CINXE.COM

European Journal of Orthodontics | Oxford Academic

<!DOCTYPE html> <html lang="en" class="no-js"> <head> <!-- charset must appear in the first 1024 bytes of the document --> <meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=utf-8" /> <title>European Journal of Orthodontics | Oxford Academic</title> <script type='text/javascript' defer src='//js.trendmd.com/trendmd.min.js' data-trendmdconfig='{"element":"#trendmd-suggestions"}' class='optanon-category-C0002'></script> <script src="https://ajax.googleapis.com/ajax/libs/jquery/3.7.1/jquery.min.js" type="text/javascript"></script> <script>window.jQuery || document.write('<script src="//oup.silverchair-cdn.com/Themes/Silver/app/js/jquery.3.7.1.min.js" type="text/javascript">\x3C/script>')</script> <script src="//oup.silverchair-cdn.com/Themes/Silver/app/vendor/v-638654880267142888/jquery-migrate-1.4.1.min.js" type="text/javascript"></script> <script type='text/javascript' src='https://platform-api.sharethis.com/js/sharethis.js#property=643701de45aa460012e1032e&amp;product=sop' async='async' class='optanon-category-C0004'></script> <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1, maximum-scale=10" /> <meta http-equiv="X-UA-Compatible" content="IE=Edge" /> <!-- Turn off telephone number detection. --> <meta name="format-detection" content="telephone=no" /> <!-- Bookmark Icons --> <link rel="apple-touch-icon" sizes="180x180" href="//oup.silverchair-cdn.com/UI/app/img/v-638654879241847311/apple-touch-icon.png"> <link rel="icon" type="image/png" href="//oup.silverchair-cdn.com/UI/app/img/v-638654879242047735/favicon-32x32.png" sizes="32x32"> <link rel="icon" type="image/png" href="//oup.silverchair-cdn.com/UI/app/img/v-638654879241997236/favicon-16x16.png" sizes="16x16"> <link rel="mask-icon" href="//oup.silverchair-cdn.com/UI/app/img/v-638654879242697268/safari-pinned-tab.svg" color="#001C54"> <link rel="icon" href="//oup.silverchair-cdn.com/UI/app/img/v-638654879242147229/favicon.ico"> <link rel="manifest" href="//oup.silverchair-cdn.com/UI/app/img/v-638654879242447968/manifest.json"> <meta name="msapplication-config" content="//oup.silverchair-cdn.com/UI/app/img/v-638654879241847311/browserconfig.xml"> <meta name="theme-color" content="#002f65"> <link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="//oup.silverchair-cdn.com/UI/app/fonts/icons.css" /> <link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="//oup.silverchair-cdn.com/Themes/Client/app/css/v-638669719594245124/site.min.css" /> <link rel="preload" href="https://fonts.googleapis.com/css?family=Merriweather:300,400,400italic,700,700italic|Source+Sans+Pro:400,400italic,700,700italic" as="style" onload="this.onload=null;this.rel='stylesheet'"> <link href="//oup.silverchair-cdn.com/data/SiteBuilderAssetsOriginals/Live/CSS/journals/v-638647548564311250/global.css" rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" /> <link href="//oup.silverchair-cdn.com/data/SiteBuilderAssets/Live/CSS/ejo/v-637907229572664110/Site.css" rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" /> <script> var dataLayer = [{"event_type":"home","supplier_tag":"SC_Journals","siteid":"eortho","authzrequired":"false"}]; </script> <script> (function (w, d, s, l, i) { w[l] = w[l] || []; w[l].push({ 'gtm.start': new Date().getTime(), event: 'gtm.js' }); var f = d.getElementsByTagName(s)[0], j = d.createElement(s), dl = l != 'dataLayer' ? '&l=' + l : ''; j.async = true; j.src = 'https://www.googletagmanager.com/gtm.js?id=' + i + dl; f.parentNode.insertBefore(j, f); })(window, document, 'script', 'dataLayer', 'GTM-W6DD7HV'); </script> <script type="text/javascript"> var App = App || {}; App.LoginUserInfo = { isInstLoggedIn: 0, isIndividualLoggedIn: 0 }; App.CurrentSubdomain = 'ejo'; App.SiteURL = 'academic.oup.com/ejo'; </script> <script type="application/ld+json"> {"@context":"https://schema.org","@type":"Periodical","@id":"https://academic.oup.com/ejo/ejo","name":"European Journal of Orthodontics","datePublished":"2022-12-31","url":"https://academic.oup.com/ejo/ejo","inLanguage":"en","issn":["1460-2210"],"copyrightHolder":"European Orthodontic Society","copyrightYear":"2024","publisher":"Oxford University Press","description":"The official journal of the European Orthodontic Society. Publishes clinical and research papers aimed at orthodontists, covering techniques as well as different approaches to treatment planning, and extending the scientific basis of orthodontics.","siteName":"OUP Academic","siteNameTitle":"Oxford Academic","thumbnailURL":"https://academic.oup.com/data/sitebuilderassetsoriginals/live/images/ejo/ejo_ogimage.png","image:alt":"site image"} </script> <meta property="og:site_name" content="OUP Academic" /> <meta property="og:title" content="European Journal of Orthodontics | Oxford Academic" /> <meta property="og:description" content="The official journal of the European Orthodontic Society. Publishes clinical and research papers aimed at orthodontists, covering techniques as well as different approaches to treatment planning, and extending the scientific basis of orthodontics." /> <meta property="og:type" content="website" /> <meta property="og:url" content="https://academic.oup.com/ejo/ejo" /> <meta property="og:updated_time" content="" /> <meta property="og:image" content="https://academic.oup.com/data/sitebuilderassetsoriginals/live/images/ejo/ejo_ogimage.png" /> <meta property="og:image:url" content="https://academic.oup.com/data/sitebuilderassetsoriginals/live/images/ejo/ejo_ogimage.png" /> <meta property="og:image:secure_url" content="https://academic.oup.com/data/sitebuilderassetsoriginals/live/images/ejo/ejo_ogimage.png" /> <meta property="og:image:alt" content="site image" /> <meta name="twitter:card" content="summary_large_image" /> <link rel="canonical" href="https://academic.oup.com/ejo" /> <meta name="description" content="The official journal of the European Orthodontic Society. Publishes clinical and research papers aimed at orthodontists, covering techniques as well as"> <script> var SCM = SCM || {}; SCM.pubGradeAdsEnabled = false; </script> <script async="async" src="https://securepubads.g.doubleclick.net/tag/js/gpt.js"></script> <script> var googletag = googletag || {}; googletag.cmd = googletag.cmd || []; </script> <script type='text/javascript'> var gptAdSlots = []; googletag.cmd.push(function() { var mapping_ad1 = googletag.sizeMapping() .addSize([1024, 0], [[970, 90], [728, 90]]) .addSize([768, 0], [728, 90]) .addSize([0, 0], [320, 50]) .build(); gptAdSlots["ad1"] = googletag.defineSlot('/116097782/ejo_Home_Ad1', [[970, 90], [728, 90], [320, 50]], 'adBlockHeader') .defineSizeMapping(mapping_ad1) .addService(googletag.pubads()); var mapping_ad2 = googletag.sizeMapping() .addSize([768, 0], [[300, 250]]) .build(); gptAdSlots["ad2"] = googletag.defineSlot('/116097782/ejo_Home_Ad2', [300, 250], 'adBlockMainBodyTop') .defineSizeMapping(mapping_ad2) .addService(googletag.pubads()); var mapping_ad4 = googletag.sizeMapping() .addSize([0,0], [320, 50]) .addSize([768, 0], [728, 90]) .build(); gptAdSlots["ad4"] = googletag.defineSlot('/116097782/ejo_Home_Ad4', [728, 90], 'adBlockFooter') .defineSizeMapping(mapping_ad4) .addService(googletag.pubads()); var mapping_ad6 = googletag.sizeMapping() .addSize([1024, 0], [[970, 90], [728, 90]]) .addSize([768, 0], [728, 90]) .addSize([0, 0], [320, 50]) .build(); gptAdSlots["ad6"] = googletag.defineSlot('/116097782/ejo_Home_Ad6', [[728, 90], [970, 90]], 'adBlockStickyFooter') .defineSizeMapping(mapping_ad6) .addService(googletag.pubads()); gptAdSlots["adInterstitial"] = googletag.defineOutOfPageSlot('/116097782/ejo_Interstitial_Ad', googletag.enums.OutOfPageFormat.INTERSTITIAL) .addService(googletag.pubads()); googletag.pubads().addEventListener('slotRenderEnded', function (event) { if (!event.isEmpty) { $('.js-' + event.slot.getSlotElementId()).each(function () { if ($(this).find('iframe').length) { $(this).removeClass('hide'); } }); } }); googletag.pubads().addEventListener('impressionViewable', function (event) { if (!event.isEmpty) { $('.js-' + event.slot.getSlotElementId()).each(function () { var $adblockDiv = $(this).find('.js-adblock'); var $adText = $(this).find('.js-adblock-advertisement-text'); if ($adblockDiv && $adblockDiv.is(':visible') && $adblockDiv.find('*').length > 1) { $adText.removeClass('hide'); App.CenterAdBlock.Init($adblockDiv, $adText); } else { $adText.addClass('hide'); } //Initialize logic for Sticky Footer Ad var $stickyFooterDiv = $(this).parents('.js-sticky-footer-ad'); if ($stickyFooterDiv && $stickyFooterDiv.is(':visible') && $stickyFooterDiv.find('*').length > 1) { App.StickyFooterAd.Init(); } }); } }); googletag.pubads().setTargeting("jnlspage", ""); googletag.pubads().setTargeting("jnlsurl", "ejo"); googletag.pubads().enableSingleRequest(); googletag.pubads().disableInitialLoad(); googletag.pubads().collapseEmptyDivs(); googletag.enableServices(); }); </script> <input type="hidden" class="hfInterstitial" data-interstitiallinks="ejo/issue,ejo/advance-articles,ejo/advance-article,ejo/supplements,ejo/article,ejo/article-abstract,ejo/pages" data-subdomain="ejo" /> <script type="text/javascript"> var NTPT_PGEXTRA= 'event_type=home&supplier_tag=SC_Journals&siteid=eortho&authzrequired=false'; </script> </head> <body data-sitename="europeanjournaloforthodontics" class="off-canvas pg_Index pg_index ccms " theme-ejo data-sitestyletemplate="Journal" > <noscript> <iframe src="https://www.googletagmanager.com/ns.html?id=GTM-W6DD7HV" height="0" width="0" style="display:none;visibility:hidden"></iframe> </noscript> <a href="#skipNav" class="skipnav">Skip to Main Content</a> <input id="hdnSiteID" name="hdnSiteID" type="hidden" value="5380" /><input id="hdnAdDelaySeconds" name="hdnAdDelaySeconds" type="hidden" value="8000" /><input id="hdnAdConfigurationTop" name="hdnAdConfigurationTop" type="hidden" value="scrolldelay" /><input id="hdnAdConfigurationRightRail" name="hdnAdConfigurationRightRail" type="hidden" value="sticky" /> <div class="master-container js-master-container"> <section class="master-header row js-master-header vt-site-page-header"> <div class="widget widget-SitePageHeader widget-instance-SitePageHeader"> <div class="ad-banner js-ad-banner-header"> <div class="widget widget-AdBlock widget-instance-HeaderAd"> <div class="js-adBlock-parent-wrap adblock-parent-wrap"> <div class="adBlockHeader-wrap js-adBlockHeader hide"> <div id="adBlockHeader" class="js-adblock at-adblock" data-lazy-load-margin="150"> <script> googletag.cmd.push(function () { googletag.display('adBlockHeader'); }); </script> </div> <div class="advertisement-text at-adblock js-adblock-advertisement-text hide">Advertisement intended for healthcare professionals</div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="oup-header sigma "> <div class="center-inner-row"> <div class="oup-header-logo"> <a href="/"> <img src="//oup.silverchair-cdn.com/UI/app/svg/umbrella/oxford-academic-logo.svg" alt="Oxford Academic" class="oup-header-image at-oup-header-image " /> </a> </div> <div class="widget widget-CustomNavLinks widget-instance-CustomNavLinksDeskTop"> <div class="custom-nav-links-box"> <div class="custom-nav-link"> <a href="/journals">Journals</a> </div> <div class="custom-nav-link"> <a href="/books">Books</a> </div> </div> </div> <ul class="oup-header-menu account-menu sigma-account-menu "> <li class="oup-header-menu-item mobile"> <a href="javascript:;" class="mobile-dropdown-toggle mobile-search-toggle"> <i class="icon-menu_search"><span class="screenreader-text">Search Menu</span></i> </a> </li> <li class="oup-header-menu-item mobile info-icon-menu-item"> <a href="/pages/information" target="_blank" class="at-info-button sigma-info-wrapper" role="button"> <img class="sigma-info-icon" src="//oup.silverchair-cdn.com/UI/app/svg/i.svg" alt="Information" /> </a> </li> <li class="oup-header-menu-item mobile account-icon-menu-item"> <a href="javascript:;" class="account-button js-account-button at-account-button " role="button" data-turnawayparams="journal%3dejo"> <img class="sigma-account-icon" src="//oup.silverchair-cdn.com/UI/app/svg/account.svg" alt="Account" /> </a> </li> <li class="oup-header-menu-item mobile"> <a href="javascript:;" class="mobile-dropdown-toggle mobile-nav-toggle"> <i class="icon-menu_hamburger"><span class="screenreader-text">Menu</span></i> </a> </li> <li class="oup-header-menu-item desktop info-icon-menu-item"> <a href="/pages/information" target="_blank" class="at-info-button sigma-info-wrapper" role="button"> <img class="sigma-info-icon" src="//oup.silverchair-cdn.com/UI/app/svg/i.svg" alt="Information" /> </a> </li> <li class="oup-header-menu-item desktop account-icon-menu-item"> <a href="javascript:;" class="account-button js-account-button at-account-button sigma-logo-wrapper" role="button" data-turnawayparams="journal%3dejo"> <img class="sigma-account-icon" src="//oup.silverchair-cdn.com/UI/app/svg/account.svg" alt="Account" /> </a> </li> <li class="oup-header-menu-item desktop account-icon-menu-item"> <div class="widget widget-SeamlessAccess widget-instance-SitePageHeader"> <a href="javascript:;" class="js-shibboleth-action seamless-access-button seamless-button-header button-call-to-action at-institutional-sign-in" rel="nofollow" data-action-type="" data-entity-id=""> <span class="seamless-access-text">Sign in through your institution</span> </a> </div> </li> </ul> <div class="login-box-placeholder js-login-box-placeholder hide"> <div class="spinner"></div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="dropdown-panel-wrap"> <div class="dropdown-panel mobile-search-dropdown"> <div class="mobile-search-inner-wrap"> <div class="navbar-search"> <div class="mobile-microsite-search"> <label for="SitePageHeader-mobile-navbar-search-filter" class="screenreader-text js-mobile-navbar-search-filter-label"> Navbar Search Filter </label> <select class="mobile-navbar-search-filter js-mobile-navbar-search-filter at-navbar-search-filter" id="SitePageHeader-mobile-navbar-search-filter"> <option class="navbar-search-filter-option at-navbar-search-filter-option" value="">European Journal of Orthodontics</option> <optgroup class="navbar-search-optgroup" label="Search across Oxford Academic"> <option class="navbar-search-filter-option at-navbar-search-filter-option" value="AcademicSubjects/MED00500">Restorative Dentistry and Orthodontics</option><option class="navbar-search-filter-option at-navbar-search-filter-option" value="Books">Books</option><option class="navbar-search-filter-option at-navbar-search-filter-option" value="Journals">Journals</option><option class="navbar-search-filter-option at-navbar-search-filter-option" value="Umbrella">Oxford Academic</option> </optgroup> </select> <label for="SitePageHeader-mobile-microsite-search-term" class="screenreader-text js-mobile-microsite-search-term-label"> Mobile Enter search term </label> <input class="mobile-search-input mobile-microsite-search-term js-mobile-microsite-search-term at-microsite-search-term" type="text" maxlength="255" placeholder="Search" id="SitePageHeader-mobile-microsite-search-term"> <a href="javascript:;" class="mobile-microsite-search-icon mobile-search-submit icon-menu_search"> <span class="screenreader-text">Search</span> </a> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="dropdown-panel mobile-nav-dropdown"> <ul class="site-menu site-menu-lvl-0 at-site-menu"> <li class="site-menu-item site-menu-lvl-0 at-site-menu-item" id="site-menu-item-1702871"> <a href="/ejo/issue" class="nav-link"> Issues </a> </li> <li class="site-menu-item site-menu-lvl-0 at-site-menu-item" id="site-menu-item-1702868"> <a href="javascript:;" class="nav-link js-nav-dropdown at-nav-dropdown" role="button" aria-expanded="false"> Submit <i class="desktop-nav-arrow icon-general-arrow-filled-down arrow-icon"></i> </a> <i class="mobile-nav-arrow icon-general_arrow-down"></i> <ul class="site-menu site-menu-lvl-1 at-site-menu"> <li class="site-menu-item site-menu-lvl-1 at-site-menu-item" id="site-menu-item-1702872"> <a href="https://academic.oup.com/ejo/pages/author-guidelines" class="nav-link"> Author Guidelines </a> </li> <li class="site-menu-item site-menu-lvl-1 at-site-menu-item" id="site-menu-item-1702873"> <a href="http://mc.manuscriptcentral.com/ejo" class="nav-link"> Submission Site </a> </li> <li class="site-menu-item site-menu-lvl-1 at-site-menu-item" id="site-menu-item-1702874"> <a href="/ejo/pages/General_Instructions" class="nav-link"> Open Access </a> </li> <li class="site-menu-item site-menu-lvl-1 at-site-menu-item" id="site-menu-item-1702875"> <a href="https://academic.oup.com/ejo/pages/top-reasons-to-publish-with-ejo?login=true" class="nav-link"> Why Publish with EJO </a> </li> </ul> </li> <li class="site-menu-item site-menu-lvl-0 at-site-menu-item" id="site-menu-item-1702876"> <a href="/ejo/subscribe" class="nav-link"> Purchase </a> </li> <li class="site-menu-item site-menu-lvl-0 at-site-menu-item" id="site-menu-item-1702869"> <a href="javascript:;" class="nav-link js-nav-dropdown at-nav-dropdown" role="button" aria-expanded="false"> Advertise <i class="desktop-nav-arrow icon-general-arrow-filled-down arrow-icon"></i> </a> <i class="mobile-nav-arrow icon-general_arrow-down"></i> <ul class="site-menu site-menu-lvl-1 at-site-menu"> <li class="site-menu-item site-menu-lvl-1 at-site-menu-item" id="site-menu-item-1702877"> <a href="https://academic.oup.com/advertising-and-corporate-services/pages/ejo-media-kit" class="nav-link"> Advertising and Corporate Services </a> </li> <li class="site-menu-item site-menu-lvl-1 at-site-menu-item" id="site-menu-item-1702878"> <a href="https://academic.oup.com/advertising-and-corporate-services/pages/digital-advertising" class="nav-link"> Advertising </a> </li> <li class="site-menu-item site-menu-lvl-1 at-site-menu-item" id="site-menu-item-1702879"> <a href="https://academic.oup.com/advertising-and-corporate-services/pages/ejo-media-kit" class="nav-link"> Mediakit </a> </li> <li class="site-menu-item site-menu-lvl-1 at-site-menu-item" id="site-menu-item-1702880"> <a href="https://academic.oup.com/advertising-and-corporate-services/pages/reprints" class="nav-link"> Reprints and ePrints </a> </li> <li class="site-menu-item site-menu-lvl-1 at-site-menu-item" id="site-menu-item-1702881"> <a href="https://academic.oup.com/advertising-and-corporate-services/pages/supplements" class="nav-link"> Sponsored Supplements </a> </li> <li class="site-menu-item site-menu-lvl-1 at-site-menu-item" id="site-menu-item-1702882"> <a href="https://academic.oup.com/advertising-and-corporate-services/pages/branded-books" class="nav-link"> Branded Books </a> </li> <li class="site-menu-item site-menu-lvl-1 at-site-menu-item" id="site-menu-item-1702883"> <a href="http://medicine-and-health-careernetwork.oxfordjournals.org" class="nav-link"> Journals Career Network </a> </li> </ul> </li> <li class="site-menu-item site-menu-lvl-0 at-site-menu-item" id="site-menu-item-1702870"> <a href="javascript:;" class="nav-link js-nav-dropdown at-nav-dropdown" role="button" aria-expanded="false"> About <i class="desktop-nav-arrow icon-general-arrow-filled-down arrow-icon"></i> </a> <i class="mobile-nav-arrow icon-general_arrow-down"></i> <ul class="site-menu site-menu-lvl-1 at-site-menu"> <li class="site-menu-item site-menu-lvl-1 at-site-menu-item" id="site-menu-item-1702884"> <a href="/ejo/pages/About" class="nav-link"> About The European Journal of Orthodontics </a> </li> <li class="site-menu-item site-menu-lvl-1 at-site-menu-item" id="site-menu-item-1702885"> <a href="http://www.eoseurope.org/" class="nav-link"> About the European Orthodontic Society </a> </li> <li class="site-menu-item site-menu-lvl-1 at-site-menu-item" id="site-menu-item-1702886"> <a href="/ejo/pages/Editorial_Board" class="nav-link"> Editorial Board </a> </li> <li class="site-menu-item site-menu-lvl-1 at-site-menu-item" id="site-menu-item-1702887"> <a href="https://academic.oup.com/my-account/email-alerts" class="nav-link"> Alerts </a> </li> <li class="site-menu-item site-menu-lvl-1 at-site-menu-item" id="site-menu-item-1702888"> <a href="https://academic.oup.com/journals/pages/access_purchase/rights_and_permissions/self_archiving_policy_b" class="nav-link"> Self-Archiving Policy </a> </li> <li class="site-menu-item site-menu-lvl-1 at-site-menu-item" id="site-menu-item-1702889"> <a href="http://www.oxfordjournals.org/en/authors/offprints.html" class="nav-link"> Dispatch Dates </a> </li> <li class="site-menu-item site-menu-lvl-1 at-site-menu-item" id="site-menu-item-1702890"> <a href="http://academic.oup.com/journals/pages/contact_us" class="nav-link"> Contact Us </a> </li> </ul> </li> <li class="site-menu-item site-menu-lvl-0 at-site-menu-item" id="site-menu-item-custom"> <a href="/journals" class="nav-link">Journals on Oxford Academic</a> </li> <li class="site-menu-item site-menu-lvl-0 at-site-menu-item" id="site-menu-item-custom"> <a href="/books" class="nav-link">Books on Oxford Academic</a> </li> </ul> </div> </div> <div class="journal-header journal-bg"> <div class="center-inner-row"> <h1 class="journal-logo-container" title="European Journal of Orthodontics"> <img id="logo-EuropeanJournalofOrthodontics" class="journal-logo" src="//oup.silverchair-cdn.com/data/SiteBuilderAssets/Live/Images/ejo/ejo_title56621747.svg" alt="European Journal of Orthodontics" /> </h1> <div class="society-logo-block"> <div class="society-block-inner-wrap"> <a href="http://www.eoseurope.org/" target="" class="society-logo-container"> <img id="logo-EuropeanOrthodonticSociety" class="society-logo" src="//oup.silverchair-cdn.com/data/SiteBuilderAssets/Live/Images/ejo/ejo_h12084057031.png" alt="European Orthodontic Society" /> </a> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="navbar"> <div class="center-inner-row"> <nav class="navbar-menu"> <ul class="site-menu site-menu-lvl-0 at-site-menu"> <li class="site-menu-item site-menu-lvl-0 at-site-menu-item" id="site-menu-item-1702871"> <a href="/ejo/issue" class="nav-link"> Issues </a> </li> <li class="site-menu-item site-menu-lvl-0 at-site-menu-item" id="site-menu-item-1702868"> <a href="javascript:;" class="nav-link js-nav-dropdown at-nav-dropdown" role="button" aria-expanded="false"> Submit <i class="desktop-nav-arrow icon-general-arrow-filled-down arrow-icon"></i> </a> <i class="mobile-nav-arrow icon-general_arrow-down"></i> <ul class="site-menu site-menu-lvl-1 at-site-menu"> <li class="site-menu-item site-menu-lvl-1 at-site-menu-item" id="site-menu-item-1702872"> <a href="https://academic.oup.com/ejo/pages/author-guidelines" class="nav-link"> Author Guidelines </a> </li> <li class="site-menu-item site-menu-lvl-1 at-site-menu-item" id="site-menu-item-1702873"> <a href="http://mc.manuscriptcentral.com/ejo" class="nav-link"> Submission Site </a> </li> <li class="site-menu-item site-menu-lvl-1 at-site-menu-item" id="site-menu-item-1702874"> <a href="/ejo/pages/General_Instructions" class="nav-link"> Open Access </a> </li> <li class="site-menu-item site-menu-lvl-1 at-site-menu-item" id="site-menu-item-1702875"> <a href="https://academic.oup.com/ejo/pages/top-reasons-to-publish-with-ejo?login=true" class="nav-link"> Why Publish with EJO </a> </li> </ul> </li> <li class="site-menu-item site-menu-lvl-0 at-site-menu-item" id="site-menu-item-1702876"> <a href="/ejo/subscribe" class="nav-link"> Purchase </a> </li> <li class="site-menu-item site-menu-lvl-0 at-site-menu-item" id="site-menu-item-1702869"> <a href="javascript:;" class="nav-link js-nav-dropdown at-nav-dropdown" role="button" aria-expanded="false"> Advertise <i class="desktop-nav-arrow icon-general-arrow-filled-down arrow-icon"></i> </a> <i class="mobile-nav-arrow icon-general_arrow-down"></i> <ul class="site-menu site-menu-lvl-1 at-site-menu"> <li class="site-menu-item site-menu-lvl-1 at-site-menu-item" id="site-menu-item-1702877"> <a href="https://academic.oup.com/advertising-and-corporate-services/pages/ejo-media-kit" class="nav-link"> Advertising and Corporate Services </a> </li> <li class="site-menu-item site-menu-lvl-1 at-site-menu-item" id="site-menu-item-1702878"> <a href="https://academic.oup.com/advertising-and-corporate-services/pages/digital-advertising" class="nav-link"> Advertising </a> </li> <li class="site-menu-item site-menu-lvl-1 at-site-menu-item" id="site-menu-item-1702879"> <a href="https://academic.oup.com/advertising-and-corporate-services/pages/ejo-media-kit" class="nav-link"> Mediakit </a> </li> <li class="site-menu-item site-menu-lvl-1 at-site-menu-item" id="site-menu-item-1702880"> <a href="https://academic.oup.com/advertising-and-corporate-services/pages/reprints" class="nav-link"> Reprints and ePrints </a> </li> <li class="site-menu-item site-menu-lvl-1 at-site-menu-item" id="site-menu-item-1702881"> <a href="https://academic.oup.com/advertising-and-corporate-services/pages/supplements" class="nav-link"> Sponsored Supplements </a> </li> <li class="site-menu-item site-menu-lvl-1 at-site-menu-item" id="site-menu-item-1702882"> <a href="https://academic.oup.com/advertising-and-corporate-services/pages/branded-books" class="nav-link"> Branded Books </a> </li> <li class="site-menu-item site-menu-lvl-1 at-site-menu-item" id="site-menu-item-1702883"> <a href="http://medicine-and-health-careernetwork.oxfordjournals.org" class="nav-link"> Journals Career Network </a> </li> </ul> </li> <li class="site-menu-item site-menu-lvl-0 at-site-menu-item" id="site-menu-item-1702870"> <a href="javascript:;" class="nav-link js-nav-dropdown at-nav-dropdown" role="button" aria-expanded="false"> About <i class="desktop-nav-arrow icon-general-arrow-filled-down arrow-icon"></i> </a> <i class="mobile-nav-arrow icon-general_arrow-down"></i> <ul class="site-menu site-menu-lvl-1 at-site-menu"> <li class="site-menu-item site-menu-lvl-1 at-site-menu-item" id="site-menu-item-1702884"> <a href="/ejo/pages/About" class="nav-link"> About The European Journal of Orthodontics </a> </li> <li class="site-menu-item site-menu-lvl-1 at-site-menu-item" id="site-menu-item-1702885"> <a href="http://www.eoseurope.org/" class="nav-link"> About the European Orthodontic Society </a> </li> <li class="site-menu-item site-menu-lvl-1 at-site-menu-item" id="site-menu-item-1702886"> <a href="/ejo/pages/Editorial_Board" class="nav-link"> Editorial Board </a> </li> <li class="site-menu-item site-menu-lvl-1 at-site-menu-item" id="site-menu-item-1702887"> <a href="https://academic.oup.com/my-account/email-alerts" class="nav-link"> Alerts </a> </li> <li class="site-menu-item site-menu-lvl-1 at-site-menu-item" id="site-menu-item-1702888"> <a href="https://academic.oup.com/journals/pages/access_purchase/rights_and_permissions/self_archiving_policy_b" class="nav-link"> Self-Archiving Policy </a> </li> <li class="site-menu-item site-menu-lvl-1 at-site-menu-item" id="site-menu-item-1702889"> <a href="http://www.oxfordjournals.org/en/authors/offprints.html" class="nav-link"> Dispatch Dates </a> </li> <li class="site-menu-item site-menu-lvl-1 at-site-menu-item" id="site-menu-item-1702890"> <a href="http://academic.oup.com/journals/pages/contact_us" class="nav-link"> Contact Us </a> </li> </ul> </li> </ul> </nav> <div class="navbar-search-container js-navbar-search-container"> <a href="javascript:;" class="navbar-search-close js_close-navsearch">Close</a> <div class="navbar-search"> <div class="microsite-search"> <label for="SitePageHeader-navbar-search-filter" class="screenreader-text js-navbar-search-filter-label"> Navbar Search Filter </label> <select class="navbar-search-filter js-navbar-search-filter at-navbar-search-filter" id="SitePageHeader-navbar-search-filter"> <option class="navbar-search-filter-option at-navbar-search-filter-option" value="">European Journal of Orthodontics</option> <optgroup class="navbar-search-optgroup" label="Search across Oxford Academic"> <option class="navbar-search-filter-option at-navbar-search-filter-option" value="AcademicSubjects/MED00500">Restorative Dentistry and Orthodontics</option><option class="navbar-search-filter-option at-navbar-search-filter-option" value="Books">Books</option><option class="navbar-search-filter-option at-navbar-search-filter-option" value="Journals">Journals</option><option class="navbar-search-filter-option at-navbar-search-filter-option" value="Umbrella">Oxford Academic</option> </optgroup> </select> <label for="SitePageHeader-microsite-search-term" class="screenreader-text js-microsite-search-term-label"> Enter search term </label> <input class="navbar-search-input microsite-search-term js-microsite-search-term at-microsite-search-term" type="text" maxlength="255" placeholder="Search" id="SitePageHeader-microsite-search-term"> <a href="javascript:;" class="microsite-search-icon navbar-search-submit icon-menu_search"> <span class="screenreader-text">Search</span> </a> </div> </div> <input id="hfCurrentBookSearch" name="hfCurrentBookSearch" type="hidden" value="" /><input id="hfCurrentBookScope" name="hfCurrentBookScope" type="hidden" value="CurrentBook" /><input id="hfBookSiteScope" name="hfBookSiteScope" type="hidden" value="Books" /><input id="hfSeriesScope" name="hfSeriesScope" type="hidden" value="taxWithOr" /><input id="hfParentSiteName" name="hfParentSiteName" type="hidden" value="Oxford Academic" /><input id="hfParentSiteUrl" name="hfParentSiteUrl" type="hidden" value="academic.oup.com" /><input id="hfSiteID" name="hfSiteID" type="hidden" value="5380" /><input id="hfParentSiteID" name="hfParentSiteID" type="hidden" value="191" /><input id="hfJournalSiteScope" name="hfJournalSiteScope" type="hidden" value="Journals" /><input id="hfParentSiteScope" name="hfParentSiteScope" type="hidden" value="Parent" /><input id="hfDefaultSearchURL" name="hfDefaultSearchURL" type="hidden" value="search-results?page=1&amp;q=" /><input id="hfIssueSearch" name="hfIssueSearch" type="hidden" value="" /><input id="hfIssueSiteScope" name="hfIssueSiteScope" type="hidden" value="Issue" /><input id="hfUmbrellaScope" name="hfUmbrellaScope" type="hidden" value="Umbrella" /><input id="hfUmbrellaSiteUrl" name="hfUmbrellaSiteUrl" type="hidden" value="academic.oup.com" /><input id="hfUmbrellaSiteId" name="hfUmbrellaSiteId" type="hidden" value="191" /><input id="hfDefaultAdvancedSearchUrl" name="hfDefaultAdvancedSearchUrl" type="hidden" value="advanced-search?page=1&amp;q=" /><input id="hfTaggedCollectionScope" name="hfTaggedCollectionScope" type="hidden" value="" /> <div class="navbar-search-advanced"><a href="/ejo/advanced-search" class="advanced-search js-advanced-search">Advanced Search</a></div> </div> <div class="navbar-search-collapsed"><a href="javascript:;" class="icon-menu_search js_expand-navsearch"><span class="screenreader-text">Search Menu</span></a></div> </div> </div> <input type="hidden" name="searchScope" id="hfSolrJournalID" value="" /> <input type="hidden" id="hfSolrJournalName" value="" /> <input type="hidden" id="hfSolrMaxAllowSearchChar" value="100" /> <input type="hidden" id="hfJournalShortName" value="" /> <input type="hidden" id="hfSearchPlaceholder" value="" /> <input type="hidden" name="hfGlobalSearchSiteURL" id="hfGlobalSearchSiteURL" value="" /> <input type="hidden" name="hfSearchSiteURL" id="hfSiteURL" value="academic.oup.com/ejo" /> <input type="hidden" name="RedirectSiteUrl" id="RedirectSiteUrl" value="httpszazjzjacademiczwoupzwcom" /> <script type="text/javascript"> (function () { var hfSiteUrl = document.getElementById('hfSiteURL'); var siteUrl = hfSiteUrl.value; var subdomainIndex = siteUrl.indexOf('/'); hfSiteUrl.value = location.host + (subdomainIndex >= 0 ? siteUrl.substring(subdomainIndex) : ''); })(); </script> <input id="routename" name="RouteName" type="hidden" value="ejo" /> </div> </section> <div class="widget widget-SitewideBanner widget-instance-"> </div> <div id="main" class="content-main js-main ui-base"> <section class="master-main row"> <div class="center-inner-row no-overflow"> <div id="skipNav" tabindex="-1"></div> <div class="large-12"> <div class="index-inner-wrap"> <div class="location-main-content"> <div id="cloudCMS" class="home-cms"><div id="mainContent" ><div class="rows"> <div class="row megarow"> <div class="rowInner"> <div class="main"> <div class="topBlock" > <div class="currentIssue"> <div class="widget widget-IssueInfo widget-instance-Home_MainContentB0Home_Row1_IssueInfo"> <div id="issueInfo-Home_MainContentB0Home_Row1_IssueInfo" class="widget-info-wrap clearfix"> <a class="widget-IssueInfo__link" href="/ejo/issue/46/6"> <div class="article-issue-img"> <img id="issueImage" class="fb-featured-image widget-IssueInfo__img" src="https://oup.silverchair-cdn.com/oup/backfile/Content_public/Journal/ejo/Issue/46/6/12/m_cover.jpeg?Expires=1735413855&amp;Signature=IPNtlCyuEYczk3a3GC4PorLMp883E6Kpbq7RL~iDDt3B971HMksIuHbmKcICY4hMrGXxUjJiikkhtl-ZJThZOOJZ1~sTJAyKSf56UEk8yIvoGtEd984lDF96kgYg78Kg8gTqKLVbBHYTDwv0WrhZgXPJ9J5p9CEsUZgvmHLrz8xED9iVDRTV5vlyyfuVwpzfaYmEvDWMyKh3IDYtHTASV~PYCkQ5YSDE2IXTJ-avgKcNxFRUHAnFw45E069w6DQSNfc1BDGjN4xJ0Bc~6MOROFhGuao05RpwTcFxxugipPD-JVLy-nQaMSGy60URF~cXyigSBrZUMRVdXUtKlmFLLA__&amp;Key-Pair-Id=APKAIE5G5CRDK6RD3PGA" alt="Issue Cover" /> </div> <div class="current-issue-title widget-IssueInfo__title"> Latest Issue </div> <div class="article-issue-info widget-IssueInfo__desc"> <span class="volume trailing-comma">Volume 46</span> <span class="issue">Issue 6</span> <div class="ii-pub-date"> December 2024 </div> </div> </a> </div> </div> </div> <div class="contentListing complexListing featured"> <div class="contentListingItem"> <div class="contentListingItemTitle"><a href="https://academic.oup.com/ejo/pages/call-for-editor">Apply for our Editor-in-Chief position</a></div> <div class="contributors"> </div> <div class="snippet"> <p><em>European Journal of Orthodontics</em>&nbsp;is currently recruiting for a new Editor-in-Chief. Read through the job description and apply today.</p> <p><a data-link-id="5fb01659-39d1-4bc0-b80f-62f4a88a04a5" href="https://academic.oup.com/ejo/pages/call-for-editor">Find out more and apply here.</a></p> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="panels" columns="1" > <div class="col"> <div class="contentListing complexListing"> <div class="widget widget-SelectableContentList widget-instance-Home_MainContentB0SD_EJO_LatestArticles_9361"> <div class="widget-layout widget-layout--vert "> <h3 class="widget-dynamic-title"> Latest Articles </h3> <div class="widget-columns widget-col-2"> <div class="col"> <div class="widget-dynamic-entry journalArticleItem at-widget-entry-SCL"> <span class="hfDoi" data-attribute="10.1093/ejo/cjae064" aria-hidden="true"></span> <a class="journal-link" href="/ejo/article/46/6/cjae064/7906245?searchresult=1"> <div class="widget-dynamic-journal-title"> Indicators of transparency and data sharing in scientific writing in published randomized controlled trials in orthodontic journals between 2019 and 2023: an empirical study. </div> </a> <div class="widget-dynamic-journal-authors"> Sophie Schueller and others </div> <div class="widget-dynamic-journal-image-synopsis"> <div class="widget-dynamic-journal-synopsis"> <img src="https://oup.silverchair-cdn.com/oup/backfile/Content_public/Journal/ejo/46/6/10.1093_ejo_cjae064/1/cjae064_fig1.jpeg?Expires=1735412599&amp;Signature=CZwh4xpENoBoOP4bDiHaho78qGvCqQnVlHfeshw12uMYjuhM~D7-ejO44Tqo2iB73LBINv9c3O8HN7u1wsUwgIOAWkDPRUh79vk~9eHbD1tB-Mo1QmnjXyITNR4y-HS6TqcXGQv3lhtoVjXXTSYlaozKLFfPtHrO07PwUsTztaFUZlriO4ejTsf6-KRnFn3h~H8I~i3pwCiPC9NhR8dxK6loKQilwoW~Np5Q-bkTntzHMQx~dBHD04pSkoWYpmrf5XWuva~2rGc~kofoFCTQyMYcGSPX8wm-snTcMtewidhJ8uZ~alTqXUwWod3rYtb3EBlsNABXJS7HRvPOdQl7ew__&amp;Key-Pair-Id=APKAIE5G5CRDK6RD3PGA" width="115px" class="widget-dynamic-journal-featured-image" /> Aim To identify data sharing practices of authors of randomized-controlled trials (RCTs) in indexed orthodontic journals and explore associations between published reports and several publication characteristics. Materials and methods RCTs from indexed orthodontic journals in major databases, ... </div> </div> </div> <div class="widget-dynamic-entry journalArticleItem at-widget-entry-SCL"> <span class="hfDoi" data-attribute="10.1093/ejo/cjae069" aria-hidden="true"></span> <a class="journal-link" href="/ejo/article/46/6/cjae069/7900806?searchresult=1"> <div class="widget-dynamic-journal-title"> Correction to: Unilateral nasal obstruction mediates reversible morphological and phenotypic changes in masticatory muscles of growing rats </div> </a> <div class="widget-dynamic-journal-image-synopsis"> <div class="widget-dynamic-journal-synopsis"> This is a correction to: Shuntaro Iwaki, Ikuo Yonemitsu, Makoto Tabata, Mirei Keitoku, Hao Guan, Takashi Ono, Unilateral nasal obstruction mediates reversible morphological and phenotypic changes in masticatory muscles of growing rats, European Journal of Orthodontics , Volume 46, Issue 2, April ... </div> </div> </div> <div class="widget-dynamic-entry journalArticleItem at-widget-entry-SCL"> <span class="hfDoi" data-attribute="10.1093/ejo/cjae063" aria-hidden="true"></span> <a class="journal-link" href="/ejo/article/46/6/cjae063/7900134?searchresult=1"> <div class="widget-dynamic-journal-title"> Effects of aging on the tensile strength and surface condition of orthodontic aligners: a comparative study of five models </div> </a> <div class="widget-dynamic-journal-authors"> Lucie Kuntz and others </div> <div class="widget-dynamic-journal-image-synopsis"> <div class="widget-dynamic-journal-synopsis"> <img src="https://oup.silverchair-cdn.com/oup/backfile/Content_public/Journal/ejo/46/6/10.1093_ejo_cjae063/1/cjae063_fig1.jpeg?Expires=1735412599&amp;Signature=0TTAEaIxFYWE9ur2Xe5xFWjkItpf6k9aNA3t9xRrIxOxaGCFCMMLaPLCyd6S3UjaP8n5eyCFE8iYUruZxxdyQeakqWlnMMJYv28PaPRf7Eo2JB5a~tcgOnmT2MJZXjLwKMbRrBnlc7YzTyp3dLSPzI1sCDRyMRdwQmHqSKIa1~THMsZTVRcr6ubUBt~nl-Ajn8PkFY6C4hXaZbxN2DA8PDsdIWLd3mda5zmQ6EHVsNFWW~Fd5v8wWJ-YHuK~P4s1PcjJpnOYQw~6lTyVRj98gmxkMVKi2aDUymRT7ZunQlkonOos35tfVvsfCDd3i5mSEpfXeR3m83AN-ijukscgpQ__&amp;Key-Pair-Id=APKAIE5G5CRDK6RD3PGA" width="115px" class="widget-dynamic-journal-featured-image" /> Background/Objective The objective of this study is to determine the effect of aging on tensile strength and surface condition of orthodontic aligners on days 0, 1, 5, 7, 10, and 14. Materials/Methods The total sample of 80 aligners included five brands (Accusmile ® , Angel ® , GRAPHY ® , ... </div> </div> </div> <div class="widget-dynamic-entry journalArticleItem at-widget-entry-SCL"> <span class="hfDoi" data-attribute="10.1093/ejo/cjae061" aria-hidden="true"></span> <a class="journal-link" href="/ejo/article/46/6/cjae061/7889209?searchresult=1"> <div class="widget-dynamic-journal-title"> A novel ‘stop-hole’ strategy to extend the fatigue life of orthodontic thermoformed retainers: an <em>in vitro</em> study </div> </a> <div class="widget-dynamic-journal-authors"> Jae Sik Son and others </div> <div class="widget-dynamic-journal-image-synopsis"> <div class="widget-dynamic-journal-synopsis"> <img src="https://oup.silverchair-cdn.com/oup/backfile/Content_public/Journal/ejo/46/6/10.1093_ejo_cjae061/1/cjae061_fig1.jpeg?Expires=1735412599&amp;Signature=Xveoo-HfKd-DuMie926Y1roahb29jt6FyjCexfZHg4P46uc9XTr159KjAoy~CprSK9ilVw5MNJ7u7J3jGOaCcxAwiEn4zEAboykr8XtiUg-dJ65bWc1Ed7r~wwUJlRfNAX3C6FxOTe59w~a4FU0TOgo8JqEY7YAZVzmBVqa48GPBVGTi5DWLz3Pqam4uMaHZehTPGnV3G4RQU7gn0qL42hvl8mUOA8N3mHlhAHfxxd7OHCgExvq2EkW1MBpVz10esQB9XEYHNnoJLh~qgwR8R7q8aopJ13tr2zIl6PPQCTvKQqW0qw-UEzyi32dWIB1JhAX1WYJID3w-3xLvy9RHJg__&amp;Key-Pair-Id=APKAIE5G5CRDK6RD3PGA" width="115px" class="widget-dynamic-journal-featured-image" /> Objectives This study aimed to investigate the potential to limit crack propagation in thermoformed retainers (TRs) and extend their fatigue life by placing a ‘stop-hole’. Methods Thirty-two TRs, fabricated from 1 mm thick, round polyethylene terephthalate glycol (PETG) blanks of ICONIC ® , ... </div> </div> </div> <div class="widget-dynamic-entry journalArticleItem at-widget-entry-SCL"> <span class="hfDoi" data-attribute="10.1093/ejo/cjae062" aria-hidden="true"></span> <a class="journal-link" href="/ejo/article/46/6/cjae062/7851833?searchresult=1"> <div class="widget-dynamic-journal-title"> Correction to: Validation and comparison of 2D grading scales and 3D volumetric measurements for outcome assessment of bone-grafted alveolar clefts in children </div> </a> <div class="widget-dynamic-journal-image-synopsis"> <div class="widget-dynamic-journal-synopsis"> This is a correction to: Mathias Lemberger, Daniel Benchimol, Marie Pegelow, Reinhilde Jacobs, Agneta Karsten, Validation and comparison of 2D grading scales and 3D volumetric measurements for outcome assessment of bone-grafted alveolar clefts in children, European Journal of Orthodontics , Volume ... </div> </div> </div> <div class="widget-dynamic-entry journalArticleItem at-widget-entry-SCL"> <span class="hfDoi" data-attribute="10.1093/ejo/cjae059" aria-hidden="true"></span> <a class="journal-link" href="/ejo/article/46/6/cjae059/7840467?searchresult=1"> <div class="widget-dynamic-journal-title"> Effectiveness of dental arch expansion in the orthodontic treatment with clear aligners: a scoping review </div> </a> <div class="widget-dynamic-journal-authors"> Monica Lídia Santos de Castro Aragon and others </div> <div class="widget-dynamic-journal-image-synopsis"> <div class="widget-dynamic-journal-synopsis"> <img src="https://oup.silverchair-cdn.com/oup/backfile/Content_public/Journal/ejo/46/6/10.1093_ejo_cjae059/1/cjae059_fig1.jpeg?Expires=1735412599&amp;Signature=Wu-c3w-GZe3eiw2wZXmHRtXXck8FFnUcITJd4Lw191iVyhePZCAzvUXMMhnqucATY6XSamNd72yjVFie~gRvWg6J9NtdtraQ~Y5ctL~cEMl5redvesfmw~vRqwHrwpBKJXyVqttekfcZdRdYY3ryLdBh92re9A-RU0Ce7NslWGCh6qeLGDrpLhw3Ny5QlhWl0EddQntSz2RZw2W-MWU69QyAWEjkhZL8cWT8Db6vf74iRpZSjxZ0H6XXOPhe3IXSujXUYsODjO9bxyMgwAZVth6FwHgYK97SSsx4liQXK0WlrMPR153R4n5inXDd9j7aUA7GEHPGBKsJxKaRAl1y0A__&amp;Key-Pair-Id=APKAIE5G5CRDK6RD3PGA" width="115px" class="widget-dynamic-journal-featured-image" /> Background The clinical protocol and effectiveness of dental expansion with Clear Aligner Therapy (CAT), especially among adults is still unclear. There is a need to map and explore knowledge gaps of dental expansion with CAT among children and adults. Objective This scoping review explores the ... </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="col"> <div class="widget-dynamic-entry journalArticleItem at-widget-entry-SCL"> <span class="hfDoi" data-attribute="10.1093/ejo/cjae057" aria-hidden="true"></span> <a class="journal-link" href="/ejo/article/46/6/cjae057/7840466?searchresult=1"> <div class="widget-dynamic-journal-title"> How far do oral lectures at European Orthodontic Society congresses reach? A comparison of abstract publication rates, article citations, and social media mentions </div> </a> <div class="widget-dynamic-journal-authors"> Christos Livas and others </div> <div class="widget-dynamic-journal-image-synopsis"> <div class="widget-dynamic-journal-synopsis"> <img src="https://oup.silverchair-cdn.com/oup/backfile/Content_public/Journal/ejo/46/6/10.1093_ejo_cjae057/1/cjae057_fig1.jpeg?Expires=1735412599&amp;Signature=jC0lQNV4EemhoSZSrE0da3v-fJ3oiZKLwDGFNDaD1z8JJLwqWanXBsLYahgGfjvoh~Pz~BgAbuc46cXtu34lU8TkCERsoIEYDyV7LvpaKXYJ5rSwdq5WrL2hS57Reblx-550JouqAZetGFyFXOJ1X2glZsDTUY~UB41Kwa9gWCcOMEHwo1pESswZ7AS3Gll-nkVQulvAa4U0GpEvz~~S83bqwHbx47SWLebo8VqazmwGjg~SJSbS3xzBWJu3ik6w-hXIeAAGmApZuKT-bJPTeSOtLcVVfmPP2h1VPzmaYXH5BU7~SNpSStZCbcYJmq2Tjg-0Zd8MwEOOKNSr8lb32w__&amp;Key-Pair-Id=APKAIE5G5CRDK6RD3PGA" width="115px" class="widget-dynamic-journal-featured-image" /> Objectives This study investigated the scientific impact of oral abstracts presented in five consecutive European Orthodontic Society (EOS) congresses in terms of full-text publication rates as well as citations and social media metrics (altmetrics) of the resulting articles. Methods PubMed ( ... </div> </div> </div> <div class="widget-dynamic-entry journalArticleItem at-widget-entry-SCL"> <span class="hfDoi" data-attribute="10.1093/ejo/cjae053" aria-hidden="true"></span> <a class="journal-link" href="/ejo/article/46/6/cjae053/7828625?searchresult=1"> <div class="widget-dynamic-journal-title"> Measuring concern about smile appearance among adults </div> </a> <div class="widget-dynamic-journal-authors"> Bianca Nubia Souza Silva and others </div> <div class="widget-dynamic-journal-image-synopsis"> <div class="widget-dynamic-journal-synopsis"> <img src="https://oup.silverchair-cdn.com/oup/backfile/Content_public/Journal/ejo/46/6/10.1093_ejo_cjae053/1/cjae053_fig1.jpeg?Expires=1735412599&amp;Signature=BCSAYtmbuPvN260i1-41SACyb9FHG9QdDz2sJTeF6G6ADp98C1ovYFyIjCkoo5gEkryh3~B97twQ-kOtRBBzhJnK4Qup6YQgwhPB~9G73teAaes24LDhqef2kfqc97gsnyV8ffdmpPgvofg2zXbTLCQsIfCvq~Yd0KqB7Lcfhdv8boIjGlukcuHvypwSMh9NP2XOhvVJZoXBCskDonN8axAY1reUS7GbbGw9khk9nAKabG61uAYzqAg53zCrNpCWtUiEYnq5xBmnMnVoV0l3fP-m6N4WhG-LeTT7Zg-XOYMGnAdYeqvahGT-FBa4gYX1Ch-nYPGhIElJab9cNItKDw__&amp;Key-Pair-Id=APKAIE5G5CRDK6RD3PGA" width="115px" class="widget-dynamic-journal-featured-image" /> Background/Objectives To adapt and estimate the psychometric properties of Utrecht Questionnaire for esthetic outcome assessment in rhinoplasty (OAR) to assess concern about smile appearance and to estimate the influence of demographic characteristics on this concern in adults. Material/Methods ... </div> </div> </div> <div class="widget-dynamic-entry journalArticleItem at-widget-entry-SCL"> <span class="hfDoi" data-attribute="10.1093/ejo/cjae058" aria-hidden="true"></span> <a class="journal-link" href="/ejo/article/46/6/cjae058/7827956?searchresult=1"> <div class="widget-dynamic-journal-title"> Correction to: Influence of vitamin D in orthodontic tooth movement—a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials in humans </div> </a> <div class="widget-dynamic-journal-image-synopsis"> <div class="widget-dynamic-journal-synopsis"> This is a correction to: Akansha Tini, Saravana Kumar Subramanian, Prema Anbarasu, Naveen Munusamy, Bhavana Balamurugan, Arul Antony, Influence of vitamin D in orthodontic tooth movement—a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials in humans, European Journal of ... </div> </div> </div> <div class="widget-dynamic-entry journalArticleItem at-widget-entry-SCL"> <span class="hfDoi" data-attribute="10.1093/ejo/cjae052" aria-hidden="true"></span> <a class="journal-link" href="/ejo/article/46/6/cjae052/7823511?searchresult=1"> <div class="widget-dynamic-journal-title"> Longitudinal study of root resorption on incisors caused by impacted maxillary canines—a clinical and cone beam CT assessment </div> </a> <div class="widget-dynamic-journal-authors"> Anna Dahlén and others </div> <div class="widget-dynamic-journal-image-synopsis"> <div class="widget-dynamic-journal-synopsis"> <img src="https://oup.silverchair-cdn.com/oup/backfile/Content_public/Journal/ejo/46/6/10.1093_ejo_cjae052/1/cjae052_fig1.jpeg?Expires=1735412599&amp;Signature=ikBnz~pRE4~JZilVLTAOSl7gzU7-O1J9Mkl68hWXP0YK1Yk-r5jjUu6beZvOTpC4tbWIUl1yrtW7erAuOFKBEAkqMvil0IfFUjv85vyQtf~pKaEdHYAraW~3VKXDYknk09weXRZ6iGcG-nBFFCzhkNrkdjfjTIHARrMpuo0IH0iv0WBN5HIXSZmSHPqq-dRrj8JFGW9HjyzxqgfCJHRvbzvrmLTE54~CP-R~IxCkVId4xq0kxDPZGZTBZ6W7lB4TAyFg2bOMrrqAk4M45Yw80L91zSyRlKLIkIF2WjyXy-KHYLRJz61BdaDCn7g~JDlxY~KF8ggVUaHA2SjB~PGIFQ__&amp;Key-Pair-Id=APKAIE5G5CRDK6RD3PGA" width="115px" class="widget-dynamic-journal-featured-image" /> Objective To evaluate the long-term status of incisors with canine-induced root resorption (CIRR). Materials and methods Subjects with impacted maxillary canines (IMC) and persisting incisors with CIRR examined with cone beam computed tomography (CBCT), diagnosed ≥ 5 years earlier, were recalled. ... </div> </div> </div> <div class="widget-dynamic-entry journalArticleItem at-widget-entry-SCL"> <span class="hfDoi" data-attribute="10.1093/ejo/cjae055" aria-hidden="true"></span> <a class="journal-link" href="/ejo/article/46/6/cjae055/7823514?searchresult=1"> <div class="widget-dynamic-journal-title"> Biomechanical analysis of the effect of Class II traction configurations and aligner overtreatment on molar distalization: a finite-element study </div> </a> <div class="widget-dynamic-journal-authors"> Jialun Li and others </div> <div class="widget-dynamic-journal-image-synopsis"> <div class="widget-dynamic-journal-synopsis"> <img src="https://oup.silverchair-cdn.com/oup/backfile/Content_public/Journal/ejo/46/6/10.1093_ejo_cjae055/1/cjae055_fig1.jpeg?Expires=1735412599&amp;Signature=YzLopfugPVA~xm0Ti7CvsTwH4Br-Q1o8BKc3JoXaN3wipE4T8tMmT585PcQWvbr8QrYFbXs2AHy-OEE8TVZKbQgwZ-OhUGlKx2JogR165Mjk~dael8gn7gDI6yIXSls5Kkcw-rSmzaqoG-c0dga4VSC1yilQFW3tELWCvfElHc0yBgMnzjIYk-v~hOE3hg9FC9Z9R3qFW6VMx8v8x9ewhq-T-UeHGWYnYcRm09l7qMCl9A6kl85~F~ruRtsswKlhl3-khUmJcIDNPKDsleCUYwGz2Vbiwa4vZaWzh54uiW7weVwWDVxKDRnpfXYCuEKPFjegfz1zkx6vIiuO8lKX4g__&amp;Key-Pair-Id=APKAIE5G5CRDK6RD3PGA" width="115px" class="widget-dynamic-journal-featured-image" /> Objective This study aimed to evaluate the biomechanical effects of aligner overtreatment on molar distalization using clear aligners. Methods Various models were created and integrated into finite-element software. Six distinct study models were devised for analysis. The first three models ... </div> </div> </div> <div class="widget-dynamic-entry journalArticleItem at-widget-entry-SCL"> <span class="hfDoi" data-attribute="10.1093/ejo/cjae054" aria-hidden="true"></span> <a class="journal-link" href="/ejo/article/46/6/cjae054/7815984?searchresult=1"> <div class="widget-dynamic-journal-title"> Spontaneous space closure after extraction of permanent first molars in children and adolescents: a systematic review and meta-analysis </div> </a> <div class="widget-dynamic-journal-authors"> Blend Hamza and others </div> <div class="widget-dynamic-journal-image-synopsis"> <div class="widget-dynamic-journal-synopsis"> <img src="https://oup.silverchair-cdn.com/oup/backfile/Content_public/Journal/ejo/46/6/10.1093_ejo_cjae054/2/cjae054_fig1.jpeg?Expires=1735412599&amp;Signature=LOpKOWZoE8SkVoyhlTBoLJV4bFk4a-XuF24gJ3hg68fvLHZx4fMiB~6hV0vy5Ln8GTBtbYLkNq7aaqbrcMC9je-kZLo48IKFkWF~TBsC735Et4PiCME7Mae10nE8HJrnvAQifxOJWnItfAFPu3f~corTatqsRA2izafHQQwmwxf-JyD~5eFvOcQDUVe63JO9XhiLOwqiGDghGtEh-0X7j2BMm7fYjCT2JlsJVZ6ssUbiWkuHllu60bsvXhOnH1B-cJxZlRwECawQx9TWskQv0a~fOQgkmpe~Hkr7Jjmp3Hj0Lp-JEgoKsOYdKiI~u2bjdyVL~IazkMxCkxOeG65eEw__&amp;Key-Pair-Id=APKAIE5G5CRDK6RD3PGA" width="115px" class="widget-dynamic-journal-featured-image" /> Background Extraction of the permanent first molars is sometimes necessitated in children and adolescents due to deep carious lesions or developmental defects. Objective To estimate the prevalence of spontaneous space closure after extraction of permanent first molars and identify factors ... </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="right" > <div class="ad"> <div class="widget widget-AdBlockDynamic widget-instance-Home_MainContentB0Home_Row1_Ad"> <div class="js-adBlock-parent-wrap"> <div class="adBlockMainBodyTop-wrap js-adBlockMainBodyTop hide"> <div id="adBlockMainBodyTop" class="js-adblock" style=" " data-lazy-load-margin="150"> <script> googletag.cmd.push(function () { googletag.display('adBlockMainBodyTop'); }); </script> </div> <div class="advertisement-text js-adblock-advertisement-text hide">Advertisement intended for healthcare professionals</div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="editable blockLink"> <a href="https://academic.oup.com/ejo/pages/top-reasons-to-publish-with-ejo"> Read Now </a> <div class="itemHead"> <img src="https://static.primary.prod.gcms.the-infra.com/static/site/ejo/image/Impact+Factor?node=dac742fb4aa62cb24912&amp;version=659149:0c5c52dc99295cc702c9" alt="Impact Factor"> </div> <div class="itemBody"> <h2> <p>Why Publish with <em>EJO</em>?</p> </h2> <p>From a global readership to high-quality peer-review, explore some of the top reasons you should join the prestigious <em>EJO</em> author community.</p> <p><span class="fauxLink">Read Now</span></p> </div> </div> <div class="editable blockLink"> <a href="https://academic.oup.com/my-account/email-alerts"> Sign up </a> <div class="itemHead"> <img src="https://static.primary.prod.gcms.the-infra.com/static/site/journals/image/shared/email-alerts.jpg?node=7c814e00c234dbe70b9a&amp;version=662572:060d9fac216d99de19fa" alt="Alerts in the Inbox"> </div> <div class="itemBody"> <h2> <p>Email alerts</p> </h2> <p>Register to receive table of contents email alerts as soon as new issues of <em>European Journal of Orthodontics</em> are published online.</p> <p><span class="fauxLink">Sign up</span></p> <p>&nbsp;</p> </div> </div> <div class="articleListNewAndPopularTabbed"> <div class="widget widget-ArticleListNewAndPopular widget-instance-Home_MainContentB0ejo_MostRead,MostCited_Combined_7353"> <ul class="articleListNewAndPopularCombinedView"> <li> <h3> <a href="javascript:;" class="articleListNewAndPopular-mode active" data-mode="MostRead">Most Read</a> </h3> </li> <li> <h3> <a href="javascript:;" class="articleListNewAndPopular-mode " data-mode="MostCited">Most Cited</a> </h3> </li> </ul> <section class="articleListNewPopContent articleListNewAndPopular-ContentView-MostRead hasContent"> <div id="newPopularList-Home_MainContentB0ejo_MostRead,MostCited_Combined_7353" class="fb"> <div class="widget-layout widget-layout--vert "> <div class="widget-columns widget-col-1"> <div class="col"> <div class="widget-dynamic-entry journalArticleItem at-widget-entry-SCL"> <span class="hfDoi" data-attribute="10.1093/ejo/cjae054" aria-hidden="true"></span> <a class="journal-link" href="/ejo/article/46/6/cjae054/7815984?searchresult=1"> <div class="widget-dynamic-journal-title"> Spontaneous space closure after extraction of permanent first molars in children and adolescents: a systematic review and meta-analysis </div> </a> <div class="widget-dynamic-journal-image-synopsis"> <div class="widget-dynamic-journal-synopsis"> </div> </div> </div> <div class="widget-dynamic-entry journalArticleItem at-widget-entry-SCL"> <span class="hfDoi" data-attribute="10.1093/ejo/cjae024" aria-hidden="true"></span> <a class="journal-link" href="/ejo/article/46/5/cjae024/7730440?searchresult=1"> <div class="widget-dynamic-journal-title"> The effect of early childhood non-nutritive sucking behavior including pacifiers on malocclusion: a randomized controlled trial </div> </a> <div class="widget-dynamic-journal-image-synopsis"> <div class="widget-dynamic-journal-synopsis"> </div> </div> </div> <div class="widget-dynamic-entry journalArticleItem at-widget-entry-SCL"> <span class="hfDoi" data-attribute="10.1093/ejo/cjae052" aria-hidden="true"></span> <a class="journal-link" href="/ejo/article/46/6/cjae052/7823511?searchresult=1"> <div class="widget-dynamic-journal-title"> Longitudinal study of root resorption on incisors caused by impacted maxillary canines—a clinical and cone beam CT assessment </div> </a> <div class="widget-dynamic-journal-image-synopsis"> <div class="widget-dynamic-journal-synopsis"> </div> </div> </div> <div class="widget-dynamic-entry journalArticleItem at-widget-entry-SCL"> <span class="hfDoi" data-attribute="10.1093/ejo/cjae053" aria-hidden="true"></span> <a class="journal-link" href="/ejo/article/46/6/cjae053/7828625?searchresult=1"> <div class="widget-dynamic-journal-title"> Measuring concern about smile appearance among adults </div> </a> <div class="widget-dynamic-journal-image-synopsis"> <div class="widget-dynamic-journal-synopsis"> </div> </div> </div> <div class="widget-dynamic-entry journalArticleItem at-widget-entry-SCL"> <span class="hfDoi" data-attribute="10.1093/ejo/cjae036" aria-hidden="true"></span> <a class="journal-link" href="/ejo/article/46/6/cjae036/7810818?searchresult=1"> <div class="widget-dynamic-journal-title"> Comprehensive clinical evaluation of indirect and direct bonding techniques in orthodontic treatment: a single-centre, open-label, quasi-randomized controlled clinical trial </div> </a> <div class="widget-dynamic-journal-image-synopsis"> <div class="widget-dynamic-journal-synopsis"> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div></div> </section> <section class="articleListNewPopContent articleListNewAndPopular-ContentView-MostCited hide"> </section> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="row rowForEditablePanels"><div class="rowInner"> <div class="panels" columns="3"> <div class="col"> <div class="editable blockLink"> <a href="https://academic.oup.com/ejo/pages/beni-solow-award"> <p>What is the Beni Solow Award?</p> </a> <div class="itemHead"> <img src="https://static.primary.prod.gcms.the-infra.com/static/site/ejo/image/Beni-Solow.jpg?node=8d7c44c409790e01c247&amp;version=636755:a6297dafcbd2c9b65871" alt="Beni Solow"></div><div class="itemBody"> <h2> <p>What is the Beni Solow Award?</p> </h2> <p>The award is awarded in honour of the late Danish orthodontist Beni Solow to the best paper published in <em>EJO </em>during the preceding year. The award is selected by the <em>EJO </em>editorial board.</p><p><span class="fauxLink">Read a full list of the Beni Solow award winning articles.</span></p></div> </div></div> <div class="col"> <div class="editable blockLink"> <a href="https://academic.oup.com/ejo/pages/key-research"> <p>Key Research Collection&nbsp;</p> </a> <div class="itemHead"> <img src="https://static.primary.prod.gcms.the-infra.com/static/site/ejo/image/key+research?node=fa617cf702d9c53fe2d2&amp;version=652510:efb3933cc614cc9cbdd0" alt="key research"></div><div class="itemBody"> <h2> <p>Key Research Collection&nbsp;</p> </h2> <p>Editor David Rice and Associate Editors Dirk Bister, Lorenzo Franchi, Despina Koletsi and Yijin Ren invite you to explore a new special collection of key research from&nbsp;<em>EJO</em>.</p><p><span class="fauxLink">Browse the collection</span></p></div> </div></div> <div class="col"> <div class="editable blockLink"> <a href="https://academic.oup.com/ejo/pages/General_Instructions"> <p>Submit to <em>EJO</em></p> </a> <div class="itemHead"> <img src="https://static.primary.prod.gcms.the-infra.com/static/site/ejo/image/homepage+images.png?node=216fe2cb3b0432840747&amp;version=636755:a6297dafcbd2c9b65871" alt=""></div><div class="itemBody"> <h2> <p>Submit to <em>EJO</em></p> </h2> <p>Are you looking to publish your orthodontics article? Review our author guidelines to learn how to prepare you manuscript for submission.&nbsp;</p><p><span class="fauxLink">Review the instructions</span></p></div> </div></div> </div></div></div><div class="row rowForEditablePanels"><div class="rowInner"> <div class="panels" columns="3"> <div class="col"> <div class="editable blockLink"> <a href="https://academic.oup.com/ejo/pages/aligner-collection"> Aligner Collection </a> <div class="itemHead"> <img src="https://static.primary.prod.gcms.the-infra.com/static/site/ejo/image/*Homepage/240830-ejo-aligner-collection-web-image.png?node=e4d9c004ef18b54d877e&amp;version=650708:77d55bdfe027ad4eb239" alt="woman inserting a dental aligner into her mouth"></div><div class="itemBody"> <h2> Aligner Collection </h2> <p>Curated by one of our Associate Editor's, this special collection highlights some of our most impactful research articles on aligners.</p><p><span class="fauxLink">Discover the collection</span></p></div> </div></div> <div class="col"> <div class="editable blockLink"> <a href="https://academic.oup.com/ejo/article-abstract/46/5/cjae044/7744223?redirectedFrom=fulltext"> Editor's Choice </a> <div class="itemHead"> <img src="https://static.primary.prod.gcms.the-infra.com/static/site/ejo/image/EditorChoice1.jpg?node=36bbb35bc35875ff0f71&amp;version=650708:77d55bdfe027ad4eb239" alt=""></div><div class="itemBody"> <h2> Editor's Choice </h2> <p>As chosen by our expert board of Editor's, discover the latest chosen article of their choice from the latest issue.</p><p><span class="fauxLink">Read the latest Editor's Choice here</span></p></div> </div></div> <div class="col"> <div class="editable blockLink"> <a href="https://www.eoseurope.org/"> <p>European Orthodontic Society</p> </a> <div class="itemHead"> <img src="https://static.primary.prod.gcms.the-infra.com/static/site/ejo/image/EOS-logo.jpg?node=e1f62a43f6bc038a9b9d&amp;version=652510:efb3933cc614cc9cbdd0" alt="EOS logo"></div><div class="itemBody"> <h2> <p>European Orthodontic Society</p> </h2> <p>The&nbsp;<em>European Journal of Orthodontics</em>&nbsp;is published on behalf of the&nbsp;<em>European Orthodontic Society</em>.</p><p><span class="fauxLink">Find out more about the society and its membership benefits.</span></p><p>&nbsp;</p></div> </div></div> </div></div></div></div></div></div><input id="cloud-cms-content-cache-hit" name="cloud-cms-content-cache-hit" type="hidden" value="" /> </div> </div> </div> </div><!-- /.center-inner-row no-overflow --> </section> </div> <div class="mobile-mask"> </div> <section class="footer_wrap vt-site-footer"> <div class="ad-banner-footer sticky-footer-ad js-sticky-footer-ad"> <div class="widget widget-AdBlock widget-instance-StickyFooterAd"> <div class="js-adBlock-parent-wrap adblock-parent-wrap"> <div class="adBlockStickyFooter-wrap js-adBlockStickyFooter hide"> <div id="adBlockStickyFooter" class="js-adblock at-adblock" data-lazy-load-margin="150"> <script> googletag.cmd.push(function () { googletag.display('adBlockStickyFooter'); }); </script> </div> <div class="advertisement-text at-adblock js-adblock-advertisement-text hide">Advertisement intended for healthcare professionals</div> <button type="button" class="close-footer-ad js-close-footer-ad"> <span class="screenreader-text">close advertisement</span> </button> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="widget widget-SitePageFooter widget-instance-SitePageFooter"> <div class="ad-banner ad-banner-footer"> <div class="widget widget-AdBlock widget-instance-FooterAd"> <div class="js-adBlock-parent-wrap adblock-parent-wrap"> <div class="adBlockFooter-wrap js-adBlockFooter hide"> <div id="adBlockFooter" class="js-adblock at-adblock js-adblock-lazy-loading" data-lazy-load-margin="150"> <script> googletag.cmd.push(function () { googletag.display('adBlockFooter'); }); </script> </div> <div class="advertisement-text at-adblock js-adblock-advertisement-text hide">Advertisement intended for healthcare professionals</div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="journal-footer journal-bg"> <div class="center-inner-row"> <div class="journal-footer-menu"> <ul> <li class="link-1"> <a href="/ejo/pages/About">About The European Journal of Orthodontics</a> </li> <li class="link-2"> <a href="/ejo/pages/Editorial_Board">Editorial Board</a> </li> <li class="link-3"> <a href="/ejo/pages/General_Instructions">Author Guidelines</a> </li> <li class="link-4"> <a href="http://academic.oup.com/journals/pages/contact_us">Contact Us</a> </li> <li class="link-5"> <a href="https://www.facebook.com/OUPMedicine/">Facebook</a> </li> </ul><ul><li class="link-1"> <a href="https://twitter.com/OUPMedicine">X (formerly Twitter)</a> </li> <li class="link-2"> <a href="/ejo/subscribe">Purchase</a> </li> <li class="link-3"> <a href="http://www.oxfordjournals.org/en/library-recommendation-form.html">Recommend to your Library</a> </li> <li class="link-4"> <a href="https://academic.oup.com/advertising-and-corporate-services/pages/ejo-media-kit">Advertising and Corporate Services</a> </li> <li class="link-5"> <a href="http://medicine-and-health-careernetwork.oxfordjournals.org">Journals Career Network</a> </li> </ul> </div><!-- /.journal-footer-menu --> <div class="journal-footer-affiliations"> <!-- <h3>Affiliations</h3> --> <a href="https://academic.oup.com/ejo" target=""> <img id="footer-logo-EuropeanJournalofOrthodontics" class="journal-footer-affiliations-logo" src="//oup.silverchair-cdn.com/data/SiteBuilderAssets/Live/Images/ejo/ejo_f156621747.svg" alt="European Journal of Orthodontics" /> </a> </div><!-- /.journal-footer-affiliations --> <div class="journal-footer-colophon"> <ul> <li>Online ISSN 1460-2210</li> <li>Copyright &#169; 2024 European Orthodontic Society</li> </ul> </div><!-- /.journal-footer-colophon --> </div><!-- /.center-inner-row --> </div><!-- /.journal-footer --> </div> <div class="oup-footer"> <div class="center-inner-row"> <div class="widget widget-SelfServeContent widget-instance-OupUmbrellaFooterSelfServe"> <input type="hidden" class="SelfServeContentId" value="GlobalFooter_Links" /> <input type="hidden" class="SelfServeVersionId" value="0" /> <div class="oup-footer-row journal-links"> <div class="global-footer selfservelinks"> <ul> <li><a href="/pages/about-oxford-academic">About Oxford Academic</a></li> <li><a href="/pages/about-oxford-academic/publish-journals-with-us">Publish journals with us</a></li> <li><a href="/pages/about-oxford-academic/our-university-press-partners">University press partners</a></li> <li><a href="/pages/what-we-publish">What we publish</a></li> <li><a href="/pages/new-features">New features</a>&nbsp;</li> </ul> </div> <div class="global-footer selfservelinks"> <ul> <li><a href="/pages/authoring">Authoring</a></li> <li><a href="/pages/open-research/open-access">Open access</a></li> <li><a href="/pages/purchasing">Purchasing</a></li> <li><a href="/pages/institutional-account-management">Institutional account management</a></li> <li><a href="https://academic.oup.com/pages/purchasing/rights-and-permissions">Rights and permissions</a></li> </ul> </div> <div class="global-footer selfservelinks"> <ul> <li><a href="/pages/get-help-with-access">Get help with access</a></li> <li><a href="/pages/about-oxford-academic/accessibility">Accessibility</a></li> <li><a href="/pages/contact-us">Contact us</a></li> <li><a href="/pages/advertising">Advertising</a></li> <li><a href="/pages/media-enquiries">Media enquiries</a></li> </ul> </div> <div class="global-footer selfservelinks global-footer-external"> <ul> <li><a href="https://global.oup.com/">Oxford University Press</a></li> <li><a href="https://www.mynewsdesk.com/uk/oxford-university-press">News</a></li> <li><a href="https://languages.oup.com/">Oxford Languages</a></li> <li><a href="https://www.ox.ac.uk/">University of Oxford</a></li> </ul> </div> <div class="OUP-mission"> <p>Oxford University Press is a department of the University of Oxford. It furthers the University's objective of excellence in research, scholarship, and education by publishing worldwide</p> <img class="journal-footer-logo" src="//oup.silverchair-cdn.com/UI/app/svg/umbrella/oup-logo.svg" alt="Oxford University Press" width="150" height="42" /> </div> </div> <div class="oup-footer-row"> <div class="oup-footer-row-links"> <ul> <li>Copyright © 2024 Oxford University Press</li> <li><button id="Change-Preferences" type="button" onclick="window.top.document.dispatchEvent(new Event('changeConsent'))">Cookie settings</button></li> <li><a href="https://global.oup.com/cookiepolicy">Cookie policy</a></li> <li><a href="https://global.oup.com/privacy">Privacy policy</a></li> <li><a href="/pages/legal-and-policy/legal-notice">Legal notice</a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <style type="text/css"> /* Issue right column fix for tablet/mobile */ @media (max-width: 1200px) { .pg_issue .widget-instance-OUP_Issue { width: 100%; } } .sf-facet-list .sf-facet label, .sf-facet-list .taxonomy-label-wrap label { font-size: 0.9375rem; } .issue-pagination-wrap .pagination-container { float: right; } </style> </div> </div> </div> <div class="ss-ui-only"> </div> </section> </div> <div class="widget widget-SiteWideModals widget-instance-SiteWideModals"> <div id="revealModal" class="reveal-modal" data-reveal> <div id="revealContent"></div> <a class="close-reveal-modal" href="javascript:;"><i class="icon-general-close"></i><span class="screenreader-text">Close</span></a> </div> <div id="globalModalContainer" class="modal-global-container"> <div id="globalModalContent"> <div class="js-globalModalPlaceholder"></div> </div> <a class="close-modal js-close-modal" href="javascript:;"><i class="icon-general-close"><span class="screenreader-text">Close</span></i></a> </div> <div id="globalModalOverlay" class="modal-overlay js-modal-overlay"></div> <div id="NeedSubscription" class="reveal-modal small" data-reveal> <div class="subscription-needed"> <h5>This Feature Is Available To Subscribers Only</h5> <p><a href="/sign-in">Sign In</a> or <a href="/my-account/register?siteId=5380&amp;returnUrl=%2fejo">Create an Account</a></p> </div> <a class="close-reveal-modal" href="javascript:;"><i class="icon-general-close"></i><span class="screenreader-text">Close</span></a> </div> <div id="noAccessReveal" class="reveal-modal tiny" data-reveal> <p>This PDF is available to Subscribers Only</p> <a class="hide-for-article-page" id="articleLinkToPurchase" data-reveal><span>View Article Abstract & Purchase Options</span></a> <div class="issue-purchase-modal"> <p>For full access to this pdf, sign in to an existing account, or purchase an annual subscription.</p> </div> <a class="close-reveal-modal" href="javascript:;"><i class="icon-general-close"></i><span class="screenreader-text">Close</span></a> </div> </div> <script type="text/javascript"> MathJax = { tex: { inlineMath: [['|$', '$|'], ['\\(', '\\)']] } }; </script> <script id="MathJax-script" async src="//cdn.jsdelivr.net/npm/mathjax@3/es5/tex-mml-chtml.js"></script> <!-- CookiePro Default Categories --> <!-- When the Cookie Compliance code loads, if cookies for the associated group have consent... it will dynamically change the tag to: script type=text/JavaScript... the code inside the tags will then be recognized and run as normal. --> <script> var NTPT_PGEXTRA = 'event_type=home\u0026supplier_tag=SC_Journals\u0026siteid=eortho\u0026authzrequired=false'; </script> <!-- Copyright 2001-2010, IBM Corporation All rights reserved. --> <script type="text/javascript" src="//ouptag.scholarlyiq.com/ntpagetag.js" class="optanon-category-C0002"></script> <noscript> <img src="//ouptag.scholarlyiq.com/ntpagetag.gif?js=0" height="1" width="1" border="0" hspace="0" vspace="0" alt="Scholarly IQ" /> </noscript> <script type="text/javascript" src="//oup.silverchair-cdn.com/Themes/Client/app/jsdist/v-638669719712896271/site.min.js"></script> <div class="ad-banner js-ad-riser ad-banner-riser"> <div class="widget widget-AdBlock widget-instance-RiserAd"> </div> </div> <script src="//oup.silverchair-cdn.com/oup/scm.proxylogging.js"></script> <div class="end-of-page-js"></div> </body> </html>

Pages: 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10