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</a> <button aria-controls="toc-History-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle History subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-History-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Vassal_of_the_Great_Khan_(1227–1266)" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Vassal_of_the_Great_Khan_(1227–1266)"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.1</span> <span>Vassal of the Great Khan (1227–1266)</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Vassal_of_the_Great_Khan_(1227–1266)-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Reign_of_Kaidu_(1266–1301)" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Reign_of_Kaidu_(1266–1301)"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.2</span> <span>Reign of Kaidu (1266–1301)</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Reign_of_Kaidu_(1266–1301)-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Foreign_wars_(1301–1325)" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Foreign_wars_(1301–1325)"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.3</span> <span>Foreign wars (1301–1325)</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Foreign_wars_(1301–1325)-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Religious_conflict_(1325–1338)" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Religious_conflict_(1325–1338)"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.4</span> <span>Religious conflict (1325–1338)</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Religious_conflict_(1325–1338)-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Fragmentation_and_expansion_(1338–1363)" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Fragmentation_and_expansion_(1338–1363)"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.5</span> <span>Fragmentation and expansion (1338–1363)</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Fragmentation_and_expansion_(1338–1363)-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Moghulistan_(1363–1487)" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Moghulistan_(1363–1487)"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.6</span> <span>Moghulistan (1363–1487)</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Moghulistan_(1363–1487)-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Yarkent_and_Turpan_Khanates_(1487–1705)" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Yarkent_and_Turpan_Khanates_(1487–1705)"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.7</span> <span>Yarkent and Turpan Khanates (1487–1705)</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Yarkent_and_Turpan_Khanates_(1487–1705)-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Yarkent_Khanate_(1487–1705)" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Yarkent_Khanate_(1487–1705)"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.7.1</span> <span>Yarkent Khanate (1487–1705)</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Yarkent_Khanate_(1487–1705)-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Turpan_Khanate_(1487–1660?)" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Turpan_Khanate_(1487–1660?)"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.7.2</span> <span>Turpan Khanate (1487–1660?)</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Turpan_Khanate_(1487–1660?)-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Government" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Government"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Government</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Government-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Family_tree" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Family_tree"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Family tree</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Family_tree-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>See also</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-References-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle References subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Citations" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Citations"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.1</span> <span>Citations</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Citations-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Sources" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Sources"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.2</span> <span>Sources</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Sources-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>External links</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Toggle the table of contents</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Chagatai Khanate</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 63 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-63" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">63 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tsjagatai-khanaat" title="Tsjagatai-khanaat – Afrikaans" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="Tsjagatai-khanaat" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="Afrikaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Afrikaans</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AE%D8%A7%D9%86%D9%8A%D8%A9_%D8%AC%D8%BA%D8%AA%D8%A7%D9%8A" title="خانية جغتاي – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="خانية جغتاي" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-an mw-list-item"><a href="https://an.wikipedia.org/wiki/Khanato_Chagatai" title="Khanato Chagatai – Aragonese" lang="an" hreflang="an" data-title="Khanato Chagatai" data-language-autonym="Aragonés" data-language-local-name="Aragonese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Aragonés</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kanato_de_Chagatai" title="Kanato de Chagatai – Asturian" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Kanato de Chagatai" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="Asturian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Asturianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/C%C4%B1%C4%9Fatay_xanl%C4%B1%C4%9F%C4%B1" title="Cığatay xanlığı – Azerbaijani" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Cığatay xanlığı" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-azb mw-list-item"><a href="https://azb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AC%DB%8C%D8%BA%D8%A7%D8%AA%D8%A7%DB%8C_%D8%AE%D8%A7%D9%86%D9%84%DB%8C%D8%BA%DB%8C" title="جیغاتای خانلیغی – South Azerbaijani" lang="azb" hreflang="azb" data-title="جیغاتای خانلیغی" data-language-autonym="تۆرکجه" data-language-local-name="South Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>تۆرکجه</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%9A%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%97%E0%A6%A4%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%87_%E0%A6%96%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%A8%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%A4" title="চাগতাই খানাত – Bangla" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="চাগতাই খানাত" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="Bangla" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ba mw-list-item"><a href="https://ba.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D1%8B%D2%93%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%B9_%D1%83%D0%BB%D1%83%D1%81%D1%8B" title="Сығатай улусы – Bashkir" lang="ba" hreflang="ba" data-title="Сығатай улусы" data-language-autonym="Башҡортса" data-language-local-name="Bashkir" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Башҡортса</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A7%D0%B0%D0%B3%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%B9%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%BE_%D1%85%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%BE" title="Чагатайско ханство – Bulgarian" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Чагатайско ханство" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kanat_de_Txagatai" title="Kanat de Txagatai – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Kanat de Txagatai" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C4%8Cagatajsk%C3%BD_chan%C3%A1t" title="Čagatajský chanát – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Čagatajský chanát" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chagatai-khanatet" title="Chagatai-khanatet – Danish" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Chagatai-khanatet" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Danish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tschagatai-Khanat" title="Tschagatai-Khanat – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Tschagatai-Khanat" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%A7%CE%B1%CE%BD%CE%AC%CF%84%CE%BF_%CE%A4%CF%83%CE%B1%CE%B3%CE%BA%CE%B1%CF%84%CE%AC%CE%B9" title="Χανάτο Τσαγκατάι – Greek" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Χανάτο Τσαγκατάι" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="Greek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kanato_de_Chagatai" title="Kanato de Chagatai – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Kanato de Chagatai" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C4%88agataja_%C4%A4anlando" title="Ĉagataja Ĥanlando – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Ĉagataja Ĥanlando" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Txagatai_Khanerria" title="Txagatai Khanerria – Basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Txagatai Khanerria" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Basque" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AE%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%A7%D8%AA_%D8%AC%D8%BA%D8%AA%D8%A7%DB%8C" title="خانات جغتای – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="خانات جغتای" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Khanat_de_Djaghata%C3%AF" title="Khanat de Djaghataï – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Khanat de Djaghataï" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EC%B0%A8%EA%B0%80%ED%83%80%EC%9D%B4_%EC%B9%B8%EA%B5%AD" title="차가타이 칸국 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="차가타이 칸국" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D5%89%D5%A1%D5%B2%D5%A1%D5%A9%D5%A1%D5%B5%D5%AB_%D5%B8%D6%82%D5%AC%D5%B8%D6%82%D5%BD" title="Չաղաթայի ուլուս – Armenian" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Չաղաթայի ուլուս" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="Armenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%9A%E0%A4%97%E0%A4%BC%E0%A4%A4%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%88_%E0%A4%96%E0%A4%BC%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%A8%E0%A4%A4" title="चग़ताई ख़ानत – Hindi" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="चग़ताई ख़ानत" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="Hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C4%8Cagatajski_Kanat" title="Čagatajski Kanat – Croatian" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Čagatajski Kanat" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kekhanan_Chagatai" title="Kekhanan Chagatai – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Kekhanan Chagatai" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Khanato_Chagatai" title="Khanato Chagatai – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Khanato Chagatai" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%A6%27%D7%90%D7%92%D7%90%D7%98%D7%90%D7%99_(%D7%97%D7%90%D7%A0%D7%95%D7%AA)" title="צ'אגאטאי (חאנות) – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="צ'אגאטאי (חאנות)" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%A9%E1%83%90%E1%83%A6%E1%83%90%E1%83%97%E1%83%90%E1%83%A1_%E1%83%A3%E1%83%9A%E1%83%A3%E1%83%A1%E1%83%98" title="ჩაღათას ულუსი – Georgian" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="ჩაღათას ულუსი" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="Georgian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A8%D0%B0%D2%93%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%B9_%D2%9B%D0%B0%D2%93%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%82%D1%8B" title="Шағатай қағанаты – Kazakh" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="Шағатай қағанаты" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="Kazakh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Қазақша</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ky mw-list-item"><a href="https://ky.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A7%D0%B0%D0%B3%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%B9_%D1%83%D0%BB%D1%83%D1%81%D1%83" title="Чагатай улусу – Kyrgyz" lang="ky" hreflang="ky" data-title="Чагатай улусу" data-language-autonym="Кыргызча" data-language-local-name="Kyrgyz" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Кыргызча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C4%8Cagatajaus_chanatas" title="Čagatajaus chanatas – Lithuanian" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Čagatajaus chanatas" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="Lithuanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Csagat%C3%A1j_K%C3%A1ns%C3%A1g" title="Csagatáj Kánság – Hungarian" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Csagatáj Kánság" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hungarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A7%D0%B0%D0%B3%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%98%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8_%D0%A5%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%82" title="Чагатајски Ханат – Macedonian" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Чагатајски Ханат" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="Macedonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml mw-list-item"><a href="https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B4%9A%E0%B4%97%E0%B4%A4%E0%B4%BE%E0%B4%AF%E0%B5%8D_%E0%B4%B8%E0%B4%BE%E0%B4%AE%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%B0%E0%B4%BE%E0%B4%9C%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%AF%E0%B4%82" title="ചഗതായ് സാമ്രാജ്യം – Malayalam" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="ചഗതായ് സാമ്രാജ്യം" data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="Malayalam" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>മലയാളം</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kekhanan_Chagatai" title="Kekhanan Chagatai – Malay" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Kekhanan Chagatai" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="Malay" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mn badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="featured article badge"><a href="https://mn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A6%D0%B0%D0%B3%D0%B0%D0%B0%D0%B4%D0%B0%D0%B9%D0%BD_%D0%A3%D0%BB%D1%81" title="Цагаадайн Улс – Mongolian" lang="mn" hreflang="mn" data-title="Цагаадайн Улс" data-language-autonym="Монгол" data-language-local-name="Mongolian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Монгол</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kanaat_van_Chagatai" title="Kanaat van Chagatai – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Kanaat van Chagatai" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%83%81%E3%83%A3%E3%82%AC%E3%82%BF%E3%82%A4%E3%83%BB%E3%83%8F%E3%83%B3%E5%9B%BD" title="チャガタイ・ハン国 – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="チャガタイ・ハン国" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tsjagataikhanatet" title="Tsjagataikhanatet – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Tsjagataikhanatet" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chig%CA%BBatoy_ulusi" title="Chigʻatoy ulusi – Uzbek" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="Chigʻatoy ulusi" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="Uzbek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pa mw-list-item"><a href="https://pa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A8%96%E0%A8%BC%E0%A8%A8%E0%A8%BE%E0%A8%A8_%E0%A8%9A%E0%A8%97%E0%A8%A4%E0%A8%BE%E0%A8%88" title="ਖ਼ਨਾਨ ਚਗਤਾਈ – Punjabi" lang="pa" hreflang="pa" data-title="ਖ਼ਨਾਨ ਚਗਤਾਈ" data-language-autonym="ਪੰਜਾਬੀ" data-language-local-name="Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ਪੰਜਾਬੀ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pnb mw-list-item"><a href="https://pnb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AE%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%A7%D9%86_%DA%86%D8%BA%D8%AA%D8%A7%D8%A6%DB%8C" title="خانان چغتائی – Western Punjabi" lang="pnb" hreflang="pnb" data-title="خانان چغتائی" data-language-autonym="پنجابی" data-language-local-name="Western Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پنجابی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chanat_Czagatajski" title="Chanat Czagatajski – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Chanat Czagatajski" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Canato_de_Chagatai" title="Canato de Chagatai – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Canato de Chagatai" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-crh mw-list-item"><a href="https://crh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%87a%C4%9Fatay_Hanl%C4%B1%C4%9F%C4%B1" title="Çağatay Hanlığı – Crimean Tatar" lang="crh" hreflang="crh" data-title="Çağatay Hanlığı" data-language-autonym="Qırımtatarca" data-language-local-name="Crimean Tatar" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Qırımtatarca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A7%D0%B0%D0%B3%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%B9%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%B9_%D1%83%D0%BB%D1%83%D1%81" title="Чагатайский улус – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Чагатайский улус" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chagatai_Khanate" title="Chagatai Khanate – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Chagatai Khanate" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C4%8Cagatajsk%C3%BD_chan%C3%A1t" title="Čagatajský chanát – Slovak" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Čagatajský chanát" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="Slovak" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="featured article badge"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C4%8Cagatajski_kanat" title="Čagatajski kanat – Slovenian" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Čagatajski kanat" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="Slovenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C4%8Cagatajski_kanat" title="Čagatajski kanat – Serbo-Croatian" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Čagatajski kanat" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="Serbo-Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/T%C5%A1agatain_kaanikunta" title="Tšagatain kaanikunta – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Tšagatain kaanikunta" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tjagataikhanatet" title="Tjagataikhanatet – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Tjagataikhanatet" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%9A%E0%AE%95%E0%AE%A4%E0%AE%BE%E0%AE%AF%E0%AE%BF_%E0%AE%95%E0%AE%BE%E0%AE%A9%E0%AE%B0%E0%AE%9A%E0%AF%81" title="சகதாயி கானரசு – Tamil" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="சகதாயி கானரசு" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="Tamil" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>தமிழ்</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tt mw-list-item"><a href="https://tt.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%87a%C4%9Fatay_ol%C4%B1s%C4%B1" title="Çağatay olısı – Tatar" lang="tt" hreflang="tt" data-title="Çağatay olısı" data-language-autonym="Татарча / tatarça" data-language-local-name="Tatar" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Татарча / tatarça</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%88%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%A7%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%94%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%82%E0%B9%88%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%8A%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%97%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A2" title="จักรวรรดิข่านชากาทาย – Thai" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="จักรวรรดิข่านชากาทาย" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="Thai" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tg mw-list-item"><a href="https://tg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A3%D0%BB%D1%83%D1%81%D0%B8_%D0%A7%D0%B0%D2%93%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%B9" title="Улуси Чағатой – Tajik" lang="tg" hreflang="tg" data-title="Улуси Чағатой" data-language-autonym="Тоҷикӣ" data-language-local-name="Tajik" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Тоҷикӣ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%87a%C4%9Fatay_Hanl%C4%B1%C4%9F%C4%B1" title="Çağatay Hanlığı – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Çağatay Hanlığı" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A7%D0%B0%D0%B3%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%B9%D1%81%D1%8C%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%B9_%D1%83%D0%BB%D1%83%D1%81" title="Чагатайський улус – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Чагатайський улус" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AE%D8%A7%D9%86%DB%8C%D8%AA_%DA%86%D8%BA%D8%AA%D8%A7%D8%A6%DB%8C" title="خانیت چغتائی – Urdu" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="خانیت چغتائی" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="Urdu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>اردو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ug mw-list-item"><a href="https://ug.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%86%D8%A7%D8%BA%D8%A7%D8%AA%D8%A7%D9%8A_%D8%AE%D8%A7%D9%86%D9%84%D9%89%D9%82%D9%89" title="چاغاتاي خانلىقى – Uyghur" lang="ug" hreflang="ug" data-title="چاغاتاي خانلىقى" data-language-autonym="ئۇيغۇرچە / Uyghurche" data-language-local-name="Uyghur" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ئۇيغۇرچە / Uyghurche</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/H%C3%A3n_qu%E1%BB%91c_S%C3%A1t_H%E1%BB%A3p_%C4%90%C3%A0i" title="Hãn quốc Sát Hợp Đài – Vietnamese" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Hãn quốc Sát Hợp Đài" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="Vietnamese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%AF%9F%E5%90%88%E5%8F%B0%E6%B1%97%E5%9B%BD" title="察合台汗国 – Wu" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="察合台汗国" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="Wu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>吴语</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%AF%9F%E5%90%88%E5%8F%B0%E6%B1%97%E5%9C%8B" title="察合台汗國 – Cantonese" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="察合台汗國" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="Cantonese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>粵語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%AF%9F%E5%90%88%E5%8F%B0%E6%B1%97%E5%9C%8B" title="察合台汗國 – Chinese" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="察合台汗國" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q487829#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Edit 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dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">1226–1347 Turkicized Mongol khanate in Central Asia</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1043282317">.mw-parser-output .ib-country{border-collapse:collapse;line-height:1.2em}.mw-parser-output .ib-country td,.mw-parser-output .ib-country th{border-top:1px solid #a2a9b1;padding:0.4em 0.6em 0.4em 0.6em}.mw-parser-output .ib-country .mergedtoprow .infobox-header,.mw-parser-output .ib-country .mergedtoprow .infobox-label,.mw-parser-output .ib-country .mergedtoprow .infobox-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-country .mergedtoprow .infobox-full-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-country .mergedtoprow .infobox-below{border-top:1px solid #a2a9b1;padding:0.4em 0.6em 0.2em 0.6em}.mw-parser-output .ib-country .mergedrow .infobox-label,.mw-parser-output .ib-country .mergedrow .infobox-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-country .mergedrow .infobox-full-data{border:0;padding:0 0.6em 0.2em 0.6em}.mw-parser-output .ib-country .mergedbottomrow .infobox-label,.mw-parser-output .ib-country .mergedbottomrow .infobox-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-country .mergedbottomrow .infobox-full-data{border-top:0;border-bottom:1px solid #a2a9b1;padding:0 0.6em 0.4em 0.6em}.mw-parser-output .ib-country .infobox-header{text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .ib-country .infobox-above{font-size:125%;line-height:1.2}.mw-parser-output .ib-country-names{padding-top:0.25em;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .ib-country-name-style{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .ib-country .infobox-image{padding:0.5em 0}.mw-parser-output .ib-country-anthem{border-top:1px solid #a2a9b1;padding-top:0.5em;margin-top:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .ib-country-map-caption{position:relative;top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .ib-country-largest,.mw-parser-output .ib-country-lang{font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .ib-country-ethnic,.mw-parser-output .ib-country-religion,.mw-parser-output .ib-country-sovereignty{font-weight:normal;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .ib-country-fake-li{text-indent:-0.9em;margin-left:1.2em;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .ib-country-fake-li2{text-indent:0.5em;margin-left:1em;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .ib-country-website{line-height:11pt}.mw-parser-output .ib-country-map-caption3{position:relative;top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .ib-country-fn{text-align:left;margin:0 auto}.mw-parser-output .ib-country-fn-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha;margin-left:1em}.mw-parser-output .ib-country-fn-num{margin-left:1em}</style><table class="infobox ib-country vcard"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above adr"><div class="fn org country-name">Chagatai Khanate</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-subheader"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1126788409">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style><div class="plainlist"> <ul><li>1227–1347 <span style="font-size:85%;">(whole)</span></li> <li>1347–1402 <span style="font-size:85%;">(<a href="/wiki/Western_Chagatai_Khanate" class="mw-redirect" title="Western Chagatai Khanate">western</a>)</span></li> <li>1347–1462 <span style="font-size:85%;">(<a href="/wiki/Moghulistan" title="Moghulistan">eastern</a>)</span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Map_of_the_Chagatai_Khanate_circa_1300_CE.png" class="mw-file-description" title="The Chagatai Khanate, with contemporary polities circa 1300, before the expansion of the Timurid Empire into Transoxiana from 1363.[1]"><img alt="The Chagatai Khanate, with contemporary polities circa 1300, before the expansion of the Timurid Empire into Transoxiana from 1363.[1]" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7c/Map_of_the_Chagatai_Khanate_circa_1300_CE.png/300px-Map_of_the_Chagatai_Khanate_circa_1300_CE.png" decoding="async" width="300" height="172" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7c/Map_of_the_Chagatai_Khanate_circa_1300_CE.png/450px-Map_of_the_Chagatai_Khanate_circa_1300_CE.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7c/Map_of_the_Chagatai_Khanate_circa_1300_CE.png/600px-Map_of_the_Chagatai_Khanate_circa_1300_CE.png 2x" data-file-width="3196" data-file-height="1837" /></a></span><div class="ib-country-map-caption"><div class="center" style="width:auto; margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto;">The Chagatai Khanate, with contemporary polities circa 1300, before the expansion of the <a href="/wiki/Timurid_Empire" title="Timurid Empire">Timurid Empire</a> into <a href="/wiki/Transoxiana" title="Transoxiana">Transoxiana</a> from 1363.<sup id="cite_ref-New_York_:_McGraw-Hill_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-New_York_:_McGraw-Hill-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Chagatai_Khanate_map_en.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="The Chagatai Khanate and its neighbors in the late 13th century"><img alt="The Chagatai Khanate and its neighbors in the late 13th century" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b7/Chagatai_Khanate_map_en.svg/300px-Chagatai_Khanate_map_en.svg.png" decoding="async" width="300" height="239" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b7/Chagatai_Khanate_map_en.svg/450px-Chagatai_Khanate_map_en.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b7/Chagatai_Khanate_map_en.svg/600px-Chagatai_Khanate_map_en.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="811" data-file-height="646" /></a></span><div class="ib-country-map-caption">The Chagatai Khanate and its neighbors in the late 13th century</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Status</th><td class="infobox-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"><div class="plainlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Administrative_region" class="mw-redirect" title="Administrative region">Administrative region</a> of <a href="/wiki/Mongol_Empire" title="Mongol Empire">Mongol Empire</a> (1227–1266)</li> <li>Independent <a href="/wiki/Khanate" title="Khanate">Khanate</a> (1266–1347)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Capital</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Almaliq,_Xinjiang" title="Almaliq, Xinjiang">Almaliq</a>, <a href="/wiki/Qarshi" title="Qarshi">Qarshi</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Common languages</th><td class="infobox-data"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Persian_language" title="Persian language">Persian</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(<a href="/wiki/Lingua_franca" title="Lingua franca">lingua franca</a>, administration, bureaucracy and literature)<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chagatai_Turkic" class="mw-redirect" title="Chagatai Turkic">Chagatai Turkic</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(dynastic, literary, spoken),<sup id="cite_ref-Gulácsi2015_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Gulácsi2015-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Kim2013_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Kim2013-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Middle_Mongol" title="Middle Mongol">Middle Mongol</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(dynastic),<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arabic_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Arabic language">Arabic</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(religion and jurisprudence)<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBlack199133_6-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBlack199133-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></span></li></ul> </td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Religion <div class="ib-country-religion"></div></th><td class="infobox-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"><div class="plainlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Tengrism" title="Tengrism">Tengrism</a>, <a href="/wiki/Buddhism" title="Buddhism">Buddhism</a>, <a href="/wiki/Islam" title="Islam">Islam</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Government</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Elective_monarchy" title="Elective monarchy">Semi-elective monarchy</a>, later <a href="/wiki/Hereditary_monarchy" title="Hereditary monarchy">hereditary monarchy</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Chagatai_khans" class="mw-redirect" title="Chagatai khans">Khan</a></th><td class="infobox-data"> </td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="text-indent:-0.9em;margin-left:1.2em;font-weight:normal;">• 1225–1242 </div></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Chagatai_Khan" title="Chagatai Khan">Chagatai Khan</a></td></tr><tr style="display:none"><td colspan="2"> </td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Legislature</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Kurultai" title="Kurultai">Kurultai</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Historical era</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Late_Middle_Ages" title="Late Middle Ages">Late Middle Ages</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="text-indent:-0.9em;margin-left:1.2em;font-weight:normal;">• <a href="/wiki/Chagatai_Khan" title="Chagatai Khan">Chagatai Khan</a> inherited part of <a href="/wiki/Mongol_Empire" title="Mongol Empire">Mongol Empire</a> </div></th><td class="infobox-data">1227<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEGrousset1970328_7-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEGrousset1970328-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="text-indent:-0.9em;margin-left:1.2em;font-weight:normal;">• Death of Chagatai </div></th><td class="infobox-data">1242</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="text-indent:-0.9em;margin-left:1.2em;font-weight:normal;">• Chagatai Khanate split between west and east (<a href="/wiki/Moghulistan" title="Moghulistan">Moghulistan</a>) </div></th><td class="infobox-data">1340s</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="text-indent:-0.9em;margin-left:1.2em;font-weight:normal;">• Western portion annexed by <a href="/wiki/Timurid_Empire" title="Timurid Empire">Timurid Empire</a> </div></th><td class="infobox-data">1363</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="text-indent:-0.9em;margin-left:1.2em;font-weight:normal;">• Moghulistan split into the <a href="/wiki/Yarkent_Khanate" title="Yarkent Khanate">Yarkent Khanate</a> in the west and the <a href="/wiki/Turpan_Khanate" title="Turpan Khanate">Turpan Khanate</a> in the east </div></th><td class="infobox-data">1487</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="text-indent:-0.9em;margin-left:1.2em;font-weight:normal;">• Turpan Khanate disappeared </div></th><td class="infobox-data">1660s</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="text-indent:-0.9em;margin-left:1.2em;font-weight:normal;">• Yarkent Khanate conquered by <a href="/wiki/Dzungar_Khanate" title="Dzungar Khanate">Dzungar Khanate</a> </div></th><td class="infobox-data">1705</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="text-indent:-0.9em;margin-left:1.2em;font-weight:normal;">• Disestablished </div></th><td class="infobox-data">1347</td></tr><tr style="display:none"><td colspan="2"> </td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header">Area</th></tr><tr class="mergedbottomrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">1310 or 1350 est.<sup id="cite_ref-Turchin222_8-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Turchin222-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Taagepera499_9-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Taagepera499-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></th><td class="infobox-data">3,500,000 km<sup>2</sup> (1,400,000 sq mi)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Currency</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Coin" title="Coin">Coins</a> (<a href="/wiki/Dirham" title="Dirham">dirhams</a>, <a href="/wiki/Kebek" title="Kebek">Kebek</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Pul_(coin)" class="mw-redirect" title="Pul (coin)">pūl</a>)</td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"> <table style="width:95%; text-align:center; margin:0 auto; display:inline-table;"> <tbody><tr> <td style="text-align:center; border:0; padding-bottom:0"><div id="before-after"></div> <b>Preceded by</b></td> <td style="text-align:center;border:0; padding-bottom:0;"><b>Succeeded by</b> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="vertical-align:top; text-align:center; border:0;"> <table style="width:100%; text-align:center; margin:0 auto; border:0;"> <tbody><tr> <td style="border:0; padding:0; vertical-align:middle;"><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/d/d2/Blank.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="15" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="3" data-file-height="2" /></span></span> </td> <td style="border:0; padding:0; vertical-align:middle; text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Mongol_Empire" title="Mongol Empire">Mongol Empire</a> </td></tr> </tbody></table> </td> <td style="vertical-align:top; text-align:center;border:0;"> <table style="width:92%; text-align:center; margin:0 auto; border:0;"> <tbody><tr> <td style="border:0; padding:0; vertical-align:middle; text-align:right;"><a href="/wiki/Moghulistan" title="Moghulistan">Moghulistan</a> </td> <td style="border:0; padding:0; vertical-align:middle;"><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/d/d2/Blank.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="15" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="3" data-file-height="2" /></span></span> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="border:0; padding:0; vertical-align:middle; text-align:right;"><a href="/wiki/Western_Chagatai_Khanate" class="mw-redirect" title="Western Chagatai Khanate">Western Chagatai Khanate</a> </td> <td style="border:0; padding:0; vertical-align:middle;"><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/d/d2/Blank.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="15" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="3" data-file-height="2" /></span></span> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="border:0; padding:0; vertical-align:middle; text-align:right;"><a href="/wiki/Timurid_Empire" title="Timurid Empire">Timurid Empire</a> </td> <td style="border:0; padding:0; vertical-align:middle;"><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/d/d2/Blank.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="15" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="3" data-file-height="2" /></span></span> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="border:0; padding:0; vertical-align:middle; text-align:right;"><a href="/wiki/Yarkent_Khanate" title="Yarkent Khanate">Yarkent Khanate</a> </td> <td style="border:0; padding:0; vertical-align:middle;"><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/d/d2/Blank.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="15" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="3" data-file-height="2" /></span></span> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="border:0; padding:0; vertical-align:middle; text-align:right;"><a href="/wiki/Dzungar_Khanate" title="Dzungar Khanate">Dzungar Khanate</a> </td> <td style="border:0; padding:0; vertical-align:middle;"><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/d/d2/Blank.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="15" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="3" data-file-height="2" /></span></span> </td></tr> </tbody></table> </td></tr></tbody></table></td></tr></tbody></table> <p>The <b>Chagatai Khanate</b>, also known as the <b>Chagatai Ulus</b>,<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> was a <a href="/wiki/Mongol" class="mw-redirect" title="Mongol">Mongol</a> and later <a href="/wiki/Turkification" title="Turkification">Turkicized</a> <a href="/wiki/Khanate" title="Khanate">khanate</a><sup id="cite_ref-BlackDupree2016_11-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-BlackDupree2016-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-UpshurTerry2011_12-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-UpshurTerry2011-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> that comprised the lands ruled by <a href="/wiki/Chagatai_Khan" title="Chagatai Khan">Chagatai Khan</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> second son of <a href="/wiki/Genghis_Khan" title="Genghis Khan">Genghis Khan</a>, and his descendants and successors. At its height in the late 13th century the khanate extended from the <a href="/wiki/Amu_Darya" title="Amu Darya">Amu Darya</a> south of the <a href="/wiki/Aral_Sea" title="Aral Sea">Aral Sea</a> to the <a href="/wiki/Altai_Mountains" title="Altai Mountains">Altai Mountains</a> in the border of modern-day <a href="/wiki/Mongolia" title="Mongolia">Mongolia</a> and <a href="/wiki/China" title="China">China</a>, roughly corresponding to the area once ruled by the <a href="/wiki/Qara_Khitai" title="Qara Khitai">Qara Khitai</a> (Western Liao dynasty).<sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Initially, the rulers of the Chagatai Khanate recognized the supremacy of the <a href="/wiki/Great_Khan" class="mw-redirect" title="Great Khan">Great Khan</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> but by the reign of <a href="/wiki/Kublai_Khan" title="Kublai Khan">Kublai Khan</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ghiyas-ud-din_Baraq" title="Ghiyas-ud-din Baraq">Ghiyas-ud-din Baraq</a> no longer obeyed the emperor's orders. From 1363, the Chagatais progressively lost <a href="/wiki/Transoxiana" title="Transoxiana">Transoxiana</a> to the <a href="/wiki/Timurids" class="mw-redirect" title="Timurids">Timurids</a>. The reduced realm came to be known as <a href="/wiki/Moghulistan" title="Moghulistan">Moghulistan</a>, which lasted until the late 15th century, when it broke off into the <a href="/wiki/Yarkent_Khanate" title="Yarkent Khanate">Yarkent Khanate</a> and <a href="/wiki/Turpan_Khanate" title="Turpan Khanate">Turpan Khanate</a>. In 1680, the remaining Chagatai domains lost their independence to the <a href="/wiki/Dzungar_Khanate" title="Dzungar Khanate">Dzungar Khanate</a>. Finally, the <a href="/wiki/Kumul_Khanate" title="Kumul Khanate">Kumul Khanate</a>, an autonomous division of China established during the <a href="/wiki/Qing_dynasty" title="Qing dynasty">Qing dynasty</a> in 1696 and governed by descendants of Chagatai Khan, was abolished during the <a href="/wiki/Republic_of_China_(1912%E2%80%931949)" title="Republic of China (1912–1949)">Republic of China</a> in 1930, ending the dynasty. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Name">Name</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Chagatai_Khanate&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Name"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The Chagatai Khanate was also known as the <b>Dumdadu Mongγol Ulus</b> (the Middle Mongolian Empire).<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMatsui2009111_16-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMatsui2009111-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> For example, <a href="/wiki/Giovanni_de%27_Marignolli" title="Giovanni de' Marignolli">Giovanni de' Marignolli</a>, who visited Yuan dynasty in the <a href="/wiki/1340s" title="1340s">1340s</a>, referred to Almaliq (the capital of the Chagatai Khanate) as "Almalek of the Middle Empire (Imperium Medium)". In addition, the <a href="/wiki/Catalan_Atlas" title="Catalan Atlas">Catalan Atlas</a> of 1375 refers to the area corresponding to Chagatai Khanate as "Imperium Medorum", a possible alternate name of "Imperium Medium".<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMatsui2009114–115_17-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMatsui2009114–115-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In addition to the Latin sources mentioned above, <a href="/wiki/Ibn_Battuta" title="Ibn Battuta">Ibn Battuta</a> records in Arabic that "His country [is in] the middle between the four of the powerful kings on the earth, i.e., King of China, King of India, King of Iraq and King Özbeg". This description suggests that the Chagatai Khanate was called the "Middle Empire" because it was located exactly in the middle of Eurasia.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMatsui2009115_18-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMatsui2009115-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Matsui Dai introduced the expression "[missing] -dadu mongγo[l] u(l)us" in a <a href="/wiki/Old_Uyghur_alphabet" title="Old Uyghur alphabet">Uighur script</a> document excavated from <a href="/wiki/Turfan" class="mw-redirect" title="Turfan">Turfan</a>, and based on the example of "Middle Empire (Imperium Medium)," argued that this should be read as "Dumdadu Mongγol Ulus". Matsui proposed that "it seems probable that Dua or his descendants took the brand-new official state name Dumdadu Mongol Ulus in order to affirm that their polity was renewed, as did the emperor Qubilai, who in 1271 adopted the official state name Dai Ön Yeke Mongol Ulus.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMatsui2009116_19-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMatsui2009116-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="History">History</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Chagatai_Khanate&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: History"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_the_Chagatai_Khanate" title="Timeline of the Chagatai Khanate">Timeline of the Chagatai Khanate</a></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Vassal_of_the_Great_Khan_(1227–1266)"><span id="Vassal_of_the_Great_Khan_.281227.E2.80.931266.29"></span>Vassal of the Great Khan (1227–1266)</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Chagatai_Khanate&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Vassal of the Great Khan (1227–1266)"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>When <a href="/wiki/Genghis_Khan" title="Genghis Khan">Genghis Khan</a> died in 1227, his son <a href="/wiki/Chagatai_Khan" title="Chagatai Khan">Chagatai Khan</a> inherited the regions roughly corresponding to the defunct <a href="/wiki/Qara_Khitai" title="Qara Khitai">Qara Khitai</a> Empire: <a href="/wiki/Issyk-Kul" title="Issyk-Kul">Issyk-Kul</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ili_River" title="Ili River">Ili River</a>, <a href="/wiki/Chu_River" class="mw-redirect" title="Chu River">Chu River</a>, <a href="/wiki/Talas_River" title="Talas River">Talas River</a>, <a href="/wiki/Transoxania" class="mw-redirect" title="Transoxania">Transoxania</a>, and the <a href="/wiki/Tarim_Basin" title="Tarim Basin">Tarim Basin</a>. Chagatai was not fully independent in his khanate however and still received orders from <a href="/wiki/Karakorum" title="Karakorum">Karakorum</a>. When he dismissed the governor of Transoxania, <a href="/wiki/Mahmud_Yalavach" title="Mahmud Yalavach">Mahmud Yalavach</a>, <a href="/wiki/%C3%96gedei_Khan" title="Ögedei Khan">Ögedei Khan</a> reinstated Mahmud, whose dynasty continued to administer the region even after the death of Chagatai. In 1238 there was a Muslim uprising in <a href="/wiki/Bukhara" title="Bukhara">Bukhara</a>, but Mahmud's son Mas'ud crushed it the next year before Mongol troops were able to arrive, thereby saving the populace from Mongol vengeance.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEGrousset1970328_7-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEGrousset1970328-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Chagatay_Khan_and_His_Consort,_J%C4%81mi%CA%BF_al-tav%C4%81r%C4%ABkh_of_Rashid_al-Din,_Iran,_late_14th_century.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3e/Chagatay_Khan_and_His_Consort%2C_J%C4%81mi%CA%BF_al-tav%C4%81r%C4%ABkh_of_Rashid_al-Din%2C_Iran%2C_late_14th_century.jpg/220px-Chagatay_Khan_and_His_Consort%2C_J%C4%81mi%CA%BF_al-tav%C4%81r%C4%ABkh_of_Rashid_al-Din%2C_Iran%2C_late_14th_century.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="298" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3e/Chagatay_Khan_and_His_Consort%2C_J%C4%81mi%CA%BF_al-tav%C4%81r%C4%ABkh_of_Rashid_al-Din%2C_Iran%2C_late_14th_century.jpg/330px-Chagatay_Khan_and_His_Consort%2C_J%C4%81mi%CA%BF_al-tav%C4%81r%C4%ABkh_of_Rashid_al-Din%2C_Iran%2C_late_14th_century.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3e/Chagatay_Khan_and_His_Consort%2C_J%C4%81mi%CA%BF_al-tav%C4%81r%C4%ABkh_of_Rashid_al-Din%2C_Iran%2C_late_14th_century.jpg/440px-Chagatay_Khan_and_His_Consort%2C_J%C4%81mi%CA%BF_al-tav%C4%81r%C4%ABkh_of_Rashid_al-Din%2C_Iran%2C_late_14th_century.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1340" data-file-height="1816" /></a><figcaption>The Chagatay Khan and His Consort, <i><a href="/wiki/J%C4%81mi%CA%BF_al-tav%C4%81r%C4%ABkh" class="mw-redirect" title="Jāmiʿ al-tavārīkh">Jāmiʿ al-tavārīkh</a></i> of <a href="/wiki/Rashid_al-Din_Hamadani" title="Rashid al-Din Hamadani">Rashid al-Din</a>, Iran, late 14th century.<sup id="cite_ref-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></figcaption></figure> <p>Chagatai Khan died in 1242 and was succeeded by his grandson <a href="/wiki/Qara_H%C3%BCleg%C3%BC" title="Qara Hülegü">Qara Hülegü</a>. He was too young to rule independently so the widowed khatun <a href="/wiki/Ebuskun" title="Ebuskun">Ebuskun</a> ruled as regent in his place. In 1246, <a href="/wiki/G%C3%BCy%C3%BCk_Khan" title="Güyük Khan">Güyük Khan</a> replaced him with one of his uncles, <a href="/wiki/Yes%C3%BC_M%C3%B6ngke" title="Yesü Möngke">Yesü Möngke</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEGrousset1970329_21-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEGrousset1970329-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Yesü Möngke came to power because he was a personal friend of Güyük Khan. He was a drunkard who left the affairs of the state to his wife and minister Beha ad-Din Marghinani. In 1252 he was deposed by <a href="/wiki/M%C3%B6ngke_Khan" title="Möngke Khan">Möngke Khan</a>, who installed Qara Hülegü again.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEGrousset1970329_21-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEGrousset1970329-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Qara Hülegü died on his way home and was succeeded by his son <a href="/wiki/Mubarak_Shah_(Chagatai_Khan)" title="Mubarak Shah (Chagatai Khan)">Mubarak Shah</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEGrousset1970329_21-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEGrousset1970329-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Mubarak Shah was too young to rule and state affairs were managed by his mother <a href="/wiki/Orghana" title="Orghana">Orghana</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEGrousset1970329_21-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEGrousset1970329-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 1260, <a href="/wiki/Ariq_B%C3%B6ke" title="Ariq Böke">Ariq Böke</a> replaced Mubarak Shah with <a href="/wiki/Alghu" title="Alghu">Alghu</a>, a grandson of <a href="/wiki/Chagatai_Khan" title="Chagatai Khan">Chagatai Khan</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEGrousset1970331_22-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEGrousset1970331-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Alghu rebelled against <a href="/wiki/Ariq_B%C3%B6ke" title="Ariq Böke">Ariq Böke</a> upon securing power and defected to <a href="/wiki/Kublai_Khan" title="Kublai Khan">Kublai Khan</a>'s side in the <a href="/wiki/Toluid_Civil_War" title="Toluid Civil War">Toluid Civil War</a>. Ariq Böke attacked him and while Alghu experienced initial success in fending off Ariq Böke's army, was forced to flee to <a href="/wiki/Samarkand" title="Samarkand">Samarkand</a> in 1263. Ariq Böke devastated the <a href="/wiki/Ili_River" title="Ili River">Ili</a> region in his absence. Alghu was able to recruit a new army with the aid of Orghana and Mas'ud Yalavach. He then went on to defeat an invasion by <a href="/wiki/Kaidu" title="Kaidu">Kaidu</a> and drive out Ariq Böke, who surrendered to Kublai in 1264. Alghu died in 1265 and Orghana placed her son, Mubarak Shah, on the throne once again.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEGrousset1970332_23-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEGrousset1970332-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Mubarak Shah was the first Chagatai khan to be converted to Islam. His rule was cut short by his cousin <a href="/wiki/Ghiyas-ud-din_Baraq" title="Ghiyas-ud-din Baraq">Ghiyas-ud-din Baraq</a>, who deposed him with the support of Kublai Khan.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEGrousset1970332_23-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEGrousset1970332-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Reign_of_Kaidu_(1266–1301)"><span id="Reign_of_Kaidu_.281266.E2.80.931301.29"></span>Reign of Kaidu (1266–1301)</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Chagatai_Khanate&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Reign of Kaidu (1266–1301)"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><a href="/wiki/Ghiyas-ud-din_Baraq" title="Ghiyas-ud-din Baraq">Ghiyas-ud-din Baraq</a> came into conflict with <a href="/wiki/Kublai_Khan" title="Kublai Khan">Kublai Khan</a> on the administration of the <a href="/wiki/Tarim_Basin" title="Tarim Basin">Tarim Basin</a>. Baraq drove out an agent sent by Kublai to govern the region and when Kublai sent a detachment of 6,000 horsemen, Baraq met them with 30,000 men, forcing them to retreat. Baraq also came into conflict with <a href="/wiki/Kaidu" title="Kaidu">Kaidu</a>, who enlisted the <a href="/wiki/Golden_Horde" title="Golden Horde">Golden Horde</a> khan <a href="/wiki/Mengu-Timur" title="Mengu-Timur">Mengu-Timur</a> in attacking Baraq. With a Golden Horde army of 50,000 at his back, Kaidu forced Baraq to flee to <a href="/wiki/Transoxania" class="mw-redirect" title="Transoxania">Transoxania</a>. In 1267, Baraq accepted peace with Kaidu, and relinquished the territory east of Transoxania. Kaidu then coerced Baraq into invading the <a href="/wiki/Ilkhanate" title="Ilkhanate">Ilkhanate</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEGrousset1970334_24-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEGrousset1970334-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Baraq attacked first, defeating Prince Buchin, the governor of <a href="/wiki/Greater_Khorasan" title="Greater Khorasan">Khorasan</a>, and brother of <a href="/wiki/Abaqa_Khan" title="Abaqa Khan">Abaqa Khan</a>. Abaqa rushed from <a href="/wiki/Azerbaijan" title="Azerbaijan">Azerbaijan</a> and defeated Baraq near <a href="/wiki/Herat" title="Herat">Herat</a> on 22 July 1270, forcing him to retreat. On the way back he fell from his horse and was crippled so he spent the winter in Bukhara where he died not long after. He converted to Islam before his death.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBiran199730–32_25-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBiran199730–32-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Chaghatayid_Khans._temp._Qaidu._Circa_AH_668-701_AD_1268-1301._Samarqand_mint._Dated_AH_685_(AD_1285).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ab/Chaghatayid_Khans._temp._Qaidu._Circa_AH_668-701_AD_1268-1301._Samarqand_mint._Dated_AH_685_%28AD_1285%29.jpg/220px-Chaghatayid_Khans._temp._Qaidu._Circa_AH_668-701_AD_1268-1301._Samarqand_mint._Dated_AH_685_%28AD_1285%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="106" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ab/Chaghatayid_Khans._temp._Qaidu._Circa_AH_668-701_AD_1268-1301._Samarqand_mint._Dated_AH_685_%28AD_1285%29.jpg/330px-Chaghatayid_Khans._temp._Qaidu._Circa_AH_668-701_AD_1268-1301._Samarqand_mint._Dated_AH_685_%28AD_1285%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ab/Chaghatayid_Khans._temp._Qaidu._Circa_AH_668-701_AD_1268-1301._Samarqand_mint._Dated_AH_685_%28AD_1285%29.jpg/440px-Chaghatayid_Khans._temp._Qaidu._Circa_AH_668-701_AD_1268-1301._Samarqand_mint._Dated_AH_685_%28AD_1285%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="800" data-file-height="386" /></a><figcaption>Coinage of the Chaghatai Khans at the time of Qaidu. <a href="/wiki/Samarqand" class="mw-redirect" title="Samarqand">Samarqand</a> mint. Dated AH 685 (AD 1285).</figcaption></figure> <p>Baraq's four sons and two sons of <a href="/wiki/Alghu" title="Alghu">Alghu</a> rebelled against Kaidu in the wake of Baraq's death, but they were continually defeated. Kaidu enthroned <a href="/wiki/Neg%C3%BCbei" title="Negübei">Negübei</a> as the khan in Transoxania. When Negübei rebelled, he was killed and replaced with another khan, <a href="/wiki/Buqa_Tem%C3%BCr" title="Buqa Temür">Buqa Temür</a> in 1274. It is uncertain when Buqa Temür died, but after that, Baraq's son <a href="/wiki/Duwa" title="Duwa">Duwa</a> was enthroned as khan. Meanwhile, Abaqa invaded Transoxania in 1272 and sacked Bukhara, carrying off 50,000 captives.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEGrousset1970335_26-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEGrousset1970335-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 1275, Duwa joined Kaidu in the <a href="/wiki/Kaidu%E2%80%93Kublai_war" title="Kaidu–Kublai war">war against the Yuan dynasty</a> but were repelled. In 1297, Duwa invaded the <a href="/wiki/Punjab" title="Punjab">Punjab</a> and devastated the region, but was defeated. Several invasions of the <a href="/wiki/Delhi_Sultanate" title="Delhi Sultanate">Delhi Sultanate</a> also occurred but none were able to make any headway.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEGrousset1970339_27-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEGrousset1970339-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In September 1298, Duwa captured <a href="/wiki/Tem%C3%BCr_Khan" title="Temür Khan">Temür Khan</a>'s son-in-law, Korguz, and put him to death, but immediately after that suffered a disastrous defeat by Yuan forces. In 1301 they were defeated again in an attack on <a href="/wiki/Karakorum" title="Karakorum">Karakorum</a> and Kaidu died during the retreat.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEGrousset1970336_28-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEGrousset1970336-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Foreign_wars_(1301–1325)"><span id="Foreign_wars_.281301.E2.80.931325.29"></span>Foreign wars (1301–1325)</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Chagatai_Khanate&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Foreign wars (1301–1325)"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="noresize thumb tright" style=";"> <div class="thumbinner" style="overflow:hidden;width:302px;"> <div class="thumbimage" style="overflow:hidden; position:relative; background-color:white;"> <div style=";left:0px; top:0px; width:300px; position:absolute;"> <span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:MongolEmpireDivisions1300.png" class="mw-file-description" title="The divisions of the Mongol Empire and main Asian polities, c. 1300[29]"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/82/MongolEmpireDivisions1300.png/300px-MongolEmpireDivisions1300.png" decoding="async" width="300" height="175" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/82/MongolEmpireDivisions1300.png/450px-MongolEmpireDivisions1300.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/82/MongolEmpireDivisions1300.png/600px-MongolEmpireDivisions1300.png 2x" data-file-width="1644" data-file-height="959" /></a></span></div> <div style="text-align:left; background-color:transparent; line-height:110%;"> <div id="annotation_270x05" style="position:absolute; left:270px; top:05px; font-size:10px; font-weight:bold; font-size:10; line-height:12px; text-align:center;"><span style="background-color:transparent; color:#000000;"><a href="/wiki/1300_CE" class="mw-redirect" title="1300 CE"><span class="mw-no-invert" style="color:#4F311CFF">1300</span></a></span></div> <div id="annotation_125x55" style="position:absolute; left:125px; top:55px; font-size:7px; font-weight:bold; font-size:7; line-height:9px; text-align:center;"><span style="background-color:transparent; color:#000000;"><a class="mw-selflink selflink"><span class="mw-no-invert" style="color:#4F311CFF">CHAGATAI<br />KHANATE</span></a></span></div> <div id="annotation_75x25" style="position:absolute; left:75px; top:25px; font-size:7px; font-weight:bold; font-size:7; line-height:9px; text-align:center;"><span style="background-color:transparent; color:#000000;"><a href="/wiki/Golden_Horde" title="Golden Horde"><span class="mw-no-invert" style="color:#4F311CFF">GOLDEN HORDE</span></a></span></div> <div id="annotation_200x40" style="position:absolute; left:200px; top:40px; font-size:7px; font-weight:bold; font-size:7; line-height:9px; text-align:center;"><span style="background-color:transparent; color:#000000;"><a href="/wiki/Yuan_dynasty" title="Yuan dynasty"><span class="mw-no-invert" style="color:#4F311CFF">EMPIRE<br />OF<br />THE GREAT<br />KHAN<br />(Yuan dynasty)</span></a></span></div> <div id="annotation_70x80" style="position:absolute; left:70px; top:80px; font-size:7px; font-weight:bold; font-size:7; line-height:9px; text-align:center;"><span style="background-color:transparent; color:#000000;"><a href="/wiki/Ilkhanate" title="Ilkhanate"><span class="mw-no-invert" style="color:#4F311CFF">ILKHANATE</span></a></span></div> <div id="annotation_145x103" style="position:absolute; left:145px; top:103px; font-size:7px; font-weight:bold; font-size:7; line-height:9px; text-align:center;"><span style="background-color:transparent; color:#000000;"><a href="/wiki/Khalji_dynasty" title="Khalji dynasty"><span class="mw-no-invert" style="color:#4F311CFF">DELHI<br />SULTANATE</span></a></span></div> <div id="annotation_150x130" style="position:absolute; left:150px; top:130px; font-size:7px; font-weight:bold; font-size:7; line-height:9px; text-align:center;"><span style="background-color:transparent; color:#000000;"><a href="/wiki/Seuna_(Yadava)_dynasty" title="Seuna (Yadava) dynasty"><span class="mw-no-invert" style="color:#4F311CFF">YADAVAS</span></a></span></div> <div id="annotation_210x135" style="position:absolute; left:210px; top:135px; font-size:6px; font-weight:bold; font-size:6; line-height:8px; text-align:center;"><span style="background-color:transparent; color:#000000;"><a href="/wiki/Myinsaing_Kingdom" title="Myinsaing Kingdom"><span class="mw-no-invert" style="color:#4F311CFF">MYIN-<br />SAING</span></a></span></div> <div id="annotation_235x150" style="position:absolute; left:235px; top:150px; font-size:6px; font-weight:bold; font-size:6; line-height:8px; text-align:center;"><span style="background-color:transparent; color:#000000;"><a href="/wiki/Khmer_Empire" title="Khmer Empire"><span class="mw-no-invert" style="color:#4F311CFF">KHMER</span></a></span></div> <div id="annotation_20x95" style="position:absolute; left:20px; top:95px; font-size:7px; font-weight:bold; font-size:7; line-height:9px; text-align:center;"><span style="background-color:transparent; color:#000000;"><a href="/wiki/Mamluk_Sultanate" title="Mamluk Sultanate"><span class="mw-no-invert" style="color:#4F311CFF">MAMLUK<br />SULTANATE</span></a></span></div> </div> <div style="visibility:hidden"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:MongolEmpireDivisions1300.png" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/82/MongolEmpireDivisions1300.png/300px-MongolEmpireDivisions1300.png" decoding="async" width="300" height="175" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/82/MongolEmpireDivisions1300.png/450px-MongolEmpireDivisions1300.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/82/MongolEmpireDivisions1300.png/600px-MongolEmpireDivisions1300.png 2x" data-file-width="1644" data-file-height="959" /></a></span></div> </div> <div class="thumbcaption"><div class="magnify"><a href="/wiki/File:MongolEmpireDivisions1300.png" title="File:MongolEmpireDivisions1300.png"> </a></div>The divisions of the <a href="/wiki/Mongol_Empire" title="Mongol Empire">Mongol Empire</a> and main Asian polities, c. 1300<sup id="cite_ref-29" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></div> </div></div> <p>After Kaidu's death in 1301, both <a href="/wiki/Duwa" title="Duwa">Duwa</a> and <a href="/wiki/Kaidu" title="Kaidu">Kaidu</a>'s son Chapar recognized Yuan authority in 1303. However Duwa threw off his allegiance to Chapar. Both the <a href="/wiki/Yuan_dynasty" title="Yuan dynasty">Yuan dynasty</a> and <a href="/wiki/Duwa" title="Duwa">Duwa</a> attacked Chapar, forcing him to surrender his territory to Duwa in 1306. Meanwhile, Prince Turghai invaded the <a href="/wiki/Delhi_Sultanate" title="Delhi Sultanate">Delhi Sultanate</a> in 1303 and looted the <a href="/wiki/Delhi" title="Delhi">Delhi</a> region. In 1304 they invaded again but suffered a crushing defeat. Duwa died soon after and was succeeded by his son <a href="/wiki/K%C3%B6nchek" title="Könchek">Könchek</a>, who ruled only for a year and a half before he died. One of <a href="/wiki/Buqa_Tem%C3%BCr" title="Buqa Temür">Buqa Temür</a>'s brothers, <a href="/wiki/Taliqu" title="Taliqu">Taliqu</a>, seized power, but Duwa's family rebelled and killed him at a banquet. Duwa's younger son <a href="/wiki/Kebek" title="Kebek">Kebek</a> became khan. Kebek invaded the Delhi Sutunate again in 1305, looting the <a href="/wiki/Multan" title="Multan">Multan</a> region, but suffered a defeat on the way back. Chapar took advantage of the political turmoil to attack Kebek but was defeated and fled to the Yuan dynasty. Another <a href="/wiki/Kuriltai" class="mw-redirect" title="Kuriltai">kuriltai</a> was held in the Chagatai Khanate, which elected another of Duwa's sons, <a href="/wiki/Esen_Buqa_I" title="Esen Buqa I">Esen Buqa I</a>, who took the throne ceded by Kebek. In 1315, Esen Buqa <a href="/wiki/Esen_Buqa%E2%80%93Ayurbarwada_war" title="Esen Buqa–Ayurbarwada war">invaded the Ilkhanate</a> in support of Duwa's grandson, Dawud Khoja, who had set himself up in eastern <a href="/wiki/Afghanistan" title="Afghanistan">Afghanistan</a>. He defeated an Ilkhanate army on the <a href="/wiki/Murghab_River" class="mw-redirect" title="Murghab River">Murgab</a> and reached as far as <a href="/wiki/Herat" title="Herat">Herat</a>, but was forced to retreat when the Yuan dynasty attacked him from the east. The Yuan army devastated the <a href="/wiki/Issyk-Kul" title="Issyk-Kul">Issyk-Kul</a> region. In 1315 the Chagatayid prince <a href="/wiki/Yasa%27ur" title="Yasa'ur">Yasa'ur</a> defected to the Ilkhanate, only to rebel, taking <a href="/wiki/Greater_Khorasan" title="Greater Khorasan">Khorasan</a>. Both Chagatai and Ilkhanate forces attacked Yasa'ur. He was killed as he fled. Esen Buqa I died in 1318, at which point Kebek returned to power. He made peace with the Ilkhanate and the Yuan dynasty and reigned until 1325.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEGrousset1970340_30-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEGrousset1970340-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Religious_conflict_(1325–1338)"><span id="Religious_conflict_.281325.E2.80.931338.29"></span>Religious conflict (1325–1338)</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Chagatai_Khanate&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Religious conflict (1325–1338)"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Ambrogio_Lorenzetti,_Martirio_di_cinque_frati_francescani,_1336-37_circa,_dalla_sala_capitolare_(detail).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/de/Ambrogio_Lorenzetti%2C_Martirio_di_cinque_frati_francescani%2C_1336-37_circa%2C_dalla_sala_capitolare_%28detail%29.jpg/220px-Ambrogio_Lorenzetti%2C_Martirio_di_cinque_frati_francescani%2C_1336-37_circa%2C_dalla_sala_capitolare_%28detail%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="223" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/de/Ambrogio_Lorenzetti%2C_Martirio_di_cinque_frati_francescani%2C_1336-37_circa%2C_dalla_sala_capitolare_%28detail%29.jpg/330px-Ambrogio_Lorenzetti%2C_Martirio_di_cinque_frati_francescani%2C_1336-37_circa%2C_dalla_sala_capitolare_%28detail%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/de/Ambrogio_Lorenzetti%2C_Martirio_di_cinque_frati_francescani%2C_1336-37_circa%2C_dalla_sala_capitolare_%28detail%29.jpg/440px-Ambrogio_Lorenzetti%2C_Martirio_di_cinque_frati_francescani%2C_1336-37_circa%2C_dalla_sala_capitolare_%28detail%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4160" data-file-height="4226" /></a><figcaption><i>The Martyrdom of the Franciscans</i>, painted in 1342 by <a href="/wiki/Ambrogio_Lorenzetti" title="Ambrogio Lorenzetti">Ambrogio Lorenzetti</a>, took place in <a href="/wiki/Almaliq,_Xinjiang" title="Almaliq, Xinjiang">Almaliq</a>, capital of the Chagatai Khanate, in 1339. The central ruler who ordered the killing was the Chagatai usurper <a href="/wiki/%27Ali-Sultan" title="'Ali-Sultan">'Ali-Sultan</a> (r.1339-1342).<sup id="cite_ref-RP_31-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-RP-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-32" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></figcaption></figure> <p><a href="/wiki/Kebek" title="Kebek">Kebek</a> was succeeded by his three brothers in succession. <a href="/wiki/Eljigidey" title="Eljigidey">Eljigidey</a> and <a href="/wiki/Duwa_Tem%C3%BCr" title="Duwa Temür">Duwa Temür</a> each reigned for only a few months. <a href="/wiki/Tarmashirin" title="Tarmashirin">Tarmashirin</a> (1326–1334) converted to <a href="/wiki/Islam" title="Islam">Islam</a> and raided the <a href="/wiki/Delhi_Sultanate" title="Delhi Sultanate">Delhi Sultanate</a>, reaching as far as <a href="/wiki/Delhi" title="Delhi">Delhi</a>. Tarmashirin was brought down by an anti-Muslim rebellion of the eastern tribes. A son of <a href="/wiki/Duwa" title="Duwa">Duwa</a>, <a href="/wiki/Changshi" title="Changshi">Changshi</a>, was enthroned in 1335. One of his sons was baptized. </p><p><a href="/wiki/Pope_Benedict_XII" title="Pope Benedict XII">Pope Benedict XII</a> appointed the <a href="/wiki/Franciscan" class="mw-redirect" title="Franciscan">Franciscan</a> bishop Richard of Burgundy to <a href="/wiki/Almaliq,_Xinjiang" title="Almaliq, Xinjiang">Almalik</a> in 1339. But during the reign of <a href="/wiki/%27Ali-Sultan" title="'Ali-Sultan">'Ali-Sultan</a>, Islam fully absorbed the Chagatai <a href="/wiki/Mongols" title="Mongols">Mongols</a> and 'Ali persecuted non-Muslim religions. He is the one who ordered the extermination of the Franciscan congregation at Almaliq, and the killing of six Franciscan monks in 1339 (including bishop Richard of Burgundy, Pascal of Spain, Raymond of Provence and three others),<sup id="cite_ref-33" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> as depicted in the 1342 painting <i>The Martyrdom of the Franciscans</i>, by <a href="/wiki/Ambrogio_Lorenzetti" title="Ambrogio Lorenzetti">Ambrogio Lorenzetti</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-RP_31-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-RP-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p><a href="/wiki/Giovanni_de%27_Marignolli" title="Giovanni de' Marignolli">Giovanni de' Marignolli</a>, a papal legate, arrived in the Ili valley the following year on his way to the <a href="/wiki/Yuan_dynasty" title="Yuan dynasty">Yuan dynasty</a>. He built a church and baptized some people during his stay, and the presence of <a href="/wiki/Christianity" title="Christianity">Christianity</a> lasted until the end of the Mongol era.<sup id="cite_ref-RP_31-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-RP-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEGrousset1970341–2_34-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEGrousset1970341–2-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <ul class="gallery mw-gallery-traditional" style="max-width: 972px;"> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 235px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 230px; height: 230px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:The_Martyrdom_of_the_Franciscans_(1342)_Ali_Sultan.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="'Ali-Sultan (r.1339-1342), in The Martyrdom of the Franciscans (1342).[35]"><img alt="'Ali-Sultan (r.1339-1342), in The Martyrdom of the Franciscans (1342).[35]" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/57/The_Martyrdom_of_the_Franciscans_%281342%29_Ali_Sultan.jpg/125px-The_Martyrdom_of_the_Franciscans_%281342%29_Ali_Sultan.jpg" decoding="async" width="125" height="200" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/57/The_Martyrdom_of_the_Franciscans_%281342%29_Ali_Sultan.jpg/187px-The_Martyrdom_of_the_Franciscans_%281342%29_Ali_Sultan.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/57/The_Martyrdom_of_the_Franciscans_%281342%29_Ali_Sultan.jpg/250px-The_Martyrdom_of_the_Franciscans_%281342%29_Ali_Sultan.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1329" data-file-height="2126" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/wiki/%27Ali-Sultan" title="'Ali-Sultan">'Ali-Sultan</a> (r.1339-1342), in <i>The Martyrdom of the Franciscans</i> (1342).<sup id="cite_ref-REM151_35-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-REM151-35"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>35<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 235px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 230px; height: 230px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:The_Martyrdom_of_the_Franciscans_(1342)_Mongol_officer.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Mongol officer in The Martyrdom of the Franciscans (1342).[35]"><img alt="Mongol officer in The Martyrdom of the Franciscans (1342).[35]" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ca/The_Martyrdom_of_the_Franciscans_%281342%29_Mongol_officer.jpg/100px-The_Martyrdom_of_the_Franciscans_%281342%29_Mongol_officer.jpg" decoding="async" width="100" height="200" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ca/The_Martyrdom_of_the_Franciscans_%281342%29_Mongol_officer.jpg/150px-The_Martyrdom_of_the_Franciscans_%281342%29_Mongol_officer.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ca/The_Martyrdom_of_the_Franciscans_%281342%29_Mongol_officer.jpg/200px-The_Martyrdom_of_the_Franciscans_%281342%29_Mongol_officer.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1065" data-file-height="2126" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Mongol officer in <i>The Martyrdom of the Franciscans</i> (1342).<sup id="cite_ref-REM151_35-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-REM151-35"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>35<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 235px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 230px; height: 230px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Alimali_Nestorian_steles,_Yuan_dynasty_(1206-1368).jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Almaliq Nestorian steles (1206-1368)"><img alt="Almaliq Nestorian steles (1206-1368)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9c/Alimali_Nestorian_steles%2C_Yuan_dynasty_%281206-1368%29.jpg/200px-Alimali_Nestorian_steles%2C_Yuan_dynasty_%281206-1368%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="200" height="113" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9c/Alimali_Nestorian_steles%2C_Yuan_dynasty_%281206-1368%29.jpg/300px-Alimali_Nestorian_steles%2C_Yuan_dynasty_%281206-1368%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9c/Alimali_Nestorian_steles%2C_Yuan_dynasty_%281206-1368%29.jpg/400px-Alimali_Nestorian_steles%2C_Yuan_dynasty_%281206-1368%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2370" data-file-height="1338" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/wiki/Almaliq,_Xinjiang" title="Almaliq, Xinjiang">Almaliq</a> <a href="/wiki/Nestorian" class="mw-redirect" title="Nestorian">Nestorian</a> steles (1206-1368)</div> </li> </ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Fragmentation_and_expansion_(1338–1363)"><span id="Fragmentation_and_expansion_.281338.E2.80.931363.29"></span>Fragmentation and expansion (1338–1363)</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Chagatai_Khanate&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Fragmentation and expansion (1338–1363)"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238443738">.mw-parser-output .locmap .od{position:absolute}.mw-parser-output .locmap .id{position:absolute;line-height:0}.mw-parser-output .locmap .l0{font-size:0;position:absolute}.mw-parser-output .locmap .pv{line-height:110%;position:absolute;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .locmap .pl{line-height:110%;position:absolute;top:-0.75em;text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .locmap .pr{line-height:110%;position:absolute;top:-0.75em;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .locmap .pv>div{display:inline;padding:1px}.mw-parser-output .locmap .pl>div{display:inline;padding:1px;float:right}.mw-parser-output .locmap .pr>div{display:inline;padding:1px;float:left}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .od,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .od .pv>div,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .od .pl>div,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .od .pr>div{background:#fff!important;color:#000!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .locmap{filter:grayscale(0.6)}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data .locmap div{background:transparent!important}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .locmap{filter:grayscale(0.6)}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .od,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .od .pv>div,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .od .pl>div,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .od .pr>div{background:white!important;color:#000!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data .locmap div{background:transparent!important}}</style><div class="locmap noviewer noresize thumb tright"><div class="thumbinner" style="width:302px"><div style="position:relative;width:300px;border:1px solid lightgray"><span class="notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Map_Asia_physical_(continental).png" class="mw-file-description" title="Chagatai Khanate is located in Continental Asia"><img alt="Chagatai Khanate is located in Continental Asia" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9b/Map_Asia_physical_%28continental%29.png/300px-Map_Asia_physical_%28continental%29.png" decoding="async" width="300" height="173" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9b/Map_Asia_physical_%28continental%29.png/450px-Map_Asia_physical_%28continental%29.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9b/Map_Asia_physical_%28continental%29.png/600px-Map_Asia_physical_%28continental%29.png 2x" data-file-width="3196" data-file-height="1840" /></a></span><div style="position:absolute;top:0;left:0"><span class="notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Map_of_the_Chagatai_Khanate_circa_1300_CE.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7c/Map_of_the_Chagatai_Khanate_circa_1300_CE.png/300px-Map_of_the_Chagatai_Khanate_circa_1300_CE.png" decoding="async" width="300" height="172" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7c/Map_of_the_Chagatai_Khanate_circa_1300_CE.png/450px-Map_of_the_Chagatai_Khanate_circa_1300_CE.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7c/Map_of_the_Chagatai_Khanate_circa_1300_CE.png/600px-Map_of_the_Chagatai_Khanate_circa_1300_CE.png 2x" data-file-width="3196" data-file-height="1837" /></a></span></div><div id="annotation_270x05" style="position:absolute; left:270px; top:05px; font-size:10px; font-weight:bold; font-size:10; line-height:12px; text-align:center;"><span style="background-color:transparent; color:#000000;"><a href="/wiki/1300_CE" class="mw-redirect" title="1300 CE"><span class="mw-no-invert" style="color:#4F311CFF">1300</span></a></span></div><div id="annotation_105x65" style="position:absolute; left:105px; top:65px; font-size:7px; font-weight:bold; font-size:7; line-height:9px; text-align:center;"><span style="background-color:transparent; color:#000000;"><a class="mw-selflink selflink"><span class="mw-no-invert" style="color:#4F311CFF">CHAGATAI KHANATE</span></a></span></div><div id="annotation_60x40" style="position:absolute; left:60px; top:40px; font-size:7px; font-weight:bold; font-size:7; line-height:9px; text-align:center;"><span style="background-color:transparent; color:#000000;"><a href="/wiki/Golden_Horde" title="Golden Horde"><span class="mw-no-invert" style="color:#4F311CFF">GOLDEN HORDE</span></a></span></div><div id="annotation_210x75" style="position:absolute; left:210px; top:75px; font-size:7px; font-weight:bold; font-size:7; line-height:9px; text-align:center;"><span style="background-color:transparent; color:#000000;"><a href="/wiki/Yuan_dynasty" title="Yuan dynasty"><span class="mw-no-invert" style="color:#4F311CFF">EMPIRE<br />OF THE<br />GREAT KHAN</span></a></span></div><div id="annotation_60x90" style="position:absolute; left:60px; top:90px; font-size:7px; font-weight:bold; font-size:7; line-height:9px; text-align:center;"><span style="background-color:transparent; color:#000000;"><a href="/wiki/Ilkhanate" title="Ilkhanate"><span class="mw-no-invert" style="color:#4F311CFF">ILKHANATE</span></a></span></div><div id="annotation_46x68" style="position:absolute; left:46px; top:68px; font-size:5px; font-weight:bold; font-size:5; line-height:7px; text-align:center;"><span style="background-color:transparent; color:#000000;"><a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Georgia" title="Kingdom of Georgia"><span class="mw-no-invert" style="color:#4F311CFF">GEORGIA</span></a></span></div><div id="annotation_125x105" style="position:absolute; left:125px; top:105px; font-size:7px; font-weight:bold; font-size:7; line-height:9px; text-align:center;"><span style="background-color:transparent; color:#000000;"><a href="/wiki/Delhi_Sultanate" title="Delhi Sultanate"><span class="mw-no-invert" style="color:#4F311CFF">DELHI<br />SULTANATE</span></a></span></div><div id="annotation_135x133" style="position:absolute; left:135px; top:133px; font-size:6px; font-weight:bold; font-size:6; line-height:8px; text-align:center;"><span style="background-color:transparent; color:#000000;"><a href="/wiki/Seuna_(Yadava)_dynasty" title="Seuna (Yadava) dynasty"><span class="mw-no-invert" style="color:#4F311CFF">YADAVAS</span></a></span></div><div id="annotation_225x15" style="position:absolute; left:225px; top:15px; font-size:7px; font-weight:bold; font-size:7; line-height:9px; text-align:center;"><span style="background-color:transparent; color:#000000;"><a href="/wiki/Tungusic_peoples" title="Tungusic peoples"><span class="mw-no-invert" style="color:#4F311CFF"><i>Tungus</i></span></a></span></div><div id="annotation_193x125" style="position:absolute; left:193px; top:125px; font-size:6px; font-weight:bold; font-size:6; line-height:8px; text-align:center;"><span style="background-color:transparent; color:#000000;"><a href="/wiki/Myinsaing_Kingdom" title="Myinsaing Kingdom"><span class="mw-no-invert" style="color:#4F311CFF">MYIN-<br />SAING</span></a></span></div><div id="annotation_210x145" style="position:absolute; left:210px; top:145px; font-size:6px; font-weight:bold; font-size:6; line-height:8px; text-align:center;"><span style="background-color:transparent; color:#000000;"><a href="/wiki/Khmer_Empire" title="Khmer Empire"><span class="mw-no-invert" style="color:#4F311CFF">KHMER</span></a></span></div><div id="annotation_7x75" style="position:absolute; left:7px; top:75px; font-size:6px; font-weight:bold; font-size:6; line-height:8px; text-align:center;"><span style="background-color:transparent; color:#000000;"><a href="/wiki/Anatolian_beyliks" title="Anatolian beyliks"><span class="mw-no-invert" style="color:#4F311CFF">BEYLIKS</span></a></span></div><div id="annotation_5x95" style="position:absolute; left:5px; top:95px; font-size:7px; font-weight:bold; font-size:7; line-height:9px; text-align:center;"><span style="background-color:transparent; color:#000000;"><a href="/wiki/Mamluk_Sultanate" title="Mamluk Sultanate"><span class="mw-no-invert" style="color:#4F311CFF">MAMLUK<br />SULTANATE</span></a></span></div><div id="annotation_280x74" style="position:absolute; left:280px; top:74px; font-size:6px; font-weight:bold; font-size:6; line-height:8px; text-align:center;"><span style="background-color:transparent; color:#000000;"><a href="/wiki/Goryeo" title="Goryeo"><span class="mw-no-invert" style="color:#4F311CFF">GO-<br />RYEO</span></a></span></div><div id="annotation_205x165" style="position:absolute; left:205px; top:165px; font-size:6px; font-weight:bold; font-size:6; line-height:8px; text-align:center;"><span style="background-color:transparent; color:#000000;"><a href="/wiki/Majapahit" title="Majapahit"><span class="mw-no-invert" style="color:#4F311CFF">MAJAPAHIT</span></a></span></div></div><div class="thumbcaption"><div class="magnify"><a href="/wiki/File:Map_Asia_physical_(continental).png" title="File:Map Asia physical (continental).png">class=notpageimage| </a></div><div class="center" style="width:auto; margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto;">The Chagatai Khanate, with contemporary polities circa 1300, before the expansion of the <a href="/wiki/Timurid_Empire" title="Timurid Empire">Timurid Empire</a> into <a href="/wiki/Transoxonia" class="mw-redirect" title="Transoxonia">Transoxonia</a> from 1363.<sup id="cite_ref-New_York_:_McGraw-Hill_1-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-New_York_:_McGraw-Hill-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></div></div></div></div> <p>The khanate became increasingly unstable in the following years and split in two during the 1340s. <a href="/wiki/Transoxania" class="mw-redirect" title="Transoxania">Transoxania</a> was ruled by <a href="/wiki/Qazan_Khan_ibn_Yasaur" title="Qazan Khan ibn Yasaur">Qazan Khan ibn Yasaur</a>. In 1346 a tribal chief, <a href="/wiki/Amir_Qazaghan" title="Amir Qazaghan">Amir Qazaghan</a>, killed Qazan and set up <a href="/wiki/Danishmendji" title="Danishmendji">Danishmendji</a> as puppet khan. Danishmendji was killed a year later and replaced with <a href="/wiki/Bayan_Qul%C3%AF" title="Bayan Qulï">Bayan Qulï</a>. Qazaghan made <a href="/wiki/Herat" title="Herat">Herat</a> a tributary in 1351. He was assassinated in 1357 and was succeeded by his son <a href="/wiki/Abdullah_(Chagatai_Khanate)" title="Abdullah (Chagatai Khanate)">Abdullah</a>, who killed Bayan Qulï in 1358. This aroused the anger of local lords such as <a href="/wiki/Hajji_Beg" class="mw-redirect" title="Hajji Beg">Hajji Beg</a>, the uncle of <a href="/wiki/Tamerlane" class="mw-redirect" title="Tamerlane">Tamerlane</a>. Hajji drove out Abdullah to the <a href="/wiki/Hindu_Kush" title="Hindu Kush">Hindu Kush</a>, where he died. From then on the Chagatayid khans of Transoxania served as nothing more but figureheads until it was annexed by the <a href="/wiki/Timurid_Empire" title="Timurid Empire">Timurid Empire</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEGrousset1970341–343_36-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEGrousset1970341–343-36"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>36<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The Timurids likewise continued to portray descendants of Chaghatai khans as khans (i.e. rulers) but in reality they were confined in their castles with no authority. They were political prisoners in <a href="/wiki/Samarkand" title="Samarkand">Samarkand</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEGrousset1970416_37-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEGrousset1970416-37"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>37<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In the east, the powerful <a href="/wiki/Dughlats" title="Dughlats">Dughlats</a> enthroned a son of <a href="/wiki/Esen_Buqa_I" title="Esen Buqa I">Esen Buqa I</a>, <a href="/wiki/Tughlugh_Timur" title="Tughlugh Timur">Tughlugh Timur</a> as khan of <a href="/wiki/Moghulistan" title="Moghulistan">Moghulistan</a> in 1347. In 1350, Tughlugh converted to <a href="/wiki/Islam" title="Islam">Islam</a>. Hajji split Transoxania with Bayan Selduz but they were unable to stabilize the realm and it fell into disarray. In 1360, Tughlugh invaded Transoxania and conquered it. Hajji Beg fled in the face of overwhelming power. The future conqueror <a href="/wiki/Timur" title="Timur">Timur</a> entered Tughlugh's service and was appointed ruler of <a href="/wiki/Shahr-i_Sebz" class="mw-redirect" title="Shahr-i Sebz">Shahr-i Sebz</a>. After Tughlugh left Transoxania, Hajji Beg returned in force, only to be driven away again by Tughlugh. Hajji Beg was killed near <a href="/wiki/Sebzewar" class="mw-redirect" title="Sebzewar">Sebzewar</a>. Tughlugh expanded his territory into <a href="/wiki/Afghanistan" title="Afghanistan">Afghanistan</a> by defeating Amir Husayn. Thus the Chagatai Khanate was restored under Tughlugh.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEGrousset1970409-410_38-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEGrousset1970409-410-38"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>38<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEGrousset1970343-346_39-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEGrousset1970343-346-39"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>39<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Following Tughlugh's death in 1363, <a href="/wiki/Timur" title="Timur">Timur</a> and Amir Husayn took over Transoxiana. Timur and Amir Husayn forced Tughlugh's successor <a href="/wiki/Ilyas_Khoja" title="Ilyas Khoja">Ilyas Khoja</a> out of Transoxania, and then Timur eliminated Amir Husayn as well, gaining mastery over Transoxiana (1369–1405). Like his predecessors, Timur maintained a puppet khan (<a href="/wiki/Soyurgatmish" title="Soyurgatmish">Soyurgatmish</a>) on the throne to legitimize his rule, but his khans were members of the house of Ögedei rather than descendants of Chagatai.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEGrousset1970411-416_40-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEGrousset1970411-416-40"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>40<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <ul class="gallery mw-gallery-traditional" style="max-width: 972px;"> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 235px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 230px; height: 230px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Tughlugh_Timur_Mausoleum_-_exterior.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Tughlugh Timur (r.1347–1360) mausoleum, Almaliq, Xinjiang. A rare example of Chagatai architecture.[41]"><img alt="Tughlugh Timur (r.1347–1360) mausoleum, Almaliq, Xinjiang. A rare example of Chagatai architecture.[41]" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5a/Tughlugh_Timur_Mausoleum_-_exterior.jpg/200px-Tughlugh_Timur_Mausoleum_-_exterior.jpg" decoding="async" width="200" height="157" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5a/Tughlugh_Timur_Mausoleum_-_exterior.jpg/300px-Tughlugh_Timur_Mausoleum_-_exterior.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5a/Tughlugh_Timur_Mausoleum_-_exterior.jpg/400px-Tughlugh_Timur_Mausoleum_-_exterior.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1016" data-file-height="800" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/wiki/Tughlugh_Timur" title="Tughlugh Timur">Tughlugh Timur</a> (r.1347–1360) mausoleum, <a href="/wiki/Almaliq,_Xinjiang" title="Almaliq, Xinjiang">Almaliq, Xinjiang</a>. A rare example of Chagatai architecture.<sup id="cite_ref-41" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-41"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>41<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 235px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 230px; height: 230px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:%D0%9C%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%B7%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%B9_%D0%91%D1%83%D1%8F%D0%BD-%D0%9A%D1%83%D0%BB%D0%B8-%D1%85%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B0.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Mausoleum of Bayan Qulï Khan (r.1348-1358), in Bukhara"><img alt="Mausoleum of Bayan Qulï Khan (r.1348-1358), in Bukhara" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e2/%D0%9C%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%B7%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%B9_%D0%91%D1%83%D1%8F%D0%BD-%D0%9A%D1%83%D0%BB%D0%B8-%D1%85%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B0.jpg/200px-%D0%9C%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%B7%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%B9_%D0%91%D1%83%D1%8F%D0%BD-%D0%9A%D1%83%D0%BB%D0%B8-%D1%85%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B0.jpg" decoding="async" width="200" height="173" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e2/%D0%9C%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%B7%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%B9_%D0%91%D1%83%D1%8F%D0%BD-%D0%9A%D1%83%D0%BB%D0%B8-%D1%85%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B0.jpg/300px-%D0%9C%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%B7%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%B9_%D0%91%D1%83%D1%8F%D0%BD-%D0%9A%D1%83%D0%BB%D0%B8-%D1%85%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B0.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e2/%D0%9C%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%B7%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%B9_%D0%91%D1%83%D1%8F%D0%BD-%D0%9A%D1%83%D0%BB%D0%B8-%D1%85%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B0.jpg/400px-%D0%9C%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%B7%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%B9_%D0%91%D1%83%D1%8F%D0%BD-%D0%9A%D1%83%D0%BB%D0%B8-%D1%85%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B0.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2660" data-file-height="2295" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Mausoleum of <a href="/wiki/Bayan_Qul%C3%AF" title="Bayan Qulï">Bayan Qulï</a> Khan (r.1348-1358), in <a href="/wiki/Bukhara" title="Bukhara">Bukhara</a></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 235px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 230px; height: 230px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Gorskii_21747u.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Decorative detail of the mausoleum of Bayan Qulï Khan, 1358"><img alt="Decorative detail of the mausoleum of Bayan Qulï Khan, 1358" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/af/Gorskii_21747u.jpg/200px-Gorskii_21747u.jpg" decoding="async" width="200" height="176" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/af/Gorskii_21747u.jpg/300px-Gorskii_21747u.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/af/Gorskii_21747u.jpg/400px-Gorskii_21747u.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3266" data-file-height="2874" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Decorative detail of the mausoleum of <a href="/wiki/Bayan_Qul%C3%AF" title="Bayan Qulï">Bayan Qulï</a> Khan, 1358</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 235px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 230px; height: 230px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Piece_of_Buyan_Kuli_Khan_Frieze,_MKG1908.472%2B4.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Piece of Buyan Kuli Khan mausoleum frieze"><img alt="Piece of Buyan Kuli Khan mausoleum frieze" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/84/Piece_of_Buyan_Kuli_Khan_Frieze%2C_MKG1908.472%2B4.jpg/200px-Piece_of_Buyan_Kuli_Khan_Frieze%2C_MKG1908.472%2B4.jpg" decoding="async" width="200" height="127" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/84/Piece_of_Buyan_Kuli_Khan_Frieze%2C_MKG1908.472%2B4.jpg/300px-Piece_of_Buyan_Kuli_Khan_Frieze%2C_MKG1908.472%2B4.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/84/Piece_of_Buyan_Kuli_Khan_Frieze%2C_MKG1908.472%2B4.jpg/400px-Piece_of_Buyan_Kuli_Khan_Frieze%2C_MKG1908.472%2B4.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="761" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Piece of Buyan Kuli Khan mausoleum frieze</div> </li> </ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Moghulistan_(1363–1487)"><span id="Moghulistan_.281363.E2.80.931487.29"></span>Moghulistan (1363–1487)</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Chagatai_Khanate&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Moghulistan (1363–1487)"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Moghulistan" title="Moghulistan">Moghulistan</a></div> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Eastern_Chagatai_1372.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/52/Eastern_Chagatai_1372.jpg/350px-Eastern_Chagatai_1372.jpg" decoding="async" width="350" height="238" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/52/Eastern_Chagatai_1372.jpg/525px-Eastern_Chagatai_1372.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/52/Eastern_Chagatai_1372.jpg/700px-Eastern_Chagatai_1372.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1103" data-file-height="750" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Moghulistan" title="Moghulistan">Moghulistan</a> in 1372</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Kingdom_of_Chagatai_in_the_Catalan_Atlas_(1375).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/14/Kingdom_of_Chagatai_in_the_Catalan_Atlas_%281375%29.jpg/220px-Kingdom_of_Chagatai_in_the_Catalan_Atlas_%281375%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="226" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/14/Kingdom_of_Chagatai_in_the_Catalan_Atlas_%281375%29.jpg/330px-Kingdom_of_Chagatai_in_the_Catalan_Atlas_%281375%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/14/Kingdom_of_Chagatai_in_the_Catalan_Atlas_%281375%29.jpg/440px-Kingdom_of_Chagatai_in_the_Catalan_Atlas_%281375%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2767" data-file-height="2846" /></a><figcaption>Kingdom of Chagatai in the <a href="/wiki/Catalan_Atlas" title="Catalan Atlas">Catalan Atlas</a> (1375). The Khan <a href="/wiki/Kebek" title="Kebek">Kebek</a> (r. 1309–1325) is depicted with the caption: <i>Here reigns the King Chabech (<a href="/wiki/Kebek" title="Kebek">Kebek</a>), lord of the Medeja [Media] Empire. He resides at Emalech (<a href="/wiki/Almaliq,_Xinjiang" title="Almaliq, Xinjiang">Almaliq</a>).</i><sup id="cite_ref-42" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-42"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>42<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> His cities appear with the Chagatai flag (<span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Flag_of_the_Chagatay_Khanate_in_the_Catalan_Atlas_(published_in1375).png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/27/Flag_of_the_Chagatay_Khanate_in_the_Catalan_Atlas_%28published_in1375%29.png/20px-Flag_of_the_Chagatay_Khanate_in_the_Catalan_Atlas_%28published_in1375%29.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/27/Flag_of_the_Chagatay_Khanate_in_the_Catalan_Atlas_%28published_in1375%29.png/30px-Flag_of_the_Chagatay_Khanate_in_the_Catalan_Atlas_%28published_in1375%29.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/27/Flag_of_the_Chagatay_Khanate_in_the_Catalan_Atlas_%28published_in1375%29.png/40px-Flag_of_the_Chagatay_Khanate_in_the_Catalan_Atlas_%28published_in1375%29.png 2x" data-file-width="1203" data-file-height="861" /></a></span>).<sup id="cite_ref-43" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-43"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>43<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-44" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-44"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>44<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></figcaption></figure> <p><a href="/wiki/Ilyas_Khoja" title="Ilyas Khoja">Ilyas Khoja</a> attacked <a href="/wiki/Timur" title="Timur">Timur</a> in 1364 and defeated him on the north bank of the <a href="/wiki/Syr_Darya" title="Syr Darya">Syr Darya</a>. He then besieged <a href="/wiki/Samarkand" title="Samarkand">Samarkand</a> but suffered harsh attrition due to an epidemic so that by the next year he was forced to retreat from Transoxania.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEGrousset1970412_45-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEGrousset1970412-45"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>45<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The <a href="/wiki/Dughlat" class="mw-redirect" title="Dughlat">Dughlat</a> <a href="/wiki/Qamar-ud-din_Khan_Dughlat" title="Qamar-ud-din Khan Dughlat">Qamar-ud-din Khan Dughlat</a> rebelled and killed Ilyas Khoja in 1368, taking the throne for himself. Ilyas Khoja's brother <a href="/wiki/Khizr_Khoja" title="Khizr Khoja">Khizr Khoja</a> fled to <a href="/wiki/Turpan" title="Turpan">Turpan</a> where he set up his own independent realm and converted the last <a href="/wiki/Uyghurs" title="Uyghurs">Uyghurs</a> there to <a href="/wiki/Islam" title="Islam">Islam</a>. In 1375, Timur invaded <a href="/wiki/Moghulistan" title="Moghulistan">Moghulistan</a>, looting the <a href="/wiki/Ili_River" title="Ili River">Ili region</a>. Qamar retaliated by raiding <a href="/wiki/Fergana" title="Fergana">Fergana</a> until Timur put him to flight. Timur fell into an ambush and barely escaped, retreating to <a href="/wiki/Samarkand" title="Samarkand">Samarkand</a>. Timur attacked again in 1376 and 1383 but both times failed to capture the Moghul khan. In 1389 Timur attacked Khizr Khoja instead and forced him to flee into the <a href="/wiki/Gobi_Desert" title="Gobi Desert">Gobi Desert</a>. In 1390 Timur invaded Moghulistan and once again failed to find Qamar, but Qamar, having fled, was never heard of again. Khizr Khoja returned to Moghulistan and assumed power once more. He gave his daughter in marriage to Timur and made peace with him in 1397. Khizr Khoja died in 1399 and was succeeded by his three sons in succession: <a href="/wiki/Shams-i-Jahan" title="Shams-i-Jahan">Shams-i-Jahan</a> (1399–1408), <a href="/wiki/Muhammad_Khan_(Khan_of_Moghulistan)" title="Muhammad Khan (Khan of Moghulistan)">Muhammad Khan</a> (1408–1415), and <a href="/wiki/Naqsh-i-Jahan" title="Naqsh-i-Jahan">Naqsh-i-Jahan</a> (1415–1418). Upon Khizr Khoja's death, Timur took the opportunity to send another army to pillage Moghul lands.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEGrousset1970422-426_46-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEGrousset1970422-426-46"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>46<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p><a href="/wiki/Uwais_Khan" title="Uwais Khan">Uwais Khan</a> came to power in 1418. During his reign he waged war on the <a href="/wiki/Oirats" title="Oirats">Oirats</a> and was taken prisoner by their leader <a href="/wiki/Esen_Taishi" title="Esen Taishi">Esen Taishi</a>. Due to Uwais' royal lineage, Esen Taishi treated him with respect and released him. Uwais suffered two more defeats against the Oirats and was captured a second time. He was let go after sending his sister as hostage to Esen Taishi's family. Uwais died in 1429. Two factions supporting his two sons <a href="/wiki/Yunus_Khan" title="Yunus Khan">Yunus Khan</a> and <a href="/wiki/Esen_Buqa_II" title="Esen Buqa II">Esen Buqa II</a> quarreled over the throne with Esen Buqa II emerging as the victor. Yunus fled to Samarkand. Under Esen Buqa II, the powerful Dughlat Sayyid Ali, who had helped him to the throne, became very influential and held both <a href="/wiki/Kucha" title="Kucha">Kucha</a> and <a href="/wiki/Kashgar" title="Kashgar">Kashgar</a>. In 1451, Esen Buqa II raided the northern border of the <a href="/wiki/Timurid_Empire" title="Timurid Empire">Timurid Empire</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEGrousset1970491-492_47-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEGrousset1970491-492-47"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>47<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The Timurid ruler <a href="/wiki/Abu_Sa%27id_Mirza" title="Abu Sa'id Mirza">Abu Sa'id Mirza</a> schemed to split the Moghuls in two, so he summoned Yunus in 1456 and supported his authority in the Ili region. Yunus tried to conquer Kashgar but was repelled by Sayyid Ali and Esen Buqa II. Esen Buqa II died in 1462. His son <a href="/wiki/Dost_Muhammad_(Moghul_Khan)" title="Dost Muhammad (Moghul Khan)">Dost Muhammad</a> was an inexperienced 17 year old. He plundered the territory of the Dughlats. By the time he died in 1469, his realm was in general revolt. Yunus took advantage of the situation to capture the Moghul capital <a href="/wiki/Aksu_City" title="Aksu City">Aksu</a>. Dost Muhammad's young son <a href="/wiki/Kebek_Sultan" title="Kebek Sultan">Kebek Sultan</a> was taken to <a href="/wiki/Turpan" title="Turpan">Turpan</a>, where he was proclaimed khan. Four years later, he was put to death by his followers and brought to Yunus. Yunus thus became the sole ruler of Moghulistan in 1472.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEGrousset1970492-493_48-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEGrousset1970492-493-48"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>48<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Yunus' reign began with a raid by the Oirats under Esen Taishi's son Amasanj, who forced Yunus to flee to the Syr Darya. Yunus returned after the Oirats left with their pillage. In 1465, Yunus faced a rebellion by <a href="/wiki/Mirza_Abu_Bakr_Dughlat" title="Mirza Abu Bakr Dughlat">Mirza Abu Bakr Dughlat</a>, who seized <a href="/wiki/Yarkant_County" title="Yarkant County">Yarkand</a> and <a href="/wiki/Khotan" class="mw-redirect" title="Khotan">Khotan</a>. Yunus attempted twice to remove to Abu Bakr but was defeated both times in 1479 and 1480, after which Abu Bakr also seized Kashgar. In the west, Yunus captured <a href="/wiki/Hami" title="Hami">Hami</a> from <a href="/wiki/Kara_Del" title="Kara Del">Kara Del</a>, which was then a tributary of the <a href="/wiki/Ming_dynasty" title="Ming dynasty">Ming dynasty</a>. A Ming army evicted the Moghuls from the city but failed to catch them, and they soon returned to Hami afterwards. Yunus also took advantage of political infighting in the west to vassalize <a href="/wiki/Umar_Shaikh_Mirza_II" title="Umar Shaikh Mirza II">Umar Shaikh Mirza II</a>'s realm in <a href="/wiki/Fergana" title="Fergana">Fergana</a>. Yunus moved to <a href="/wiki/Tashkent" title="Tashkent">Tashkent</a> in 1484 and settled down, giving up the nomadic way of life. His nomadic followers became alarmed by this action and departed for the steppes, taking with them Yunus' second son <a href="/wiki/Ahmad_Alaq" title="Ahmad Alaq">Ahmad Alaq</a>. When Yunus died in 1486, his realm was divided between the <a href="/wiki/Yarkent_Khanate" title="Yarkent Khanate">Yarkent Khanate</a>, ruled by <a href="/wiki/Mahmud_Khan_(Moghul_Khan)" title="Mahmud Khan (Moghul Khan)">Mahmud Khan</a> in the west, and the <a href="/wiki/Turpan_Khanate" title="Turpan Khanate">Turpan Khanate</a>, ruled by Ahmad Alaq in the northeast.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEGrousset1970495_49-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEGrousset1970495-49"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>49<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Yarkent_and_Turpan_Khanates_(1487–1705)"><span id="Yarkent_and_Turpan_Khanates_.281487.E2.80.931705.29"></span>Yarkent and Turpan Khanates (1487–1705)</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Chagatai_Khanate&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Yarkent and Turpan Khanates (1487–1705)"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Yarkent_Khanate_(1487–1705)"><span id="Yarkent_Khanate_.281487.E2.80.931705.29"></span>Yarkent Khanate (1487–1705)</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Chagatai_Khanate&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Yarkent Khanate (1487–1705)"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Yarkent_Khanate" title="Yarkent Khanate">Yarkent Khanate</a></div> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:1517_Yarkent_and_Turpan.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/52/1517_Yarkent_and_Turpan.png/300px-1517_Yarkent_and_Turpan.png" decoding="async" width="300" height="202" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/52/1517_Yarkent_and_Turpan.png/450px-1517_Yarkent_and_Turpan.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/52/1517_Yarkent_and_Turpan.png/600px-1517_Yarkent_and_Turpan.png 2x" data-file-width="1199" data-file-height="809" /></a><figcaption>Yarkent and Turpan in 1517</figcaption></figure> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:%E4%B8%87%E5%9B%BD%E6%9D%A5%E6%9C%9D%E5%9B%BE_Yarkent_dignitaries_(%E8%91%89%E7%88%BE%E5%A5%87%E6%9C%A8)_in_Peking_in_1761.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a6/%E4%B8%87%E5%9B%BD%E6%9D%A5%E6%9C%9D%E5%9B%BE_Yarkent_dignitaries_%28%E8%91%89%E7%88%BE%E5%A5%87%E6%9C%A8%29_in_Peking_in_1761.jpg/300px-%E4%B8%87%E5%9B%BD%E6%9D%A5%E6%9C%9D%E5%9B%BE_Yarkent_dignitaries_%28%E8%91%89%E7%88%BE%E5%A5%87%E6%9C%A8%29_in_Peking_in_1761.jpg" decoding="async" width="300" height="166" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a6/%E4%B8%87%E5%9B%BD%E6%9D%A5%E6%9C%9D%E5%9B%BE_Yarkent_dignitaries_%28%E8%91%89%E7%88%BE%E5%A5%87%E6%9C%A8%29_in_Peking_in_1761.jpg/450px-%E4%B8%87%E5%9B%BD%E6%9D%A5%E6%9C%9D%E5%9B%BE_Yarkent_dignitaries_%28%E8%91%89%E7%88%BE%E5%A5%87%E6%9C%A8%29_in_Peking_in_1761.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a6/%E4%B8%87%E5%9B%BD%E6%9D%A5%E6%9C%9D%E5%9B%BE_Yarkent_dignitaries_%28%E8%91%89%E7%88%BE%E5%A5%87%E6%9C%A8%29_in_Peking_in_1761.jpg/600px-%E4%B8%87%E5%9B%BD%E6%9D%A5%E6%9C%9D%E5%9B%BE_Yarkent_dignitaries_%28%E8%91%89%E7%88%BE%E5%A5%87%E6%9C%A8%29_in_Peking_in_1761.jpg 2x" data-file-width="728" data-file-height="404" /></a><figcaption>Yarkent dignitaries (葉爾奇木) in <a href="/wiki/Beijing" title="Beijing">Beijing</a> in 1761. <i><a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%87%E5%9B%BD%E6%9D%A5%E6%9C%9D%E5%9B%BE" class="mw-redirect" title="万国来朝图">万国来朝图 </a></i></figcaption></figure> <p>In the west, <a href="/wiki/Mahmud_Khan_(Moghul_Khan)" title="Mahmud Khan (Moghul Khan)">Mahmud Khan</a> ruled from <a href="/wiki/Tashkent" title="Tashkent">Tashkent</a> over the <a href="/wiki/Yarkent_Khanate" title="Yarkent Khanate">Yarkent Khanate</a>. In 1488, the <a href="/wiki/Timurids" class="mw-redirect" title="Timurids">Timurids</a> of <a href="/wiki/Samarkand" title="Samarkand">Samarkand</a> tried to recover Tashkent but were defeated by Mahmud. In 1487, Mahmud gave refuge to <a href="/wiki/Muhammad_Shaybani" title="Muhammad Shaybani">Muhammad Shaybani</a>, who then seized <a href="/wiki/Bukhara" title="Bukhara">Bukhara</a> and Samarkand from the Timurids in 1500, making himself ruler of <a href="/wiki/Transoxania" class="mw-redirect" title="Transoxania">Transoxania</a>. Muhammad immediately turned against Mahmud, who called his brother <a href="/wiki/Ahmad_Alaq" title="Ahmad Alaq">Ahmad Alaq</a> for help, and defeated both the Moghul khans and took them prisoner. He released them soon after but kept Tashkent and <a href="/wiki/Sayram_(city)" title="Sayram (city)">Sairam</a>. Ahmad died soon after. Mahmud was captured again in 1508 and put to death, marking the last time the Chagatayids were ejected from Transoxania.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEGrousset1970496_50-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEGrousset1970496-50"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>50<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 1514, <a href="/wiki/Mansur_Khan_(Moghul_Khan)" title="Mansur Khan (Moghul Khan)">Mansur Khan</a>'s brother <a href="/wiki/Sultan_Said_Khan" title="Sultan Said Khan">Sultan Said Khan</a> captured Kashgar, <a href="/wiki/Yarkant_County" title="Yarkant County">Yarkand</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Khotan" class="mw-redirect" title="Khotan">Khotan</a> from <a href="/wiki/Mirza_Abu_Bakr_Dughlat" title="Mirza Abu Bakr Dughlat">Mirza Abu Bakr Dughlat</a>, who had ruled in Mahmud's absence, and forced him to flee to <a href="/wiki/Ladakh" title="Ladakh">Ladakh</a>. This marked the final separation of Moghulistan into two realms, with Said situated in Kashgar, and Mansur in Turpan, otherwise known as <a href="/wiki/Moghulistan#Western_Moghulistan_and_Eastern_Moghulistan" title="Moghulistan">Uyghuristan</a>. In 1529, Said attacked <a href="/wiki/Badakhshan" title="Badakhshan">Badakhshan</a>, and in 1531, he invaded Ladakh. During the campaign, Said fell ill from altitude sickness and died in July 1533 on the homeward journey. He was succeeded by his son <a href="/wiki/Abdurashid_Khan" title="Abdurashid Khan">Abdurashid Khan</a>. Abdurashid came into conflict with the <a href="/wiki/Dughlats" title="Dughlats">Dughlats</a> and persecuted one of their leaders, Sayyid Muhammad-mirza. Abdurashid spent his reign fighting the <a href="/wiki/Kyrgyz_people" title="Kyrgyz people">Kyrgyz people</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Kazakhs" title="Kazakhs">Kazakhs</a>, who made incursions on the <a href="/wiki/Ili_River" title="Ili River">Ili region</a> and <a href="/wiki/Issyk_Kul" class="mw-redirect" title="Issyk Kul">Issyk Kul</a>. He was ultimately unsuccessful in preventing the Kyrgyz-Kazakhs from seizing the Ili region. Abdurashid was succeeded in 1565 by his son <a href="/wiki/Abdul_Karim_Khan_(Yarkand)" title="Abdul Karim Khan (Yarkand)">Abdul Karim Khan</a>, who shifted the capital to Yarkand. Abdul was succeeded in 1590 by his brother <a href="/wiki/Muhammad_Sultan" title="Muhammad Sultan">Muhammad Sultan</a>, who repelled an invasion by the <a href="/wiki/Khanate_of_Bukhara" title="Khanate of Bukhara">Khanate of Bukhara</a> under <a href="/wiki/Abdullah_Khan_II" title="Abdullah Khan II">Abdullah Khan II</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEGrousset1970497-499_51-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEGrousset1970497-499-51"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>51<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Muhammad died in 1610 and was succeeded by his son <a href="/wiki/Shudja_ad_Din_Ahmad_Khan" title="Shudja ad Din Ahmad Khan">Shudja ad Din Ahmad Khan</a>, who was assassinated in 1619, and replaced by Abd al-Latif (Afak) Khan. Abd al-Latif (Afak) Khan was succeeded by his nephew Sultan Ahmad Khan (Pulat Khan) in 1631. Pulat was overthrown by Abdallah (Moghul Khan) in 1636. Abdallah stabilized the court and exiled a number of old nobles to <a href="/wiki/India" title="India">India</a>. He repelled Oirat inroads in the Khotan and <a href="/wiki/Aksu_City" title="Aksu City">Aksu</a> regions, and entered a tributary relationship with the <a href="/wiki/Qing_dynasty" title="Qing dynasty">Qing dynasty</a> in 1655. Friendly relations were also established with <a href="/wiki/Bukhara" title="Bukhara">Bukhara</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Mughal_Empire" title="Mughal Empire">Mughal Empire</a>. In 1667, Abdallah's son Yulbars Khan removed his father from power.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEAdle2003185_52-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEAdle2003185-52"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>52<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Map-Qing_Dynasty_1616-en.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ca/Map-Qing_Dynasty_1616-en.jpg/220px-Map-Qing_Dynasty_1616-en.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="167" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ca/Map-Qing_Dynasty_1616-en.jpg/330px-Map-Qing_Dynasty_1616-en.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ca/Map-Qing_Dynasty_1616-en.jpg/440px-Map-Qing_Dynasty_1616-en.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3348" data-file-height="2542" /></a><figcaption>Mainland <a href="/wiki/East_Asia" title="East Asia">East Asia</a> in 1616</figcaption></figure> <p>From the late 16th century onward, the Yarkent Khanate fell under the influence of the <a href="/wiki/Khoja_(Turkestan)" title="Khoja (Turkestan)">Khojas</a>. The Khojas were <a href="/wiki/Muslims" title="Muslims">Muslims</a> who claimed descent from <a href="/wiki/Muhammad" title="Muhammad">Muhammad</a> or from the first four Arab <a href="/wiki/Caliphs" class="mw-redirect" title="Caliphs">caliphs</a>. By the reign of Said in the early 16th century, the Khojas already had a strong influence in court and over the khan. In 1533, an especially influential Khoja named Makhdum-i Azam arrived in Kashgar, where he settled and had two sons. These two sons hated each other and they passed down their mutual hatred down to their children. The two lineages came to dominate large parts of the khanate, splitting it between two factions: the Aq Taghliq (White Mountain) in Kashgar and the Qara Taghliq (Black Mountain) in Yarkand. Yulbars patronized the Aq Taghliqs and suppressed the Qara Taghliqs, which caused much resentment, and resulted in his assassination in 1670. He was succeeded by his son who ruled for only a brief period before <a href="/wiki/Ismail_Khan_(Moghul_khan)" title="Ismail Khan (Moghul khan)">Ismail Khan</a> was enthroned. Ismail reversed the power struggle between the two Muslim factions and drove out the Aq Taghliq leader, <a href="/wiki/Afaq_Khoja" title="Afaq Khoja">Afaq Khoja</a>. Afaq fled to <a href="/wiki/Tibet" title="Tibet">Tibet</a>, where the <a href="/wiki/5th_Dalai_Lama" title="5th Dalai Lama">5th Dalai Lama</a> aided him in enlisting the help of <a href="/wiki/Galdan_Boshugtu_Khan" title="Galdan Boshugtu Khan">Galdan Boshugtu Khan</a>, ruler of the <a href="/wiki/Dzungar_Khanate" title="Dzungar Khanate">Dzungar Khanate</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEGrousset1970501_53-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEGrousset1970501-53"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>53<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 1680, Galdan led 120,000 <a href="/wiki/Dzungars" class="mw-redirect" title="Dzungars">Dzungars</a> into the Yarkent Khanate. They were aided by the Aq Taghliqs and <a href="/wiki/Hami" title="Hami">Hami</a> and <a href="/wiki/Turpan" title="Turpan">Turpan</a>, which had already submitted to the Dzungars. Ismail's son Babak Sultan died in the resistance against them in the battle for Kashgar. The general Iwaz Beg died in the defense of Yarkand. The Dzungars defeated the Moghul forces without much difficulty and took Ismail and his family prisoner. Galdan installed <a href="/wiki/Abd_ar-Rashid_Khan_II" title="Abd ar-Rashid Khan II">Abd ar-Rashid Khan II</a>, son of Babak, as puppet khan. The new khan forced <a href="/wiki/Afaq_Khoja" title="Afaq Khoja">Afaq Khoja</a> to flee again, but Abd ar-Rashid's reign was also ended unceremoniously two years later when riots erupted in Yarkand. He was replaced by his brother Muhammad Imin Khan. Muhammad sought help from the <a href="/wiki/Qing_dynasty" title="Qing dynasty">Qing dynasty</a>, <a href="/wiki/Khanate_of_Bukhara" title="Khanate of Bukhara">Khanate of Bukhara</a>, and the <a href="/wiki/Mughal_Empire" title="Mughal Empire">Mughal Empire</a> in combating the Dzungars. In 1693, Muhammad conducted a successful attack on the Dzungar Khanate, taking 30,000 captives. Unfortunately Afaq Khoja appeared again and overthrew Muhammad in a revolt led by his followers. Afaq's son Yahiya Khoja was enthroned but his reign was cut short in 1695 when both he and his father were killed while suppressing local rebellions. In 1696, <a href="/wiki/Akbash_Khan" title="Akbash Khan">Akbash Khan</a> was placed on the throne, but the <a href="/wiki/Bey" title="Bey">begs</a> of Kashgar refused to recognize him, and instead allied with the <a href="/wiki/Kyrgyz_people" title="Kyrgyz people">Kyrgyz</a> to attack Yarkand, taking Akbash prisoner. The begs of Yarkand went to the Dzungars, who sent troops and ousted the Kyrgyz in 1705. The Dzungars installed a non-Chagatayid ruler Mirza Alim Shah Beg, thereby ending the rule of Chagatai khans forever.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEAdle2003193_54-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEAdle2003193-54"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>54<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <ul class="gallery mw-gallery-traditional" style="max-width: 972px;"> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 235px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 230px; height: 230px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:2015-09-12-123007_-_Moschee_beim_Grabmal_der_Amann_Shahan_Isa_Khan.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Altyn Mosque in Yarkand"><img alt="Altyn Mosque in Yarkand" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/aa/2015-09-12-123007_-_Moschee_beim_Grabmal_der_Amann_Shahan_Isa_Khan.jpg/200px-2015-09-12-123007_-_Moschee_beim_Grabmal_der_Amann_Shahan_Isa_Khan.jpg" decoding="async" width="200" height="133" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/aa/2015-09-12-123007_-_Moschee_beim_Grabmal_der_Amann_Shahan_Isa_Khan.jpg/300px-2015-09-12-123007_-_Moschee_beim_Grabmal_der_Amann_Shahan_Isa_Khan.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/aa/2015-09-12-123007_-_Moschee_beim_Grabmal_der_Amann_Shahan_Isa_Khan.jpg/400px-2015-09-12-123007_-_Moschee_beim_Grabmal_der_Amann_Shahan_Isa_Khan.jpg 2x" data-file-width="5305" data-file-height="3518" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/wiki/Altyn_Mosque" title="Altyn Mosque">Altyn Mosque</a> in <a href="/wiki/Yarkand_County" class="mw-redirect" title="Yarkand County">Yarkand</a></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 235px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 230px; height: 230px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Yarkand-tumbas-reyes-d06.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Royal tombs of the Yarkent Khanate at the Altyn Mosque in Yarkand, with tomb of Sultan Said Khan (1533) in the central pavillion"><img alt="Royal tombs of the Yarkent Khanate at the Altyn Mosque in Yarkand, with tomb of Sultan Said Khan (1533) in the central pavillion" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/24/Yarkand-tumbas-reyes-d06.jpg/200px-Yarkand-tumbas-reyes-d06.jpg" decoding="async" width="200" height="150" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/24/Yarkand-tumbas-reyes-d06.jpg/300px-Yarkand-tumbas-reyes-d06.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/24/Yarkand-tumbas-reyes-d06.jpg/400px-Yarkand-tumbas-reyes-d06.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="768" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Royal tombs of the Yarkent Khanate at the <a href="/wiki/Altyn_Mosque" title="Altyn Mosque">Altyn Mosque</a> in <a href="/wiki/Yarkand_County" class="mw-redirect" title="Yarkand County">Yarkand</a>, with tomb of <a href="/wiki/Sultan_Said_Khan" title="Sultan Said Khan">Sultan Said Khan</a> (1533) in the central pavillion</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 235px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 230px; height: 230px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Kashgar-apakh-hoja-d04.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Afaq Khoja Mausoleum, 1640 tomb of Afaq Khoja near Kashgar"><img alt="Afaq Khoja Mausoleum, 1640 tomb of Afaq Khoja near Kashgar" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4d/Kashgar-apakh-hoja-d04.jpg/200px-Kashgar-apakh-hoja-d04.jpg" decoding="async" width="200" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4d/Kashgar-apakh-hoja-d04.jpg/300px-Kashgar-apakh-hoja-d04.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4d/Kashgar-apakh-hoja-d04.jpg/400px-Kashgar-apakh-hoja-d04.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1001" data-file-height="738" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/wiki/Afaq_Khoja_Mausoleum" title="Afaq Khoja Mausoleum">Afaq Khoja Mausoleum</a>, 1640 tomb of <a href="/wiki/Afaq_Khoja" title="Afaq Khoja">Afaq Khoja</a> near <a href="/wiki/Kashgar" title="Kashgar">Kashgar</a></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 235px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 230px; height: 230px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Kashgar-apakh-hoja-d02.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="The entrance of Afaq Khoja Mausoleum"><img alt="The entrance of Afaq Khoja Mausoleum" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7e/Kashgar-apakh-hoja-d02.jpg/150px-Kashgar-apakh-hoja-d02.jpg" decoding="async" width="150" height="200" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7e/Kashgar-apakh-hoja-d02.jpg/225px-Kashgar-apakh-hoja-d02.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7e/Kashgar-apakh-hoja-d02.jpg/300px-Kashgar-apakh-hoja-d02.jpg 2x" data-file-width="768" data-file-height="1024" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">The entrance of Afaq Khoja Mausoleum</div> </li> </ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Turpan_Khanate_(1487–1660?)"><span id="Turpan_Khanate_.281487.E2.80.931660.3F.29"></span>Turpan Khanate (1487–1660?)</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Chagatai_Khanate&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: Turpan Khanate (1487–1660?)"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Chagatai_Khanate_(1490).png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1c/Chagatai_Khanate_%281490%29.png/350px-Chagatai_Khanate_%281490%29.png" decoding="async" width="350" height="197" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1c/Chagatai_Khanate_%281490%29.png/525px-Chagatai_Khanate_%281490%29.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1c/Chagatai_Khanate_%281490%29.png/700px-Chagatai_Khanate_%281490%29.png 2x" data-file-width="1202" data-file-height="677" /></a><figcaption>The Turpan Khanate and <a href="/wiki/Yarkent_Khanate" title="Yarkent Khanate">Yarkent Khanate</a> in 1490</figcaption></figure> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Turpan_Khanate" title="Turpan Khanate">Turpan Khanate</a></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Ming%E2%80%93Turpan_conflict" title="Ming–Turpan conflict">Ming–Turpan conflict</a></div> <p><a href="/wiki/Ahmad_Alaq" title="Ahmad Alaq">Ahmad Alaq</a>'s reduced nomadic realm (known as the <a href="/wiki/Turpan_Khanate" title="Turpan Khanate">Turpan Khanate</a>) came into frequent conflict with the <a href="/wiki/Oirats" title="Oirats">Oirats</a>, <a href="/wiki/Kyrgyz_people" title="Kyrgyz people">Kyrgyz people</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Kazakhs" title="Kazakhs">Kazakhs</a>. According to the <i>Tarikh-i Rashidi</i>, the Oirats called him <i>Alasha</i>, "the Killer". In 1482, <a href="/wiki/Hami" title="Hami">Hami</a> was restored to <a href="/wiki/Kara_Del" title="Kara Del">Kara Del</a> under Qanšin, but in 1488, Ahmad killed Qanšin and retook the city. The next year Ahmad was driven out of Hami. In 1493, Ahmad captured Kara Del's ruler Šamba and held him prisoner. Šamba received support from the <a href="/wiki/Ming_dynasty" title="Ming dynasty">Ming dynasty</a>, which closed its borders to <a href="/wiki/Turpan" title="Turpan">Turpan</a> and expelled its traders from their markets, which eventually forced Ahmad to give up his ambitions in Hami due to unrest in his realm. In 1499 Ahmad retook <a href="/wiki/Kashgar" title="Kashgar">Kashgar</a> and <a href="/wiki/Yengisar_County" title="Yengisar County">Yengisar</a> from <a href="/wiki/Mirza_Abu_Bakr_Dughlat" title="Mirza Abu Bakr Dughlat">Mirza Abu Bakr Dughlat</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEGrousset1970495-496_55-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEGrousset1970495-496-55"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>55<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Nieuhof-p-189-Mogolsche-gezant-Lach-van-Kley-plate-315.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/de/Nieuhof-p-189-Mogolsche-gezant-Lach-van-Kley-plate-315.jpg/220px-Nieuhof-p-189-Mogolsche-gezant-Lach-van-Kley-plate-315.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="143" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/de/Nieuhof-p-189-Mogolsche-gezant-Lach-van-Kley-plate-315.jpg/330px-Nieuhof-p-189-Mogolsche-gezant-Lach-van-Kley-plate-315.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/de/Nieuhof-p-189-Mogolsche-gezant-Lach-van-Kley-plate-315.jpg/440px-Nieuhof-p-189-Mogolsche-gezant-Lach-van-Kley-plate-315.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3680" data-file-height="2394" /></a><figcaption>A "Moghol Embassy", as seen by the <a href="/wiki/Dutch_East_India_Company" title="Dutch East India Company">VOC</a> <a href="/wiki/An_Embassy_from_the_East-India_Company" title="An Embassy from the East-India Company">embassy</a> to Beijing in October 1656. The emissaries portrayed had probably come from <a href="/wiki/Turpan" title="Turpan">Turpan</a>, rather than all the way from the <a href="/wiki/Mughal_Empire" title="Mughal Empire">Moghul India</a>. They wore dresses of blue silk, decorated with dragons.<sup id="cite_ref-56" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-56"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>56<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-57" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-57"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>57<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></figcaption></figure> <p>Around 1500, <a href="/wiki/Muhammad_Shaybani" title="Muhammad Shaybani">Muhammad Shaybani</a> attacked Ahmad's brother <a href="/wiki/Mahmud_Khan_(Moghul_Khan)" title="Mahmud Khan (Moghul Khan)">Mahmud Khan</a>, who appealed to Ahmad for help. Muhammad defeated both Ahmad and Mahmud, seizing <a href="/wiki/Tashkent" title="Tashkent">Tashkent</a> and <a href="/wiki/Sayram_(city)" title="Sayram (city)">Sairam</a>. Ahmad was captured but released soon after. He died of paralysis in <a href="/wiki/Aksu_City" title="Aksu City">Aksu</a> a year later.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEGrousset1970496_50-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEGrousset1970496-50"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>50<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> His brother <a href="/wiki/Mansur_Khan_(Moghul_Khan)" title="Mansur Khan (Moghul Khan)">Mansur Khan</a> succeeded him. His reign began with difficulties with the powerful <a href="/wiki/Dughlat" class="mw-redirect" title="Dughlat">Dughlat</a> of Kashgar, <a href="/wiki/Mirza_Abu_Bakr_Dughlat" title="Mirza Abu Bakr Dughlat">Mirza Abu Bakr Dughlat</a>, plundering the cities of <a href="/wiki/Kucha" title="Kucha">Kucha</a> and Aksu. In 1514, Mansur's brother <a href="/wiki/Sultan_Said_Khan" title="Sultan Said Khan">Sultan Said Khan</a> captured Kashgar, <a href="/wiki/Yarkant_County" title="Yarkant County">Yarkand</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Khotan" class="mw-redirect" title="Khotan">Khotan</a> from Abu Bakr and forced him to flee to <a href="/wiki/Ladakh" title="Ladakh">Ladakh</a>. This marked the final separation of Moghulistan into two realms, with Said situated in Kashgar, and Mansur in Turpan, otherwise known as <a href="/wiki/Moghulistan#Western_Moghulistan_and_Eastern_Moghulistan" title="Moghulistan">Uyghuristan</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEGrousset1970497_58-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEGrousset1970497-58"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>58<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 1513, Kara Del submitted to Mansur and in 1517 Mansur moved to Hami permanently, where he launched raids against the Ming dynasty. Mansur was succeeded in 1545 by his son <a href="/wiki/Shah_Khan" title="Shah Khan">Shah Khan</a>. Shah fought with his brother Muhammad, who seized part of Hami and allied with the Oirats. Shah died in 1560 and Muhammad succeeded him. Muhammad had to fight against a third brother, Sufi Sultan, who tried to enlist the Ming in support of his claim to the throne. After Muhammad's death in 1570, the Turpan Khanate fades from historical texts. The last thing heard of them are embassies sent from Turpan to <a href="/wiki/Beijing" title="Beijing">Beijing</a> in 1647 and 1657. The <a href="/wiki/Qing_dynasty" title="Qing dynasty">Qing dynasty</a> regarded them as embassies from a genuine Chagatayid.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEGrousset1970[httpsarchiveorgdetailsempireofsteppes00groupage498mode2up_499]_59-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEGrousset1970[httpsarchiveorgdetailsempireofsteppes00groupage498mode2up_499]-59"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>59<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-60" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-60"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>60<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Government">Government</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Chagatai_Khanate&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: Government"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><style 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href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Division_of_the_Mongol_Empire" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Division of the Mongol Empire"><abbr title="Edit this template" style="color:inherit">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Division_of_the_Mongol_Empire" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><span style="line-height:1.6em"><a href="/wiki/Division_of_the_Mongol_Empire" title="Division of the Mongol Empire"><span class="wrap">Division of the Mongol Empire</span></a></span></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><table class="infobox" style="background-color: transparent; color: var( --color-base ); border-collapse:collapse; border-spacing:0px; border:none; width:100%; margin:0px; font-size:100%; clear:none; float:none"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background:lightsteelblue;">Khanate</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" style="vertical-align:middle;padding-left:0.5em;"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Yuan_dynasty" title="Yuan dynasty">Yuan dynasty</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ilkhanate" title="Ilkhanate">Ilkhanate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Golden_Horde" title="Golden Horde">Golden Horde</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Chagatai Khanate</a></li></ul> </td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background:lightsteelblue;">War</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" style="vertical-align:middle;padding-left:0.5em;"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Toluid_Civil_War" title="Toluid Civil War">Toluid Civil War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Berke%E2%80%93Hulagu_war" title="Berke–Hulagu war">Berke–Hulagu war</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kaidu%E2%80%93Kublai_war" title="Kaidu–Kublai war">Kaidu–Kublai war</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Esen_Buqa%E2%80%93Ayurbarwada_war" title="Esen Buqa–Ayurbarwada war">Esen Buqa–Ayurbarwada war</a></li></ul> </td></tr></tbody></table></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <p>The Chagatai Mongols remained mostly nomadic in their mode of government and did not settle down in urban centers until the late 15th century. The Mongols of the Chagatai Khanate treated the urban dwellers of Transoxiana and the Tarim Basin as dependencies.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEGrousset1970327_61-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEGrousset1970327-61"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>61<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Family_tree">Family tree</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Chagatai_Khanate&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: Family tree"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <table class="collapsible collapsed" style="margin: 0.3em auto auto; clear:none; min-width:100%; width:100%; font-size:85%; border:1px solid #aaa"> <tbody><tr> <th style="padding:0.2em 0.3em 0.2em 0.3em;background:none; color: inherit; width:100%"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-collapse navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Chagatai_Khanate_family_tree" title="Template:Chagatai Khanate family tree"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Chagatai_Khanate_family_tree" title="Template talk:Chagatai Khanate family tree"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Chagatai_Khanate_family_tree" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Chagatai Khanate family tree"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div class="navbar-ct-mini">Chagatai Khanate family tree</div> </th></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:center"> <div class="center"> <table style="border-spacing: 0px; border-collapse: separate;"> <tbody><tr style="height:1px;text-align:center"><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="6" rowspan="2" style="border:2px solid;padding:0.2em;background-color: #FADA5E;"><a href="/wiki/Genghis_Khan" title="Genghis Khan">Genghis Khan</a><br /><small><a href="/wiki/Khagan" title="Khagan">Great Khan</a> of the <a href="/wiki/Mongol_Empire" title="Mongol Empire">Mongol Empire</a><br />1206–1227</small></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td></tr><tr style="height:1px;text-align:center"></tr> <tr style="height:1px;text-align:center"><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td style="height:1em;width:1em"></td><td style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:1em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:2em"></td><td style="border-right:1px solid;border-bottom:1px solid;height:1em;width:1em"></td><td style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:1em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:2em"></td><td style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:1em"></td><td rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:1em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td></tr><tr style="height:1px;text-align:center"><td style="border-right:1px solid;height:1em;width:1em"></td><td style="height:1em;width:1em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;width:2em"></td><td style="border-right:1px solid;height:1em;width:1em"></td><td style="height:1em;width:1em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;width:2em"></td><td style="border-right:1px solid;height:1em;width:1em"></td><td style="height:1em;width:1em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;width:2em"></td><td style="border-right:1px solid;height:1em;width:1em"></td></tr> <tr style="height:1px;text-align:center"><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="6" rowspan="2" style="border:2px solid;padding:0.2em"><a href="/wiki/Jochi" title="Jochi">Jochi</a></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="6" rowspan="2" style="border:2px solid;padding:0.2em;background-color: #D891EF;"><b><a href="/wiki/Chagatai_Khan" title="Chagatai Khan">Chagatai Khan</a></b><br />Khan of the Chagatai Khanate<br />1226–1242</td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="6" rowspan="2" style="border:2px solid;padding:0.2em"><a href="/wiki/Tului" class="mw-redirect" title="Tului">Tului</a></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="6" rowspan="2" style="border:2px solid;padding:0.2em;background-color: #FADA5E;"><a href="/wiki/Ogedei_Khan" class="mw-redirect" title="Ogedei Khan">Ogedei Khan</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Khagan" title="Khagan">Great Khan</a> of the <a href="/wiki/Mongol_Empire" title="Mongol Empire">Mongol Empire</a><br />1229–1241</td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td></tr><tr style="height:1px;text-align:center"></tr> <tr style="height:1px;text-align:center"><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td style="height:1em;width:1em"></td><td style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:1em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:2em"></td><td style="border-right:1px solid;border-bottom:1px solid;height:1em;width:1em"></td><td style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:1em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:2em"></td><td style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:1em"></td><td rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:1em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td style="height:1em;width:1em"></td><td style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:1em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:2em"></td><td style="border-right:1px solid;border-bottom:1px solid;height:1em;width:1em"></td><td style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:1em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:2em"></td><td style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:1em"></td><td rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:1em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td></tr><tr style="height:1px;text-align:center"><td style="border-right:1px solid;height:1em;width:1em"></td><td style="height:1em;width:1em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;width:2em"></td><td style="border-right:1px solid;height:1em;width:1em"></td><td style="height:1em;width:1em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;width:2em"></td><td style="border-right:1px solid;height:1em;width:1em"></td><td style="height:1em;width:1em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;width:2em"></td><td style="border-right:1px solid;height:1em;width:1em"></td><td style="border-right:1px solid;height:1em;width:1em"></td><td style="height:1em;width:1em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;width:2em"></td><td style="border-right:1px solid;height:1em;width:1em"></td></tr> <tr style="height:1px;text-align:center"><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td rowspan="2" style="border-right:1px solid;height:2em;width:1em"></td><td rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:1em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="6" rowspan="2" style="border:2px solid;padding:0.2em;background-color: #D891EF;"><b><a href="/wiki/Yes%C3%BC_M%C3%B6ngke" title="Yesü Möngke">Yesü Möngke</a></b><br />Khan of the Chagatai Khanate<br />1246–1252</td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="6" rowspan="2" style="border:2px solid;padding:0.2em"><a href="/wiki/Baidar" title="Baidar">Baidar</a></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="6" rowspan="2" style="border:2px solid;padding:0.2em">Sarban</td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="6" rowspan="2" style="border:2px solid;padding:0.2em">Khashi</td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td rowspan="2" style="border-right:1px dashed;height:2em;width:1em"></td><td rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:1em"></td></tr><tr style="height:1px;text-align:center"></tr> <tr style="height:1px;text-align:center"><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td rowspan="2" style="border-right:1px solid;height:2em;width:1em"></td><td rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:1em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td rowspan="2" style="border-right:1px solid;height:2em;width:1em"></td><td rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:1em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td rowspan="2" style="border-right:1px solid;height:2em;width:1em"></td><td rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:1em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td rowspan="2" style="border-right:1px solid;height:2em;width:1em"></td><td rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:1em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td rowspan="2" style="border-right:1px dashed;height:2em;width:1em"></td><td rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:1em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td></tr><tr style="height:1px;text-align:center"></tr> <tr style="height:1px;text-align:center"><td colspan="6" rowspan="2" style="border:2px solid;padding:0.2em"><a href="/wiki/Mutukan" title="Mutukan">Mutukan</a></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="6" rowspan="2" style="border:2px solid;padding:0.2em;background-color: #D891EF;"><b><a href="/wiki/Alghu" title="Alghu">Alghu</a></b><br />Khan of the Chagatai Khanate<br />1260–1266</td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="6" rowspan="2" style="border:2px solid;padding:0.2em;background-color: #D891EF;"><b><a href="/wiki/Neg%C3%BCbei" title="Negübei">Negübei</a></b><br />Khan of the Chagatai Khanate<br />1270–1272</td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="6" rowspan="2" style="border:2px solid;padding:0.2em"><a href="/wiki/Khaidu" class="mw-redirect" title="Khaidu">Khaidu</a></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td rowspan="2" style="border-right:1px dashed;height:2em;width:1em"></td><td rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:1em"></td></tr><tr style="height:1px;text-align:center"></tr> <tr style="height:1px;text-align:center"><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td rowspan="2" style="border-right:1px solid;height:2em;width:1em"></td><td style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:1em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:2em"></td><td style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:1em"></td><td rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:1em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td rowspan="2" style="border-right:1px solid;height:2em;width:1em"></td><td rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:1em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td rowspan="2" style="border-right:1px dashed;height:2em;width:1em"></td><td rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:1em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td></tr><tr style="height:1px;text-align:center"><td style="height:1em;width:1em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;width:2em"></td><td style="border-right:1px solid;height:1em;width:1em"></td><td style="height:1em;width:1em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;width:2em"></td><td style="border-right:1px solid;height:1em;width:1em"></td></tr> <tr style="height:1px;text-align:center"><td colspan="6" rowspan="2" style="border:2px solid;padding:0.2em"><a href="/wiki/B%C3%BCri" title="Büri">Büri</a></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="6" rowspan="2" style="border:2px solid;padding:0.2em;background-color: #D891EF;"><b><a href="/wiki/Qara_H%C3%BCleg%C3%BC" title="Qara Hülegü">Qara Hülegü</a></b> <br />Khan of the Chagatai Khanate<br /><i>First Reign</i><br />1242–1246<br /><i>Second Reign</i><br />1252</td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="6" rowspan="2" style="border:2px solid;padding:0.2em"><a href="/wiki/Yes%C3%BCnto%27a" title="Yesünto'a">Yesünto'a</a></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="6" rowspan="2" style="border:2px solid;padding:0.2em;background-color: #D891EF;"><b><a href="/wiki/Danishmendji" title="Danishmendji">Danishmendji</a></b><sup id="cite_ref-62" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-62"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>62<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <br />Khan of the Chagatai Khanate<br />1346–1348</td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="6" rowspan="2" style="border:2px solid;padding:0.2em;background-color: #D891EF;"><b><a href="/wiki/%27Ali-Sultan" title="'Ali-Sultan">Ali Sultan</a></b><sup id="cite_ref-63" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-63"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>63<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <br />Khan of the Chagatai Khanate<br />1342</td></tr><tr style="height:1px;text-align:center"></tr> <tr style="height:1px;text-align:center"><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td rowspan="2" style="border-right:1px solid;height:2em;width:1em"></td><td rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:1em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td rowspan="2" style="border-right:1px solid;height:2em;width:1em"></td><td rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:1em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td rowspan="2" style="border-right:1px solid;height:2em;width:1em"></td><td rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:1em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td rowspan="2" style="border-right:1px solid;height:2em;width:1em"></td><td rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:1em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td></tr><tr style="height:1px;text-align:center"></tr> <tr style="height:1px;text-align:center"><td colspan="6" rowspan="2" style="border:2px solid;padding:0.2em">Qadaqchi</td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="6" rowspan="2" style="border:2px solid;padding:0.2em;background-color: #D891EF;"><b><a href="/wiki/Mubarak_Shah_(Chagatai_Khan)" title="Mubarak Shah (Chagatai Khan)">Mubarak Shah</a></b><br />Khan of the Chagatai Khanate<br /><i>First Reign</i><br />1252–1260<br /><i>Second Reign</i><br />1266</td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="6" rowspan="2" style="border:2px solid;padding:0.2em;background-color: #D891EF;"><b><a href="/wiki/Ghiyas-ud-din_Baraq" title="Ghiyas-ud-din Baraq">Baraq Khan</a></b><br />Khan of the Chagatai Khanate<br />1266–1270</td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="6" rowspan="2" style="border:2px solid;padding:0.2em;background-color: #89CFF0;"><b><a href="/wiki/Soyurgatmish" title="Soyurgatmish">Soyurgatmish</a></b><sup id="cite_ref-KhvandMir53_64-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-KhvandMir53-64"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>64<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <br />Khan of the Western Chagatai Khanate<br />1370–1384</td></tr><tr style="height:1px;text-align:center"></tr> <tr style="height:1px;text-align:center"><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td rowspan="2" style="border-right:1px solid;height:2em;width:1em"></td><td style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:1em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:2em"></td><td style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:1em"></td><td rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:1em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td rowspan="2" style="border-right:1px solid;height:2em;width:1em"></td><td rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:1em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td rowspan="2" style="border-right:1px solid;height:2em;width:1em"></td><td rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:1em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td></tr><tr style="height:1px;text-align:center"><td style="height:1em;width:1em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;width:2em"></td><td style="border-right:1px solid;height:1em;width:1em"></td></tr> <tr style="height:1px;text-align:center"><td colspan="6" rowspan="2" style="border:2px solid;padding:0.2em;background-color: #D891EF;"><b><a href="/wiki/Buqa_Tem%C3%BCr" title="Buqa Temür">Buqa Temür</a></b><br />Khan of the Chagatai Khanate<br />1272–1282</td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="6" rowspan="2" style="border:2px solid;padding:0.2em;background-color: #D891EF;"><b><a href="/wiki/Taliqu" title="Taliqu">Taliqu</a></b><br />Khan of the Chagatai Khanate<br />1308–1309</td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="6" rowspan="2" style="border:2px solid;padding:0.2em;background-color: #D891EF;"><b><a href="/wiki/Duwa" title="Duwa">Du'a</a></b><br />Khan of the Chagatai Khanate<br />1282–1307</td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="6" rowspan="2" style="border:2px solid;padding:0.2em;background-color: #89CFF0;"><b><a href="/wiki/Sultan_Mahmud_(Chagatai)" title="Sultan Mahmud (Chagatai)">Sultan Mahmud</a></b><sup id="cite_ref-KhvandMir53_64-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-KhvandMir53-64"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>64<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <br />Khan of the Western Chagatai Khanate<br />1384–1402</td></tr><tr style="height:1px;text-align:center"></tr> <tr style="height:1px;text-align:center"><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td rowspan="2" style="border-right:1px solid;height:2em;width:1em"></td><td rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:1em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td style="height:1em;width:1em"></td><td style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:1em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:2em"></td><td style="border-right:1px solid;border-bottom:1px solid;height:1em;width:1em"></td><td style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:1em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:2em"></td><td style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:1em"></td><td rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:1em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td></tr><tr style="height:1px;text-align:center"><td style="border-right:1px solid;height:1em;width:1em"></td><td style="height:1em;width:1em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;width:2em"></td><td style="border-right:1px solid;height:1em;width:1em"></td><td style="height:1em;width:1em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;width:2em"></td><td style="border-right:1px solid;height:1em;width:1em"></td><td style="height:1em;width:1em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;width:2em"></td><td style="border-right:1px solid;height:1em;width:1em"></td><td style="height:1em;width:1em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;width:2em"></td><td style="border-right:1px solid;height:1em;width:1em"></td><td style="height:1em;width:1em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;width:2em"></td><td style="border-right:1px solid;height:1em;width:1em"></td><td style="height:1em;width:1em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;width:2em"></td><td style="border-right:1px solid;height:1em;width:1em"></td><td style="height:1em;width:1em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;width:2em"></td><td style="border-right:1px solid;height:1em;width:1em"></td></tr> <tr style="height:1px;text-align:center"><td colspan="6" rowspan="2" style="border:2px solid;padding:0.2em">Orüg Temür</td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="6" rowspan="2" style="border:2px solid;padding:0.2em;background-color: #D891EF;"><b><a href="/wiki/Konchek" class="mw-redirect" title="Konchek">Konchek</a></b><br />Khan of the Chagatai Khanate<br />1307–1308</td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="6" rowspan="2" style="border:2px solid;padding:0.2em;background-color: #D891EF;"><b><a href="/wiki/Kebek" title="Kebek">Kebek</a></b><br />Khan of the Chagatai Khanate<br /><i>First Reign</i><br />1309–1310<br /><i>Second Reign</i><br />1318–1325</td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="6" rowspan="2" style="border:2px solid;padding:0.2em;background-color: #D891EF;"><b><a href="/wiki/Eljigidey" title="Eljigidey">Eljigidey</a></b><br />Khan of the Chagatai Khanate<br />1325–1329</td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="6" rowspan="2" style="border:2px solid;padding:0.2em;background-color: #D891EF;"><b><a href="/wiki/Esen_Buqa_I" title="Esen Buqa I">Esen Buqa I</a></b><br />Khan of the Chagatai Khanate<br />1310–1318</td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="6" rowspan="2" style="border:2px solid;padding:0.2em;background-color: #D891EF;"><b><a href="/wiki/Duwa_Tem%C3%BCr" title="Duwa Temür">Du'a Temür</a></b><br />Khan of the Chagatai Khanate<br />1329–1330</td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="6" rowspan="2" style="border:2px solid;padding:0.2em;background-color: #D891EF;"><b><a href="/wiki/Tarmashirin" title="Tarmashirin">Tarmashirin</a></b><br />Khan of the Chagatai Khanate<br />1330–1334</td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="6" rowspan="2" style="border:2px solid;padding:0.2em">Ebugen</td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="6" rowspan="2" style="border:2px solid;padding:0.2em">Surguda</td></tr><tr style="height:1px;text-align:center"></tr> <tr style="height:1px;text-align:center"><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td rowspan="2" style="border-right:1px solid;height:2em;width:1em"></td><td rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:1em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td rowspan="2" style="border-right:1px solid;height:2em;width:1em"></td><td rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:1em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td rowspan="2" style="border-right:1px solid;height:2em;width:1em"></td><td rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:1em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td rowspan="2" style="border-right:1px solid;height:2em;width:1em"></td><td rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:1em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td rowspan="2" style="border-right:1px solid;height:2em;width:1em"></td><td rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:1em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td style="height:1em;width:1em"></td><td style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:1em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:2em"></td><td style="border-right:1px solid;border-bottom:1px solid;height:1em;width:1em"></td><td style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:1em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:2em"></td><td style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:1em"></td><td rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:1em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td rowspan="2" style="border-right:1px solid;height:2em;width:1em"></td><td rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:1em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td></tr><tr style="height:1px;text-align:center"><td style="border-right:1px solid;height:1em;width:1em"></td><td style="height:1em;width:1em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;width:2em"></td><td style="border-right:1px solid;height:1em;width:1em"></td></tr> <tr style="height:1px;text-align:center"><td colspan="6" rowspan="2" style="border:2px solid;padding:0.2em"><a href="/wiki/Yasa%27ur" title="Yasa'ur">Yasa'ur</a></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="6" rowspan="2" style="border:2px solid;padding:0.2em">Pulad</td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="6" rowspan="2" style="border:2px solid;padding:0.2em;background-color: #89CFF0;"><b><a href="/wiki/Khabul_Shah" title="Khabul Shah">Khabul Shah</a></b><br />Khan of the Western Chagatai Khanate<br />1364–1370</td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="6" rowspan="2" style="border:2px solid;padding:0.2em;background-color: #D891EF;"><b><a href="/wiki/Tughlugh_Timur" title="Tughlugh Timur">Tughlugh Timur</a></b><br /> Khan of Moghulistan<br />1347–1363<br />Khan of the Chagatai Khanate<br />1360–1363</td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="6" rowspan="2" style="border:2px solid;padding:0.2em;background-color: #D891EF;"><b><a href="/wiki/Buzan_(Mongol_khan)" title="Buzan (Mongol khan)">Buzan</a></b><br />Khan of the Chagatai Khanate<br />1334–1335</td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="6" rowspan="2" style="border:2px solid;padding:0.2em;background-color: #D891EF;"><b><a href="/wiki/Changshi" title="Changshi">Changshi</a></b> <br />Khan of the Chagatai Khanate<br />1335–1338</td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="6" rowspan="2" style="border:2px solid;padding:0.2em;background-color: #D891EF;"><b><a href="/wiki/Yesun_Temur_(Chagatai_Khanate)" title="Yesun Temur (Chagatai Khanate)">Yesun Temür</a></b> <br />Khan of the Chagatai Khanate<br />1338–1342</td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="6" rowspan="2" style="border:2px solid;padding:0.2em;background-color: #89CFF0;"><b><a href="/wiki/Bayan_Quli" class="mw-redirect" title="Bayan Quli">Bayan Quli</a></b><br />Khan of the Western Chagatai Khanate<br />1348–1358</td></tr><tr style="height:1px;text-align:center"></tr> <tr style="height:1px;text-align:center"><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td rowspan="2" style="border-right:1px solid;height:2em;width:1em"></td><td rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:1em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td rowspan="2" style="border-right:1px solid;height:2em;width:1em"></td><td rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:1em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td style="height:1em;width:1em"></td><td style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:1em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:2em"></td><td style="border-right:1px solid;border-bottom:1px solid;height:1em;width:1em"></td><td style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:1em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:2em"></td><td style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:1em"></td><td rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:1em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td rowspan="2" style="border-right:1px solid;height:2em;width:1em"></td><td rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:1em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td></tr><tr style="height:1px;text-align:center"><td style="border-right:1px solid;height:1em;width:1em"></td><td style="height:1em;width:1em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;width:2em"></td><td style="border-right:1px solid;height:1em;width:1em"></td></tr> <tr style="height:1px;text-align:center"><td colspan="6" rowspan="2" style="border:2px solid;padding:0.2em;background-color: #D891EF;"><b><a href="/wiki/Qazan_Khan_ibn_Yasaur" title="Qazan Khan ibn Yasaur">Qazan Khan</a></b><br />Khan of the Chagatai Khanate<br />1343–1346</td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="6" rowspan="2" style="border:2px solid;padding:0.2em;background-color: #D891EF;"><b><a href="/wiki/Muhammad_I_ibn_Pulad" title="Muhammad I ibn Pulad">Muhammad I</a></b><br />Khan of the Chagatai Khanate<br />1342–1343</td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="6" rowspan="2" style="border:2px solid;padding:0.2em;background-color: #faa;"><b><a href="/wiki/Ilyas_Khoja" title="Ilyas Khoja">Ilyas Khoja</a></b><br /> Khan of Moghulistan<br />1363–1368</td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="6" rowspan="2" style="border:2px solid;padding:0.2em;background-color: #faa;"><b><a href="/wiki/Khizr_Khoja" title="Khizr Khoja">Khizr Khoja</a></b><br />Khan of Moghulistan<br />1389–1399</td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="6" rowspan="2" style="border:2px solid;padding:0.2em;background-color: #89CFF0;"><b><a href="/wiki/Shah_Temur" title="Shah Temur">Shah Temur</a></b><br />Khan of the Western Chagatai Khanate<br />1358</td></tr><tr style="height:1px;text-align:center"></tr> <tr style="height:1px;text-align:center"><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td rowspan="2" style="border-right:1px solid;height:2em;width:1em"></td><td rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:1em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td style="height:1em;width:1em"></td><td style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:1em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:2em"></td><td style="border-right:1px solid;border-bottom:1px solid;height:1em;width:1em"></td><td style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:1em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:2em"></td><td style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:1em"></td><td rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:1em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td></tr><tr style="height:1px;text-align:center"><td style="border-right:1px solid;height:1em;width:1em"></td><td style="height:1em;width:1em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;width:2em"></td><td style="border-right:1px solid;height:1em;width:1em"></td></tr> <tr style="height:1px;text-align:center"><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="6" rowspan="2" style="border:2px solid;padding:0.2em;background-color: #89CFF0;"><b><a href="/wiki/Adil-Sultan" title="Adil-Sultan">Adil Sultan</a></b><br />Khan of the Western Chagatai Khanate<br />1363</td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="6" rowspan="2" style="border:2px solid;padding:0.2em;background-color: #faa;"><b><a href="/wiki/Shams-i-Jahan" title="Shams-i-Jahan">Shams-i-Jahan</a></b><br /> Khan of Moghulistan<br />1399–1408</td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="6" rowspan="2" style="border:2px solid;padding:0.2em;background-color: #faa;"><b><a href="/wiki/Muhammad_Khan_(Khan_of_Moghulistan)" title="Muhammad Khan (Khan of Moghulistan)">Muhammad II</a></b><br />Khan of Moghulistan<br />1408–1415</td></tr><tr style="height:1px;text-align:center"></tr> <tr style="height:1px;text-align:center"><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td rowspan="2" style="border-right:1px solid;height:2em;width:1em"></td><td rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:1em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td rowspan="2" style="border-right:1px solid;height:2em;width:1em"></td><td style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:1em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:2em"></td><td style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:1em"></td><td rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:1em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td></tr><tr style="height:1px;text-align:center"><td style="height:1em;width:1em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;width:2em"></td><td style="border-right:1px solid;height:1em;width:1em"></td></tr> <tr style="height:1px;text-align:center"><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="6" rowspan="2" style="border:2px solid;padding:0.2em;background-color: #faa;"><b><a href="/wiki/Naqsh-i-Jahan" title="Naqsh-i-Jahan">Naqsh-i-Jahan</a></b><br />Khan of Moghulistan<br />1415–1418</td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="6" rowspan="2" style="border:2px solid;padding:0.2em"><a href="/wiki/Shir_Ali_Oglan" title="Shir Ali Oglan">Sher Ali Oghlan</a><sup id="cite_ref-65" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-65"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>65<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="6" rowspan="2" style="border:2px solid;padding:0.2em;background-color: #faa;"><b><a href="/wiki/Sher_Muhammad" title="Sher Muhammad">Sher Muhammad</a></b><br />Khan of Moghulistan<br />1421–1425</td></tr><tr style="height:1px;text-align:center"></tr> <tr style="height:1px;text-align:center"><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td rowspan="2" style="border-right:1px solid;height:2em;width:1em"></td><td rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:1em"></td></tr><tr style="height:1px;text-align:center"></tr> <tr style="height:1px;text-align:center"><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="6" rowspan="2" style="border:2px solid;padding:0.2em;background-color: #faa;"><b><a href="/wiki/Uwais_Khan" title="Uwais Khan">Vais Khan</a></b><br />Khan of Moghulistan<br /><i>First Reign</i><br />1418–1421<br /><i>Second Reign</i><br />1425–1429</td></tr><tr style="height:1px;text-align:center"></tr> <tr style="height:1px;text-align:center"><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td style="height:1em;width:1em"></td><td style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:1em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:2em"></td><td style="border-right:1px solid;border-bottom:1px solid;height:1em;width:1em"></td><td style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:1em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:2em"></td><td style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:1em"></td><td rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:1em"></td></tr><tr style="height:1px;text-align:center"><td style="border-right:1px solid;height:1em;width:1em"></td><td style="height:1em;width:1em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;width:2em"></td><td style="border-right:1px solid;height:1em;width:1em"></td></tr> <tr style="height:1px;text-align:center"><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="6" rowspan="2" style="border:2px solid;padding:0.2em;background-color: #faa;"><b><a href="/wiki/Yunus_Khan" title="Yunus Khan">Yunus Khan</a></b><br />Khan of Eastern Moghulistan<br />1462–1487<br />Khan of Moghulistan<br />1469–1487</td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="6" rowspan="2" style="border:2px solid;padding:0.2em;background-color: #faa;"><b><a href="/wiki/Esen_Buqa_II" title="Esen Buqa II">Esen Buqa II</a></b><br />Khan of Moghulistan<br />1429–1462</td></tr><tr style="height:1px;text-align:center"></tr> <tr style="height:1px;text-align:center"><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td style="height:1em;width:1em"></td><td style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:1em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:2em"></td><td style="border-right:1px solid;border-bottom:1px solid;height:1em;width:1em"></td><td rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:1em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td rowspan="2" style="border-right:1px solid;height:2em;width:1em"></td><td rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:1em"></td></tr><tr style="height:1px;text-align:center"><td style="border-right:1px solid;height:1em;width:1em"></td><td style="height:1em;width:1em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;width:2em"></td><td style="border-right:1px solid;height:1em;width:1em"></td></tr> <tr style="height:1px;text-align:center"><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="6" rowspan="2" style="border:2px solid;padding:0.2em;background-color: #EFBBCC;"><b><a href="/wiki/Ahmad_Alaq" title="Ahmad Alaq">Ahmad Alaq</a></b><br />Khan of <a href="/w/index.php?title=Kyrgyz_Khanate&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kyrgyz Khanate (page does not exist)">Kyrgyz Khanate</a><br />1487–1503</td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="6" rowspan="2" style="border:2px solid;padding:0.2em;background-color: #FFE5B4;"><b><a href="/wiki/Mahmud_Khan_(Moghul_Khan)" title="Mahmud Khan (Moghul Khan)">Mahmud Khan</a></b><br />Khan of the Western Moghulistan<br />1487–1508</td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="6" rowspan="2" style="border:2px solid;padding:0.2em;background-color: #EFBBCC;"><b><a href="/wiki/Dost_Muhammad_(Moghul_Khan)" title="Dost Muhammad (Moghul Khan)">Dost Muhammad</a></b><br />Khan of Uyghuristan<br />1462–1468</td></tr><tr style="height:1px;text-align:center"></tr> <tr style="height:1px;text-align:center"><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td style="height:1em;width:1em"></td><td style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:1em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:2em"></td><td style="border-right:1px solid;border-bottom:1px solid;height:1em;width:1em"></td><td style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:1em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:2em"></td><td style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:1em"></td><td rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:1em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td rowspan="2" style="border-right:1px solid;height:2em;width:1em"></td><td rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:1em"></td></tr><tr style="height:1px;text-align:center"><td style="border-right:1px solid;height:1em;width:1em"></td><td style="height:1em;width:1em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;width:2em"></td><td style="border-right:1px solid;height:1em;width:1em"></td></tr> <tr style="height:1px;text-align:center"><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="6" rowspan="2" style="border:2px solid;padding:0.2em;background-color: #FFE5B4;"><b><a href="/wiki/Sultan_Said_Khan" title="Sultan Said Khan">Sultan Said Khan</a></b><sup id="cite_ref-66" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-66"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>66<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><br />Khan of the Western Moghulistan<br />1514–1533</td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="6" rowspan="2" style="border:2px solid;padding:0.2em;background-color: #faa;"><b><a href="/wiki/Mansur_Khan_(Moghul_Khan)" title="Mansur Khan (Moghul Khan)">Mansur Khan</a></b><br />Khan of Uyghuristan<br />1503–1543<br />Khan of Moghulistan<br />1508–1514</td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="6" rowspan="2" style="border:2px solid;padding:0.2em;background-color: #EFBBCC;"><b><a href="/wiki/Kebek_Sultan" title="Kebek Sultan">Kebek Sultan Oghlan</a></b><br />Khan of Uyghuristan<br />1469</td></tr><tr style="height:1px;text-align:center"></tr> <tr style="height:1px;text-align:center"><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td rowspan="2" style="border-right:1px dashed;height:2em;width:1em"></td><td rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:1em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td rowspan="2" style="border-right:1px solid;height:2em;width:1em"></td><td style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:1em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:2em"></td><td style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:1em"></td><td rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:1em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td></tr><tr style="height:1px;text-align:center"><td style="height:1em;width:1em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;width:2em"></td><td style="border-right:1px solid;height:1em;width:1em"></td></tr> <tr style="height:1px;text-align:center"><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="6" rowspan="2" style="border:2px solid;padding:0.2em"><i><a href="/wiki/Yarkent_Khanate" title="Yarkent Khanate">Khans of Yarkent</a></i></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="6" rowspan="2" style="border:2px solid;padding:0.2em;background-color: #EFBBCC;"><b><a href="/wiki/Shah_Khan" title="Shah Khan">Shah Khan</a></b><br />Khan of Uyghuristan<br />1543–1560</td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="6" rowspan="2" style="border:2px solid;padding:0.2em;background-color: #EFBBCC;"><b><a href="/w/index.php?title=Muhammad_Khan_(died_1570)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Muhammad Khan (died 1570) (page does not exist)">Muhammad Khan</a></b><sup id="cite_ref-67" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-67"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>67<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><br />Khan of Uyghuristan<br />?–1570</td></tr><tr style="height:1px;text-align:center"></tr> </tbody></table> </div> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align: left;"><b>Bibliography:</b> <ul><li><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFBretschneider1888" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Emil_Bretschneider" title="Emil Bretschneider">Bretschneider, Emil</a> (1888). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/medievalresearc00bretgoog/page/n244"><i>Medieval Researches from Eastern Asiatic Sources</i></a>. Vol. II. London: Trübner & Company. pp. 226–36.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Medieval+Researches+from+Eastern+Asiatic+Sources&rft.place=London&rft.pages=226-36&rft.pub=Tr%C3%BCbner+%26+Company&rft.date=1888&rft.aulast=Bretschneider&rft.aufirst=Emil&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fmedievalresearc00bretgoog%2Fpage%2Fn244&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AChagatai+Khanate" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFde_Zambaur1927" class="citation book cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">de Zambaur, Eduard Karl Max (1927). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/in.ernet.dli.2015.358147/page/n265J"><i>Manuel de genealogie et de chronologie pour l'histoire de l'Islam</i></a> (in French). <a href="/wiki/Hanover" title="Hanover">Hanover</a>: Librairie Orientaliste Heinz Lafaire. p. 249.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Manuel+de+genealogie+et+de+chronologie+pour+l%27histoire+de+l%27Islam&rft.place=Hanover&rft.pages=249&rft.pub=Librairie+Orientaliste+Heinz+Lafaire&rft.date=1927&rft.aulast=de+Zambaur&rft.aufirst=Eduard+Karl+Max&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fin.ernet.dli.2015.358147%2Fpage%2Fn265J&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AChagatai+Khanate" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFZhao2008" class="citation book cs1">Zhao, George Qingzhi (2008). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=XnIIbzweN7IC&pg=PA273"><i>Marriage as Political Strategy and Cultural Expression: Mongolian Royal Marriages from World Empire to Yuan Dynasty</i></a>. Peter Lang Publishing. pp. 273–74. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-4331-0275-2" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-4331-0275-2"><bdi>978-1-4331-0275-2</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Marriage+as+Political+Strategy+and+Cultural+Expression%3A+Mongolian+Royal+Marriages+from+World+Empire+to+Yuan+Dynasty&rft.pages=273-74&rft.pub=Peter+Lang+Publishing&rft.date=2008&rft.isbn=978-1-4331-0275-2&rft.aulast=Zhao&rft.aufirst=George+Qingzhi&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DXnIIbzweN7IC%26pg%3DPA273&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AChagatai+Khanate" class="Z3988"></span></li></ul> </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Chagatai_Khanate&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Chagatai_khans" title="List of Chagatai khans">List of Chagatai khans</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Mongol_states" title="List of Mongol states">List of Mongol states</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Division_of_the_Mongol_Empire" title="Division of the Mongol Empire">Division of the Mongol Empire</a></li></ul> <div style="clear:both;" class=""></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Chagatai_Khanate&action=edit&section=15" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Citations">Citations</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Chagatai_Khanate&action=edit&section=16" title="Edit section: Citations"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-New_York_:_McGraw-Hill-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-New_York_:_McGraw-Hill_1-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-New_York_:_McGraw-Hill_1-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBentley2008" class="citation book cs1">Bentley, Jerry H. (2008). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/traditionsencoun0000bent_t4r1/page/471/mode/1up"><i>Traditions & encounters : a global perspective on the past</i></a>. New York : McGraw-Hill. p. 471, map 18.2. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-07-340693-0" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-07-340693-0"><bdi>978-0-07-340693-0</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Traditions+%26+encounters+%3A+a+global+perspective+on+the+past&rft.pages=471%2C+map+18.2&rft.pub=New+York+%3A+McGraw-Hill&rft.date=2008&rft.isbn=978-0-07-340693-0&rft.aulast=Bentley&rft.aufirst=Jerry+H.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Ftraditionsencoun0000bent_t4r1%2Fpage%2F471%2Fmode%2F1up&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AChagatai+Khanate" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBlack1991" class="citation book cs1">Black, Edwin (1991). <i>The Modernization of Inner Asia</i>. M.E. Sharpe. pp. 32–33. <q>The administrative and bureaucratic language of towns and khanates was Persian. Whereas Persian was the dominant literary language of the area, Chagatai shared its distinction by being the only Turkic literary language in Central Asia from the fourteenth to the early twentieth century.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Modernization+of+Inner+Asia&rft.pages=32-33&rft.pub=M.E.+Sharpe&rft.date=1991&rft.aulast=Black&rft.aufirst=Edwin&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AChagatai+Khanate" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Gulácsi2015-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Gulácsi2015_3-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGulácsi2015" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Zsuzsanna_Gul%C3%A1csi" title="Zsuzsanna Gulácsi">Gulácsi, Zsuzsanna</a> (2015). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=rUUpCwAAQBAJ&pg=PA156"><i>Mani's Pictures: The Didactic Images of the Manichaeans from Sasanian Mesopotamia to Uygur Central Asia and Tang-Ming China</i></a>. BRILL. p. 156. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-90-04-30894-7" title="Special:BookSources/978-90-04-30894-7"><bdi>978-90-04-30894-7</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Mani%27s+Pictures%3A+The+Didactic+Images+of+the+Manichaeans+from+Sasanian+Mesopotamia+to+Uygur+Central+Asia+and+Tang-Ming+China&rft.pages=156&rft.pub=BRILL&rft.date=2015&rft.isbn=978-90-04-30894-7&rft.aulast=Gul%C3%A1csi&rft.aufirst=Zsuzsanna&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DrUUpCwAAQBAJ%26pg%3DPA156&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AChagatai+Khanate" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Kim2013-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Kim2013_4-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKim2013" class="citation book cs1">Kim, Hyun Jin (2013). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=fX8YAAAAQBAJ&pg=PA29"><i>The Huns, Rome and the Birth of Europe</i></a>. Cambridge University Press. p. 29. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-107-06722-6" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-107-06722-6"><bdi>978-1-107-06722-6</bdi></a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">20 November</span> 2016</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Huns%2C+Rome+and+the+Birth+of+Europe&rft.pages=29&rft.pub=Cambridge+University+Press&rft.date=2013&rft.isbn=978-1-107-06722-6&rft.aulast=Kim&rft.aufirst=Hyun+Jin&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DfX8YAAAAQBAJ%26pg%3DPA29&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AChagatai+Khanate" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Roemer, p.43</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEBlack199133-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBlack199133_6-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFBlack1991">Black 1991</a>, p. 33.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEGrousset1970328-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEGrousset1970328_7-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEGrousset1970328_7-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFGrousset1970">Grousset 1970</a>, p. 328.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Turchin222-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Turchin222_8-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFTurchinAdamsHall2006" class="citation journal cs1">Turchin, Peter; Adams, Jonathan M.; Hall, Thomas D. (December 2006). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://jwsr.pitt.edu/ojs/index.php/jwsr/article/view/369/381">"East-West Orientation of Historical Empires"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <i>Journal of World-Systems Research</i>. <b>12</b> (2): 222. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/1076-156X">1076-156X</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">20 November</span> 2016</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+World-Systems+Research&rft.atitle=East-West+Orientation+of+Historical+Empires&rft.volume=12&rft.issue=2&rft.pages=222&rft.date=2006-12&rft.issn=1076-156X&rft.aulast=Turchin&rft.aufirst=Peter&rft.au=Adams%2C+Jonathan+M.&rft.au=Hall%2C+Thomas+D.&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fjwsr.pitt.edu%2Fojs%2Findex.php%2Fjwsr%2Farticle%2Fview%2F369%2F381&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AChagatai+Khanate" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Taagepera499-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Taagepera499_9-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFTaagepera1997" class="citation journal cs1"><a href="/wiki/Rein_Taagepera" title="Rein Taagepera">Taagepera, Rein</a> (September 1997). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.escholarship.org/uc/item/3cn68807">"Expansion and Contraction Patterns of Large Polities: Context for Russia"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/International_Studies_Quarterly" title="International Studies Quarterly">International Studies Quarterly</a></i>. <b>41</b> (3): 499. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1111%2F0020-8833.00053">10.1111/0020-8833.00053</a>. <a href="/wiki/JSTOR_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="JSTOR (identifier)">JSTOR</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/2600793">2600793</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=International+Studies+Quarterly&rft.atitle=Expansion+and+Contraction+Patterns+of+Large+Polities%3A+Context+for+Russia&rft.volume=41&rft.issue=3&rft.pages=499&rft.date=1997-09&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1111%2F0020-8833.00053&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2F2600793%23id-name%3DJSTOR&rft.aulast=Taagepera&rft.aufirst=Rein&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.escholarship.org%2Fuc%2Fitem%2F3cn68807&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AChagatai+Khanate" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-10">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFFrederik_Coene2009" class="citation book cs1">Frederik Coene (2009). <span class="id-lock-limited" title="Free access subject to limited trial, subscription normally required"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/caucasusintroduc00coen"><i>The Caucasus - An Introduction</i></a></span>. Routledge. p. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/caucasusintroduc00coen/page/n130">114</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1135203023" title="Special:BookSources/978-1135203023"><bdi>978-1135203023</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Caucasus+-+An+Introduction&rft.pages=114&rft.pub=Routledge&rft.date=2009&rft.isbn=978-1135203023&rft.au=Frederik+Coene&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fcaucasusintroduc00coen&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AChagatai+Khanate" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-BlackDupree2016-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-BlackDupree2016_11-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBlackDupreeEndicott-WestMatuszewski1991" class="citation book cs1">Black, Cyril E.; <a href="/wiki/Louis_Dupree_(professor)" title="Louis Dupree (professor)">Dupree, Louis</a>; Endicott-West, Elizabeth; Matuszewski, Daniel C.; <a href="/wiki/Eden_Naby" title="Eden Naby">Naby, Eden</a>; <a href="/wiki/Arthur_Waldron" title="Arthur Waldron">Waldron, Arthur N.</a> (1991). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=TMoYDQAAQBAJ&pg=PT57"><i>The Modernization of Inner Asia</i></a>. Armonk, N.Y.: M.E. Sharpe. p. 57. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-315-48899-8" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-315-48899-8"><bdi>978-1-315-48899-8</bdi></a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">20 November</span> 2016</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Modernization+of+Inner+Asia&rft.place=Armonk%2C+N.Y.&rft.pages=57&rft.pub=M.E.+Sharpe&rft.date=1991&rft.isbn=978-1-315-48899-8&rft.aulast=Black&rft.aufirst=Cyril+E.&rft.au=Dupree%2C+Louis&rft.au=Endicott-West%2C+Elizabeth&rft.au=Matuszewski%2C+Daniel+C.&rft.au=Naby%2C+Eden&rft.au=Waldron%2C+Arthur+N.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DTMoYDQAAQBAJ%26pg%3DPT57&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AChagatai+Khanate" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-UpshurTerry2011-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-UpshurTerry2011_12-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFUpshurTerryHolokaCassar2011" class="citation book cs1">Upshur, Jiu-Hwa L.; Terry, Janice J.; Holoka, Jim; Cassar, George H.; Goff, Richard D. (2011). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=6RgJAAAAQBAJ&pg=PA433"><i>Cengage Advantage Books: World History</i></a> (5th ed.). Cengage Learning. p. 433. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-133-38707-7" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-133-38707-7"><bdi>978-1-133-38707-7</bdi></a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">20 November</span> 2016</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Cengage+Advantage+Books%3A+World+History&rft.pages=433&rft.edition=5th&rft.pub=Cengage+Learning&rft.date=2011&rft.isbn=978-1-133-38707-7&rft.aulast=Upshur&rft.aufirst=Jiu-Hwa+L.&rft.au=Terry%2C+Janice+J.&rft.au=Holoka%2C+Jim&rft.au=Cassar%2C+George+H.&rft.au=Goff%2C+Richard+D.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D6RgJAAAAQBAJ%26pg%3DPA433&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AChagatai+Khanate" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-13">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Alternative spellings of <i>Chagatai</i> include <i>Chagata</i>, <i>Chugta</i>, <i>Chagta</i>, <i>Djagatai</i>, <i>Jagatai</i>, <i>Chaghtai</i> etc.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-14">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">See Barnes, Parekh and Hudson, p. 87; Barraclough, p. 127; <i>Historical Maps on File</i>, p. 2.27; and LACMA for differing versions of the boundaries of the khanate.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-15">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Dai Matsui – A Mongolian Decree from the Chaghataid Khanate Discovered at Dunhuang. Aspects of Research into Central Asian Buddhism, 2008, pp. 159–178</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEMatsui2009111-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMatsui2009111_16-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFMatsui2009">Matsui 2009</a>, p. 111.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEMatsui2009114–115-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMatsui2009114–115_17-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFMatsui2009">Matsui 2009</a>, pp. 114–115.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEMatsui2009115-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMatsui2009115_18-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFMatsui2009">Matsui 2009</a>, p. 115.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEMatsui2009116-19"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMatsui2009116_19-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFMatsui2009">Matsui 2009</a>, p. 116.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-20"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-20">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation book cs1"><i>The Diez albums: contexts and contents</i>. Leiden ; Boston: Brill. 2017. p. 262. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-90-04-32155-7" title="Special:BookSources/978-90-04-32155-7"><bdi>978-90-04-32155-7</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Diez+albums%3A+contexts+and+contents&rft.place=Leiden+%3B+Boston&rft.pages=262&rft.pub=Brill&rft.date=2017&rft.isbn=978-90-04-32155-7&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AChagatai+Khanate" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEGrousset1970329-21"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEGrousset1970329_21-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEGrousset1970329_21-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEGrousset1970329_21-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEGrousset1970329_21-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFGrousset1970">Grousset 1970</a>, p. 329.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEGrousset1970331-22"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEGrousset1970331_22-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFGrousset1970">Grousset 1970</a>, p. 331.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEGrousset1970332-23"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEGrousset1970332_23-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEGrousset1970332_23-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFGrousset1970">Grousset 1970</a>, p. 332.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEGrousset1970334-24"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEGrousset1970334_24-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFGrousset1970">Grousset 1970</a>, p. 334.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEBiran199730–32-25"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBiran199730–32_25-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFBiran1997">Biran 1997</a>, pp. 30–32.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEGrousset1970335-26"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEGrousset1970335_26-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFGrousset1970">Grousset 1970</a>, p. 335.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEGrousset1970339-27"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEGrousset1970339_27-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFGrousset1970">Grousset 1970</a>, p. 339.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEGrousset1970336-28"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEGrousset1970336_28-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFGrousset1970">Grousset 1970</a>, p. 336.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-29"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-29">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBentley2008" class="citation book cs1">Bentley, Jerry H. (2008). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/traditionsencoun0000bent_t4r1/page/471/mode/1up"><i>Traditions & encounters : a global perspective on the past</i></a>. New York : McGraw-Hill. p. 471, map 18.2. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-07-340693-0" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-07-340693-0"><bdi>978-0-07-340693-0</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Traditions+%26+encounters+%3A+a+global+perspective+on+the+past&rft.pages=471%2C+map+18.2&rft.pub=New+York+%3A+McGraw-Hill&rft.date=2008&rft.isbn=978-0-07-340693-0&rft.aulast=Bentley&rft.aufirst=Jerry+H.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Ftraditionsencoun0000bent_t4r1%2Fpage%2F471%2Fmode%2F1up&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AChagatai+Khanate" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEGrousset1970340-30"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEGrousset1970340_30-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFGrousset1970">Grousset 1970</a>, p. 340.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-RP-31"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-RP_31-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-RP_31-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-RP_31-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPrazniak2019" class="citation book cs1">Prazniak, Roxann (31 March 2019). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=mVnGDwAAQBAJ&pg=PA98"><i>Sudden Appearances: The Mongol Turn in Commerce, Belief, and Art</i></a>. University of Hawaii Press. p. 98. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-8248-7808-5" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-8248-7808-5"><bdi>978-0-8248-7808-5</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Sudden+Appearances%3A+The+Mongol+Turn+in+Commerce%2C+Belief%2C+and+Art&rft.pages=98&rft.pub=University+of+Hawaii+Press&rft.date=2019-03-31&rft.isbn=978-0-8248-7808-5&rft.aulast=Prazniak&rft.aufirst=Roxann&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DmVnGDwAAQBAJ%26pg%3DPA98&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AChagatai+Khanate" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-32"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-32">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCamps2000" class="citation book cs1">Camps, Arnulf (15 February 2000). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=h-HzDQAAQBAJ&pg=PA187"><i>Studies in Asian Mission History, 1956-1998</i></a>. BRILL. p. 187. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-90-474-0031-8" title="Special:BookSources/978-90-474-0031-8"><bdi>978-90-474-0031-8</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Studies+in+Asian+Mission+History%2C+1956-1998&rft.pages=187&rft.pub=BRILL&rft.date=2000-02-15&rft.isbn=978-90-474-0031-8&rft.aulast=Camps&rft.aufirst=Arnulf&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3Dh-HzDQAAQBAJ%26pg%3DPA187&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AChagatai+Khanate" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-33"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-33">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation book cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=v94EagQ1YXgC&pg=PA421"><i>Journal asiatique</i></a> (in French). Société asiatique. 1896. p. 421.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Journal+asiatique&rft.pages=421&rft.pub=Soci%C3%A9t%C3%A9+asiatique&rft.date=1896&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3Dv94EagQ1YXgC%26pg%3DPA421&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AChagatai+Khanate" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEGrousset1970341–2-34"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEGrousset1970341–2_34-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFGrousset1970">Grousset 1970</a>, pp. 341–2.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-REM151-35"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-REM151_35-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-REM151_35-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMack2002" class="citation book cs1">Mack, Rosamond E. (2002). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=09sA4SNG2dYC&pg=PA151"><i>Bazaar to Piazza: Islamic Trade and Italian Art, 1300-1600</i></a>. University of California Press. p. 151. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-520-22131-4" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-520-22131-4"><bdi>978-0-520-22131-4</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Bazaar+to+Piazza%3A+Islamic+Trade+and+Italian+Art%2C+1300-1600&rft.pages=151&rft.pub=University+of+California+Press&rft.date=2002&rft.isbn=978-0-520-22131-4&rft.aulast=Mack&rft.aufirst=Rosamond+E.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D09sA4SNG2dYC%26pg%3DPA151&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AChagatai+Khanate" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEGrousset1970341–343-36"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEGrousset1970341–343_36-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFGrousset1970">Grousset 1970</a>, pp. 341–343.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEGrousset1970416-37"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEGrousset1970416_37-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFGrousset1970">Grousset 1970</a>, p. 416.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEGrousset1970409-410-38"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEGrousset1970409-410_38-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFGrousset1970">Grousset 1970</a>, p. 409-410.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEGrousset1970343-346-39"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEGrousset1970343-346_39-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFGrousset1970">Grousset 1970</a>, p. 343-346.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEGrousset1970411-416-40"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEGrousset1970411-416_40-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFGrousset1970">Grousset 1970</a>, p. 411-416.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-41"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-41">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFO'Kane2004" class="citation journal cs1">O'Kane, Bernard (2004). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/1523362">"Chaghatai Architecture and the Tomb of Tughluq Temür at Almaliq"</a>. <i>Muqarnas</i>. <b>21</b>: 277–287. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1163%2F22118993-90000072">10.1163/22118993-90000072</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0732-2992">0732-2992</a>. <a href="/wiki/JSTOR_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="JSTOR (identifier)">JSTOR</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/1523362">1523362</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Muqarnas&rft.atitle=Chaghatai+Architecture+and+the+Tomb+of+Tughluq+Tem%C3%BCr+at+Almaliq&rft.volume=21&rft.pages=277-287&rft.date=2004&rft.issn=0732-2992&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2F1523362%23id-name%3DJSTOR&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1163%2F22118993-90000072&rft.aulast=O%27Kane&rft.aufirst=Bernard&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2F1523362&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AChagatai+Khanate" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-42"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-42">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><i>Açi senyoreya lo rey Chabech, seynior qui es dit del imperi de Medeia. Aquest esta en Emalech.</i> in <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBuchon2011" class="citation book cs1">Buchon, Jean Alexandre (2011). <a class="external text" href="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/3/33/Notices_et_extraits_des_manuscrits_de_la_Biblioth%C3%A8que_du_Roi_-_Vol._XIV%2C_no_1_%281839%29.pdf"><i>Notice D'un Atlas En Langue Catalane, Manuscrit de L'An 1375 Conservé Parmi Les Manuscrits de La Bibliothèque Royale Sous Le Numéro 6816, Fonds Ancien</i></a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. p. 135. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1271741458" title="Special:BookSources/978-1271741458"><bdi>978-1271741458</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Notice+D%27un+Atlas+En+Langue+Catalane%2C+Manuscrit+de+L%27An+1375+Conserv%C3%A9+Parmi+Les+Manuscrits+de+La+Biblioth%C3%A8que+Royale+Sous+Le+Num%C3%A9ro+6816%2C+Fonds+Ancien&rft.pages=135&rft.date=2011&rft.isbn=978-1271741458&rft.aulast=Buchon&rft.aufirst=Jean+Alexandre&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fupload.wikimedia.org%2Fwikipedia%2Fcommons%2F3%2F33%2FNotices_et_extraits_des_manuscrits_de_la_Biblioth%25C3%25A8que_du_Roi_-_Vol._XIV%252C_no_1_%25281839%2529.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AChagatai+Khanate" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-43"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-43">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMassing1991" class="citation book cs1">Massing, Jean Michel (1 January 1991). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=wMK-Ba0-RG4C&pg=PA30"><i>Circa 1492: Art in the Age of Exploration</i></a>. Yale University Press. p. 30. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-300-05167-4" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-300-05167-4"><bdi>978-0-300-05167-4</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Circa+1492%3A+Art+in+the+Age+of+Exploration&rft.pages=30&rft.pub=Yale+University+Press&rft.date=1991-01-01&rft.isbn=978-0-300-05167-4&rft.aulast=Massing&rft.aufirst=Jean+Michel&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DwMK-Ba0-RG4C%26pg%3DPA30&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AChagatai+Khanate" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-44"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-44">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.cresquesproject.net/catalan-atlas-legends/panel-vi">"The Cresques Project - Panel VI"</a>. <i>www.cresquesproject.net</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.cresquesproject.net&rft.atitle=The+Cresques+Project+-+Panel+VI&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.cresquesproject.net%2Fcatalan-atlas-legends%2Fpanel-vi&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AChagatai+Khanate" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEGrousset1970412-45"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEGrousset1970412_45-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFGrousset1970">Grousset 1970</a>, p. 412.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEGrousset1970422-426-46"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEGrousset1970422-426_46-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFGrousset1970">Grousset 1970</a>, p. 422-426.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEGrousset1970491-492-47"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEGrousset1970491-492_47-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFGrousset1970">Grousset 1970</a>, p. 491-492.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEGrousset1970492-493-48"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEGrousset1970492-493_48-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFGrousset1970">Grousset 1970</a>, p. 492-493.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEGrousset1970495-49"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEGrousset1970495_49-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFGrousset1970">Grousset 1970</a>, p. 495.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEGrousset1970496-50"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEGrousset1970496_50-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEGrousset1970496_50-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFGrousset1970">Grousset 1970</a>, p. 496.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEGrousset1970497-499-51"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEGrousset1970497-499_51-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFGrousset1970">Grousset 1970</a>, p. 497-499.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEAdle2003185-52"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEAdle2003185_52-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFAdle2003">Adle 2003</a>, p. 185.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEGrousset1970501-53"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEGrousset1970501_53-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFGrousset1970">Grousset 1970</a>, p. 501.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEAdle2003193-54"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEAdle2003193_54-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFAdle2003">Adle 2003</a>, p. 193.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEGrousset1970495-496-55"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEGrousset1970495-496_55-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFGrousset1970">Grousset 1970</a>, p. 495-496.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-56"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-56">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLach1965" class="citation book cs1">Lach, Donald F. (Donald Frederick) (1965). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/asiainmakingofeu0003lach_w4t0-c1/page/n237/mode/2up"><i>Asia in the making of Europe</i></a>. Chicago : University of Chicago Press. p. 238. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-226-46733-7" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-226-46733-7"><bdi>978-0-226-46733-7</bdi></a>. <q>We can find no other record of a Mughul embassy of 1656 to Pekin (...) Nieuhof's report of a Mughul embassy to Peking was taken at face value by C. B. K. Roa Sahib, "Shah Jehan's Embassy to China, 1656 a.d.," Quarterly Journal of the Mythic Society, Silver Jubilee Number XXV (1934-35), 117-21. By examination of the Chinese sources, Luciano Petech concluded that Nieuhof was mistaken in this identification. He argues, quite convincingly, that these were probably emissaries from Turfan in central Asia. See Petech, "La pretesa ambascita di Shah Jahan alia Cina," Rivista degli studi orientali, XXVI (1951), 124-27.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Asia+in+the+making+of+Europe&rft.pages=238&rft.pub=Chicago+%3A+University+of+Chicago+Press&rft.date=1965&rft.isbn=978-0-226-46733-7&rft.aulast=Lach&rft.aufirst=Donald+F.+%28Donald+Frederick%29&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fasiainmakingofeu0003lach_w4t0-c1%2Fpage%2Fn237%2Fmode%2F2up&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AChagatai+Khanate" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-57"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-57">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFNieuhof1668" class="citation book cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Nieuhof, Johan (1668). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/Legatio-Batavica-ad-magnum-Tartariae-Chamum-Sungteium-modernum-Sinae-imperatorem-PHAIDRA_o_360495/page/153/mode/1up"><i>Legatio Batavica ad Magnum Tartariae Chamum Sungteium...</i></a> [<i>The Dutch Embassy to Ijishun Dasan the Great Khan of Tartary...</i>] (in Latin). Translated by <a href="/wiki/Georgius_Hornius" title="Georgius Hornius">Georg Horn</a>. Amsterdam: <a href="/wiki/Jacob_van_Meurs" title="Jacob van Meurs">Jacob van Meurs</a>. p. 153.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Legatio+Batavica+ad+Magnum+Tartariae+Chamum+Sungteium...&rft.place=Amsterdam&rft.pages=153&rft.pub=Jacob+van+Meurs&rft.date=1668&rft.aulast=Nieuhof&rft.aufirst=Johan&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2FLegatio-Batavica-ad-magnum-Tartariae-Chamum-Sungteium-modernum-Sinae-imperatorem-PHAIDRA_o_360495%2Fpage%2F153%2Fmode%2F1up&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AChagatai+Khanate" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEGrousset1970497-58"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEGrousset1970497_58-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFGrousset1970">Grousset 1970</a>, p. 497.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEGrousset1970[httpsarchiveorgdetailsempireofsteppes00groupage498mode2up_499]-59"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEGrousset1970[httpsarchiveorgdetailsempireofsteppes00groupage498mode2up_499]_59-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFGrousset1970">Grousset 1970</a>, p. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/empireofsteppes00grou/page/498/mode/2up">499</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-60"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-60">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAmiot1776" class="citation book cs1">Amiot, Joseph Marie (1776). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/mmoiresconcerna03sacygoog/page/14/mode/2up"><i>Mémoires concernant l'histoire, les sciences, les arts, les mœurs, les usages, &c. des Chinois</i></a>. Paris : Nyon. pp. 15–16.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=M%C3%A9moires+concernant+l%27histoire%2C+les+sciences%2C+les+arts%2C+les+m%C5%93urs%2C+les+usages%2C+%26c.+des+Chinois&rft.pages=15-16&rft.pub=Paris+%3A+Nyon&rft.date=1776&rft.aulast=Amiot&rft.aufirst=Joseph+Marie&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fmmoiresconcerna03sacygoog%2Fpage%2F14%2Fmode%2F2up&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AChagatai+Khanate" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEGrousset1970327-61"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEGrousset1970327_61-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFGrousset1970">Grousset 1970</a>, p. 327.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-62"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-62">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKhvand_Mir1994" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Muhammad_Khwandamir" class="mw-redirect" title="Muhammad Khwandamir">Khvand Mir</a> (1994). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=dZIPAQAAMAAJ"><i>Habibü's-siyer: Moğol ve Türk hâkimiyeti</i></a>. Translated by <a href="/wiki/Wheeler_Thackston" title="Wheeler Thackston">Wheeler Thackston</a>. Department of Near Eastern Languages and Civilizations, Harvard University. p. 412.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Habib%C3%BC%27s-siyer%3A+Mo%C4%9Fol+ve+T%C3%BCrk+h%C3%A2kimiyeti&rft.pages=412&rft.pub=Department+of+Near+Eastern+Languages+and+Civilizations%2C+Harvard+University&rft.date=1994&rft.au=Khvand+Mir&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DdZIPAQAAMAAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AChagatai+Khanate" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-63"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-63">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFYule1866" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Henry_Yule" title="Henry Yule">Yule, Henry</a> (1866). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=8lYJAAAAQAAJ&pg=PA188"><i>Cathay and the Way Thither: Being a Collection of Medieval Notices of China</i></a>. Hakluyt Society. p. 188.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Cathay+and+the+Way+Thither%3A+Being+a+Collection+of+Medieval+Notices+of+China&rft.pages=188&rft.pub=Hakluyt+Society&rft.date=1866&rft.aulast=Yule&rft.aufirst=Henry&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D8lYJAAAAQAAJ%26pg%3DPA188&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AChagatai+Khanate" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-KhvandMir53-64"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-KhvandMir53_64-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-KhvandMir53_64-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFKhvand_Mir1994">Khvand Mir (1994</a>, p. 53)</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-65"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-65">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFThackston2001" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Wheeler_Thackston" title="Wheeler Thackston">Thackston, Wheeler</a> (2001). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=_9d3KJnY2TgC&pg=PA54"><i>Album Prefaces and Other Documents on the History of Calligraphers and Painters</i></a>. BRILL. p. 54. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/90-04-11961-2" title="Special:BookSources/90-04-11961-2"><bdi>90-04-11961-2</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Album+Prefaces+and+Other+Documents+on+the+History+of+Calligraphers+and+Painters&rft.pages=54&rft.pub=BRILL&rft.date=2001&rft.isbn=90-04-11961-2&rft.aulast=Thackston&rft.aufirst=Wheeler&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D_9d3KJnY2TgC%26pg%3DPA54&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AChagatai+Khanate" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-66"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-66">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDughlat2008" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Mirza_Muhammad_Haidar_Dughlat" title="Mirza Muhammad Haidar Dughlat">Dughlat, Mirza Muhammad Haidar</a> (2008) [1895]. N. Elilias (ed.). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=1pkeWqq7pdgC&pg=PA130"><i>A History of the Moghuls of Central Asia: The Tarikh-i-Rashidi</i></a>. Translated by <a href="/wiki/Edward_Denison_Ross" title="Edward Denison Ross">Edward Denison Ross</a>. <a href="/wiki/New_York_City" title="New York City">New York</a>: Cosimo Classics. p. 130. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-60520-150-4" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-60520-150-4"><bdi>978-1-60520-150-4</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=A+History+of+the+Moghuls+of+Central+Asia%3A+The+Tarikh-i-Rashidi&rft.place=New+York&rft.pages=130&rft.pub=Cosimo+Classics&rft.date=2008&rft.isbn=978-1-60520-150-4&rft.aulast=Dughlat&rft.aufirst=Mirza+Muhammad+Haidar&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D1pkeWqq7pdgC%26pg%3DPA130&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AChagatai+Khanate" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-67"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-67">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFDughlat2008">Dughlat (2008</a>, p. 129)</span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Sources">Sources</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Chagatai_Khanate&action=edit&section=17" title="Edit section: Sources"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239549316">.mw-parser-output .refbegin{margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul{margin-left:0}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul>li{margin-left:0;padding-left:3.2em;text-indent:-3.2em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents ul,.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents ul li{list-style:none}@media(max-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul>li{padding-left:1.6em;text-indent:-1.6em}}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns ul{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .refbegin{font-size:90%}}</style><div class="refbegin" style=""> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAdle2003" class="citation cs2">Adle, Chahryar (2003), <i>History of Civilizations of Central Asia</i>, vol. 5</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=History+of+Civilizations+of+Central+Asia&rft.date=2003&rft.aulast=Adle&rft.aufirst=Chahryar&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AChagatai+Khanate" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAllsen1994" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Thomas_T._Allsen" title="Thomas T. Allsen">Allsen, Thomas</a> (1994). "The rise of the Mongolian empire and Mongolian rule in north China". In Denis C. Twitchett; <a href="/wiki/Herbert_Franke_(sinologist)" title="Herbert Franke (sinologist)">Herbert Franke</a>; John King Fairbank (eds.). <i>The Cambridge History of China: Volume 6, Alien Regimes and Border States, 710–1368</i>. Cambridge University Press. pp. 321–413. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-521-24331-5" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-521-24331-5"><bdi>978-0-521-24331-5</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=The+rise+of+the+Mongolian+empire+and+Mongolian+rule+in+north+China&rft.btitle=The+Cambridge+History+of+China%3A+Volume+6%2C+Alien+Regimes+and+Border+States%2C+710%E2%80%931368&rft.pages=321-413&rft.pub=Cambridge+University+Press&rft.date=1994&rft.isbn=978-0-521-24331-5&rft.aulast=Allsen&rft.aufirst=Thomas&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AChagatai+Khanate" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAtwood2004" class="citation book cs1">Atwood, Christopher P. (2004). <i>Encyclopedia of Mongolia and the Mongol Empire</i>. Facts On File.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Encyclopedia+of+Mongolia+and+the+Mongol+Empire&rft.pub=Facts+On+File&rft.date=2004&rft.aulast=Atwood&rft.aufirst=Christopher+P.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AChagatai+Khanate" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li>Barnes, Ian, Bhikhu Parekh and Robert Hudson. <i>The History Atlas of Asia.</i> Macmillan, p. 87. Macmillan, 1998. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-02-862581-1" title="Special:BookSources/0-02-862581-1">0-02-862581-1</a></li> <li>Barraclough, Geoffrey. <i>The Times Atlas of World History</i>. 4th Ed. Hammond World Atlas Corporation, 1993. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-7230-0534-6" title="Special:BookSources/0-7230-0534-6">0-7230-0534-6</a>.</li> <li>Barthold, W. "Caghatai-Khan." <i>The Encyclopedia of Islam, Volume 2</i>. New Ed. Leiden: E. J. Brill, 1965.</li> <li>---. "Dughlat." <i>The Encyclopedia of Islam, Volume 2.</i> (New Ed.) Leiden, South Holland: E. J. Brill, 1965.</li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBiran1997" class="citation book cs1">Biran, Michal (1997). <i>Qaidu and the Rise of the Independent Mongol State in Central Asia</i>. Surrey: Curzon. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-7007-0631-3" title="Special:BookSources/0-7007-0631-3"><bdi>0-7007-0631-3</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Qaidu+and+the+Rise+of+the+Independent+Mongol+State+in+Central+Asia&rft.place=Surrey&rft.pub=Curzon&rft.date=1997&rft.isbn=0-7007-0631-3&rft.aulast=Biran&rft.aufirst=Michal&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AChagatai+Khanate" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li>"<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20050211100417/http://www.ucalgary.ca/applied_history/tutor/islam/mongols/chagatai.html">The Chagatai Khanate</a>". <i>The Islamic World to 1600</i>. 1998. The Applied History Research Group, University of Calgary. Retrieved 19 May 2005.</li> <li>Elias, N. Commentary. <i>The Tarikh-i-Rashidi (A History of the Moghuls of Central Asia)</i>. By Mirza Muhammad Haidar. Translated by Edward Denison Ross, edited by N. Elias. London, 1895.</li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGrousset1970" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Ren%C3%A9_Grousset" title="René Grousset">Grousset, René</a> (1970). <span class="id-lock-registration" title="Free registration required"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/empireofsteppes00grou"><i>The Empire of the Steppes: A History of Central Asia</i></a></span>. New Brunswick, NJ: Rutgers University Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-8135-1304-1" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-8135-1304-1"><bdi>978-0-8135-1304-1</bdi></a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">20 November</span> 2016</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Empire+of+the+Steppes%3A+A+History+of+Central+Asia&rft.place=New+Brunswick%2C+NJ&rft.pub=Rutgers+University+Press&rft.date=1970&rft.isbn=978-0-8135-1304-1&rft.aulast=Grousset&rft.aufirst=Ren%C3%A9&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fempireofsteppes00grou&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AChagatai+Khanate" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li>Karpat, Kemal H. "The Ottoman Rule in Europe From the Perspective of 1994." <i>Turkey Between East and West</i>. Ed. <a href="/wiki/Vojtech_Mastny_(historian)" title="Vojtech Mastny (historian)">Vojtech Mastny</a> and R. Craig Nation. Boulder, CO: Westview Press, 1996. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-8133-2420-3" title="Special:BookSources/0-8133-2420-3">0-8133-2420-3</a>.</li> <li>Kim, Hodong. "The Early History of the Moghul Nomads: The Legacy of the Chaghatai Khanate." <i>The Mongol Empire and Its Legacy.</i> Ed. Reuven Amitai-Preiss and David Morgan. Leiden: Brill, 1998. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/90-04-11048-8" title="Special:BookSources/90-04-11048-8">90-04-11048-8</a></li> <li>Manz, Beatrice Forbes. <i>The Rise and Rule of Tamerlane.</i> Cambridge University Press: Cambridge, 1989. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-521-63384-2" title="Special:BookSources/0-521-63384-2">0-521-63384-2</a></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMatsui2009" class="citation book cs1">Matsui, Dai（松井太） (2009). "Dumdadu Mongγol Ulus, The Middle Mongolian Empire". In Rybatzki, Volker; Pozzi, Alessandra; Geier, Peter W.; Krueger, John R. (eds.). <i>The Early Mongols: Language, Culture and History: Studies in Honor of Igor de Rachewiltz on the Occasion of His 80th Birthday</i>. Bloomington, Indiana University. pp. 111–119.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Dumdadu+Mong%CE%B3ol+Ulus%2C+The+Middle+Mongolian+Empire&rft.btitle=The+Early+Mongols%3A+Language%2C+Culture+and+History%3A+Studies+in+Honor+of+Igor+de+Rachewiltz+on+the+Occasion+of+His+80th+Birthday&rft.pages=111-119&rft.pub=Bloomington%2C+Indiana+University&rft.date=2009&rft.aulast=Matsui&rft.aufirst=Dai%EF%BC%88%E6%9D%BE%E4%BA%95%E5%A4%AA%EF%BC%89&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AChagatai+Khanate" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li>"<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20161110111219/http://www.lacma.org/khan/map.htm">Map of the Mongol Empire</a>". <i>LACMA.org</i>. 2003. Los Angeles County Museum of Art. Retrieved 8 July 2008.</li> <li>Mirza Muhammad Haidar. <i>The Tarikh-i-Rashidi (A History of the Moghuls of Central Asia)</i>. Translated by Edward Denison Ross, edited by N.Elias. London, 1895.</li> <li>"Mongol Invasions of Russia, 12th–13th Centuries". Map. <i>Historical Maps on File: Ringbound</i>. 2nd Ed. Facts on File, 2002. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-8160-4600-X" title="Special:BookSources/0-8160-4600-X">0-8160-4600-X</a>.</li> <li>Pachkalov, Alexander. Archaeological Sources: The Chaghadaid Khanate. In The Cambridge History of the Mongol Empire. Edited by Michal Biran, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Hodong Kim, Seoul National University. Cambridge University Press, 2023. Vol. II. 464-473 pp.</li> <li>Roemer, H. R. "Timur in Iran." <i>The Cambridge History of Iran, Volume 6: The Timurid and Safavid Periods</i>. Ed. Peter Jackson and Lawrence Lockhart. London: Cambridge University Press, 1986. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-521-20094-6" title="Special:BookSources/0-521-20094-6">0-521-20094-6</a>.</li> <li>Xinjiang: China's Muslim Borderland, S. Frederick Starr</li> <li><i><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=jCpncXFzoFgC&pg=PA29">The Huns, Rome and the Birth of Europe</a></i>, p. 29, at <a href="/wiki/Google_Books" title="Google Books">Google Books</a></li></ul> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Chagatai_Khanate&action=edit&section=18" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Commons-logo.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/12px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="12" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/18px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, 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href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Chagatai_Khanate" title="Template:Chagatai Khanate"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Chagatai_Khanate" title="Template talk:Chagatai Khanate"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Chagatai_Khanate" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Chagatai Khanate"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Chagatai_Khanate_(List_of_khans)" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Chagatai Khanate</a> (<a href="/wiki/List_of_Chagatai_khans" title="List of Chagatai khans">List of khans</a>)</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0;background:transparent;color:inherit;"><div style="padding:0px"><table class="navbox-columns-table" style="border-spacing: 0px; text-align:left;width:100%;"><tbody><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" style="font-weight:bold;">Whole</td><td class="navbox-abovebelow" style="border-left:2px solid #fdfdfd;font-weight:bold;">Western (<a href="/wiki/Transoxiana" title="Transoxiana">Transoxiana</a>)</td><td class="navbox-abovebelow" style="border-left:2px solid #fdfdfd;font-weight:bold;">Eastern (<a href="/wiki/Moghulistan" title="Moghulistan">Moghulistan</a>)</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td class="navbox-list" style="padding:0px;text-align: center;width:33%;"><div> <p><a href="/wiki/Chagatai_Khan" title="Chagatai Khan">Chagatai Khan</a> (1226–1242)<br /> <a href="/wiki/Qara_H%C3%BCl%C3%ABg%C3%BC" class="mw-redirect" title="Qara Hülëgü">Qara Hülëgü</a> (1st. 1242–1246)<br /> <a href="/wiki/Yes%C3%BC_M%C3%B6ngke" title="Yesü Möngke">Yesü Möngke</a> (1246–1252)<br /> Qara Hülëgü (2nd. 1252)<br /> <b><a href="/wiki/Orghana" title="Orghana">Orghana</a></b> (regent) <a href="/wiki/Mubarak_Shah_(Chagatai_Khan)" title="Mubarak Shah (Chagatai Khan)">Mubarak Shah</a> (1st. 1252–1260)<br /> <a href="/wiki/Alghu" title="Alghu">Alghu</a> (1260–1266)<br /> Mubarak Shah (2nd. 1266)<br /> <a href="/wiki/Ghiyas-ud-din_Baraq" title="Ghiyas-ud-din Baraq">Ghiyas-ud-din Baraq</a> (1266–1270)<br /> <b><a href="/wiki/Kaidu" title="Kaidu">Kaidu</a></b> (de facto ruler) <a href="/wiki/Neg%C3%BCbei" title="Negübei">Negübei</a> (1270–1272)<br /> <b>Kaidu</b> (de facto ruler) <a href="/wiki/Buqa_Tem%C3%BCr" title="Buqa Temür">Buqa Temür</a> (127?–1282)<br /> <b>Kaidu</b> and <b>Chapar</b> (de facto rulers) <a href="/wiki/Duwa" title="Duwa">Duwa</a> (1282–1306)<br /> Duwa (1306-1307)<br /> <a href="/wiki/K%C3%B6nchek" title="Könchek">Könchek</a> (1307–1308)<br /> <a href="/wiki/Taliqu" title="Taliqu">Taliqu</a> (1308–1309)<br /> <a href="/wiki/Kebek" title="Kebek">Kebek</a> (1st. 1309–1310)<br /> <a href="/wiki/Esen_Buqa_I" title="Esen Buqa I">Esen Buqa I</a> (1310–1318)<br /> Kebek (2nd. 1318–1325)<br /> <a href="/wiki/Eljigidey" title="Eljigidey">Eljigidey</a> (1325–1329)<br /> <a href="/wiki/Duwa_Tem%C3%BCr" title="Duwa Temür">Duwa Temür</a> (1329–1330)<br /> <a href="/wiki/Tarmashirin" title="Tarmashirin">Tarmashirin</a> (1331–1334)<br /> <a href="/wiki/Buzan_(Mongol_khan)" title="Buzan (Mongol khan)">Buzan</a> (1334–1335)<br /> <a href="/wiki/Changshi" title="Changshi">Changshi</a> (1335–1338)<br /> <a href="/wiki/Yesun_Temur_(Chagatai_Khanate)" title="Yesun Temur (Chagatai Khanate)">Yesun Temur</a> (1338–1342)<br /> <a href="/wiki/%27Ali-Sultan" title="'Ali-Sultan">'Ali-Sultan</a> (1342)<br /> <a href="/wiki/Muhammad_I_ibn_Pulad" title="Muhammad I ibn Pulad">Muhammad I ibn Pulad</a> (1342–1343)<br /> <a href="/wiki/Qazan_Khan_ibn_Yasaur" title="Qazan Khan ibn Yasaur">Qazan Khan ibn Yasaur</a> (1343–1346)<br /> <b><a href="/wiki/Amir_Qazaghan" title="Amir Qazaghan">Amir Qazaghan</a></b> (de facto ruler) <a href="/wiki/Danishmendji" title="Danishmendji">Danishmendji</a> (1346–1348)<br /> </p> <ul><li><i>Split into Western and Eastern Khanates</i></li></ul> </div></td><td class="navbox-list" style="border-left:2px solid #fdfdfd;padding:0px;text-align: center;width:33%;"><div> <p><b><a href="/wiki/Amir_Qazaghan" title="Amir Qazaghan">Amir Qazaghan</a></b> and <b><a href="/wiki/Abdullah_(Chagatai_Khanate)" title="Abdullah (Chagatai Khanate)">Abdullah</a></b> (de facto rulers) <a href="/wiki/Bayan_Qul%C3%AF" title="Bayan Qulï">Bayan Qulï</a> (1348–1358)<br /> <b>Abdullah</b> (de facto ruler) <a href="/wiki/Shah_Temur" title="Shah Temur">Shah Temur</a> (1358)<br /> <a href="/wiki/Tughlugh_Timur" title="Tughlugh Timur">Tughlugh Timur</a> (1360–1363)<br /> <b>Amir Husayn</b> and <b><a href="/wiki/Timur" title="Timur">Timur</a></b> (de facto rulers) <a href="/wiki/Adil-Sultan" title="Adil-Sultan">Adil-Sultan</a> (1363)<br /> <b>Amir Husayn</b> (de facto ruler) <a href="/wiki/Khabul_Shah" title="Khabul Shah">Khabul Shah</a> (1364–1370)<br /> <b>Timur</b> (de facto ruler) <a href="/wiki/Suurgatmish" class="mw-redirect" title="Suurgatmish">Suurgatmish</a> (1370–1384)<br /> <b>Timur</b> (de facto ruler) <a href="/wiki/Sultan_Mahmud_(Chagatai)" title="Sultan Mahmud (Chagatai)">Sultan Mahmud</a> (1384–1402)<br /> </p> <ul><li><i>Annexed by the <a href="/wiki/Timurid_Empire" title="Timurid Empire">Timurid Empire</a></i></li></ul> </div></td><td class="navbox-list" style="border-left:2px solid #fdfdfd;padding:0px;text-align: center;width:33%;"><div> <p><a href="/wiki/Tughlugh_Timur" title="Tughlugh Timur">Tughlugh Timur</a> (1347–1363)<br /> <a href="/wiki/Ilyas_Khoja" title="Ilyas Khoja">Ilyas Khoja</a> (1363–1368)<br /> <a href="/wiki/Qamar-ud-din_Khan_Dughlat" title="Qamar-ud-din Khan Dughlat">Qamar-ud-din Khan Dughlat</a> (1368–1392)<br /> <a href="/wiki/Khizr_Khoja" title="Khizr Khoja">Khizr Khoja</a> (1389–1399)<br /> <a href="/wiki/Shams-i-Jahan" title="Shams-i-Jahan">Shams-i-Jahan</a> (1399–1408)<br /> <a href="/wiki/Muhammad_Khan_(Khan_of_Moghulistan)" title="Muhammad Khan (Khan of Moghulistan)">Muhammad Khan</a> (1408–1415)<br /> <a href="/wiki/Naqsh-i-Jahan" title="Naqsh-i-Jahan">Naqsh-i-Jahan</a> (1415–1418)<br /> <a href="/wiki/Uwais_Khan" title="Uwais Khan">Uwais Khan</a> (1st. 1418–1421)<br /> <a href="/wiki/Sher_Muhammad" title="Sher Muhammad">Sher Muhammad</a> (1421–1425)<br /> Uwais Khan (2nd. 1425–1429)<br /> <a href="/wiki/Satuq_Khan" title="Satuq Khan">Satuq Khan</a> (1429–1434)<br /> <a href="/wiki/Esen_Buqa_II" title="Esen Buqa II">Esen Buqa II</a> (1429–1462)<br /> <a href="/wiki/Dost_Muhammad_(Moghul_Khan)" title="Dost Muhammad (Moghul Khan)">Dost Muhammad</a> (1462–1468)<br /> <a href="/wiki/Kebek_Sultan" title="Kebek Sultan">Kebek Sultan</a> (1469–1472)<br /> <a href="/wiki/Yunus_Khan" title="Yunus Khan">Yunus Khan</a> (1456–1487)<br /> </p> <ul><li><i>Split into Western and Eastern Khanates. See also:</i></li></ul> <dl><dd><i><a href="/wiki/List_of_khans_of_the_Yarkent_and_Turpan_khanates" title="List of khans of the Yarkent and Turpan khanates">List of khans of the Yarkent and Turpan khanates</a></i></dd></dl> </div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0;background:transparent;color:inherit;"><div style="padding:0px"><table class="navbox-columns-table" style="border-spacing: 0px; text-align:left;width:100%;"><tbody><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" style="font-weight:bold;">Western (<a href="/wiki/Yarkent_Khanate" title="Yarkent Khanate">Yarkent Khanate</a>)</td><td class="navbox-abovebelow" style="border-left:2px solid #fdfdfd;font-weight:bold;">Eastern (<a href="/wiki/Turpan_Khanate" title="Turpan Khanate">Turpan Khanate</a>)</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td class="navbox-list" style="padding:0px;width:50%;"><div> <p><a href="/wiki/Mahmud_Khan_(Moghul_Khan)" title="Mahmud Khan (Moghul Khan)">Mahmud Khan</a> (1487–1508)<br /> <a href="/wiki/Mansur_Khan_(Moghul_Khan)" title="Mansur Khan (Moghul Khan)">Mansur Khan</a> (1508–1514)<br /> <a href="/wiki/Sultan_Said_Khan" title="Sultan Said Khan">Sultan Said Khan</a> (1514–1533)<br /> <a href="/wiki/Abdurashid_Khan" title="Abdurashid Khan">Abdurashid Khan</a> (1533–1560)<br /> <a href="/wiki/Abdul_Karim_Khan_(Yarkand)" title="Abdul Karim Khan (Yarkand)">Abdul Karim Khan</a> (1560-1591)<br /> <a href="/wiki/Muhammad_Sultan" title="Muhammad Sultan">Muhammad Sultan</a> (1591–1610)<br /> <a href="/wiki/Shudja_ad_Din_Ahmad_Khan" title="Shudja ad Din Ahmad Khan">Shudja ad Din Ahmad Khan</a> (1610-1618)<br /> Abd al-Latif (Afak) Khan (1618–1630)<br /> Sultan Ahmad Khan (Pulat Khan) (1630-1633)<br /> Mahmud Sultan (Qilich Khan) (1633–1636)<br /> Sultan Ahmad Khan (Pulat Khan) (1636-1638)<br /> <a href="/wiki/Abdallah_(Moghul_Khan)" title="Abdallah (Moghul Khan)">Abdallah</a> (1638–1669)<br /> Nur ad-Din Sultan (1667-1668)<br /> <a href="/wiki/Ismail_Khan_(Moghul_khan)" title="Ismail Khan (Moghul khan)">Ismail Khan</a> (1st. 1669)<br /> YuIbars Khan (1669–1670)<br /> Ismail Khan (2nd. 1670-1678)<br /> <a href="/wiki/Abd_ar-Rashid_Khan_II" title="Abd ar-Rashid Khan II">Abd ar-Rashid Khan II</a> (1678–1680)<br /> <a href="/wiki/Afaq_Khoja" title="Afaq Khoja">Afaq Khoja</a> (1680–1690)<br /> Muhammad Imin Khan (1690-1692)<br /> Yahiya Khoja (1692–1695)<br /> <a href="/wiki/Akbash_Khan" title="Akbash Khan">Akbash Khan</a> (1695-1705)<br /> </p> <ul><li><i>Annexed by the <a href="/wiki/Dzungar_Khanate" title="Dzungar Khanate">Dzungar Khanate</a></i></li></ul> </div></td><td class="navbox-list" style="border-left:2px solid #fdfdfd;padding:0px;width:50%;"><div> <p><a href="/wiki/Ahmad_Alaq" title="Ahmad Alaq">Ahmad Alaq</a> (1487–1503)<br /> <a href="/wiki/Mansur_Khan_(Moghul_Khan)" title="Mansur Khan (Moghul Khan)">Mansur Khan</a> (1503–1548)<br /> <a href="/wiki/Shah_Khan" title="Shah Khan">Shah Khan</a> (1543–1560)<br /> Muhammad Khan ibn Mansur Khan (1570)<br /> <a href="/wiki/Koraish_Sultan" title="Koraish Sultan">Koraish Sultan</a> (1570–1588)<br /> <a href="/wiki/Muhammad_Sultan" title="Muhammad Sultan">Muhammad Sultan</a> (1588–1591)<br /> Abduraim Khan (1591-1636)<br /> Abu'l Muhammad Khan (1636-1653)<br /> Ibrahim Sultan (1653–1655)<br /> Sultan Said Baba Khan (1655–1680)<br /> </p> <ul><li><i>Annexed by the <a href="/wiki/Yarkent_Khanate" title="Yarkent Khanate">Yarkent Khanate</a> and then the <a href="/wiki/Dzungar_Khanate" title="Dzungar Khanate">Dzungar Khanate</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Mongol_Empire" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Mongol_Empire" title="Template:Mongol Empire"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Mongol_Empire" title="Template talk:Mongol Empire"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Mongol_Empire" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Mongol Empire"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Mongol_Empire" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Mongol_Empire" title="Mongol Empire">Mongol Empire</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Terminology" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Terminology</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Mongolian_nobility" title="Mongolian nobility">Titles</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Khagan" title="Khagan">Khagan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Khan_(title)" title="Khan (title)">Khan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Khatun" title="Khatun">Khatun</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Khanum" title="Khanum">Khanum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jinong" title="Jinong">Jinong</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Khong_Tayiji" title="Khong Tayiji">Khong Tayiji</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Noyan" title="Noyan">Noyan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tarkhan" title="Tarkhan">Tarkhan</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><div class="hlist"><ul><li>Political</li><li>Military</li></ul></div></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Jarlig" title="Jarlig">Jarlig</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yam_(route)" title="Yam (route)">Örtöö</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Orda_(organization)" title="Orda (organization)">Orda</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Pax_Mongolica" title="Pax Mongolica">Pax Mongolica</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yassa" title="Yassa">Yassa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kurultai" title="Kurultai">Kurultai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paiza" title="Paiza">Paiza / Gerege</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Manghud" title="Manghud">Manghit / Mangudai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tumen_(unit)" title="Tumen (unit)">Tümen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kheshig" title="Kheshig">Kheshig</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Darughachi" title="Darughachi">Darughachi</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="PoliticsOrganizationLife" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><div class="hlist"><ul><li>Politics</li><li>Organization</li><li>Life</li></ul></div></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Topics</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Political_divisions_and_vassals_of_the_Mongol_Empire" title="Political divisions and vassals of the Mongol Empire">Administrative divisions and vassals</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tug_(banner)" title="Tug (banner)">Banner/Bunchuk/Tug</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mongol_invasions_and_conquests" title="Mongol invasions and conquests">Invasions and conquests</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Destruction_under_the_Mongol_Empire" title="Destruction under the Mongol Empire">Destructiveness</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Imperial_Seal_of_the_Mongols" title="Imperial Seal of the Mongols">Imperial Seal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Military_of_the_Mongol_Empire" title="Military of the Mongol Empire">Military</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_the_Mongol_Empire" title="Religion in the Mongol Empire">Religion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Society_of_the_Mongol_Empire" title="Society of the Mongol Empire">Society and economy</a></li></ul> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Borjigin" title="Borjigin">House of Borjigin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/House_of_%C3%96gedei" title="House of Ögedei">House of Ögedei</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mongol_Armenia" title="Mongol Armenia">Mongol Armenia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Byzantine%E2%80%93Mongol_Alliance" title="Byzantine–Mongol Alliance">Byzantine–Mongol Alliance</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Franco-Mongol_alliance" title="Franco-Mongol alliance">Franco-Mongol alliance</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lists_of_battles_of_the_Mongol_invasion_of_Europe" title="Lists of battles of the Mongol invasion of Europe">Lists of battles of the Mongol invasion of Europe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_battles_of_the_Mongol_invasion_of_Kievan_Rus%27" title="List of battles of the Mongol invasion of Kievan Rus'">List of battles of the Mongol invasion of Kievan Rus'</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/List_of_Mongol_states" title="List of Mongol states">Khanates</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Yuan_dynasty" title="Yuan dynasty">Yuan dynasty</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Northern_Yuan" title="Northern Yuan">Northern Yuan</a></li></ul></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Chagatai Khanate</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/House_of_%C3%96gedei" title="House of Ögedei">House of Ögedei</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Golden_Horde" title="Golden Horde">Golden Horde</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Wings_of_the_Golden_Horde" title="Wings of the Golden Horde">Wings</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ilkhanate" title="Ilkhanate">Ilkhanate</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Major cities</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Almaliq,_Xinjiang" title="Almaliq, Xinjiang">Almalik</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Avarga" title="Avarga">Avarga</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Azov" title="Azov">Azov (Azaq)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bukhara" title="Bukhara">Bukhara</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bolghar" title="Bolghar">Bolghar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Karakorum" title="Karakorum">Karakorum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Khanbaliq" title="Khanbaliq">Dadu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Majar_(Golden_Horde)" title="Majar (Golden Horde)">Majar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maragheh" title="Maragheh">Maragheh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Qarshi" title="Qarshi">Qarshi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Samarkand" title="Samarkand">Samarkand</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sarai_(city)" title="Sarai (city)">Sarai Batu/Berke</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saray-J%C3%BCk" title="Saray-Jük">Saray-Jük</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shangdu" title="Shangdu">Shangdu (Xanadu)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Soltaniyeh" title="Soltaniyeh">Soltaniyeh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tabriz" title="Tabriz">Tabriz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ukek" title="Ukek">Ukek</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Xacitarxan" title="Xacitarxan">Xacitarxan</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="CampaignsBattles" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><div class="hlist"><ul><li>Campaigns</li><li>Battles</li></ul></div></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th id="Asia" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Asia</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Mongol_invasion_of_Central_Asia" class="mw-redirect" title="Mongol invasion of Central Asia">Central</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Mongol_campaigns_in_Siberia" title="Mongol campaigns in Siberia">Siberia <span style="font-size:85%;">(1207-1308)</span></a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Mongol_invasions_of_Sakhalin" title="Mongol invasions of Sakhalin">Sakhalin <span style="font-size:85%;">(1264–1308)</span></a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mongol_conquest_of_the_Qara_Khitai" title="Mongol conquest of the Qara Khitai">Qara Khitai <span style="font-size:85%;">(1216–18)</span></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mongol_invasion_of_the_Khwarazmian_Empire" title="Mongol invasion of the Khwarazmian Empire">Khwarazmian Empire <span style="font-size:85%;">(1219–1221)</span></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mongol_invasion_of_Persia_and_Mesopotamia" title="Mongol invasion of Persia and Mesopotamia">Persia <span style="font-size:85%;">(1219–1256)</span></a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Mongol_invasions_and_conquests#East_Asia" title="Mongol invasions and conquests">East</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Mongol_conquest_of_Western_Xia" title="Mongol conquest of Western Xia"><span class="wrap">Western Xia <span style="font-size:85%;">(1205 / 1207 / 1209–10 / 1225–27)</span></span></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mongol_conquest_of_the_Jin_dynasty" title="Mongol conquest of the Jin dynasty">Northern China <span style="font-size:85%;">(1211–34)</span></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mongol_invasions_of_Korea" title="Mongol invasions of Korea">Korea <span style="font-size:85%;">(1231–60)</span></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mongol_conquest_of_the_Song_dynasty" title="Mongol conquest of the Song dynasty">Southern China <span style="font-size:85%;">(1235–79)</span></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mongol_invasions_of_Tibet" title="Mongol invasions of Tibet"><span class="wrap">Tibet <span style="font-size:85%;">(1236 / 1240 / 1252)</span></span></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mongol_conquest_of_China#Conquest_of_Yunnan" title="Mongol conquest of China">Yunnan <span style="font-size:85%;">(1253–56)</span></a></li></ul> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Mongol_invasions_of_Japan" title="Mongol invasions of Japan">Japan <span style="font-size:85%;">(1274 / 1281)</span></a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Mongol_invasions_and_conquests#Southeast_Asian_and_Korean_vassals" title="Mongol invasions and conquests">Southeast</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/First_Mongol_invasion_of_Burma" title="First Mongol invasion of Burma"><span class="wrap">Burma <span style="font-size:85%;">(1277 / 1283 / 1287)</span></span></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mongol_invasion_of_Java" title="Mongol invasion of Java">Java <span style="font-size:85%;">(1293)</span></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mongol_invasions_of_Vietnam" title="Mongol invasions of Vietnam">Vietnam <span style="font-size:85%;">(1257 / 1284–88)</span></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Second_Mongol_invasion_of_Burma" title="Second Mongol invasion of Burma">Burma <span style="font-size:85%;">(1300–02)</span></a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;font-weight:normal;">South</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Mongol_invasions_of_India" title="Mongol invasions of India">India <span style="font-size:85%;">(1221–1327)</span></a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Mongol_invasion_of_Europe" title="Mongol invasion of Europe">Europe</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Mongol_invasions_of_Georgia" title="Mongol invasions of Georgia"><span class="wrap">Georgia <span style="font-size:85%;">(1220–22 / 1226–31 / 1237–64)</span></span></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mongol_invasion_of_Circassia" title="Mongol invasion of Circassia">Circassia <span style="font-size:85%;">(1237–1300s)</span></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mongol_invasions_of_Durdzuketi" title="Mongol invasions of Durdzuketi">Chechnya <span style="font-size:85%;">(1237–1300s)</span></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mongol_invasion_of_Volga_Bulgaria" title="Mongol invasion of Volga Bulgaria">Volga Bulgaria <span style="font-size:85%;">(1229–36)</span></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mongol_invasion_of_Alania" title="Mongol invasion of Alania">Alania <span style="font-size:85%;">(1238–1239)</span></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mongol_invasion_of_Kievan_Rus%27" title="Mongol invasion of Kievan Rus'">Kievan Rus' <span style="font-size:85%;">(1223 / 1236–40)</span></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/First_Mongol_invasion_of_Poland" title="First Mongol invasion of Poland">Poland and Bohemia <span style="font-size:85%;">(1240–41)</span></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/First_Mongol_invasion_of_Hungary" title="First Mongol invasion of Hungary">Hungary <span style="font-size:85%;">(1241–42)</span></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mongol_incursions_in_the_Holy_Roman_Empire" title="Mongol incursions in the Holy Roman Empire">Holy Roman Empire <span style="font-size:85%;">(1241–42)</span></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mongol_invasion_of_Bulgaria_and_Serbia" title="Mongol invasion of Bulgaria and Serbia">Serbia and Bulgaria <span style="font-size:85%;">(1242)</span></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mongol_invasion_of_the_Latin_Empire" title="Mongol invasion of the Latin Empire">Latin Empire <span style="font-size:85%;">(1242)</span></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mongol_invasions_of_Lithuania" title="Mongol invasions of Lithuania">Lithuania <span style="font-size:85%;">(1258–59)</span></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Second_Mongol_invasion_of_Poland" title="Second Mongol invasion of Poland">Poland <span style="font-size:85%;">(1259–60)</span></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mongol_invasion_of_Byzantine_Thrace" title="Mongol invasion of Byzantine Thrace">Thrace <span style="font-size:85%;">(1264–65)</span></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Second_Mongol_invasion_of_Hungary" title="Second Mongol invasion of Hungary">Hungary <span style="font-size:85%;">(1285–86)</span></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Third_Mongol_invasion_of_Poland" title="Third Mongol invasion of Poland">Poland <span style="font-size:85%;">(1287–88)</span></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Serbian_conflict_with_the_Nogai_Horde" title="Serbian conflict with the Nogai Horde">Serbia <span style="font-size:85%;">(1291)</span></a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Middle East</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Mongol_conquest_of_Anatolia" title="Mongol conquest of Anatolia">Anatolia <span style="font-size:85%;">(1241–43)</span></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mongol_campaign_against_the_Nizaris" title="Mongol campaign against the Nizaris">Alamut <span style="font-size:85%;">(1253–1256)</span></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Siege_of_Baghdad" title="Siege of Baghdad">Baghdad <span style="font-size:85%;">(1258)</span></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mongol_invasions_of_the_Levant" title="Mongol invasions of the Levant">Syria <span style="font-size:85%;">(1260–1323)</span></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mongol_raids_into_Palestine" title="Mongol raids into Palestine">Palestine <span style="font-size:85%;">(1260 / 1301)</span></a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Civil wars</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Division_of_the_Mongol_Empire" title="Division of the Mongol Empire">Division of the Mongol Empire</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Toluid_Civil_War" title="Toluid Civil War">Toluid Civil War <span style="font-size:85%;">(1260–64)</span></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Berke%E2%80%93Hulagu_war" title="Berke–Hulagu war">Berke–Hulagu war <span style="font-size:85%;">(1262)</span></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kaidu%E2%80%93Kublai_war" title="Kaidu–Kublai war">Kaidu–Kublai war <span style="font-size:85%;">(1268–1301)</span></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Esen_Buqa%E2%80%93Ayurbarwada_war" title="Esen Buqa–Ayurbarwada war">Esen Buqa–Ayurbarwada war <span style="font-size:85%;">(1314–1318)</span></a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="People" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">People</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/List_of_Mongol_rulers" title="List of Mongol rulers">Great Khans</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Genghis_Khan" title="Genghis Khan">Genghis Khan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tolui" title="Tolui">Tolui <span style="font-size:85%;">(regent)</span></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%C3%96gedei_Khan" title="Ögedei Khan">Ögedei Khan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/T%C3%B6regene_Khatun" title="Töregene Khatun">Töregene Khatun <span style="font-size:85%;">(regent)</span></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/G%C3%BCy%C3%BCk_Khan" title="Güyük Khan">Güyük Khan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oghul_Qaimish" title="Oghul Qaimish">Oghul Qaimish <span style="font-size:85%;">(regent)</span></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/M%C3%B6ngke_Khan" title="Möngke Khan">Möngke Khan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kublai_Khan" title="Kublai Khan">Kublai Khan</a> (<a href="/wiki/List_of_Yuan_emperors" class="mw-redirect" title="List of Yuan emperors">Khagans of the Yuan</a>)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Khans</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Jochi" title="Jochi">Jochi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Batu_Khan" title="Batu Khan">Batu Khan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sartaq_Khan" title="Sartaq Khan">Sartaq Khan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Orda_Khan" title="Orda Khan">Orda Khan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Berke" title="Berke">Berke</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Toqta" title="Toqta">Toqta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%C3%96zbeg_Khan" title="Özbeg Khan">Özbeg Khan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chagatai_Khan" title="Chagatai Khan">Chagatai Khan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Duwa" title="Duwa">Duwa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kebek" title="Kebek">Kebek</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hulegu_Khan" title="Hulegu Khan">Hulegu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abaqa_Khan" title="Abaqa Khan">Abaqa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arghun" title="Arghun">Arghun</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ghazan" title="Ghazan">Ghazan</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Military</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Subutai" title="Subutai">Subutai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jebe" title="Jebe">Jebe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Muqali" title="Muqali">Muqali</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Negudar" title="Negudar">Negudar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bo%27orchu" title="Bo'orchu">Bo'orchu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Guo_Kan" title="Guo Kan">Guo Kan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Boroqul" title="Boroqul">Boroqul</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jelme" title="Jelme">Jelme</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Khubilai_Noyon&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Khubilai Noyon (page does not exist)">Khubilai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aju" title="Aju">Aju</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bayan_of_the_Baarin" title="Bayan of the Baarin">Bayan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kadan" title="Kadan">Kadan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Boroldai" title="Boroldai">Boroldai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nogai_Khan" title="Nogai Khan">Nogai Khan</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_the_Mongol_Empire" title="Timeline of the Mongol Empire">Timeline of the Mongol Empire</a></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Historical_polities_in_Xinjiang" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Historical_polities_in_Xinjiang" title="Template:Historical polities in Xinjiang"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Template_talk:Historical_polities_in_Xinjiang&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Template talk:Historical polities in Xinjiang (page does not exist)"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Historical_polities_in_Xinjiang" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Historical polities in Xinjiang"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Historical_polities_in_Xinjiang" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Historical polities in Xinjiang</div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align:center;">Pre-Mongol Empire</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Wusun" title="Wusun">Wusun</a> (5th century BC–5th century AD)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shule_Kingdom" title="Shule Kingdom">Shule Kingdom</a> (200 BC-709 AD)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Loulan_Kingdom" title="Loulan Kingdom">Loulan Kingdom</a> (?–77 BC)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Protectorate_of_the_Western_Regions" title="Protectorate of the Western Regions">Protectorate of the Western Regions</a> (60 BC–107)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jushi_Kingdom" title="Jushi Kingdom">Jushi Kingdom</a> (?-460)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shanshan" title="Shanshan">Shanshan</a> (77 BC–630)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gaochang" title="Gaochang">Gaochang</a> (460-640)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kucha" title="Kucha">Kucha</a> (?–789)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Karasahr" title="Karasahr">Yanqi</a> (?–9th century)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Khotan" title="Kingdom of Khotan">Kingdom of Khotan</a> (?–1006)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Protectorate_General_to_Pacify_the_West" title="Protectorate General to Pacify the West">Protectorate General to Pacify the West</a> (640-790)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kara-Khanid_Khanate" title="Kara-Khanid Khanate">Kara-Khanid Khanate</a> (840–1212)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Qocho" title="Qocho">Qocho</a> (843–1209)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Qara_Khitai" title="Qara Khitai">Qara Khitai</a> (1124–1218)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align:center;">Mongol</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Chagatai Khanate</a> (1225–1370)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Moghulistan" title="Moghulistan">Moghulistan</a> (1347–1680s)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kara_Del" title="Kara Del">Kara Del</a> (1389–1513)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Turpan_Khanate" title="Turpan Khanate">Turpan Khanate</a> (1487-1660?)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yarkent_Khanate" title="Yarkent Khanate">Yarkent Khanate</a> (1514–1705)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dzungar_Khanate" title="Dzungar Khanate">Dzungar Khanate</a> (1634–1758)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kumul_Khanate" title="Kumul Khanate">Kumul Khanate</a> (1696–1930)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align:center;">Modern</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Xinjiang_under_Qing_rule" title="Xinjiang under Qing rule">Xinjiang under Qing rule</a> (1757-1912)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Xinjiang_Province,_Republic_of_China" title="Xinjiang Province, Republic of China">Xinjiang (ROC)</a> (1912-1992)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Xinjiang_Uygur_Autonomous_Region" class="mw-redirect" title="Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region">Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region</a> (1949-)</li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Empires" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Empires" title="Template:Empires"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Empires" title="Template talk:Empires"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Empires" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Empires"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Empires" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Empire" title="Empire">Empires</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Ancient_history" title="Ancient history">Ancient</a><br />(<a href="/wiki/Colonies_in_antiquity" title="Colonies in antiquity">colonies</a>)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist F" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Akkadian_Empire" title="Akkadian Empire">Akkadian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Armenia_(disambiguation)" class="mw-redirect mw-disambig" title="Kingdom of Armenia (disambiguation)">Armenian</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Urartu" title="Urartu">Urartu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Satrapy_of_Armenia" title="Satrapy of Armenia">Orontid</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Armenia_(antiquity)" title="Kingdom of Armenia (antiquity)">Ancient</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Assyria" title="Assyria">Assyrian</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Middle_Assyrian_Empire" title="Middle Assyrian Empire">Middle Assyrian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Neo-Assyrian_Empire" title="Neo-Assyrian Empire">Neo-Assyrian</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Babylonia" title="Babylonia">Babylonian</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Old_Babylonian_Empire" title="Old Babylonian Empire">Old Babylonian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kassites" title="Kassites">Kassite</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Neo-Babylonian_Empire" title="Neo-Babylonian Empire">Neo-Babylonian</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chinese_Empire" title="Chinese Empire">Chinese</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Qin_dynasty" title="Qin dynasty">Qin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Han_dynasty" title="Han dynasty">Han</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jin_dynasty_(266%E2%80%93420)" title="Jin dynasty (266–420)">Jin</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/D%CA%BFmt" title="Dʿmt">Dʿmt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ancient_Egypt" title="Ancient Egypt">Egyptian</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Old_Kingdom_of_Egypt" title="Old Kingdom of Egypt">Old Kingdom</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Middle_Kingdom_of_Egypt" title="Middle Kingdom of Egypt">Middle Kingdom</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_Kingdom_of_Egypt" title="New Kingdom of Egypt">New Kingdom</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Goguryeo" title="Goguryeo">Goguryeo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Harsha" title="Harsha">Harsha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hellenistic_period" title="Hellenistic period">Hellenistic</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Macedonia_(ancient_kingdom)#Empire" title="Macedonia (ancient kingdom)">Macedonian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Seleucid_Empire" title="Seleucid Empire">Seleucid</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ptolemaic_Kingdom" title="Ptolemaic Kingdom">Ptolemaic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Greco-Bactrian_Kingdom" title="Greco-Bactrian Kingdom">Bactrian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indo-Greek_Kingdom" title="Indo-Greek Kingdom">Indo-Greek</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hittites" title="Hittites">Hittite</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_the_Huns" title="History of the Huns">Hunnic</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Hephthalites" title="Hephthalites">White</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Xiongnu" title="Xiongnu">Xiongnu</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Persian_Empire_(disambiguation)" class="mw-disambig" title="Persian Empire (disambiguation)">Iranian</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Median_kingdom" title="Median kingdom">Median</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Achaemenid_Empire" title="Achaemenid Empire">Achaemenid</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Parthian_Empire" title="Parthian Empire">Parthian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sasanian_Empire" title="Sasanian Empire">Sasanian</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Kush" title="Kingdom of Kush">Kush</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kushan_Empire" title="Kushan Empire">Kushan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Magadhan_Empire" title="Magadhan Empire">Magadha</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Haryanka_dynasty" title="Haryanka dynasty">Haryanka</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shaishunaga_dynasty" title="Shaishunaga dynasty">Shaishunaga</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nanda_Empire" class="mw-redirect" title="Nanda Empire">Nanda</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maurya_Empire" title="Maurya Empire">Maurya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shunga_Empire" title="Shunga Empire">Shunga</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gupta_Empire" title="Gupta Empire">Gupta</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Phoenicia" title="Phoenicia">Phoenician</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ancient_Carthage" title="Ancient Carthage">Carthaginian</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roman_Empire" title="Roman Empire">Roman</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Western_Roman_Empire" title="Western Roman Empire">Western</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Byzantine_Empire" title="Byzantine Empire">Eastern</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Satavahana_dynasty" title="Satavahana dynasty">Satavahana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Third_Dynasty_of_Ur" title="Third Dynasty of Ur">Neo-Sumerian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Xianbei" title="Xianbei">Xianbei</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Rouran_Khaganate" title="Rouran Khaganate">Rouran</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Post-classical_history" title="Post-classical history">Post-classical</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist F" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Angevin_Empire" title="Angevin Empire">Angevin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Crown_of_Aragon" title="Crown of Aragon">Aragonese</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Armenia_(disambiguation)" class="mw-redirect mw-disambig" title="Kingdom of Armenia (disambiguation)">Armenian</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bagratid_Armenia" title="Bagratid Armenia">Bagratid</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Vaspurakan" title="Kingdom of Vaspurakan">Vaspurakan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Artsakh" title="Kingdom of Artsakh">Artsakh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Armenian_Kingdom_of_Cilicia" title="Armenian Kingdom of Cilicia">Cilician</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zakarid_Armenia" title="Zakarid Armenia">Zakarid</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ayyubid_dynasty" title="Ayyubid dynasty">Ayyubid</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aztec_Empire" title="Aztec Empire">Aztec</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Benin" title="Kingdom of Benin">Benin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kanem%E2%80%93Bornu_Empire#Shift_of_the_Sayfuwa_court_from_Kanem_to_Bornu" title="Kanem–Bornu Empire">Bornu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bruneian_Sultanate_(1368%E2%80%931888)" title="Bruneian Sultanate (1368–1888)">Bruneian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bulgarian_Empire_(disambiguation)" class="mw-redirect mw-disambig" title="Bulgarian Empire (disambiguation)">Bulgarian</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/First_Bulgarian_Empire" title="First Bulgarian Empire">First</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Second_Bulgarian_Empire" title="Second Bulgarian Empire">Second</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Burmese_Empire_(disambiguation)" class="mw-redirect mw-disambig" title="Burmese Empire (disambiguation)">Burmese</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Pagan_Kingdom" class="mw-redirect" title="Pagan Kingdom">First</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Calakmul" title="Calakmul">Calakmul</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Caliphate" title="Caliphate">Caliphate</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Rashidun_Caliphate" title="Rashidun Caliphate">Rashidun</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Umayyad_Caliphate" title="Umayyad Caliphate">Umayyad</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abbasid_Caliphate" title="Abbasid Caliphate">Abbasid</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fatimid_Caliphate" title="Fatimid Caliphate">Fatimid</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chalukya_dynasty" title="Chalukya dynasty">Chalukya</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Western_Chalukya_Empire" title="Western Chalukya Empire">Western</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eastern_Chalukyas" title="Eastern Chalukyas">Eastern</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chinese_Empire" title="Chinese Empire">Chinese</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Sui_dynasty" title="Sui dynasty">Sui</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tang_dynasty" title="Tang dynasty">Tang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Liao_dynasty" title="Liao dynasty">Liao</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Song_dynasty" title="Song dynasty">Song</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jin_dynasty_(1115%E2%80%931234)" title="Jin dynasty (1115–1234)">Jīn</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yuan_dynasty" title="Yuan dynasty">Yuan</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chola_Empire" title="Chola Empire">Chola</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ethiopian_Empire" title="Ethiopian Empire">Ethiopian</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Aksum" title="Kingdom of Aksum">Aksum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zagwe_dynasty" title="Zagwe dynasty">Zagwe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ethiopian_Empire" title="Ethiopian Empire">Solomonic</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Republic_of_Genoa" title="Republic of Genoa">Genoese</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Georgia" title="Kingdom of Georgia">Georgian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Garabito_Empire" title="Garabito Empire">Huetar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Inca_Empire" title="Inca Empire">Inca</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tripartite_Struggle" title="Tripartite Struggle">Kannauj</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Pala_Empire" title="Pala Empire">Pala</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gurjara-Pratihara_dynasty" class="mw-redirect" title="Gurjara-Pratihara dynasty">Gurjara-Pratihara</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rashtrakuta_Empire" class="mw-redirect" title="Rashtrakuta Empire">Rashtrakuta</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Persian_Empire_(disambiguation)" class="mw-disambig" title="Persian Empire (disambiguation)">Iranian</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Tahirid_dynasty" title="Tahirid dynasty">Tahirid</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saffarid_dynasty" title="Saffarid dynasty">Saffarid</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Samanid_Empire" title="Samanid Empire">Samanid</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Buyid_dynasty" title="Buyid dynasty">Buyid</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_Japan" title="History of Japan">Japanese</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Yamato_period" title="Yamato period">Yamato</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kamakura_shogunate" title="Kamakura shogunate">Kamakura</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ashikaga_shogunate" title="Ashikaga shogunate">Muromachi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tokugawa_shogunate" title="Tokugawa shogunate">Edo</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kanem%E2%80%93Bornu_Empire" title="Kanem–Bornu Empire">Kanem</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Khmer_Empire" title="Khmer Empire">Khmer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Latin_Empire" title="Latin Empire">Latin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_Lithuania" title="History of Lithuania">Lithuanian</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Grand_Duchy_of_Lithuania" title="Grand Duchy of Lithuania">Grand Duchy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Polish%E2%80%93Lithuanian_Commonwealth" title="Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth">Commonwealth</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Majapahit" title="Majapahit">Majapahit</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mali_Empire" title="Mali Empire">Mali</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mongol_Empire" title="Mongol Empire">Mongol</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Yuan_dynasty" title="Yuan dynasty">Yuan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Golden_Horde" title="Golden Horde">Golden Horde</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Chagatai Khanate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ilkhanate" title="Ilkhanate">Ilkhanate</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_Morocco" title="History of Morocco">Moroccan</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Idrisid_dynasty" title="Idrisid dynasty">Idrisid</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Almoravid_dynasty" title="Almoravid dynasty">Almoravid</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Almohad_Caliphate" title="Almohad Caliphate">Almohad</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Norgesveldet" class="mw-redirect" title="Norgesveldet">Norwegian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/North_Sea_Empire" title="North Sea Empire">North Sea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oyo_Empire" title="Oyo Empire">Oyo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_Poland" title="History of Poland">Polish</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Poland" title="Kingdom of Poland">Kingdom</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Polish%E2%80%93Lithuanian_Commonwealth" title="Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth">Commonwealth</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hellenization_in_the_Byzantine_Empire" title="Hellenization in the Byzantine Empire">Hellenic</a> <a href="/wiki/Roman_Empire" title="Roman Empire">Roman</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Byzantine_Empire" title="Byzantine Empire">Byzantine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Empire_of_Nicaea" title="Empire of Nicaea">Nicaea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Empire_of_Thessalonica" title="Empire of Thessalonica">Thessalonica</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Empire_of_Trebizond" title="Empire of Trebizond">Trebizond</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Despotate_of_Epirus" title="Despotate of Epirus">Epirus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Despotate_of_the_Morea" title="Despotate of the Morea">Morea</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Romano-Germanic_culture" title="Romano-Germanic culture">Romano-Germanic</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Carolingian_Empire" title="Carolingian Empire">Carolingian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Holy_Roman_Empire" title="Holy Roman Empire">Holy Roman</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_Russia" title="History of Russia">Russian</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kievan_Rus%27" title="Kievan Rus'">Ruthenian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Novgorod_Republic" title="Novgorod Republic">Novgorod</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vladimir-Suzdal" title="Vladimir-Suzdal">Vladimir-Suzdal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Principality_of_Moscow" title="Principality of Moscow">Muscovy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Great_Perm" title="Great Perm">Permian</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Serbian_Empire" title="Serbian Empire">Serbian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Singhasari" title="Singhasari">Singhasari</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Songhai_Empire" title="Songhai Empire">Songhai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Srivijaya" title="Srivijaya">Srivijaya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tibetan_Empire" title="Tibetan Empire">Tibetan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tikal" title="Tikal">Tikal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tiwanaku_Empire" title="Tiwanaku Empire">Tiwanaku</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Toltec_Empire" title="Toltec Empire">Toltec</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Turco-Persian_tradition" title="Turco-Persian tradition">Turco-Persian</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ghaznavids" title="Ghaznavids">Ghaznavid</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Seljuk_Empire" title="Seljuk Empire">Great Seljuk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Khwarazmian_Empire" title="Khwarazmian Empire">Khwarezmian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Timurid_Empire" title="Timurid Empire">Timurid</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/G%C3%B6kt%C3%BCrks" title="Göktürks">Turkic</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/First_Turkic_Khaganate" title="First Turkic Khaganate">First</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Western_Turkic_Khaganate" title="Western Turkic Khaganate">Western</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eastern_Turkic_Khaganate" title="Eastern Turkic Khaganate">Eastern</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Second_Turkic_Khaganate" title="Second Turkic Khaganate">Second</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/T%C3%BCrgesh" title="Türgesh">Türgesh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Uyghur_Khaganate" title="Uyghur Khaganate">Uighur</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kyrgyz_Khaganate" title="Kyrgyz Khaganate">Kyrgyz</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_Ukraine" title="History of Ukraine">Ukrainian</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kievan_Rus%27" title="Kievan Rus'">Ruthenian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Principality_of_Kiev" title="Principality of Kiev">Kyivan</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Republic_of_Venice" title="Republic of Venice">Venetian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%C4%90%E1%BA%A1i_Vi%E1%BB%87t" title="Đại Việt">Vietnamese</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%C4%90inh_dynasty" title="Đinh dynasty">Dinh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Early_L%C3%AA_dynasty" title="Early Lê dynasty">Early Le</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/L%C3%BD_dynasty" title="Lý dynasty">Ly</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tr%E1%BA%A7n_dynasty" title="Trần dynasty">Tran</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/H%E1%BB%93_dynasty" title="Hồ dynasty">Ho</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Later_Tr%E1%BA%A7n_dynasty" title="Later Trần dynasty">Later Tran</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/L%C3%AA_dynasty" title="Lê dynasty">Later Le</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vijayanagara_Empire" title="Vijayanagara Empire">Vijayanagara</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ghana_Empire" title="Ghana Empire">Wagadou</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wari_Empire" title="Wari Empire">Wari</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Modern_era" title="Modern era">Modern</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist F" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Durrani_Empire" title="Durrani Empire">Afghan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ashanti_Empire" class="mw-redirect" title="Ashanti Empire">Ashanti</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Austrian_Empire" title="Austrian Empire">Austrian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Austria-Hungary" title="Austria-Hungary">Austro-Hungarian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Empire_of_Brazil" title="Empire of Brazil">Brazilian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Burmese_Empire_(disambiguation)" class="mw-redirect mw-disambig" title="Burmese Empire (disambiguation)">Burmese</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/First_Toungoo_Empire" title="First Toungoo Empire">Second</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Konbaung_dynasty" title="Konbaung dynasty">Third</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Central_African_Empire" title="Central African Empire">Central African</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chinese_Empire" title="Chinese Empire">Chinese</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ming_dynasty" title="Ming dynasty">Ming</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Qing_dynasty" title="Qing dynasty">Qing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Empire_of_China_(1915%E2%80%931916)" title="Empire of China (1915–1916)">China</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Manchukuo" title="Manchukuo">Manchukuo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chinese_imperialism" title="Chinese imperialism">Contemporary</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ethiopian_Empire" title="Ethiopian Empire">Ethiopian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_Haiti" title="History of Haiti">Haitian</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/First_Empire_of_Haiti" title="First Empire of Haiti">First</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Second_Empire_of_Haiti" title="Second Empire of Haiti">Second</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_France" title="History of France">French</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/First_French_Empire" title="First French Empire">First</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Second_French_Empire" title="Second French Empire">Second</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_Germany" title="History of Germany">German</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/German_Empire" title="German Empire">German Empire</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nazi_Germany" title="Nazi Germany">Nazi Germany</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/British_Raj" title="British Raj">Indian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indo-Persian_culture" title="Indo-Persian culture">Indo-Persian</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Mughal_Empire" title="Mughal Empire">Mughal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sikh_Empire" title="Sikh Empire">Sikh</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iranian_peoples" title="Iranian peoples">Iranian</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Safavid_Iran" title="Safavid Iran">Safavid</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Afsharid_Iran" title="Afsharid Iran">Afsharid</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zand_dynasty" title="Zand dynasty">Zand</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Qajar_Iran" title="Qajar Iran">Qajar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pahlavi_dynasty" title="Pahlavi dynasty">Pahlavi</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Empire_of_Japan" title="Empire of Japan">Japanese</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Korean_Empire" title="Korean Empire">Korean</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maratha_Empire" class="mw-redirect" title="Maratha Empire">Maratha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_Mexico" title="History of Mexico">Mexican</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/First_Mexican_Empire" title="First Mexican Empire">First</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Second_Mexican_Empire" title="Second Mexican Empire">Second</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Northern_Yuan" title="Northern Yuan">Mongol</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Oirat_Confederation" title="Oirat Confederation">Oirat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Khoshut_Khanate" title="Khoshut Khanate">Khoshut</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dzungar_Khanate" title="Dzungar Khanate">Dzungar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kalmyk_Khanate" title="Kalmyk Khanate">Kalmyk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bogd_Khanate_of_Mongolia" title="Bogd Khanate of Mongolia">Bogd</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_Morocco" title="History of Morocco">Moroccan</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Saadi_Sultanate" title="Saadi Sultanate">Saadi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alawi_Sultanate" title="Alawi Sultanate">'Alawi</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ottoman_Empire" title="Ottoman Empire">Ottoman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_Russia" title="History of Russia">Russian</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Tsardom_of_Russia" title="Tsardom of Russia">Tsarist</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Russian_Empire" title="Russian Empire">Imperial</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Russian_imperialism#Contemporary_Russian_imperialism" title="Russian imperialism">Contemporary</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sokoto_Caliphate" title="Sokoto Caliphate">Sokoto</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_Somalia" title="History of Somalia">Somali</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Isaaq_Sultanate" title="Isaaq Sultanate">Isaaq</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tu%CA%BBi_Tonga_Empire" title="Tuʻi Tonga Empire">Tongan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cossack_Hetmanate" title="Cossack Hetmanate">Ukrainian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%C4%90%E1%BA%A1i_Vi%E1%BB%87t" title="Đại Việt">Vietnamese</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/M%E1%BA%A1c_dynasty" title="Mạc dynasty">Mạc</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Revival_L%C3%AA_dynasty" title="Revival Lê dynasty">Revival Lê</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/T%C3%A2y_S%C6%A1n_dynasty" title="Tây Sơn dynasty">Tay Sơn</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nguy%E1%BB%85n_dynasty" title="Nguyễn dynasty">Dainam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Empire_of_Vietnam" title="Empire of Vietnam">Vietnam</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th id="Colonial" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Colonial_empire" title="Colonial empire">Colonial</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/American_imperialism" title="American imperialism">American</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Belgian_colonial_empire" title="Belgian colonial empire">Belgian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/British_Empire" title="British Empire">British</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/English_overseas_possessions" title="English overseas possessions">English</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scottish_colonization_of_the_Americas" title="Scottish colonization of the Americas">Scottish</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chinese_Empire" title="Chinese Empire">Chinese</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Danish_overseas_colonies" title="Danish overseas colonies">Danish</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dutch_colonial_empire" title="Dutch colonial empire">Dutch</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/French_colonial_empire" title="French colonial empire">French</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/German_colonial_empire" title="German colonial empire">German</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Italian_Empire" title="Italian Empire">Italian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Japanese_colonial_empire" title="Japanese colonial empire">Japanese</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mongol_Empire" title="Mongol Empire">Mongol</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Omani_Empire" title="Omani Empire">Omani</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Polish%E2%80%93Lithuanian_Commonwealth" title="Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth">Polish–Lithuanian</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Curonian_colonisation" title="Curonian colonisation">Couronian</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Portuguese_Empire" title="Portuguese Empire">Portuguese</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Russian_Empire" title="Russian Empire">Russian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spanish_Empire" title="Spanish Empire">Spanish</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Swedish_overseas_colonies" title="Swedish overseas colonies">Swedish</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Lists</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist F" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_empires" title="List of empires">Empires</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_largest_empires" title="List of largest empires">largest</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_ancient_great_powers" title="List of ancient great powers">Ancient great powers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_medieval_great_powers" title="List of medieval great powers">Medieval great powers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_modern_great_powers" title="List of modern great powers">Modern great powers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_colonialism" title="History of colonialism">European colonialism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/African_empires" class="mw-redirect" title="African empires">African empires</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Miscellaneous</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist F" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>"Empire" as a description of foreign policy <ul><li><a href="/wiki/American_imperialism" title="American imperialism">American Empire</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Soviet_empire" title="Soviet empire">Soviet empire</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Related_templates" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2" style="background:#e8e8ff;background: lightblue"><div id="Related_templates" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Related templates</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0;font-size:114%"><div style="padding:0px"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1246091330">.mw-parser-output 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rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239334494"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239334494"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239334494"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239334494"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239334494"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239334494"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239334494"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239334494"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239334494"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239334494"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239334494"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239334494"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239334494"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239334494"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239334494"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239334494"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239334494"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239334494"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239334494"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239334494"><table class="sidebar sidebar-collapse nomobile nowraplinks" style="width: 25em"><tbody><tr><th class="sidebar-title">History of the <a href="/wiki/Mongols" title="Mongols">Mongols</a></th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-image"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Wind_Horse_of_Mongolia.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Wind_Horse_of_Mongolia.svg/75px-Wind_Horse_of_Mongolia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="75" height="50" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Wind_Horse_of_Mongolia.svg/113px-Wind_Horse_of_Mongolia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Wind_Horse_of_Mongolia.svg/150px-Wind_Horse_of_Mongolia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="773" data-file-height="512" /></a></span></td></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-above hlist" style="font-size:smaller;"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_Mongolian_history" title="Timeline of Mongolian history">Timeline</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:History_of_Mongolia" title="Category:History of Mongolia">History</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Mongol_rulers" title="List of Mongol rulers">Rulers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mongolian_nobility" title="Mongolian nobility">Nobility</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Culture_of_Mongolia" title="Culture of Mongolia">Culture</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mongolic_languages" title="Mongolic languages">Language</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mongols" title="Mongols">Mongols</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Proto-Mongols" title="Proto-Mongols">Proto-Mongols</a></li></ul></td></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="color:#000000; background: #eeeeee; text-align:center;;color: var(--color-base)"><a href="/wiki/List_of_Mongol_states" title="List of Mongol states">States</a></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content" style="text-align:left;"> <dl><dd><a href="/wiki/List_of_medieval_Mongol_tribes_and_clans" title="List of medieval Mongol tribes and clans">Mongol khanates</a> <div style="float: right;"><span style="font-size:85%;"><span class="tmp-color" style="color:#000000">IX-X</span></span></div></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Khereid" class="mw-redirect" title="Khereid">Khereid Khanate</a> <div style="float: right;"><span style="font-size:85%;"><span class="tmp-color" style="color:#000000">X-1203</span></span></div></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Merkit" title="Merkit">Merkit Khanate</a> <div style="float: right;"><span style="font-size:85%;"><span class="tmp-color" style="color:#000000">XI–XII</span></span></div></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Tatar_confederation" title="Tatar confederation">Tatar Khanate</a> <div style="float: right;"><span style="font-size:85%;"><span class="tmp-color" style="color:#000000">IX – XII</span></span></div></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Naimans" title="Naimans">Naiman Khanate</a> <div style="float: right;"><span style="font-size:85%;"><span class="tmp-color" style="color:#000000">-1204</span></span></div></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Khamag_Mongol" title="Khamag Mongol">Khamag Mongol Khanate</a> <div style="float: right;"><span style="font-size:85%;"><span class="tmp-color" style="color:#000000">X-1206</span></span></div></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Mongol_Empire" title="Mongol Empire">Mongol Empire</a> <div style="float: right;"><span style="font-size:85%;"><span class="tmp-color" style="color:#000000">1206-1368</span></span></div></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Yuan_dynasty" title="Yuan dynasty">Yuan dynasty</a> <div style="float: right;"><span style="font-size:85%;"><span class="tmp-color" style="color:#000000">1271-1368</span></span></div></dd> <dd><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Chagatai Khanate</a> <div style="float: right;"><span style="font-size:85%;"><span class="tmp-color" style="color:#000000">1225-1340s</span></span></div></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Moghulistan" title="Moghulistan">Moghulistan</a> <div style="float: right;"><span style="font-size:85%;"><span class="tmp-color" style="color:#000000">1346-1462</span></span></div></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Turpan_Khanate" title="Turpan Khanate">Turpan Khanate</a> <div style="float: right;"><span style="font-size:85%;"><span class="tmp-color" style="color:#000000">1487-1660?</span></span></div></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Yarkent_Khanate" title="Yarkent Khanate">Yarkent Khanate</a> <div style="float: right;"><span style="font-size:85%;"><span class="tmp-color" style="color:#000000">1514-1705</span></span></div></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Golden_Horde" title="Golden Horde">Golden Horde</a> <div style="float: right;"><span style="font-size:85%;"><span class="tmp-color" style="color:#000000">1240-1502</span></span></div></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Ilkhanate" title="Ilkhanate">Ilkhanate</a> <div style="float: right;"><span style="font-size:85%;"><span class="tmp-color" style="color:#000000">1256-1335</span></span></div></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Chobanids" title="Chobanids">Chobanids</a> <div style="float: right;"><span style="font-size:85%;"><span class="tmp-color" style="color:#000000">1335-1357</span></span></div></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Jalairid_Sultanate" class="mw-redirect" title="Jalairid Sultanate">Jalairid Sultanate</a> <div style="float: right;"><span style="font-size:85%;"><span class="tmp-color" style="color:#000000">1335-1432</span></span></div></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Injuids" title="Injuids">Injuids</a> <div style="float: right;"><span style="font-size:85%;"><span class="tmp-color" style="color:#000000">1335-1357</span></span></div></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Northern_Yuan_dynasty" class="mw-redirect" title="Northern Yuan dynasty">Northern Yuan dynasty</a> <div style="float: right;"><span style="font-size:85%;"><span class="tmp-color" style="color:#000000">1368-1691</span></span></div></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Timurid_Empire" title="Timurid Empire">Timurid Empire</a> <div style="float: right;"><span style="font-size:85%;"><span class="tmp-color" style="color:#000000">1370–1507</span></span></div></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Kara_Del" title="Kara Del">Kara Del</a> <div style="float: right;"><span style="font-size:85%;"><span class="tmp-color" style="color:#000000">1383-1513</span></span></div></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Four_Oirat" class="mw-redirect" title="Four Oirat">Four Oirat</a> <div style="float: right;"><span style="font-size:85%;"><span class="tmp-color" style="color:#000000">1399-1634</span></span></div></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Arghun_dynasty" title="Arghun dynasty">Arghun dynasty</a> <div style="float: right;"><span style="font-size:85%;"><span class="tmp-color" style="color:#000000">1479-1599</span></span></div></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Mughal_Empire" title="Mughal Empire">Mughal Empire</a> (in India)<div style="float: right;"><span style="font-size:85%;"><span class="tmp-color" style="color:#000000">1526–1857</span></span></div></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Kalmyk_Khanate" title="Kalmyk Khanate">Kalmyk Khanate</a> <div style="float: right;"><span style="font-size:85%;"><span class="tmp-color" style="color:#000000">1630-1731</span></span></div></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Khoshut_Khanate" title="Khoshut Khanate">Khoshut Khanate</a> <div style="float: right;"><span style="font-size:85%;"><span class="tmp-color" style="color:#000000">1640s-1717</span></span></div></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Dzungar_Khanate" title="Dzungar Khanate">Dzungar Khanate</a> <div style="float: right;"><span style="font-size:85%;"><span class="tmp-color" style="color:#000000">1634-1758</span></span></div></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Bogd_Khaganate" class="mw-redirect" title="Bogd Khaganate">Bogd Khaganate</a> <div style="float: right;"><span style="font-size:85%;"><span class="tmp-color" style="color:#000000">1911-1924</span></span></div></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Mongolian_People%27s_Republic" title="Mongolian People's Republic">Mongolian People's Republic</a> <div style="float: right;"><span style="font-size:85%;"><span class="tmp-color" style="color:#000000">1924–1992</span></span></div></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Mongolia" title="Mongolia">Mongolia</a> <div style="float: right;"><span style="font-size:85%;"><span class="tmp-color" style="color:#000000">1992-present</span></span></div></dd></dl></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-navbar"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:History_of_the_Mongols" title="Template:History of the Mongols"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:History_of_the_Mongols" title="Template talk:History of the Mongols"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:History_of_the_Mongols" title="Special:EditPage/Template:History of the Mongols"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1246091330"><table class="sidebar sidebar-collapse nomobile vcard plainlist"><tbody><tr><th class="sidebar-title"><div class="sidebar-pretitle" style="margin: -0.2em 0; font-size:69%; font-weight:normal;">Part of <a href="/wiki/Category:History_of_Xinjiang" title="Category:History of Xinjiang">a series</a> on the</div></th> </tr><tr> <th class="sidebar-title-with-pretitle" style=""><a href="/wiki/History_of_Xinjiang" title="History of Xinjiang">History of <span class="fn org label">Xinjiang</span></a></th> </tr><tr><td style="padding-bottom: 0.4em; border-bottom: 1px solid #ccc;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Museum_f%C3%BCr_Indische_Kunst_Dahlem_Berlin_Mai_2006_063.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/97/Museum_f%C3%BCr_Indische_Kunst_Dahlem_Berlin_Mai_2006_063.jpg/100px-Museum_f%C3%BCr_Indische_Kunst_Dahlem_Berlin_Mai_2006_063.jpg" decoding="async" width="100" height="102" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/97/Museum_f%C3%BCr_Indische_Kunst_Dahlem_Berlin_Mai_2006_063.jpg/150px-Museum_f%C3%BCr_Indische_Kunst_Dahlem_Berlin_Mai_2006_063.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/97/Museum_f%C3%BCr_Indische_Kunst_Dahlem_Berlin_Mai_2006_063.jpg/200px-Museum_f%C3%BCr_Indische_Kunst_Dahlem_Berlin_Mai_2006_063.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1731" data-file-height="1774" /></a></span></td></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="color:#000000; background: #eeeeee; text-align:center;;color: var(--color-base)">Ancient period</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Tocharians" title="Tocharians">Tocharians</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yuezhi" title="Yuezhi">Yuezhi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Xiongnu" title="Xiongnu">Xiongnu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Western_Regions" title="Western Regions">Western Regions</a> <ul><li>(<a href="/wiki/Protectorate_of_the_Western_Regions" title="Protectorate of the Western Regions">Han Protectorate</a>; <a href="/wiki/Chief_Official_of_the_Western_Regions" title="Chief Official of the Western Regions">Chief Officials</a>)</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Khotan" title="Kingdom of Khotan">Kingdom of Khotan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Former_Liang" title="Former Liang">Former Liang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Former_Qin" title="Former Qin">Former Qin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Later_Liang_(Sixteen_Kingdoms)" title="Later Liang (Sixteen Kingdoms)">Later Liang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Western_Liang_(Sixteen_Kingdoms)" title="Western Liang (Sixteen Kingdoms)">Western Liang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gaochang" title="Gaochang">Gaochang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rouran" class="mw-redirect" title="Rouran">Rouran</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/First_Turkic_Khaganate" title="First Turkic Khaganate">First Turkic Khaganate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Western_Turkic_Khaganate" title="Western Turkic Khaganate">Western Turkic Khaganate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eastern_Turkic_Khaganate" title="Eastern Turkic Khaganate">Eastern Turkic Khaganate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Second_Turkic_Khaganate" title="Second Turkic Khaganate">Second Turkic Khaganate</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="color:#000000; background: #eeeeee; text-align:center;;color: var(--color-base)">Medieval and early modern period</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Tang_dynasty_in_Inner_Asia" title="Tang dynasty in Inner Asia">Tang Protectorates</a> (<a href="/wiki/Protectorate_General_to_Pacify_the_West" title="Protectorate General to Pacify the West">West</a>; <a href="/wiki/Beiting_Protectorate" title="Beiting Protectorate">Beiting</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tibetan_Empire" title="Tibetan Empire">Tibetan Empire</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Uyghur_Khaganate" title="Uyghur Khaganate">Uyghur Khaganate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kara-Khanid_Khanate" title="Kara-Khanid Khanate">Kara-Khanid Khanate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Qocho" class="mw-redirect" title="Kingdom of Qocho">Kingdom of Qocho</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Qara_Khitai" title="Qara Khitai">Qara Khitai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mongol_Empire" title="Mongol Empire">Mongol Empire</a> (<a href="/wiki/Yuan_dynasty_in_Inner_Asia" title="Yuan dynasty in Inner Asia">Yuan</a>; <a class="mw-selflink selflink">Chagatai Khanate</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Moghulistan" title="Moghulistan">Moghulistan</a> (<a href="/wiki/Turpan_Khanate" title="Turpan Khanate">Turpan</a>; <a href="/wiki/Yarkent_Khanate" title="Yarkent Khanate">Yarkent</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kara_Del" title="Kara Del">Ming ruled Kara Del</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dzungar_Khanate" title="Dzungar Khanate">Dzungar Khanate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kumul_Khanate" title="Kumul Khanate">Kumul Khanate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yettishar" title="Yettishar">Yettishar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Xinjiang_under_Qing_rule" title="Xinjiang under Qing rule">Qing rule</a> <ul><li>(<a href="/wiki/Dzungar_genocide" title="Dzungar genocide">Dzungar genocide</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dungan_Revolt_(1862%E2%80%931877)" title="Dungan Revolt (1862–1877)">Dungan Revolt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Qing_reconquest_of_Xinjiang" title="Qing reconquest of Xinjiang">Qing reconquest</a>)</li></ul></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="color:#000000; background: #eeeeee; text-align:center;;color: var(--color-base)">Modern period</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Xinjiang_Province,_Republic_of_China" title="Xinjiang Province, Republic of China">Xinjiang Province, Republic of China</a> <ul><li>(<a href="/wiki/Xinjiang_clique" title="Xinjiang clique">Xinjiang clique</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/First_East_Turkestan_Republic" title="First East Turkestan Republic">1st East Turkestan Republic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Second_East_Turkestan_Republic" title="Second East Turkestan Republic">2nd East Turkestan Republic</a>)</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Incorporation_of_Xinjiang_into_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China" title="Incorporation of Xinjiang into the People's Republic of China">Xinjiang Province, People's Republic of China</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Xinjiang" title="Xinjiang">Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region</a> <ul><li>(<a href="/wiki/Xinjiang_Production_and_Construction_Corps" title="Xinjiang Production and Construction Corps">Production and Construction Corps</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Xinjiang_conflict" title="Xinjiang conflict">Xinjiang conflict</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Xinjiang_internment_camps" title="Xinjiang internment camps">Xinjiang internment camps</a> / <a href="/wiki/Persecution_of_Uyghurs_in_China" title="Persecution of Uyghurs in China">Persecution of Uyghurs in China</a>)</li></ul></li></ul></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-navbar"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:History_of_Xinjiang" title="Template:History of Xinjiang"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:History_of_Xinjiang" title="Template talk:History of Xinjiang"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:History_of_Xinjiang" title="Special:EditPage/Template:History of Xinjiang"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1246091330"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><table class="sidebar sidebar-collapse nomobile vcard plainlist"><tbody><tr><th class="sidebar-title"><div class="sidebar-pretitle" style="margin: -0.2em 0; font-size:69%; font-weight:normal;">Part of <a href="/wiki/Category:History_of_Turkmenistan" title="Category:History of Turkmenistan">a series</a> on the</div></th> </tr><tr> <th class="sidebar-title-with-pretitle" style=""><a href="/wiki/History_of_Turkmenistan" title="History of Turkmenistan">History of <span class="fn org label">Turkmenistan</span></a></th> </tr><tr><td style="padding-bottom: 0.4em; border-bottom: 1px solid #ccc;"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:%D0%91%D1%83%D1%80%D1%8D_%D0%9B._%D0%9B.,_%D0%92%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BE%D1%82%D0%B0_%D0%B2_%D0%B4%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%B2%D0%BD%D0%B5%D0%BC_%D0%9C%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B2%D0%B5_(1914).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt=""Turkmens at the gates of the ancient city of Merv, 1914"" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9b/%D0%91%D1%83%D1%80%D1%8D_%D0%9B._%D0%9B.%2C_%D0%92%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BE%D1%82%D0%B0_%D0%B2_%D0%B4%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%B2%D0%BD%D0%B5%D0%BC_%D0%9C%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B2%D0%B5_%281914%29.jpg/200px-%D0%91%D1%83%D1%80%D1%8D_%D0%9B._%D0%9B.%2C_%D0%92%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BE%D1%82%D0%B0_%D0%B2_%D0%B4%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%B2%D0%BD%D0%B5%D0%BC_%D0%9C%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B2%D0%B5_%281914%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="200" height="115" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9b/%D0%91%D1%83%D1%80%D1%8D_%D0%9B._%D0%9B.%2C_%D0%92%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BE%D1%82%D0%B0_%D0%B2_%D0%B4%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%B2%D0%BD%D0%B5%D0%BC_%D0%9C%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B2%D0%B5_%281914%29.jpg/300px-%D0%91%D1%83%D1%80%D1%8D_%D0%9B._%D0%9B.%2C_%D0%92%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BE%D1%82%D0%B0_%D0%B2_%D0%B4%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%B2%D0%BD%D0%B5%D0%BC_%D0%9C%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B2%D0%B5_%281914%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9b/%D0%91%D1%83%D1%80%D1%8D_%D0%9B._%D0%9B.%2C_%D0%92%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BE%D1%82%D0%B0_%D0%B2_%D0%B4%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%B2%D0%BD%D0%B5%D0%BC_%D0%9C%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B2%D0%B5_%281914%29.jpg/400px-%D0%91%D1%83%D1%80%D1%8D_%D0%9B._%D0%9B.%2C_%D0%92%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BE%D1%82%D0%B0_%D0%B2_%D0%B4%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%B2%D0%BD%D0%B5%D0%BC_%D0%9C%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B2%D0%B5_%281914%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2170" data-file-height="1245" /></a></span></td></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="color: var(--color-base)">Antiquity</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/History_of_Turkmenistan#Ancient_history" title="History of Turkmenistan">Ancient history</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jeitun#Jeitun_culture" title="Jeitun">Jeitun culture</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gonur_Depe" title="Gonur Depe">Gonur Depe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bactria%E2%80%93Margiana_Archaeological_Complex" title="Bactria–Margiana Archaeological Complex">Oxus civilization</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Massagetae" title="Massagetae">Massagetae</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Median_Empire" class="mw-redirect" title="Median Empire">Median Empire</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Achaemenid_Empire" title="Achaemenid Empire">Achaemenid Empire</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Seleucid_Empire" title="Seleucid Empire">Seleucid Empire</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Greco-Bactrian_Kingdom" title="Greco-Bactrian Kingdom">Greco-Bactrian Kingdom</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Parthian_Empire" title="Parthian Empire">Parthian dynasty</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kushan_Empire" title="Kushan Empire">Kushan Empire</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_Turkmenistan#The_ten_tribe_Proto-Turkic_tribal_confederation" title="History of Turkmenistan">Proto-Turks</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sassanian_Empire" class="mw-redirect" title="Sassanian Empire">Sassanian Empire</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kidarites" title="Kidarites">Kidarite Kingdom</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hephthalite_Empire" class="mw-redirect" title="Hephthalite Empire">Hephthalite Empire</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="color: var(--color-base)">Middle Ages</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/History_of_Turkmenistan#Arab_conquests_and_Islamization" title="History of Turkmenistan">Islamic period</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rashidun_Caliphate" title="Rashidun Caliphate">Rashidun Caliphate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Umayyad_Caliphate" title="Umayyad Caliphate">Umayyads</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abbasid_Caliphate" title="Abbasid Caliphate">Abbasids</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tahirid_dynasty" title="Tahirid dynasty">Tahirids</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saffarid_dynasty" title="Saffarid dynasty">Saffarids</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Samanid_Empire" title="Samanid Empire">Samanids</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_Turkmenistan#Oghuz_tribes" title="History of Turkmenistan">Oghuz Turkomans</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ghaznavids" title="Ghaznavids">Ghaznavid Empire</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Seljuk_Empire" title="Seljuk Empire">Seljuk Turkomans</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Khwarazmian_Empire" title="Khwarazmian Empire">Khwarazmians</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mongol_invasion_of_the_Khwarazmian_Empire" title="Mongol invasion of the Khwarazmian Empire">Mongol conquest</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Chagatai Khanate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ilkhanate" title="Ilkhanate">Ilkhanate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kart_dynasty" title="Kart dynasty">Karts</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Timurid_Empire" title="Timurid Empire">Timurids</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="color: var(--color-base)">Early modern history</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Khanate_of_Khiva" title="Khanate of Khiva">Khanate of Khiva</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Emirate_of_Bukhara" title="Emirate of Bukhara">Emirate of Bukhara</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Safavid_Iran" title="Safavid Iran">Safavid Iran</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_Turkmenistan#Turkmenistan_in_the_16th_and_17th_centuries" title="History of Turkmenistan">Turkmenistan in the 16th and 17th centuries</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Afsharid_Iran" title="Afsharid Iran">Afsharid Iran</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Qajar_Iran" title="Qajar Iran">Qajar Iran</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="color: var(--color-base)">Modern history</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/History_of_Turkmenistan#Russian_Colonization_and_Great_Game" title="History of Turkmenistan">Russian conquest and the Great Game</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Transcaspian_Oblast" title="Transcaspian Oblast">Transcaspian Oblast</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_Turkmenistan#Revolution_and_civil_war" title="History of Turkmenistan">October Revolution and Civil War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Turkestan_Autonomous_Soviet_Socialist_Republic" title="Turkestan Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic">Soviet rule</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Turkmen_Soviet_Socialist_Republic" title="Turkmen Soviet Socialist Republic">Turkmenistan SSR</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Turkmenistan" title="Turkmenistan">After Independence</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="color: var(--color-base)">Related historical regions</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"><div class="hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Hyrcania" title="Hyrcania">Hyrcania</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sogdia" title="Sogdia">Sogdia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Margiana" title="Margiana">Margiana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Greater_Iran" title="Greater Iran">Greater Iran</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Greater_Khorasan" title="Greater Khorasan">Greater Khorasan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Khwarazm" title="Khwarazm">Khwarazm</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Transcaspian_Oblast" title="Transcaspian Oblast">Transcaspia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Turkmen_Soviet_Socialist_Republic" title="Turkmen Soviet Socialist Republic">Turkmenia</a></li></ul> </div></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-below"> <span class="nowrap"><span class="mw-image-border noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="flag" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/Flag_of_Turkmenistan.svg/16px-Flag_of_Turkmenistan.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/Flag_of_Turkmenistan.svg/24px-Flag_of_Turkmenistan.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/Flag_of_Turkmenistan.svg/32px-Flag_of_Turkmenistan.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Portal:Turkmenistan" title="Portal:Turkmenistan">Turkmenistan portal</a></td></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-navbar"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:History_of_Turkmenistan" title="Template:History of Turkmenistan"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:History_of_Turkmenistan" title="Template talk:History of Turkmenistan"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:History_of_Turkmenistan" title="Special:EditPage/Template:History of Turkmenistan"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox authority-control" aria-labelledby="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q487829#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q487829#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Help:Authority_control" title="Help:Authority control">Authority control databases</a> <span class="mw-valign-text-top noprint" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q487829#identifiers" title="Edit this at Wikidata"><img alt="Edit this at Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, 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