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data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-main-menu.unpin">Verbergen</button> </div> <div id="p-navigation" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-navigation" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Navigaziun </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="n-mainpage-description" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Pagina_principala" title="Visitar la pagina principala [z]" accesskey="z"><span>Pagina principala</span></a></li><li id="n-portal" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:La_pinta" title="Infurmaziuns davart il project, tge che ti pos far, nua che ti chassas infurmaziuns"><span>Discutar en la pinta</span></a></li><li id="n-randompage" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Spezial:Zuf%C3%A4llige_Seite" title="Chargiar ina pagina casuala. [x]" accesskey="x"><span>Artitgel casual</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-participation" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-participation" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Sa participar </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="n-help" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Agid:Cuntegn" title="Qua chattas agid."><span>Agid</span></a></li><li id="n-Prims-pass" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Agid:Prims_pass"><span>Prims pass</span></a></li><li id="n-recentchanges" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Spezial:Letzte_%C3%84nderungen" title="La glista da las ultimas midadas en la wiki. 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Es ist jedoch nicht zwingend erforderlich." class=""><span>Crear in conto d'utilisader</span></a> </li> <li id="pt-login-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=Spezial:Anmelden&returnto=Chaun" title="I fiss bun sche ti s'annunziassas, ti na stos dentant betg. [o]" accesskey="o" class=""><span>T'annunziar</span></a> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> <div id="vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-user-menu vector-button-flush-right vector-user-menu-logged-out" title="Weitere Optionen" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Utensils persunals" > <label id="vector-user-links-dropdown-label" for="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-ellipsis mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-ellipsis"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Utensils persunals</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-personal" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-personal user-links-collapsible-item" title="Benutzermenü" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="//donate.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FundraiserRedirector?utm_source=donate&utm_medium=sidebar&utm_campaign=C13_rm.wikipedia.org&uselang=rm"><span>Donaziuns</span></a></li><li id="pt-createaccount" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Spezial:Benutzerkonto_anlegen&returnto=Chaun" title="Wir ermutigen dich dazu, ein Benutzerkonto zu erstellen und dich anzumelden. Es ist jedoch nicht zwingend erforderlich."><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-userAdd mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-userAdd"></span> <span>Crear in conto d'utilisader</span></a></li><li id="pt-login" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Spezial:Anmelden&returnto=Chaun" title="I fiss bun sche ti s'annunziassas, ti na stos dentant betg. [o]" accesskey="o"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-logIn mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-logIn"></span> <span>T'annunziar</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-user-menu-anon-editor" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-user-menu-anon-editor" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Seiten für abgemeldete Benutzer <a href="/wiki/Agid:Einf%C3%BChrung" aria-label="Erfahre mehr über das Bearbeiten"><span>Weitere Informationen</span></a> </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-anoncontribs" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Spezial:Meine_Beitr%C3%A4ge" title="Eine Liste der Bearbeitungen, die von dieser IP-Adresse gemacht wurden [y]" accesskey="y"><span>Contribuziuns</span></a></li><li id="pt-anontalk" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Spezial:Meine_Diskussionsseite" title="Discussiun davart modificaziuns che derivan da questa adressa dad IP [n]" accesskey="n"><span>Pagina da discussiun da questa IP</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </header> </div> <div class="mw-page-container"> <div class="mw-page-container-inner"> <div class="vector-sitenotice-container"> <div id="siteNotice"></div> </div> <div class="vector-column-start"> <div class="vector-main-menu-container"> <div id="mw-navigation"> <nav id="mw-panel" class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="Website"> <div id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav id="mw-panel-toc" aria-label="Inhaltsverzeichnis" data-event-name="ui.sidebar-toc" class="mw-table-of-contents-container vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-toc-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-toc" class="vector-toc vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-toc-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="toc-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-toc" > <h2 class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Inhaltsverzeichnis</h2> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.pin">In die Seitenleiste verschieben</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.unpin">Verbergen</button> </div> <ul class="vector-toc-contents" id="mw-panel-toc-list"> <li id="toc-mw-content-text" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a href="#" class="vector-toc-link"> <div class="vector-toc-text">Anfang</div> </a> </li> <li id="toc-Populaziun" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Populaziun"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1</span> <span>Populaziun</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Populaziun-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Anatomia" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Anatomia"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Anatomia</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Anatomia-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Unterabschnitt Anatomia umschalten</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Anatomia-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Denominaziuns" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Denominaziuns"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.1</span> <span>Denominaziuns</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Denominaziuns-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Dents" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Dents"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.2</span> <span>Dents</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Dents-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Ils_senns" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Ils_senns"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Ils senns</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Ils_senns-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Unterabschnitt Ils senns umschalten</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Ils_senns-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Udida" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Udida"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.1</span> <span>Udida</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Udida-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Vesida" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Vesida"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.2</span> <span>Vesida</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Vesida-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Odurat" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Odurat"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.3</span> <span>Odurat</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Odurat-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Gust" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Gust"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.4</span> <span>Gust</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Gust-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Palp" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Palp"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.5</span> <span>Palp</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Palp-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Senn_magnetic" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Senn_magnetic"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.6</span> <span>Senn magnetic</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Senn_magnetic-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Genom" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Genom"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Genom</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Genom-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Svilup" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Svilup"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Svilup</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Svilup-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Unterabschnitt Svilup umschalten</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Svilup-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Multiplicaziun" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Multiplicaziun"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.1</span> <span>Multiplicaziun</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Multiplicaziun-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Socialisaziun" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Socialisaziun"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.2</span> <span>Socialisaziun</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Socialisaziun-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Aspectativa_da_vita" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Aspectativa_da_vita"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.3</span> <span>Aspectativa da vita</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Aspectativa_da_vita-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Chaun_e_luf" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Chaun_e_luf"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>Chaun e luf</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Chaun_e_luf-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Domesticaziun" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Domesticaziun"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>Domesticaziun</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Domesticaziun-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Unterabschnitt Domesticaziun umschalten</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Domesticaziun-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Cumprovas_geneticas" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Cumprovas_geneticas"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7.1</span> <span>Cumprovas geneticas</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Cumprovas_geneticas-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Chats_archeologics" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Chats_archeologics"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7.2</span> <span>Chats archeologics</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Chats_archeologics-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Il_chaun_sco_animal_da_niz" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Il_chaun_sco_animal_da_niz"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>Il chaun sco animal da niz</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Il_chaun_sco_animal_da_niz-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Unterabschnitt Il chaun sco animal da niz umschalten</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Il_chaun_sco_animal_da_niz-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Chaun_da_diever" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Chaun_da_diever"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8.1</span> <span>Chaun da diever</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Chaun_da_diever-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Chaun_da_chatscha" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Chaun_da_chatscha"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8.2</span> <span>Chaun da chatscha</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Chaun_da_chatscha-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Chaun_pastur" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Chaun_pastur"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8.3</span> <span>Chaun pastur</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Chaun_pastur-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Chaun_da_guardia" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Chaun_da_guardia"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8.4</span> <span>Chaun da guardia</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Chaun_da_guardia-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Manadiras_e_transports" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Manadiras_e_transports"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8.5</span> <span>Manadiras e transports</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Manadiras_e_transports-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Il_chaun_sco_animal_da_cumpagnia_e_da_passatemp" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Il_chaun_sco_animal_da_cumpagnia_e_da_passatemp"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8.6</span> <span>Il chaun sco animal da cumpagnia e da passatemp</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Il_chaun_sco_animal_da_cumpagnia_e_da_passatemp-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Organissem_da_model_en_la_perscrutaziun" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Organissem_da_model_en_la_perscrutaziun"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8.7</span> <span>Organissem da model en la perscrutaziun</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Organissem_da_model_en_la_perscrutaziun-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Furnitur_da_vestgadira" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Furnitur_da_vestgadira"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8.8</span> <span>Furnitur da vestgadira</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Furnitur_da_vestgadira-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Furnitur_da_charn" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Furnitur_da_charn"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8.9</span> <span>Furnitur da charn</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Furnitur_da_charn-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Allevament" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Allevament"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9</span> <span>Allevament</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Allevament-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Unterabschnitt Allevament umschalten</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Allevament-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Chauns_originars" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Chauns_originars"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9.1</span> <span>Chauns originars</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Chauns_originars-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Sistematica_dals_chauns_da_razza" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Sistematica_dals_chauns_da_razza"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9.2</span> <span>Sistematica dals chauns da razza</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Sistematica_dals_chauns_da_razza-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Intginas_razzas_da_chauns" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Intginas_razzas_da_chauns"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9.3</span> <span>Intginas razzas da chauns</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Intginas_razzas_da_chauns-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Defects_genetics" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Defects_genetics"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9.4</span> <span>Defects genetics</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Defects_genetics-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Tegnida" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Tegnida"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">10</span> <span>Tegnida</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Tegnida-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Unterabschnitt Tegnida umschalten</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Tegnida-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Nutriment" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Nutriment"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">10.1</span> <span>Nutriment</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Nutriment-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Malsognas" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Malsognas"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">10.2</span> <span>Malsognas</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Malsognas-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Istorgia_culturala" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Istorgia_culturala"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">11</span> <span>Istorgia culturala</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Istorgia_culturala-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Annotaziuns" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Annotaziuns"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">12</span> <span>Annotaziuns</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Annotaziuns-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Litteratura" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Litteratura"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">13</span> <span>Litteratura</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Litteratura-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Unterabschnitt Litteratura umschalten</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Litteratura-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Survistas" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Survistas"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">13.1</span> <span>Survistas</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Survistas-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Cumportament" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Cumportament"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">13.2</span> <span>Cumportament</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Cumportament-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Razzas_ed_allevament" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Razzas_ed_allevament"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">13.3</span> <span>Razzas ed allevament</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Razzas_ed_allevament-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Colliaziuns" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Colliaziuns"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">14</span> <span>Colliaziuns</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Colliaziuns-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Inhaltsverzeichnis" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Inhaltsverzeichnis umschalten" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Inhaltsverzeichnis umschalten</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Chaun</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Zu einem Artikel in einer anderen Sprache gehen. Verfügbar in 268 Sprachen" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-268" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">268 Sprachen</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ab mw-list-item"><a href="https://ab.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D0%BB%D0%B0" title="Ала – abchasian" lang="ab" hreflang="ab" data-title="Ала" data-language-autonym="Аԥсшәа" data-language-local-name="abchasian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Аԥсшәа</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ace mw-list-item"><a href="https://ace.wikipedia.org/wiki/As%C3%A8e" title="Asèe – aceh" lang="ace" hreflang="ace" data-title="Asèe" data-language-autonym="Acèh" data-language-local-name="aceh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Acèh</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ady mw-list-item"><a href="https://ady.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A5%D1%8C%D1%8D" title="Хьэ – adygai" lang="ady" hreflang="ady" data-title="Хьэ" data-language-autonym="Адыгабзэ" data-language-local-name="adygai" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Адыгабзэ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hond" title="Hond – afrikaans" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="Hond" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="afrikaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Afrikaans</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-als mw-list-item"><a href="https://als.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hund" title="Hund – tudestg svizzer" lang="gsw" hreflang="gsw" data-title="Hund" data-language-autonym="Alemannisch" data-language-local-name="tudestg svizzer" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Alemannisch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-am mw-list-item"><a href="https://am.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%8B%8D%E1%88%BB" title="ውሻ – amaric" lang="am" hreflang="am" data-title="ውሻ" data-language-autonym="አማርኛ" data-language-local-name="amaric" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>አማርኛ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ami mw-list-item"><a href="https://ami.wikipedia.org/wiki/Waco" title="Waco – Amisisch" lang="ami" hreflang="ami" data-title="Waco" data-language-autonym="Pangcah" data-language-local-name="Amisisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Pangcah</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-an badge-Q70894304 mw-list-item" title=""><a href="https://an.wikipedia.org/wiki/Can" title="Can – aragonais" lang="an" hreflang="an" data-title="Can" data-language-autonym="Aragonés" data-language-local-name="aragonais" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Aragonés</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ann mw-list-item"><a href="https://ann.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ibo" title="Ibo – Obolo" lang="ann" hreflang="ann" data-title="Ibo" data-language-autonym="Obolo" data-language-local-name="Obolo" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Obolo</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-anp mw-list-item"><a href="https://anp.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%81%E0%A4%A4%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A4%E0%A4%BE" title="कुत्ता – angika" lang="anp" hreflang="anp" data-title="कुत्ता" data-language-autonym="अंगिका" data-language-local-name="angika" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>अंगिका</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%83%D9%84%D8%A8" title="كلب – arab" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="كلب" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="arab" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arc mw-list-item"><a href="https://arc.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DC%9F%DC%A0%DC%92%DC%90" title="ܟܠܒܐ – arameic" lang="arc" hreflang="arc" data-title="ܟܠܒܐ" data-language-autonym="ܐܪܡܝܐ" data-language-local-name="arameic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ܐܪܡܝܐ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ary mw-list-item"><a href="https://ary.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%83%D9%84%D8%A8" title="كلب – Marokkanisches Arabisch" lang="ary" hreflang="ary" data-title="كلب" data-language-autonym="الدارجة" data-language-local-name="Marokkanisches Arabisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>الدارجة</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%83%D9%84%D8%A8" title="كلب – Ägyptisches Arabisch" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="كلب" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="Ägyptisches Arabisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مصرى</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-as mw-list-item"><a href="https://as.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%95%E0%A7%81%E0%A6%95%E0%A7%81%E0%A7%B0" title="কুকুৰ – assami" lang="as" hreflang="as" data-title="কুকুৰ" data-language-autonym="অসমীয়া" data-language-local-name="assami" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>অসমীয়া</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-atj mw-list-item"><a href="https://atj.wikipedia.org/wiki/Atimw" title="Atimw – Atikamekw" lang="atj" hreflang="atj" data-title="Atimw" data-language-autonym="Atikamekw" data-language-local-name="Atikamekw" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Atikamekw</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-av mw-list-item"><a href="https://av.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D1%8C%D0%BE%D0%B9" title="Гьой – avaric" lang="av" hreflang="av" data-title="Гьой" data-language-autonym="Авар" data-language-local-name="avaric" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Авар</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-avk mw-list-item"><a href="https://avk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vakol_(Canis_lupus_familiaris)" title="Vakol (Canis lupus familiaris) – Kotava" lang="avk" hreflang="avk" data-title="Vakol (Canis lupus familiaris)" data-language-autonym="Kotava" data-language-local-name="Kotava" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kotava</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-awa mw-list-item"><a href="https://awa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%81%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%81%E0%A4%B0" title="कुकुर – awadhi" lang="awa" hreflang="awa" data-title="कुकुर" data-language-autonym="अवधी" data-language-local-name="awadhi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>अवधी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ay mw-list-item"><a href="https://ay.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anu" title="Anu – aymara" lang="ay" hreflang="ay" data-title="Anu" data-language-autonym="Aymar aru" data-language-local-name="aymara" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Aymar aru</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C4%B0t" title="İt – aserbeidschanic" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="İt" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="aserbeidschanic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-azb mw-list-item"><a href="https://azb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%DB%8C%D8%AA" title="ایت – Südaserbaidschanisch" lang="azb" hreflang="azb" data-title="ایت" data-language-autonym="تۆرکجه" data-language-local-name="Südaserbaidschanisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>تۆرکجه</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ba mw-list-item"><a href="https://ba.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%AD%D1%82" title="Эт – baschkir" lang="ba" hreflang="ba" data-title="Эт" data-language-autonym="Башҡортса" data-language-local-name="baschkir" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Башҡортса</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ban mw-list-item"><a href="https://ban.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cicing" title="Cicing – balinais" lang="ban" hreflang="ban" data-title="Cicing" data-language-autonym="Basa Bali" data-language-local-name="balinais" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Basa Bali</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bar mw-list-item"><a href="https://bar.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hund" title="Hund – Bairisch" lang="bar" hreflang="bar" data-title="Hund" data-language-autonym="Boarisch" data-language-local-name="Bairisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Boarisch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bat-smg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bat-smg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C5%A0ou" title="Šou – Samogitisch" lang="sgs" hreflang="sgs" data-title="Šou" data-language-autonym="Žemaitėška" data-language-local-name="Samogitisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Žemaitėška</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bbc mw-list-item"><a href="https://bbc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Biang" title="Biang – Batak Toba" lang="bbc" hreflang="bbc" data-title="Biang" data-language-autonym="Batak Toba" data-language-local-name="Batak Toba" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Batak Toba</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bcl mw-list-item"><a href="https://bcl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ayam" title="Ayam – Zentralbikolano" lang="bcl" hreflang="bcl" data-title="Ayam" data-language-autonym="Bikol Central" data-language-local-name="Zentralbikolano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bikol Central</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%B0%D0%B1%D0%B0%D0%BA%D0%B0_%D1%81%D0%B2%D0%BE%D0%B9%D1%81%D0%BA%D1%96" title="Сабака свойскі – bieloruss" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Сабака свойскі" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="bieloruss" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be-x-old mw-list-item"><a href="https://be-tarask.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%B0%D0%B1%D0%B0%D0%BA%D0%B0" title="Сабака – Weißrussisch (Taraschkewiza)" lang="be-tarask" hreflang="be-tarask" data-title="Сабака" data-language-autonym="Беларуская (тарашкевіца)" data-language-local-name="Weißrussisch (Taraschkewiza)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская (тарашкевіца)</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bew mw-list-item"><a href="https://bew.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anjing" title="Anjing – Betawi" lang="bew" hreflang="bew" data-title="Anjing" data-language-autonym="Betawi" data-language-local-name="Betawi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Betawi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D1%83%D1%87%D0%B5" title="Куче – bulgar" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Куче" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="bulgar" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bh mw-list-item"><a href="https://bh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%81%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%81%E0%A4%B0" title="कुक्कुर – Bhojpuri" lang="bh" hreflang="bh" data-title="कुक्कुर" data-language-autonym="भोजपुरी" data-language-local-name="Bhojpuri" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>भोजपुरी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bi mw-list-item"><a href="https://bi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dok" title="Dok – bislama" lang="bi" hreflang="bi" data-title="Dok" data-language-autonym="Bislama" data-language-local-name="bislama" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bislama</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bjn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bjn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hadupan" title="Hadupan – Banjaresisch" lang="bjn" hreflang="bjn" data-title="Hadupan" data-language-autonym="Banjar" data-language-local-name="Banjaresisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Banjar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bm mw-list-item"><a href="https://bm.wikipedia.org/wiki/W%C3%B9l%C3%B9" title="Wùlù – bambara" lang="bm" hreflang="bm" data-title="Wùlù" data-language-autonym="Bamanankan" data-language-local-name="bambara" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bamanankan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%95%E0%A7%81%E0%A6%95%E0%A7%81%E0%A6%B0" title="কুকুর – bengal" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="কুকুর" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="bengal" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bo mw-list-item"><a href="https://bo.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%BD%81%E0%BE%B1%E0%BD%B2%E0%BC%8D" title="ཁྱི། – tibetan" lang="bo" hreflang="bo" data-title="ཁྱི།" data-language-autonym="བོད་ཡིག" data-language-local-name="tibetan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>བོད་ཡིག</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-br mw-list-item"><a href="https://br.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ki" title="Ki – breton" lang="br" hreflang="br" data-title="Ki" data-language-autonym="Brezhoneg" data-language-local-name="breton" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Brezhoneg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bs mw-list-item"><a href="https://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Doma%C4%87i_pas" title="Domaći pas – bosniac" lang="bs" hreflang="bs" data-title="Domaći pas" data-language-autonym="Bosanski" data-language-local-name="bosniac" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bosanski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bxr mw-list-item"><a href="https://bxr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9D%D0%BE%D1%85%D0%BE%D0%B9" title="Нохой – Russisches Burjatisch" lang="bxr" hreflang="bxr" data-title="Нохой" data-language-autonym="Буряад" data-language-local-name="Russisches Burjatisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Буряад</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="exzellenter Artikel"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gos" title="Gos – catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Gos" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cdo mw-list-item"><a href="https://cdo.wikipedia.org/wiki/K%C4%93ng" title="Kēng – Min Dong" lang="cdo" hreflang="cdo" data-title="Kēng" data-language-autonym="閩東語 / Mìng-dĕ̤ng-ngṳ̄" data-language-local-name="Min Dong" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩東語 / Mìng-dĕ̤ng-ngṳ̄</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ceb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ceb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Iro" title="Iro – cebuano" lang="ceb" hreflang="ceb" data-title="Iro" data-language-autonym="Cebuano" data-language-local-name="cebuano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cebuano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-chr mw-list-item"><a href="https://chr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%8E%A9%E1%8F%9F" title="ᎩᏟ – cherokee" lang="chr" hreflang="chr" data-title="ᎩᏟ" data-language-autonym="ᏣᎳᎩ" data-language-local-name="cherokee" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ᏣᎳᎩ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-chy mw-list-item"><a href="https://chy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oe%C5%A1kese" title="Oeškese – cheyenne" lang="chy" hreflang="chy" data-title="Oeškese" data-language-autonym="Tsetsêhestâhese" data-language-local-name="cheyenne" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tsetsêhestâhese</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ckb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ckb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B3%DB%95%DA%AF" title="سەگ – curd central" lang="ckb" hreflang="ckb" data-title="سەگ" data-language-autonym="کوردی" data-language-local-name="curd central" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>کوردی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-co mw-list-item"><a href="https://co.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ghjacaru" title="Ghjacaru – cors" lang="co" hreflang="co" data-title="Ghjacaru" data-language-autonym="Corsu" data-language-local-name="cors" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Corsu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cr mw-list-item"><a href="https://cr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Atimw" title="Atimw – cree" lang="cr" hreflang="cr" data-title="Atimw" data-language-autonym="Nēhiyawēwin / ᓀᐦᐃᔭᐍᐏᐣ" data-language-local-name="cree" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nēhiyawēwin / ᓀᐦᐃᔭᐍᐏᐣ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-crh mw-list-item"><a href="https://crh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C4%B0t" title="İt – tirc crimean" lang="crh" hreflang="crh" data-title="İt" data-language-autonym="Qırımtatarca" data-language-local-name="tirc crimean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Qırımtatarca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pes_dom%C3%A1c%C3%AD" title="Pes domácí – tschec" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Pes domácí" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="tschec" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-csb mw-list-item"><a href="https://csb.wikipedia.org/wiki/T%C3%B3sz" title="Tósz – kaschubic" lang="csb" hreflang="csb" data-title="Tósz" data-language-autonym="Kaszëbsczi" data-language-local-name="kaschubic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kaszëbsczi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cu mw-list-item"><a href="https://cu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D1%8C%D1%81%D1%8A" title="Пьсъ – slav da baselgia" lang="cu" hreflang="cu" data-title="Пьсъ" data-language-autonym="Словѣньскъ / ⰔⰎⰑⰂⰡⰐⰠⰔⰍⰟ" data-language-local-name="slav da baselgia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Словѣньскъ / ⰔⰎⰑⰂⰡⰐⰠⰔⰍⰟ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cv mw-list-item"><a href="https://cv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%99%D1%8B%D1%82%C4%83" title="Йытă – tschuvasch" lang="cv" hreflang="cv" data-title="Йытă" data-language-autonym="Чӑвашла" data-language-local-name="tschuvasch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Чӑвашла</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ci" title="Ci – kimric" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="Ci" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="kimric" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cymraeg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hund" title="Hund – danais" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Hund" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="danais" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-dag mw-list-item"><a href="https://dag.wikipedia.org/wiki/Baa" title="Baa – Dagbani" lang="dag" hreflang="dag" data-title="Baa" data-language-autonym="Dagbanli" data-language-local-name="Dagbani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dagbanli</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Haushund" title="Haushund – tudestg" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Haushund" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="tudestg" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-dga mw-list-item"><a href="https://dga.wikipedia.org/wiki/...Baa" title="...Baa – Dagaare" lang="dga" hreflang="dga" data-title="...Baa" data-language-autonym="Dagaare" data-language-local-name="Dagaare" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dagaare</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-diq mw-list-item"><a href="https://diq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kut%C4%B1k" title="Kutık – Zazaki" lang="diq" hreflang="diq" data-title="Kutık" data-language-autonym="Zazaki" data-language-local-name="Zazaki" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Zazaki</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-dsb mw-list-item"><a href="https://dsb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Domacny_pjas" title="Domacny pjas – bass sorb" lang="dsb" hreflang="dsb" data-title="Domacny pjas" data-language-autonym="Dolnoserbski" data-language-local-name="bass sorb" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dolnoserbski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-dtp mw-list-item"><a href="https://dtp.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tasu" title="Tasu – Zentral-Dusun" lang="dtp" hreflang="dtp" data-title="Tasu" data-language-autonym="Kadazandusun" data-language-local-name="Zentral-Dusun" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kadazandusun</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-dz mw-list-item"><a href="https://dz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%BD%81%E0%BE%B1%E0%BD%B2" title="ཁྱི – dzongkha" lang="dz" hreflang="dz" data-title="ཁྱི" data-language-autonym="ཇོང་ཁ" data-language-local-name="dzongkha" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ཇོང་ཁ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ee mw-list-item"><a href="https://ee.wikipedia.org/wiki/Avu" title="Avu – ewe" lang="ee" hreflang="ee" data-title="Avu" data-language-autonym="Eʋegbe" data-language-local-name="ewe" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eʋegbe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%A3%CE%BA%CF%8D%CE%BB%CE%BF%CF%82" title="Σκύλος – grec" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Σκύλος" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="grec" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eml mw-list-item"><a href="https://eml.wikipedia.org/wiki/Can" title="Can – Emilianisch" lang="egl" hreflang="egl" data-title="Can" data-language-autonym="Emiliàn e rumagnòl" data-language-local-name="Emilianisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Emiliàn e rumagnòl</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en mw-list-item"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dog" title="Dog – englais" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="Dog" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="englais" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo badge-Q17437798 badge-goodarticle mw-list-item" title="lesenswerter Artikel"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hundo" title="Hundo – esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Hundo" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es badge-Q70894304 mw-list-item" title=""><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Perro" title="Perro – spagnol" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Perro" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="spagnol" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Koer" title="Koer – eston" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Koer" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="eston" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Txakur" title="Txakur – basc" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Txakur" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="basc" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B3%DA%AF" title="سگ – persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="سگ" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Koira" title="Koira – finlandais" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Koira" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="finlandais" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fiu-vro mw-list-item"><a href="https://fiu-vro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pini" title="Pini – Võro" lang="vro" hreflang="vro" data-title="Pini" data-language-autonym="Võro" data-language-local-name="Võro" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Võro</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fj mw-list-item"><a href="https://fj.wikipedia.org/wiki/Koli" title="Koli – fidschian" lang="fj" hreflang="fj" data-title="Koli" data-language-autonym="Na Vosa Vakaviti" data-language-local-name="fidschian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Na Vosa Vakaviti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fo mw-list-item"><a href="https://fo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hundur" title="Hundur – feroais" lang="fo" hreflang="fo" data-title="Hundur" data-language-autonym="Føroyskt" data-language-local-name="feroais" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Føroyskt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fon mw-list-item"><a href="https://fon.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cuku" title="Cuku – fon" lang="fon" hreflang="fon" data-title="Cuku" data-language-autonym="Fɔ̀ngbè" data-language-local-name="fon" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Fɔ̀ngbè</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chien" title="Chien – franzos" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Chien" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="franzos" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-frp mw-list-item"><a href="https://frp.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chin" title="Chin – Frankoprovenzalisch" lang="frp" hreflang="frp" data-title="Chin" data-language-autonym="Arpetan" data-language-local-name="Frankoprovenzalisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Arpetan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-frr mw-list-item"><a href="https://frr.wikipedia.org/wiki/H%C3%BCsh%C3%BCnj" title="Hüshünj – fris dal nord" lang="frr" hreflang="frr" data-title="Hüshünj" data-language-autonym="Nordfriisk" data-language-local-name="fris dal nord" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nordfriisk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fur mw-list-item"><a href="https://fur.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cjan" title="Cjan – friulan" lang="fur" hreflang="fur" data-title="Cjan" data-language-autonym="Furlan" data-language-local-name="friulan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Furlan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fy mw-list-item"><a href="https://fy.wikipedia.org/wiki/H%C3%BBn" title="Hûn – fris" lang="fy" hreflang="fy" data-title="Hûn" data-language-autonym="Frysk" data-language-local-name="fris" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Frysk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ga mw-list-item"><a href="https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/Madra" title="Madra – irlandais" lang="ga" hreflang="ga" data-title="Madra" data-language-autonym="Gaeilge" data-language-local-name="irlandais" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaeilge</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gan mw-list-item"><a href="https://gan.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E7%8B%97" title="狗 – Gan" lang="gan" hreflang="gan" data-title="狗" data-language-autonym="贛語" data-language-local-name="Gan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>贛語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gd mw-list-item"><a href="https://gd.wikipedia.org/wiki/C%C3%B9" title="Cù – gaelic scot" lang="gd" hreflang="gd" data-title="Cù" data-language-autonym="Gàidhlig" data-language-local-name="gaelic scot" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gàidhlig</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Can" title="Can – galician" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Can" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="galician" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-glk mw-list-item"><a href="https://glk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B3%DA%A9" title="سک – Gilaki" lang="glk" hreflang="glk" data-title="سک" data-language-autonym="گیلکی" data-language-local-name="Gilaki" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>گیلکی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gn mw-list-item"><a href="https://gn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jagua" title="Jagua – guarani" lang="gn" hreflang="gn" data-title="Jagua" data-language-autonym="Avañe'ẽ" data-language-local-name="guarani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Avañe'ẽ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-got mw-list-item"><a href="https://got.wikipedia.org/wiki/%F0%90%8C%B7%F0%90%8C%BF%F0%90%8C%BD%F0%90%8C%B3%F0%90%8D%83" title="𐌷𐌿𐌽𐌳𐍃 – gotic" lang="got" hreflang="got" data-title="𐌷𐌿𐌽𐌳𐍃" data-language-autonym="𐌲𐌿𐍄𐌹𐍃𐌺" data-language-local-name="gotic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>𐌲𐌿𐍄𐌹𐍃𐌺</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-guc mw-list-item"><a href="https://guc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Er%C3%BC" title="Erü – Wayúu" lang="guc" hreflang="guc" data-title="Erü" data-language-autonym="Wayuunaiki" data-language-local-name="Wayúu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Wayuunaiki</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-guw mw-list-item"><a href="https://guw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Av%C3%BAn" title="Avún – Gun" lang="guw" hreflang="guw" data-title="Avún" data-language-autonym="Gungbe" data-language-local-name="Gun" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gungbe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gv mw-list-item"><a href="https://gv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Moddey" title="Moddey – manx" lang="gv" hreflang="gv" data-title="Moddey" data-language-autonym="Gaelg" data-language-local-name="manx" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaelg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ha mw-list-item"><a href="https://ha.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kare" title="Kare – haussa" lang="ha" hreflang="ha" data-title="Kare" data-language-autonym="Hausa" data-language-local-name="haussa" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hausa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hak mw-list-item"><a href="https://hak.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ki%C3%A9u-%C3%A9" title="Kiéu-é – Hakka" lang="hak" hreflang="hak" data-title="Kiéu-é" data-language-autonym="客家語 / Hak-kâ-ngî" data-language-local-name="Hakka" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>客家語 / Hak-kâ-ngî</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-haw mw-list-item"><a href="https://haw.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CA%BB%C4%AAlio" title="ʻĪlio – hawaian" lang="haw" hreflang="haw" data-title="ʻĪlio" data-language-autonym="Hawaiʻi" data-language-local-name="hawaian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hawaiʻi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%9B%D7%9C%D7%91_%D7%94%D7%91%D7%99%D7%AA" title="כלב הבית – ebraic" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="כלב הבית" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="ebraic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%81%E0%A4%A4%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A4%E0%A4%BE" title="कुत्ता – hindi" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="कुत्ता" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hif mw-list-item"><a href="https://hif.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kuttaa" title="Kuttaa – Fidschi-Hindi" lang="hif" hreflang="hif" data-title="Kuttaa" data-language-autonym="Fiji Hindi" data-language-local-name="Fidschi-Hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Fiji Hindi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Doma%C4%87i_pas" title="Domaći pas – croat" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Domaći pas" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="croat" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hsb mw-list-item"><a href="https://hsb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Domjacy_pos" title="Domjacy pos – aut sorb" lang="hsb" hreflang="hsb" data-title="Domjacy pos" data-language-autonym="Hornjoserbsce" data-language-local-name="aut sorb" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hornjoserbsce</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ht mw-list-item"><a href="https://ht.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chyen" title="Chyen – creol haitian" lang="ht" hreflang="ht" data-title="Chyen" data-language-autonym="Kreyòl ayisyen" data-language-local-name="creol haitian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kreyòl ayisyen</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kutya" title="Kutya – ungarais" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Kutya" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="ungarais" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D5%87%D5%B8%D6%82%D5%B6" title="Շուն – armen" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Շուն" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="armen" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hyw mw-list-item"><a href="https://hyw.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D5%87%D5%B8%D6%82%D5%B6" title="Շուն – Westarmenisch" lang="hyw" hreflang="hyw" data-title="Շուն" data-language-autonym="Արեւմտահայերէն" data-language-local-name="Westarmenisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Արեւմտահայերէն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ia mw-list-item"><a href="https://ia.wikipedia.org/wiki/Can" title="Can – interlingua" lang="ia" hreflang="ia" data-title="Can" data-language-autonym="Interlingua" data-language-local-name="interlingua" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Interlingua</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-iba mw-list-item"><a href="https://iba.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ukui" title="Ukui – iban" lang="iba" hreflang="iba" data-title="Ukui" data-language-autonym="Jaku Iban" data-language-local-name="iban" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Jaku Iban</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anjing" title="Anjing – indonais" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Anjing" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="indonais" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ik mw-list-item"><a href="https://ik.wikipedia.org/wiki/Qimmiq" title="Qimmiq – inupiak" lang="ik" hreflang="ik" data-title="Qimmiq" data-language-autonym="Iñupiatun" data-language-local-name="inupiak" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Iñupiatun</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ilo mw-list-item"><a href="https://ilo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aso" title="Aso – ilocano" lang="ilo" hreflang="ilo" data-title="Aso" data-language-autonym="Ilokano" data-language-local-name="ilocano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ilokano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-inh mw-list-item"><a href="https://inh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%96%D3%80%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B8" title="ЖӀали – ingush" lang="inh" hreflang="inh" data-title="ЖӀали" data-language-autonym="ГӀалгӀай" data-language-local-name="ingush" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ГӀалгӀай</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-io mw-list-item"><a href="https://io.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hundo" title="Hundo – ido" lang="io" hreflang="io" data-title="Hundo" data-language-autonym="Ido" data-language-local-name="ido" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ido</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is mw-list-item"><a href="https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hundur" title="Hundur – islandais" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="Hundur" data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="islandais" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Íslenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Canis_lupus_familiaris" title="Canis lupus familiaris – talian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Canis lupus familiaris" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="talian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-iu mw-list-item"><a href="https://iu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%95%BF%E1%96%95%E1%92%A5%E1%96%85" title="ᕿᖕᒥᖅ – inuktitut" lang="iu" hreflang="iu" data-title="ᕿᖕᒥᖅ" data-language-autonym="ᐃᓄᒃᑎᑐᑦ / inuktitut" data-language-local-name="inuktitut" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ᐃᓄᒃᑎᑐᑦ / inuktitut</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%82%A4%E3%83%8C" title="イヌ – giapunais" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="イヌ" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="giapunais" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jam mw-list-item"><a href="https://jam.wikipedia.org/wiki/Daag" title="Daag – Jamaikanisch-Kreolisch" lang="jam" hreflang="jam" data-title="Daag" data-language-autonym="Patois" data-language-local-name="Jamaikanisch-Kreolisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Patois</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jbo mw-list-item"><a href="https://jbo.wikipedia.org/wiki/gerku" title="gerku – lojban" lang="jbo" hreflang="jbo" data-title="gerku" data-language-autonym="La .lojban." data-language-local-name="lojban" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>La .lojban.</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jv mw-list-item"><a href="https://jv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Asu" title="Asu – javanais" lang="jv" hreflang="jv" data-title="Asu" data-language-autonym="Jawa" data-language-local-name="javanais" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Jawa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%A8%E1%83%98%E1%83%9C%E1%83%90%E1%83%A3%E1%83%A0%E1%83%98_%E1%83%AB%E1%83%90%E1%83%A6%E1%83%9A%E1%83%98" title="შინაური ძაღლი – georgian" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="შინაური ძაღლი" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="georgian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kab mw-list-item"><a href="https://kab.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aydi" title="Aydi – kabyle" lang="kab" hreflang="kab" data-title="Aydi" data-language-autonym="Taqbaylit" data-language-local-name="kabyle" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Taqbaylit</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kbp mw-list-item"><a href="https://kbp.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ha%C9%A3" title="Haɣ – Kabiyé" lang="kbp" hreflang="kbp" data-title="Haɣ" data-language-autonym="Kabɩyɛ" data-language-local-name="Kabiyé" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kabɩyɛ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kcg mw-list-item"><a href="https://kcg.wikipedia.org/wiki/A%CC%B1bwu" title="A̱bwu – tyap" lang="kcg" hreflang="kcg" data-title="A̱bwu" data-language-autonym="Tyap" data-language-local-name="tyap" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tyap</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kge mw-list-item"><a href="https://kge.wikipedia.org/wiki/Asu" title="Asu – Komering" lang="kge" hreflang="kge" data-title="Asu" data-language-autonym="Kumoring" data-language-local-name="Komering" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kumoring</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%98%D1%82" title="Ит – casac" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="Ит" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="casac" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Қазақша</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-km mw-list-item"><a href="https://km.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%9E%86%E1%9F%92%E1%9E%80%E1%9F%82" title="ឆ្កែ – cambodschan" lang="km" hreflang="km" data-title="ឆ្កែ" data-language-autonym="ភាសាខ្មែរ" data-language-local-name="cambodschan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ភាសាខ្មែរ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kn mw-list-item"><a href="https://kn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B2%A8%E0%B2%BE%E0%B2%AF%E0%B2%BF" title="ನಾಯಿ – kannada" lang="kn" hreflang="kn" data-title="ನಾಯಿ" data-language-autonym="ಕನ್ನಡ" data-language-local-name="kannada" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ಕನ್ನಡ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EA%B0%9C" title="개 – corean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="개" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="corean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-koi mw-list-item"><a href="https://koi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%BE%D0%BD" title="Пон – Komi-Permjakisch" lang="koi" hreflang="koi" data-title="Пон" data-language-autonym="Перем коми" data-language-local-name="Komi-Permjakisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Перем коми</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ks mw-list-item"><a href="https://ks.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DB%81%D9%88%D9%97%D9%86" title="ہوٗن – kashmiri" lang="ks" hreflang="ks" data-title="ہوٗن" data-language-autonym="कॉशुर / کٲشُر" data-language-local-name="kashmiri" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>कॉशुर / کٲشُر</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ksh mw-list-item"><a href="https://ksh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Honk" title="Honk – colognais" lang="ksh" hreflang="ksh" data-title="Honk" data-language-autonym="Ripoarisch" data-language-local-name="colognais" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ripoarisch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ku mw-list-item"><a href="https://ku.wikipedia.org/wiki/K%C3%BB%C3%A7ik" title="Kûçik – curd" lang="ku" hreflang="ku" data-title="Kûçik" data-language-autonym="Kurdî" data-language-local-name="curd" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kurdî</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kv mw-list-item"><a href="https://kv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%BE%D0%BD" title="Пон – komi" lang="kv" hreflang="kv" data-title="Пон" data-language-autonym="Коми" data-language-local-name="komi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Коми</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kw mw-list-item"><a href="https://kw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ki" title="Ki – cornic" lang="kw" hreflang="kw" data-title="Ki" data-language-autonym="Kernowek" data-language-local-name="cornic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kernowek</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ky mw-list-item"><a href="https://ky.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%98%D1%82" title="Ит – kirghis" lang="ky" hreflang="ky" data-title="Ит" data-language-autonym="Кыргызча" data-language-local-name="kirghis" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Кыргызча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Canis" title="Canis – latin" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Canis" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="latin" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lad mw-list-item"><a href="https://lad.wikipedia.org/wiki/Perro" title="Perro – ladino" lang="lad" hreflang="lad" data-title="Perro" data-language-autonym="Ladino" data-language-local-name="ladino" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ladino</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lb mw-list-item"><a href="https://lb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Haushond" title="Haushond – luxemburgais" lang="lb" hreflang="lb" data-title="Haushond" data-language-autonym="Lëtzebuergesch" data-language-local-name="luxemburgais" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lëtzebuergesch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lbe mw-list-item"><a href="https://lbe.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%87%D1%87%D0%B8" title="Ккаччи – Lakisch" lang="lbe" hreflang="lbe" data-title="Ккаччи" data-language-autonym="Лакку" data-language-local-name="Lakisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Лакку</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lez mw-list-item"><a href="https://lez.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B8%D1%86%D3%80" title="КицӀ – lezghian" lang="lez" hreflang="lez" data-title="КицӀ" data-language-autonym="Лезги" data-language-local-name="lezghian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Лезги</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lfn mw-list-item"><a href="https://lfn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Can" title="Can – Lingua Franca Nova" lang="lfn" hreflang="lfn" data-title="Can" data-language-autonym="Lingua Franca Nova" data-language-local-name="Lingua Franca Nova" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lingua Franca Nova</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lg mw-list-item"><a href="https://lg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mbwa" title="Mbwa – ganda" lang="lg" hreflang="lg" data-title="Mbwa" data-language-autonym="Luganda" data-language-local-name="ganda" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Luganda</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-li mw-list-item"><a href="https://li.wikipedia.org/wiki/H%C3%B3ndj" title="Hóndj – limburgais" lang="li" hreflang="li" data-title="Hóndj" data-language-autonym="Limburgs" data-language-local-name="limburgais" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Limburgs</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lij mw-list-item"><a href="https://lij.wikipedia.org/wiki/Can" title="Can – Ligurisch" lang="lij" hreflang="lij" data-title="Can" data-language-autonym="Ligure" data-language-local-name="Ligurisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ligure</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lld mw-list-item"><a href="https://lld.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cian" title="Cian – Ladinisch" lang="lld" hreflang="lld" data-title="Cian" data-language-autonym="Ladin" data-language-local-name="Ladinisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ladin</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ln mw-list-item"><a href="https://ln.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mbw%C3%A1" title="Mbwá – lingala" lang="ln" hreflang="ln" data-title="Mbwá" data-language-autonym="Lingála" data-language-local-name="lingala" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lingála</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lo mw-list-item"><a href="https://lo.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%BB%9D%E0%BA%B2" title="ໝາ – laot" lang="lo" hreflang="lo" data-title="ໝາ" data-language-autonym="ລາວ" data-language-local-name="laot" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ລາວ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C5%A0uo" title="Šuo – lituan" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Šuo" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="lituan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Suns" title="Suns – letton" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Suns" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="letton" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mai mw-list-item"><a href="https://mai.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%81%E0%A4%A4%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A4%E0%A4%BE" title="कुत्ता – maithili" lang="mai" hreflang="mai" data-title="कुत्ता" data-language-autonym="मैथिली" data-language-local-name="maithili" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>मैथिली</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mdf mw-list-item"><a href="https://mdf.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B5" title="Пине – moksha" lang="mdf" hreflang="mdf" data-title="Пине" data-language-autonym="Мокшень" data-language-local-name="moksha" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Мокшень</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mg mw-list-item"><a href="https://mg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alika" title="Alika – malagassi" lang="mg" hreflang="mg" data-title="Alika" data-language-autonym="Malagasy" data-language-local-name="malagassi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Malagasy</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mhr mw-list-item"><a href="https://mhr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%B8%D0%B9" title="Пий – Ostmari" lang="mhr" hreflang="mhr" data-title="Пий" data-language-autonym="Олык марий" data-language-local-name="Ostmari" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Олык марий</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mi mw-list-item"><a href="https://mi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kur%C4%AB" title="Kurī – maori" lang="mi" hreflang="mi" data-title="Kurī" data-language-autonym="Māori" data-language-local-name="maori" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Māori</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-min mw-list-item"><a href="https://min.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anjiang" title="Anjiang – minangkabau" lang="min" hreflang="min" data-title="Anjiang" data-language-autonym="Minangkabau" data-language-local-name="minangkabau" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Minangkabau</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D1%83%D1%87%D0%B5" title="Куче – macedon" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Куче" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="macedon" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="exzellenter Artikel"><a href="https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B4%A8%E0%B4%BE%E0%B4%AF" title="നായ – malayalam" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="നായ" data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="malayalam" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>മലയാളം</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mn mw-list-item"><a href="https://mn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9D%D0%BE%D1%85%D0%BE%D0%B9" title="Нохой – mongolic" lang="mn" hreflang="mn" data-title="Нохой" data-language-autonym="Монгол" data-language-local-name="mongolic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Монгол</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mni mw-list-item"><a href="https://mni.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EA%AF%8D%EA%AF%A8%EA%AF%A2" title="ꯍꯨꯢ – manipuri" lang="mni" hreflang="mni" data-title="ꯍꯨꯢ" data-language-autonym="ꯃꯤꯇꯩ ꯂꯣꯟ" data-language-local-name="manipuri" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ꯃꯤꯇꯩ ꯂꯣꯟ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mnw mw-list-item"><a href="https://mnw.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%80%80%E1%81%A0%E1%80%B5%E1%80%AF" title="ကၠဵု – Mon" lang="mnw" hreflang="mnw" data-title="ကၠဵု" data-language-autonym="ဘာသာမန်" data-language-local-name="Mon" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ဘာသာမန်</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mr mw-list-item"><a href="https://mr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%81%E0%A4%A4%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%BE" title="कुत्रा – marathi" lang="mr" hreflang="mr" data-title="कुत्रा" data-language-autonym="मराठी" data-language-local-name="marathi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>मराठी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mrj mw-list-item"><a href="https://mrj.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%B8" title="Пи – Bergmari" lang="mrj" hreflang="mrj" data-title="Пи" data-language-autonym="Кырык мары" data-language-local-name="Bergmari" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Кырык мары</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="exzellenter Artikel"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anjing" title="Anjing – malaic" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Anjing" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="malaic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mt mw-list-item"><a href="https://mt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kelb" title="Kelb – maltais" lang="mt" hreflang="mt" data-title="Kelb" data-language-autonym="Malti" data-language-local-name="maltais" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Malti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mwl mw-list-item"><a href="https://mwl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Perro" title="Perro – mirandais" lang="mwl" hreflang="mwl" data-title="Perro" data-language-autonym="Mirandés" data-language-local-name="mirandais" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Mirandés</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-my mw-list-item"><a href="https://my.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%80%81%E1%80%BD%E1%80%B1%E1%80%B8" title="ခွေး – birman" lang="my" hreflang="my" data-title="ခွေး" data-language-autonym="မြန်မာဘာသာ" data-language-local-name="birman" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>မြန်မာဘာသာ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-myv mw-list-item"><a href="https://myv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B8%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0" title="Киска – erzya" lang="myv" hreflang="myv" data-title="Киска" data-language-autonym="Эрзянь" data-language-local-name="erzya" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Эрзянь</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mzn mw-list-item"><a href="https://mzn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B3%DA%A9" title="سک – mazanderani" lang="mzn" hreflang="mzn" data-title="سک" data-language-autonym="مازِرونی" data-language-local-name="mazanderani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مازِرونی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nap mw-list-item"><a href="https://nap.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cane" title="Cane – neapolitan" lang="nap" hreflang="nap" data-title="Cane" data-language-autonym="Napulitano" data-language-local-name="neapolitan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Napulitano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nds mw-list-item"><a href="https://nds.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hund" title="Hund – bass tudestg" lang="nds" hreflang="nds" data-title="Hund" data-language-autonym="Plattdüütsch" data-language-local-name="bass tudestg" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Plattdüütsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nds-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nds-nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hond" title="Hond – Niedersächsisch" lang="nds-NL" hreflang="nds-NL" data-title="Hond" data-language-autonym="Nedersaksies" data-language-local-name="Niedersächsisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nedersaksies</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ne mw-list-item"><a href="https://ne.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%81%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%81%E0%A4%B0" title="कुकुर – nepalais" lang="ne" hreflang="ne" data-title="कुकुर" data-language-autonym="नेपाली" data-language-local-name="nepalais" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>नेपाली</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-new mw-list-item"><a href="https://new.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%96%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%9A%E0%A4%BE" title="खिचा – newari" lang="new" hreflang="new" data-title="खिचा" data-language-autonym="नेपाल भाषा" data-language-local-name="newari" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>नेपाल भाषा</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nia mw-list-item"><a href="https://nia.wikipedia.org/wiki/Asu" title="Asu – nias" lang="nia" hreflang="nia" data-title="Asu" data-language-autonym="Li Niha" data-language-local-name="nias" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Li Niha</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hond" title="Hond – ollandais" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Hond" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="ollandais" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hund" title="Hund – norvegiais nynorsk" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Hund" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="norvegiais nynorsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="exzellenter Artikel"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tamhund" title="Tamhund – norvegais bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Tamhund" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="norvegais bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nrm mw-list-item"><a href="https://nrm.wikipedia.org/wiki/Quien" title="Quien – Normannisch" lang="nrf" hreflang="nrf" data-title="Quien" data-language-autonym="Nouormand" data-language-local-name="Normannisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nouormand</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nso mw-list-item"><a href="https://nso.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mp%C5%A1a" title="Mpša – sotho dal nord" lang="nso" hreflang="nso" data-title="Mpša" data-language-autonym="Sesotho sa Leboa" data-language-local-name="sotho dal nord" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sesotho sa Leboa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nv mw-list-item"><a href="https://nv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C5%81%C3%A9%C3%A9ch%C4%85%C4%85%CA%BC%C3%AD" title="Łééchąąʼí – navajo" lang="nv" hreflang="nv" data-title="Łééchąąʼí" data-language-autonym="Diné bizaad" data-language-local-name="navajo" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Diné bizaad</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-oc mw-list-item"><a href="https://oc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Canis_lupus_familiaris" title="Canis lupus familiaris – occitan" lang="oc" hreflang="oc" data-title="Canis lupus familiaris" data-language-autonym="Occitan" data-language-local-name="occitan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Occitan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-olo mw-list-item"><a href="https://olo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Koiru" title="Koiru – Olonetzisch" lang="olo" hreflang="olo" data-title="Koiru" data-language-autonym="Livvinkarjala" data-language-local-name="Olonetzisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Livvinkarjala</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-or mw-list-item"><a href="https://or.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AC%95%E0%AD%81%E0%AC%95%E0%AD%81%E0%AC%B0" title="କୁକୁର – oriya" lang="or" hreflang="or" data-title="କୁକୁର" data-language-autonym="ଓଡ଼ିଆ" data-language-local-name="oriya" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ଓଡ଼ିଆ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-os mw-list-item"><a href="https://os.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D1%83%D1%8B%D0%B4%D0%B7" title="Куыдз – ossetic" lang="os" hreflang="os" data-title="Куыдз" data-language-autonym="Ирон" data-language-local-name="ossetic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ирон</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pa mw-list-item"><a href="https://pa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A8%95%E0%A9%81%E0%A9%B1%E0%A8%A4%E0%A8%BE" title="ਕੁੱਤਾ – punjabi" lang="pa" hreflang="pa" data-title="ਕੁੱਤਾ" data-language-autonym="ਪੰਜਾਬੀ" data-language-local-name="punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ਪੰਜਾਬੀ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pam mw-list-item"><a href="https://pam.wikipedia.org/wiki/Asu" title="Asu – pampanga" lang="pam" hreflang="pam" data-title="Asu" data-language-autonym="Kapampangan" data-language-local-name="pampanga" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kapampangan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pap mw-list-item"><a href="https://pap.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kacho" title="Kacho – papiamento" lang="pap" hreflang="pap" data-title="Kacho" data-language-autonym="Papiamentu" data-language-local-name="papiamento" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Papiamentu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pcd mw-list-item"><a href="https://pcd.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kien" title="Kien – Picardisch" lang="pcd" hreflang="pcd" data-title="Kien" data-language-autonym="Picard" data-language-local-name="Picardisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Picard</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pdc mw-list-item"><a href="https://pdc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hund" title="Hund – Pennsylvaniadeutsch" lang="pdc" hreflang="pdc" data-title="Hund" data-language-autonym="Deitsch" data-language-local-name="Pennsylvaniadeutsch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deitsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pies_domowy" title="Pies domowy – polac" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Pies domowy" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="polac" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pms mw-list-item"><a href="https://pms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Can" title="Can – Piemontesisch" lang="pms" hreflang="pms" data-title="Can" data-language-autonym="Piemontèis" data-language-local-name="Piemontesisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Piemontèis</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pnb mw-list-item"><a href="https://pnb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%A9%D8%AA%D8%A7" title="کتا – Westliches Panjabi" lang="pnb" hreflang="pnb" data-title="کتا" data-language-autonym="پنجابی" data-language-local-name="Westliches Panjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پنجابی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ps mw-list-item"><a href="https://ps.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B3%D9%BE%DB%8C" title="سپی – paschto" lang="ps" hreflang="ps" data-title="سپی" data-language-autonym="پښتو" data-language-local-name="paschto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پښتو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/C%C3%A3o" title="Cão – portugais" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Cão" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="portugais" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pwn mw-list-item"><a href="https://pwn.wikipedia.org/wiki/vatu" title="vatu – Paiwan" lang="pwn" hreflang="pwn" data-title="vatu" data-language-autonym="Pinayuanan" data-language-local-name="Paiwan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Pinayuanan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-qu mw-list-item"><a href="https://qu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Allqu" title="Allqu – quechua" lang="qu" hreflang="qu" data-title="Allqu" data-language-autonym="Runa Simi" data-language-local-name="quechua" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Runa Simi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-rmy mw-list-item"><a href="https://rmy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Juklo" title="Juklo – Vlax-Romani" lang="rmy" hreflang="rmy" data-title="Juklo" data-language-autonym="Romani čhib" data-language-local-name="Vlax-Romani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Romani čhib</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/C%C3%A2ine" title="Câine – rumen" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Câine" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="rumen" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-roa-rup mw-list-item"><a href="https://roa-rup.wikipedia.org/wiki/C%C3%A2ni" title="Câni – aromunic" lang="rup" hreflang="rup" data-title="Câni" data-language-autonym="Armãneashti" data-language-local-name="aromunic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Armãneashti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%BE%D0%B1%D0%B0%D0%BA%D0%B0" title="Собака – russ" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Собака" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="russ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-rue mw-list-item"><a href="https://rue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%B5%D1%81" title="Пес – Russinisch" lang="rue" hreflang="rue" data-title="Пес" data-language-autonym="Русиньскый" data-language-local-name="Russinisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русиньскый</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-rw mw-list-item"><a href="https://rw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Imbwa" title="Imbwa – kinyarwanda" lang="rw" hreflang="rw" data-title="Imbwa" data-language-autonym="Ikinyarwanda" data-language-local-name="kinyarwanda" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ikinyarwanda</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sa mw-list-item"><a href="https://sa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B6%E0%A5%81%E0%A4%A8%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%83" title="शुनकः – sanscrit" lang="sa" hreflang="sa" data-title="शुनकः" data-language-autonym="संस्कृतम्" data-language-local-name="sanscrit" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>संस्कृतम्</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sah mw-list-item"><a href="https://sah.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%AB%D1%82" title="Ыт – jakut" lang="sah" hreflang="sah" data-title="Ыт" data-language-autonym="Саха тыла" data-language-local-name="jakut" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Саха тыла</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sat mw-list-item"><a href="https://sat.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%B1%A5%E1%B1%AE%E1%B1%9B%E1%B1%9F" title="ᱥᱮᱛᱟ – santali" lang="sat" hreflang="sat" data-title="ᱥᱮᱛᱟ" data-language-autonym="ᱥᱟᱱᱛᱟᱲᱤ" data-language-local-name="santali" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ᱥᱟᱱᱛᱟᱲᱤ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sc mw-list-item"><a href="https://sc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cane" title="Cane – sard" lang="sc" hreflang="sc" data-title="Cane" data-language-autonym="Sardu" data-language-local-name="sard" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sardu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-scn mw-list-item"><a href="https://scn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Canis_lupus_familiaris" title="Canis lupus familiaris – sicilian" lang="scn" hreflang="scn" data-title="Canis lupus familiaris" data-language-autonym="Sicilianu" data-language-local-name="sicilian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sicilianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sco mw-list-item"><a href="https://sco.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dug" title="Dug – scot" lang="sco" hreflang="sco" data-title="Dug" data-language-autonym="Scots" data-language-local-name="scot" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Scots</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sd mw-list-item"><a href="https://sd.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%AA%D8%AA%D9%88" title="ڪتو – sindhi" lang="sd" hreflang="sd" data-title="ڪتو" data-language-autonym="سنڌي" data-language-local-name="sindhi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>سنڌي</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pas" title="Pas – serbo-croat" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Pas" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="serbo-croat" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-shn mw-list-item"><a href="https://shn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%80%99%E1%82%83" title="မႃ – shan" lang="shn" hreflang="shn" data-title="မႃ" data-language-autonym="ၽႃႇသႃႇတႆး " data-language-local-name="shan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ၽႃႇသႃႇတႆး </span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-si mw-list-item"><a href="https://si.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B6%B6%E0%B6%BD%E0%B7%8A%E0%B6%BD%E0%B7%9D" title="බල්ලෝ – singalais" lang="si" hreflang="si" data-title="බල්ලෝ" data-language-autonym="සිංහල" data-language-local-name="singalais" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>සිංහල</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple badge-Q17437798 badge-goodarticle mw-list-item" title="lesenswerter Artikel"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dog" title="Dog – einfaches Englisch" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Dog" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="einfaches Englisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pes_dom%C3%A1ci" title="Pes domáci – slovac" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Pes domáci" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="slovac" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-skr mw-list-item"><a href="https://skr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%A9%D8%AA%D8%A7" title="کتا – Saraiki" lang="skr" hreflang="skr" data-title="کتا" data-language-autonym="سرائیکی" data-language-local-name="Saraiki" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>سرائیکی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Doma%C4%8Di_pes" title="Domači pes – sloven" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Domači pes" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="sloven" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sm mw-list-item"><a href="https://sm.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maile" title="Maile – samoan" lang="sm" hreflang="sm" data-title="Maile" data-language-autonym="Gagana Samoa" data-language-local-name="samoan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gagana Samoa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-smn mw-list-item"><a href="https://smn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Peenuv" title="Peenuv – sami inari" lang="smn" hreflang="smn" data-title="Peenuv" data-language-autonym="Anarâškielâ" data-language-local-name="sami inari" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Anarâškielâ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sn mw-list-item"><a href="https://sn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Imbwa" title="Imbwa – shona" lang="sn" hreflang="sn" data-title="Imbwa" data-language-autonym="ChiShona" data-language-local-name="shona" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ChiShona</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-so mw-list-item"><a href="https://so.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ey" title="Ey – somali" lang="so" hreflang="so" data-title="Ey" data-language-autonym="Soomaaliga" data-language-local-name="somali" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Soomaaliga</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sq mw-list-item"><a href="https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Qeni" title="Qeni – albanais" lang="sq" hreflang="sq" data-title="Qeni" data-language-autonym="Shqip" data-language-local-name="albanais" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Shqip</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%B0%D1%81" title="Пас – serb" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Пас" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="serb" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-srn mw-list-item"><a href="https://srn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dagu" title="Dagu – sranan tongo" lang="srn" hreflang="srn" data-title="Dagu" data-language-autonym="Sranantongo" data-language-local-name="sranan tongo" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sranantongo</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-stq mw-list-item"><a href="https://stq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Huund" title="Huund – Saterfriesisch" lang="stq" hreflang="stq" data-title="Huund" data-language-autonym="Seeltersk" data-language-local-name="Saterfriesisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Seeltersk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-su mw-list-item"><a href="https://su.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anjing" title="Anjing – sundanais" lang="su" hreflang="su" data-title="Anjing" data-language-autonym="Sunda" data-language-local-name="sundanais" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sunda</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hund" title="Hund – svedais" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Hund" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="svedais" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sw mw-list-item"><a href="https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mbwa-kaya" title="Mbwa-kaya – suahili" lang="sw" hreflang="sw" data-title="Mbwa-kaya" data-language-autonym="Kiswahili" data-language-local-name="suahili" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kiswahili</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-szl mw-list-item"><a href="https://szl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pjes" title="Pjes – Schlesisch (Wasserpolnisch)" lang="szl" hreflang="szl" data-title="Pjes" data-language-autonym="Ślůnski" data-language-local-name="Schlesisch (Wasserpolnisch)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ślůnski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-szy mw-list-item"><a href="https://szy.wikipedia.org/wiki/wacu" title="wacu – Sakizaya" lang="szy" hreflang="szy" data-title="wacu" data-language-autonym="Sakizaya" data-language-local-name="Sakizaya" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sakizaya</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%A8%E0%AE%BE%E0%AE%AF%E0%AF%8D" title="நாய் – tamil" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="நாய்" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="tamil" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>தமிழ்</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tay mw-list-item"><a href="https://tay.wikipedia.org/wiki/huzil" title="huzil – Tayal" lang="tay" hreflang="tay" data-title="huzil" data-language-autonym="Tayal" data-language-local-name="Tayal" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tayal</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tcy mw-list-item"><a href="https://tcy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B2%A8%E0%B2%BE%E0%B2%AF%E0%B2%BF" title="ನಾಯಿ – Tulu" lang="tcy" hreflang="tcy" data-title="ನಾಯಿ" data-language-autonym="ತುಳು" data-language-local-name="Tulu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ತುಳು</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tdd mw-list-item"><a href="https://tdd.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%A5%9B%E1%A5%A3%E1%A5%B4" title="ᥛᥣᥴ – Tai Nüa" lang="tdd" hreflang="tdd" data-title="ᥛᥣᥴ" data-language-autonym="ᥖᥭᥰ ᥖᥬᥲ ᥑᥨᥒᥰ" data-language-local-name="Tai Nüa" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ᥖᥭᥰ ᥖᥬᥲ ᥑᥨᥒᥰ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-te mw-list-item"><a href="https://te.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B0%95%E0%B1%81%E0%B0%95%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%95" title="కుక్క – telugu" lang="te" hreflang="te" data-title="కుక్క" data-language-autonym="తెలుగు" data-language-local-name="telugu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>తెలుగు</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tg mw-list-item"><a href="https://tg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%B0%D0%B3" title="Саг – tadjik" lang="tg" hreflang="tg" data-title="Саг" data-language-autonym="Тоҷикӣ" data-language-local-name="tadjik" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Тоҷикӣ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%AB%E0%B8%A1%E0%B8%B2" title="หมา – tailandais" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="หมา" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="tailandais" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tk mw-list-item"><a href="https://tk.wikipedia.org/wiki/It" title="It – turkmen" lang="tk" hreflang="tk" data-title="It" data-language-autonym="Türkmençe" data-language-local-name="turkmen" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkmençe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tl mw-list-item"><a href="https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aso" title="Aso – tagalog" lang="tl" hreflang="tl" data-title="Aso" data-language-autonym="Tagalog" data-language-local-name="tagalog" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tagalog</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tly mw-list-item"><a href="https://tly.wikipedia.org/wiki/Syp%C9%99" title="Sypə – Talisch" lang="tly" hreflang="tly" data-title="Sypə" data-language-autonym="Tolışi" data-language-local-name="Talisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tolışi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/K%C3%B6pek" title="Köpek – tirc" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Köpek" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="tirc" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-trv mw-list-item"><a href="https://trv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Huling" title="Huling – Taroko" lang="trv" hreflang="trv" data-title="Huling" data-language-autonym="Seediq" data-language-local-name="Taroko" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Seediq</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tt mw-list-item"><a href="https://tt.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%AD%D1%82" title="Эт – tatar" lang="tt" hreflang="tt" data-title="Эт" data-language-autonym="Татарча / tatarça" data-language-local-name="tatar" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Татарча / tatarça</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tum mw-list-item"><a href="https://tum.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nchebe" title="Nchebe – tumbuka" lang="tum" hreflang="tum" data-title="Nchebe" data-language-autonym="ChiTumbuka" data-language-local-name="tumbuka" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ChiTumbuka</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tyv mw-list-item"><a href="https://tyv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%AB%D1%82" title="Ыт – tuvinian" lang="tyv" hreflang="tyv" data-title="Ыт" data-language-autonym="Тыва дыл" data-language-local-name="tuvinian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Тыва дыл</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-udm mw-list-item"><a href="https://udm.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D1%83%D0%BD%D1%8B" title="Пуны – udmurt" lang="udm" hreflang="udm" data-title="Пуны" data-language-autonym="Удмурт" data-language-local-name="udmurt" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Удмурт</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ug mw-list-item"><a href="https://ug.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A6%D9%89%D8%AA" title="ئىت – uiguric" lang="ug" hreflang="ug" data-title="ئىت" data-language-autonym="ئۇيغۇرچە / Uyghurche" data-language-local-name="uiguric" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ئۇيغۇرچە / Uyghurche</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%B5%D1%81_%D1%81%D0%B2%D1%96%D0%B9%D1%81%D1%8C%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%B9" title="Пес свійський – ucranais" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Пес свійський" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="ucranais" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%A9%D8%AA%D8%A7" title="کتا – urdu" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="کتا" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="urdu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>اردو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/It" title="It – usbec" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="It" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="usbec" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vec mw-list-item"><a href="https://vec.wikipedia.org/wiki/Canis_lupus_familiaris" title="Canis lupus familiaris – Venetisch" lang="vec" hreflang="vec" data-title="Canis lupus familiaris" data-language-autonym="Vèneto" data-language-local-name="Venetisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Vèneto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vep mw-list-item"><a href="https://vep.wikipedia.org/wiki/Koir" title="Koir – Wepsisch" lang="vep" hreflang="vep" data-title="Koir" data-language-autonym="Vepsän kel’" data-language-local-name="Wepsisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Vepsän kel’</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ch%C3%B3" title="Chó – vietnamais" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Chó" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="vietnamais" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vls mw-list-item"><a href="https://vls.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hound" title="Hound – Westflämisch" lang="vls" hreflang="vls" data-title="Hound" data-language-autonym="West-Vlams" data-language-local-name="Westflämisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>West-Vlams</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vo mw-list-item"><a href="https://vo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dog" title="Dog – volapuk" lang="vo" hreflang="vo" data-title="Dog" data-language-autonym="Volapük" data-language-local-name="volapuk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Volapük</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wa mw-list-item"><a href="https://wa.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tch%C3%A9n" title="Tchén – vallon" lang="wa" hreflang="wa" data-title="Tchén" data-language-autonym="Walon" data-language-local-name="vallon" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Walon</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-war mw-list-item"><a href="https://war.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ayam" title="Ayam – waray" lang="war" hreflang="war" data-title="Ayam" data-language-autonym="Winaray" data-language-local-name="waray" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Winaray</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wo mw-list-item"><a href="https://wo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Xaj" title="Xaj – wolof" lang="wo" hreflang="wo" data-title="Xaj" data-language-autonym="Wolof" data-language-local-name="wolof" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Wolof</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E7%8B%97" title="狗 – Wu" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="狗" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="Wu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>吴语</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-xal mw-list-item"><a href="https://xal.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9D%D0%BE%D1%85%D0%B0" title="Ноха – kalmuk" lang="xal" hreflang="xal" data-title="Ноха" data-language-autonym="Хальмг" data-language-local-name="kalmuk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Хальмг</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-xh mw-list-item"><a href="https://xh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Inja" title="Inja – xhosa" lang="xh" hreflang="xh" data-title="Inja" data-language-autonym="IsiXhosa" data-language-local-name="xhosa" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>IsiXhosa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-xmf mw-list-item"><a href="https://xmf.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%AF%E1%83%9D%E1%83%A6%E1%83%9D%E1%83%A0%E1%83%98" title="ჯოღორი – Mingrelisch" lang="xmf" hreflang="xmf" data-title="ჯოღორი" data-language-autonym="მარგალური" data-language-local-name="Mingrelisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>მარგალური</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-yi mw-list-item"><a href="https://yi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%94%D7%95%D7%A0%D7%98" title="הונט – jiddic" lang="yi" hreflang="yi" data-title="הונט" data-language-autonym="ייִדיש" data-language-local-name="jiddic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ייִדיש</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-yo mw-list-item"><a href="https://yo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aj%C3%A1" title="Ajá – yoruba" lang="yo" hreflang="yo" data-title="Ajá" data-language-autonym="Yorùbá" data-language-local-name="yoruba" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Yorùbá</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-za mw-list-item"><a href="https://za.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ma" title="Ma – zhuang" lang="za" hreflang="za" data-title="Ma" data-language-autonym="Vahcuengh" data-language-local-name="zhuang" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Vahcuengh</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E7%8A%AC" title="犬 – chinais" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="犬" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="chinais" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-classical mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-classical.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E7%8A%AC" title="犬 – Klassisches Chinesisch" lang="lzh" hreflang="lzh" data-title="犬" data-language-autonym="文言" data-language-local-name="Klassisches Chinesisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>文言</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-min-nan mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-min-nan.wikipedia.org/wiki/K%C3%A1u" title="Káu – Min Nan" lang="nan" hreflang="nan" data-title="Káu" data-language-autonym="閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú" data-language-local-name="Min Nan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E7%8B%97" title="狗 – cantonais" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="狗" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="cantonais" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>粵語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zu mw-list-item"><a href="https://zu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Inja" title="Inja – zulu" lang="zu" hreflang="zu" data-title="Inja" data-language-autonym="IsiZulu" data-language-local-name="zulu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>IsiZulu</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q144#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Modifitgar las colliaziuns tar autras linguas" class="wbc-editpage">Modifitgar colliaziuns</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="Tip da pagina"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-nstab-main" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Chaun" title="Mussar l'artitgel [c]" accesskey="c"><span>Artitgel</span></a></li><li id="ca-talk" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Discussiun:Chaun" rel="discussion" title="Discussiuns davart il cuntegn da l'artitgel [t]" accesskey="t"><span>Discussiun</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown emptyPortlet" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Sprachvariante ändern" > <label id="vector-variants-dropdown-label" for="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">rumantsch</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-variants" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-variants emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> <div id="right-navigation" class="vector-collapsible"> <nav aria-label="Questa pagina"> <div id="p-views" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-views" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-view" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Chaun"><span>Leger</span></a></li><li id="ca-ve-edit" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Chaun&veaction=edit" title="Modifitgar questa pagina [v]" accesskey="v"><span>Modifitgar</span></a></li><li id="ca-edit" class="collapsible vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Chaun&action=edit" title="Modifitgar il code da funtauna da questa pagina [e]" accesskey="e"><span>Modifitgar il code</span></a></li><li id="ca-history" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Chaun&action=history" title="Versiuns pli veglias da questa pagina [h]" accesskey="h"><span>Cronologia</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Seitenwerkzeuge"> <div id="vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-tools-dropdown" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Utensils" > <label id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-label" for="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Utensils</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> <div id="vector-page-tools" class="vector-page-tools vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-page-tools-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-unpinned" data-feature-name="page-tools-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-page-tools" data-pinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Werkzeuge</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.pin">In die Seitenleiste verschieben</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.unpin">Verbergen</button> </div> <div id="p-cactions" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-cactions emptyPortlet vector-has-collapsible-items" title="Weitere Optionen" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Aktionen </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-more-view" class="selected vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Chaun"><span>Leger</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-ve-edit" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Chaun&veaction=edit" title="Modifitgar questa pagina [v]" accesskey="v"><span>Modifitgar</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-edit" class="collapsible vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Chaun&action=edit" title="Modifitgar il code da funtauna da questa pagina [e]" accesskey="e"><span>Modifitgar il code</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-history" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Chaun&action=history"><span>Cronologia</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-tb" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-tb" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Allgemein </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="t-whatlinkshere" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Spezial:Linkliste/Chaun" title="Glista da tut las paginas vichi che mussan sin questa pagina [j]" accesskey="j"><span>Colliaziuns sin questa pagina</span></a></li><li id="t-recentchangeslinked" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Spezial:%C3%84nderungen_an_verlinkten_Seiten/Chaun" rel="nofollow" title="Ultimas midadas sin paginas colliadas cun questa pagina [k]" accesskey="k"><span>Modificaziuns sin paginas colliadas</span></a></li><li id="t-specialpages" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Spezial:Spezialseiten" title="Glista da tut las paginas spezialas [q]" accesskey="q"><span>Paginas spezialas</span></a></li><li id="t-permalink" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Chaun&oldid=160652" title="Link permanent tar questa versiun da la pagina"><span>Colliaziun permanenta</span></a></li><li id="t-info" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Chaun&action=info" title="Weitere Informationen über diese Seite"><span>Infurmaziuns da la pagina</span></a></li><li id="t-cite" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Spezial:Zitierhilfe&page=Chaun&id=160652&wpFormIdentifier=titleform" title="Hinweise, wie diese Seite zitiert werden kann"><span>Citar questa pagina</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Spezial:URL-K%C3%BCrzung&url=https%3A%2F%2Frm.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2FChaun"><span>Gekürzte URL abrufen</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener-qrcode" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Spezial:QrCode&url=https%3A%2F%2Frm.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2FChaun"><span>QR-Code runterladen</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-coll-print_export" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-coll-print_export" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Stampar/exportar </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="coll-create_a_book" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Spezial:Buch&bookcmd=book_creator&referer=Chaun"><span>Crear in cudesch</span></a></li><li id="coll-download-as-rl" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Spezial:DownloadAsPdf&page=Chaun&action=show-download-screen"><span>Telechargiar sco PDF</span></a></li><li id="t-print" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Chaun&printable=yes" title="Versiun per stampar da questa pagina [p]" accesskey="p"><span>Versiun per stampar</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-wikibase-otherprojects" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-wikibase-otherprojects" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> En auters projects </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-commons mw-list-item"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Dog" hreflang="en"><span>Wikimedia Commons</span></a></li><li class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-species badge-Q70893996 mw-list-item" title=""><a href="https://species.wikimedia.org/wiki/Canis_lupus_familiaris" hreflang="en"><span>Wikispecies</span></a></li><li id="t-wikibase" class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-wikibase-dataitem mw-list-item"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q144" title="Link zum verbundenen Objekt im Datenrepositorium [g]" accesskey="g"><span>Wikidata object</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-column-end"> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Seitenwerkzeuge"> <div id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="Erscheinungsbild"> <div id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-appearance" class="vector-appearance vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-appearance-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="appearance-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-appearance" data-pinned-container-id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Erscheinungsbild</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.pin">In die Seitenleiste verschieben</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.unpin">Verbergen</button> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div id="bodyContent" class="vector-body" aria-labelledby="firstHeading" data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">Ord Wikipedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="rm" dir="ltr"><table class="infobox_v2 boxshadow" cellspacing="2" cellpadding="2" style="padding:7px; background-color:#f9f9f9"> <tbody><tr> <td colspan="2" class="entete" style="background-color:#D3D3A4; color:black;">Chaun </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" style="text-align: center; padding:7px 0 0 0;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Datoteca:Sennenhund.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f4/Sennenhund.jpg/280px-Sennenhund.jpg" decoding="async" width="280" height="223" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f4/Sennenhund.jpg/420px-Sennenhund.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f4/Sennenhund.jpg/560px-Sennenhund.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="956" /></a></span> </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-size:95%">Las quatter razzas da chauns-pasturs: Grond chaun-pastur svizzer, chaun-pastur bernais, chaun-pastur appenzellais, chaun pastur da l’Entlebuch</span> </td></tr> <tr> <th colspan="2" style="background-color:#D3D3A4; color:black; text-align: center; padding: 3px; line-height: 17px;">Classificaziun </th></tr> <tr> <th>Urden </th> <td>Carnivora </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" style="border-bottom: 1px dotted #7F7F7F;"> </td></tr> <tr> <th>Superfamiglia </th> <td>Canoidea </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" style="border-bottom: 1px dotted #7F7F7F;"> </td></tr> <tr> <th>Famiglia </th> <td>Chauns (Canidae) </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" style="border-bottom: 1px dotted #7F7F7F;"> </td></tr> <tr> <th>Gener </th> <td><i>Canis</i> </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" style="border-bottom: 1px dotted #7F7F7F;"> </td></tr> <tr> <th>Spezia </th> <td>Luf (<i>Canis lupus</i>) </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" style="border-bottom: 1px dotted #7F7F7F;"> </td></tr> <tr> <th>Sutspezia </th> <td>chaun </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" style="border-bottom: 1px dotted #7F7F7F;"> </td></tr> <tr> <th colspan="2" style="background-color:#D3D3A4; color:black; text-align: center; padding: 3px; line-height: 17px;">Num scientific </th></tr> <tr> <th colspan="2" style="vertical-align:center; text-align: center; line-height:13px;"><i><b>Canis lupus familiaris</b></i><br /><small>(Linnaeus, 1758)</small> </th></tr> </tbody></table> <p>Il <b>chaun</b> (<i>Canis lupus familiaris</i>) è in animal da chasa che vegn tegnì sco animal da cumpagnia e/u sco animal da niz. Sia furma selvadia originara è il <a href="/wiki/Luf" title="Luf">luf</a>; a quel è il chaun attribuì sco sutspezia. Cura che la domesticaziun dal chaun ha gì lieu n’è betg dal tut cler; las stimaziuns scientificas tanschan da 15 000 fin 100 000 onns avant noss temp. </p><p>Chauns vegnan per ordinari tegnids en u enturn chasa, èn pia disads a la societad umana e vegnan educads a la convivenza cun l’uman. Da questa furma da viver usitada dal chaun èn da differenziar chauns che vivan en libra natira, ch’èn daventads selvadis u che vagabundeschan; bain sa tracti er tar quels d’animals dumestitgads (damai ch’els appartegnan a la sutspezia domesticada dal luf), ma els n’èn betg socialisads.<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Er tar il <a href="/w/index.php?title=Dingo&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Dingo (n'exista betg)">dingo</a> (cf. sutvart) sa tracti d’in chaun; provisoricamain vegn quel però manà sco atgna sutspezia dal luf.<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Populaziun">Populaziun</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Chaun&veaction=edit&section=1" title="Modifitgar secziun: Populaziun" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modifitgar</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Chaun&action=edit&section=1" title="Quellcode des Abschnitts bearbeiten: Populaziun"><span>modifitgar il code</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>En tut il mund stiman ins ch’i vivian radund 500 milliuns chauns, da quai ca. 75 % en libertad.<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> En blers pajais furma la controlla da la populaziun da chauns in problem. Sut l’aspect da la vischinanza tar l’uman e da la convivenza sociala cun quel sa laschan ils chauns sutdivider en las suandantas gruppas: </p> <ul><li>selvadi: vivan dapi millis onns en libertad (p.ex. il dingo)</li> <li>daventà selvadi: vivan dapi intginas generaziuns a moda selvadia</li> <li>en libertad senza possessur: chauns abandunads u naschids d’ina chogna abandunada</li> <li>en libertad en il vitg: plitost en possess da l’entir vischinadi che d’in singul tegnairchasa; la libertad da sa mover n’è betg restrenschida</li> <li>en libertad en ina famiglia: han in possessur, ma lur libertad da sa mover n’è betg restrenschida</li> <li>restrenschì: han in possessur, lur libertad da sa mover è restrenschida (temp da spassegiada, tschinta).</li></ul> <p>La moda da viver ed il bainesser dals chauns dependa fitg ferm da la dumonda co ch’els vegnan tegnids dals umans, cun ils quals els vivan ensemen. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Anatomia">Anatomia</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Chaun&veaction=edit&section=2" title="Modifitgar secziun: Anatomia" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modifitgar</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Chaun&action=edit&section=2" title="Quellcode des Abschnitts bearbeiten: Anatomia"><span>modifitgar il code</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Denominaziuns">Denominaziuns</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Chaun&veaction=edit&section=3" title="Modifitgar secziun: Denominaziuns" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modifitgar</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Chaun&action=edit&section=3" title="Quellcode des Abschnitts bearbeiten: Denominaziuns"><span>modifitgar il code</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Datoteca:Anatomy_dog.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/38/Anatomy_dog.png/300px-Anatomy_dog.png" decoding="async" width="300" height="200" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/38/Anatomy_dog.png/450px-Anatomy_dog.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/38/Anatomy_dog.png/600px-Anatomy_dog.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="800" /></a><figcaption>Denominaziun da las singulas parts dal chaun</figcaption></figure> <ol><li>stop (distanza tranter il frunt ed il nas)</li> <li>gnif</li> <li>palletsch</li> <li>spatla</li> <li>giugadira dal cundun</li> <li>pe davant</li> <li>groppa (punct il pli aut da la part davos)</li> <li>chalun</li> <li>giarlet</li> <li>pe davos</li> <li>spitg dal dies u vadrisch</li> <li>giugadira dal schanugl</li> <li>chommas cun toppas</li> <li>cua</li></ol> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Dents">Dents</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Chaun&veaction=edit&section=4" title="Modifitgar secziun: Dents" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modifitgar</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Chaun&action=edit&section=4" title="Quellcode des Abschnitts bearbeiten: Dents"><span>modifitgar il code</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>La dentadira stabla dal chaun dumbra 42 dents. Quella ha en mintga vart da la missella sura e sut 3 dents incisivs, 1 dent chanin, 4 premolars e 3 (resp. 2) premolars en mintga vart da la missella sut (resp. sura). </p><p>Mintgamai in dals molars è spezialmain ferm e serva sco dent da stgarpar. En la missella sura è quai il P4, en la missella sut il M1, pia adina il terz davos dent. Quels tschiffan in en l’auter e servan a stgarpar tocs charn. </p><p>La posiziun dals dents è fitg variabla e po sa distinguer vaira ferm tranter las singulas razzas da chauns. Tar il tip normal (vul dir che correspunda a quel da luf, per exempel tar il chaun-nurser tudestg) tanschan ils incisivs da la missella sut immediat davos quels da la missella sura. Tar razzas cun chau curt (per exempel boxer u pechinais) è la missella sura bundant pli curta che la missella sut, uschia ch’ils dents incisivs e dents chanins sutvart sa chattan cleramain davant quels sura (uschenumnada morsa sut). Tar razzas cun in chau lung e graschel sco Barsoi, Whippet e Collie sa preschentan las relaziuns gist il cuntrari (morsa sura). </p><p>Chauns naschan senza dents. Ils emprims dents da latg (ils dents chanins) cumparan a partir da la terza emna da vita. Suenter ca. sis emnas èn sa sviluppads tut ils 28 dents da latg. Al premolar P1 ed als molars na precedan nagins dents da latg. La midada dals dents a la dentadira stabla cumenza gia cun trais mais (tar ils dents incisivs). En il settavel mais da vita è quella terminada. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Ils_senns">Ils senns</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Chaun&veaction=edit&section=5" title="Modifitgar secziun: Ils senns" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modifitgar</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Chaun&action=edit&section=5" title="Quellcode des Abschnitts bearbeiten: Ils senns"><span>modifitgar il code</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Udida">Udida</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Chaun&veaction=edit&section=6" title="Modifitgar secziun: Udida" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modifitgar</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Chaun&action=edit&section=6" title="Quellcode des Abschnitts bearbeiten: Udida"><span>modifitgar il code</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Datoteca:Ears_Dog.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/78/Ears_Dog.jpg/210px-Ears_Dog.jpg" decoding="async" width="210" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/78/Ears_Dog.jpg/315px-Ears_Dog.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/78/Ears_Dog.jpg/420px-Ears_Dog.jpg 2x" data-file-width="658" data-file-height="462" /></a><figcaption>Ureglias...</figcaption></figure> <p>L’ureglia dal chaun è sviluppada fitg ferm, uschia che quel po percepir in pli vast spectrum da frequenzas che l’uman. L’uman percepescha frequenzas da ca. 20–20 000 Hz, il chaun da ca. 15–50 000 Hz (tenor autras funtaunas da fin 100 000 Hz).<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>La conchiglia da l’ureglia dal chaun è ultra da quai movibla, quai che lascha percepir il chaun ils suns a moda bundant pli plastica, tridimensiunala che l’uman. Daspera servan las conchiglias er a la communicaziun optica. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Vesida">Vesida</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Chaun&veaction=edit&section=7" title="Modifitgar secziun: Vesida" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modifitgar</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Chaun&action=edit&section=7" title="Quellcode des Abschnitts bearbeiten: Vesida"><span>modifitgar il code</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Pli baud eran ins da l’avis ch’il chaun saja be abel da percepir tuns grischs. Tenor la savida odierna vesan ils chauns bain colurs, ma els èn dicromats e n’èn betg abels da percepir la colur cotschna separadamain. </p><p>L’egl dal chaun cuntegna, sco che quai è il cas tar tut ils mammals, duas differentas sorts da recepturs da glisch: Entant che las batgettas èn responsablas per percepir tuns grischs, pussibiliteschan las statgettas – premess ch’i saja avant maun in’illuminaziun ferma avunda – da vesair colurs. Il chaun dispona da bler dapli batgettas e quellas reageschan er pli sensibel sin glisch che las statgettas. Quai è er il cas tar l’uman: Tranter stgir e cler vesain nus be en tuns grischs. Tar ils chauns – sco tar la gronda part dals mammals, ma betg tar l’uman – cuntegna la part davos da l’egl ina stresa che reflectescha la glisch, uschia che quella croda in’ulteriura giada sin las batgettas. Tranter stgir e cler vesan chauns pia bundant meglier che l’uman. </p> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Datoteca:Augen_hund.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ad/Augen_hund.jpg/210px-Augen_hund.jpg" decoding="async" width="210" height="72" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ad/Augen_hund.jpg/315px-Augen_hund.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ad/Augen_hund.jpg/420px-Augen_hund.jpg 2x" data-file-width="658" data-file-height="226" /></a><figcaption>...egls...</figcaption></figure> <p>Las statgettas èn mintgamai spezialisads sin in tschert segment spectral. Tar l’uman èn avant maun trais differents recepturs per las colurs cotschen, verd e blau; a basa da quests trais signals da colur furma il tscharvè l’impressiun cumplessiva da las colurs. Il chaun dispona be da dus tips da recepturs, ils quals reageschan sin verd e cotschen. Uschia vegn cuvert be ina part dal spectrum da colurs da l’uman: cotschen è ina colur ch’il chaun n’è betg abel da percepir. La vesida da colurs dal chaun è spustada in pau en direcziun ultraviolet e finescha pervi da la mancanza dal receptur da cotschen tar la colur melna. </p><p>Igl existan anc ulteriuras differenzas: l’egl dal chaun reagescha il pli sensibel en il sectur 430 nm – il sectur blau – entant che l’egl uman reagescha il pli ferm en il sectur 550 nm (verd/mellen). Probablamain vesa il chaun las conturas a moda main clera che l’uman e percepescha ils objects surtut sut l’aspect dal moviment; objects che na sa movan betg vegnan supprimids dal tscharvè ed uschia strusch percepids. Il motiv vegn ad esser quel che la preda dal luf sto vegnir selectada a moda optica, damai ch’ella sa muventa. </p><p>L’extensiun orizontala dal champ visual dal chaun munta a ca. 250° (tar l’uman ca 180°). Il sectur entaifer il qual il chaun è abel da vesair en trais dimensiuns è cun radund 60° pli pitschen che tar l’uman (120°).<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Odurat">Odurat</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Chaun&veaction=edit&section=8" title="Modifitgar secziun: Odurat" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modifitgar</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Chaun&action=edit&section=8" title="Quellcode des Abschnitts bearbeiten: Odurat"><span>modifitgar il code</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Datoteca:Nase_hund.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ec/Nase_hund.jpg/210px-Nase_hund.jpg" decoding="async" width="210" height="98" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ec/Nase_hund.jpg/315px-Nase_hund.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ec/Nase_hund.jpg/420px-Nase_hund.jpg 2x" data-file-width="658" data-file-height="306" /></a><figcaption>...e gnif</figcaption></figure> <p>Il nas, l’organ da l’odurat dal chaun, è bundant pli sensibel che quel da l’uman.<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Ils chauns tutgan tar ils macrosmatichers, pia tar ils animals che s’orienteschan tenor il nas. Che l’odurat è sviluppà tar il chaun bundant pli ferm sa mussa gia vi dal dumber da cellas da l’odurat; d’ina razza da chaun a l’autra po quel però variar vaira ferm. L’uman dispona da radund tschintg milliuns cellas da l’odurat, il basset da 125 milliuns ed il chaun-nurser da 220 milliuns. </p><p>Per giuditgar la prestaziun da l’odurat na bastan quellas cifras però per lunschor betg: mesiraziuns han mussà ch’il chaun savura radund in milliun giadas meglier che l’uman. Cun curtas fladadas è il chaun abel da respirar fin a 300 giadas la minuta, uschia che las cellas da l’odurat vegnan provedidas d’in cuntin cun novas particlas d’odurs. </p><p>En il tscharvè vegnan ils signals ch’arrivan elavurads ed evaluads. Damai ch’il nas è abel da differenziar tranter dretg e sanester (sco tar la vesida), pon chauns savurar en trais dimensiuns. En questa moda po il chaun suandar la direcziun d’in fastiz d’odurs. La part dal tscharvè ch’è reservada ad elavurar signals da l’odurat è immensa en cumparegliaziun cun l’uman: quella cumpiglia radund diesch procent dal tscharvè dal chaun, tar l’uman percunter be in procent. L’uman sa serva da quest’abilitad dal chaun cun al duvrar sco chaun da chatscha e da polizia. </p><p>Chauns ‹savuran› odurs er sur l’uschenumnà organ da Jacobson u organ vomeronasal che sa chatta en la chavorgia da la bucca. Las infurmaziuns che quel retschaiva vegnan immediat transportadas al sistem limbic ch’è responsabel per il svilup da sentiments, per il cumportament instinctiv e per la furmaziun d’ormons. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Gust">Gust</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Chaun&veaction=edit&section=9" title="Modifitgar secziun: Gust" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modifitgar</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Chaun&action=edit&section=9" title="Quellcode des Abschnitts bearbeiten: Gust"><span>modifitgar il code</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Chauns disponan da nufs gustativs che sa chattan sin las papillas da la lieunga, ma er sin il tschiel da la bucca ed en la regiun da la gula. Tut en tut ha il chaun bundant 1700 nufs gustativs (entant che l’uman ha radund 9000). Per pudair percepir gusts, ston moleculs vegnir schliads en la spida, uschia ch’il chaun dispona da quatter pèra glondas da spida. I dat duas sorts da spida – ina cun ina consistenza d’aua per las cumparts vegetalas dal nutriment ed ina pli mutschignusa per schliar ils moleculs da la charn. Las differentas regiuns da recepziun da gust sin la lieunga èn ordinadas in pau auter che tar l’uman. La part laterala da la lieunga reagescha sin nutriment dultsch, salà ed acid, entant che la part davos reagescha sin cumparts amaras. Ils recepturs ch’inditgeschan nutriment charnus èn repartids sin l’entira lieunga, domineschan però surtut en il terz davant.<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Palp">Palp</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Chaun&veaction=edit&section=10" title="Modifitgar secziun: Palp" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modifitgar</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Chaun&action=edit&section=10" title="Quellcode des Abschnitts bearbeiten: Palp"><span>modifitgar il code</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Datoteca:Genome_Boxer.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/83/Genome_Boxer.jpg/180px-Genome_Boxer.jpg" decoding="async" width="180" height="270" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/83/Genome_Boxer.jpg/270px-Genome_Boxer.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/83/Genome_Boxer.jpg/360px-Genome_Boxer.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1537" /></a><figcaption>Il boxer ha servì sco model per sequenzar il genom dal chaun</figcaption></figure> <p>Il palp è fitg impurtant per ils chauns, damai ch’els entran sur quel en contact social ed emoziunal cun auters chauns e cun ils umans. Tras contacts corporals pon chauns vegnir quietads, quai che sa lascha schizunt mesirar: il puls daventa pli plaun e la respiraziun pli regulara. </p><p>Ils chauns recepeschan contacts surtut sur la pel e cun agid da lur barbis. Els disponan en la pel da duas sorts da recepturs. Per l’ina datti recepturs per il contact da surfatscha – quels sa chattan directamain sut la pel e transmettan moviments dals chavels; per l’autra recepturs per pressiun pli gronda, ils quals sa chattan pli profund en la pel. Il nas ed ils lefs dal chaun reageschan spezialmain ferm sin pressiun, damai ch’i sa chattan là fitg blers gnervs sensitivs. Sur las toppas recepeschan chauns vibraziuns. En fatscha ha il chaun in barbis ch’è pli airi che l’ulteriur pail e che tanscha er pli profund en la pel. A la basa dal barbis sa chattan blers recepturs da palp. Ins suppona ch’il barbis saja fitg impurtant per il chaun, damai che 40 % da la part dal tscharvè ch’è reservada per il palp è responsabla per la fatscha. Il barbis serva al chaun sco sistem da preavertiment per sa proteger cunter collisiuns u cunter blessuras dals egls. Il barbis è uschè sensibel ch’el na dovra gnanc tutgar in object – ils turnigls d’aria che sa furman cun passar sperasvi bastan per al recepir.<sup id="cite_ref-tast_8-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-tast-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Chauns disponan sulettamain da recepturs da fraid. L’excepziun furma il nas, en il qual sa chattan recepturs da chalur; quels servan surtut als chagniels a chattar suenter la naschientscha la mamma. Tar contact cun objects chauds reageschan chauns cun lur recepturs da dolur, betg cun ils recepturs da chalur. Chauns sentan dolurs sco l’uman. Igl è cumprovà che chauns sa revegnan pli spert suenter operaziuns, sch’i vegn fatg diever da meds cunter las dolurs – en quest cas cumenzan els pli baud a magliar e baiver, levan en pe pli baud e pon ir a chasa pli baud. Chauns zuppentan però savens lur dolurs; quai è d’attribuir a l’evoluziun dal luf e serva a prevegnir da vegnir stgatschà dal triep. Indizis per dolurs pon esser plirar, giappar, sgnuflar, in flad svelt, tremblar, malruaus, sa retrair u reagir a moda agressiva sin contact, litgar u ruier las parts dal corp che dolan, in puls svelt, pupillas engrondidas u ina temperatura dal corp augmentada. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Senn_magnetic">Senn magnetic</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Chaun&veaction=edit&section=11" title="Modifitgar secziun: Senn magnetic" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modifitgar</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Chaun&action=edit&section=11" title="Quellcode des Abschnitts bearbeiten: Senn magnetic"><span>modifitgar il code</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Chauns èn abels da percepir il champ magnetic da la terra. En in studi han ins pudì constatar che chauns sa posiziuneschan cun chajar ed urinar da preferenza uschia che l’axa longitudinala da lur corp è orientada per lung dal champ magnetic da la terra. Quest cumportament han ils animals però mussà be durant las uras che l’orientaziun dal champ magnetic da la terra (l’uschenumnada declinaziun) na sa midava betg. Ils chauns èn uschia ils emprims mammals, tar ils quals ins ha pudì cumprovar ch’els na reageschan betg be sin il champ magnetic da la terra, mabain er sin las fluctuaziuns da quel.<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Genom">Genom</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Chaun&veaction=edit&section=12" title="Modifitgar secziun: Genom" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modifitgar</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Chaun&action=edit&section=12" title="Quellcode des Abschnitts bearbeiten: Genom"><span>modifitgar il code</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Las infurmaziuns geneticas dal chaun èn avant maun en il nuschegl da la cella en 76 autosoms (38 pèrs), dus cromosoms sexuals X ed Y), sco er en ils mitochonders. L’onn 2005 è vegnì sequenzà l’emprima giada il genom cumplet d’in boxer feminin; quel sa cumpona da 2 528 446 953 pèrs da basas e da ca. 19 300 gens.<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Svilup">Svilup</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Chaun&veaction=edit&section=13" title="Modifitgar secziun: Svilup" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modifitgar</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Chaun&action=edit&section=13" title="Quellcode des Abschnitts bearbeiten: Svilup"><span>modifitgar il code</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Multiplicaziun">Multiplicaziun</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Chaun&veaction=edit&section=14" title="Modifitgar secziun: Multiplicaziun" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modifitgar</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Chaun&action=edit&section=14" title="Quellcode des Abschnitts bearbeiten: Multiplicaziun"><span>modifitgar il code</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Datoteca:S%C3%A4ugende_H%C3%BCndin.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f1/S%C3%A4ugende_H%C3%BCndin.JPG/220px-S%C3%A4ugende_H%C3%BCndin.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="160" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f1/S%C3%A4ugende_H%C3%BCndin.JPG/330px-S%C3%A4ugende_H%C3%BCndin.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f1/S%C3%A4ugende_H%C3%BCndin.JPG/440px-S%C3%A4ugende_H%C3%BCndin.JPG 2x" data-file-width="1108" data-file-height="805" /></a><figcaption>Chogna che lascha tettar</figcaption></figure> <p>La madirezza sexuala sa mussa tar la cogna cura che quella è l’emprima giada en chalur. Quai è per ordinari il cas en ina vegliadetgna tranter 7 e 14 mais. Circa cun la medema vegliadetgna cuntanschan ils chauns mastgels lur capacitad da procrear. Chauns pitschens èn per ordinari pli baud madirs che chauns da razzas grondas. </p><p>Las cognas enconuschan in ciclus da chalur fitg marcant che sa mussa ca. mintga mez fin trais quarts d’onn e che n’è betg lià a las stagiuns. Ils chauns mastgels èn – cuntrari al luf – adina pronts da sa multiplitgar. </p><p>Il ciclus sexual è dividì en quatter fasas. Cun il cumenzament da la prechalur s’unfla la vulva ed i sorta in secret d’aua e sang che fa attractivas las cognas per ils chauns mastgels. Quests ultims n’èn però anc betg pronts da sa multiplitgar. La durada da questa fasa sa differenziescha d’in individi a l’auter e tanscha da quatter fin 21 dis. Alura suonda la chalur per propi, la quala è segnada da la fertilitad da la cogna e da la prontezza da quella da sa multiplitgar. Il secret che sorta tar la cogna survegn ina colur pli clera e la cogna sa preschenta al chaun, vul dir ch’ella sa ferma e metta la cua sin la vart. Sco terza fasa (che dura nov fin dudesch emnas) suondan process da regressiun e regeneraziun vi da l’uterus. La quarta e davosa fasa dura dus fin sis mais ed è segnada da la mancanza da tutta activitad sexuala. </p><p>Tar la copulaziun sa lascha observar in cumportament remartgabel: Suenter la penetraziun s’unfla la basa dal penis (num anatomic: Bulbus glandis) en tala moda ch’ils animals ‹restan pendids› e na pon betg sa sparter in da l’auter; pervi dal privel da blessuras n’als duess ins er betg strair dapart cun la forza. Suenter l’ejaculaziun descenda il mastgel da la cogna e sa volva per ordinari per 180°, uschia ch’ils dus animals restan fin ad ina mes’ura cun la part davos drizzada in cunter l’auter. Quai ha l’effect ch’il sperma ha in avantatg envers quel dals proxims mastgels che copuleschan cun la medema cogna. </p><p>Il temp da purtanza da la cogna munta en media 63 fin 65 dis. Il dumber da chagniels dependa fitg ferm da la razza e tanscha da trais fin dudesch animals.<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> La relaziun tranter il pais total da la tratga ed il pais da la mamma munta a 10–15 %. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Socialisaziun">Socialisaziun</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Chaun&veaction=edit&section=15" title="Modifitgar secziun: Socialisaziun" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modifitgar</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Chaun&action=edit&section=15" title="Quellcode des Abschnitts bearbeiten: Socialisaziun"><span>modifitgar il code</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Datoteca:Golden_Retriever_agility_jump.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f2/Golden_Retriever_agility_jump.jpg/220px-Golden_Retriever_agility_jump.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f2/Golden_Retriever_agility_jump.jpg/330px-Golden_Retriever_agility_jump.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f2/Golden_Retriever_agility_jump.jpg/440px-Golden_Retriever_agility_jump.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2000" data-file-height="1339" /></a><figcaption>Agility – ina furma d’interacziun tranter chaun ed uman</figcaption></figure> <p>Er tar ils chauns fan ins diever da la noziun ‹socialisaziun› per descriver il process en rom dal qual il chaun sa confrunta cun ses ambient, emprenda d’enconuscher las reglas da quel e sviluppa relaziuns e lioms. A moda spezialmain intensiva ha la socialisaziun lieu durant ils emprims mais da vita. Gia tar ils chagniels vegnan instradads – premess cundiziuns da tegnida correspundentas – ils suandants process: </p> <ul><li>La socialisaziun cun members da la medema spezia (emprender la communicaziun tranter chauns).</li> <li>La socialisaziun cun auters animals (giats, portgs da mar, utschels, chavals, animals dal bain puril e.a.).</li> <li>La socialisaziun cun umans da l’agen ambient e cun esters.</li> <li>Il sa disar a stimulaziuns tras l’ambient ed a caneras (segapastget, scalin dal velo, aviuns e.a.) sco er a fullas da glieud ed al traffic.</li></ul> <p>La pli impurtanta fasa da socialisaziun dal chaun s’extenda da ca. la terza fin la dudeschavla emna da vita. Durant quel temp sa sviluppan numnadamain ils organs sensuals e las abilitads motoricas. La socialisaziun cun members da la medema spezia ha lieu tranter la terza e l’otgavla emna ed uschia in pau avant quella cun l’uman (5avla fin 12avla emna). Durant quest temp emprendan ils chauns novas modas da sa cumportar e sviluppan ils moviments sco ch’els èn tipics per chauns creschids sco er a sa nutrir ed ad urinar/chajar ‹sco ils gronds›. Els emprendan a conuscher il linguatg dal corp da l’atgna spezia, emprendan giugond da giappar, da morder e da retegnair il morder e cumenzan a leger il linguatg dal corp da l’uman. Il svilup da mintga chaun dependa per gronda part da sia socialisaziun ed educaziun. Process da socialisaziun che n’han betg lieu durant las emprimas 14 emnas da vita na sa laschan silsuenter betg prender suenter dal tuttafatg. In chaun che n’è betg vegnì socialisà fin la 14avla emna da vita na sa lascha praticamain ni educar ni trenar. Cun la fasa da socialisaziun na va l’acquist d’abilitads socialas però tuttavia betg a fin; e quellas sa mantegnan er be tras l’interacziun sociala per vita duranta.<sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Sa basond sin ina recumandaziun da Scott e Fuller da l’onn 1965 è sa derasada l’opiniun ch’i saja bun da sparter ils chagniels il pli tard en la vegliadetgna dad otg emnas da la mamma e dals fragliuns. Auters perscrutaders, sco per exempel Ádám Miklósi, èn percunter da l’avis ch’i na dettia nagin motiv da sparter ils animals gia uschè baud, e quai surtut sch’il chagniel chatta tar l’elevatur cundiziuns per la socialisaziun ch’èn forsa meglras che quellas dal possessur da pli tard. La socialisaziun succedia en questa fasa numnadamain anc a moda generala e betg orientada ad umans specifics, e chauns che fetschian a l’entschatta bunas experientschas cun umans sa laschian per ordinari er socialisar pli tard bain cun auters umans.<sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Aspectativa_da_vita">Aspectativa da vita</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Chaun&veaction=edit&section=16" title="Modifitgar secziun: Aspectativa da vita" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modifitgar</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Chaun&action=edit&section=16" title="Quellcode des Abschnitts bearbeiten: Aspectativa da vita"><span>modifitgar il code</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Chauns gronds daventan pli spert vegls che chauns pitschens, uschia che chauns pitschens han en general ina pli auta aspectativa da vita. Razzas sco il basset pon senz’auter cuntanscher ina vegliadetgna da 15 onns, en cas excepziunals schizunt da 20 onns. Chauns pli gronds e pli grevs sco il doc tudestg na vegnan percunter strusch pli vegls che 9 onns. Ils motivs daco che chauns gronds daventan pli spert vegls n’èn anc strusch enconuschents. Il gen ch’effectuescha ina creschientscha pli pitschna retardescha eventualmain a medem temp il vegnir vegl. E probabel s’accumuleschan tar chauns gronds en la fasa da creschientscha dapli donns tras stress oxidativ.<sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Chaun_e_luf">Chaun e luf</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Chaun&veaction=edit&section=17" title="Modifitgar secziun: Chaun e luf" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modifitgar</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Chaun&action=edit&section=17" title="Quellcode des Abschnitts bearbeiten: Chaun e luf"><span>modifitgar il code</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Datoteca:Timba%2B2.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/14/Timba%2B2.jpg/210px-Timba%2B2.jpg" decoding="async" width="210" height="190" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/14/Timba%2B2.jpg/315px-Timba%2B2.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/14/Timba%2B2.jpg/420px-Timba%2B2.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1817" data-file-height="1645" /></a><figcaption>Tamaskan: ina razza che sumeglia fitg il luf</figcaption></figure> <p>Chaun e luf èn abels da sa cruschar.<sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Quant fitg ch’i sa tracta tar il resultat d’ina tala cruschada plitost d’in chaun u d’in luf na sa lascha betg dir exnum a basa da la parita exteriura, damai che l’individi sumeglia savens fitg ferm in luf ubain in chaun. Questa dumonda pon ins be sclerir a basa da tests genetics. </p><p>Er en l’allevament da chauns han ins adina puspè empruvà da ‹meglierar› razzas cun las cruschar cun lufs (Lupo Italiano e.a.). Tar tut questas emprovas na duevan las aspectativas però betg s’accumplir. </p><p>Oriundamain eran ins da l’avis che talas cruschadas n’hajan strusch lieu en la natira, damai che luf e chaun sa differenzieschian memia fitg en lur cumportament. Sco ulteriur impediment èn da numnar ils ciclus da fertilitad divergents: Tar il luf èn tant il mastgel sco er la femella be ina giada ad onn fertils. En quest reguard sa differenziescha pia surtut il chaun mastgel dal luf. </p><p>Tuttina sa laschan adina puspè cumprovar tals ibrids e lur dumber pudess anc crescher en lieus nua ch’il luf vegn recolonisà. Schebain questas cruschadas s’effectueschan a moda positiva u negativa, n’è betg vegnì intercurì fin qua. En regiuns nua che vivan blers chauns ch’èn daventads selvadis, pon quels en tutta cas furmar in privel per la (re-)populaziun dal luf (sco concurrents e sco transmetturs da malsognas e parasits). </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Domesticaziun">Domesticaziun</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Chaun&veaction=edit&section=18" title="Modifitgar secziun: Domesticaziun" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modifitgar</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Chaun&action=edit&section=18" title="Quellcode des Abschnitts bearbeiten: Domesticaziun"><span>modifitgar il code</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Cumprovas_geneticas">Cumprovas geneticas</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Chaun&veaction=edit&section=19" title="Modifitgar secziun: Cumprovas geneticas" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modifitgar</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Chaun&action=edit&section=19" title="Quellcode des Abschnitts bearbeiten: Cumprovas geneticas"><span>modifitgar il code</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Emprims studis ch’han cumpareglià l’ADN mitochondrial dal luf e dal chaun èn vegnids ils onns 1990 a la conclusiun che la domesticaziun saja gia succedida avant dapli che 100 000 onns e che quella haja gì lieu pliras giadas independentamain ina da l’autra. En studis pli novs vegn quest lung spazi da temp mess en dumonda, damai ch’el sa basa sulettamain sin extrapolaziuns da l’ura moleculara. Ils pli vegls chats d’ossa da lufs cun indizis da domesticaziun han ina vegliadetgna da maximalmain 40 000 onns.<sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Damai ch’il fenotip dal chaun sumegliava a l’entschatta da la domesticaziun fitg ferm il luf, èsi fitg difficil da vulair giuditgar chats fossils a basa da caracteristicas anatomicas. </p><p>L’onn 2013 han ins publitgà l’ADN d’ina chavazza da luf cun caracteristicas da chaun ch’era vegnì chattà l’onn 1974 en ina tauna en las <a href="/w/index.php?title=Muntognas_Altai&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Muntognas Altai (n'exista betg)">Muntognas Altai</a>. Cun agid da la dataziun da radiocarbon avev’ins pudì determinar la vegliadetgna da quella cun 33 000 onns. I sa tracta pia dal pli vegl ADN d’ina chavazza da luf cun caracteristicas da domesticaziun. Quel mussa gia ina pli gronda congruenza genetica cun il chaun dad oz che cun il luf.<sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Tenor in studi ch’è vegnì publitgà l’onn 2004 sa lascha l’ADN da tut las razzas da chauns attribuir a quatter differents muments da domesticaziun.<sup id="cite_ref-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Per l’<a href="/w/index.php?title=Asia_dal_Sidost&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Asia dal Sidost (n'exista betg)">Asia dal Sidost</a> inditgescha la genetica moleculara la preschientscha dal chaun avant ca. 15 000.<sup id="cite_ref-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In’analisa da l’ADN mitochondrial ch’è vegnida publitgada il 2009 ha mussà che las razzas da chauns da l’entir mund sa laschan manar enavos sin in pool da gens communabel che cumpiglia diesch differents haplotips. L’entir spectrum genetic – pia tut ils diesch haplotips – è be da chattar en <a href="/w/index.php?title=China&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="China (n'exista betg)">China</a> al sid dal <a href="/wiki/Jangtse" title="Jangtse">Jangtse</a>, uschia ch’ils auturs da quest studi supponan che la domesticaziun haja cumenzà en questa regiun (avant maximalmain 16 300 onns).<sup id="cite_ref-21" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Er in studi ch’ha intercurì il cromosom sexual da 151 chauns mastgels da tut las parts dal mund ha cumprovà la derivanza da l’Asia dal Sidost, damai che be lezza regiun mussa l’entira ladezza da las varietads pussaivlas.<sup id="cite_ref-22" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In studi ch’è vegnì publitgà il 2013 e che sa basa sin l’ADN mitochondrial da 18 canids preistorics da l’<a href="/w/index.php?title=Eurasia&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Eurasia (n'exista betg)">Eurasia</a> e da l’<a href="/w/index.php?title=America&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="America (n'exista betg)">America</a> lascha però supponer che l’origin da la domesticaziun sa chattia en l’Europa pleistocena en in spazi da temp d’avant 32 000 e 18 000 onns.<sup id="cite_ref-23" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Chats fossils da pitschnas razzas da chauns èn cumprovadas l’emprima giada avant 12 000 onns en il <a href="/w/index.php?title=Proxim_Orient&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Proxim Orient (n'exista betg)">Proxim Orient</a>. Er retschertgas geneticas laschan sminar che las razzas pitschnas derivian da questa regiun. Ins suppona che quellas sajan resultadas da la domesticaziun dal luf oriental. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Chats_archeologics">Chats archeologics</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Chaun&veaction=edit&section=20" title="Modifitgar secziun: Chats archeologics" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modifitgar</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Chaun&action=edit&section=20" title="Quellcode des Abschnitts bearbeiten: Chats archeologics"><span>modifitgar il code</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Datoteca:Tesem2.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/64/Tesem2.jpg/210px-Tesem2.jpg" decoding="async" width="210" height="162" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/64/Tesem2.jpg/315px-Tesem2.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/64/Tesem2.jpg/420px-Tesem2.jpg 2x" data-file-width="442" data-file-height="341" /></a><figcaption>Represchentaziun da la Veglia Egipta</figcaption></figure> <p>Las pli veglias cumprovas fossilas che mussan ch’il luf è s’adattà a l’uman derivan dal paleoliticum tempriv.<sup id="cite_ref-24" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> En diversas culegnas da quel temp èn vegnidas a la glisch chavazzas che mussan midadas vi da la dentadira ed in gnif pli curt che quel dal luf. Sper l’exemplar da la regiun d’<a href="/w/index.php?title=Altai&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Altai (n'exista betg)">Altai</a> numnà survart han ins chattà en <a href="/wiki/Belgia" title="Belgia">Belgia</a>, en ina tauna en vischinanza d’Andenne, fragments da quest gener che derivan d’avant 31 700 onns. Omadus chats vegnan mess en connex cun ils umans da Cro-Magnon temprivs e lur culturas archeologicas (t.a. Aurignacien). In chat in pau pli giuven deriva da l’<a href="/w/index.php?title=Austria_Bassa&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Austria Bassa (n'exista betg)">Austria Bassa</a> (ca. avant 30 000 onns).<sup id="cite_ref-25" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> En ils cas numnads vegn il gnif ch’è pli curt e pli lad attribuì a l’adattaziun dals lufs a las resursas da chatscha da l’uman. Ina tala interpretaziun monocausala n’è però betg incontestada, damai che midadas vi dal cumportament da magliar na ston betg exnum esser colliadas cun l’uman.<sup id="cite_ref-26" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>D’in lieu da chat situà en la regiun Brjansk en la <a href="/wiki/Bielorussia" title="Bielorussia">Bielorussia</a> è enconuschenta ossa da chauns che vegn datada sin ca. 17 000–13 000 a.C.<sup id="cite_ref-27" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Tranter auter han ins chattà duas chavazzas da chauns cumplettas; quests individis avevan in gnif curt ed in’autezza da ca. 70 cm. Las chavazzas sa chattavan sper ina fuaina resp. en ina chasa fatg dad ossa da mamut. Ensemen cun chats da l’Ucraina ch’èn ca. tuttina vegls vegnan quests exemplars considerads sco las pli veglias cumprovas segiras da chauns domesticads. En l’<a href="/wiki/Europa_Centrala" title="Europa Centrala">Europa Centrala</a> è la domesticaziun cumprovada avant ca. 14 000 onns (p.ex. a basa dal gnif scursanì d’in chaun ch’ins ha chattà en il Kesslerloch sper Thayngen, Schaffusa).<sup id="cite_ref-28" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Ils indizis ils pli evidents da la domesticaziun furman la finala chauns ch’èn vegnids sepulids ensemen cun morts.<sup id="cite_ref-29" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Tals chats derivan p.ex. da la <a href="/wiki/Germania" title="Germania">Germania</a> e da l’<a href="/w/index.php?title=Israel&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Israel (n'exista betg)">Israel</a> (avant ca. 14 000 onns), sco er da <a href="/w/index.php?title=Kamtschatka&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kamtschatka (n'exista betg)">Kamtschatka</a>, da la <a href="/w/index.php?title=Sibiria&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Sibiria (n'exista betg)">Sibiria</a> e da la <a href="/wiki/Serbia" title="Serbia">Serbia</a> (avant ca. 10 000 onns) ed en il mesoliticum tardiv er da l’<a href="/w/index.php?title=Europa_dal_Nord&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Europa dal Nord (n'exista betg)">Europa dal Nord</a> (p.ex. da la Svezia). </p><p>Il pli vegl chaun sin il continent american han ins chattà a <a href="/wiki/Texas" title="Texas">Texas</a> en ina deponia da rument preistorica; quel ha ina vegliadetgna da ca. 9400 onns.<sup id="cite_ref-30" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> La fragmentaziun da l’oss e la posiziun da quel en excrements umans laschan supponer – uschia l’autur dal studi, che quel saja vegnì mangià dad umans. L’ADN cumprova ultra da quai la derivanza da quest chaun da populaziuns da l’Eurasia, senza cruschadas cun lufs americans. Er independentamain da l’evidenza da quest chat supponan ins che chauns sajan arrivads avant ca. 14 000 onns ensemen cun ils emprims colonisaturs umans en l’America dal Nord, damai ch’il chaun è gia cumprovà da quel temp sco accumpagnader da l’uman en la Sibiria (cf. survart). </p><p>Derasà vastamain era il chaun en las culturas dal temp da crap tardiv, nua ch’ins al ha per part gia sepulì separadamain.<sup id="cite_ref-31" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Gia da l’emprima cultura purila da l’Europa Centrala, la cheramica da bindel (a partir da ca. 5500 a.C.), datti chauns en fossas e culegnas sco per exempel a Vaihingen an der Enz (<a href="/w/index.php?title=Svevia&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Svevia (n'exista betg)">Svevia</a>). I na sa tracta qua betg da chauns che sumeglian lufs, mabain da razzas da grondezza mesauna. </p><p>Da la stretga relaziun tranter uman e chaun dat er perditga da quel temp in’autra cultura tempriva: En la <a href="/w/index.php?title=Veglia_Egipta&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Veglia Egipta (n'exista betg)">Veglia Egipta</a> han ins mumifitgà sper umans er giats e chauns. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Il_chaun_sco_animal_da_niz">Il chaun sco animal da niz</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Chaun&veaction=edit&section=21" title="Modifitgar secziun: Il chaun sco animal da niz" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modifitgar</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Chaun&action=edit&section=21" title="Quellcode des Abschnitts bearbeiten: Il chaun sco animal da niz"><span>modifitgar il code</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Chaun_da_diever">Chaun da diever</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Chaun&veaction=edit&section=22" title="Modifitgar secziun: Chaun da diever" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modifitgar</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Chaun&action=edit&section=22" title="Quellcode des Abschnitts bearbeiten: Chaun da diever"><span>modifitgar il code</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Cun la noziun chauns da diever vegnan designads chauns che sustegnan l’uman tar sias lavurs, pia quasi chauns ‹cun ina professiun›. L’exempel il pli enconuschent furma oz bain il chaun da polizia. Quel vegn duvrà per chattar fastizs, per fastizar drogas, material explosiv e persunas, ma er sin patruglia u sco chaun da guardia. </p><p>Intginas razzas da chauns sa laschan duvrar bain sco chauns per tschorvs – bain ina da las pli pretensiusas lavurs che vegnan surdadas a chauns – u en general sco chauns d’assistenza per persunas handicapadas. Tschertas razzas sa laschan er trenar sco chauns da salvament u da terapia. A persunas surdas u da flaivla udida facilitescha in chaun da signal savens il mintgadi. </p><p>L’utilisaziun sco chaun da diever, che furma oz plitost in fenomen marginal, era oriundamain probabel in dals motivs principals per la tegnida da chauns. Quels furmavan in impurtant sustegn tar la chatscha, e quai tant cun fastizar ils animals sco er cun chatschar e mazzar quels. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Chaun_da_chatscha">Chaun da chatscha</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Chaun&veaction=edit&section=23" title="Modifitgar secziun: Chaun da chatscha" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modifitgar</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Chaun&action=edit&section=23" title="Quellcode des Abschnitts bearbeiten: Chaun da chatscha"><span>modifitgar il code</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>L’inschign da chatscha n’han ils chauns betg stuì emprender, mabain al avevan ertà da lur antenats, ils lufs. Daventond però la chatscha en il decurs dal temp pli e pli in passatemp, ha l’uman er cumenzà ad allevar razzas da chatscha specificas (p.ex. chauns fitg sperts per la chatschada ubain chauns plitost pitschens che pon entrar en taunas da lufs u da tais sco il basset u il terrier). </p> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Datoteca:Sheep_at_watering_place_in_Bulgaria.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/61/Sheep_at_watering_place_in_Bulgaria.jpg/220px-Sheep_at_watering_place_in_Bulgaria.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="157" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/61/Sheep_at_watering_place_in_Bulgaria.jpg/330px-Sheep_at_watering_place_in_Bulgaria.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/61/Sheep_at_watering_place_in_Bulgaria.jpg/440px-Sheep_at_watering_place_in_Bulgaria.jpg 2x" data-file-width="780" data-file-height="557" /></a><figcaption>Chaun pastur</figcaption></figure> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Chaun_pastur">Chaun pastur</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Chaun&veaction=edit&section=24" title="Modifitgar secziun: Chaun pastur" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modifitgar</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Chaun&action=edit&section=24" title="Quellcode des Abschnitts bearbeiten: Chaun pastur"><span>modifitgar il code</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>En quel mument che l’uman è daventà sesent han ins er cumenzà a duvrar ils chauns per far guardia davant chasa e curt e per pertgirar scossas. Per dressar il chaun sco pastur èn ins sa servì da l’instinct innat da tegnair ensemen il triep. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Chaun_da_guardia">Chaun da guardia</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Chaun&veaction=edit&section=25" title="Modifitgar secziun: Chaun da guardia" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modifitgar</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Chaun&action=edit&section=25" title="Quellcode des Abschnitts bearbeiten: Chaun da guardia"><span>modifitgar il code</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In’impurtanta incumbensa dals chauns, che perda però pli e pli sia muntada, è quella da far guardia. En las citads duvravan ins per quest intent plitost pitschnas razzas sco il vulpet, sin la champagna percunter grondas ch’intimideschan pli fitg. Savens vegnivan tegnids dus chauns ensemen: in pli pitschen ch’annunziava esters che s’avischinavan ed in grond ch’era pront da defender chasa e curt. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Manadiras_e_transports">Manadiras e transports</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Chaun&veaction=edit&section=26" title="Modifitgar secziun: Manadiras e transports" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modifitgar</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Chaun&action=edit&section=26" title="Quellcode des Abschnitts bearbeiten: Manadiras e transports"><span>modifitgar il code</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Che chauns vegnivan duvrads per trair pitschens chars è cumprovà dal temp medieval fin en il 20avel tschientaner. Ed en ils pajais dal nord vegnan chauns sco il husky u il samoied duvrads fin oz sco chauns da schlieusa. </p><p>Sco animal da schlieusa e furniturs da charn han ils chauns er giugà ina rolla decisiva per cuntanscher il <a href="/w/index.php?title=Pol_dal_Nord&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Pol dal Nord (n'exista betg)">Pol dal Nord</a> (1909) ed il <a href="/w/index.php?title=Pol_dal_Sid&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Pol dal Sid (n'exista betg)">Pol dal Sid</a> (1911). </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Il_chaun_sco_animal_da_cumpagnia_e_da_passatemp">Il chaun sco animal da cumpagnia e da passatemp</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Chaun&veaction=edit&section=27" title="Modifitgar secziun: Il chaun sco animal da cumpagnia e da passatemp" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modifitgar</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Chaun&action=edit&section=27" title="Quellcode des Abschnitts bearbeiten: Il chaun sco animal da cumpagnia e da passatemp"><span>modifitgar il code</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Pervi da sia gronda capacitad da s’adattar sociala è il chaun l’animal da chasa ch’è collià a moda la pli multifara cun l’uman. Blers umans passentan ozendi lur temp liber cun il chaun e fan er sport da chauns. Betg darar furma l’animal schizunt la suletta relaziun sociala da ses possessur. Cun tractar il chaun memia fitg d’uman poi però dar sbagls gravants en la tegnida, uschia che quella na correspunda betg pli als basegns natirals dal chaun. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Organissem_da_model_en_la_perscrutaziun">Organissem da model en la perscrutaziun</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Chaun&veaction=edit&section=28" title="Modifitgar secziun: Organissem da model en la perscrutaziun" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modifitgar</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Chaun&action=edit&section=28" title="Quellcode des Abschnitts bearbeiten: Organissem da model en la perscrutaziun"><span>modifitgar il code</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>La perscrutaziun medicinala sa serva dal chaun sco animal da labor e d’experiments. Per l’ina vegnan testads en questa moda medicaments da la medischina d’animals, per l’autra servan els per tests farmacologics e toxicologics sco er en la perscrutaziun fisiologica. En diever èn surtut beagles che vegnan allevads aposta per quest intent.<sup id="cite_ref-32" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Ils ultims onns è il chaun er daventà in impurtant organissem da model per la perscrutaziun epidemiologica e genetica. Ils avantatgs dal chaun sco model per talas dumondas furma sia stretga convivenza cun l’uman, quai che maina a sumegliantas cundiziuns da l’ambient sco tar quel, la buna disponibladad d’infurmaziuns medicinalas e geneticas, la gronda variabilitad areguard la grondezza e la constituziun dal corp, il fatg ch’i stattan a disposiziun bleras lingias da reproducziun tranter consanguins, pli u main da razza pura – en furma da las differentas razzas da chauns –, e la fitg buna situaziun da datas davart malsognas ereditaras e la genetica moleculara.<sup id="cite_ref-33" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Furnitur_da_vestgadira">Furnitur da vestgadira</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Chaun&veaction=edit&section=29" title="Modifitgar secziun: Furnitur da vestgadira" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modifitgar</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Chaun&action=edit&section=29" title="Quellcode des Abschnitts bearbeiten: Furnitur da vestgadira"><span>modifitgar il code</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Surtut en l’<a href="/w/index.php?title=Asia_dal_Nord&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Asia dal Nord (n'exista betg)">Asia dal Nord</a> vegniva il pail dal chaun elavurà a pellitschas; ultra da quai han ins duvrà fin l’entschatta dal 20avel tschientaner tgirom-chaun, per exempel per producir guants. </p><p>En l’<a href="/wiki/America_dal_Nord" title="America dal Nord">America dal Nord</a> ha il pail-chaun furmà la pli impurtanta fibra textila avant l’introducziun da la nursa. Il diever dal pail-chaun en textilias è er cumprovà en chats preistorics che derivan da la Scandinavia. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Furnitur_da_charn">Furnitur da charn</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Chaun&veaction=edit&section=30" title="Modifitgar secziun: Furnitur da charn" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modifitgar</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Chaun&action=edit&section=30" title="Quellcode des Abschnitts bearbeiten: Furnitur da charn"><span>modifitgar il code</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>En intgins pajais vegn charn-chaun mangiada e fa er part da las purschidas da la gastronomia (p.ex. <a href="/wiki/Corea" title="Corea">Corea</a>, <a href="/wiki/Vietnam" title="Vietnam">Vietnam</a>, en intginas provinzas en il sid da la <a href="/w/index.php?title=China&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="China (n'exista betg)">China</a> ed en parts da l’<a href="/wiki/Africa" title="Africa">Africa</a>). En bleras culturas èsi però daventà in tabu da consumar charn-chaun. Ultra da quai cuntegna en il fratemp la legislaziun da blers pajais in scumond da far commerzi cun pails u cun charn da chauns e da giats. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Allevament">Allevament</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Chaun&veaction=edit&section=31" title="Modifitgar secziun: Allevament" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modifitgar</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Chaun&action=edit&section=31" title="Quellcode des Abschnitts bearbeiten: Allevament"><span>modifitgar il code</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Datoteca:Borneo_dog.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/08/Borneo_dog.jpg/220px-Borneo_dog.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/08/Borneo_dog.jpg/330px-Borneo_dog.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/08/Borneo_dog.jpg/440px-Borneo_dog.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1600" data-file-height="1197" /></a><figcaption>Chaun da Borneo: ina da las razzas che sumeglian ils emprims chauns domesticads</figcaption></figure> <p>En il decurs dal temp èn sa sviluppadas numerusas razzas da chauns. Quellas sa differenzieschan ina da l’autra da regiun tar regiun resp. a basa da las cundiziuns da viver e da l’ambient divergentas. Il spectrum da la grondezza dal corp è tar ils chauns uschè grond sco tar nagin auter vertebrat da la terra. L’uman ha chapì da trair a niz il chaun per fitg differentas incumbensas cun al allevar ed educar correspundentamain. La Fédération Cynologique Internationale (FCI) è l’organisaziun da tetg che coordinescha e publitgescha ils standards da razza da ses commembers naziunals e che fixescha reglas per l’allevament.<sup id="cite_ref-34" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Chauns_originars">Chauns originars</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Chaun&veaction=edit&section=32" title="Modifitgar secziun: Chauns originars" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modifitgar</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Chaun&action=edit&section=32" title="Quellcode des Abschnitts bearbeiten: Chauns originars"><span>modifitgar il code</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>En blers pajais existan razzas da chauns che correspundan areguard il fenotip fitg ferm als emprims chauns ch’èn vegnids dumestitgads. Da quellas fan per exempel part ils chauns paria che vivan tranter auter en la regiun equatoriala da l’Africa. I sa tracta da chauns ch’èn s’associads a moda lucca cun l’uman e che vegnan tolerads da quels sco magliaruments. Il cumportament da tals animals vala sco emprim pass da la domesticaziun; istoricamain ha l’allevament intenziunà gì l’emprim en mira in cumportament giavischà e pir bundant pli tard er aspects estetics. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Sistematica_dals_chauns_da_razza">Sistematica dals chauns da razza</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Chaun&veaction=edit&section=33" title="Modifitgar secziun: Sistematica dals chauns da razza" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modifitgar</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Chaun&action=edit&section=33" title="Quellcode des Abschnitts bearbeiten: Sistematica dals chauns da razza"><span>modifitgar il code</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Per structurar las differentas razzas da chauns èn d’ina vart da resguardar ils svilups da las scienzas natiralas, da l’autra vart l’istorgia da l’allevament sez. Sur lung temp han ins sutdividì las razzas tenor lur cumparsa exteriura. A basa da quella han ins cunfinà animals che sumegliavan in l’auter dals ulteriurs chauns e definì quels sco razzas. Parallelamain è sa sviluppà l’allevament da chauns che s’orientava a lur diever; la cumparsa exteriura era en quest connex da muntada secundara. Er sut quest aspect han ins cumenzà a stgaffir ina sistematica dals chauns che vegnan duvrads per il medem intent. Sco terz criteri per attribuir animals a quella u l’autra razza è sa fatg valair l’aspect regiunal. Tut quests criteris – ch’han mintgin si’istorgia e sia giustificaziun, ma che sa differenzieschan fitg ferm tranter pèr – giogan fin oz ina rolla entaifer la sistematica da las razzas da chauns. </p><p>Surtut tenor lur diever vegnan differenziads ils suandants tips da chaun: </p> <ul><li>chauns pasturs ch’èn spezialisads sin pertgirar la muntanera (p.ex. collie, border collie), sin chatschar quella (p.ex. chaun-pastur appenzellais) u sin proteger quella cunter inimis (p.ex. kuvasz).</li> <li>chauns da chasa/dal bain puril (p.ex. hovawart) e chauns da guardia (p.ex. vulpet)</li> <li>chauns da stalla (p.ex. pinscher e schnauzer)</li> <li>chauns da cumpagnia (p.ex. havaneser, papillon) ed accumpagnaders</li> <li>chauns da chatscha autamain spezialisads per divers aspects da la chatscha (chauns da sang, chauns curriders e.a.)</li> <li>levriers</li></ul> <p>L’allevament modern da chauns da razza è, en congual cun il lung spazi da temp dapi la domesticaziun dal chaun, in fenomen fitg giuven. Quel ha cumenzà la mesadad dal 19avel tschientaner cun l’industrialisaziun progredinta, ha inizià en ils pajais industrials ils pli sviluppads ed è collià cun las enconuschientschas davart las leschas da l’ereditad. Pir en quest context ha cumenzà in allevament sistematic cun la finamira da cuntanscher tscherts segns caracteristics exteriurs sco er l’allevament da razzas unitaras. La tratga è vegnida documentada en cudeschs d’allevament ed en tavlas genealogicas. Punct da partenza per questas razzas han però furmà chauns ch’ins allevava per tscherts intents. Damai che quests intents, vul dir la funcziun dal chaun (cf. survart), èn daventads cun il temp main impurtants, classifitgeschan ins oz ils chauns tenor differents aspects. La problematica da questa sistematica è quella che tant l’intent d’utilisaziun sco er la cumparsa exteriura d’ina razza è sa midada en il decurs da l’allevament. Ed in’attribuziun regiunala da chauns da razza n’è oz savens gnanc pli pussaivla. </p><p>La sistematica chinologica da las razzas da chauns vegn tgirada da la Fédération Cynologique Internationale (FCI). Quella renconuscha actualmain stgars 350 razzas.<sup id="cite_ref-35" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-35"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>35<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Questa sistematica è sa sviluppada istoricamain e na resguarda betg il grad da parentella genetic tranter las singulas razzas. Entaifer la sistematica da la FCI vegnan tut las razzas da chauns ch’èn renconuschidas sutdivididas en 10 gruppas, las qualas èn da lur vart sutdivididas en secziuns: </p> <ul><li>gruppa 01: chauns da guardia e chauns-pastur (cun excepziun dals chauns-pastur svizzers)</li> <li>gruppa 02: pinscher e schnauzer – molossoids – chauns-pastur svizzers ed autras razzas</li> <li>gruppa 03: terrier</li> <li>gruppa 04: bassets (er numnads chauns da tais)</li> <li>gruppa 05: vulpets e chauns dal tip originar</li> <li>gruppa 06: chauns curriders, chauns da sang e razzas parentadas</li> <li>gruppa 07: chauns da ferma</li> <li>gruppa 08: chauns d’apportar – chauns svutraders – chauns d’aua</li> <li>gruppa 09: chauns da cumpagnia</li> <li>gruppa 10: levriers</li></ul> <p>Ordaifer questa sistematica datti numerusas razzas che n’èn betg renconuschidas da la FCI sco er ina retscha da razzas che valan sco extinctas (p.ex. basset d’Artois, braque belge) e ch’èn perquai vegnidas stritgadas or da la sistematica. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Intginas_razzas_da_chauns">Intginas razzas da chauns</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Chaun&veaction=edit&section=34" title="Modifitgar secziun: Intginas razzas da chauns" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modifitgar</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Chaun&action=edit&section=34" title="Quellcode des Abschnitts bearbeiten: Intginas razzas da chauns"><span>modifitgar il code</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Datoteca:Collage_of_Nine_Dogs.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d9/Collage_of_Nine_Dogs.jpg/250px-Collage_of_Nine_Dogs.jpg" decoding="async" width="250" height="220" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d9/Collage_of_Nine_Dogs.jpg/375px-Collage_of_Nine_Dogs.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d9/Collage_of_Nine_Dogs.jpg/500px-Collage_of_Nine_Dogs.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1665" data-file-height="1463" /></a><figcaption>Diversas razzas da chauns</figcaption></figure> <p>Tar las pli pitschnas razzas da chauns renconuschidas tutga il chihuahua (FCI nr. 218) cun in pais tranter 0,5 e 4,0 kg ed in’autezza dal spitg dal dies da sut 20 cm. Tar las pli grondas razzas da chauns tutgan il doc tudestg (FCI nr. 235) cun in’autezza dal spitg dal dies d’almain 80 cm tar mastgels e l’irish wolfhound (FCI nr. 160) cun fin a 95 cm. Tar las raritads entaifer las razzas da chauns tutgan il curly coated retriever u e il shar pei ch’è oriundamain vegnì allevà en China e ch’è documentà dapi bundant 2000 onns. </p><p>Tar intginas razzas va l’allevament uschè lunsch che quai po manar a problems da sanadad, sco respiraziun asmatica u problems cun ils egls, ubain ch’ina naschientscha natirala n’è betg pli pussaivla, sco per exempel tar il buldoc englais. Tar autras razzas èn tschertas caracteristicas natiralas vegnidas exageradas senza mesira, sco per exempel la furmaziun da faudas tar il shar pei. Talas finamiras d’allevament vegnan consideradas en il fratemp sco maltractament d’animals ed er cumbattidas a nivel politic.<sup id="cite_ref-36" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-36"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>36<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Defects_genetics">Defects genetics</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Chaun&veaction=edit&section=35" title="Modifitgar secziun: Defects genetics" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modifitgar</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Chaun&action=edit&section=35" title="Quellcode des Abschnitts bearbeiten: Defects genetics"><span>modifitgar il code</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Tar tuttas razzas da chauns e bastards exista il privel da defects genetics. Tals poi surtut dar là nua ch’i vegn adina puspè cruschà en il medem material genetic, sco che quai è il cas tar allevaments en territoris isolads sco per exempel inslas (uschenumnà culiez da la buttiglia genetic). Ma per part han ins er sapientivamain prendì en cumpra u tratg a niz defects genetics per cuntanscher finamiras d’allevament (p.ex. il dies pendent dal chaun-nurser tudestg u il dies fitg lung dal basset). Quai po manar a problems che tanschan da giugadiras defurmadas fin a spinals instabils. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Tegnida">Tegnida</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Chaun&veaction=edit&section=36" title="Modifitgar secziun: Tegnida" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modifitgar</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Chaun&action=edit&section=36" title="Quellcode des Abschnitts bearbeiten: Tegnida"><span>modifitgar il code</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Suenter il giat è il chaun l’animal da chasa il pli derasà en l’Europa Centrala. En Svizra vivevan il 2016 ca. 522 000 chauns. </p><p>Per ordinari vegnan chauns tegnids sco singul individi u en pitschnas gruppas en proxima vischinanza dal spazi da viver dal possessur. Quai po per l’ina esser la sfera d’abitar dal possessur sez, per l’autra è però er usitada la tegnida en il liber (cun rentar u en in claus). Tuttas trais furmas da la tegnida pon esser colliadas cun il privel da tegnair ils animals a moda betg confurma cun la protecziun dals animals. </p><p>Chauns daventads selvadis (tar ils quals tutgan er ils chauns che vivan sin via ed ils chauns vagabundants) na datti strusch pli en l’Europa Centrala. En l’Europa dal Sid e da l’Ost, en parts da l’Asia, da l’Africa e da l’America latina è quest fenomen però derasà vastamain. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Nutriment">Nutriment</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Chaun&veaction=edit&section=37" title="Modifitgar secziun: Nutriment" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modifitgar</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Chaun&action=edit&section=37" title="Quellcode des Abschnitts bearbeiten: Nutriment"><span>modifitgar il code</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Sco ils lufs èn er ils chauns abels d’adattar fin in tschert punct lur nutriment a la purschida avant maun. Gia lufs na sa nutreschan betg exclusivamain d’animals da preda (ed er quels – consumads dal tuttafatg – cuntegnan gia substanzas nutritivas vegetalas). Tut tenor l’offerta da pavel maglian lufs tuttavia er ragischs, feglia, fains u fritgs. En il decurs da la convivenza cun l’uman è il chaun s’adattà pli e pli al nutriment da quel ed è daventà in magliatut. Charn sco sulet pavel è perquai in’alimentaziun nuncommensurada per in chaun.<sup id="cite_ref-37" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-37"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>37<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Pavel per chauns (da producziun industriala) è la moda la pli simpla da furnir al chaun tut las substanzas nutritivas ch’el basegna. Problematic èsi percunter d’al nutrir cun vanzadiras da spaisas, damai che quellas pon manar a stadis da mancanza. </p><p>Tschertas victualias e products da giudiment da l’uman pon er esser per il chaun pli u main toxicas. Quai vala per exempel per tschigulatta (pervi dal teobromin ch’è cuntegnì en quella), ma er per tschagulas e per ivas resp. ivettas. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Malsognas">Malsognas</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Chaun&veaction=edit&section=38" title="Modifitgar secziun: Malsognas" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modifitgar</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Chaun&action=edit&section=38" title="Quellcode des Abschnitts bearbeiten: Malsognas"><span>modifitgar il code</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Il spectrum da las malsognas da chauns è fitg vast e sa lascha cumparegliar en sia varietad cun las malsognas da l’uman. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Istorgia_culturala">Istorgia culturala</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Chaun&veaction=edit&section=39" title="Modifitgar secziun: Istorgia culturala" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modifitgar</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Chaun&action=edit&section=39" title="Quellcode des Abschnitts bearbeiten: Istorgia culturala"><span>modifitgar il code</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Datoteca:Molossian_hound_BM_GR2001.10-10.1_n02.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a0/Molossian_hound_BM_GR2001.10-10.1_n02.jpg/150px-Molossian_hound_BM_GR2001.10-10.1_n02.jpg" decoding="async" width="150" height="225" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a0/Molossian_hound_BM_GR2001.10-10.1_n02.jpg/225px-Molossian_hound_BM_GR2001.10-10.1_n02.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a0/Molossian_hound_BM_GR2001.10-10.1_n02.jpg/300px-Molossian_hound_BM_GR2001.10-10.1_n02.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2600" data-file-height="3900" /></a><figcaption>Statua da marmel dal temp roman</figcaption></figure> <p>En las differentas culturas han ins valità resp. stimà ils chauns a moda fitg differenta. </p> <ul><li>En l’<a href="/wiki/Europa" title="Europa">Europa</a> e qua surtut en la cultura germana èn ils chauns vegnids considerads tradiziunalmain sco accumpagnaders fidaivels da l’uman e stimads sco chauns da guardia, chauns-pastur u chauns da chatscha (cf. p.ex. il chaun Argos en l’<a href="/w/index.php?title=Odissea&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Odissea (n'exista betg)">Odissea</a> da <a href="/w/index.php?title=Homer&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Homer (n'exista betg)">Homer</a>). En modas da dir dal mintgadi vegnan chauns però tractads per ordinari cun in tschert spretsch (vita da chaun, aura da chaun, stanchel sco in chaun etc.).</li> <li>En il <a href="/wiki/Giudaissem" title="Giudaissem">giudaissem</a> ed en il <a href="/wiki/Cristianissem" title="Cristianissem">cristianissem</a> che sa basa sin quel n’eran ils chauns oriundamain betg fitg bainvis. Per ordinari vegn discurrì da quels a moda sdegnusa ed il chaun serva sco maletg per ina creatira sbittada u sco spretsch (p.ex. 2. cudesch da Samuel 3,8: «Sun jau forsa in chau-chaun da Juda?» u Matteus 7,6: «Vus na duais betg dar il sontg als chauns.»).</li> <li>En l’<a href="/wiki/Islam" title="Islam">islam</a> datti differentas opiniuns areguard la dumonda sche chauns sajan malnets u betg. La posiziun la pli derasada è quella che be la spida dal chaun saja malnetta. La preda che vegn purtada natiers da chauns vala però sco netta, er sche quella è stada en bucca dal chaun. En il <a href="/w/index.php?title=Coran&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Coran (n'exista betg)">Coran</a> sez cumpara il chaun en trais suras (sco chaun da chatscha, en ina cumparegliaziun tranter in nuncartent ed in chaun e cun Raqīm sco num d’in chaun).</li> <li>En <a href="/w/index.php?title=China&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="China (n'exista betg)">China</a> han ins ina tenuta pli u main pragmatica envers il chaun. El vegn ni venerà ni sdegnà; en tschertas provinzas en il sid dal pajais serva el schizunt sco spaisa. En la simbolica stat il chaun per il vest, per l’atun e mintgatant er per ritgezza. Il chaun furma l’indeschavel animal entaifer il zodiac chinais.</li> <li>Tar ils <a href="/w/index.php?title=Indians_da_l%27America_dal_Nord&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Indians da l'America dal Nord (n'exista betg)">Indians da l'America dal Nord</a> èn chauns per part vegnids unfrids per pussanzas superiuras (Manitu tar ils Algonchins) u sco simbol per charn sco nutriment (Irocais).<sup id="cite_ref-38" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-38"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>38<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Annotaziuns">Annotaziuns</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Chaun&veaction=edit&section=40" title="Modifitgar secziun: Annotaziuns" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modifitgar</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Chaun&action=edit&section=40" title="Quellcode des Abschnitts bearbeiten: Annotaziuns"><span>modifitgar il code</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-1">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Ádám Miklósi: <i>Hunde. Evolution, Kognition und Verhalten</i>. Franckh-Kosmos, Stuttgart 2011, <a href="/wiki/Spezial:ISBN-Suche/9783440124628" class="internal mw-magiclink-isbn">ISBN 978-3-440-12462-8</a>, p. 143.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-2">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">W. Christopher Wozencraft: <i>Canis lupus</i>, en: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (ed.): <i>Mammal Species of the World: A Taxonomic and Geographic Reference</i>, 3. ed., The Johns Hopkins University Press, Baltimore 2005, <a href="/wiki/Spezial:ISBN-Suche/0801882214" class="internal mw-magiclink-isbn">ISBN 0-8018-8221-4</a>, p. 532–628.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-3">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Kevin Stafford: <i>The Welfare of Dogs</i>, en: <i>Animal Welfare</i>, tom 4, Springer, Dordrecht 2006, <a href="/wiki/Spezial:ISBN-Suche/1402043619" class="internal mw-magiclink-isbn">ISBN 1-4020-4361-9</a>, p. 32.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-4">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">H.E. Heffener: <i>Hearing in Large and Small Dogs: Absolute Thresholds and Size of the Tympanic Membrane</i>. En: <i>Behav Neurosci</i>, 97 (2): 310–318, 1983.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-5">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Wolfgang von Engelhardt, Gerhard Breves: <i>Physiologie der Haustiere.</i> Georg Thieme Verlag, 2009, <a href="/wiki/Spezial:ISBN-Suche/3830410786" class="internal mw-magiclink-isbn">ISBN 3-8304-1078-6</a>, p. 96.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-6">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Alabama A&M: <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120111093700/http://www.aces.edu/pubs/docs/U/UNP-0066/UNP-0066.pdf"><i>The Dog’s Sense of Smell</i></a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-7">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Stanley Coren: <i>Wie Hunde denken und fühlen. Die Welt aus Hundesicht – So lernen und kommunizieren Hunde</i>. Kosmos-Verlag, Stuttgart 2005, <a href="/wiki/Spezial:ISBN-Suche/3440103315" class="internal mw-magiclink-isbn">ISBN 3-440-10331-5</a>, p. 95–103.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-tast-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-tast_8-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Stanley Coren: <i>Wie Hunde denken und fühlen. Die Welt aus Hundesicht – So lernen und kommunizieren Hunde</i>. Kosmos-Verlag, Stuttgart 2005, <a href="/wiki/Spezial:ISBN-Suche/3440103315" class="internal mw-magiclink-isbn">ISBN 3-440-10331-5</a>, p. 107–125.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-9">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Vlastimil Hart e.a.: <i>Dogs are sensitive to small variations of the Earth’s magnetic field</i>, en: <i>Frontiers in Zoology</i>, tom 10, nr. 80, 2013.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-10">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Lindblad-Toh K., Wade C.M., Mikkelsen T.S. e.a.: <i>Genome sequence, comparative analysis and haplotype structure of the domestic dog</i>, en: <i>Nature</i>, tom 438, nr. 7069 (2005), p. 803–819.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-11">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Dorit Urd Feddersen-Petersen: <i>Hundepsychologie</i>. Franckh-Kosmos, Stuttgart 2004, <a href="/wiki/Spezial:ISBN-Suche/9783440097809" class="internal mw-magiclink-isbn">ISBN 978-3-440-09780-9</a>, p. 222.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-12">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Kersti Seksel: <i>Die Sozialisation des Hundewelpen.</i> En: <i>Vet. Focus</i> 20 (2010), p. 7–12.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-13">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Ádám Miklósi: <i>Hunde. Evolution, Kognition und Verhalten</i>. Franckh-Kosmos, Stuttgart 2011, <a href="/wiki/Spezial:ISBN-Suche/9783440124628" class="internal mw-magiclink-isbn">ISBN 978-3-440-12462-8</a>, p. 331.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-14">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">C. Selman, D.H. Nussey, P.Monaghan: <i>Ageing: it’s a dog’s life.</i> En: <i>Current biology</i>, tom 23, nr. 10, matg 2013, p. R451–R453.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-15">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Erik Zimen: <i>Der Hund</i>. 1. ed. 1988, <a href="/wiki/Spezial:ISBN-Suche/3570005070" class="internal mw-magiclink-isbn">ISBN 3-570-00507-0</a>, p. 42–44.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-16">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Erik Zimen: <i>Der Wolf</i>. Franckh-Kosmos, Stuttgart 2003, <a href="/wiki/Spezial:ISBN-Suche/3440097420" class="internal mw-magiclink-isbn">ISBN 3-440-09742-0</a>, p. 363–366.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-17">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">G. Larson e.a.: <i>Rethinking dog domestication by integrating genetics, archeology, and biogeography.</i> En: <i>PNAS</i>, tom 109, p. 8878–8883, 2012.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-18">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">A.S. Druzhkova, O. Thalmann, V.A. Trifonov, J.A. Leonard, N.V. Vorobieva e.a.: <i>Ancient DNA Analysis Affirms the Canid from Altai as a Primitive Dog</i>, en: <i>PLoS ONE</i>, tom 8(3), 2013.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-19"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-19">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">H.G. Parker e.a.: <i>Genetic structure of the purebred domestic dog</i>. En: <i>Science</i> 304(5674), 2004, p. 1160–1164.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-20"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-20">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">P. Savolainen, Y.P. Zhang, J. Lu, J. Lundeberg e T. Leitner: <i>Genetic evidence for an East Asian origin of domestic dogs.</i> En: <i>Science</i>, tom 298, 2002, p. 1610–1613.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-21"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-21">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Jun-Feng Pang, Cornelya Kluetsch e.a.: <i>mtDNA data indicate a single origin for dogs south of Yangtze River, less than 16,300 years ago, from numerous wolves</i>. En: <i>Molecular biology and evolution</i>, tom 26, nr. 12 (2009), p. 2849–2864.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-22"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-22">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Z.L. Ding, M. Oskarsson e.a.: <i>Origins of domestic dog in Southern East Asia is supported by analysis of Y-chromosome DNA.</i> Heredity, 2011</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-23"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-23">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">O. Thalmann, B. Shapiro e.a.: <i>Complete Mitochondrial Genomes of Ancient Canids Suggest a European Origin of Domestic Dogs.</i> En: <i>Science.</i> 342, 2013, p. 871–874.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-24"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-24">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Mietje Germonpré, Mikhail V. Sablin e.a.: <i>Fossil dogs and wolves from Palaeolithic sites in Belgium, the Ukraine and Russia: osteometry, ancient DNA and stable isotopes.</i> En: <i>Journal of Archaeological Science</i>, tom 36/2, 2009, p. 473–490.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-25"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-25">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Florian A. Fladerer: <i>Die Faunareste vom jungpaläolithischen Lagerplatz Krems-Wachtberg, Ausgrabung 1930. Jagdwild und Tierkörpernutzung an der Donau vor 27.000 Jahren.</i> Verlag der Österreichischen Akademie der Wissenschaften, Vienna 2001.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-26"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-26">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Norbert Benecke: <i>Archäozoologische Studien zur Entwicklung der Haustierhaltung in Mitteleuropa und Südskandinavien von den Anfängen bis zum ausgehenden Mittelalter.</i> Berlin, Akademie Verlag, 1994.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-27"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-27">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">M.V. Sablin, G.A. Khlopachev: <i>Die ältesten Hunde aus Eliseevici I (Russland).</i> En: <i>Archäologisches Korrespondenzblatt</i> 33, 2003, p. 309–316.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-28"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-28">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Hannes Napierala: <i>Ein 14 000 Jahre alter Hundeknochen.</i> En: <i>Archäologie in Deutschland</i>, carnet 5, 2010.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-29"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-29">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Darcy F. Morey: <i>Burying key evidence: the social bond between dogs and people.</i> En: Journal of Archaeological Science, tom 33/2, 2006, p. 158–175.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-30"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-30">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Tito, R.Y., Belknap, P. L. e.a. (2011): <i>Brief communication: DNA from early Holocene American dog</i>. En: <i>American Journal of Physical Anthropology</i> 145, p. 653–657.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-31"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-31">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Robert J. Losey e.a.: <i>Canids as persons: Early Neolithic dog and wolf burials, Cis-Baikal, Siberia.</i> En: <i>Journal of Anthropological Archaeology</i>, tom 30, carnet 2, 2011, p. 174–189.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-32"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-32">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">M. Pellegatti: <i>Dogs and monkeys in preclinical drug development: the challenge of reducing and replacing.</i> En: <i>Expert opinion on drug metabolism & toxicology</i>, matg 2013.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-33"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-33">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">K.M. Gilmore, K.A. Greer: <i>Why is the dog an ideal model for aging research?</i> En: <i>Experimental gerontology</i>, tom 71, november 2015, p. 14–20.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-34"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-34">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20051230023215/http://www.fci.be/uploaded_files/Zucht_DE.doc">Reglament internaziunal da tratga da la FCI</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-35"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-35">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">fci.be/de <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.fci.be/de/Prasentation-unserer-Organisation-4.html"><i>Fédération Cynologique Internationale</i></a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-36"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-36">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Th. Bartels e W. Wegner: <i>Fehlentwicklungen in der Haustierzucht</i>. Ferdinand Enke Verlag, Stuttgart 1998, <a href="/wiki/Spezial:ISBN-Suche/3432281315" class="internal mw-magiclink-isbn">ISBN 3-432-28131-5</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-37"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-37">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Helmut Meyer, Jürgen Zentek: <i>Ernährung des Hundes. Grundlagen – Fütterung – Diätetik.</i> Enke, Stuttgart 2005, <a href="/wiki/Spezial:ISBN-Suche/9783830410829" class="internal mw-magiclink-isbn">ISBN 978-3-8304-1082-9</a>, p. 2–3.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-38"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-38">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Christian F. Feest: <i>Beseelte Welten – Die Religionen der Indianer Nordamerikas.</i> En: <i>Kleine Bibliothek der Religionen</i>, tom 9, Herder, Freiburg / Basilea / Vienna 1998, <a href="/wiki/Spezial:ISBN-Suche/3451238497" class="internal mw-magiclink-isbn">ISBN 3-451-23849-7</a>, p. 148.</span> </li> </ol> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Litteratura">Litteratura</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Chaun&veaction=edit&section=41" title="Modifitgar secziun: Litteratura" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modifitgar</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Chaun&action=edit&section=41" title="Quellcode des Abschnitts bearbeiten: Litteratura"><span>modifitgar il code</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Survistas">Survistas</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Chaun&veaction=edit&section=42" title="Modifitgar secziun: Survistas" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modifitgar</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Chaun&action=edit&section=42" title="Quellcode des Abschnitts bearbeiten: Survistas"><span>modifitgar il code</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>Wilhelm Wegner: <i>Kleine Kynologie</i>. 4. ed. cumplettada. Terra-Verlag, Constanza 1995, <a href="/wiki/Spezial:ISBN-Suche/3920942124" class="internal mw-magiclink-isbn">ISBN 3-920942-12-4</a>.</li> <li>Konrad Lorenz: <i>So kam der Mensch auf den Hund</i>. DTV 1998, <a href="/wiki/Spezial:ISBN-Suche/9783423201131" class="internal mw-magiclink-isbn">ISBN 978-3-423-20113-1</a>.</li> <li>Erik Zimen: <i>Der Hund: Abstammung – Verhalten – Mensch und Hund</i>. Goldmann, Minca 2010, <a href="/wiki/Spezial:ISBN-Suche/9783442156276" class="internal mw-magiclink-isbn">ISBN 978-3-442-15627-6</a>.</li> <li>Peter Suter e.a.: <i>Praktikum der Hundeklinik</i>. 11. ed., Enke 2011, <a href="/wiki/Spezial:ISBN-Suche/9783830411253" class="internal mw-magiclink-isbn">ISBN 978-3-8304-1125-3</a>.</li> <li>Helmut Brackert e Cora van Kleffens: <i>Von Hunden und Menschen: Geschichte einer Lebensgemeinschaft.</i> Minca 1989.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Cumportament">Cumportament</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Chaun&veaction=edit&section=43" title="Modifitgar secziun: Cumportament" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modifitgar</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Chaun&action=edit&section=43" title="Quellcode des Abschnitts bearbeiten: Cumportament"><span>modifitgar il code</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>Eberhard Trumler: <i>Mit dem Hund auf du: Zum Verständnis seines Wesens und Verhaltens</i>. 14. ed., Piper 1995, <a href="/wiki/Spezial:ISBN-Suche/9783492211352" class="internal mw-magiclink-isbn">ISBN 978-3-492-21135-2</a>.</li> <li>Dorit Feddersen-Petersen: <i>Hundepsychologie: Sozialverhalten und Wesen. Emotionen und Individualität</i>. Franckh-Kosmos 2004, <a href="/wiki/Spezial:ISBN-Suche/9783440097809" class="internal mw-magiclink-isbn">ISBN 978-3-440-09780-9</a>.</li> <li>Alexandra Horowitz e Jorun Wissmann: <i>Was denkt der Hund?</i> Spektrum akademischer Verlag 2010, <a href="/wiki/Spezial:ISBN-Suche/9783827429698" class="internal mw-magiclink-isbn">ISBN 978-3-8274-2969-8</a>.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Razzas_ed_allevament">Razzas ed allevament</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Chaun&veaction=edit&section=44" title="Modifitgar secziun: Razzas ed allevament" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modifitgar</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Chaun&action=edit&section=44" title="Quellcode des Abschnitts bearbeiten: Razzas ed allevament"><span>modifitgar il code</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>Hans Räber: <i>Brevier neuzeitlicher Hundezucht</i>. 5. ed., Verlag Paul Haupt, Berna 1995, <a href="/wiki/Spezial:ISBN-Suche/9783258049748" class="internal mw-magiclink-isbn">ISBN 978-3-258-04974-8</a>.</li> <li>Hans Räber: <i>Enzyklopädie der Rassehunde</i>. Franckh-Kosmos 2001, <a href="/wiki/Spezial:ISBN-Suche/9783440082355" class="internal mw-magiclink-isbn">ISBN 978-3-440-08235-5</a> (2 toms).</li> <li>Hellmuth Wachtel: <i>Hundezucht 2000: Populationsgenetik für Hundezüchter und andere Kynologen.</i> Kynos Verlag 2007, <a href="/wiki/Spezial:ISBN-Suche/9783938071328" class="internal mw-magiclink-isbn">ISBN 978-3-938071-32-8</a>.</li> <li>Desmond Morris: <i>Dogs: The Ultimate Dictionary of Over 1000 Dog Breeds</i>. 2. ed., Trafalgar Square Books, Londra 2008, <a href="/wiki/Spezial:ISBN-Suche/9781570764103" class="internal mw-magiclink-isbn">ISBN 978-1-57076-410-3</a>.</li> <li>Dominique de Vito: <i>World Atlas of Dog Breeds</i>. 6. ed., TFH Publications 2009, <a href="/wiki/Spezial:ISBN-Suche/9780793806560" class="internal mw-magiclink-isbn">ISBN 978-0-7938-0656-0</a>.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Colliaziuns">Colliaziuns</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Chaun&veaction=edit&section=45" title="Modifitgar secziun: Colliaziuns" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modifitgar</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Chaun&action=edit&section=45" title="Quellcode des Abschnitts bearbeiten: Colliaziuns"><span>modifitgar il code</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="sisterproject" style="margin:0.1em 0 0 0;"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Commons"><img alt="Commons" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/12px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="12" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/18px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/24px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></span></span> <b><span class="plainlinks"><a class="external text" href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Dogs?uselang=rm">Commons: Chaun</a></span></b> – Collecziun da maletgs, videos e datotecas d'audio</div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.hundezeitung.de/">hundezeitung.de</a> – portal d’infurmaziun davart il chaun cun bundant 1500 artitgels tematics</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.skg.ch/">Societad chinologica svizra</a></li></ul>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1&useformat=desktop" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Da "<a dir="ltr" href="https://rm.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Chaun&oldid=160652">https://rm.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Chaun&oldid=160652</a>"</div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface"><div id="mw-normal-catlinks" class="mw-normal-catlinks"><a href="/wiki/Spezial:Kategorien" title="Spezial:Kategorien">Categorias</a>: <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Categoria:Seiten,_die_magische_ISBN-Links_verwenden&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Categoria:Seiten, die magische ISBN-Links verwenden (n'exista betg)">Seiten, die magische ISBN-Links verwenden</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Categoria:Mammals" title="Categoria:Mammals">Mammals</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Categoria:Artitgels_recumandads_(Animals)" title="Categoria:Artitgels recumandads (Animals)">Artitgels recumandads (Animals)</a></li></ul></div></div> </div> </main> </div> <div class="mw-footer-container"> <footer id="footer" class="mw-footer" > <ul id="footer-info"> <li id="footer-info-lastmod"> Questa pagina è vegnida modifitgada l'ultima giada ils 20. avust 2021 a las 21:25.</li> <li id="footer-info-copyright"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://stats.grok.se/rm/latest30/Chaun">Statistica d'access per questa pagina</a><br /><br /> Text is available under the <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/">Creative Commons Attribution/Share-Alike License</a>; additional terms may apply. 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