CINXE.COM

Approaching 5G Availability in 2019 - IEEE Innovation at Work

<!DOCTYPE html> <html lang="en-US"> <head> <meta charset="UTF-8" /> <title>Approaching 5G Availability in 2019 - IEEE Innovation at Work</title> <meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=UTF-8" /> <link rel="pingback" href="https://innovationatwork.ieee.org/xmlrpc.php" /> <!-- Google Tag Manager --> <!-- Container 1 --> <script>(function(w,d,s,l,i){w[l]=w[l]||[];w[l].push({'gtm.start': new Date().getTime(),event:'gtm.js'});var f=d.getElementsByTagName(s)[0], j=d.createElement(s),dl=l!='dataLayer'?'&l='+l:'';j.async=true;j.src= 'https://www.googletagmanager.com/gtm.js?id='+i+dl;f.parentNode.insertBefore(j,f); })(window,document,'script','dataLayer','GTM-M2GZK7M');</script> <!-- Container 2 --> <script>(function(w,d,s,l,i){w[l]=w[l]||[];w[l].push({'gtm.start': new Date().getTime(),event:'gtm.js'});var f=d.getElementsByTagName(s)[0], j=d.createElement(s),dl=l!='dataLayer'?'&l='+l:'';j.async=true;j.src= 'https://www.googletagmanager.com/gtm.js?id='+i+dl;f.parentNode.insertBefore(j,f); })(window,document,'script','dataLayer','GTM-KKPCDLN');</script> <!-- End Google Tag Manager --> <meta name='robots' content='index, follow, max-image-preview:large, max-snippet:-1, max-video-preview:-1' /> <!-- Mobile viewport scale --> <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1"/> <!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v24.0 - https://yoast.com/wordpress/plugins/seo/ --> <meta name="description" content="To get the full benefits of 5G networks, users will have to buy new 5G-enabled phones and carriers will need to install new transmission equipment to offer faster service." /> <link rel="canonical" href="https://innovationatwork.ieee.org/approaching-5g-availability-in-2019/" /> <meta property="og:locale" content="en_US" /> <meta property="og:type" content="article" /> <meta property="og:title" content="Approaching 5G Availability in 2019 - IEEE Innovation at Work" /> <meta property="og:description" content="To get the full benefits of 5G networks, users will have to buy new 5G-enabled phones and carriers will need to install new transmission equipment to offer faster service." /> <meta property="og:url" content="https://innovationatwork.ieee.org/approaching-5g-availability-in-2019/" /> <meta property="og:site_name" content="IEEE Innovation at Work" /> <meta property="article:publisher" content="https://www.facebook.com/ieee.continuing.education/" /> <meta property="article:published_time" content="2019-01-25T15:32:50+00:00" /> <meta property="article:modified_time" content="2019-06-11T16:08:08+00:00" /> <meta property="og:image" content="https://innovationatwork.ieee.org/wp-content/uploads/2019/01/bigstock-Phone-Computer-g-Earth-Busine-274327624-1024x558.jpg" /> <meta property="og:image:width" content="1024" /> <meta property="og:image:height" content="558" /> <meta property="og:image:type" content="image/jpeg" /> <meta name="author" content="Jennifer Fong" /> <meta name="twitter:card" content="summary_large_image" /> <meta name="twitter:creator" content="@IEEELearn" /> <meta name="twitter:site" content="@IEEELearn" /> <meta name="twitter:label1" content="Written by" /> <meta name="twitter:data1" content="Jennifer Fong" /> <meta name="twitter:label2" content="Est. reading time" /> <meta name="twitter:data2" content="3 minutes" /> <script type="application/ld+json" class="yoast-schema-graph">{"@context":"https://schema.org","@graph":[{"@type":"Article","@id":"https://innovationatwork.ieee.org/approaching-5g-availability-in-2019/#article","isPartOf":{"@id":"https://innovationatwork.ieee.org/approaching-5g-availability-in-2019/"},"author":{"name":"Jennifer Fong","@id":"https://innovationatwork.ieee.org/#/schema/person/f765f31ef2aab48711ed9f046f644057"},"headline":"Approaching 5G Availability in 2019","datePublished":"2019-01-25T15:32:50+00:00","dateModified":"2019-06-11T16:08:08+00:00","mainEntityOfPage":{"@id":"https://innovationatwork.ieee.org/approaching-5g-availability-in-2019/"},"wordCount":559,"commentCount":3,"publisher":{"@id":"https://innovationatwork.ieee.org/#organization"},"image":{"@id":"https://innovationatwork.ieee.org/approaching-5g-availability-in-2019/#primaryimage"},"thumbnailUrl":"https://innovationatwork.ieee.org/wp-content/uploads/2019/01/bigstock-Phone-Computer-g-Earth-Busine-274327624.jpg","keywords":["5G","connectivity","latency"],"articleSection":["5G and Telecommunications"],"inLanguage":"en-US","potentialAction":[{"@type":"CommentAction","name":"Comment","target":["https://innovationatwork.ieee.org/approaching-5g-availability-in-2019/#respond"]}]},{"@type":"WebPage","@id":"https://innovationatwork.ieee.org/approaching-5g-availability-in-2019/","url":"https://innovationatwork.ieee.org/approaching-5g-availability-in-2019/","name":"Approaching 5G Availability in 2019 - IEEE Innovation at Work","isPartOf":{"@id":"https://innovationatwork.ieee.org/#website"},"primaryImageOfPage":{"@id":"https://innovationatwork.ieee.org/approaching-5g-availability-in-2019/#primaryimage"},"image":{"@id":"https://innovationatwork.ieee.org/approaching-5g-availability-in-2019/#primaryimage"},"thumbnailUrl":"https://innovationatwork.ieee.org/wp-content/uploads/2019/01/bigstock-Phone-Computer-g-Earth-Busine-274327624.jpg","datePublished":"2019-01-25T15:32:50+00:00","dateModified":"2019-06-11T16:08:08+00:00","description":"To get the full benefits of 5G networks, users will have to buy new 5G-enabled phones and carriers will need to install new transmission equipment to offer faster service.","breadcrumb":{"@id":"https://innovationatwork.ieee.org/approaching-5g-availability-in-2019/#breadcrumb"},"inLanguage":"en-US","potentialAction":[{"@type":"ReadAction","target":["https://innovationatwork.ieee.org/approaching-5g-availability-in-2019/"]}]},{"@type":"ImageObject","inLanguage":"en-US","@id":"https://innovationatwork.ieee.org/approaching-5g-availability-in-2019/#primaryimage","url":"https://innovationatwork.ieee.org/wp-content/uploads/2019/01/bigstock-Phone-Computer-g-Earth-Busine-274327624.jpg","contentUrl":"https://innovationatwork.ieee.org/wp-content/uploads/2019/01/bigstock-Phone-Computer-g-Earth-Busine-274327624.jpg","width":2800,"height":1527,"caption":"5g availability what's the difference between 4g and 5g technology"},{"@type":"BreadcrumbList","@id":"https://innovationatwork.ieee.org/approaching-5g-availability-in-2019/#breadcrumb","itemListElement":[{"@type":"ListItem","position":1,"name":"Home","item":"https://innovationatwork.ieee.org/"},{"@type":"ListItem","position":2,"name":"All Topics","item":"https://innovationatwork.ieee.org/all-topics/"},{"@type":"ListItem","position":3,"name":"Approaching 5G Availability in 2019"}]},{"@type":"WebSite","@id":"https://innovationatwork.ieee.org/#website","url":"https://innovationatwork.ieee.org/","name":"IEEE Innovation at Work","description":"Preparing your organization for emerging technologies","publisher":{"@id":"https://innovationatwork.ieee.org/#organization"},"potentialAction":[{"@type":"SearchAction","target":{"@type":"EntryPoint","urlTemplate":"https://innovationatwork.ieee.org/?s={search_term_string}"},"query-input":{"@type":"PropertyValueSpecification","valueRequired":true,"valueName":"search_term_string"}}],"inLanguage":"en-US"},{"@type":"Organization","@id":"https://innovationatwork.ieee.org/#organization","name":"IEEE","url":"https://innovationatwork.ieee.org/","logo":{"@type":"ImageObject","inLanguage":"en-US","@id":"https://innovationatwork.ieee.org/#/schema/logo/image/","url":"https://innovationatwork.ieee.org/wp-content/uploads/2015/06/transparent-blue.png","contentUrl":"https://innovationatwork.ieee.org/wp-content/uploads/2015/06/transparent-blue.png","width":200,"height":72,"caption":"IEEE"},"image":{"@id":"https://innovationatwork.ieee.org/#/schema/logo/image/"},"sameAs":["https://www.facebook.com/ieee.continuing.education/","https://x.com/IEEELearn"]},{"@type":"Person","@id":"https://innovationatwork.ieee.org/#/schema/person/f765f31ef2aab48711ed9f046f644057","name":"Jennifer Fong","image":{"@type":"ImageObject","inLanguage":"en-US","@id":"https://innovationatwork.ieee.org/#/schema/person/image/","url":"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/151d0a6f869d6b06b61c7b2164782593?s=96&d=mm&r=g","contentUrl":"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/151d0a6f869d6b06b61c7b2164782593?s=96&d=mm&r=g","caption":"Jennifer Fong"},"url":"https://innovationatwork.ieee.org/author/j-fong/"}]}</script> <!-- / Yoast SEO plugin. --> <link rel='dns-prefetch' href='//static.addtoany.com' /> <link rel="alternate" type="application/rss+xml" title="IEEE Innovation at Work &raquo; Feed" href="https://innovationatwork.ieee.org/feed/" /> <link rel="alternate" type="application/rss+xml" title="IEEE Innovation at Work &raquo; Comments Feed" href="https://innovationatwork.ieee.org/comments/feed/" /> <link rel="alternate" type="text/calendar" title="IEEE Innovation at Work &raquo; iCal Feed" href="https://innovationatwork.ieee.org/events/?ical=1" /> <link rel="alternate" type="application/rss+xml" title="IEEE Innovation at Work &raquo; Approaching 5G Availability in 2019 Comments Feed" href="https://innovationatwork.ieee.org/approaching-5g-availability-in-2019/feed/" /> <script type="text/javascript"> /* <![CDATA[ */ window._wpemojiSettings = {"baseUrl":"https:\/\/s.w.org\/images\/core\/emoji\/15.0.3\/72x72\/","ext":".png","svgUrl":"https:\/\/s.w.org\/images\/core\/emoji\/15.0.3\/svg\/","svgExt":".svg","source":{"concatemoji":"https:\/\/innovationatwork.ieee.org\/wp-includes\/js\/wp-emoji-release.min.js?ver=6.6.1"}}; /*! This file is auto-generated */ !function(i,n){var o,s,e;function c(e){try{var t={supportTests:e,timestamp:(new Date).valueOf()};sessionStorage.setItem(o,JSON.stringify(t))}catch(e){}}function p(e,t,n){e.clearRect(0,0,e.canvas.width,e.canvas.height),e.fillText(t,0,0);var t=new Uint32Array(e.getImageData(0,0,e.canvas.width,e.canvas.height).data),r=(e.clearRect(0,0,e.canvas.width,e.canvas.height),e.fillText(n,0,0),new Uint32Array(e.getImageData(0,0,e.canvas.width,e.canvas.height).data));return t.every(function(e,t){return e===r[t]})}function u(e,t,n){switch(t){case"flag":return n(e,"\ud83c\udff3\ufe0f\u200d\u26a7\ufe0f","\ud83c\udff3\ufe0f\u200b\u26a7\ufe0f")?!1:!n(e,"\ud83c\uddfa\ud83c\uddf3","\ud83c\uddfa\u200b\ud83c\uddf3")&&!n(e,"\ud83c\udff4\udb40\udc67\udb40\udc62\udb40\udc65\udb40\udc6e\udb40\udc67\udb40\udc7f","\ud83c\udff4\u200b\udb40\udc67\u200b\udb40\udc62\u200b\udb40\udc65\u200b\udb40\udc6e\u200b\udb40\udc67\u200b\udb40\udc7f");case"emoji":return!n(e,"\ud83d\udc26\u200d\u2b1b","\ud83d\udc26\u200b\u2b1b")}return!1}function f(e,t,n){var r="undefined"!=typeof WorkerGlobalScope&&self instanceof WorkerGlobalScope?new OffscreenCanvas(300,150):i.createElement("canvas"),a=r.getContext("2d",{willReadFrequently:!0}),o=(a.textBaseline="top",a.font="600 32px Arial",{});return e.forEach(function(e){o[e]=t(a,e,n)}),o}function t(e){var t=i.createElement("script");t.src=e,t.defer=!0,i.head.appendChild(t)}"undefined"!=typeof Promise&&(o="wpEmojiSettingsSupports",s=["flag","emoji"],n.supports={everything:!0,everythingExceptFlag:!0},e=new Promise(function(e){i.addEventListener("DOMContentLoaded",e,{once:!0})}),new Promise(function(t){var n=function(){try{var e=JSON.parse(sessionStorage.getItem(o));if("object"==typeof e&&"number"==typeof e.timestamp&&(new Date).valueOf()<e.timestamp+604800&&"object"==typeof e.supportTests)return e.supportTests}catch(e){}return null}();if(!n){if("undefined"!=typeof Worker&&"undefined"!=typeof OffscreenCanvas&&"undefined"!=typeof URL&&URL.createObjectURL&&"undefined"!=typeof Blob)try{var e="postMessage("+f.toString()+"("+[JSON.stringify(s),u.toString(),p.toString()].join(",")+"));",r=new Blob([e],{type:"text/javascript"}),a=new Worker(URL.createObjectURL(r),{name:"wpTestEmojiSupports"});return void(a.onmessage=function(e){c(n=e.data),a.terminate(),t(n)})}catch(e){}c(n=f(s,u,p))}t(n)}).then(function(e){for(var t in e)n.supports[t]=e[t],n.supports.everything=n.supports.everything&&n.supports[t],"flag"!==t&&(n.supports.everythingExceptFlag=n.supports.everythingExceptFlag&&n.supports[t]);n.supports.everythingExceptFlag=n.supports.everythingExceptFlag&&!n.supports.flag,n.DOMReady=!1,n.readyCallback=function(){n.DOMReady=!0}}).then(function(){return e}).then(function(){var e;n.supports.everything||(n.readyCallback(),(e=n.source||{}).concatemoji?t(e.concatemoji):e.wpemoji&&e.twemoji&&(t(e.twemoji),t(e.wpemoji)))}))}((window,document),window._wpemojiSettings); /* ]]> */ </script> <link rel='stylesheet' id='pt-cv-public-style-css' href='https://innovationatwork.ieee.org/wp-content/plugins/content-views-query-and-display-post-page/public/assets/css/cv.css?ver=4.0.2' type='text/css' media='all' /> <style id='wp-emoji-styles-inline-css' type='text/css'> img.wp-smiley, img.emoji { display: inline !important; border: none !important; box-shadow: none !important; height: 1em !important; width: 1em !important; margin: 0 0.07em !important; vertical-align: -0.1em !important; background: none !important; padding: 0 !important; } </style> <link rel='stylesheet' id='wp-block-library-css' href='https://innovationatwork.ieee.org/wp-includes/css/dist/block-library/style.min.css?ver=6.6.1' type='text/css' media='all' /> <style id='classic-theme-styles-inline-css' type='text/css'> /*! This file is auto-generated */ .wp-block-button__link{color:#fff;background-color:#32373c;border-radius:9999px;box-shadow:none;text-decoration:none;padding:calc(.667em + 2px) calc(1.333em + 2px);font-size:1.125em}.wp-block-file__button{background:#32373c;color:#fff;text-decoration:none} </style> <style id='global-styles-inline-css' type='text/css'> :root{--wp--preset--aspect-ratio--square: 1;--wp--preset--aspect-ratio--4-3: 4/3;--wp--preset--aspect-ratio--3-4: 3/4;--wp--preset--aspect-ratio--3-2: 3/2;--wp--preset--aspect-ratio--2-3: 2/3;--wp--preset--aspect-ratio--16-9: 16/9;--wp--preset--aspect-ratio--9-16: 9/16;--wp--preset--color--black: #000000;--wp--preset--color--cyan-bluish-gray: #abb8c3;--wp--preset--color--white: #ffffff;--wp--preset--color--pale-pink: #f78da7;--wp--preset--color--vivid-red: #cf2e2e;--wp--preset--color--luminous-vivid-orange: #ff6900;--wp--preset--color--luminous-vivid-amber: #fcb900;--wp--preset--color--light-green-cyan: #7bdcb5;--wp--preset--color--vivid-green-cyan: #00d084;--wp--preset--color--pale-cyan-blue: #8ed1fc;--wp--preset--color--vivid-cyan-blue: #0693e3;--wp--preset--color--vivid-purple: #9b51e0;--wp--preset--gradient--vivid-cyan-blue-to-vivid-purple: linear-gradient(135deg,rgba(6,147,227,1) 0%,rgb(155,81,224) 100%);--wp--preset--gradient--light-green-cyan-to-vivid-green-cyan: linear-gradient(135deg,rgb(122,220,180) 0%,rgb(0,208,130) 100%);--wp--preset--gradient--luminous-vivid-amber-to-luminous-vivid-orange: linear-gradient(135deg,rgba(252,185,0,1) 0%,rgba(255,105,0,1) 100%);--wp--preset--gradient--luminous-vivid-orange-to-vivid-red: linear-gradient(135deg,rgba(255,105,0,1) 0%,rgb(207,46,46) 100%);--wp--preset--gradient--very-light-gray-to-cyan-bluish-gray: linear-gradient(135deg,rgb(238,238,238) 0%,rgb(169,184,195) 100%);--wp--preset--gradient--cool-to-warm-spectrum: linear-gradient(135deg,rgb(74,234,220) 0%,rgb(151,120,209) 20%,rgb(207,42,186) 40%,rgb(238,44,130) 60%,rgb(251,105,98) 80%,rgb(254,248,76) 100%);--wp--preset--gradient--blush-light-purple: linear-gradient(135deg,rgb(255,206,236) 0%,rgb(152,150,240) 100%);--wp--preset--gradient--blush-bordeaux: linear-gradient(135deg,rgb(254,205,165) 0%,rgb(254,45,45) 50%,rgb(107,0,62) 100%);--wp--preset--gradient--luminous-dusk: linear-gradient(135deg,rgb(255,203,112) 0%,rgb(199,81,192) 50%,rgb(65,88,208) 100%);--wp--preset--gradient--pale-ocean: linear-gradient(135deg,rgb(255,245,203) 0%,rgb(182,227,212) 50%,rgb(51,167,181) 100%);--wp--preset--gradient--electric-grass: linear-gradient(135deg,rgb(202,248,128) 0%,rgb(113,206,126) 100%);--wp--preset--gradient--midnight: linear-gradient(135deg,rgb(2,3,129) 0%,rgb(40,116,252) 100%);--wp--preset--font-size--small: 13px;--wp--preset--font-size--medium: 20px;--wp--preset--font-size--large: 36px;--wp--preset--font-size--x-large: 42px;--wp--preset--spacing--20: 0.44rem;--wp--preset--spacing--30: 0.67rem;--wp--preset--spacing--40: 1rem;--wp--preset--spacing--50: 1.5rem;--wp--preset--spacing--60: 2.25rem;--wp--preset--spacing--70: 3.38rem;--wp--preset--spacing--80: 5.06rem;--wp--preset--shadow--natural: 6px 6px 9px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.2);--wp--preset--shadow--deep: 12px 12px 50px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.4);--wp--preset--shadow--sharp: 6px 6px 0px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.2);--wp--preset--shadow--outlined: 6px 6px 0px -3px rgba(255, 255, 255, 1), 6px 6px rgba(0, 0, 0, 1);--wp--preset--shadow--crisp: 6px 6px 0px rgba(0, 0, 0, 1);}:where(.is-layout-flex){gap: 0.5em;}:where(.is-layout-grid){gap: 0.5em;}body .is-layout-flex{display: flex;}.is-layout-flex{flex-wrap: wrap;align-items: center;}.is-layout-flex > :is(*, div){margin: 0;}body .is-layout-grid{display: grid;}.is-layout-grid > :is(*, div){margin: 0;}:where(.wp-block-columns.is-layout-flex){gap: 2em;}:where(.wp-block-columns.is-layout-grid){gap: 2em;}:where(.wp-block-post-template.is-layout-flex){gap: 1.25em;}:where(.wp-block-post-template.is-layout-grid){gap: 1.25em;}.has-black-color{color: var(--wp--preset--color--black) !important;}.has-cyan-bluish-gray-color{color: var(--wp--preset--color--cyan-bluish-gray) !important;}.has-white-color{color: var(--wp--preset--color--white) !important;}.has-pale-pink-color{color: var(--wp--preset--color--pale-pink) !important;}.has-vivid-red-color{color: var(--wp--preset--color--vivid-red) !important;}.has-luminous-vivid-orange-color{color: var(--wp--preset--color--luminous-vivid-orange) !important;}.has-luminous-vivid-amber-color{color: var(--wp--preset--color--luminous-vivid-amber) !important;}.has-light-green-cyan-color{color: var(--wp--preset--color--light-green-cyan) !important;}.has-vivid-green-cyan-color{color: var(--wp--preset--color--vivid-green-cyan) !important;}.has-pale-cyan-blue-color{color: var(--wp--preset--color--pale-cyan-blue) !important;}.has-vivid-cyan-blue-color{color: var(--wp--preset--color--vivid-cyan-blue) !important;}.has-vivid-purple-color{color: var(--wp--preset--color--vivid-purple) !important;}.has-black-background-color{background-color: var(--wp--preset--color--black) !important;}.has-cyan-bluish-gray-background-color{background-color: var(--wp--preset--color--cyan-bluish-gray) !important;}.has-white-background-color{background-color: var(--wp--preset--color--white) !important;}.has-pale-pink-background-color{background-color: var(--wp--preset--color--pale-pink) !important;}.has-vivid-red-background-color{background-color: var(--wp--preset--color--vivid-red) !important;}.has-luminous-vivid-orange-background-color{background-color: var(--wp--preset--color--luminous-vivid-orange) !important;}.has-luminous-vivid-amber-background-color{background-color: var(--wp--preset--color--luminous-vivid-amber) !important;}.has-light-green-cyan-background-color{background-color: var(--wp--preset--color--light-green-cyan) !important;}.has-vivid-green-cyan-background-color{background-color: var(--wp--preset--color--vivid-green-cyan) !important;}.has-pale-cyan-blue-background-color{background-color: var(--wp--preset--color--pale-cyan-blue) !important;}.has-vivid-cyan-blue-background-color{background-color: var(--wp--preset--color--vivid-cyan-blue) !important;}.has-vivid-purple-background-color{background-color: var(--wp--preset--color--vivid-purple) !important;}.has-black-border-color{border-color: var(--wp--preset--color--black) !important;}.has-cyan-bluish-gray-border-color{border-color: var(--wp--preset--color--cyan-bluish-gray) !important;}.has-white-border-color{border-color: var(--wp--preset--color--white) !important;}.has-pale-pink-border-color{border-color: var(--wp--preset--color--pale-pink) !important;}.has-vivid-red-border-color{border-color: var(--wp--preset--color--vivid-red) !important;}.has-luminous-vivid-orange-border-color{border-color: var(--wp--preset--color--luminous-vivid-orange) !important;}.has-luminous-vivid-amber-border-color{border-color: var(--wp--preset--color--luminous-vivid-amber) !important;}.has-light-green-cyan-border-color{border-color: var(--wp--preset--color--light-green-cyan) !important;}.has-vivid-green-cyan-border-color{border-color: var(--wp--preset--color--vivid-green-cyan) !important;}.has-pale-cyan-blue-border-color{border-color: var(--wp--preset--color--pale-cyan-blue) !important;}.has-vivid-cyan-blue-border-color{border-color: var(--wp--preset--color--vivid-cyan-blue) !important;}.has-vivid-purple-border-color{border-color: var(--wp--preset--color--vivid-purple) !important;}.has-vivid-cyan-blue-to-vivid-purple-gradient-background{background: var(--wp--preset--gradient--vivid-cyan-blue-to-vivid-purple) !important;}.has-light-green-cyan-to-vivid-green-cyan-gradient-background{background: var(--wp--preset--gradient--light-green-cyan-to-vivid-green-cyan) !important;}.has-luminous-vivid-amber-to-luminous-vivid-orange-gradient-background{background: var(--wp--preset--gradient--luminous-vivid-amber-to-luminous-vivid-orange) !important;}.has-luminous-vivid-orange-to-vivid-red-gradient-background{background: var(--wp--preset--gradient--luminous-vivid-orange-to-vivid-red) !important;}.has-very-light-gray-to-cyan-bluish-gray-gradient-background{background: var(--wp--preset--gradient--very-light-gray-to-cyan-bluish-gray) !important;}.has-cool-to-warm-spectrum-gradient-background{background: var(--wp--preset--gradient--cool-to-warm-spectrum) !important;}.has-blush-light-purple-gradient-background{background: var(--wp--preset--gradient--blush-light-purple) !important;}.has-blush-bordeaux-gradient-background{background: var(--wp--preset--gradient--blush-bordeaux) !important;}.has-luminous-dusk-gradient-background{background: var(--wp--preset--gradient--luminous-dusk) !important;}.has-pale-ocean-gradient-background{background: var(--wp--preset--gradient--pale-ocean) !important;}.has-electric-grass-gradient-background{background: var(--wp--preset--gradient--electric-grass) !important;}.has-midnight-gradient-background{background: var(--wp--preset--gradient--midnight) !important;}.has-small-font-size{font-size: var(--wp--preset--font-size--small) !important;}.has-medium-font-size{font-size: var(--wp--preset--font-size--medium) !important;}.has-large-font-size{font-size: var(--wp--preset--font-size--large) !important;}.has-x-large-font-size{font-size: var(--wp--preset--font-size--x-large) !important;} :where(.wp-block-post-template.is-layout-flex){gap: 1.25em;}:where(.wp-block-post-template.is-layout-grid){gap: 1.25em;} :where(.wp-block-columns.is-layout-flex){gap: 2em;}:where(.wp-block-columns.is-layout-grid){gap: 2em;} :root :where(.wp-block-pullquote){font-size: 1.5em;line-height: 1.6;} </style> <link rel='stylesheet' id='contact-form-7-css' href='https://innovationatwork.ieee.org/wp-content/plugins/contact-form-7/includes/css/styles.css?ver=6.0.1' type='text/css' media='all' /> <link rel='stylesheet' id='sow-image-default-e4c2d9f6c920-css' href='https://innovationatwork.ieee.org/wp-content/uploads/siteorigin-widgets/sow-image-default-e4c2d9f6c920.css?ver=6.6.1' type='text/css' media='all' /> <link rel='stylesheet' id='woo-features-css-css' href='https://innovationatwork.ieee.org/wp-content/themes/canvas/includes/integrations/features/css/features.css?ver=6.6.1' type='text/css' media='all' /> <link rel='stylesheet' id='tablepress-default-css' href='https://innovationatwork.ieee.org/wp-content/plugins/tablepress/css/build/default.css?ver=3.0.1' type='text/css' media='all' /> <link rel='stylesheet' id='addtoany-css' href='https://innovationatwork.ieee.org/wp-content/plugins/add-to-any/addtoany.min.css?ver=1.16' type='text/css' media='all' /> <link rel='stylesheet' id='theme-stylesheet-css' href='https://innovationatwork.ieee.org/wp-content/themes/canvas/style.css?ver=5.11.7' type='text/css' media='all' /> <link rel='stylesheet' id='woo-gravity-forms-css' href='https://innovationatwork.ieee.org/wp-content/themes/canvas/includes/integrations/gravity-forms/css/gravity-forms.css?ver=6.6.1' type='text/css' media='all' /> <!--[if lt IE 9]> <link href="https://innovationatwork.ieee.org/wp-content/themes/canvas/css/non-responsive.css" rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" /> <style type="text/css">.col-full, #wrapper { width: 970px; max-width: 970px; } #inner-wrapper { padding: 0; } body.full-width #header, #nav-container, body.full-width #content, body.full-width #footer-widgets, body.full-width #footer { padding-left: 0; padding-right: 0; } body.fixed-mobile #top, body.fixed-mobile #header-container, body.fixed-mobile #footer-container, body.fixed-mobile #nav-container, body.fixed-mobile #footer-widgets-container { min-width: 970px; padding: 0 1em; } body.full-width #content { width: auto; padding: 0 1em;}</style> <![endif]--> <script type="text/javascript" id="addtoany-core-js-before"> /* <![CDATA[ */ window.a2a_config=window.a2a_config||{};a2a_config.callbacks=[];a2a_config.overlays=[];a2a_config.templates={}; /* ]]> */ </script> <script type="text/javascript" defer src="https://static.addtoany.com/menu/page.js" id="addtoany-core-js"></script> <script type="text/javascript" src="https://innovationatwork.ieee.org/wp-includes/js/jquery/jquery.min.js?ver=3.7.1" id="jquery-core-js"></script> <script type="text/javascript" src="https://innovationatwork.ieee.org/wp-includes/js/jquery/jquery-migrate.min.js?ver=3.4.1" id="jquery-migrate-js"></script> <script type="text/javascript" defer src="https://innovationatwork.ieee.org/wp-content/plugins/add-to-any/addtoany.min.js?ver=1.1" id="addtoany-jquery-js"></script> <script type="text/javascript" src="https://innovationatwork.ieee.org/wp-content/themes/canvas/includes/js/third-party.min.js?ver=6.6.1" id="third-party-js"></script> <script type="text/javascript" src="https://innovationatwork.ieee.org/wp-content/themes/canvas/includes/js/modernizr.min.js?ver=2.6.2" id="modernizr-js"></script> <script type="text/javascript" src="https://innovationatwork.ieee.org/wp-content/themes/canvas/includes/js/general.min.js?ver=6.6.1" id="general-js"></script> <!-- Adjust the website width --> <style type="text/css"> .col-full, #wrapper { max-width: 970px !important; } </style> <link rel="https://api.w.org/" href="https://innovationatwork.ieee.org/wp-json/" /><link rel="alternate" title="JSON" type="application/json" href="https://innovationatwork.ieee.org/wp-json/wp/v2/posts/2503" /><link rel="EditURI" type="application/rsd+xml" title="RSD" href="https://innovationatwork.ieee.org/xmlrpc.php?rsd" /> <link rel='shortlink' href='https://innovationatwork.ieee.org/?p=2503' /> <link rel="alternate" title="oEmbed (JSON)" type="application/json+oembed" href="https://innovationatwork.ieee.org/wp-json/oembed/1.0/embed?url=https%3A%2F%2Finnovationatwork.ieee.org%2Fapproaching-5g-availability-in-2019%2F" /> <link rel="alternate" title="oEmbed (XML)" type="text/xml+oembed" href="https://innovationatwork.ieee.org/wp-json/oembed/1.0/embed?url=https%3A%2F%2Finnovationatwork.ieee.org%2Fapproaching-5g-availability-in-2019%2F&#038;format=xml" /> <meta name="tec-api-version" content="v1"><meta name="tec-api-origin" content="https://innovationatwork.ieee.org"><link rel="alternate" href="https://innovationatwork.ieee.org/wp-json/tribe/events/v1/" /> <!-- Custom CSS Styling --> <style type="text/css"> #logo .site-title, #logo .site-description { display:none; } body {background-repeat:repeat;background-position:top left;background-attachment:scroll;border-top:0px solid #000000;} #header {background-image:url(https://innovationatwork.ieee.org/wp-content/uploads/2015/06/cropped-header-background.png);background-repeat:repeat;background-position:left top;margin-top:0px;margin-bottom:0px;padding-top:0px;padding-bottom:0px;border:0px solid ;} #logo {padding-left:0px;}.header-widget {padding-right:0px;} #logo .site-title a {font:bold 40px/1em Arial, sans-serif;color:#222222;} #logo .site-description {font:300 13px/1em Arial, sans-serif;color:#999999;} body, p { font:300 14px/1.5em Arial, sans-serif;color:#000000; } h1 { font:bold 28px/1.2em Arial, sans-serif;color:#222222; }h2 { font:bold 24px/1.2em Arial, sans-serif;color:#222222; }h3 { font:bold 20px/1.2em Arial, sans-serif;color:#222222; }h4 { font:bold 16px/1.2em Arial, sans-serif;color:#222222; }h5 { font:normal 13px/1.2em Arial, sans-serif;color:#222222; }h6 { font:300 14px/1.2em Arial, sans-serif;color:#222222; } .page-title, .post .title, .page .title {font:bold 28px/1.1em Arial, sans-serif;color:#222222;} .post .title a:link, .post .title a:visited, .page .title a:link, .page .title a:visited {color:#222222} .post-meta { font:300 15px/1.5em Arial, sans-serif;color:#cccccc; } .entry, .entry p{ font:300 15px/1.5em Arial, sans-serif;color:#555555; } .post-more {font:300 15px/1.5em Arial, sans-serif;color:;border-top:0px solid #e6e6e6;border-bottom:0px solid #e6e6e6;} #post-author, #connect {border-top:1px solid #e6e6e6;border-bottom:1px solid #e6e6e6;border-left:1px solid #e6e6e6;border-right:1px solid #e6e6e6;border-radius:5px;-moz-border-radius:5px;-webkit-border-radius:5px;background-color:#fafafa} #comments .comment.thread-even {background-color:#ffffff;} .nav-entries a, .woo-pagination { font:300 14px/1em Arial, sans-serif;color:#888; } .woo-pagination a, .woo-pagination a:hover {color:#888!important} .widget h3 {font:bold 14px/1.2em Arial, sans-serif;color:#555555;border-bottom:1px solid #e6e6e6;} .widget_recent_comments li, #twitter li { border-color: #e6e6e6;} .widget p, .widget .textwidget { font:300 13px/1.5em Arial, sans-serif;color:#555555; } .widget {font:300 13px/1.5em Arial, sans-serif;color:#555555;background-color:#ffffff;border-radius:0px;-moz-border-radius:0px;-webkit-border-radius:0px;} #tabs, .widget_woodojo_tabs .tabbable {background-color:#dddddd;} #tabs .inside, #tabs ul.wooTabs li a.selected, #tabs ul.wooTabs li a:hover {background-color:#eeeeee;} #tabs .inside li a, .widget_woodojo_tabs .tabbable .tab-pane li a { font:bold 12px/1.5em Arial, sans-serif;color:#666666; } #tabs .inside li span.meta, .widget_woodojo_tabs .tabbable .tab-pane li span.meta { font:300 11px/1.5em Arial, sans-serif;color:#666666; } #tabs ul.wooTabs li a, .widget_woodojo_tabs .tabbable .nav-tabs li a { font:300 11px/2em Arial, sans-serif;color:#666666; } ul.nav li a, #navigation ul.rss a, #navigation ul.cart a.cart-contents, #navigation .cart-contents #navigation ul.rss, #navigation ul.nav-search, #navigation ul.nav-search a { font:normal 14px/1.2em Arial, sans-serif;color:#ffffff; } #navigation ul.rss li a:before, #navigation ul.nav-search a.search-contents:before { color:#ffffff;} #navigation ul.nav > li a:hover, #navigation ul.nav > li:hover a, #navigation ul.nav li ul li a, #navigation ul.cart > li:hover > a, #navigation ul.cart > li > ul > div, #navigation ul.cart > li > ul > div p, #navigation ul.cart > li > ul span, #navigation ul.cart .cart_list a, #navigation ul.nav li.current_page_item a, #navigation ul.nav li.current_page_parent a, #navigation ul.nav li.current-menu-ancestor a, #navigation ul.nav li.current-cat a, #navigation ul.nav li.current-menu-item a { color:#ffffff!important; } #navigation ul.nav > li a:hover, #navigation ul.nav > li:hover, #navigation ul.nav li ul, #navigation ul.cart li:hover a.cart-contents, #navigation ul.nav-search li:hover a.search-contents, #navigation ul.nav-search a.search-contents + ul, #navigation ul.cart a.cart-contents + ul, #navigation ul.nav li.current_page_item a, #navigation ul.nav li.current_page_parent a, #navigation ul.nav li.current-menu-ancestor a, #navigation ul.nav li.current-cat a, #navigation ul.nav li.current-menu-item a{background-color:#003f77!important} #navigation ul.nav li ul, #navigation ul.cart > li > ul > div { border: 0px solid #dbdbdb; } #navigation ul.nav > li:hover > ul { left: 0; } #navigation ul.nav > li { border-right: 0px solid #ffffff; }#navigation ul.nav > li:hover > ul { left: 0; } #navigation { box-shadow: none; -moz-box-shadow: none; -webkit-box-shadow: none; }#navigation ul li:first-child, #navigation ul li:first-child a { border-radius:0px 0 0 0px; -moz-border-radius:0px 0 0 0px; -webkit-border-radius:0px 0 0 0px; } #navigation {background:#006699;border-top:0px solid #aaaaaa;border-bottom:0px solid #ffffff;border-left:0px solid #dbdbdb;border-right:0px solid #dbdbdb;border-radius:0px; -moz-border-radius:0px; -webkit-border-radius:0px;margin-top:0px;margin-bottom:0px;} #top, #top ul.nav li ul li a:hover { background:#cecece;} #top ul.nav li a { font:normal 12px/1.6em Arial, sans-serif;color:#666666; } #top ul.nav li.parent > a:after { border-top-color:#666666;} #footer, #footer p { font:300 13px/1.4em Arial, sans-serif;color:#000000; } #footer {background-color:#ffffff;border-top:1px solid #dbdbdb;border-bottom:0px solid ;border-left:0px solid ;border-right:0px solid ;border-radius:0px; -moz-border-radius:0px; -webkit-border-radius:0px;} .magazine #loopedSlider .content h2.title a { font:bold 24px/1em Arial, sans-serif;color:#ffffff; } .wooslider-theme-magazine .slide-title a { font:bold 24px/1em Arial, sans-serif;color:#ffffff; } .magazine #loopedSlider .content .excerpt p { font:300 13px/1.5em Arial, sans-serif;color:#cccccc; } .wooslider-theme-magazine .slide-content p, .wooslider-theme-magazine .slide-excerpt p { font:300 13px/1.5em Arial, sans-serif;color:#cccccc; } .magazine .block .post .title a {font:bold 18px/1.2em Arial, sans-serif;color:#222222; } #loopedSlider.business-slider .content h2 { font:bold 24px/1em Arial, sans-serif;color:#ffffff; } #loopedSlider.business-slider .content h2.title a { font:bold 24px/1em Arial, sans-serif;color:#ffffff; } .wooslider-theme-business .has-featured-image .slide-title { font:bold 24px/1em Arial, sans-serif;color:#ffffff; } .wooslider-theme-business .has-featured-image .slide-title a { font:bold 24px/1em Arial, sans-serif;color:#ffffff; } #wrapper #loopedSlider.business-slider .content p { font:normal 16px/1.5em Arial, sans-serif;color:#ffffff; } .wooslider-theme-business .has-featured-image .slide-content p { font:normal 16px/1.5em Arial, sans-serif;color:#ffffff; } .wooslider-theme-business .has-featured-image .slide-excerpt p { font:normal 16px/1.5em Arial, sans-serif;color:#ffffff; } @media only screen and (min-width:768px) { #wrapper #loopedSlider.business-slider .content { width: 40%; top: 2.5em; bottom: inherit; left:0; right: inherit; text-align: left; } } .archive_header { font:bold 18px/1em Arial, sans-serif;color:#222222; } .archive_header {border-bottom:1px solid #e6e6e6;} </style> <style type="text/css" id="woo-header-bg-css"> #header { background-image:url(https://ieeeces.wpengine.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/06/cropped-header-background.png); } </style> <!-- Options Panel Custom CSS --> <style type="text/css"> https://cmp.osano.com/AzyzptTmRlqVd2LRf/1a29d9a8-011b-4815-a090-7f6c6a8e4a02/osano.js #header .header-widget { margin-top: 9px; } </style> <!-- Woo Shortcodes CSS --> <link href="https://innovationatwork.ieee.org/wp-content/themes/canvas/functions/css/shortcodes.css" rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" /> <!-- Custom Stylesheet --> <link href="https://innovationatwork.ieee.org/wp-content/themes/canvas/custom.css" rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" /> <!-- Theme version --> <meta name="generator" content="Canvas 5.11.7" /> <meta name="generator" content="WooFramework 6.2.9" /> <style type="text/css" id="woo-header-css"> .site-title, .site-description { clip: rect(1px 1px 1px 1px); /* IE7 */ clip: rect(1px, 1px, 1px, 1px); position: absolute; } </style> <style type="text/css" id="custom-background-css"> body.custom-background { background-image: url('https://innovationatwork.ieee.org/wp-content/uploads/2018/04/white-box.png'); background-repeat: no-repeat; background-position: top center; background-attachment: fixed; } </style> <link rel="icon" href="https://innovationatwork.ieee.org/wp-content/uploads/2016/03/cropped-ieee_apple_favicon_57x57-32x32.png" sizes="32x32" /> <link rel="icon" href="https://innovationatwork.ieee.org/wp-content/uploads/2016/03/cropped-ieee_apple_favicon_57x57-192x192.png" sizes="192x192" /> <link rel="apple-touch-icon" href="https://innovationatwork.ieee.org/wp-content/uploads/2016/03/cropped-ieee_apple_favicon_57x57-180x180.png" /> <meta name="msapplication-TileImage" content="https://innovationatwork.ieee.org/wp-content/uploads/2016/03/cropped-ieee_apple_favicon_57x57-270x270.png" /> <style type="text/css" id="wp-custom-css"> .pt-cv-readmore { color: #ffffff!important; background-color: #428bca !important; border: none !important; } i.fa-x-twitter { display: inline-block; border-radius: 15px; box-shadow: 0 0 2px #888; padding: 8px; background: #009fdd; font-size: 15px; color: #fff; height: 15px; } body .gform_wrapper input[type='radio'], body .gform_wrapper input[type='checkbox'] { width: inherit!important; } </style> <script src="//app-ab24.marketo.com/js/forms2/js/forms2.min.js"></script> <script src="https://s3.amazonaws.com/ieee-mkto-cross-domain/enterprise-page-code.js"></script> <script type="text/javascript" src="https://cdns.gigya.com/js/gigya.js?apikey=3_ihC9k-currG51rxnDiN6bhiAzQy1-4zw1zOtNOrZ11jAxUhFRKPUrVKs553Kv7px "></script> </head> <body class="post-template-default single single-post postid-2503 single-format-standard custom-background tribe-no-js page-template-canvas ie7 ie alt-style-default two-col-left width-970 two-col-left-970"> <div id="top"> <div class="col-full"> <h3 class="top-menu">Metanav</h3><ul id="top-nav" class="nav top-navigation fl"><li id="menu-item-20" class="menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom menu-item-20"><a href="http://www.ieee.org">IEEE.org</a></li> <li id="menu-item-397" class="menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom menu-item-397"><a href="http://ieeexplore.ieee.org/Xplore/home.jsp">IEEE <i>Xplore</i> Digital Library</a></li> <li id="menu-item-398" class="menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom menu-item-398"><a href="http://standards.ieee.org/">IEEE Standards</a></li> <li id="menu-item-399" class="menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom menu-item-399"><a href="http://spectrum.ieee.org/">IEEE Spectrum</a></li> <li id="menu-item-400" class="menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom menu-item-400"><a href="http://www.ieee.org/sitemap.html">More Sites</a></li> </ul> </div> </div><!-- /#top --> <div id="wrapper"> <div id="inner-wrapper"> <!-- v ieee cookie banner v --> <script src="https://cmp.osano.com/AzyzptTmRlqVd2LRf/1a29d9a8-011b-4815-a090-7f6c6a8e4a02/osano.js"></script> <link rel="stylesheet" href="https://cookie-consent.ieee.org/ieee-cookie-banner.css" type="text/css"/> <!-- ^ ieee cookie banner ^ --><h3 class="nav-toggle icon"><a href="#navigation">Navigation</a></h3> <header id="header" class="col-full"> <div id="logo"> <a href="https://innovationatwork.ieee.org/" title="Preparing your organization for emerging technologies"><img src="https://innovationatwork.ieee.org/wp-content/uploads/2017/04/IEEE-Innovation-at-Work_Type-Treatment_Final-300x72.jpg" alt="IEEE Innovation at Work" /></a> <span class="site-title"><a href="https://innovationatwork.ieee.org/">IEEE Innovation at Work</a></span> <span class="site-description">Preparing your organization for emerging technologies</span> </div> <div class="header-widget"> <div id="sow-image-2" class="widget widget_sow-image"><div class="so-widget-sow-image so-widget-sow-image-default-e4c2d9f6c920" > <div class="sow-image-container"> <a href="http://www.ieee.org/index.html" > <img src="https://innovationatwork.ieee.org/wp-content/uploads/2015/06/black-transparent.png" width="150" height="53" srcset="https://innovationatwork.ieee.org/wp-content/uploads/2015/06/black-transparent.png 1917w, https://innovationatwork.ieee.org/wp-content/uploads/2015/06/black-transparent-300x107.png 300w, https://innovationatwork.ieee.org/wp-content/uploads/2015/06/black-transparent-1024x365.png 1024w" sizes="(max-width: 150px) 100vw, 150px" title="IEEE" alt="IEEE" decoding="async" class="so-widget-image"/> </a></div> </div></div> </div> <script src="https://kit.fontawesome.com/ec2aa9536a.js" crossorigin="anonymous"></script> </header> <nav id="navigation" class="col-full" role="navigation"> <section class="menus nav-icons nav-icons-1"> <a href="https://innovationatwork.ieee.org" class="nav-home"><span>Home</span></a> <h3>Nav Bar</h3><ul id="main-nav" class="nav fl"><li id="menu-item-977" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-has-children menu-item-977"><a href="https://innovationatwork.ieee.org/articles/">Articles</a> <ul class="sub-menu"> <li id="menu-item-1476" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-1476"><a href="https://innovationatwork.ieee.org/artificial-intelligence-resources/">Artificial Intelligence</a></li> <li id="menu-item-1990" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-1990"><a href="https://innovationatwork.ieee.org/autonomous-vehicles-resources/">Autonomous Vehicles</a></li> <li id="menu-item-1988" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-1988"><a href="https://innovationatwork.ieee.org/blockchain-resources/">Blockchain</a></li> <li id="menu-item-987" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-987"><a href="https://innovationatwork.ieee.org/cyber-security/">Cyber Security</a></li> <li id="menu-item-1987" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-1987"><a href="https://innovationatwork.ieee.org/edge_computing/">Edge Computing</a></li> <li id="menu-item-986" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-986"><a href="https://innovationatwork.ieee.org/ethical-hacking/">Ethical Hacking</a></li> <li id="menu-item-1986" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-1986"><a href="https://innovationatwork.ieee.org/grid-modernization-resources/">Grid Modernization</a></li> <li id="menu-item-985" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-985"><a href="https://innovationatwork.ieee.org/internet-of-things/">Internet of Things</a></li> </ul> </li> <li id="menu-item-1002" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-1002"><a href="https://innovationatwork.ieee.org/courses/">Courses</a></li> <li id="menu-item-3455" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-3455"><a href="https://innovationatwork.ieee.org/events/virtual-events/">Virtual Events</a></li> <li id="menu-item-978" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-978"><a href="https://innovationatwork.ieee.org/contact-us/">Contact Us</a></li> </ul><aside id="connect" style="border:none; float:right;background:none;padding:0 82px 0 0;margin: -37px 0 0 0"> <div class="social" style="border:none;background:none;"> <a target="_blank" href="https://www.facebook.com/ieee.continuing.education/" class="facebook" title="Facebook"></a> <a target="_blank" href="https://twitter.com/IEEElearn" title="Twitter"><i class="fa-brands fa-x-twitter"></i></a> <a target="_blank" href="https://www.linkedin.com/company/ieee-educational-activities" class="linkedin" title="LinkedIn"></a> </div> <div class="fix"></div> </aside> <div class="side-nav"> <ul class="nav-search"> <li> <a class="search-contents" href="#"></a> <ul> <li> <div class="widget widget_search"><div class="search_main"> <form method="get" class="searchform" action="https://innovationatwork.ieee.org/" > <input type="text" class="field s" name="s" value="Search..." onfocus="if (this.value == 'Search...') {this.value = '';}" onblur="if (this.value == '') {this.value = 'Search...';}" /> <button type="submit" class="fa fa-search submit" name="submit" value="Search"></button> </form> <div class="fix"></div> </div></div> </li> </ul> </li> </ul> </div><!-- /#side-nav --> </section><!-- /.menus --> <a href="#top" class="nav-close"><span>Return to Content</span></a> </nav> <!-- #content Starts --> <div id="content" class="col-full"> <div id="main-sidebar-container"> <!-- #main Starts --> <section id="main"> <article class="post-2503 post type-post status-publish format-standard has-post-thumbnail hentry category-5g tag-5g tag-connectivity tag-latency"> <header> <h1 class="title entry-title">Approaching 5G Availability in 2019</h1> </header> <div class="post-meta"></div> <section class="entry"> <p><img fetchpriority="high" decoding="async" class="alignleft size-large wp-image-2504" src="https://innovationatwork.ieee.org/wp-content/uploads/2019/01/bigstock-Phone-Computer-g-Earth-Busine-274327624-1024x558.jpg" alt="5g availability what's the difference between 4g and 5g technology" width="1024" height="558" srcset="https://innovationatwork.ieee.org/wp-content/uploads/2019/01/bigstock-Phone-Computer-g-Earth-Busine-274327624-1024x558.jpg 1024w, https://innovationatwork.ieee.org/wp-content/uploads/2019/01/bigstock-Phone-Computer-g-Earth-Busine-274327624-300x164.jpg 300w, https://innovationatwork.ieee.org/wp-content/uploads/2019/01/bigstock-Phone-Computer-g-Earth-Busine-274327624-768x419.jpg 768w, https://innovationatwork.ieee.org/wp-content/uploads/2019/01/bigstock-Phone-Computer-g-Earth-Busine-274327624-150x82.jpg 150w" sizes="(max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px" /><br /> 5G networks are expected to be available in the next few months. This once-in a decade upgrade to our wireless systems promises mobile speeds that will enable an entire movie download in a matter of seconds.</p> <p>To get the full benefits of 5G networks, users will have to buy new 5G-enabled phones and carriers will need to install new transmission equipment to offer faster service.</p> <p>How fast 5G works for you will depend on where you live, which wireless services you use, and when you take the 5G plunge. According to wireless chip maker Qualcomm, 5G download speeds are roughly 20 times faster than the current 4G experience. Downloading a typical movie would take 17 seconds with 5G, compared with six minutes for 4G.</p> <h4><strong><u>Improved Latency</u></strong></h4> <p>Smartphone response to voice commands aren’t exactly instant right now. A lag of 50+ milliseconds is common. 5G, using newer networking technology, was designed to reduce latency down to just a few milliseconds. It was also designed to deliver signals more reliably than earlier cellular networks.</p> <p>It even makes a difference in the size of virtual reality headsets. Now bulky and wired, VR headsets would be wireless, freeing users to move around, and smaller, the size of eyeglasses.</p> <p>The impact of 5G extends to medicine and other fields that rely more and more on high speed connections. “If you talk about remote surgery or connected cars, you don’t want latency times to be too long,” said Fredrik Jejdling, and executive vice president at Ericsson, a cellular equipment company.</p> <h4><strong><u>Timing</u></strong></h4> <p>Smart phones aren’t ready yet for a direct connection to 5G networks. But AT&amp;T, Verizon and Sprint are all expected to start providing 5G services for smart phones in the second quarter of 2019.</p> <p>However, the full benefits of 5G aren’t expected until American carriers upgrade key central switching equipment, which may not happen until late 2019 or sometime in 2020. While Verizon and AT&amp;T plan to later add 5G services based on lower frequencies that offer wider coverage but may result in slower initial speeds, the first 5G handsets may not work with those portions of their networks, so the reach of 5G signals for those phones may remain limited.</p> <p>Michael Thelander, president of wireless consultancy Signals Research, says, “I wouldn’t buy a 5G phone until it supports 5G in one of the lower-frequency bands. For all operators but Sprint, this means at least late 2019, and more likely 2020.”</p> <p>According to a timetable compiled by Qualcomm, Britain, Germany, Switzerland, China, South Korea, and Australia are expected to follow the United States with 2019 rollouts of 5G.</p> <h4><strong><u>Will Your Industry Be Affected?</u></strong></h4> <p>Smart Phones aren’t the only devices that will be affected by 5G. Devices like industrial robots, security cameras, drones, and cars that will send traffic data to one another will also see big changes, as will video games, sports, and shopping. Faster networks could help spread the use of artificial intelligence and other cutting edge technologies.</p> <p>How will 5G affect your industry? Don’t wait to find out! The IEEE 5G training program is coming soon to the <a href="https://innovate.ieee.org/ieee-elearning-library/?LT=EA_IAW_20190124_5G_Post_eLL">IEEE eLearning Library</a>. <a href="https://innovate.ieee.org/contact-us/?LT=EA_IAW_20190124_5G_Post_eLL">Subscribe to the eLearning Library today</a> to be among the first to have access.</p> <p>&nbsp;</p> <h4><strong><em><u>Resources</u></em></strong></h4> <p><em>Clark, Don. (31 Dec 2018). <a href="https://www.nytimes.com/2018/12/31/technology/personaltech/5g-what-you-need-to-know.html">5G Is Coming This Year. Here’s What You Need to Know</a>. The New York Times.</em></p> <div class="addtoany_share_save_container addtoany_content addtoany_content_bottom"><div class="a2a_kit a2a_kit_size_20 addtoany_list" data-a2a-url="https://innovationatwork.ieee.org/approaching-5g-availability-in-2019/" data-a2a-title="Approaching 5G Availability in 2019"><a class="a2a_button_facebook" href="https://www.addtoany.com/add_to/facebook?linkurl=https%3A%2F%2Finnovationatwork.ieee.org%2Fapproaching-5g-availability-in-2019%2F&amp;linkname=Approaching%205G%20Availability%20in%202019" title="Facebook" rel="nofollow noopener" target="_blank"></a><a class="a2a_button_x" href="https://www.addtoany.com/add_to/x?linkurl=https%3A%2F%2Finnovationatwork.ieee.org%2Fapproaching-5g-availability-in-2019%2F&amp;linkname=Approaching%205G%20Availability%20in%202019" title="X" rel="nofollow noopener" target="_blank"></a><a class="a2a_button_linkedin" href="https://www.addtoany.com/add_to/linkedin?linkurl=https%3A%2F%2Finnovationatwork.ieee.org%2Fapproaching-5g-availability-in-2019%2F&amp;linkname=Approaching%205G%20Availability%20in%202019" title="LinkedIn" rel="nofollow noopener" target="_blank"></a><a class="a2a_button_email" href="https://www.addtoany.com/add_to/email?linkurl=https%3A%2F%2Finnovationatwork.ieee.org%2Fapproaching-5g-availability-in-2019%2F&amp;linkname=Approaching%205G%20Availability%20in%202019" title="Email" rel="nofollow noopener" target="_blank"></a><a class="a2a_button_print" href="https://www.addtoany.com/add_to/print?linkurl=https%3A%2F%2Finnovationatwork.ieee.org%2Fapproaching-5g-availability-in-2019%2F&amp;linkname=Approaching%205G%20Availability%20in%202019" title="Print" rel="nofollow noopener" target="_blank"></a></div></div> </section><!-- /.entry --> <div class="fix"></div> <div class="post-utility"><p class="tags"><i class="fa fa-tag"></i> <a href="https://innovationatwork.ieee.org/tag/5g/" rel="tag">5G</a>, <a href="https://innovationatwork.ieee.org/tag/connectivity/" rel="tag">connectivity</a>, <a href="https://innovationatwork.ieee.org/tag/latency/" rel="tag">latency</a></p> </div> </article><!-- /.post --> <div class="post-entries"> <div class="nav-prev fl"><a href="https://innovationatwork.ieee.org/is-artificial-intelligence-only-for-the-rich/" rel="prev"><i class="fa fa-angle-left"></i> Is Artificial Intelligence Only for the Rich?</a></div> <div class="nav-next fr"><a href="https://innovationatwork.ieee.org/renewable-power-sources-are-gaining-traction-around-the-world/" rel="next">Renewable Power Sources Are Gaining Traction Around the World <i class="fa fa-angle-right"></i></a></div> <div class="fix"></div> </div> <div id="comments"> <h3 id="pings-title">Trackbacks/Pingbacks</h3> <ol class="commentlist"> <li id="comment-9120"> <span class="author"><a href="https://innovationatwork.ieee.org/3-real-world-5g-and-edge-use-cases-in-manufacturing/" class="url" rel="ugc">3 Real-World 5G and Edge Use Cases in Manufacturing | IEEE Innovation at Work</a></span> - <span class="date">February 1, 2019</span> <span class="pingcontent"><p>[&#8230;] integration of edge computing and 5G networks hasn’t made a major impact in the manufacturing marketplace just yet, but it [&#8230;]</p> </span> </li><!-- #comment-## --> <li id="comment-10999"> <span class="author"><a href="https://innovationatwork.ieee.org/huawei-launches-worlds-first-5g-powered-hardware-for-self-driving-cars/" class="url" rel="ugc">Huawei Launches World&#039;s First 5G-Powered Hardware for Self-Driving Cars | IEEE Innovation at Work</a></span> - <span class="date">May 2, 2019</span> <span class="pingcontent"><p>[&#8230;] Huawei launched the MH5000 module, which will contribute to the company&#8217;s plans to commercialize a 5G network for the automotive sector as early as the second half of this year. [&#8230;]</p> </span> </li><!-- #comment-## --> <li id="comment-11557"> <span class="author"><a href="https://innovationatwork.ieee.org/study-shows-att-5ge-is-slower-than-verizon-and-t-mobile-4g/" class="url" rel="ugc">Study Shows AT&amp;T 5GE is Slower than Verizon and T-Mobile 4G - IEEE Innovation at Work</a></span> - <span class="date">June 11, 2019</span> <span class="pingcontent"><p>[&#8230;] 5G communication is projected to perform upwards of 1,000 times faster than 4G, making devices respond in a matter of milliseconds. OpenSignal reports that, after comparing user-initiated speed tests from more than 1 million devices, AT&amp;T’s 5GE phones get average speeds of 28.8Mbps, falling right between T-Mobile’s 29.4Mbps and Verizon’s 29.9 Mbps, and Sprint’s 20.4Mbps. The AT&amp;T average of 18.2Mbps on non-advanced LTE was also slightly behind T-Mobile and Verizon but ahead of Sprint. So AT&amp;T’s 5GE speeds are typical LTE-Advanced speeds. [&#8230;]</p> </span> </li><!-- #comment-## --> </ol> </div> <div id="respond" class="comment-respond"> <h3 id="reply-title" class="comment-reply-title">Leave a Reply <small><a rel="nofollow" id="cancel-comment-reply-link" href="/approaching-5g-availability-in-2019/#respond" style="display:none;">Click here to cancel reply.</a></small></h3><form action="https://innovationatwork.ieee.org/wp-comments-post.php?wpe-comment-post=ieeeces" method="post" id="commentform" class="comment-form"><p class="comment-form-comment"><label class="hide" for="comment">Comment <span class="required">*</span></label> <textarea tabindex="4" id="comment" name="comment" cols="50" rows="10" maxlength="65525" required="required"></textarea></p><p class="comment-form-author"><input id="author" name="author" type="text" class="txt" tabindex="1" value="" size="30" aria-required='true' /><label for="author">Name <span class="required">(required)</span></label> </p> <p class="comment-form-email"><input id="email" name="email" type="text" class="txt" tabindex="2" value="" size="30" aria-required='true' /><label for="email">Email (will not be published) <span class="required">(required)</span></label> </p> <p class="comment-form-url"><input id="url" name="url" type="text" class="txt" tabindex="3" value="" size="30" /><label for="url">Website</label></p> <div class="g-recaptcha" style="transform: scale(0.9); -webkit-transform: scale(0.9); transform-origin: 0 0; -webkit-transform-origin: 0 0;" data-sitekey="6LdQEPEUAAAAANXiGuiQDsu5C6cnmPyx_4LTOzRt"></div><script> jQuery("form.woocommerce-checkout").on("submit", function(){ setTimeout(function(){ grecaptcha.reset(); },100); }); </script><script src='https://www.google.com/recaptcha/api.js?ver=1.21' id='wpcaptcha-recaptcha-js'></script><p class="form-submit"><input name="submit" type="submit" id="submit" class="submit" value="Submit Comment" /> <input type='hidden' name='comment_post_ID' value='2503' id='comment_post_ID' /> <input type='hidden' name='comment_parent' id='comment_parent' value='0' /> </p><p style="display: none;"><input type="hidden" id="akismet_comment_nonce" name="akismet_comment_nonce" value="a6dc4eef1c" /></p><p style="display: none !important;" class="akismet-fields-container" data-prefix="ak_"><label>&#916;<textarea name="ak_hp_textarea" cols="45" rows="8" maxlength="100"></textarea></label><input type="hidden" id="ak_js_1" name="ak_js" value="171"/><script>document.getElementById( "ak_js_1" ).setAttribute( "value", ( new Date() ).getTime() );</script></p></form> </div><!-- #respond --> </section><!-- /#main --> <aside id="sidebar"> <aside id="connect" style="border:none; float:right;background:none;padding:0 82px 0 0;margin: -37px 0 0 0"> <div class="social" style="border:none;background:none;"> <a target="_blank" href="https://www.facebook.com/ieee.continuing.education/" class="facebook" title="Facebook"></a> <a target="_blank" href="https://twitter.com/IEEElearn" class="twitter" title="Twitter"></a> <a target="_blank" href="https://www.linkedin.com/company/ieee-educational-activities" class="linkedin" title="LinkedIn"></a> </div> <div class="fix"></div> </aside><div id="custom_html-4" class="widget_text widget widget_custom_html"><div class="textwidget custom-html-widget"></div></div><div id="text-27" class="widget widget_text"><h3>Subscribe to get the best articles, infographics, and course news delivered straight to your inbox.</h3> <div class="textwidget"><script src="//app-ab24.marketo.com/js/forms2/js/forms2.min.js"></script> <form id="mktoForm_1021"></form> <script>MktoForms2.loadForm("//app-ab24.marketo.com", "756-GPH-899", 1021);</script></div> </div><div id="text-44" class="widget widget_text"> <div class="textwidget"><p><a href="https://iln.ieee.org/Public/ContentDetails.aspx?id=BD52C464E276442DB1B42A2EC8F3EE52&amp;utm_source=iaw&amp;utm_medium=web_l_20240509&amp;utm_campaign=mg_PicsAd" target="_blank" rel="noopener"><img loading="lazy" decoding="async" class="aligncenter wp-image-7326 size-full" src="https://innovationatwork.ieee.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/05/23-EA-3-912d-MiniGridsinAfricaWebAd-300x250-FNL.png" alt="" width="300" height="250" srcset="https://innovationatwork.ieee.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/05/23-EA-3-912d-MiniGridsinAfricaWebAd-300x250-FNL.png 300w, https://innovationatwork.ieee.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/05/23-EA-3-912d-MiniGridsinAfricaWebAd-300x250-FNL-150x125.png 150w" sizes="(max-width: 300px) 100vw, 300px" /></a></p> </div> </div><div id="text-5" class="widget widget_text"> <div class="textwidget"><p><a href="https://innovationatwork.ieee.org/certificates/?utm_source=IAW&amp;utm_medium=wb&amp;utm_campaign=PicsAd" target="_blank" rel="noopener"><img loading="lazy" decoding="async" class="aligncenter wp-image-7373 size-full" src="https://innovationatwork.ieee.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/05/24-EA-3-902F-CredentialingAdSuite-WebAd-300x250-Attendance-FNL.jpg" alt="" width="300" height="250" srcset="https://innovationatwork.ieee.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/05/24-EA-3-902F-CredentialingAdSuite-WebAd-300x250-Attendance-FNL.jpg 300w, https://innovationatwork.ieee.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/05/24-EA-3-902F-CredentialingAdSuite-WebAd-300x250-Attendance-FNL-150x125.jpg 150w" sizes="(max-width: 300px) 100vw, 300px" /></a></p> </div> </div><div id="text-46" class="widget widget_text"> <div class="textwidget"><p><a href="https://forms1.ieee.org/IEEE-Rutgers-Mini-MBA-for-Engineers.html?LT=EA_WB_20230118_LM_ruminimba" target="_blank" rel="noopener"><img loading="lazy" decoding="async" class="aligncenter wp-image-5763 size-full" src="https://innovationatwork.ieee.org/wp-content/uploads/2023/01/21-ea-362-rutgersminimba-businesstraining-webad-300x250-1.png" alt="IEEE-rutgers-mini-mba-for-engineers" width="300" height="250" data-wp-editing="1" srcset="https://innovationatwork.ieee.org/wp-content/uploads/2023/01/21-ea-362-rutgersminimba-businesstraining-webad-300x250-1.png 300w, https://innovationatwork.ieee.org/wp-content/uploads/2023/01/21-ea-362-rutgersminimba-businesstraining-webad-300x250-1-150x125.png 150w" sizes="(max-width: 300px) 100vw, 300px" /></a></p> </div> </div><div id="text-47" class="widget widget_text"> <div class="textwidget"><p><a href="https://iln.ieee.org/Public/ContentDetails.aspx?id=C61EB06931DD481E9FE74F2C17FD7D5E&amp;utm_source=iaw&amp;utm_medium=web_l_20220519&amp;utm_campaign=aero_PicsAd" target="_blank" rel="noopener"><img loading="lazy" decoding="async" class="aligncenter wp-image-5363 size-medium" src="https://innovationatwork.ieee.org/wp-content/uploads/2022/05/21-EA-300-1a-IEEEStandardsAerospaceDefense-WebAd-418x350-Static-300x251.png" alt="" width="300" height="251" srcset="https://innovationatwork.ieee.org/wp-content/uploads/2022/05/21-EA-300-1a-IEEEStandardsAerospaceDefense-WebAd-418x350-Static-300x251.png 300w, https://innovationatwork.ieee.org/wp-content/uploads/2022/05/21-EA-300-1a-IEEEStandardsAerospaceDefense-WebAd-418x350-Static-150x126.png 150w, https://innovationatwork.ieee.org/wp-content/uploads/2022/05/21-EA-300-1a-IEEEStandardsAerospaceDefense-WebAd-418x350-Static.png 418w" sizes="(max-width: 300px) 100vw, 300px" /></a></p> </div> </div><div id="text-41" class="widget widget_text"> <div class="textwidget"><p><a href="https://iln.ieee.org/Public/ContentDetails.aspx?id=72F4692104C84E1FA1040ECD20E8B536&amp;utm_source=iaw&amp;utm_medium=web_l_20210411&amp;utm_campaign=ml_PicsAd"><img loading="lazy" decoding="async" class="aligncenter wp-image-4456 size-full" src="https://innovationatwork.ieee.org/wp-content/uploads/2021/04/20-EA-1.gif" alt="" width="300" height="250" /></a></p> </div> </div><div id="text-43" class="widget widget_text"> <div class="textwidget"><p><a href="https://iln.ieee.org/public/contentdetails.aspx?id=9D3FE9C6144F4C298ABDE18D84EDB93C&amp;utm_source=iaw&amp;utm_medium=web_l_20201209&amp;utm_campaign=ais_PicsAd"><img loading="lazy" decoding="async" class="aligncenter size-full wp-image-4216" src="https://innovationatwork.ieee.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/12/20-EA-363g-AIStandards-WebAd-300x250-Animated-FNL.gif" alt="" width="300" height="250" /></a></p> </div> </div><div id="text-37" class="widget widget_text"> <div class="textwidget"><p><a href="https://forms1.ieee.org/5G-Course-Program.html?LT=EA_WB_01.21.20_LM_IAW_5G_PicsAd"><img loading="lazy" decoding="async" class="aligncenter wp-image-3362 size-full" src="https://innovationatwork.ieee.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/01/19-EA-300-12B-5GCourse-WebAd-300x250-animated.gif" alt="5g-networks-course-ieee-nokia" width="300" height="250" /></a></p> </div> </div><div id="text-34" class="widget widget_text"> <div class="textwidget"><p><a href="https://forms1.ieee.org/Automotive-Cyber-Security.html?LT=EA_WB_02.22.21_LM_IAW_ACS_PicsAd"><img loading="lazy" decoding="async" class="aligncenter wp-image-4212 size-full" src="https://innovationatwork.ieee.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/12/20-EA-332C-AutomotiveCyberSecurityAd-FNL-300x250-Animated.gif" alt="" width="300" height="250" /></a></p> </div> </div><div id="text-40" class="widget widget_text"> <div class="textwidget"><p><a href="https://hkn.ieee.org/contact-headquarters?utm_source=IAW&amp;utm_medium=wb&amp;utm_campaign=PicsAd" target="_blank" rel="noopener"><img loading="lazy" decoding="async" class="aligncenter wp-image-5564 size-medium" src="https://innovationatwork.ieee.org/wp-content/uploads/2022/10/22-EA-3-907E-AreYouHKN_2022-300x250-FNL-300x250.jpg" alt="are-you-eta-kappa-nu-hkn" width="300" height="250" srcset="https://innovationatwork.ieee.org/wp-content/uploads/2022/10/22-EA-3-907E-AreYouHKN_2022-300x250-FNL-300x250.jpg 300w, https://innovationatwork.ieee.org/wp-content/uploads/2022/10/22-EA-3-907E-AreYouHKN_2022-300x250-FNL-1024x854.jpg 1024w, https://innovationatwork.ieee.org/wp-content/uploads/2022/10/22-EA-3-907E-AreYouHKN_2022-300x250-FNL-768x640.jpg 768w, https://innovationatwork.ieee.org/wp-content/uploads/2022/10/22-EA-3-907E-AreYouHKN_2022-300x250-FNL-150x125.jpg 150w, https://innovationatwork.ieee.org/wp-content/uploads/2022/10/22-EA-3-907E-AreYouHKN_2022-300x250-FNL.jpg 1250w" sizes="(max-width: 300px) 100vw, 300px" /></a></p> </div> </div></aside><!-- /#sidebar --> </div><!-- /#main-sidebar-container --> </div><!-- /#content --> <script type="text/javascript"> _linkedin_data_partner_id = "45092"; </script><script type="text/javascript"> (function(){var s = document.getElementsByTagName("script")[0]; var b = document.createElement("script"); b.type = "text/javascript";b.async = true; b.src = "https://snap.licdn.com/li.lms-analytics/insight.min.js"; s.parentNode.insertBefore(b, s);})(); </script> <footer id="footer" class="col-full"> <a href="#top">TOP OF PAGE</a> <hr> <br> <a href="http://ieee-custom-ed-solutions.org/" id="u-home">Home</a> | <a href="https://innovationatwork.ieee.org/contact-us/" id="u-contact">Contact & Support</a> | <a href="http://www.ieee.org/accessibility_statement.html" id="u-accessibility">Accessibility</a> | <a href="http://www.ieee.org/p9-26.html" id="u-non">Nondiscrimination Policy</a> | <a href="http://ieee-ethics-reporting.org/" id="u-accessibility">IEEE Ethics Reporting</a> | <a href="http://www.ieee.org/security_privacy.html" id="u-privacy">Privacy & Opting Out of Cookies</a> <p><br>© Copyright <script>document.write(new Date().getFullYear())</script> IEEE – All rights reserved. Use of this website signifies your agreement to the <a href="http://www.ieee.org/site_terms_conditions.html">IEEE Terms and Conditions</a>. A public charity, IEEE is the world's largest technical professional organization dedicated to advancing technology for the benefit of humanity.</p> <div id="copyright" class="col-left"> <p><p></p></p> </div> <div id="credit" class="col-right"> <p><p></p></p> </div> </footer> </div><!-- /#inner-wrapper --> </div><!-- /#wrapper --> <div class="fix"></div><!--/.fix--> <!-- Google Tag Manager (noscript) --> <noscript><iframe src="https://www.googletagmanager.com/ns.html?id=GTM-M2GZK7M" height="0" width="0" style="display:none;visibility:hidden"></iframe></noscript> <noscript><iframe src="https://www.googletagmanager.com/ns.html?id=GTM-KKPCDLN" height="0" width="0" style="display:none;visibility:hidden"></iframe></noscript> <!-- End Google Tag Manager (noscript) --> <script> ( function ( body ) { 'use strict'; body.className = body.className.replace( /\btribe-no-js\b/, 'tribe-js' ); } )( document.body ); </script> <script> (function(i,s,o,g,r,a,m){i['GoogleAnalyticsObject']=r;i[r]=i[r]||function(){ (i[r].q=i[r].q||[]).push(arguments)},i[r].l=1*new Date();a=s.createElement(o), m=s.getElementsByTagName(o)[0];a.async=1;a.src=g;m.parentNode.insertBefore(a,m) })(window,document,'script','https://www.google-analytics.com/analytics.js','ga'); ga('create', 'UA-93964949-1', 'auto'); ga('send', 'pageview'); </script> <!-- Google tag (gtag.js) --> <a href="https://www.googletagmanager.com/gtag/js?id=G-BSTL0YJSGF">https://www.googletagmanager.com/gtag/js?id=G-BSTL0YJSGF</a> <script> window.dataLayer = window.dataLayer || []; function gtag(){dataLayer.push(arguments);} gtag('js', new Date()); gtag('config', 'G-BSTL0YJSGF'); </script> <script> /* <![CDATA[ */var tribe_l10n_datatables = {"aria":{"sort_ascending":": activate to sort column ascending","sort_descending":": activate to sort column descending"},"length_menu":"Show _MENU_ entries","empty_table":"No data available in table","info":"Showing _START_ to _END_ of _TOTAL_ entries","info_empty":"Showing 0 to 0 of 0 entries","info_filtered":"(filtered from _MAX_ total entries)","zero_records":"No matching records found","search":"Search:","all_selected_text":"All items on this page were selected. ","select_all_link":"Select all pages","clear_selection":"Clear Selection.","pagination":{"all":"All","next":"Next","previous":"Previous"},"select":{"rows":{"0":"","_":": Selected %d rows","1":": Selected 1 row"}},"datepicker":{"dayNames":["Sunday","Monday","Tuesday","Wednesday","Thursday","Friday","Saturday"],"dayNamesShort":["Sun","Mon","Tue","Wed","Thu","Fri","Sat"],"dayNamesMin":["S","M","T","W","T","F","S"],"monthNames":["January","February","March","April","May","June","July","August","September","October","November","December"],"monthNamesShort":["January","February","March","April","May","June","July","August","September","October","November","December"],"monthNamesMin":["Jan","Feb","Mar","Apr","May","Jun","Jul","Aug","Sep","Oct","Nov","Dec"],"nextText":"Next","prevText":"Prev","currentText":"Today","closeText":"Done","today":"Today","clear":"Clear"}};/* ]]> */ </script><script type="text/javascript" src="https://innovationatwork.ieee.org/wp-includes/js/comment-reply.min.js?ver=6.6.1" id="comment-reply-js" async="async" data-wp-strategy="async"></script> <script type="text/javascript" src="https://innovationatwork.ieee.org/wp-content/plugins/content-views-query-and-display-post-page/assets/ie-fix/html5shiv.min.js?ver=3.7.0" id="pt-cv-html5shiv-script-js"></script> <script type="text/javascript" src="https://innovationatwork.ieee.org/wp-content/plugins/content-views-query-and-display-post-page/assets/ie-fix/respond.js?ver=1.4.2" id="pt-cv-respond-script-js"></script> <script type="text/javascript" src="https://innovationatwork.ieee.org/wp-includes/js/dist/hooks.min.js?ver=2810c76e705dd1a53b18" id="wp-hooks-js"></script> <script type="text/javascript" src="https://innovationatwork.ieee.org/wp-includes/js/dist/i18n.min.js?ver=5e580eb46a90c2b997e6" id="wp-i18n-js"></script> <script type="text/javascript" id="wp-i18n-js-after"> /* <![CDATA[ */ wp.i18n.setLocaleData( { 'text direction\u0004ltr': [ 'ltr' ] } ); /* ]]> */ </script> <script type="text/javascript" src="https://innovationatwork.ieee.org/wp-content/plugins/contact-form-7/includes/swv/js/index.js?ver=6.0.1" id="swv-js"></script> <script type="text/javascript" id="contact-form-7-js-before"> /* <![CDATA[ */ var wpcf7 = { "api": { "root": "https:\/\/innovationatwork.ieee.org\/wp-json\/", "namespace": "contact-form-7\/v1" }, "cached": 1 }; /* ]]> */ </script> <script type="text/javascript" src="https://innovationatwork.ieee.org/wp-content/plugins/contact-form-7/includes/js/index.js?ver=6.0.1" id="contact-form-7-js"></script> <script type="text/javascript" id="pt-cv-content-views-script-js-extra"> /* <![CDATA[ */ var PT_CV_PUBLIC = {"_prefix":"pt-cv-","page_to_show":"5","_nonce":"79087e28f6","is_admin":"","is_mobile":"","ajaxurl":"https:\/\/innovationatwork.ieee.org\/wp-admin\/admin-ajax.php","lang":"","loading_image_src":"data:image\/gif;base64,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"}; var PT_CV_PAGINATION = {"first":"\u00ab","prev":"\u2039","next":"\u203a","last":"\u00bb","goto_first":"Go to first page","goto_prev":"Go to previous page","goto_next":"Go to next page","goto_last":"Go to last page","current_page":"Current page is","goto_page":"Go to page"}; /* ]]> */ </script> <script type="text/javascript" src="https://innovationatwork.ieee.org/wp-content/plugins/content-views-query-and-display-post-page/public/assets/js/cv.js?ver=4.0.2" id="pt-cv-content-views-script-js"></script> <script defer type="text/javascript" src="https://innovationatwork.ieee.org/wp-content/plugins/akismet/_inc/akismet-frontend.js?ver=1732022328" id="akismet-frontend-js"></script> <style> </style> <script> document.addEventListener("DOMContentLoaded", function(event) { }); </script> <script> var accordions_active = null; var accordions_tabs_active = null; </script> </body> </html>

Pages: 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10