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cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-ellipsis mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-ellipsis"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">个人工具</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-personal" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-personal user-links-collapsible-item" title="用户菜单" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="https://donate.wikimedia.org/?wmf_source=donate&wmf_medium=sidebar&wmf_campaign=zh.wikipedia.org&uselang=zh"><span>资助维基百科</span></a></li><li id="pt-createaccount" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:%E5%88%9B%E5%BB%BA%E8%B4%A6%E6%88%B7&returnto=GNU" title="我们推荐您创建账号并登录，但这不是强制性的"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-userAdd mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-userAdd"></span> <span>创建账号</span></a></li><li id="pt-login" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:%E7%94%A8%E6%88%B7%E7%99%BB%E5%BD%95&returnto=GNU" title="建议你登录，尽管并非必须。[o]" accesskey="o"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-logIn mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-logIn"></span> <span>登录</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-user-menu-anon-editor" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-user-menu-anon-editor" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> 未登录编辑者的页面 <a href="/wiki/Help:%E6%96%B0%E6%89%8B%E5%85%A5%E9%97%A8" aria-label="了解有关编辑的更多信息"><span>了解详情</span></a> </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-anoncontribs" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:%E6%88%91%E7%9A%84%E8%B4%A1%E7%8C%AE" title="来自此IP地址的编辑列表[y]" accesskey="y"><span>贡献</span></a></li><li id="pt-anontalk" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:%E6%88%91%E7%9A%84%E8%AE%A8%E8%AE%BA%E9%A1%B5" title="对于来自此IP地址编辑的讨论[n]" accesskey="n"><span>讨论</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </header> </div> <div class="mw-page-container"> <div class="mw-page-container-inner"> <div class="vector-sitenotice-container"> <div id="siteNotice"></div> </div> <div class="vector-column-start"> <div class="vector-main-menu-container"> <div id="mw-navigation"> <nav id="mw-panel" class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="站点"> <div id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav id="mw-panel-toc" aria-label="目录" data-event-name="ui.sidebar-toc" class="mw-table-of-contents-container vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-toc-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-toc" class="vector-toc vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-toc-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="toc-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-toc" > <h2 class="vector-pinnable-header-label">目录</h2> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.pin">移至侧栏</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.unpin">隐藏</button> </div> <ul class="vector-toc-contents" id="mw-panel-toc-list"> <li id="toc-mw-content-text" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a href="#" class="vector-toc-link"> <div class="vector-toc-text">序言</div> </a> </li> <li id="toc-歷史" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#歷史"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1</span> <span>歷史</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-歷史-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-組成" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#組成"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>組成</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-組成-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-GNU_變種" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#GNU_變種"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>GNU 變種</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-GNU_變種-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-商標" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#商標"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>商標</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-商標-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-参考文献" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#参考文献"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>参考文献</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-参考文献-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-参见" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#参见"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>参见</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-参见-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-外部連結" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#外部連結"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>外部連結</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-外部連結-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="目录" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="开关目录" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">开关目录</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">GNU</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="前往另一种语言写成的文章。75种语言可用" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-75" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">75种语言</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/GNU" title="GNU – 南非荷兰语" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="GNU" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="南非荷兰语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Afrikaans</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AC%D9%86%D9%88" title="جنو – 阿拉伯语" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="جنو" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="阿拉伯语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/GNU" title="GNU – 阿塞拜疆语" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="GNU" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="阿塞拜疆语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D0%9D%D0%A3" title="ГНУ – 保加利亚语" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="ГНУ" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="保加利亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%97%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%A8%E0%A7%81" title="গ্নু – 孟加拉语" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="গ্নু" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="孟加拉语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bs mw-list-item"><a href="https://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/GNU" title="GNU – 波斯尼亚语" lang="bs" hreflang="bs" data-title="GNU" data-language-autonym="Bosanski" data-language-local-name="波斯尼亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bosanski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/GNU" title="GNU – 加泰罗尼亚语" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="GNU" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="加泰罗尼亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ckb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ckb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%AF%D9%86%D9%88%D9%88" title="گنوو – 中库尔德语" lang="ckb" hreflang="ckb" data-title="گنوو" data-language-autonym="کوردی" data-language-local-name="中库尔德语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>کوردی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/GNU" title="GNU – 捷克语" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="GNU" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="捷克语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/GNU" title="GNU – 丹麦语" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="GNU" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="丹麦语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/GNU" title="GNU – 德语" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="GNU" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="德语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/GNU" title="GNU – 希腊语" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="GNU" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="希腊语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en mw-list-item"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/GNU" title="GNU – 英语" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="GNU" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="英语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/GNU" title="GNU – 世界语" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="GNU" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="世界语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/GNU" title="GNU – 西班牙语" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="GNU" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="西班牙语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/GNU" title="GNU – 爱沙尼亚语" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="GNU" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="爱沙尼亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/GNU" title="GNU – 巴斯克语" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="GNU" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="巴斯克语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%AF%D9%86%D9%88" title="گنو – 波斯语" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="گنو" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="波斯语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/GNU" title="GNU – 芬兰语" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="GNU" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="芬兰语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/GNU" title="GNU – 法语" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="GNU" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="法语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fy mw-list-item"><a href="https://fy.wikipedia.org/wiki/GNU" title="GNU – 西弗里西亚语" lang="fy" hreflang="fy" data-title="GNU" data-language-autonym="Frysk" data-language-local-name="西弗里西亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Frysk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/GNU_(sistema_operativo)" title="GNU (sistema operativo) – 加利西亚语" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="GNU (sistema operativo)" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="加利西亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%92%D7%A0%D7%95_(%D7%9E%D7%A2%D7%A8%D7%9B%D7%AA_%D7%94%D7%A4%D7%A2%D7%9C%D7%94)" title="גנו (מערכת הפעלה) – 希伯来语" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="גנו (מערכת הפעלה)" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="希伯来语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%97%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A8%E0%A5%82" title="ग्नू – 印地语" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="ग्नू" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="印地语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/GNU" title="GNU – 克罗地亚语" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="GNU" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="克罗地亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/GNU" title="GNU – 匈牙利语" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="GNU" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="匈牙利语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/GNU" title="GNU – 印度尼西亚语" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="GNU" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="印度尼西亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ilo mw-list-item"><a href="https://ilo.wikipedia.org/wiki/GNU" title="GNU – 伊洛卡诺语" lang="ilo" hreflang="ilo" data-title="GNU" data-language-autonym="Ilokano" data-language-local-name="伊洛卡诺语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ilokano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is mw-list-item"><a href="https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/GNU" title="GNU – 冰岛语" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="GNU" data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="冰岛语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Íslenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/GNU" title="GNU – 意大利语" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="GNU" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="意大利语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/GNU" title="GNU – 日语" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="GNU" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="日语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jbo mw-list-item"><a href="https://jbo.wikipedia.org/wiki/la_.gnus." title="la .gnus. – 逻辑语" lang="jbo" hreflang="jbo" data-title="la .gnus." data-language-autonym="La .lojban." data-language-local-name="逻辑语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>La .lojban.</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kn mw-list-item"><a href="https://kn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B2%97%E0%B3%8D%E0%B2%A8%E0%B3%81" title="ಗ್ನು – 卡纳达语" lang="kn" hreflang="kn" data-title="ಗ್ನು" data-language-autonym="ಕನ್ನಡ" data-language-local-name="卡纳达语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ಕನ್ನಡ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/GNU" title="GNU – 韩语" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="GNU" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="韩语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ku mw-list-item"><a href="https://ku.wikipedia.org/wiki/GNU" title="GNU – 库尔德语" lang="ku" hreflang="ku" data-title="GNU" data-language-autonym="Kurdî" data-language-local-name="库尔德语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kurdî</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ky mw-list-item"><a href="https://ky.wikipedia.org/wiki/GNU" title="GNU – 柯尔克孜语" lang="ky" hreflang="ky" data-title="GNU" data-language-autonym="Кыргызча" data-language-local-name="柯尔克孜语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Кыргызча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/GNU" title="GNU – 拉丁语" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="GNU" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="拉丁语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lmo mw-list-item"><a href="https://lmo.wikipedia.org/wiki/GNU" title="GNU – 倫巴底文" lang="lmo" hreflang="lmo" data-title="GNU" data-language-autonym="Lombard" data-language-local-name="倫巴底文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lombard</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/GNU" title="GNU – 立陶宛语" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="GNU" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="立陶宛语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/GNU" title="GNU – 拉脱维亚语" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="GNU" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="拉脱维亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mhr mw-list-item"><a href="https://mhr.wikipedia.org/wiki/GNU" title="GNU – Eastern Mari" lang="mhr" hreflang="mhr" data-title="GNU" data-language-autonym="Олык марий" data-language-local-name="Eastern Mari" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Олык марий</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D0%9D%D0%A3" title="ГНУ – 马其顿语" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="ГНУ" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="马其顿语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml mw-list-item"><a href="https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B4%97%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%A8%E0%B5%81" title="ഗ്നു – 马拉雅拉姆语" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="ഗ്നു" data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="马拉雅拉姆语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>മലയാളം</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/GNU" title="GNU – 马来语" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="GNU" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="马来语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/GNU" title="GNU – 荷兰语" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="GNU" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="荷兰语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/GNU" title="GNU – 书面挪威语" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="GNU" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="书面挪威语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl badge-Q17437798 badge-goodarticle mw-list-item" title="优良条目"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/GNU" title="GNU – 波兰语" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="GNU" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="波兰语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/GNU" title="GNU – 葡萄牙语" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="GNU" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="葡萄牙语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/GNU" title="GNU – 罗马尼亚语" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="GNU" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="罗马尼亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/GNU" title="GNU – 俄语" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="GNU" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="俄语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sc mw-list-item"><a href="https://sc.wikipedia.org/wiki/GNU" title="GNU – 萨丁语" lang="sc" hreflang="sc" data-title="GNU" data-language-autonym="Sardu" data-language-local-name="萨丁语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sardu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/GNU" title="GNU – 塞尔维亚-克罗地亚语" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="GNU" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="塞尔维亚-克罗地亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/GNU" title="GNU – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="GNU" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/GNU" title="GNU – 斯洛伐克语" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="GNU" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="斯洛伐克语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/GNU" title="GNU – 斯洛文尼亚语" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="GNU" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="斯洛文尼亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sq mw-list-item"><a href="https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/GNU" title="GNU – 阿尔巴尼亚语" lang="sq" hreflang="sq" data-title="GNU" data-language-autonym="Shqip" data-language-local-name="阿尔巴尼亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Shqip</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/GNU" title="GNU – 塞尔维亚语" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="GNU" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="塞尔维亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/GNU" title="GNU – 瑞典语" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="GNU" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="瑞典语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%95%E0%AF%81%E0%AE%A9%E0%AF%82" title="குனூ – 泰米尔语" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="குனூ" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="泰米尔语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>தமிழ்</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-te mw-list-item"><a href="https://te.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B0%97%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%A8%E0%B1%82" title="గ్నూ – 泰卢固语" lang="te" hreflang="te" data-title="గ్నూ" data-language-autonym="తెలుగు" data-language-local-name="泰卢固语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>తెలుగు</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%B9" title="กนู – 泰语" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="กนู" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="泰语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tl mw-list-item"><a href="https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/GNU" title="GNU – 他加禄语" lang="tl" hreflang="tl" data-title="GNU" data-language-autonym="Tagalog" data-language-local-name="他加禄语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tagalog</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/GNU" title="GNU – 土耳其语" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="GNU" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="土耳其语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tt mw-list-item"><a href="https://tt.wikipedia.org/wiki/GNU" title="GNU – 鞑靼语" lang="tt" hreflang="tt" data-title="GNU" data-language-autonym="Татарча / tatarça" data-language-local-name="鞑靼语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Татарча / tatarça</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ug mw-list-item"><a href="https://ug.wikipedia.org/wiki/GNU" title="GNU – 维吾尔语" lang="ug" hreflang="ug" data-title="GNU" data-language-autonym="ئۇيغۇرچە / Uyghurche" data-language-local-name="维吾尔语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ئۇيغۇرچە / Uyghurche</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/GNU" title="GNU – 乌克兰语" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="GNU" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="乌克兰语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%AF%D9%86%D9%88" title="گنو – 乌尔都语" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="گنو" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="乌尔都语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>اردو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/GNU" title="GNU – 乌兹别克语" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="GNU" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="乌兹别克语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vec mw-list-item"><a href="https://vec.wikipedia.org/wiki/GNU" title="GNU – 威尼斯语" lang="vec" hreflang="vec" data-title="GNU" data-language-autonym="Vèneto" data-language-local-name="威尼斯语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Vèneto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/GNU" title="GNU – 越南语" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="GNU" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="越南语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-war mw-list-item"><a href="https://war.wikipedia.org/wiki/GNU" title="GNU – 瓦瑞语" lang="war" hreflang="war" data-title="GNU" data-language-autonym="Winaray" data-language-local-name="瓦瑞语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Winaray</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/GNU" title="GNU – 吴语" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="GNU" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="吴语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>吴语</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-yi mw-list-item"><a href="https://yi.wikipedia.org/wiki/GNU" title="GNU – 意第绪语" lang="yi" hreflang="yi" data-title="GNU" data-language-autonym="ייִדיש" data-language-local-name="意第绪语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ייִדיש</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-min-nan mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-min-nan.wikipedia.org/wiki/GNU" title="GNU – 闽南语" lang="nan" hreflang="nan" data-title="GNU" data-language-autonym="閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú" data-language-local-name="闽南语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/GNU" title="GNU – 粤语" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="GNU" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="粤语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>粵語</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q44571#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="编辑跨语言链接" class="wbc-editpage">编辑链接</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="命名空间"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-nstab-main" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/GNU" title="浏览条目正文[c]" accesskey="c"><span>条目</span></a></li><li id="ca-talk" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Talk:GNU" rel="discussion" title="关于此页面的讨论[t]" accesskey="t"><span>讨论</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown " > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="更改语言变体" > <label id="vector-variants-dropdown-label" for="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">不转换</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-variants" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-variants" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-varlang-0" class="selected ca-variants-zh mw-list-item"><a href="/zh/GNU" lang="zh" hreflang="zh"><span>不转换</span></a></li><li id="ca-varlang-1" class="ca-variants-zh-Hans mw-list-item"><a href="/zh-hans/GNU" lang="zh-Hans" hreflang="zh-Hans"><span>简体</span></a></li><li id="ca-varlang-2" class="ca-variants-zh-Hant mw-list-item"><a href="/zh-hant/GNU" lang="zh-Hant" hreflang="zh-Hant"><span>繁體</span></a></li><li id="ca-varlang-3" class="ca-variants-zh-Hans-CN mw-list-item"><a href="/zh-cn/GNU" lang="zh-Hans-CN" hreflang="zh-Hans-CN"><span>大陆简体</span></a></li><li id="ca-varlang-4" class="ca-variants-zh-Hant-HK mw-list-item"><a href="/zh-hk/GNU" lang="zh-Hant-HK" hreflang="zh-Hant-HK"><span>香港繁體</span></a></li><li id="ca-varlang-5" class="ca-variants-zh-Hant-MO mw-list-item"><a href="/zh-mo/GNU" lang="zh-Hant-MO" hreflang="zh-Hant-MO"><span>澳門繁體</span></a></li><li id="ca-varlang-6" class="ca-variants-zh-Hans-MY mw-list-item"><a href="/zh-my/GNU" lang="zh-Hans-MY" hreflang="zh-Hans-MY"><span>大马简体</span></a></li><li id="ca-varlang-7" class="ca-variants-zh-Hans-SG mw-list-item"><a href="/zh-sg/GNU" lang="zh-Hans-SG" hreflang="zh-Hans-SG"><span>新加坡简体</span></a></li><li id="ca-varlang-8" class="ca-variants-zh-Hant-TW mw-list-item"><a href="/zh-tw/GNU" lang="zh-Hant-TW" hreflang="zh-Hant-TW"><span>臺灣正體</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> <div id="right-navigation" class="vector-collapsible"> <nav aria-label="查看"> <div id="p-views" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-views" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-view" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/GNU"><span>阅读</span></a></li><li id="ca-edit" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=GNU&action=edit" title="编辑该页面[e]" accesskey="e"><span>编辑</span></a></li><li id="ca-history" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=GNU&action=history" title="本页面的早前版本。[h]" accesskey="h"><span>查看历史</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="页面工具"> <div id="vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-tools-dropdown" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="工具" > <label id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-label" for="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">工具</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> <div id="vector-page-tools" class="vector-page-tools vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-page-tools-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-unpinned" data-feature-name="page-tools-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-page-tools" data-pinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">工具</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.pin">移至侧栏</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.unpin">隐藏</button> </div> <div id="p-cactions" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-cactions emptyPortlet vector-has-collapsible-items" title="更多选项" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> 操作 </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-more-view" class="selected vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/GNU"><span>阅读</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-edit" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=GNU&action=edit" title="编辑该页面[e]" accesskey="e"><span>编辑</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-history" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=GNU&action=history"><span>查看历史</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-tb" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-tb" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> 常规 </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="t-whatlinkshere" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:%E9%93%BE%E5%85%A5%E9%A1%B5%E9%9D%A2/GNU" title="列出所有与本页相链的页面[j]" accesskey="j"><span>链入页面</span></a></li><li id="t-recentchangeslinked" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:%E9%93%BE%E5%87%BA%E6%9B%B4%E6%94%B9/GNU" rel="nofollow" title="页面链出所有页面的更改[k]" accesskey="k"><span>相关更改</span></a></li><li id="t-upload" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Project:%E4%B8%8A%E4%BC%A0" title="上传图像或多媒体文件[u]" accesskey="u"><span>上传文件</span></a></li><li id="t-specialpages" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:%E7%89%B9%E6%AE%8A%E9%A1%B5%E9%9D%A2" title="全部特殊页面的列表[q]" accesskey="q"><span>特殊页面</span></a></li><li id="t-permalink" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=GNU&oldid=79510168" title="此页面该修订版本的固定链接"><span>固定链接</span></a></li><li id="t-info" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=GNU&action=info" title="关于此页面的更多信息"><span>页面信息</span></a></li><li id="t-cite" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:%E5%BC%95%E7%94%A8%E6%AD%A4%E9%A1%B5%E9%9D%A2&page=GNU&id=79510168&wpFormIdentifier=titleform" title="有关如何引用此页面的信息"><span>引用此页</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:URL%E7%BC%A9%E7%9F%AD%E7%A8%8B%E5%BA%8F&url=https%3A%2F%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2FGNU"><span>获取短链接</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener-qrcode" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:QrCode&url=https%3A%2F%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2FGNU"><span>下载二维码</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-electronpdfservice-sidebar-portlet-heading" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-electronpdfservice-sidebar-portlet-heading" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> 打印/导出 </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="electron-print_pdf" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:DownloadAsPdf&page=GNU&action=show-download-screen"><span>下载为PDF</span></a></li><li id="t-print" class="mw-list-item"><a href="javascript:print();" rel="alternate" title="本页面的可打印版本[p]" accesskey="p"><span>打印页面</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-wikibase-otherprojects" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-wikibase-otherprojects" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> 在其他项目中 </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-commons mw-list-item"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/GNU" hreflang="en"><span>维基共享资源</span></a></li><li class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-meta mw-list-item"><a href="https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Facebook_pages" hreflang="en"><span>元维基</span></a></li><li id="t-wikibase" class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-wikibase-dataitem mw-list-item"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q44571" title="链接到连接的数据仓库项目[g]" accesskey="g"><span>维基数据项目</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-column-end"> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="页面工具"> <div id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="外观"> <div id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-appearance" class="vector-appearance vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-appearance-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="appearance-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-appearance" data-pinned-container-id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">外观</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.pin">移至侧栏</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.unpin">隐藏</button> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div id="bodyContent" class="vector-body" aria-labelledby="firstHeading" data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> <div id="mw-indicator-noteTA-460edb1b" class="mw-indicator"><div class="mw-parser-output"><span class="skin-invert" typeof="mw:File"><span title="本页使用了标题或全文手工转换"><img alt="本页使用了标题或全文手工转换" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cd/Zh_conversion_icon_m.svg/35px-Zh_conversion_icon_m.svg.png" decoding="async" width="35" height="22" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cd/Zh_conversion_icon_m.svg/53px-Zh_conversion_icon_m.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cd/Zh_conversion_icon_m.svg/70px-Zh_conversion_icon_m.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="32" data-file-height="20" /></span></span></div></div> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">维基百科，自由的百科全书</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="zh" dir="ltr"><div id="noteTA-460edb1b" class="noteTA"><div class="noteTA-group"><div data-noteta-group-source="module" data-noteta-group="IT"></div><div data-noteta-group-source="module" data-noteta-group="People"></div><div data-noteta-group-source="module" data-noteta-group="Copyright"></div></div></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r83732082">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox-header,body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox-subheader,body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox-above,body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox-title,body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox-image,body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data,body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox-below{text-align:center}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox td div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:transparent!important;color:var(--color-base,#202122)}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox td div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:transparent!important;color:var(--color-base,#202122)}}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox td div.NavHead:not(.notheme)[style]{background:transparent!important}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox td div.NavHead:not(.notheme)[style]{background:transparent!important}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox vevent"><caption class="infobox-title summary">GNU</caption><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Heckert_GNU_white.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/22/Heckert_GNU_white.svg/100px-Heckert_GNU_white.svg.png" decoding="async" width="100" height="98" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/22/Heckert_GNU_white.svg/150px-Heckert_GNU_white.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/22/Heckert_GNU_white.svg/200px-Heckert_GNU_white.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="535" data-file-height="523" /></a></span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space:nowrap;;"><a href="/wiki/%E8%BD%AF%E4%BB%B6%E8%AE%BE%E8%AE%A1%E5%B8%88" title="软件设计师">开发者</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style="{{{datastyle}}};">社區</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space:nowrap;;"><a href="/wiki/%E7%BC%96%E7%A8%8B%E8%AF%AD%E8%A8%80" title="编程语言">编程语言</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style="{{{datastyle}}};">各種（特別是<a href="/wiki/C%E8%AA%9E%E8%A8%80" class="mw-redirect" title="C語言">C語言</a>以及<a href="/wiki/%E6%B1%87%E7%BC%96%E8%AF%AD%E8%A8%80" title="汇编语言">汇编语言</a>）</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space:nowrap;;">作業系統家族</th><td class="infobox-data" style="{{{datastyle}}};"><a href="/wiki/%E7%B1%BBUnix%E7%B3%BB%E7%BB%9F" title="类Unix系统">类Unix系统</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space:nowrap;;">運作狀態</th><td class="infobox-data" style="{{{datastyle}}};">當前</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space:nowrap;;">源码模式</th><td class="infobox-data" style="{{{datastyle}}};"><a href="/wiki/%E8%87%AA%E7%94%B1%E8%BD%AF%E4%BB%B6" title="自由软件">自由软件</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space:nowrap;;">市場取向</th><td class="infobox-data" style="{{{datastyle}}};">個人計算機、移動設備、嵌入式設備、伺服器、大型機、超級計算機</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space:nowrap;;">支援平台</th><td class="infobox-data" style="{{{datastyle}}};"><a href="/wiki/IA-32" title="IA-32">IA-32</a>（僅限<a href="/wiki/Hurd" class="mw-redirect" title="Hurd">Hurd</a>內核）和<a href="/wiki/DEC_Alpha" title="DEC Alpha">Alpha</a>, <span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="ARC" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Synopsys ARC"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=ARC&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="ARC（页面不存在）">ARC</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Synopsys_ARC" class="extiw" title="en:Synopsys ARC"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Synopsys ARC</span></a></span>）</span></span>, <a href="/wiki/ARM%E6%9E%B6%E6%A7%8B" title="ARM架構">ARM</a>, <span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="AVR32" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="AVR32"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=AVR32&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="AVR32（页面不存在）">AVR32</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/AVR32" class="extiw" title="en:AVR32"><span lang="en" dir="auto">AVR32</span></a></span>）</span></span>, <span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="Blackfin" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Blackfin"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Blackfin&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Blackfin（页面不存在）">Blackfin</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Blackfin" class="extiw" title="en:Blackfin"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Blackfin</span></a></span>）</span></span>, <a href="/wiki/%E5%BE%B7%E5%B7%9E%E4%BB%AA%E5%99%A8TMS320" title="德州仪器TMS320">C6x</a>, <span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="ETRAX CRIS" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="ETRAX CRIS"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=ETRAX_CRIS&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="ETRAX CRIS（页面不存在）">ETRAX CRIS</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ETRAX_CRIS" class="extiw" title="en:ETRAX CRIS"><span lang="en" dir="auto">ETRAX CRIS</span></a></span>）</span></span>, <span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="FR-V" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="FR-V"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=FR-V&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="FR-V（页面不存在）">FR-V</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/FR-V" class="extiw" title="en:FR-V"><span lang="en" dir="auto">FR-V</span></a></span>）</span></span>, <a href="/wiki/H8%E7%B3%BB%E5%88%97" title="H8系列">H8/300</a>, <span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="Hexagon" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Qualcomm Hexagon"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hexagon&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Hexagon（页面不存在）">Hexagon</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Qualcomm_Hexagon" class="extiw" title="en:Qualcomm Hexagon"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Qualcomm Hexagon</span></a></span>）</span></span>, <a href="/wiki/%E5%AE%89%E8%85%BE" title="安腾">安腾</a>, <span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="M32R" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="M32R"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=M32R&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="M32R（页面不存在）">M32R</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/M32R" class="extiw" title="en:M32R"><span lang="en" dir="auto">M32R</span></a></span>）</span></span>, <span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="m68k" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="m68k"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=M68k&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="M68k（页面不存在）">m68k</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/m68k" class="extiw" title="en:m68k"><span lang="en" dir="auto">m68k</span></a></span>）</span></span>, <span class="ilh-all ilh-blue" data-orig-title="META" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Imagination META"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/wiki/META" class="mw-redirect" title="META">META</a></span></span>, <span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="MicroBlaze" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="MicroBlaze"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=MicroBlaze&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="MicroBlaze（页面不存在）">MicroBlaze</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/MicroBlaze" class="extiw" title="en:MicroBlaze"><span lang="en" dir="auto">MicroBlaze</span></a></span>）</span></span>, <a href="/wiki/MIPS%E6%9E%B6%E6%A7%8B" title="MIPS架構">MIPS</a>, <span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="MN103" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="MN103"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=MN103&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="MN103（页面不存在）">MN103</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/MN103" class="extiw" title="en:MN103"><span lang="en" dir="auto">MN103</span></a></span>）</span></span>, <span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="OpenRISC" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="OpenRISC"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=OpenRISC&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="OpenRISC（页面不存在）">OpenRISC</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/OpenRISC" class="extiw" title="en:OpenRISC"><span lang="en" dir="auto">OpenRISC</span></a></span>）</span></span>, <a href="/wiki/PA-RISC" title="PA-RISC">PA-RISC</a>, <a href="/wiki/PowerPC" title="PowerPC">PowerPC</a>, <span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="s390" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="s390"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=S390&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="S390（页面不存在）">s390</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/s390" class="extiw" title="en:s390"><span lang="en" dir="auto">s390</span></a></span>）</span></span>, <span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="S+core" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="HyperScan"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=S%2Bcore&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="S+core（页面不存在）">S+core</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/HyperScan" class="extiw" title="en:HyperScan"><span lang="en" dir="auto">HyperScan</span></a></span>）</span></span>, <a href="/wiki/SuperH" title="SuperH">SuperH</a>, <a href="/wiki/SPARC" title="SPARC">SPARC</a>, <span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="TILE64" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="TILE64"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=TILE64&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="TILE64（页面不存在）">TILE64</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/TILE64" class="extiw" title="en:TILE64"><span lang="en" dir="auto">TILE64</span></a></span>）</span></span>, <span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="Unicore32" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Unicore32"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Unicore32&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Unicore32（页面不存在）">Unicore32</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Unicore32" class="extiw" title="en:Unicore32"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Unicore32</span></a></span>）</span></span>, <a href="/wiki/X86" title="X86">x86</a>, <span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="Xtensa" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Xtensa"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Xtensa&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Xtensa（页面不存在）">Xtensa</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Xtensa" class="extiw" title="en:Xtensa"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Xtensa</span></a></span>）</span></span>（僅限<a href="/wiki/Linux-libre" title="Linux-libre">Linux-libre</a>內核）</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space:nowrap;;"><a href="/wiki/%E5%86%85%E6%A0%B8" title="内核">内核</a>类别</th><td class="infobox-data" style="{{{datastyle}}};"><a href="/wiki/%E5%BE%AE%E5%85%A7%E6%A0%B8" title="微內核">微內核</a> (<a href="/wiki/GNU_Hurd" title="GNU Hurd">GNU Hurd</a>)或<a href="/wiki/%E6%95%B4%E5%A1%8A%E6%80%A7%E6%A0%B8%E5%BF%83" title="整塊性核心">整塊性核心</a> (<a href="/wiki/Linux%E5%86%85%E6%A0%B8" title="Linux内核">Linux</a>的分支，GNU <a href="/wiki/Linux-libre" title="Linux-libre">Linux-libre</a>)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space:nowrap;;"><a href="/wiki/%E4%BD%BF%E7%94%A8%E8%80%85%E7%A9%BA%E9%96%93" title="使用者空間">使用者空間</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style="{{{datastyle}}};">GNU</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space:nowrap;;"><a href="/wiki/%E8%BD%AF%E4%BB%B6%E8%AE%B8%E5%8F%AF%E8%AF%81" title="软件许可证">许可证</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style="{{{datastyle}}};"><a href="/wiki/GNU%E9%80%9A%E7%94%A8%E5%85%AC%E5%85%B1%E8%AE%B8%E5%8F%AF%E8%AF%81" title="GNU通用公共许可证">GNU GPL</a>、<a href="/wiki/GNU%E5%AE%BD%E9%80%9A%E7%94%A8%E5%85%AC%E5%85%B1%E8%AE%B8%E5%8F%AF%E8%AF%81" title="GNU宽通用公共许可证">GNU LGPL</a>、<a href="/wiki/Affero%E9%80%9A%E7%94%A8%E5%85%AC%E5%85%B1%E8%AE%B8%E5%8F%AF%E8%AF%81" class="mw-redirect" title="Affero通用公共许可证">GNU AGPL</a>、<a href="/wiki/GNU%E8%87%AA%E7%94%B1%E6%96%87%E6%A1%A3%E8%AE%B8%E5%8F%AF%E8%AF%81" title="GNU自由文档许可证">GNU FDL</a>、<span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="GNU FSDG" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="GNU Project#GNU Free System Distribution Guidelines"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=GNU_FSDG&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="GNU FSDG（页面不存在）">GNU FSDG</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/GNU_Project#GNU_Free_System_Distribution_Guidelines" class="extiw" title="en:GNU Project"><span lang="en" dir="auto">GNU Project#GNU Free System Distribution Guidelines</span></a></span>）</span></span><sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space:nowrap;;">官方網站</th><td class="infobox-data" style="{{{datastyle}}};"><a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="https://www.gnu.org/">https://www.gnu.org/</a></td></tr></tbody></table> <p><b>GNU</b>是一個<a href="/wiki/%E8%87%AA%E7%94%B1%E8%BB%9F%E9%AB%94" class="mw-redirect" title="自由軟體">自由</a>的<a href="/wiki/%E4%BD%9C%E6%A5%AD%E7%B3%BB%E7%B5%B1" class="mw-redirect" title="作業系統">作業系統</a>，其內容軟體完全以<a href="/wiki/GPL" class="mw-redirect" title="GPL">GPL</a>方式釋出。這個作業系統是<a href="/wiki/GNU%E8%A8%88%E5%8A%83" title="GNU計劃">GNU計劃</a>的主要目標，名稱來自<span lang="en">GNU's Not Unix!</span>的<a href="/wiki/%E9%81%9E%E8%BF%B4%E7%B8%AE%E5%AF%AB" class="mw-redirect" title="遞迴縮寫">遞迴縮寫</a>，因為GNU的設計類似<a href="/wiki/Unix" class="mw-redirect" title="Unix">Unix</a>，但它不包含具著作權的Unix代碼。GNU的創始人，<a href="/wiki/%E7%90%86%E5%AF%9F%C2%B7%E9%A6%AC%E4%BF%AE%C2%B7%E6%96%AF%E6%89%98%E6%9B%BC" class="mw-redirect" title="理察·馬修·斯托曼">理察·馬修·斯托曼</a>，將GNU視為「達成社會目的技術方法」。 </p><p>作為作業系統，GNU的發展仍未完成，其中最大的問題是具有完備功能的內核尚未被開發成功。GNU的內核，稱為<a href="/wiki/GNU_Hurd" title="GNU Hurd">Hurd</a>，是<a href="/wiki/%E8%87%AA%E7%94%B1%E8%BB%9F%E9%AB%94%E5%9F%BA%E9%87%91%E6%9C%83" class="mw-redirect" title="自由軟體基金會">自由軟體基金會</a>發展的重點，但是其發展尚未成熟。在實際使用上，多半使用<a href="/wiki/Linux%E5%85%A7%E6%A0%B8" class="mw-redirect" title="Linux內核">Linux內核</a>、<a href="/wiki/FreeBSD" title="FreeBSD">FreeBSD</a>等替代方案，作為系統核心，其中主要的操作系统是Linux的發行版。<a href="/wiki/Linux" title="Linux">Linux</a>作業系統包涵了<a href="/wiki/Linux%E5%85%A7%E6%A0%B8" class="mw-redirect" title="Linux內核">Linux內核</a>與其他自由軟體計畫中的GNU組件和軟體，可以被稱為<a href="/wiki/GNU/Linux" class="mw-redirect" title="GNU/Linux">GNU/Linux</a>（見<a href="/wiki/GNU/Linux%E5%91%BD%E5%90%8D%E7%88%AD%E8%AD%B0" title="GNU/Linux命名爭議">GNU/Linux命名爭議</a>）。 </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="歷史"><span id=".E6.AD.B7.E5.8F.B2"></span>歷史</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=GNU&action=edit&section=1" title="编辑章节：歷史"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Richard_Stallman_-_F%C3%AAte_de_l%27Humanit%C3%A9_2014_-_010.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7b/Richard_Stallman_-_F%C3%AAte_de_l%27Humanit%C3%A9_2014_-_010.jpg/220px-Richard_Stallman_-_F%C3%AAte_de_l%27Humanit%C3%A9_2014_-_010.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="330" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7b/Richard_Stallman_-_F%C3%AAte_de_l%27Humanit%C3%A9_2014_-_010.jpg/330px-Richard_Stallman_-_F%C3%AAte_de_l%27Humanit%C3%A9_2014_-_010.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7b/Richard_Stallman_-_F%C3%AAte_de_l%27Humanit%C3%A9_2014_-_010.jpg/440px-Richard_Stallman_-_F%C3%AAte_de_l%27Humanit%C3%A9_2014_-_010.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3456" data-file-height="5184" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/%E7%90%86%E6%9F%A5%C2%B7%E6%96%AF%E6%89%98%E6%9B%BC" class="mw-redirect" title="理查·斯托曼">理查·斯托曼</a>, GNU計劃的建立者</figcaption></figure> <p>GNU操作系统起源於<a href="/wiki/GNU%E8%A8%88%E5%8A%83" title="GNU計劃">GNU計劃</a>，由<a href="/wiki/%E7%90%86%E6%9F%A5%C2%B7%E6%96%AF%E6%89%98%E6%9B%BC" class="mw-redirect" title="理查·斯托曼">理查·斯托曼</a>在<a href="/wiki/%E9%BA%BB%E7%9C%81%E7%90%86%E5%B7%A5%E5%AD%B8%E9%99%A2" class="mw-redirect" title="麻省理工學院">麻省理工學院</a>人工智能實驗室發起，希望發展出一套完整的開放原始碼作業系統來取代Unix，計劃中的作業系統，名為GNU。1983年9月27日，<a href="/wiki/%E7%90%86%E6%9F%A5%C2%B7%E6%96%AF%E6%89%98%E6%9B%BC" class="mw-redirect" title="理查·斯托曼">理查·斯托曼</a>在 net.unix-wizards 和 net.usoft<a href="/wiki/%E6%96%B0%E8%81%9E%E7%BE%A4%E7%B5%84" class="mw-redirect" title="新聞群組">新聞群組</a>中公布這項計劃。 <sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-internethist_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-internethist-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。理查德·斯托曼通過使用變化單詞的各種手法來選擇名稱，包括曲目<i><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="The Gnu" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="The Gnu"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=The_Gnu&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="The Gnu（页面不存在）">The Gnu</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Gnu" class="extiw" title="en:The Gnu"><span lang="en" dir="auto">The Gnu</span></a></span>）</span></span></i>。<sup id="cite_ref-rms-zagreb-talk_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-rms-zagreb-talk-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference" style="white-space:nowrap;">（<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://fsfe.org/freesoftware/transcripts/rms-fs-2006-03-09.en.html#the-name-gnu">00:45:30</a>）</sup> </p><p>斯托曼的目標是成立一個完全自由的操作系统，他希望電腦用戶是能夠“自由使用”的。因為在20世紀60年代和70年代 - 大多數人都能自由學習軟件的源代碼，自由地與他人分享的軟件，可自由修改軟件的行為，自由發布的軟件的修改後的版本。這種理念，在1985年3月出版的<a href="/wiki/GNU%E5%AE%A3%E8%A8%80" title="GNU宣言">GNU宣言</a>嶄露無遺。<sup id="cite_ref-internethist_4-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-internethist-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>1984年1月5日，正式開始開發軟體，為了防止這些軟體將來可能被主張所有權，影響到自由軟體的發展，斯托曼辭去了在實驗室的工作。<sup id="cite_ref-intervention_6-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-intervention-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。理查·斯托曼使用<span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="不兼容分時系統" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Incompatible Timesharing System"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E4%B8%8D%E5%85%BC%E5%AE%B9%E5%88%86%E6%99%82%E7%B3%BB%E7%B5%B1&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="不兼容分時系統（页面不存在）">不兼容分時系統</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Incompatible_Timesharing_System" class="extiw" title="en:Incompatible Timesharing System"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Incompatible Timesharing System</span></a></span>）</span></span> (ITS)<sup id="cite_ref-intervention_6-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-intervention-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>（一種早期的作業系統，使用<a href="/wiki/%E6%B1%87%E7%BC%96%E8%AF%AD%E8%A8%80" title="汇编语言">彙編語言</a>撰寫，因其所運行的稱爲 <a href="/wiki/PDP-10" title="PDP-10">PDP-10</a>的電腦系統架構停止發展而變得過時）的經驗，導致了需要一种可移植系統的决定。<sup id="cite_ref-rms-zagreb-talk_5-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-rms-zagreb-talk-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference" style="white-space:nowrap;">（<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://fsfe.org/freesoftware/transcripts/rms-fs-2006-03-09.en.html#choosing-the-unix-design">00:40:52</a>）</sup><sup id="cite_ref-opensource2.0_7-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-opensource2.0-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>因此，會議決定，將開發新的系統，並使用 <a href="/wiki/C%E8%AF%AD%E8%A8%80" title="C语言">C</a> 和<a href="/wiki/Lisp" class="mw-redirect" title="Lisp">Lisp</a>作為系統編程語言。<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> 且GNU將與UNIX兼容。<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> 當時，UNIX已經是一個流行的專有操作系统。而Unix的設計是模塊化的，所以它可以被逐步分塊的實現。<sup id="cite_ref-opensource2.0_7-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-opensource2.0-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>1984年，開始發展編輯器<a href="/wiki/Emacs" title="Emacs">Emacs</a>等軟體。1985年，發表<a href="/wiki/GNU%E5%AE%A3%E8%A8%80" title="GNU宣言">GNU宣言</a>。1989年，發表<a href="/wiki/GNU_General_Public_License" class="mw-redirect" title="GNU General Public License">GNU通用公共授權條款</a>。GNU計劃中的其他部份，如編輯器、編譯器、shell等都已經完成，獨缺作業系統核心。1990年，自由軟體基金會開始正式發展<a href="/wiki/Hurd" class="mw-redirect" title="Hurd">Hurd</a>，作為GNU計畫中的作業系統。根據<a href="/wiki/%E6%B9%AF%E7%91%AA%E6%96%AF%C2%B7%E5%B8%83%E4%BB%80%E5%85%A7%E7%88%BE" title="湯瑪斯·布什內爾">湯瑪斯·布什內爾</a>的回憶，最早自由軟體基金會使用Trix來開發作業系統，但在1986年放棄這個計畫。在此後，他們原希望以輕量化後的4.4BSD為基礎進行開發。1987年，<a href="/wiki/%E7%90%86%E6%9F%A5%E5%BE%B7%C2%B7%E6%96%AF%E6%89%98%E6%9B%BC" title="理查德·斯托曼">理查德·斯托曼</a>決定以<a href="/wiki/GNU_Mach" title="GNU Mach">GNU Mach</a><a href="/wiki/%E5%BE%AE%E5%85%A7%E6%A0%B8" title="微內核">微内核</a>进行开发，認為可以借此加速作業系統的開發，但因為一直不確定<a href="/wiki/%E5%8D%A1%E5%86%85%E5%9F%BA%E6%A2%85%E9%9A%86%E5%A4%A7%E5%AD%A6" class="mw-redirect" title="卡内基梅隆大学">卡内基梅隆大学</a>何時要將核心原始碼釋出，造成計劃延宕三年。他在之後承認這是個錯誤。 </p><p>許多必要的軟體需要從零寫起，但已存在的第三方組件，如 <a href="/wiki/TeX" title="TeX">TeX</a>、<a href="/wiki/X_Window_System" class="mw-redirect" title="X Window System">X Window System</a><sup id="cite_ref-internethist_4-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-internethist-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>和<a href="/wiki/Mach" title="Mach">Mach</a>微內核等等組成了 <a href="/wiki/GNU_Hurd" title="GNU Hurd">GNU Hurd</a> 的核心.<sup id="cite_ref-linuxinterface_10-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-linuxinterface-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> 除了上述的第三方組件外，大多數的GNU軟體是由許多志願者，在他們的空閒時間，或由公司、<sup id="cite_ref-cygnus_11-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-cygnus-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> 教育機構和非營利性組織贊助下撰寫。1985年10月，理查·斯托曼建立<a href="/wiki/%E8%87%AA%E7%94%B1%E8%BB%9F%E9%AB%94%E5%9F%BA%E9%87%91%E6%9C%83" class="mw-redirect" title="自由軟體基金會">自由軟體基金會</a> (FSF)。在1980到1990年代，他們雇用軟體發展工程師去轉寫GNU必須的軟體。<sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>1991年，Linux出現。1993年，<a href="/wiki/FreeBSD" title="FreeBSD">FreeBSD</a>釋出。所有GNU計劃中，運行於使用者空間的軟體，都可以在Linux或FreeBSD上使用。許多開發者轉向於Linux或FreeBSD。其中，Linux成為常見的GNU計劃軟體運行平台。<a href="/wiki/%E7%90%86%E6%9F%A5%E5%BE%B7%C2%B7%E6%96%AF%E6%89%98%E6%9B%BC" title="理查德·斯托曼">理查德·斯托曼</a>主張，Linux作業系統使用了許多GNU計劃軟體，應正名為<a href="/wiki/GNU/Linux" class="mw-redirect" title="GNU/Linux">GNU/Linux</a>，但沒有得到Linux社群的一致認同，形成<a href="/wiki/GNU/Linux%E5%91%BD%E5%90%8D%E7%88%AD%E8%AD%B0" title="GNU/Linux命名爭議">GNU/Linux命名爭議</a>。 </p><p>由於GNU頗具知名度，有興趣的商家開始促進發展或出售GNU軟件和技術支持。其中最突出的和成功的，是<a href="/wiki/Cygnus_Solutions" title="Cygnus Solutions">Cygnus Solutions</a>，<sup id="cite_ref-cygnus_11-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-cygnus-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>現在<a href="/wiki/%E7%B4%85%E5%B8%BD%E5%85%AC%E5%8F%B8" title="紅帽公司">紅帽公司</a>的一部分。 </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="組成"><span id=".E7.B5.84.E6.88.90"></span>組成</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=GNU&action=edit&section=2" title="编辑章节：組成"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r85100532">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-size:small}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:2em;margin-bottom:0.8em;margin-top:0.8em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote-notice-img::after{content:"\202f \202f \202f \202f "}.mw-parser-output .hatnote-notice-img-small::after{content:"\202f \202f "}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .hatnote-notice-img,body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .hatnote-notice-img-small{display:none}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">主条目：<a href="/wiki/GNU%E8%BD%AF%E4%BB%B6%E5%8C%85%E5%88%97%E8%A1%A8" title="GNU软件包列表">GNU软件包列表</a></div> <p>該系統的基本組成包括GNU編譯器套裝（<a href="/wiki/GCC" title="GCC">GCC</a>）、GNU的C函式庫（<a href="/wiki/Glibc" class="mw-redirect" title="Glibc">glibc</a>）、以及GNU核心工具組（<a href="/wiki/Coreutils" class="mw-redirect" title="Coreutils">coreutils</a>）<sup id="cite_ref-handbookonopensource_14-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-handbookonopensource-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>，另外也是GNU除錯器（<a href="/wiki/GDB" class="mw-redirect" title="GDB">GDB</a>）、GNU二進制實用程序（<a href="/wiki/Binutils" class="mw-redirect" title="Binutils">binutils</a>）<sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>的<a href="/w/index.php?title=GNU_Cash&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="GNU Cash（页面不存在）">GNU Cash</a> shell中<sup id="cite_ref-linuxinterface_10-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-linuxinterface-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> 和GNOME桌面環境。<sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> GNU開發人員已經向GNU應用程序和工具的Linux <a href="/wiki/%E7%A7%BB%E6%A4%8D_(%E8%BB%9F%E9%AB%94)" title="移植 (軟體)">移植</a> ，現在也廣泛應用在其它操作系统中使用，如<a href="/wiki/Berkeley_Software_Distribution" class="mw-redirect" title="Berkeley Software Distribution">BSD</a>變體的<a href="/wiki/Solaris" title="Solaris">Solaris</a>，和<a href="/wiki/OS_X" class="mw-redirect" title="OS X">OS X</a>作出了貢獻。<sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>許多GNU程序已經被移植到其他操作系统，包括<a href="/wiki/Proprietary_software" class="mw-redirect" title="Proprietary software">專有軟體</a>，如<a href="/wiki/Microsoft_Windows" title="Microsoft Windows">Microsoft Windows</a><sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>和OS X.<sup id="cite_ref-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> GNU計劃已經被證明是比他們的專有Unix更為可靠。<sup id="cite_ref-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> 截至2022年1月，GNU主辦的官方網站共有457個GNU軟件包（包括已停止維護的73個）。<sup id="cite_ref-21" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="GNU_變種"><span id="GNU_.E8.AE.8A.E7.A8.AE"></span>GNU 變種</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=GNU&action=edit&section=3" title="编辑章节：GNU 變種"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r85100532"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">主条目：<a href="/wiki/GNU_variants" title="GNU variants">GNU variants</a></div> <p>GNU項目的官方核心是<a href="/wiki/GNU_Hurd" title="GNU Hurd">GNU Hurd</a>；然而，截至2012年，<a href="/wiki/Linux%E6%A0%B8%E5%BF%83" class="mw-redirect" title="Linux核心">Linux核心</a>正式以<a href="/wiki/Linux-libre" title="Linux-libre">Linux-libre</a>為名成為GNU計畫中的一部份，並刪除了所有專有組件的變種。<sup id="cite_ref-22" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>像FreeBSD內核其他核心依然和GNU軟件合作，形成一個工作的作業系統。<sup id="cite_ref-23" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> FSF認為<a href="/wiki/Linux%E6%A0%B8%E5%BF%83" class="mw-redirect" title="Linux核心">Linux核心</a>，與GNU工具和實用程序使用時，應承認自己為<a href="/wiki/GNU_variants" title="GNU variants">GNU變種</a>，並促進改成 <i>GNU/Linux</i> 的這類系統名稱（導致<a href="/wiki/GNU/Linux%E5%91%BD%E5%90%8D%E7%88%AD%E8%AD%B0" title="GNU/Linux命名爭議">GNU/Linux命名爭議</a>）。<sup id="cite_ref-24" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-25" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-26" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> GNU工程已認可的Linux發行版，如<a href="/wiki/GNewSense" title="GNewSense">gNewSense</a> ， <a href="/wiki/Trisquel" title="Trisquel">TRISQUEL</a>和<a href="/wiki/Parabola_GNU/Linux-libre" title="Parabola GNU/Linux-libre">Parabola GNU/Linux-libre</a>。<sup id="cite_ref-27" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> 不使用Hurd作為核心的GNU的其他變種包括的Debian GNU / kFreeBSD和Debian GNU / NetBSD的，將得以對BSD的核心實現GNU的早期計劃。 </p> <ul class="gallery mw-gallery-traditional"> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:GNewSense_screenshot.png" class="mw-file-description" title="gNewSense, 基於Debian的GNU/Linux作業系統"><img alt="gNewSense, 基於Debian的GNU/Linux作業系統" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a8/GNewSense_screenshot.png/120px-GNewSense_screenshot.png" decoding="async" width="120" height="90" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a8/GNewSense_screenshot.png/180px-GNewSense_screenshot.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a8/GNewSense_screenshot.png/240px-GNewSense_screenshot.png 2x" data-file-width="800" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/wiki/GNewSense" title="GNewSense">gNewSense</a>, 基於<a href="/wiki/Debian" title="Debian">Debian</a>的<a href="/wiki/GNU/Linux" class="mw-redirect" title="GNU/Linux">GNU/Linux</a>作業系統</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Parabola12.png" class="mw-file-description" title="Parabola GNU/Linux-libre, 基於Arch Linux的Linux發行版電腦作業系統"><img alt="Parabola GNU/Linux-libre, 基於Arch Linux的Linux發行版電腦作業系統" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Parabola12.png/120px-Parabola12.png" decoding="async" width="120" height="67" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Parabola12.png/180px-Parabola12.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Parabola12.png/240px-Parabola12.png 2x" data-file-width="1366" data-file-height="768" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/wiki/Parabola_GNU/Linux-libre" title="Parabola GNU/Linux-libre">Parabola GNU/Linux-libre</a>, 基於<a href="/wiki/Arch_Linux" title="Arch Linux">Arch Linux</a>的<a href="/wiki/Linux%E7%99%BC%E8%A1%8C%E7%89%88" class="mw-redirect" title="Linux發行版">Linux發行版</a>電腦<a href="/wiki/%E4%BD%9C%E6%A5%AD%E7%B3%BB%E7%B5%B1" class="mw-redirect" title="作業系統">作業系統</a></div> </li> </ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="商標"><span id=".E5.95.86.E6.A8.99"></span>商標</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=GNU&action=edit&section=4" title="编辑章节：商標"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul class="gallery mw-gallery-traditional"> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Gnu-30-banner-without-background.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="GNU 30周年紀念商標"><img alt="GNU 30周年紀念商標" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d8/Gnu-30-banner-without-background.svg/120px-Gnu-30-banner-without-background.svg.png" decoding="async" width="120" height="97" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d8/Gnu-30-banner-without-background.svg/180px-Gnu-30-banner-without-background.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d8/Gnu-30-banner-without-background.svg/240px-Gnu-30-banner-without-background.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="181" data-file-height="146" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">GNU 30周年紀念商標</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Gnu-color-reiss-head.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="上色版本"><img alt="上色版本" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/85/Gnu-color-reiss-head.jpg/120px-Gnu-color-reiss-head.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="117" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/85/Gnu-color-reiss-head.jpg/180px-Gnu-color-reiss-head.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/85/Gnu-color-reiss-head.jpg/240px-Gnu-color-reiss-head.jpg 2x" data-file-width="259" data-file-height="253" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">上色版本</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Heckert_GNU_white.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="粗體版本"><img alt="粗體版本" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/22/Heckert_GNU_white.svg/120px-Heckert_GNU_white.svg.png" decoding="async" width="120" height="117" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/22/Heckert_GNU_white.svg/180px-Heckert_GNU_white.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/22/Heckert_GNU_white.svg/240px-Heckert_GNU_white.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="535" data-file-height="523" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">粗體版本</div> </li> </ul> <p>GNU的商標是一个<a href="/wiki/%E7%89%9B%E7%BE%9A" class="mw-redirect" title="牛羚">牛羚</a>頭。<br />原先版本是Etienne Suvasa所設計，而今比較流行的粗體版本則是Aurelio Heckert所設計。 <sup id="cite_ref-28" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> GNU商標出現在GNU的電子文件中，也是<a href="/wiki/%E8%87%AA%E7%94%B1%E8%BB%9F%E9%AB%94%E5%9F%BA%E9%87%91%E6%9C%83" class="mw-redirect" title="自由軟體基金會">自由軟體基金會</a>的元素。 </p><p>30周年商標是原商標的修正版本，是由<a href="/wiki/%E8%87%AA%E7%94%B1%E8%BB%9F%E9%AB%94%E5%9F%BA%E9%87%91%E6%9C%83" class="mw-redirect" title="自由軟體基金會">自由軟體基金會</a>創作，其目的為慶祝30周年。 </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="参考文献"><span id=".E5.8F.82.E8.80.83.E6.96.87.E7.8C.AE"></span>参考文献</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=GNU&action=edit&section=5" title="编辑章节：参考文献"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="reflist columns references-column-count references-column-count-2" style="-moz-column-count: 2; -webkit-column-count: 2; column-count: 2; list-style-type: decimal;"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.gnu.org/licenses/">GNU Licenses</a>. <span class="reference-accessdate"> [<span class="nowrap">2019-04-25</span>]</span>. （原始内容<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190424011504/http://www.gnu.org/licenses/">存档</a>于2019-04-24）.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3AGNU&rft.btitle=GNU+Licenses&rft.genre=unknown&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.gnu.org%2Flicenses%2F&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.gnu.org/distros/free-system-distribution-guidelines.html">GNU FSDG</a>. <span class="reference-accessdate"> [<span class="nowrap">2019-04-25</span>]</span>. （原始内容<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20151208205726/https://www.gnu.org/distros/free-system-distribution-guidelines.html">存档</a>于2015-12-08）.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3AGNU&rft.btitle=GNU+FSDG&rft.genre=unknown&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.gnu.org%2Fdistros%2Ffree-system-distribution-guidelines.html&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation newsgroup">Stallman, Richard. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://groups.google.com/group/net.unix-wizards/msg/4dadd63a976019d7">new UNIX implementation</a>. <a href="/wiki/Usenet_newsgroup" class="mw-redirect" title="Usenet newsgroup">Newsgroup</a>: <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="news:net.unix-wizards">net.unix-wizards</a><span style="font-size:100%" class="error citation-comment"> 请检查<code style="color:inherit; border:inherit; padding:inherit;">|newsgroup=</code>值 (<a href="/wiki/Help:%E5%BC%95%E6%96%87%E6%A0%BC%E5%BC%8F1%E9%94%99%E8%AF%AF#bad_url" title="Help:引文格式1错误">帮助</a>)</span>. September 27, 1983 <span class="reference-accessdate"> [<span class="nowrap">August 18,</span> 2008]</span>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="news:771@mit-eddie.UUCP"><span title="Usenet">Usenet: 771@mit-eddie.UUCP</span></a>. （原始内容<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130513061605/http://groups.google.com/group/net.unix-wizards/msg/4dadd63a976019d7">存档</a>于2013-05-13）.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3AGNU&rft.aufirst=Richard&rft.aulast=Stallman&rft.btitle=new+UNIX+implementation&rft.date=1983-09-27&rft.genre=unknown&rft.pub=net.unix-wizards&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fgroups.google.com%2Fgroup%2Fnet.unix-wizards%2Fmsg%2F4dadd63a976019d7&rft_id=news%3A771%40mit-eddie.UUCP&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-internethist-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-internethist_4-0"><sup><b>4.0</b></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-internethist_4-1"><sup><b>4.1</b></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-internethist_4-2"><sup><b>4.2</b></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation book">Lambert, Laura. Poole, Hilary , 编. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=qi-ItIG6QLwC">The Internet: A Historical Encyclopedia. Biographies, Volume 1</a>. Santa Barbara, California: ABC-CLIO. 2005: 215–216 <span class="reference-accessdate"> [<span class="nowrap">2016-03-05</span>]</span>. <a href="/wiki/Special:%E7%BD%91%E7%BB%9C%E4%B9%A6%E6%BA%90/1-85109-664-7" title="Special:网络书源/1-85109-664-7"><span title="国际标准书号">ISBN</span> 1-85109-664-7</a>. （原始内容<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160416120952/https://books.google.com/books?id=qi-ItIG6QLwC">存档</a>于2016-04-16）.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3AGNU&rft.aufirst=Laura&rft.aulast=Lambert&rft.btitle=The+Internet%3A+A+Historical+Encyclopedia.+Biographies%2C+Volume+1&rft.date=2005&rft.genre=book&rft.isbn=1-85109-664-7&rft.pages=215-216&rft.place=Santa+Barbara%2C+California&rft.pub=ABC-CLIO&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3Dqi-ItIG6QLwC&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-rms-zagreb-talk-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-rms-zagreb-talk_5-0"><sup><b>5.0</b></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-rms-zagreb-talk_5-1"><sup><b>5.1</b></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation AV media"><a href="/wiki/Richard_Stallman" class="mw-redirect" title="Richard Stallman">Stallman, Richard</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://mjesec.ffzg.hr/~dpavlin/stallman2006/free_software_movement_and_the_future_of_freedom_zagreb_09_march_2006.ogg">The Free Software Movement and the Future of Freedom</a>. Zagreb, Croatia: <a href="/wiki/Free_Software_Foundation" class="mw-redirect" title="Free Software Foundation">FSF Europe</a>. March 9, 2006 <span class="reference-accessdate"> [<span class="nowrap">February 20,</span> 2007]</span>. （原始内容<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160303200636/http://mjesec.ffzg.hr/~dpavlin/stallman2006/free_software_movement_and_the_future_of_freedom_zagreb_09_march_2006.ogg">存档</a>于2016-03-03）. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://fsfeurope.org/documents/rms-fs-2006-03-09.en.html">简明摘要</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3AGNU&rft.aufirst=Richard&rft.aulast=Stallman&rft.btitle=The+Free+Software+Movement+and+the+Future+of+Freedom&rft.date=2006-03-09&rft.genre=unknown&rft.place=Zagreb%2C+Croatia&rft.pub=FSF+Europe&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fmjesec.ffzg.hr%2F~dpavlin%2Fstallman2006%2Ffree_software_movement_and_the_future_of_freedom_zagreb_09_march_2006.ogg&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-intervention-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-intervention_6-0"><sup><b>6.0</b></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-intervention_6-1"><sup><b>6.1</b></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation book">Holmevik, Jan Rune; Bogost, Ian; Ulmer, Gregory. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=jXC6H8lRjlUC">Inter/vention: Free Play in the Age of Electracy</a>. MIT Press. March 2012: 69–71 <span class="reference-accessdate"> [<span class="nowrap">2016-03-05</span>]</span>. <a href="/wiki/Special:%E7%BD%91%E7%BB%9C%E4%B9%A6%E6%BA%90/978-0-262-01705-3" title="Special:网络书源/978-0-262-01705-3"><span title="国际标准书号">ISBN</span> 978-0-262-01705-3</a>. （原始内容<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160422212155/https://books.google.com/books?id=jXC6H8lRjlUC">存档</a>于2016-04-22）.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3AGNU&rft.au=Bogost%2C+Ian&rft.au=Ulmer%2C+Gregory&rft.aufirst=Jan+Rune&rft.aulast=Holmevik&rft.btitle=Inter%2Fvention%3A+Free+Play+in+the+Age+of+Electracy&rft.date=2012-03&rft.genre=book&rft.isbn=978-0-262-01705-3&rft.pages=69-71&rft.pub=MIT+Press&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DjXC6H8lRjlUC&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-opensource2.0-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-opensource2.0_7-0"><sup><b>7.0</b></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-opensource2.0_7-1"><sup><b>7.1</b></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation book">DiBona, Chris; Stone, Mark; Cooper, Danese. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=q9GnNrq3e5EC&printsec=frontcover#v=onepage&q&f=false">Open Sources 2.0: The Continuing Evolution</a>. October 2005: 38–40 <span class="reference-accessdate"> [<span class="nowrap">2016-03-05</span>]</span>. <a href="/wiki/Special:%E7%BD%91%E7%BB%9C%E4%B9%A6%E6%BA%90/9780596008024" title="Special:网络书源/9780596008024"><span title="国际标准书号">ISBN</span> 9780596008024</a>. （原始内容<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160405093143/https://books.google.com/books?id=q9GnNrq3e5EC&printsec=frontcover#v=onepage&q&f=false">存档</a>于2016-04-05）.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3AGNU&rft.au=Cooper%2C+Danese&rft.au=Stone%2C+Mark&rft.aufirst=Chris&rft.aulast=DiBona&rft.btitle=Open+Sources+2.0%3A+The+Continuing+Evolution&rft.date=2005-10&rft.genre=book&rft.isbn=9780596008024&rft.pages=38-40&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3Dq9GnNrq3e5EC%26printsec%3Dfrontcover%23v%3Donepage%26q%26f%3Dfalse&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-8">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160303214913/http://laurel.datsi.fi.upm.es/~ssoo/IG/download/timeline.html">Timeline of GNU/Linux and Unix</a>. <span class="reference-accessdate"> [<span class="nowrap">2016-03-05</span>]</span>. （<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://laurel.datsi.fi.upm.es/~ssoo/IG/download/timeline.html">原始内容</a>存档于2016-03-03）. <q>Both C and Lisp will be available as system programming languages.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3AGNU&rft.btitle=Timeline+of+GNU%2FLinux+and+Unix&rft.genre=unknown&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Flaurel.datsi.fi.upm.es%2F~ssoo%2FIG%2Fdownload%2Ftimeline.html&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-9">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation book">Seebach, Peter. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=53zaxy423xcC&printsec=frontcover#v=onepage&q&f=false">Beginning Portable Shell Scripting: From Novice to Professional (Expert's Voice in Open Source)</a>. November 2008: 177–178 <span class="reference-accessdate"> [<span class="nowrap">2016-03-05</span>]</span>. <a href="/wiki/Special:%E7%BD%91%E7%BB%9C%E4%B9%A6%E6%BA%90/9781430210436" title="Special:网络书源/9781430210436"><span title="国际标准书号">ISBN</span> 9781430210436</a>. （原始内容<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160413190136/https://books.google.com/books?id=53zaxy423xcC&printsec=frontcover#v=onepage&q&f=false">存档</a>于2016-04-13）.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3AGNU&rft.aufirst=Peter&rft.aulast=Seebach&rft.btitle=Beginning+Portable+Shell+Scripting%3A+From+Novice+to+Professional+%28Expert%27s+Voice+in+Open+Source%29&rft.date=2008-11&rft.genre=book&rft.isbn=9781430210436&rft.pages=177-178&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D53zaxy423xcC%26printsec%3Dfrontcover%23v%3Donepage%26q%26f%3Dfalse&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-linuxinterface-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-linuxinterface_10-0"><sup><b>10.0</b></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-linuxinterface_10-1"><sup><b>10.1</b></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation book">Kerrisk, Michael. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=Ps2SH727eCIC&printsec=frontcover#v=onepage&q&f=false">The Linux Programming Interface: A Linux and UNIX System Programming Handbook</a>. October 2010: 5–6 <span class="reference-accessdate"> [<span class="nowrap">2016-03-05</span>]</span>. <a href="/wiki/Special:%E7%BD%91%E7%BB%9C%E4%B9%A6%E6%BA%90/9781593272203" title="Special:网络书源/9781593272203"><span title="国际标准书号">ISBN</span> 9781593272203</a>. （原始内容<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160403112449/https://books.google.com/books?id=Ps2SH727eCIC&printsec=frontcover#v=onepage&q&f=false">存档</a>于2016-04-03）.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3AGNU&rft.aufirst=Michael&rft.aulast=Kerrisk&rft.btitle=The+Linux+Programming+Interface%3A+A+Linux+and+UNIX+System+Programming+Handbook&rft.date=2010-10&rft.genre=book&rft.isbn=9781593272203&rft.pages=5-6&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DPs2SH727eCIC%26printsec%3Dfrontcover%23v%3Donepage%26q%26f%3Dfalse&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-cygnus-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-cygnus_11-0"><sup><b>11.0</b></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-cygnus_11-1"><sup><b>11.1</b></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation book"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://oreilly.com/catalog/opensources/book/tiemans.html">Open Sources: Voices from the Open Source Revolution</a>. O'Reilly & Associates, Inc. January 1999 <span class="reference-accessdate"> [<span class="nowrap">2016-03-05</span>]</span>. <a href="/wiki/Special:%E7%BD%91%E7%BB%9C%E4%B9%A6%E6%BA%90/1-56592-582-3" title="Special:网络书源/1-56592-582-3"><span title="国际标准书号">ISBN</span> 1-56592-582-3</a>. （原始内容<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140827141614/http://oreilly.com/catalog/opensources/book/tiemans.html">存档</a>于2014-08-27）.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3AGNU&rft.btitle=Open+Sources%3A+Voices+from+the+Open+Source+Revolution&rft.date=1999-01&rft.genre=book&rft.isbn=1-56592-582-3&rft.pub=O%27Reilly+%26+Associates%2C+Inc.&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Foreilly.com%2Fcatalog%2Fopensources%2Fbook%2Ftiemans.html&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-12">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation book">Buxmann, Peter; Diefenbach, Heiner; Hess, Thomas. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=LlCnYt2snHYC&printsec=frontcover#v=onepage&q&f=false">The Software Industry</a>. 2012-09-30: 187–196 <span class="reference-accessdate"> [<span class="nowrap">2016-03-05</span>]</span>. <a href="/wiki/Special:%E7%BD%91%E7%BB%9C%E4%B9%A6%E6%BA%90/9783642315091" title="Special:网络书源/9783642315091"><span title="国际标准书号">ISBN</span> 9783642315091</a>. （原始内容<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160414195322/https://books.google.com/books?id=LlCnYt2snHYC&printsec=frontcover#v=onepage&q&f=false">存档</a>于2016-04-14）.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3AGNU&rft.au=Diefenbach%2C+Heiner&rft.au=Hess%2C+Thomas&rft.aufirst=Peter&rft.aulast=Buxmann&rft.btitle=The+Software+Industry&rft.date=2012-09-30&rft.genre=book&rft.isbn=9783642315091&rft.pages=187-196&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DLlCnYt2snHYC%26printsec%3Dfrontcover%23v%3Donepage%26q%26f%3Dfalse&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-13">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation book"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/?id=50maN7VmpusC&printsec=frontcover#v=onepage&q&f=false">Practical UNIX and Internet Security, 3rd Edition</a>. O'Reilly & Associates, Inc. February 2003: 18. <a href="/wiki/Special:%E7%BD%91%E7%BB%9C%E4%B9%A6%E6%BA%90/9781449310127" title="Special:网络书源/9781449310127"><span title="国际标准书号">ISBN</span> 9781449310127</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3AGNU&rft.btitle=Practical+UNIX+and+Internet+Security%2C+3rd+Edition&rft.date=2003-02&rft.genre=book&rft.isbn=9781449310127&rft.pages=18&rft.pub=O%27Reilly+%26+Associates%2C+Inc.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2F%3Fid%3D50maN7VmpusC%26printsec%3Dfrontcover%23v%3Donepage%26q%26f%3Dfalse&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-handbookonopensource-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-handbookonopensource_14-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation book">St. Amant, Kirk; Still, Brian. Handbook of Research on Open Source Software: Technological, Economic, and Social Perspectives. <a href="/wiki/Special:%E7%BD%91%E7%BB%9C%E4%B9%A6%E6%BA%90/1-59140999-3" title="Special:网络书源/1-59140999-3"><span title="国际标准书号">ISBN</span> 1-59140999-3</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3AGNU&rft.au=Still%2C+Brian&rft.aufirst=Kirk&rft.aulast=St.+Amant&rft.btitle=Handbook+of+Research+on+Open+Source+Software%3A+Technological%2C+Economic%2C+and+Social+Perspectives&rft.genre=book&rft.isbn=1-59140999-3&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-15">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150316191013/http://developer.amd.com/tools-and-sdks/archive/gcc-and-gnu-toolchains-for-amd-platforms/">GCC & GNU Toolchains - AMD</a>. Developer.amd.com. <span class="reference-accessdate"> [<span class="nowrap">2015-09-02</span>]</span>. （<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://developer.amd.com/tools-and-sdks/archive/gcc-and-gnu-toolchains-for-amd-platforms/">原始内容</a>存档于2015-03-16）.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3AGNU&rft.btitle=GCC+%26+GNU+Toolchains+-+AMD&rft.genre=unknown&rft.pub=Developer.amd.com&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fdeveloper.amd.com%2Ftools-and-sdks%2Farchive%2Fgcc-and-gnu-toolchains-for-amd-platforms%2F&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-16">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation book">Sowe, Sulayman K; Stamelos, Ioannis G; Samoladas, Ioannis M. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=7MhTb9X4aYgC&printsec=frontcover#v=onepage&q&f=false">Emerging Free and Open Source Software Practices</a>. May 2007: 262–264 <span class="reference-accessdate"> [<span class="nowrap">2016-03-05</span>]</span>. <a href="/wiki/Special:%E7%BD%91%E7%BB%9C%E4%B9%A6%E6%BA%90/9781599042107" title="Special:网络书源/9781599042107"><span title="国际标准书号">ISBN</span> 9781599042107</a>. （原始内容<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160407002527/https://books.google.com/books?id=7MhTb9X4aYgC&printsec=frontcover#v=onepage&q&f=false">存档</a>于2016-04-07）.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3AGNU&rft.au=Samoladas%2C+Ioannis+M&rft.au=Stamelos%2C+Ioannis+G&rft.aufirst=Sulayman+K&rft.aulast=Sowe&rft.btitle=Emerging+Free+and+Open+Source+Software+Practices&rft.date=2007-05&rft.genre=book&rft.isbn=9781599042107&rft.pages=262-264&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D7MhTb9X4aYgC%26printsec%3Dfrontcover%23v%3Donepage%26q%26f%3Dfalse&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-17">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20171211040818/https://www.buzzle.com/articles/linux-history-and-introduction.html">Linux: History and Introduction</a>. Buzzle.com. 1991-08-25 <span class="reference-accessdate"> [<span class="nowrap">2012-09-22</span>]</span>. （<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.buzzle.com/articles/linux-history-and-introduction.html">原始内容</a>存档于2017-12-11）.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3AGNU&rft.btitle=Linux%3A+History+and+Introduction&rft.date=1991-08-25&rft.genre=unknown&rft.pub=Buzzle.com&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.buzzle.com%2Farticles%2Flinux-history-and-introduction.html&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-18">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation book">McCune, Mike. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=0SM3PEH9gagC&printsec=frontcover#v=onepage&q&f=false">Integrating Linux and Windows</a>. December 2000: 30 <span class="reference-accessdate"> [<span class="nowrap">2016-03-05</span>]</span>. <a href="/wiki/Special:%E7%BD%91%E7%BB%9C%E4%B9%A6%E6%BA%90/9780130306708" title="Special:网络书源/9780130306708"><span title="国际标准书号">ISBN</span> 9780130306708</a>. （原始内容<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160401193116/https://books.google.com/books?id=0SM3PEH9gagC&printsec=frontcover#v=onepage&q&f=false">存档</a>于2016-04-01）.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3AGNU&rft.aufirst=Mike&rft.aulast=McCune&rft.btitle=Integrating+Linux+and+Windows&rft.date=2000-12&rft.genre=book&rft.isbn=9780130306708&rft.pages=30&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D0SM3PEH9gagC%26printsec%3Dfrontcover%23v%3Donepage%26q%26f%3Dfalse&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-19"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-19">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation book">Sobell, Mark G; Seebach, Peter. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=o9K8KEQic5sC&printsec=frontcover#v=onepage&q&f=false">A Practical Guide To Unix For Mac Os X Users</a>. 2005: 4 <span class="reference-accessdate"> [<span class="nowrap">2016-03-05</span>]</span>. <a href="/wiki/Special:%E7%BD%91%E7%BB%9C%E4%B9%A6%E6%BA%90/9780131863330" title="Special:网络书源/9780131863330"><span title="国际标准书号">ISBN</span> 9780131863330</a>. （原始内容<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160412160136/https://books.google.com/books?id=o9K8KEQic5sC&printsec=frontcover#v=onepage&q&f=false">存档</a>于2016-04-12）.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3AGNU&rft.au=Seebach%2C+Peter&rft.aufirst=Mark+G&rft.aulast=Sobell&rft.btitle=A+Practical+Guide+To+Unix+For+Mac+Os+X+Users&rft.date=2005&rft.genre=book&rft.isbn=9780131863330&rft.pages=4&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3Do9K8KEQic5sC%26printsec%3Dfrontcover%23v%3Donepage%26q%26f%3Dfalse&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-20"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-20">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://ftp.cs.wisc.edu/pub/paradyn/technical_papers/fuzz-revisited.ps">Fuzz Revisited: A Re-examination of the Reliability of UNIX Utilities and Services</a> （<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//web.archive.org/web/20110521152300/http://ftp.cs.wisc.edu/pub/paradyn/technical_papers/fuzz-revisited.ps">页面存档备份</a>，存于<a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%92%E8%81%94%E7%BD%91%E6%A1%A3%E6%A1%88%E9%A6%86" title="互联网档案馆">互联网档案馆</a>） - October 1995 - Computer Sciences Department,University of Wisconsin</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-21"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-21">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.gnu.org/software/software.html">Software - GNU Project - Free Software Foundation</a>. Free Software Foundation, Inc. 2016-01-13 <span class="reference-accessdate"> [<span class="nowrap">2022-01-21</span>]</span>. （原始内容<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20151225191933/http://www.gnu.org/software/software.html">存档</a>于2015-12-25）.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3AGNU&rft.btitle=Software+-+GNU+Project+-+Free+Software+Foundation&rft.date=2016-01-13&rft.genre=unknown&rft.pub=Free+Software+Foundation%2C+Inc&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.gnu.org%2Fsoftware%2Fsoftware.html&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-22"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-22">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://directory.fsf.org/wiki/GNU_Linux-libre">GNU Linux-libre</a>. 2012-12-17 <span class="reference-accessdate"> [<span class="nowrap">2013-02-09</span>]</span>. （原始内容<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130228054433/http://directory.fsf.org/wiki/GNU_Linux-libre">存档</a>于2013-02-28）.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3AGNU&rft.btitle=GNU+Linux-libre&rft.date=2012-12-17&rft.genre=unknown&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fdirectory.fsf.org%2Fwiki%2FGNU_Linux-libre&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-23"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-23">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation book">Kavanagh, Paul. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=CHkHNChvPqIC">Open Source Software: Implementation and Management</a>. 2004-07-26: 129 <span class="reference-accessdate"> [<span class="nowrap">2016-03-05</span>]</span>. <a href="/wiki/Special:%E7%BD%91%E7%BB%9C%E4%B9%A6%E6%BA%90/978-1-55558320-0" title="Special:网络书源/978-1-55558320-0"><span title="国际标准书号">ISBN</span> 978-1-55558320-0</a>. （原始内容<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160403084414/https://books.google.com/books?id=CHkHNChvPqIC">存档</a>于2016-04-03）.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3AGNU&rft.aufirst=Paul&rft.aulast=Kavanagh&rft.btitle=Open+Source+Software%3A+Implementation+and+Management&rft.date=2004-07-26&rft.genre=book&rft.isbn=978-1-55558320-0&rft.pages=129&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DCHkHNChvPqIC&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-24"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-24">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation newsgroup">Welsh, Matt. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://groups.google.com/group/comp.os.linux.misc/msg/1241a2919efc4bc3">Linux is a GNU system and the DWARF support</a>. <a href="/wiki/Usenet_newsgroup" class="mw-redirect" title="Usenet newsgroup">Newsgroup</a>: <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="news:comp.os.linux.misc">comp.os.linux.misc</a>. 8 September 1994 <span class="reference-accessdate"> [<span class="nowrap">3 February</span> 2008]</span>. （原始内容<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20121110141544/http://groups.google.com/group/comp.os.linux.misc/msg/1241a2919efc4bc3">存档</a>于2012-11-10）. <q>RMS's idea (which I have heard first-hand) is that Linux systems should be considered GNU systems with Linux as the kernel.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3AGNU&rft.aufirst=Matt&rft.aulast=Welsh&rft.btitle=Linux+is+a+GNU+system+and+the+DWARF+support&rft.date=1994-09-08&rft.genre=unknown&rft.pub=comp.os.linux.misc&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fgroups.google.com%2Fgroup%2Fcomp.os.linux.misc%2Fmsg%2F1241a2919efc4bc3&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-25"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-25">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web">Proffitt, Brian. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.itworld.com/it-managementstrategy/285750/debian-gnulinux-seeks-alignment-free-software-foundation">Debian GNU/Linux seeks alignment with Free Software Foundation</a>. ITworld. 2012-07-12 <span class="reference-accessdate"> [<span class="nowrap">2012-09-22</span>]</span>. （原始内容<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120917154104/http://www.itworld.com/it-managementstrategy/285750/debian-gnulinux-seeks-alignment-free-software-foundation">存档</a>于2012-09-17）.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3AGNU&rft.atitle=Debian+GNU%2FLinux+seeks+alignment+with+Free+Software+Foundation&rft.aufirst=Brian&rft.aulast=Proffitt&rft.date=2012-07-12&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=ITworld&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.itworld.com%2Fit-managementstrategy%2F285750%2Fdebian-gnulinux-seeks-alignment-free-software-foundation&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-26"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-26">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120816002411/http://tldp.org/LDP/sag/html/gnu-or-not.html">1.1. Linux or GNU/Linux, that is the question</a>. SAG. TLDP. <span class="reference-accessdate"> [<span class="nowrap">2012-09-22</span>]</span>. （<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.tldp.org/LDP/sag/html/gnu-or-not.html">原始内容</a>存档于2012-08-16）.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3AGNU&rft.atitle=1.1.+Linux+or+GNU%2FLinux%2C+that+is+the+question&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=SAG&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.tldp.org%2FLDP%2Fsag%2Fhtml%2Fgnu-or-not.html&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-27"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-27">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.gnu.org/distros/free-distros.html">List of Free GNU/Linux Distributions</a>, GNU Project, Free Software Foundation (FSF), <span class="reference-accessdate"> [<span class="nowrap">2016-03-05</span>]</span>, （原始内容<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160202065527/http://www.gnu.org/distros/free-distros.html">存档</a>于2016-02-02）</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3AGNU&rft.atitle=List+of+Free+GNU%2FLinux+Distributions&rft.btitle=GNU+Project&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.pub=Free+Software+Foundation+%28FSF%29&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.gnu.org%2Fdistros%2Ffree-distros.html&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-28"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-28">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.gnu.org/graphics/agnuhead.html">A GNU Head</a>. Free Software Foundation (FSF). 2011-07-13 <span class="reference-accessdate"> [<span class="nowrap">2011-07-27</span>]</span>. （原始内容<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110728023934/http://www.gnu.org/graphics/agnuhead.html">存档</a>于2011-07-28）.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3AGNU&rft.btitle=A+GNU+Head&rft.date=2011-07-13&rft.genre=unknown&rft.pub=Free+Software+Foundation+%28FSF%29&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.gnu.org%2Fgraphics%2Fagnuhead.html&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> </ol></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="参见"><span id=".E5.8F.82.E8.A7.81"></span>参见</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=GNU&action=edit&section=6" title="编辑章节：参见"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div role="navigation" 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style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="collapsible-title navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r84265675"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r84244141">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output 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href="/wiki/UNIX" title="UNIX">Unix</a>及<a href="/wiki/%E7%B1%BBUnix%E7%B3%BB%E7%BB%9F" title="类Unix系统">类Unix</a><a href="/wiki/%E6%93%8D%E4%BD%9C%E7%B3%BB%E7%BB%9F" title="操作系统">操作系统</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/A/UX" title="A/UX">A/UX</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/IBM_AIX" title="IBM AIX">AIX</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/BlackBerry_10" title="BlackBerry 10">BlackBerry 10</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/BSD" title="BSD">BSD</a> <ul><li><i><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="386BSD" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="386BSD"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=386BSD&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="386BSD（页面不存在）">386BSD</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/386BSD" class="extiw" title="en:386BSD"><span lang="en" dir="auto">386BSD</span></a></span>）</span></span></i> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/DragonFly_BSD" title="DragonFly BSD">DragonFly BSD</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/FreeBSD" title="FreeBSD">FreeBSD</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/NetBSD" title="NetBSD">NetBSD</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/OpenBSD" title="OpenBSD">OpenBSD</a></li></ul></li></ul></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="Coherent (操作系统)" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Coherent_(operating_system)"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Coherent_(%E6%93%8D%E4%BD%9C%E7%B3%BB%E7%BB%9F)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Coherent (操作系统)（页面不存在）">Coherent</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coherent_(operating_system)" class="extiw" title="en:Coherent (operating system)"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Coherent_(operating_system)</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">GNU</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/HP-UX" title="HP-UX">HP-UX</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Linux" title="Linux">Linux</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Android" title="Android">Android</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ChromeOS" title="ChromeOS">ChromeOS</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/LynxOS" title="LynxOS">LynxOS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/MINIX" title="MINIX">MINIX</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/NeXTSTEP" title="NeXTSTEP">NeXTSTEP</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/MacOS" title="MacOS">macOS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Darwin_(%E6%93%8D%E4%BD%9C%E7%B3%BB%E7%BB%9F)" title="Darwin (操作系统)">Darwin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/IOS" title="IOS">iOS</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%B2%9D%E7%88%BE%E5%AF%A6%E9%A9%97%E5%AE%A4%E4%B9%9D%E8%99%9F%E8%A8%88%E7%95%AB" title="貝爾實驗室九號計畫">Plan 9</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/QNX" title="QNX">QNX</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Redox" title="Redox">Redox</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Research_Unix" title="Research Unix">Research Unix</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/SCO_OpenServer" class="mw-redirect" title="SCO OpenServer">SCO OpenServer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Solaris" title="Solaris">Solaris</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/SunOS" title="SunOS">SunOS</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/UNIX_System_III" title="UNIX System III">System III</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/UNIX_System_V" title="UNIX System V">System V</a></i> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/IRIX" title="IRIX">IRIX</a></i></li></ul></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="Tru64 UNIX" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Tru64 UNIX"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tru64_UNIX&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Tru64 UNIX（页面不存在）">Tru64 UNIX</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tru64_UNIX" class="extiw" title="en:Tru64 UNIX"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Tru64 UNIX</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><i><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="Ultrix" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Ultrix"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ultrix&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ultrix（页面不存在）">Ultrix</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ultrix" class="extiw" title="en:Ultrix"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Ultrix</span></a></span>）</span></span></i></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="UnixWare" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="UnixWare"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=UnixWare&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="UnixWare（页面不存在）">UnixWare</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/UnixWare" class="extiw" title="en:UnixWare"><span lang="en" dir="auto">UnixWare</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Xenix" title="Xenix">Xenix</a></i></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="Unix操作系统列表" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="List_of_Unix_systems"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Unix%E6%93%8D%E4%BD%9C%E7%B3%BB%E7%BB%9F%E5%88%97%E8%A1%A8&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Unix操作系统列表（页面不存在）">更多...</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_Unix_systems" class="extiw" title="en:List of Unix systems"><span lang="en" dir="auto">List_of_Unix_systems</span></a></span>）</span></span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e0/Symbol_question.svg/16px-Symbol_question.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e0/Symbol_question.svg/23px-Symbol_question.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e0/Symbol_question.svg/31px-Symbol_question.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /></span></span> <b><a href="/wiki/Category:Unix" title="Category:Unix">分类</a></b></li> <li><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="共享资源页面"><img alt="共享资源页面" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/12px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="12" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/18px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/24px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></span></span> <b><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Unix" class="extiw" title="commons:Unix">共享资源</a></b></li> <li><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="维基百科图书"><img alt="维基百科图书" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/89/Symbol_book_class2.svg/16px-Symbol_book_class2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/89/Symbol_book_class2.svg/23px-Symbol_book_class2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/89/Symbol_book_class2.svg/31px-Symbol_book_class2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /></span></span> <b><a href="https://zh.wikibooks.org/wiki/Unix" class="extiw" title="b:Unix">教科书</a></b></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r84265675"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r84261037"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="自由及开放源代码软件" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="collapsible-title navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r84265675"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r84244141"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:FOSS" title="Template:FOSS"><abbr title="查看该模板">查</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Template_talk:FOSS&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Template talk:FOSS（页面不存在）"><abbr title="讨论该模板">论</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:%E7%BC%96%E8%BE%91%E9%A1%B5%E9%9D%A2/Template:FOSS" title="Special:编辑页面/Template:FOSS"><abbr title="编辑该模板">编</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="自由及开放源代码软件" style="font-size:110%;margin:0 5em"><a href="/wiki/%E8%87%AA%E7%94%B1%E5%8F%8A%E5%BC%80%E6%94%BE%E6%BA%90%E4%BB%A3%E7%A0%81%E8%BD%AF%E4%BB%B6" title="自由及开放源代码软件">自由及开放源代码软件</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">常见概念与条目</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"><a href="/wiki/%E8%87%AA%E7%94%B1%E8%BD%AF%E4%BB%B6" title="自由软件">自由软件</a>及其<a href="/wiki/%E8%87%AA%E7%94%B1%E8%BD%AF%E4%BB%B6#自由軟體的定義" title="自由软件">定義</a>、<span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="自由软件的替代术语" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Alternative terms for free software"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%87%AA%E7%94%B1%E8%BD%AF%E4%BB%B6%E7%9A%84%E6%9B%BF%E4%BB%A3%E6%9C%AF%E8%AF%AD&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="自由软件的替代术语（页面不存在）">其他称谓</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alternative_terms_for_free_software" class="extiw" title="en:Alternative terms for free software"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Alternative terms for free software</span></a></span>）</span></span><span style="font-weight:bold;"> ·</span>  <span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="開放原始碼和封閉原始碼的比較" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Comparison of open source and closed source"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E9%96%8B%E6%94%BE%E5%8E%9F%E5%A7%8B%E7%A2%BC%E5%92%8C%E5%B0%81%E9%96%89%E5%8E%9F%E5%A7%8B%E7%A2%BC%E7%9A%84%E6%AF%94%E8%BC%83&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="開放原始碼和封閉原始碼的比較（页面不存在）">與封閉原始碼的比較</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Comparison_of_open_source_and_closed_source" class="extiw" title="en:Comparison of open source and closed source"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Comparison of open source and closed source</span></a></span>）</span></span><span style="font-weight:bold;"> ·</span>  <a href="/wiki/%E5%BC%80%E6%BA%90%E8%BD%AF%E4%BB%B6" title="开源软件">开源软件</a>及其<span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="开源软件开发" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Open-source software development"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%BC%80%E6%BA%90%E8%BD%AF%E4%BB%B6%E5%BC%80%E5%8F%91&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="开源软件开发（页面不存在）">开发</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Open-source_software_development" class="extiw" title="en:Open-source software development"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Open-source software development</span></a></span>）</span></span><span style="font-weight:bold;"> ·</span>  <a href="/wiki/%E8%87%AA%E7%94%B1%E8%BD%AF%E4%BB%B6%E6%89%98%E7%AE%A1%E6%9C%8D%E5%8A%A1%E6%AF%94%E8%BE%83" title="自由软件托管服务比较">自由软件托管服务比较</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> ·</span>  自由软件<span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="自由软件项目列表" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="List of free software project directories"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%87%AA%E7%94%B1%E8%BD%AF%E4%BB%B6%E9%A1%B9%E7%9B%AE%E5%88%97%E8%A1%A8&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="自由软件项目列表（页面不存在）">项目列表</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_free_software_project_directories" class="extiw" title="en:List of free software project directories"><span lang="en" dir="auto">List of free software project directories</span></a></span>）</span></span>与<a href="/wiki/%E8%87%AA%E7%94%B1%E5%8F%8A%E5%BC%80%E6%94%BE%E6%BA%90%E4%BB%A3%E7%A0%81%E8%BD%AF%E4%BB%B6%E5%88%97%E8%A1%A8" title="自由及开放源代码软件列表">软件列表</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> ·</span>  <span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="“免费”与“自由”的差别" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Gratis versus libre"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E2%80%9C%E5%85%8D%E8%B4%B9%E2%80%9D%E4%B8%8E%E2%80%9C%E8%87%AA%E7%94%B1%E2%80%9D%E7%9A%84%E5%B7%AE%E5%88%AB&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="“免费”与“自由”的差别（页面不存在）">“免费”与“自由”的差别</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gratis_versus_libre" class="extiw" title="en:Gratis versus libre"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Gratis versus libre</span></a></span>）</span></span><span style="font-weight:bold;"> ·</span>  <a href="/wiki/%E9%95%B7%E6%9C%9F%E6%94%AF%E6%8F%B4" title="長期支援">長期支援</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> ·</span>  <span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="自由软件大纲" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Outline of free software"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%87%AA%E7%94%B1%E8%BD%AF%E4%BB%B6%E5%A4%A7%E7%BA%B2&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="自由软件大纲（页面不存在）">自由软件大纲</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Outline_of_free_software" class="extiw" title="en:Outline of free software"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Outline of free software</span></a></span>）</span></span></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/%E5%BC%80%E6%BA%90%E6%93%8D%E4%BD%9C%E7%B3%BB%E7%BB%9F%E6%AF%94%E8%BE%83" title="开源操作系统比较">操作系统（内核）</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="AROS Research Operating System" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="AROS"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=AROS_Research_Operating_System&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="AROS Research Operating System（页面不存在）">AROS Research Operating System</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/AROS" class="extiw" title="en:AROS"><span lang="en" dir="auto">AROS</span></a></span>）</span></span><span style="font-weight:bold;"> ·</span>  <a href="/wiki/BSD" title="BSD">BSD</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> ·</span>  <a href="/wiki/Apple_Darwin" class="mw-redirect" title="Apple Darwin">Darwin</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> ·</span>  <a href="/wiki/FreeDOS" title="FreeDOS">FreeDOS</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> ·</span>  <a href="/wiki/GNU_Hurd" title="GNU Hurd">GNU Hurd</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> ·</span>  <a href="/wiki/Haiku" title="Haiku">Haiku</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> ·</span>  <a href="/wiki/Inferno_(%E7%BD%91%E7%AB%99%E6%9C%8D%E5%8A%A1)" title="Inferno (网站服务)">Inferno</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> ·</span>  <a href="/wiki/Linux" title="Linux">Linux</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> ·</span>  <a href="/wiki/Mach" title="Mach">Mach</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> ·</span>  <a href="/wiki/Minix" class="mw-redirect" title="Minix">Minix</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> ·</span>  <a href="/wiki/OpenSolaris" title="OpenSolaris">OpenSolaris</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> ·</span>  <a href="/wiki/%E8%B2%9D%E7%88%BE%E5%AF%A6%E9%A9%97%E5%AE%A4%E4%B9%9D%E8%99%9F%E8%A8%88%E5%8A%83" class="mw-redirect" title="貝爾實驗室九號計劃">Plan 9</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> ·</span>  <a href="/wiki/ReactOS" title="ReactOS">ReactOS</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> ·</span>  <a href="/wiki/Symbian" title="Symbian">Symbian</a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/%E8%87%AA%E7%94%B1%E5%8F%8A%E5%BC%80%E6%94%BE%E6%BA%90%E4%BB%A3%E7%A0%81%E8%BD%AF%E4%BB%B6%E5%88%97%E8%A1%A8" title="自由及开放源代码软件列表">软件列表</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="开源编程语言许可的比较" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Comparison of open-source programming language licensing"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%BC%80%E6%BA%90%E7%BC%96%E7%A8%8B%E8%AF%AD%E8%A8%80%E8%AE%B8%E5%8F%AF%E7%9A%84%E6%AF%94%E8%BE%83&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="开源编程语言许可的比较（页面不存在）">软件开发</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Comparison_of_open-source_programming_language_licensing" class="extiw" title="en:Comparison of open-source programming language licensing"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Comparison of open-source programming language licensing</span></a></span>）</span></span><span style="font-weight:bold;"> ·</span>  <span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="开源生物信息学软件列表" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="List of open-source bioinformatics software"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%BC%80%E6%BA%90%E7%94%9F%E7%89%A9%E4%BF%A1%E6%81%AF%E5%AD%A6%E8%BD%AF%E4%BB%B6%E5%88%97%E8%A1%A8&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="开源生物信息学软件列表（页面不存在）">生物信息学</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_open-source_bioinformatics_software" class="extiw" title="en:List of open-source bioinformatics software"><span lang="en" dir="auto">List of open-source bioinformatics software</span></a></span>）</span></span><span style="font-weight:bold;"> ·</span>  <span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="开源数学软件列表" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="List of open-source software for mathematics"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%BC%80%E6%BA%90%E6%95%B0%E5%AD%A6%E8%BD%AF%E4%BB%B6%E5%88%97%E8%A1%A8&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="开源数学软件列表（页面不存在）">数学</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_open-source_software_for_mathematics" class="extiw" title="en:List of open-source software for mathematics"><span lang="en" dir="auto">List of open-source software for mathematics</span></a></span>）</span></span><span style="font-weight:bold;"> ·</span>  <a href="/wiki/%E6%96%87%E5%AD%97%E8%99%95%E7%90%86%E5%99%A8%E5%88%97%E8%A1%A8#自由軟體" title="文字處理器列表">文字处理软件</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> ·</span>  <span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="自由（开源）音频软件间的比较" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Comparison of free software for audio"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%87%AA%E7%94%B1%EF%BC%88%E5%BC%80%E6%BA%90%EF%BC%89%E9%9F%B3%E9%A2%91%E8%BD%AF%E4%BB%B6%E9%97%B4%E7%9A%84%E6%AF%94%E8%BE%83&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="自由（开源）音频软件间的比较（页面不存在）">音频</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Comparison_of_free_software_for_audio" class="extiw" title="en:Comparison of free software for audio"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Comparison of free software for audio</span></a></span>）</span></span><span style="font-weight:bold;"> ·</span>  <span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="商业开源应用与服务列表" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="List of commercial open-source applications and services"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%95%86%E4%B8%9A%E5%BC%80%E6%BA%90%E5%BA%94%E7%94%A8%E4%B8%8E%E6%9C%8D%E5%8A%A1%E5%88%97%E8%A1%A8&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="商业开源应用与服务列表（页面不存在）">商业软件</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_commercial_open-source_applications_and_services" class="extiw" title="en:List of commercial open-source applications and services"><span lang="en" dir="auto">List of commercial open-source applications and services</span></a></span>）</span></span></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/%E8%87%AA%E7%94%B1%E8%BD%AF%E4%BB%B6%E5%8E%86%E5%8F%B2" title="自由软件历史">歷史</a>与运动</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"><a class="mw-selflink-fragment" href="#簡歷">GNU</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> ·</span> <a href="/wiki/Haiku" title="Haiku">Haiku</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> ·</span> <a href="/wiki/Linux#歷史" title="Linux">Linux</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> ·</span>  <a href="/wiki/Mozilla" title="Mozilla">Mozilla</a> (<a href="/wiki/Mozilla_Application_Suite#Mozilla的歷史" title="Mozilla Application Suite">Application Suite</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> ·</span> <a href="/wiki/Firefox%E7%89%88%E6%9C%AC%E5%88%97%E8%A1%A8" title="Firefox版本列表">Firefox</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> ·</span>  <a href="/wiki/Mozilla_Thunderbird#歷史" title="Mozilla Thunderbird">Thunderbird</a>)<span style="font-weight:bold;"> ·</span>  <a href="/wiki/%E8%87%AA%E7%94%B1%E8%BD%AF%E4%BB%B6%E8%BF%90%E5%8A%A8" title="自由软件运动">自由软件运动</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> ·</span>  <span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="开源软件运动" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Open-source software movement"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%BC%80%E6%BA%90%E8%BD%AF%E4%BB%B6%E8%BF%90%E5%8A%A8&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="开源软件运动（页面不存在）">开源软件运动</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Open-source_software_movement" class="extiw" title="en:Open-source software movement"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Open-source software movement</span></a></span>）</span></span><span style="font-weight:bold;"> ·</span>  <span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="自由软件大事记" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="List of free-software events"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%87%AA%E7%94%B1%E8%BD%AF%E4%BB%B6%E5%A4%A7%E4%BA%8B%E8%AE%B0&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="自由软件大事记（页面不存在）">大事记</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_free-software_events" class="extiw" title="en:List of free-software events"><span lang="en" dir="auto">List of free-software events</span></a></span>）</span></span></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="自由与开源软件组织列表" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="List of free and open-source software organizations"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%87%AA%E7%94%B1%E4%B8%8E%E5%BC%80%E6%BA%90%E8%BD%AF%E4%BB%B6%E7%BB%84%E7%BB%87%E5%88%97%E8%A1%A8&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="自由与开源软件组织列表（页面不存在）">组织</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_free_and_open-source_software_organizations" class="extiw" title="en:List of free and open-source software organizations"><span lang="en" dir="auto">List of free and open-source software organizations</span></a></span>）</span></span>与<a href="/wiki/%E8%87%AA%E7%94%B1%E8%BB%9F%E9%AB%94%E7%A4%BE%E7%BE%A4" title="自由軟體社群">社群</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"><a href="/wiki/Android" title="Android">Android开源项目</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> ·</span>  <a href="/wiki/Apache%E8%BD%AF%E4%BB%B6%E5%9F%BA%E9%87%91%E4%BC%9A" title="Apache软件基金会">Apache软件基金会</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> ·</span>  <a href="/wiki/Blender%E5%9F%BA%E9%87%91%E4%BC%9A" title="Blender基金会">Blender基金会</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> ·</span>  <a href="/wiki/Eclipse%E5%9F%BA%E9%87%91%E4%BC%9A" title="Eclipse基金会">Eclipse基金会</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> ·</span>  <a href="/wiki/Freedesktop.org" title="Freedesktop.org">freedesktop.org</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> ·</span>  <a href="/wiki/%E8%87%AA%E7%94%B1%E8%BD%AF%E4%BB%B6%E5%9F%BA%E9%87%91%E4%BC%9A" title="自由软件基金会">自由软件基金会</a> (<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%AD%90%E6%B4%B2%E8%87%AA%E7%94%B1%E8%BB%9F%E9%AB%94%E5%9F%BA%E9%87%91%E6%9C%83&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="歐洲自由軟體基金會（页面不存在）">歐洲</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> ·</span>  <a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%8D%B0%E5%BA%A6%E8%87%AA%E7%94%B1%E8%BB%9F%E9%AB%94%E5%9F%BA%E9%87%91%E6%9C%83&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="印度自由軟體基金會（页面不存在）">印度</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> ·</span> <a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%8B%89%E4%B8%81%E7%BE%8E%E6%B4%B2%E8%87%AA%E7%94%B1%E8%BB%9F%E9%AB%94%E5%9F%BA%E9%87%91%E6%9C%83&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="拉丁美洲自由軟體基金會（页面不存在）">拉丁美洲</a>)<span style="font-weight:bold;"> ·</span>  <a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%8D%B0%E5%BA%A6%E8%87%AA%E7%94%B1%E8%BB%9F%E9%AB%94%E9%81%8B%E5%8B%95&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="印度自由軟體運動（页面不存在）">FSMI</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> ·</span>  <a href="/wiki/GNOME%E5%9F%BA%E9%87%91%E4%BC%9A" title="GNOME基金会">GNOME基金会</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> ·</span>  <a class="mw-selflink selflink">GNU Project</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> ·</span>  <a href="/wiki/Google%E9%96%8B%E7%99%BC%E4%BA%BA%E5%93%A1" title="Google開發人員">Google Code</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> ·</span>  <a href="/wiki/KDE_e.V." title="KDE e.V.">KDE e.V.</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> ·</span>  <a href="/wiki/Linux%E5%9F%BA%E9%87%91%E6%9C%83" title="Linux基金會">Linux基金會</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> ·</span>  <a href="/wiki/Mozilla%E5%9F%BA%E9%87%91%E6%9C%83" title="Mozilla基金會">Mozilla基金會</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> ·</span>  <a href="/wiki/%E5%BC%80%E6%BA%90%E5%9C%B0%E7%90%86%E7%A9%BA%E9%97%B4%E5%9F%BA%E9%87%91%E4%BC%9A" title="开源地理空间基金会">开源地理空间基金会</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> ·</span>  <a href="/wiki/%E5%BC%80%E6%94%BE%E6%BA%90%E4%BB%A3%E7%A0%81%E4%BF%83%E8%BF%9B%E4%BC%9A" title="开放源代码促进会">开放源代码促进会</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> ·</span> <a href="/wiki/SourceForge" title="SourceForge">SourceForge</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> ·</span>  <a href="/wiki/Symbian%E5%9F%BA%E9%87%91%E6%9C%83" title="Symbian基金會">Symbian基金會</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> ·</span>  <a href="/wiki/VideoLAN" title="VideoLAN">VideoLAN组织</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> ·</span>  <a href="/wiki/%E7%BB%B4%E5%9F%BA%E5%AA%92%E4%BD%93%E5%9F%BA%E9%87%91%E4%BC%9A" title="维基媒体基金会">维基媒体基金会</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> ·</span>  <a href="/wiki/Xiph.Org%E5%9F%BA%E9%87%91%E6%9C%83" title="Xiph.Org基金會">Xiph.Org基金會</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> ·</span>  <span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="XMPP標準基金會" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="XMPP Standards Foundation"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/wiki/XMPP%E6%A0%87%E5%87%86%E5%9F%BA%E9%87%91%E4%BC%9A" title="XMPP标准基金会">XMPP標準基金會</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/XMPP_Standards_Foundation" class="extiw" title="en:XMPP Standards Foundation"><span lang="en" dir="auto">XMPP Standards Foundation</span></a></span>）</span></span> <span style="font-weight:bold;"> ·</span>  <a href="/wiki/X.Org%E5%9F%BA%E9%87%91%E6%9C%83" class="mw-redirect" title="X.Org基金會">X.Org基金會</a> <span style="font-weight:bold;"> ·</span>  <a href="/wiki/%E6%96%87%E6%AA%94%E5%9F%BA%E9%87%91%E6%9C%83" title="文檔基金會">文檔基金會</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> ·</span>  <a href="/wiki/%E8%BB%9F%E9%AB%94%E8%87%AA%E7%94%B1%E6%B3%95%E5%BE%8B%E4%B8%AD%E5%BF%83" title="軟體自由法律中心">軟體自由法律中心</a> <span style="font-weight:bold;"> ·</span>  <a href="/wiki/%E5%BC%80%E6%94%BE%E5%8E%9F%E5%AD%90%E5%9F%BA%E9%87%91%E4%BC%9A" class="mw-redirect" title="开放原子基金会">开放原子基金会</a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/%E8%87%AA%E7%94%B1%E8%BD%AF%E4%BB%B6" title="自由软件">許可證</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Apache%E8%AE%B8%E5%8F%AF%E8%AF%81" title="Apache许可证">Apache</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/GNU_Affero%E9%80%9A%E7%94%A8%E5%85%AC%E5%85%B1%E8%AE%B8%E5%8F%AF%E8%AF%81" title="GNU Affero通用公共许可证">AFL</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%89%BA%E6%9C%AF%E8%AE%B8%E5%8F%AF%E5%8D%8F%E8%AE%AE" title="艺术许可协议">Artistic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%8B%B9%E6%9E%9C%E5%85%AC%E5%85%B1%E6%BA%90%E4%BB%A3%E7%A0%81%E8%AE%B8%E5%8F%AF%E8%AF%81" title="苹果公共源代码许可证">APSL</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Boost_C%2B%2B_Libraries#许可证" title="Boost C++ Libraries">Boost</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/BSD%E8%AE%B8%E5%8F%AF%E8%AF%81" title="BSD许可证">BSD</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%87%AA%E7%94%B1%E8%BD%AF%E4%BB%B6%E5%9F%BA%E9%87%91%E4%BC%9A" title="自由软件基金会">自由软件基金会</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/GNU%E9%80%9A%E7%94%A8%E5%85%AC%E5%85%B1%E8%AE%B8%E5%8F%AF%E8%AF%81" title="GNU通用公共许可证">GNU GPL</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/GNU%E5%AE%BD%E9%80%9A%E7%94%A8%E5%85%AC%E5%85%B1%E8%AE%B8%E5%8F%AF%E8%AF%81" title="GNU宽通用公共许可证">GNU LGPL</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/GNU_Affero%E9%80%9A%E7%94%A8%E5%85%AC%E5%85%B1%E8%AE%B8%E5%8F%AF%E8%AF%81" title="GNU Affero通用公共许可证">GNU AGPL</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISC%E8%A8%B1%E5%8F%AF%E8%AD%89" title="ISC許可證">ISC</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/MIT%E8%A8%B1%E5%8F%AF%E8%AD%89" title="MIT許可證">MIT</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mozilla%E5%85%AC%E5%85%B1%E8%AE%B8%E5%8F%AF%E8%AF%81" title="Mozilla公共许可证">MPL</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Python%E8%AE%B8%E5%8F%AF%E8%AF%81" title="Python许可证">Python</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Python%E8%BD%AF%E4%BB%B6%E5%9F%BA%E9%87%91%E4%BC%9A%E8%AE%B8%E5%8F%AF%E8%AF%81" title="Python软件基金会许可证">Python软件基金会许可证</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zlib%E6%8E%88%E6%9D%83%E6%9D%A1%E6%AC%BE" title="Zlib授权条款">zlib</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/WTFPL" title="WTFPL">WTFPL</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%8F%8D996%E8%AE%B8%E5%8F%AF%E8%AF%81" title="反996许可证">反996许可证</a></li></ul> </div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th id="类型与标准" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">类型与标准</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E8%87%AA%E7%94%B1%E5%8F%8A%E9%96%8B%E6%94%BE%E5%8E%9F%E5%A7%8B%E7%A2%BC%E8%BB%9F%E9%AB%94%E6%8E%88%E6%AC%8A%E6%A2%9D%E6%AC%BE%E6%AF%94%E8%BC%83" title="自由及開放原始碼軟體授權條款比較">自由及開放原始碼軟體許可證比較</a></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="贡献者许可证协议" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Contributor License Agreement"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%B4%A1%E7%8C%AE%E8%80%85%E8%AE%B8%E5%8F%AF%E8%AF%81%E5%8D%8F%E8%AE%AE&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="贡献者许可证协议（页面不存在）">贡献者许可证协议</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Contributor_License_Agreement" class="extiw" title="en:Contributor License Agreement"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Contributor License Agreement</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Copyleft" title="Copyleft">Copyleft</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Debian%E8%87%AA%E7%94%B1%E8%BD%AF%E4%BB%B6%E6%8C%87%E5%AF%BC%E6%96%B9%E9%92%88" title="Debian自由软件指导方针">Debian自由软件指导方针</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%87%AA%E7%94%B1%E6%96%87%E5%8C%96%E4%BD%9C%E5%93%81%E5%AE%9A%E7%BE%A9" title="自由文化作品定義">自由文化作品定義</a></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="自由許可證 (自由軟體)" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Free license"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%87%AA%E7%94%B1%E8%A8%B1%E5%8F%AF%E8%AD%89_(%E8%87%AA%E7%94%B1%E8%BB%9F%E9%AB%94)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="自由許可證 (自由軟體)（页面不存在）">自由許可證</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Free_license" class="extiw" title="en:Free license"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Free license</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="自由软件定义" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="The Free Software Definition"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/wiki/%E8%87%AA%E7%94%B1%E8%BB%9F%E9%AB%94%E5%AE%9A%E7%BE%A9" title="自由軟體定義">自由软件定义</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Free_Software_Definition" class="extiw" title="en:The Free Software Definition"><span lang="en" dir="auto">The Free Software Definition</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%BC%80%E6%BA%90%E5%AE%9A%E4%B9%89" title="开源定义">开源定义</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%AF%AC%E9%AC%86%E8%87%AA%E7%94%B1%E8%BB%9F%E9%AB%94%E6%8E%88%E6%AC%8A%E6%A2%9D%E6%AC%BE" title="寬鬆自由軟體授權條款">寬鬆自由軟體授權條款</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%85%AC%E6%9C%89%E9%A2%86%E5%9F%9F" title="公有领域">公有领域</a></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="Viral license" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Viral license"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Viral_license&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Viral license（页面不存在）">Viral license</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Viral_license" class="extiw" title="en:Viral license"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Viral license</span></a></span>）</span></span></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">挑戰</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"><a href="/wiki/FUD" title="FUD">FUD</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> ·</span> <a href="/wiki/%E6%93%81%E6%8A%B1%E3%80%81%E6%93%B4%E5%85%85%E5%8A%9F%E8%83%BD%E5%86%8D%E6%B6%88%E6%BB%85" class="mw-redirect" title="擁抱、擴充功能再消滅">擁抱、擴充功能再消滅</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> ·</span> <a href="/wiki/%E5%B0%88%E6%9C%89%E8%A8%AD%E5%82%99%E9%A9%85%E5%8B%95%E7%A8%8B%E5%BA%8F" title="專有設備驅動程序">二進制blob</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> ·</span>  <a href="/wiki/%E6%95%B0%E5%AD%97%E7%89%88%E6%9D%83%E7%AE%A1%E7%90%86" title="数字版权管理">数字版权管理</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> ·</span>  <span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="自由及開放原始碼顯示卡驅動程式" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Free and open-source graphics device driver"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%87%AA%E7%94%B1%E5%8F%8A%E9%96%8B%E6%94%BE%E5%8E%9F%E5%A7%8B%E7%A2%BC%E9%A1%AF%E7%A4%BA%E5%8D%A1%E9%A9%85%E5%8B%95%E7%A8%8B%E5%BC%8F&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="自由及開放原始碼顯示卡驅動程式（页面不存在）">自由及開放原始碼顯示卡驅動程式</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Free_and_open-source_graphics_device_driver" class="extiw" title="en:Free and open-source graphics device driver"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Free and open-source graphics device driver</span></a></span>）</span></span><span style="font-weight:bold;"> ·</span>  <span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="授權擴散" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="License proliferation"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%8E%88%E6%AC%8A%E6%93%B4%E6%95%A3&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="授權擴散（页面不存在）">授權擴散</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/License_proliferation" class="extiw" title="en:License proliferation"><span lang="en" dir="auto">License proliferation</span></a></span>）</span></span> <span style="font-weight:bold;"> ·</span>  <span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="Mozilla软件品牌重塑" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Mozilla Corporation software rebranded by the Debian project"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mozilla%E8%BD%AF%E4%BB%B6%E5%93%81%E7%89%8C%E9%87%8D%E5%A1%91&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Mozilla软件品牌重塑（页面不存在）">Mozilla 软件品牌重塑</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mozilla_Corporation_software_rebranded_by_the_Debian_project" class="extiw" title="en:Mozilla Corporation software rebranded by the Debian project"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Mozilla Corporation software rebranded by the Debian project</span></a></span>）</span></span><span style="font-weight:bold;"> ·</span>  <a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%93%E6%9C%89%E8%BD%AF%E4%BB%B6" title="专有软件">專有軟體</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> ·</span>  <a href="/wiki/SCO-Linux%E7%88%AD%E8%AD%B0" title="SCO-Linux爭議">SCO-Linux爭議</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> ·</span>  <a href="/w/index.php?title=%E9%96%8B%E6%94%BE%E5%8E%9F%E5%A7%8B%E7%A2%BC%E8%BB%9F%E9%AB%94%E7%9A%84%E5%AE%89%E5%85%A8%E6%80%A7&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="開放原始碼軟體的安全性（页面不存在）">安全性</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> ·</span>  <a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%BB%9F%E9%AB%94%E5%B0%88%E5%88%A9%E5%92%8C%E8%87%AA%E7%94%B1%E8%BB%9F%E9%AB%94&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="軟體專利和自由軟體（页面不存在）">軟體專利</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> ·</span>  <a href="/wiki/%E7%A1%AC%E9%AB%94%E9%99%90%E5%88%B6" title="硬體限制">硬體限制</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> ·</span>  <a href="/wiki/%E5%8F%AF%E4%BF%A1%E8%AE%A1%E7%AE%97" title="可信计算">可信计算</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> ·</span>  <a href="/wiki/GNU%E9%80%9A%E7%94%A8%E5%85%AC%E5%85%B1%E8%AE%B8%E5%8F%AF%E8%AF%81#批评" title="GNU通用公共许可证">对 GPL 的有关批评</a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">其他</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"><a href="/wiki/Linux%E7%99%BC%E8%A1%8C%E7%89%88" class="mw-redirect" title="Linux發行版">Linux發行版</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> ·</span>  <a href="/wiki/%E5%88%86%E5%8F%89_(%E8%BD%AF%E4%BB%B6%E5%BC%80%E5%8F%91)" title="分叉 (软件开发)">分叉 (软件开发)</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> ·</span>  <span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="微軟開放規範承諾" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Microsoft Open Specification Promise"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%BE%AE%E8%BB%9F%E9%96%8B%E6%94%BE%E8%A6%8F%E7%AF%84%E6%89%BF%E8%AB%BE&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="微軟開放規範承諾（页面不存在）">微軟開放規範承諾</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Microsoft_Open_Specification_Promise" class="extiw" title="en:Microsoft Open Specification Promise"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Microsoft Open Specification Promise</span></a></span>）</span></span><span style="font-weight:bold;"> ·</span>  <a href="/wiki/%E5%85%B1%E4%BA%AB%E6%BA%90%E4%BB%A3%E7%A0%81" title="共享源代码">共享原始碼</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> ·</span> 《<a href="/wiki/%E6%93%8D%E4%BD%9C%E7%B3%BB%E7%BB%9F%E9%9D%A9%E5%91%BD" title="操作系统革命">操作系统革命</a>》</div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2" style="font-weight:bold"><div><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="分类"><img alt="分类" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/16px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/23px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/31px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Category:%E8%87%AA%E7%94%B1%E8%BD%AF%E4%BB%B6" title="Category:自由软件">分类</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> ·</span>  <span typeof="mw:File"><span title="共享资源页面"><img alt="共享资源页面" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/12px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="12" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/18px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/24px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></span></span> <a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Free_software" class="extiw" title="commons:Category:Free software">维基共享资源</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> ·</span>  <span typeof="mw:File"><span title="主题"><img alt="主题" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e2/Symbol_portal_class.svg/16px-Symbol_portal_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e2/Symbol_portal_class.svg/23px-Symbol_portal_class.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e2/Symbol_portal_class.svg/31px-Symbol_portal_class.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Portal:%E8%87%AA%E7%94%B1%E8%BB%9F%E9%AB%94" title="Portal:自由軟體">主题</a></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r84265675"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r84261037"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="操作系统" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="collapsible-title navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r84265675"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r84244141"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:%E6%93%8D%E4%BD%9C%E7%B3%BB%E7%BB%9F" title="Template:操作系统"><abbr title="查看该模板">查</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:%E6%93%8D%E4%BD%9C%E7%B3%BB%E7%BB%9F" title="Template talk:操作系统"><abbr title="讨论该模板">论</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:%E7%BC%96%E8%BE%91%E9%A1%B5%E9%9D%A2/Template:%E6%93%8D%E4%BD%9C%E7%B3%BB%E7%BB%9F" title="Special:编辑页面/Template:操作系统"><abbr title="编辑该模板">编</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="操作系统" style="font-size:110%;margin:0 5em"><a href="/wiki/%E6%93%8D%E4%BD%9C%E7%B3%BB%E7%BB%9F" title="操作系统">操作系统</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">概述</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="操作系统宣传" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Operating system advocacy"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%93%8D%E4%BD%9C%E7%B3%BB%E7%BB%9F%E5%AE%A3%E4%BC%A0&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="操作系统宣传（页面不存在）">宣传</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Operating_system_advocacy" class="extiw" title="en:Operating system advocacy"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Operating system advocacy</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="操作系统比较" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Comparison of operating systems"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%93%8D%E4%BD%9C%E7%B3%BB%E7%BB%9F%E6%AF%94%E8%BE%83&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="操作系统比较（页面不存在）">比较</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Comparison_of_operating_systems" class="extiw" title="en:Comparison of operating systems"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Comparison of operating systems</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="鑑識软件工程" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Forensic software engineering"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E9%91%91%E8%AD%98%E8%BD%AF%E4%BB%B6%E5%B7%A5%E7%A8%8B&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="鑑識软件工程（页面不存在）">鑑識软件工程</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Forensic_software_engineering" class="extiw" title="en:Forensic software engineering"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Forensic software engineering</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%93%8D%E4%BD%9C%E7%B3%BB%E7%BB%9F%E5%8E%86%E5%8F%B2" title="操作系统历史">历史</a></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="业余操作系统研发" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Hobbyist operating system development"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E4%B8%9A%E4%BD%99%E6%93%8D%E4%BD%9C%E7%B3%BB%E7%BB%9F%E7%A0%94%E5%8F%91&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="业余操作系统研发（页面不存在）">爱好者开发</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hobbyist_operating_system_development" class="extiw" title="en:Hobbyist operating system development"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Hobbyist operating system development</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%93%8D%E4%BD%9C%E7%B3%BB%E7%BB%9F%E5%88%97%E8%A1%A8" title="操作系统列表">列表</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%BD%9C%E6%A5%AD%E7%B3%BB%E7%B5%B1%E6%AD%B7%E5%8F%B2%E5%B9%B4%E8%A1%A8" title="作業系統歷史年表">年表</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%93%8D%E4%BD%9C%E7%B3%BB%E7%BB%9F%E4%BD%BF%E7%94%A8%E4%BB%BD%E9%A2%9D" title="操作系统使用份额">份额</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/%E5%86%85%E6%A0%B8" title="内核">内核</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;width: 7em;"><a href="/wiki/%E8%AE%A1%E7%AE%97%E6%9C%BA%E7%B3%BB%E7%BB%9F%E7%BB%93%E6%9E%84" title="计算机系统结构">系统结构</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0px;width: auto;"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Exokernel" title="Exokernel">Exokernel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%B7%B7%E5%90%88%E6%A0%B8%E5%BF%83" title="混合核心">混合</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%BE%AE%E5%85%A7%E6%A0%B8" title="微內核">微內核</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%95%B4%E5%A1%8A%E6%80%A7%E6%A0%B8%E5%BF%83" title="整塊性核心">整塊性核心</a></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="尾闾内核" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Rump kernel"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%B0%BE%E9%97%BE%E5%86%85%E6%A0%B8&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="尾闾内核（页面不存在）">尾闾内核</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rump_kernel" class="extiw" title="en:Rump kernel"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Rump kernel</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%8D%95%E4%B8%80%E5%86%85%E6%A0%B8" title="单一内核">单一内核</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;width: 7em;">组件</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px;width: auto;"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E9%A9%B1%E5%8A%A8%E7%A8%8B%E5%BA%8F" title="驱动程序">驱动程序</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%8F%AF%E8%BC%89%E5%85%A5%E6%A0%B8%E5%BF%83%E6%A8%A1%E7%B5%84" title="可載入核心模組">可載入核心模組</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%BE%AE%E5%85%A7%E6%A0%B8" title="微內核">微內核</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%BD%BF%E7%94%A8%E8%80%85%E7%A9%BA%E9%96%93" title="使用者空間">使用者空間</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/%E8%A1%8C%E7%A8%8B%E7%AE%A1%E7%90%86" title="行程管理">行程管理</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;width: 7em;">概念</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0px;width: auto;"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%8A%E4%B8%8B%E6%96%87%E4%BA%A4%E6%8F%9B" title="上下文交換">上下文交換</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%AD%E6%96%B7" title="中斷">中斷</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%A1%8C%E7%A8%8B%E9%96%93%E9%80%9A%E8%A8%8A" title="行程間通訊">行程間通訊</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%A1%8C%E7%A8%8B" title="行程">行程</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%A1%8C%E7%A8%8B%E6%8E%A7%E5%88%B6%E8%A1%A8" title="行程控制表">行程控制表</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%AE%9E%E6%97%B6%E6%93%8D%E4%BD%9C%E7%B3%BB%E7%BB%9F" title="实时操作系统">实时操作系统</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%BA%BF%E7%A8%8B" title="线程">线程</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%88%86%E6%99%82%E7%B3%BB%E7%B5%B1" title="分時系統">分時系統</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;width: 7em;"><a href="/wiki/%E8%B0%83%E5%BA%A6_(%E8%AE%A1%E7%AE%97%E6%9C%BA)" title="调度 (计算机)">调度算法</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px;width: auto;"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%9A%E4%BB%BB%E5%8A%A1%E5%A4%84%E7%90%86" title="多任务处理">多任务处理</a></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="固定优先级抢占" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Fixed-priority pre-emptive scheduling"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%9B%BA%E5%AE%9A%E4%BC%98%E5%85%88%E7%BA%A7%E6%8A%A2%E5%8D%A0&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="固定优先级抢占（页面不存在）">固定优先级抢占</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fixed-priority_pre-emptive_scheduling" class="extiw" title="en:Fixed-priority pre-emptive scheduling"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Fixed-priority pre-emptive scheduling</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="多级反馈队列" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Multilevel feedback queue"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%A4%9A%E7%BA%A7%E5%8F%8D%E9%A6%88%E9%98%9F%E5%88%97&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="多级反馈队列（页面不存在）">多级反馈队列</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Multilevel_feedback_queue" class="extiw" title="en:Multilevel feedback queue"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Multilevel feedback queue</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%8A%A2%E5%8D%A0%E5%BC%8F%E5%A4%9A%E4%BB%BB%E5%8A%A1%E5%A4%84%E7%90%86" title="抢占式多任务处理">抢占式多任务处理</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%BE%AA%E7%92%B0%E5%88%B6" title="循環制">循環制</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%9F%AD%E8%BF%9B%E7%A8%8B%E4%BC%98%E5%85%88" title="短进程优先">短进程优先</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/%E8%A8%98%E6%86%B6%E9%AB%94%E7%AE%A1%E7%90%86" title="記憶體管理">記憶體管理</a>和<a href="/wiki/%E8%B3%87%E6%BA%90_(%E8%A8%88%E7%AE%97%E6%A9%9F%E7%A7%91%E5%AD%B8)" title="資源 (計算機科學)">資源</a>保护</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E6%80%BB%E7%BA%BF%E9%94%99%E8%AF%AF" title="总线错误">总线错误</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%80%E8%88%AC%E4%BF%9D%E6%8A%A4%E9%94%99%E8%AF%AF" title="一般保护错误">一般保护错误</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%A8%98%E6%86%B6%E9%AB%94%E4%BF%9D%E8%AD%B7" title="記憶體保護">記憶體保護</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%88%86%E9%A0%81" title="分頁">分頁</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%88%86%E7%BA%A7%E4%BF%9D%E6%8A%A4%E5%9F%9F" title="分级保护域">分级保护域</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%A8%98%E6%86%B6%E9%AB%94%E5%8D%80%E6%AE%B5%E9%8C%AF%E8%AA%A4" title="記憶體區段錯誤">記憶體區段錯誤</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%99%9A%E6%8B%9F%E5%86%85%E5%AD%98" title="虚拟内存">虚拟内存</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/%E9%9D%9E%E6%8F%AE%E7%99%BC%E6%80%A7%E8%A8%98%E6%86%B6%E9%AB%94" title="非揮發性記憶體">存储</a>访问和<a href="/wiki/%E6%96%87%E4%BB%B6%E7%B3%BB%E7%BB%9F" title="文件系统">文件系统</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E5%95%9F%E5%8B%95%E7%A8%8B%E5%BC%8F" title="啟動程式">啟動程式</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%A2%8E%E7%89%87%E9%87%8D%E7%B5%84" title="碎片重組">碎片重組</a></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="设备文件 (Unix)" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Device file"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%AE%BE%E5%A4%87%E6%96%87%E4%BB%B6_(Unix)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="设备文件 (Unix)（页面不存在）">设备文件</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Device_file" class="extiw" title="en:Device file"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Device file</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%96%87%E4%BB%B6%E5%B1%9E%E6%80%A7" title="文件属性">文件属性</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Inode" title="Inode">Inode</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%97%A5%E5%BF%97%E6%96%87%E4%BB%B6%E7%B3%BB%E7%BB%9F" title="日志文件系统">日志</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%A1%AC%E7%9B%98%E5%88%86%E5%8C%BA" title="硬盘分区">分区</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%99%9B%E6%93%AC%E6%AA%94%E6%A1%88%E7%B3%BB%E7%B5%B1" title="虛擬檔案系統">虛擬檔案系統</a></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="虚拟磁带库" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Virtual tape library"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%99%9A%E6%8B%9F%E7%A3%81%E5%B8%A6%E5%BA%93&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="虚拟磁带库（页面不存在）">虚拟磁带库</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Virtual_tape_library" class="extiw" title="en:Virtual tape library"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Virtual tape library</span></a></span>）</span></span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/%E6%93%8D%E4%BD%9C%E7%B3%BB%E7%BB%9F%E5%88%97%E8%A1%A8" title="操作系统列表">操作系统列表</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/AmigaOS" title="AmigaOS">AmigaOS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Android" title="Android">Android</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/BeOS" title="BeOS">BeOS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/BSD" title="BSD">BSD</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ChromeOS" title="ChromeOS">ChromeOS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/CP/M" title="CP/M">CP/M</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/DOS" title="DOS">DOS</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">GNU</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Haiku" title="Haiku">Haiku</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%B8%BF%E8%92%99_(%E6%93%8D%E4%BD%9C%E7%B3%BB%E7%BB%9F)" title="鸿蒙 (操作系统)">鸿蒙</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Illumos" title="Illumos">Illumos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/IOS" title="IOS">iOS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Linux" title="Linux">Linux</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%BA%A6%E9%87%91%E5%A1%94%E6%93%8D%E4%BD%9C%E7%B3%BB%E7%BB%9F" title="麦金塔操作系统">Macintosh</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Classic_Mac_OS" title="Classic Mac OS">Classic Mac OS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/MacOS" title="MacOS">MacOS</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/MINIX" title="MINIX">MINIX</a></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="MorphOS" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="MorphOS"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=MorphOS&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="MorphOS（页面不存在）">MorphOS</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/MorphOS" class="extiw" title="en:MorphOS"><span lang="en" dir="auto">MorphOS</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="MUSIC/SP" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="MUSIC/SP"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=MUSIC/SP&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="MUSIC/SP（页面不存在）">MUSIC/SP</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/MUSIC/SP" class="extiw" title="en:MUSIC/SP"><span lang="en" dir="auto">MUSIC/SP</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="NOS" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="NOS (software)"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=NOS&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="NOS（页面不存在）">NOS</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/NOS_(software)" class="extiw" title="en:NOS (software)"><span lang="en" dir="auto">NOS (software)</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/NGB_TVOS" class="mw-redirect" title="NGB TVOS">NGB TVOS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/OpenVMS" title="OpenVMS">OpenVMS</a></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="ORVYL" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="ORVYL and WYLBUR"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=ORVYL&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="ORVYL（页面不存在）">ORVYL</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ORVYL_and_WYLBUR" class="extiw" title="en:ORVYL and WYLBUR"><span lang="en" dir="auto">ORVYL and WYLBUR</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/OS/2" title="OS/2">OS/2</a></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="OSv" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="OSv"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=OSv&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="OSv（页面不存在）">OSv</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/OSv" class="extiw" title="en:OSv"><span lang="en" dir="auto">OSv</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="Pick操作系统" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Pick operating system"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pick%E6%93%8D%E4%BD%9C%E7%B3%BB%E7%BB%9F&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Pick操作系统（页面不存在）">Pick</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pick_operating_system" class="extiw" title="en:Pick operating system"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Pick operating system</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/QNX" title="QNX">QNX</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ReactOS" title="ReactOS">ReactOS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Redox" title="Redox">Redox</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/RISC_OS" title="RISC OS">RISC OS</a></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="RSTS/E" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="RSTS/E"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=RSTS/E&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="RSTS/E（页面不存在）">RSTS/E</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/RSTS/E" class="extiw" title="en:RSTS/E"><span lang="en" dir="auto">RSTS/E</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/RSX-11" title="RSX-11">RSX-11</a></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="RT-11" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="RT-11"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=RT-11&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="RT-11（页面不存在）">RT-11</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/RT-11" class="extiw" title="en:RT-11"><span lang="en" dir="auto">RT-11</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Solaris" title="Solaris">Solaris</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/TOPS-10" title="TOPS-10">TOPS-10</a>/<span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="TOPS-20" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="TOPS-20"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=TOPS-20&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="TOPS-20（页面不存在）">TOPS-20</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/TOPS-20" class="extiw" title="en:TOPS-20"><span lang="en" dir="auto">TOPS-20</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="Transaction Processing Facility" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Transaction Processing Facility"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Transaction_Processing_Facility&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Transaction Processing Facility（页面不存在）">TPF</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Transaction_Processing_Facility" class="extiw" title="en:Transaction Processing Facility"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Transaction Processing Facility</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/TvOS" title="TvOS">tvOS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/UNIX" title="UNIX">UNIX</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/UOS" class="mw-redirect" title="UOS">UOS</a></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="Visi On" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Visi On"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Visi_On&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Visi On（页面不存在）">Visi On</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Visi_On" class="extiw" title="en:Visi On"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Visi On</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="VM (operating system)" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="VM (operating system)"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=VM_(operating_system)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="VM (operating system)（页面不存在）">VM/CMS</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/VM_(operating_system)" class="extiw" title="en:VM (operating system)"><span lang="en" dir="auto">VM (operating system)</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="VS/9" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="VS/9"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=VS/9&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="VS/9（页面不存在）">VS/9</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/VS/9" class="extiw" title="en:VS/9"><span lang="en" dir="auto">VS/9</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Microsoft_Windows" title="Microsoft Windows">Microsoft Windows</a></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="Xinu" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Xinu"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Xinu&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Xinu（页面不存在）">Xinu</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Xinu" class="extiw" title="en:Xinu"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Xinu</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Z/OS" title="Z/OS">z/OS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/WatchOS" title="WatchOS">watchOS</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">其他概念</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E5%BA%94%E7%94%A8%E7%A8%8B%E5%BA%8F%E6%8E%A5%E5%8F%A3" title="应用程序接口">应用程序接口</a>（API）</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%AE%A1%E7%AE%97%E6%9C%BA%E7%BD%91%E7%BB%9C" title="计算机网络">计算机网络</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%A1%AC%E9%AB%94%E6%8A%BD%E8%B1%A1%E5%B1%A4" title="硬體抽象層">硬體抽象層</a>（HAL）</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Live_CD" title="Live CD">Live CD</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Live_USB" title="Live USB">Live USB</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%AE%BC%E5%B1%A4" title="殼層">殼層</a>（OS Shell） <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E5%91%BD%E4%BB%A4%E8%A1%8C%E7%95%8C%E9%9D%A2" title="命令行界面">命令行界面</a>（CLI）</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%9B%BE%E5%BD%A2%E7%94%A8%E6%88%B7%E7%95%8C%E9%9D%A2" title="图形用户界面">图形用户界面</a>（GUI）</li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="文本用户界面" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Text-based user interface"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%96%87%E6%9C%AC%E7%94%A8%E6%88%B7%E7%95%8C%E9%9D%A2&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="文本用户界面（页面不存在）">TUI</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Text-based_user_interface" class="extiw" title="en:Text-based user interface"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Text-based user interface</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="语音用户接口" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Voice user interface"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%AF%AD%E9%9F%B3%E7%94%A8%E6%88%B7%E6%8E%A5%E5%8F%A3&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="语音用户接口（页面不存在）">VUI</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Voice_user_interface" class="extiw" title="en:Voice user interface"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Voice user interface</span></a></span>）</span></span></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%A2%84%E5%90%AF%E5%8A%A8%E6%89%A7%E8%A1%8C%E7%8E%AF%E5%A2%83" title="预启动执行环境">预启动执行环境</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r84265675"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r84261037"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="GNU计划" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="collapsible-title navbox-title" colspan="3"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r84265675"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r84244141"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:GNU" title="Template:GNU"><abbr title="查看该模板">查</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Template_talk:GNU&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Template talk:GNU（页面不存在）"><abbr title="讨论该模板">论</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:%E7%BC%96%E8%BE%91%E9%A1%B5%E9%9D%A2/Template:GNU" title="Special:编辑页面/Template:GNU"><abbr title="编辑该模板">编</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="GNU计划" style="font-size:110%;margin:0 5em"><a href="/wiki/GNU%E8%A8%88%E5%8A%83" title="GNU計劃">GNU计划</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">历史</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/GNU%E5%AE%A3%E8%A8%80" title="GNU宣言">GNU宣言</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%87%AA%E7%94%B1%E8%BD%AF%E4%BB%B6%E5%9F%BA%E9%87%91%E4%BC%9A" title="自由软件基金会">自由软件基金会</a> <ul><li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="欧洲自由软件基金会" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Free Software Foundation Europe"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%AC%A7%E6%B4%B2%E8%87%AA%E7%94%B1%E8%BD%AF%E4%BB%B6%E5%9F%BA%E9%87%91%E4%BC%9A&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="欧洲自由软件基金会（页面不存在）">欧洲</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Free_Software_Foundation_Europe" class="extiw" title="en:Free Software Foundation Europe"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Free Software Foundation Europe</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="印度自由软件基金会" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Free Software Foundation of India"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%8D%B0%E5%BA%A6%E8%87%AA%E7%94%B1%E8%BD%AF%E4%BB%B6%E5%9F%BA%E9%87%91%E4%BC%9A&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="印度自由软件基金会（页面不存在）">印度</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Free_Software_Foundation_of_India" class="extiw" title="en:Free Software Foundation of India"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Free Software Foundation of India</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="拉丁美洲自由软件基金会" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Free Software Foundation Latin America"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%8B%89%E4%B8%81%E7%BE%8E%E6%B4%B2%E8%87%AA%E7%94%B1%E8%BD%AF%E4%BB%B6%E5%9F%BA%E9%87%91%E4%BC%9A&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="拉丁美洲自由软件基金会（页面不存在）">拉丁美洲</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Free_Software_Foundation_Latin_America" class="extiw" title="en:Free Software Foundation Latin America"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Free Software Foundation Latin America</span></a></span>）</span></span></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%87%AA%E7%94%B1%E5%BC%80%E6%BA%90%E8%BD%AF%E4%BB%B6%E5%8E%86%E5%8F%B2" class="mw-redirect" title="自由开源软件历史">自由开源软件历史</a></li></ul> </div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="5" style="width:1px;padding:0px 0px 0px 2px"><div><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Heckert_GNU_white.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="GNU's not UNIX"><img alt="GNU's not UNIX" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/22/Heckert_GNU_white.svg/64px-Heckert_GNU_white.svg.png" decoding="async" width="64" height="63" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/22/Heckert_GNU_white.svg/96px-Heckert_GNU_white.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/22/Heckert_GNU_white.svg/128px-Heckert_GNU_white.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="535" data-file-height="523" /></a></span></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">许可证</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/GNU%E9%80%9A%E7%94%A8%E5%85%AC%E5%85%B1%E8%AE%B8%E5%8F%AF%E8%AF%81" title="GNU通用公共许可证">GNU通用公共许可证</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/GNU%E5%AE%BD%E9%80%9A%E7%94%A8%E5%85%AC%E5%85%B1%E8%AE%B8%E5%8F%AF%E8%AF%81" title="GNU宽通用公共许可证">GNU宽通用公共许可证</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/GNU_Affero%E9%80%9A%E7%94%A8%E5%85%AC%E5%85%B1%E8%AE%B8%E5%8F%AF%E8%AF%81" title="GNU Affero通用公共许可证">GNU Affero通用公共许可证</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/GNU%E8%87%AA%E7%94%B1%E6%96%87%E6%A1%A3%E8%AE%B8%E5%8F%AF%E8%AF%81" title="GNU自由文档许可证">GNU自由文档许可证</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/GPL%E9%93%BE%E6%8E%A5%E4%BE%8B%E5%A4%96" title="GPL链接例外">GPL链接例外</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">软件</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">GNU</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/GNU_variants" title="GNU variants">变种</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/GNU_Hurd" title="GNU Hurd">Hurd</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Linux-libre" title="Linux-libre">Linux-libre</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/GNU_C%E5%87%BD%E5%BC%8F%E5%BA%AB" title="GNU C函式庫">glibc</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bash" title="Bash">Bash</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/GNU%E6%A0%B8%E5%BF%83%E5%B7%A5%E5%85%B7%E7%BB%84" title="GNU核心工具组">Coreutils</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/GNU%E6%9F%A5%E6%89%BE%E5%B7%A5%E5%85%B7%E7%BB%84" title="GNU查找工具组">findutils</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/GNU%E6%9E%84%E5%BB%BA%E7%B3%BB%E7%BB%9F" title="GNU构建系统">构建系统</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/GCC" title="GCC">GCC</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/GNU_Binutils" title="GNU Binutils">binutils</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/GNU%E4%BE%A6%E9%94%99%E5%99%A8" title="GNU侦错器">GDB</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/GNU_GRUB" title="GNU GRUB">GRUB</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/GNOME" title="GNOME">GNOME</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/GNUstep" title="GNUstep">GNUstep</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/GIMP" title="GIMP">GIMP</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jami_(%E8%BB%9F%E9%AB%94)" title="Jami (軟體)">Jami</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Emacs" title="Emacs">GNU Emacs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/GNU_TeXmacs" title="GNU TeXmacs">GNU TeXmacs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/GNU_Octave" title="GNU Octave">GNU Octave</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/R%E8%AF%AD%E8%A8%80" title="R语言">GNU R</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/GNU%E7%A7%91%E5%AD%A6%E5%BA%93" title="GNU科学库">GSL</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/GNU%E5%A4%9A%E9%87%8D%E7%B2%BE%E5%BA%A6%E8%BF%90%E7%AE%97%E5%BA%93" title="GNU多重精度运算库">GMP</a></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="GNU Electric" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Electric (software)"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=GNU_Electric&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="GNU Electric（页面不存在）">GNU Electric</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electric_(software)" class="extiw" title="en:Electric (software)"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Electric (software)</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="GNU Archimedes" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="GNU Archimedes"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=GNU_Archimedes&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="GNU Archimedes（页面不存在）">GNU Archimedes</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/GNU_Archimedes" class="extiw" title="en:GNU Archimedes"><span lang="en" dir="auto">GNU Archimedes</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="GNUnet" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="GNUnet"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=GNUnet&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="GNUnet（页面不存在）">GNUnet</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/GNUnet" class="extiw" title="en:GNUnet"><span lang="en" dir="auto">GNUnet</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/GnuPG" title="GnuPG">GNU Privacy Guard</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/GNU_IceCat" title="GNU IceCat">Gnuzilla</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/GNU_IceCat" title="GNU IceCat">IceCat</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/GNU_Health" title="GNU Health">GNU Health</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/GNUmed" title="GNUmed">GNUmed</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/LilyPond" title="LilyPond">GNU LilyPond</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/GNU_Go" title="GNU Go">GNU Go</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/GNU_Chess" title="GNU Chess">GNU Chess</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gnash" title="Gnash">Gnash</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Guix" title="Guix">Guix</a></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="Guix系統發行版" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Guix System Distribution"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Guix%E7%B3%BB%E7%B5%B1%E7%99%BC%E8%A1%8C%E7%89%88&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Guix系統發行版（页面不存在）">Guix系統發行版</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Guix_System_Distribution" class="extiw" title="en:Guix System Distribution"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Guix System Distribution</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/GNU%E8%BD%AF%E4%BB%B6%E5%8C%85%E5%88%97%E8%A1%A8" title="GNU软件包列表"><i>更多...</i></a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">公众发言人</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Alexandre_Oliva&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Alexandre Oliva（页面不存在）">Alexandre Oliva</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Benjamin_Mako_Hill&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Benjamin Mako Hill（页面不存在）">Benjamin Mako Hill</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bradley_M._Kuhn&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Bradley M. Kuhn（页面不存在）">Bradley M. Kuhn</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%BC%8A%E6%9C%AC%C2%B7%E8%8E%AB%E6%A0%BC%E6%9E%97" title="伊本·莫格林">伊本·莫格林</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Georg_C._F._Greve&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Georg C. F. Greve（页面不存在）">Georg C. F. Greve</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Lo%C3%AFc_Dachary&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Loïc Dachary（页面不存在）">Loïc Dachary</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ricardo_Galli&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ricardo Galli（页面不存在）">Ricardo Galli</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%90%86%E6%9F%A5%E5%BE%B7%C2%B7%E6%96%AF%E6%89%98%E6%9B%BC" title="理查德·斯托曼">理查德·斯托曼</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Robert_J._Chassell&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Robert J. Chassell（页面不存在）">Robert J. 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