CINXE.COM

Browse by letter: 'J' - 1910 New Catholic Dictionary -

<!DOCTYPE html> <html lang="en"> <head> <title>Browse by letter: 'J' - 1910 New Catholic Dictionary - </title> <meta charset="utf-8"> <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0"> <meta name="theme-color" content="#6b6b6b"> <meta name="google-site-verification" content="VS6RXGOPMB6LMYB2s2vqqPrRFPdj6sptFLk-jIJ7Ino"> <meta name="description" content="Browse by the letter: 'J' in the 1910 New Catholic Dictionary on StudyLight.org."> <meta property="og:title" content="Browse by letter: 'J' - 1910 New Catholic Dictionary - "> <meta property="og:url" content="https://www.studylight.org/dictionaries/eng/ncd/j.html"> <meta property="og:image" content="//www.studylight.info/images/sl_more_than.jpg"> <meta property="og:site_name" content="StudyLight.org"> <meta property="og:description" content="Browse by the letter: 'J' in the 1910 New Catholic Dictionary on StudyLight.org."> <meta name="msapplication-config" content="none"> <!-- Google tag (gtag.js) --> <script async src="https://www.googletagmanager.com/gtag/js?id=G-4V2WYZZ2JS"></script> <script data-cfasync="false" type="text/javascript">if (localStorage.getItem("adsfree-subscriber") !== "1") {(()=>{"use strict";var t={455:(t,e,n)=>{n.d(e,{Z:()=>c});var r=n(81),o=n.n(r),i=n(645),a=n.n(i)()(o());a.push([t.id,'div._1x7oe5p{position:fixed;top:0;left:0;width:100%;height:100%;background:rgba(0,0,0,.4);z-index:999999}div._1x7oe5p *{box-sizing:border-box}div._1x7oe5p div._1tkdorm{position:fixed;top:50%;left:50%;transform:translate(-50%, -50%);display:flex;flex-direction:column;justify-content:flex-start;min-height:25vh;width:50%;background-color:#fff;border:none;border-radius:1em;box-shadow:0 0 10px rgba(0,0,0,.3);text-align:center;font-size:13px;font-family:Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;font-weight:bold;line-height:2;color:#000}div._1x7oe5p div._1tkdorm *:before,div._1x7oe5p div._1tkdorm *:after{content:"";display:none}@media screen and (max-width: 479px){div._1x7oe5p div._1tkdorm{font-size:13px;width:90%}}@media screen and (min-width: 480px){div._1x7oe5p div._1tkdorm{font-size:14px;width:80%}}@media screen and (min-width: 608px){div._1x7oe5p div._1tkdorm{font-size:14px;width:70%}}@media screen and (min-width: 960px){div._1x7oe5p div._1tkdorm{font-size:16px;width:70%}}@media screen and (min-width: 1200px){div._1x7oe5p div._1tkdorm{font-size:16px;width:840px}}div._1x7oe5p div._1tkdorm header{width:100%;background-color:rgba(0,0,0,0);border:0;color:inherit;display:block;font-size:1em;font-family:inherit;letter-spacing:normal;margin:0;opacity:1;outline:none;padding:1em 2em;position:static;text-align:center}div._1x7oe5p div._1tkdorm header img{display:inline;margin:0 0 16px 0;padding:0;max-width:240px;max-height:60px}div._1x7oe5p div._1tkdorm header h2{display:block;line-height:1.3;padding:0;font-family:inherit;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;text-decoration:initial;text-align:center;font-size:1.75em;margin:0;color:inherit}div._1x7oe5p div._1tkdorm header h2:not(img+*){margin-top:30px}div._1x7oe5p div._1tkdorm header span.zw3zih{position:absolute;top:0;right:15px;font-size:2em;font-weight:normal;cursor:pointer;color:inherit}div._1x7oe5p div._1tkdorm header span.zw3zih:hover{filter:brightness(115%)}div._1x7oe5p div._1tkdorm section{width:100%;margin:0;padding:1em 2em;text-align:center;font-family:inherit;color:inherit;background:rgba(0,0,0,0)}div._1x7oe5p div._1tkdorm section p{display:block;margin:0 0 1em 0;line-height:1.5;text-align:center;font-size:1em;font-family:inherit;color:inherit;overflow-wrap:break-word;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;text-decoration:initial}div._1x7oe5p div._1tkdorm section p:last-of-type{margin:0 0 1.5em 0}div._1x7oe5p div._1tkdorm section.ndfh07{display:block}div._1x7oe5p div._1tkdorm section.ndfh07.gez19w{display:none}div._1x7oe5p div._1tkdorm section.ndfh07 a.q769eo._1h8hdqe{color:var(--_1h8hdqe)}div._1x7oe5p div._1tkdorm section.ndfh07 a.q769eo._1wo6gz5{text-decoration:var(--_1wo6gz5)}div._1x7oe5p div._1tkdorm section.ndfh07 a.q769eo.m19f8t:visited{color:var(--m19f8t)}div._1x7oe5p div._1tkdorm section.ndfh07 div._147ewri{display:block;margin:.75em;padding:0}div._1x7oe5p div._1tkdorm section.ndfh07 div._147ewri p._1ehkt64{max-width:80%;margin:0 auto;padding:0;font-size:.85em;color:inherit;font-style:normal;font-weight:normal;cursor:pointer}div._1x7oe5p div._1tkdorm section._1lq9b0z{display:block}div._1x7oe5p div._1tkdorm section._1lq9b0z.gez19w{display:none}div._1x7oe5p div._1tkdorm section._1lq9b0z h4.kt6pt5{color:inherit;text-align:initial;font-weight:normal;font-family:inherit;font-size:1.125em;margin:0 0 .5em .5em}div._1x7oe5p div._1tkdorm section._1lq9b0z div._15c9yzc{display:flex;margin:1.5em 0}div._1x7oe5p div._1tkdorm section._1lq9b0z div._15c9yzc ul.snp44k{max-height:300px;flex:2;list-style:none;overflow-y:auto;margin:0 1em 0 0;padding-inline-start:0}@media screen and (min-width: 608px){div._1x7oe5p div._1tkdorm section._1lq9b0z div._15c9yzc ul.snp44k{flex:1;margin:0 2em 0 0}}div._1x7oe5p div._1tkdorm section._1lq9b0z div._15c9yzc ul.snp44k li{padding:.75em;cursor:pointer;background:rgba(0,0,0,.05);font-weight:bold}div._1x7oe5p div._1tkdorm section._1lq9b0z div._15c9yzc ul.snp44k li:hover{background:rgba(0,0,0,.075)}div._1x7oe5p div._1tkdorm section._1lq9b0z div._15c9yzc ul.snp44k li.plelsp{color:var(--_1es64bu);background:var(--me7zje)}div._1x7oe5p div._1tkdorm section._1lq9b0z div._15c9yzc div.m9fhjc{max-height:300px;overflow-y:auto;flex:3;display:flex;flex-direction:column;justify-content:space-between;text-align:initial}div._1x7oe5p div._1tkdorm section._1lq9b0z div._15c9yzc div.m9fhjc ol._1v529iy{display:none;list-style-type:decimal;text-align:initial;padding:0;margin:0 2em;font-weight:normal}div._1x7oe5p div._1tkdorm section._1lq9b0z div._15c9yzc div.m9fhjc ol._1v529iy.plelsp{display:block}div._1x7oe5p div._1tkdorm section._1lq9b0z div._15c9yzc div.m9fhjc p{margin:1em 0 0;text-align:inherit;font-style:italic}div._1x7oe5p div._1tkdorm section._1lq9b0z button.s4mudg{font-size:1em;text-transform:initial}div._1x7oe5p div._1tkdorm button._1kssuc{width:auto;height:auto;max-width:90%;cursor:pointer;display:inline-block;letter-spacing:normal;margin:.75em;opacity:1;outline:none;overflow-wrap:break-word;font-family:inherit;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;text-decoration:initial;text-transform:uppercase;text-align:center;color:#fff;font-size:1.15em;padding:.75em 2em;padding-inline:2em;padding-block:.75em;line-height:normal;background:#40c28a;border:none;border-radius:.25em;box-shadow:none}div._1x7oe5p div._1tkdorm button._1kssuc:hover{filter:brightness(115%);box-shadow:none}div._1x7oe5p div._1tkdorm a._1h94ia9{height:50px;width:50px;position:absolute;bottom:5px;right:5px}div._1x7oe5p div._1tkdorm a._1h94ia9 img{position:initial;height:100%;width:100%;filter:drop-shadow(1px 1px 1px var(--_1vcjqx8))}',""]);const c=a},645:t=>{t.exports=function(t){var e=[];return e.toString=function(){return this.map((function(e){var n="",r=void 0!==e[5];return e[4]&&(n+="@supports (".concat(e[4],") {")),e[2]&&(n+="@media ".concat(e[2]," {")),r&&(n+="@layer".concat(e[5].length>0?" ".concat(e[5]):""," {")),n+=t(e),r&&(n+="}"),e[2]&&(n+="}"),e[4]&&(n+="}"),n})).join("")},e.i=function(t,n,r,o,i){"string"==typeof t&&(t=[[null,t,void 0]]);var a={};if(r)for(var c=0;c<this.length;c++){var s=this[c][0];null!=s&&(a[s]=!0)}for(var l=0;l<t.length;l++){var d=[].concat(t[l]);r&&a[d[0]]||(void 0!==i&&(void 0===d[5]||(d[1]="@layer".concat(d[5].length>0?" ".concat(d[5]):""," {").concat(d[1],"}")),d[5]=i),n&&(d[2]?(d[1]="@media ".concat(d[2]," {").concat(d[1],"}"),d[2]=n):d[2]=n),o&&(d[4]?(d[1]="@supports (".concat(d[4],") {").concat(d[1],"}"),d[4]=o):d[4]="".concat(o)),e.push(d))}},e}},81:t=>{t.exports=function(t){return t[1]}},379:t=>{var e=[];function n(t){for(var n=-1,r=0;r<e.length;r++)if(e[r].identifier===t){n=r;break}return n}function r(t,r){for(var i={},a=[],c=0;c<t.length;c++){var s=t[c],l=r.base?s[0]+r.base:s[0],d=i[l]||0,u="".concat(l," ").concat(d);i[l]=d+1;var f=n(u),p={css:s[1],media:s[2],sourceMap:s[3],supports:s[4],layer:s[5]};if(-1!==f)e[f].references++,e[f].updater(p);else{var h=o(p,r);r.byIndex=c,e.splice(c,0,{identifier:u,updater:h,references:1})}a.push(u)}return a}function o(t,e){var n=e.domAPI(e);n.update(t);return function(e){if(e){if(e.css===t.css&&e.media===t.media&&e.sourceMap===t.sourceMap&&e.supports===t.supports&&e.layer===t.layer)return;n.update(t=e)}else n.remove()}}t.exports=function(t,o){var i=r(t=t||[],o=o||{});return function(t){t=t||[];for(var a=0;a<i.length;a++){var c=n(i[a]);e[c].references--}for(var s=r(t,o),l=0;l<i.length;l++){var d=n(i[l]);0===e[d].references&&(e[d].updater(),e.splice(d,1))}i=s}}},569:t=>{var e={};t.exports=function(t,n){var r=function(t){if(void 0===e[t]){var n=document.querySelector(t);if(window.HTMLIFrameElement&&n instanceof window.HTMLIFrameElement)try{n=n.contentDocument.head}catch(t){n=null}e[t]=n}return e[t]}(t);if(!r)throw new Error("Couldn't find a style target. This probably means that the value for the 'insert' parameter is invalid.");r.appendChild(n)}},216:t=>{t.exports=function(t){var e=document.createElement("style");return t.setAttributes(e,t.attributes),t.insert(e,t.options),e}},565:(t,e,n)=>{t.exports=function(t){var e=n.nc;e&&t.setAttribute("nonce",e)}},795:t=>{t.exports=function(t){if("undefined"==typeof document)return{update:function(){},remove:function(){}};var e=t.insertStyleElement(t);return{update:function(n){!function(t,e,n){var r="";n.supports&&(r+="@supports (".concat(n.supports,") {")),n.media&&(r+="@media ".concat(n.media," {"));var o=void 0!==n.layer;o&&(r+="@layer".concat(n.layer.length>0?" ".concat(n.layer):""," {")),r+=n.css,o&&(r+="}"),n.media&&(r+="}"),n.supports&&(r+="}");var i=n.sourceMap;i&&"undefined"!=typeof btoa&&(r+=` /*# sourceMappingURL=data:application/json;base64,`.concat(btoa(unescape(encodeURIComponent(JSON.stringify(i))))," */")),e.styleTagTransform(r,t,e.options)}(e,t,n)},remove:function(){!function(t){if(null===t.parentNode)return!1;t.parentNode.removeChild(t)}(e)}}}},589:t=>{t.exports=function(t,e){if(e.styleSheet)e.styleSheet.cssText=t;else{for(;e.firstChild;)e.removeChild(e.firstChild);e.appendChild(document.createTextNode(t))}}}},e={};function n(r){var o=e[r];if(void 0!==o)return o.exports;var i=e[r]={id:r,exports:{}};return t[r](i,i.exports,n),i.exports}n.n=t=>{var e=t&&t.__esModule?()=>t.default:()=>t;return n.d(e,{a:e}),e},n.d=(t,e)=>{for(var r in e)n.o(e,r)&&!n.o(t,r)&&Object.defineProperty(t,r,{enumerable:!0,get:e[r]})},n.o=(t,e)=>Object.prototype.hasOwnProperty.call(t,e),n.nc=void 0,(()=>{const t={randomUUID:"undefined"!=typeof crypto&&crypto.randomUUID&&crypto.randomUUID.bind(crypto)};let e;const r=new Uint8Array(16);function o(){if(!e&&(e="undefined"!=typeof crypto&&crypto.getRandomValues&&crypto.getRandomValues.bind(crypto),!e))throw new Error("crypto.getRandomValues() not supported. See https://github.com/uuidjs/uuid#getrandomvalues-not-supported");return e(r)}const i=[];for(let t=0;t<256;++t)i.push((t+256).toString(16).slice(1));function a(t,e=0){return(i[t[e+0]]+i[t[e+1]]+i[t[e+2]]+i[t[e+3]]+"-"+i[t[e+4]]+i[t[e+5]]+"-"+i[t[e+6]]+i[t[e+7]]+"-"+i[t[e+8]]+i[t[e+9]]+"-"+i[t[e+10]]+i[t[e+11]]+i[t[e+12]]+i[t[e+13]]+i[t[e+14]]+i[t[e+15]]).toLowerCase()}const c=function(e,n,r){if(t.randomUUID&&!n&&!e)return t.randomUUID();const i=(e=e||{}).random||(e.rng||o)();if(i[6]=15&i[6]|64,i[8]=63&i[8]|128,n){r=r||0;for(let t=0;t<16;++t)n[r+t]=i[t];return n}return a(i)};var s=n(379),l=n.n(s),d=n(795),u=n.n(d),f=n(569),p=n.n(f),h=n(565),v=n.n(h),m=n(216),y=n.n(m),g=n(589),b=n.n(g),x=n(455),w={};w.styleTagTransform=b(),w.setAttributes=v(),w.insert=p().bind(null,"head"),w.domAPI=u(),w.insertStyleElement=y();l()(x.Z,w);x.Z&&x.Z.locals&&x.Z.locals;function k(t){return k="function"==typeof Symbol&&"symbol"==typeof Symbol.iterator?function(t){return typeof t}:function(t){return t&&"function"==typeof Symbol&&t.constructor===Symbol&&t!==Symbol.prototype?"symbol":typeof t},k(t)}function L(){L=function(){return e};var t,e={},n=Object.prototype,r=n.hasOwnProperty,o=Object.defineProperty||function(t,e,n){t[e]=n.value},i="function"==typeof Symbol?Symbol:{},a=i.iterator||"@@iterator",c=i.asyncIterator||"@@asyncIterator",s=i.toStringTag||"@@toStringTag";function l(t,e,n){return Object.defineProperty(t,e,{value:n,enumerable:!0,configurable:!0,writable:!0}),t[e]}try{l({},"")}catch(t){l=function(t,e,n){return t[e]=n}}function d(t,e,n,r){var i=e&&e.prototype instanceof y?e:y,a=Object.create(i.prototype),c=new T(r||[]);return o(a,"_invoke",{value:I(t,n,c)}),a}function u(t,e,n){try{return{type:"normal",arg:t.call(e,n)}}catch(t){return{type:"throw",arg:t}}}e.wrap=d;var f="suspendedStart",p="suspendedYield",h="executing",v="completed",m={};function y(){}function g(){}function b(){}var x={};l(x,a,(function(){return this}));var w=Object.getPrototypeOf,E=w&&w(w(O([])));E&&E!==n&&r.call(E,a)&&(x=E);var C=b.prototype=y.prototype=Object.create(x);function S(t){["next","throw","return"].forEach((function(e){l(t,e,(function(t){return this._invoke(e,t)}))}))}function A(t,e){function n(o,i,a,c){var s=u(t[o],t,i);if("throw"!==s.type){var l=s.arg,d=l.value;return d&&"object"==k(d)&&r.call(d,"__await")?e.resolve(d.__await).then((function(t){n("next",t,a,c)}),(function(t){n("throw",t,a,c)})):e.resolve(d).then((function(t){l.value=t,a(l)}),(function(t){return n("throw",t,a,c)}))}c(s.arg)}var i;o(this,"_invoke",{value:function(t,r){function o(){return new e((function(e,o){n(t,r,e,o)}))}return i=i?i.then(o,o):o()}})}function I(e,n,r){var o=f;return function(i,a){if(o===h)throw new Error("Generator is already running");if(o===v){if("throw"===i)throw a;return{value:t,done:!0}}for(r.method=i,r.arg=a;;){var c=r.delegate;if(c){var s=P(c,r);if(s){if(s===m)continue;return s}}if("next"===r.method)r.sent=r._sent=r.arg;else if("throw"===r.method){if(o===f)throw o=v,r.arg;r.dispatchException(r.arg)}else"return"===r.method&&r.abrupt("return",r.arg);o=h;var l=u(e,n,r);if("normal"===l.type){if(o=r.done?v:p,l.arg===m)continue;return{value:l.arg,done:r.done}}"throw"===l.type&&(o=v,r.method="throw",r.arg=l.arg)}}}function P(e,n){var r=n.method,o=e.iterator[r];if(o===t)return n.delegate=null,"throw"===r&&e.iterator.return&&(n.method="return",n.arg=t,P(e,n),"throw"===n.method)||"return"!==r&&(n.method="throw",n.arg=new TypeError("The iterator does not provide a '"+r+"' method")),m;var i=u(o,e.iterator,n.arg);if("throw"===i.type)return n.method="throw",n.arg=i.arg,n.delegate=null,m;var a=i.arg;return a?a.done?(n[e.resultName]=a.value,n.next=e.nextLoc,"return"!==n.method&&(n.method="next",n.arg=t),n.delegate=null,m):a:(n.method="throw",n.arg=new TypeError("iterator result is not an object"),n.delegate=null,m)}function Y(t){var e={tryLoc:t[0]};1 in t&&(e.catchLoc=t[1]),2 in t&&(e.finallyLoc=t[2],e.afterLoc=t[3]),this.tryEntries.push(e)}function _(t){var e=t.completion||{};e.type="normal",delete e.arg,t.completion=e}function T(t){this.tryEntries=[{tryLoc:"root"}],t.forEach(Y,this),this.reset(!0)}function O(e){if(e||""===e){var n=e[a];if(n)return n.call(e);if("function"==typeof e.next)return e;if(!isNaN(e.length)){var o=-1,i=function n(){for(;++o<e.length;)if(r.call(e,o))return n.value=e[o],n.done=!1,n;return n.value=t,n.done=!0,n};return i.next=i}}throw new TypeError(k(e)+" is not iterable")}return g.prototype=b,o(C,"constructor",{value:b,configurable:!0}),o(b,"constructor",{value:g,configurable:!0}),g.displayName=l(b,s,"GeneratorFunction"),e.isGeneratorFunction=function(t){var e="function"==typeof t&&t.constructor;return!!e&&(e===g||"GeneratorFunction"===(e.displayName||e.name))},e.mark=function(t){return Object.setPrototypeOf?Object.setPrototypeOf(t,b):(t.__proto__=b,l(t,s,"GeneratorFunction")),t.prototype=Object.create(C),t},e.awrap=function(t){return{__await:t}},S(A.prototype),l(A.prototype,c,(function(){return this})),e.AsyncIterator=A,e.async=function(t,n,r,o,i){void 0===i&&(i=Promise);var a=new A(d(t,n,r,o),i);return e.isGeneratorFunction(n)?a:a.next().then((function(t){return t.done?t.value:a.next()}))},S(C),l(C,s,"Generator"),l(C,a,(function(){return this})),l(C,"toString",(function(){return"[object Generator]"})),e.keys=function(t){var e=Object(t),n=[];for(var r in e)n.push(r);return n.reverse(),function t(){for(;n.length;){var r=n.pop();if(r in e)return t.value=r,t.done=!1,t}return t.done=!0,t}},e.values=O,T.prototype={constructor:T,reset:function(e){if(this.prev=0,this.next=0,this.sent=this._sent=t,this.done=!1,this.delegate=null,this.method="next",this.arg=t,this.tryEntries.forEach(_),!e)for(var n in this)"t"===n.charAt(0)&&r.call(this,n)&&!isNaN(+n.slice(1))&&(this[n]=t)},stop:function(){this.done=!0;var t=this.tryEntries[0].completion;if("throw"===t.type)throw t.arg;return this.rval},dispatchException:function(e){if(this.done)throw e;var n=this;function o(r,o){return c.type="throw",c.arg=e,n.next=r,o&&(n.method="next",n.arg=t),!!o}for(var i=this.tryEntries.length-1;i>=0;--i){var a=this.tryEntries[i],c=a.completion;if("root"===a.tryLoc)return o("end");if(a.tryLoc<=this.prev){var s=r.call(a,"catchLoc"),l=r.call(a,"finallyLoc");if(s&&l){if(this.prev<a.catchLoc)return o(a.catchLoc,!0);if(this.prev<a.finallyLoc)return o(a.finallyLoc)}else if(s){if(this.prev<a.catchLoc)return o(a.catchLoc,!0)}else{if(!l)throw new Error("try statement without catch or finally");if(this.prev<a.finallyLoc)return o(a.finallyLoc)}}}},abrupt:function(t,e){for(var n=this.tryEntries.length-1;n>=0;--n){var o=this.tryEntries[n];if(o.tryLoc<=this.prev&&r.call(o,"finallyLoc")&&this.prev<o.finallyLoc){var i=o;break}}i&&("break"===t||"continue"===t)&&i.tryLoc<=e&&e<=i.finallyLoc&&(i=null);var a=i?i.completion:{};return a.type=t,a.arg=e,i?(this.method="next",this.next=i.finallyLoc,m):this.complete(a)},complete:function(t,e){if("throw"===t.type)throw t.arg;return"break"===t.type||"continue"===t.type?this.next=t.arg:"return"===t.type?(this.rval=this.arg=t.arg,this.method="return",this.next="end"):"normal"===t.type&&e&&(this.next=e),m},finish:function(t){for(var e=this.tryEntries.length-1;e>=0;--e){var n=this.tryEntries[e];if(n.finallyLoc===t)return this.complete(n.completion,n.afterLoc),_(n),m}},catch:function(t){for(var e=this.tryEntries.length-1;e>=0;--e){var n=this.tryEntries[e];if(n.tryLoc===t){var r=n.completion;if("throw"===r.type){var o=r.arg;_(n)}return o}}throw new Error("illegal catch attempt")},delegateYield:function(e,n,r){return this.delegate={iterator:O(e),resultName:n,nextLoc:r},"next"===this.method&&(this.arg=t),m}},e}function E(t,e,n,r,o,i,a){try{var c=t[i](a),s=c.value}catch(t){return void n(t)}c.done?e(s):Promise.resolve(s).then(r,o)}var C="ZnMtYWRiLWVycg",S=function(){var t,e=(t=L().mark((function t(){var e,n,r,o,i;return L().wrap((function(t){for(;;)switch(t.prev=t.next){case 0:if(document.body){t.next=3;break}return t.next=3,new Promise((function(t){return document.addEventListener("DOMContentLoaded",t)}));case 3:for(e=["YWQ=","YmFubmVyLWFk","YmFubmVyX2Fk","YmFubmVyLWFkLWNvbnRhaW5lcg==","YWQtc2lkZXJhaWw=","c3RpY2t5YWRz","aW1wcnRudC1jbnQ="],(n=document.createElement("div")).textContent=Math.random().toString(),n.setAttribute(atob("ZGF0YS1mcmVlc3Rhci1hZA=="),"123"),r=0;r<e.length;r++)n.classList.add(atob(e[r]));if(n.style.display="block",document.body.appendChild(n),o=window.getComputedStyle(n),i=null==o?void 0:o.display,n.remove(),"none"!==i){t.next=15;break}throw new Error(C);case 15:case"end":return t.stop()}}),t)})),function(){var e=this,n=arguments;return new Promise((function(r,o){var i=t.apply(e,n);function a(t){E(i,r,o,a,c,"next",t)}function c(t){E(i,r,o,a,c,"throw",t)}a(void 0)}))});return function(){return e.apply(this,arguments)}}(),A=function(t){return new Promise((function(e,n){var r=document.createElement("script");try{r.src=t,r.addEventListener("load",(function(){e()})),r.addEventListener("error",(function(){n(C)})),document.head.appendChild(r)}catch(t){n(t)}finally{r.remove()}}))};function I(t){return I="function"==typeof Symbol&&"symbol"==typeof Symbol.iterator?function(t){return typeof t}:function(t){return t&&"function"==typeof Symbol&&t.constructor===Symbol&&t!==Symbol.prototype?"symbol":typeof t},I(t)}function P(){P=function(){return e};var t,e={},n=Object.prototype,r=n.hasOwnProperty,o=Object.defineProperty||function(t,e,n){t[e]=n.value},i="function"==typeof Symbol?Symbol:{},a=i.iterator||"@@iterator",c=i.asyncIterator||"@@asyncIterator",s=i.toStringTag||"@@toStringTag";function l(t,e,n){return Object.defineProperty(t,e,{value:n,enumerable:!0,configurable:!0,writable:!0}),t[e]}try{l({},"")}catch(t){l=function(t,e,n){return t[e]=n}}function d(t,e,n,r){var i=e&&e.prototype instanceof y?e:y,a=Object.create(i.prototype),c=new T(r||[]);return o(a,"_invoke",{value:S(t,n,c)}),a}function u(t,e,n){try{return{type:"normal",arg:t.call(e,n)}}catch(t){return{type:"throw",arg:t}}}e.wrap=d;var f="suspendedStart",p="suspendedYield",h="executing",v="completed",m={};function y(){}function g(){}function b(){}var x={};l(x,a,(function(){return this}));var w=Object.getPrototypeOf,k=w&&w(w(O([])));k&&k!==n&&r.call(k,a)&&(x=k);var L=b.prototype=y.prototype=Object.create(x);function E(t){["next","throw","return"].forEach((function(e){l(t,e,(function(t){return this._invoke(e,t)}))}))}function C(t,e){function n(o,i,a,c){var s=u(t[o],t,i);if("throw"!==s.type){var l=s.arg,d=l.value;return d&&"object"==I(d)&&r.call(d,"__await")?e.resolve(d.__await).then((function(t){n("next",t,a,c)}),(function(t){n("throw",t,a,c)})):e.resolve(d).then((function(t){l.value=t,a(l)}),(function(t){return n("throw",t,a,c)}))}c(s.arg)}var i;o(this,"_invoke",{value:function(t,r){function o(){return new e((function(e,o){n(t,r,e,o)}))}return i=i?i.then(o,o):o()}})}function S(e,n,r){var o=f;return function(i,a){if(o===h)throw new Error("Generator is already running");if(o===v){if("throw"===i)throw a;return{value:t,done:!0}}for(r.method=i,r.arg=a;;){var c=r.delegate;if(c){var s=A(c,r);if(s){if(s===m)continue;return s}}if("next"===r.method)r.sent=r._sent=r.arg;else if("throw"===r.method){if(o===f)throw o=v,r.arg;r.dispatchException(r.arg)}else"return"===r.method&&r.abrupt("return",r.arg);o=h;var l=u(e,n,r);if("normal"===l.type){if(o=r.done?v:p,l.arg===m)continue;return{value:l.arg,done:r.done}}"throw"===l.type&&(o=v,r.method="throw",r.arg=l.arg)}}}function A(e,n){var r=n.method,o=e.iterator[r];if(o===t)return n.delegate=null,"throw"===r&&e.iterator.return&&(n.method="return",n.arg=t,A(e,n),"throw"===n.method)||"return"!==r&&(n.method="throw",n.arg=new TypeError("The iterator does not provide a '"+r+"' method")),m;var i=u(o,e.iterator,n.arg);if("throw"===i.type)return n.method="throw",n.arg=i.arg,n.delegate=null,m;var a=i.arg;return a?a.done?(n[e.resultName]=a.value,n.next=e.nextLoc,"return"!==n.method&&(n.method="next",n.arg=t),n.delegate=null,m):a:(n.method="throw",n.arg=new TypeError("iterator result is not an object"),n.delegate=null,m)}function Y(t){var e={tryLoc:t[0]};1 in t&&(e.catchLoc=t[1]),2 in t&&(e.finallyLoc=t[2],e.afterLoc=t[3]),this.tryEntries.push(e)}function _(t){var e=t.completion||{};e.type="normal",delete e.arg,t.completion=e}function T(t){this.tryEntries=[{tryLoc:"root"}],t.forEach(Y,this),this.reset(!0)}function O(e){if(e||""===e){var n=e[a];if(n)return n.call(e);if("function"==typeof e.next)return e;if(!isNaN(e.length)){var o=-1,i=function n(){for(;++o<e.length;)if(r.call(e,o))return n.value=e[o],n.done=!1,n;return n.value=t,n.done=!0,n};return i.next=i}}throw new TypeError(I(e)+" is not iterable")}return g.prototype=b,o(L,"constructor",{value:b,configurable:!0}),o(b,"constructor",{value:g,configurable:!0}),g.displayName=l(b,s,"GeneratorFunction"),e.isGeneratorFunction=function(t){var e="function"==typeof t&&t.constructor;return!!e&&(e===g||"GeneratorFunction"===(e.displayName||e.name))},e.mark=function(t){return Object.setPrototypeOf?Object.setPrototypeOf(t,b):(t.__proto__=b,l(t,s,"GeneratorFunction")),t.prototype=Object.create(L),t},e.awrap=function(t){return{__await:t}},E(C.prototype),l(C.prototype,c,(function(){return this})),e.AsyncIterator=C,e.async=function(t,n,r,o,i){void 0===i&&(i=Promise);var a=new C(d(t,n,r,o),i);return e.isGeneratorFunction(n)?a:a.next().then((function(t){return t.done?t.value:a.next()}))},E(L),l(L,s,"Generator"),l(L,a,(function(){return this})),l(L,"toString",(function(){return"[object Generator]"})),e.keys=function(t){var e=Object(t),n=[];for(var r in e)n.push(r);return n.reverse(),function t(){for(;n.length;){var r=n.pop();if(r in e)return t.value=r,t.done=!1,t}return t.done=!0,t}},e.values=O,T.prototype={constructor:T,reset:function(e){if(this.prev=0,this.next=0,this.sent=this._sent=t,this.done=!1,this.delegate=null,this.method="next",this.arg=t,this.tryEntries.forEach(_),!e)for(var n in this)"t"===n.charAt(0)&&r.call(this,n)&&!isNaN(+n.slice(1))&&(this[n]=t)},stop:function(){this.done=!0;var t=this.tryEntries[0].completion;if("throw"===t.type)throw t.arg;return this.rval},dispatchException:function(e){if(this.done)throw e;var n=this;function o(r,o){return c.type="throw",c.arg=e,n.next=r,o&&(n.method="next",n.arg=t),!!o}for(var i=this.tryEntries.length-1;i>=0;--i){var a=this.tryEntries[i],c=a.completion;if("root"===a.tryLoc)return o("end");if(a.tryLoc<=this.prev){var s=r.call(a,"catchLoc"),l=r.call(a,"finallyLoc");if(s&&l){if(this.prev<a.catchLoc)return o(a.catchLoc,!0);if(this.prev<a.finallyLoc)return o(a.finallyLoc)}else if(s){if(this.prev<a.catchLoc)return o(a.catchLoc,!0)}else{if(!l)throw new Error("try statement without catch or finally");if(this.prev<a.finallyLoc)return o(a.finallyLoc)}}}},abrupt:function(t,e){for(var n=this.tryEntries.length-1;n>=0;--n){var o=this.tryEntries[n];if(o.tryLoc<=this.prev&&r.call(o,"finallyLoc")&&this.prev<o.finallyLoc){var i=o;break}}i&&("break"===t||"continue"===t)&&i.tryLoc<=e&&e<=i.finallyLoc&&(i=null);var a=i?i.completion:{};return a.type=t,a.arg=e,i?(this.method="next",this.next=i.finallyLoc,m):this.complete(a)},complete:function(t,e){if("throw"===t.type)throw t.arg;return"break"===t.type||"continue"===t.type?this.next=t.arg:"return"===t.type?(this.rval=this.arg=t.arg,this.method="return",this.next="end"):"normal"===t.type&&e&&(this.next=e),m},finish:function(t){for(var e=this.tryEntries.length-1;e>=0;--e){var n=this.tryEntries[e];if(n.finallyLoc===t)return this.complete(n.completion,n.afterLoc),_(n),m}},catch:function(t){for(var e=this.tryEntries.length-1;e>=0;--e){var n=this.tryEntries[e];if(n.tryLoc===t){var r=n.completion;if("throw"===r.type){var o=r.arg;_(n)}return o}}throw new Error("illegal catch attempt")},delegateYield:function(e,n,r){return this.delegate={iterator:O(e),resultName:n,nextLoc:r},"next"===this.method&&(this.arg=t),m}},e}function Y(t,e,n,r,o,i,a){try{var c=t[i](a),s=c.value}catch(t){return void n(t)}c.done?e(s):Promise.resolve(s).then(r,o)}function _(t){return function(){var e=this,n=arguments;return new Promise((function(r,o){var i=t.apply(e,n);function a(t){Y(i,r,o,a,c,"next",t)}function c(t){Y(i,r,o,a,c,"throw",t)}a(void 0)}))}}function T(t,e){for(var n=0;n<e.length;n++){var r=e[n];r.enumerable=r.enumerable||!1,r.configurable=!0,"value"in r&&(r.writable=!0),Object.defineProperty(t,(o=r.key,i=void 0,i=function(t,e){if("object"!==I(t)||null===t)return t;var n=t[Symbol.toPrimitive];if(void 0!==n){var r=n.call(t,e||"default");if("object"!==I(r))return r;throw new TypeError("@@toPrimitive must return a primitive value.")}return("string"===e?String:Number)(t)}(o,"string"),"symbol"===I(i)?i:String(i)),r)}var o,i}var O=function(){function t(e){!function(t,e){if(!(t instanceof e))throw new TypeError("Cannot call a class as a function")}(this,t),this.config=null,this.langCode=null,this.languages=this.getUserPreferredLanguages(e)}var e,n,r,o,i,a;return e=t,n=[{key:"init",value:(a=_(P().mark((function t(){return P().wrap((function(t){for(;;)switch(t.prev=t.next){case 0:return t.next=2,this.fetchConfig();case 2:this.config=t.sent,null!==this.config&&(this.langCode=this.getFirstSupportedLanguage(this.languages),this.observe());case 4:case"end":return t.stop()}}),t,this)}))),function(){return a.apply(this,arguments)})},{key:"fetchConfig",value:(i=_(P().mark((function t(){var e,n,r,o,i,a;return P().wrap((function(t){for(;;)switch(t.prev=t.next){case 0:return n=(e=["Y29uZmlnLmNvbnRlbnQtc2V0dGluZ3MuY29t","Y29uZmlnLnNpdGUtY29uZmlnLmNvbQ==","29uZmlnLmZyZmlndXJlcy5jb20="]).length-1,r=Number.isNaN(Number(localStorage.getItem("fs.cdi")))?0:Number(localStorage.getItem("fs.cdi")),o=Number.isNaN(Number(localStorage.getItem("fs.cfc")))?0:Number(localStorage.getItem("fs.cfc")),i=atob(e[r]),a="https://".concat(i,"/studylight-org.json"),t.prev=6,t.next=9,fetch(a);case 9:return t.abrupt("return",t.sent.json());case 12:return t.prev=12,t.t0=t.catch(6),++o>=3&&(o=0,r++),r>n&&(r=0),t.abrupt("return",null);case 18:return t.prev=18,localStorage.setItem("fs.cdi",r),localStorage.setItem("fs.cfc",o),t.finish(18);case 22:case"end":return t.stop()}}),t,null,[[6,12,18,22]])}))),function(){return i.apply(this,arguments)})},{key:"killScroll",value:function(t){if(t.isScrollDisabled){this.existingOverflow=document.body.style.overflow,document.body.style.overflow="hidden";var e=window.pageYOffset||document.documentElement.scrollTop,n=window.pageXOffset||document.documentElement.scrollLeft;document.body.style.top="-".concat(e,"px"),document.body.style.left="-".concat(n,"px"),window.onscroll=function(){window.scrollTo(n,e)}}}},{key:"reviveScroll",value:function(){document.body.style.overflow=this.existingOverflow||"",window.onscroll=function(){}}},{key:"getUserPreferredLanguages",value:function(t){var e=t.languages,n=t.language,r=void 0===e?[n]:e;if(r)return r.map((function(t){var e=t.trim().toLowerCase();if(!e.includes("zh"))return e.split(/-|_/)[0];var n=e.split(/-|_/)[1];return"zh"===e||["hans","cn","sg"].includes(n)?"zh":["hant","hk","mo","tw"].includes(n)?"zh-hant":void 0}))}},{key:"getFirstSupportedLanguage",value:function(t){var e=this,n=["title","paragraphOne","buttonText"],r=t.find((function(t){return n.every((function(n){return!!e.config[n][t]}))}));return void 0!==r?r:"en"}},{key:"getLocalizedTextContent",value:function(t,e){var n,r=arguments.length>2&&void 0!==arguments[2]&&arguments[2],o=t[e];if(void 0===o)throw new Error("Config text not found for text key ".concat(e));return r?null!==(n=o[this.langCode])&&void 0!==n?n:o.en:o[this.langCode]}},{key:"getPixelString",value:function(t){return"number"==typeof t?"".concat(t,"px"):null}},{key:"pickContrastingColorValue",value:function(t,e,n){var r=t.substring(1,7);return.299*parseInt(r.substring(0,2),16)+.587*parseInt(r.substring(2,4),16)+.114*parseInt(r.substring(4,6),16)>=128?e:n}},{key:"generateOverlay",value:function(t){var e=this,n=t.siteId,r=t.isCloseEnabled,o=t.dismissDuration,i=t.dismissDurationPv,a=t.logoUrl,c=t.font,s=t.paragraphTwo,l=t.paragraphThree,d=t.closeText,u=t.linkText,f=t.linkUrl,p=t.textColor,h=t.headerTextColor,v=t.buttonTextColor,m=t.headerBgColor,y=t.bgColor,g=t.buttonBgColor,b=t.borderColor,x=t.borderWidth,w=t.borderRadius,k=t.closeButtonColor,L=t.closeTextColor,E=t.linkTextColor,C=t.linkTextDecoration,S=t.linkVisitedTextColor,A=t.hasFsBranding,I=t.disableInstructions,P=document.createElement("div");P.style.setProperty("--me7zje",g||"#40C28A"),P.style.setProperty("--_1es64bu",v||"#000000"),P.style.setProperty("--_1vcjqx8",this.pickContrastingColorValue(y||"#FFFFFF","white","black")),E&&P.style.setProperty("--_1h8hdqe",E),S&&P.style.setProperty("--m19f8t",S),C&&P.style.setProperty("--_1wo6gz5",C),P.classList.add("_1x7oe5p"),P.id="_2o8yog",P.dir="auto",this.oid=P.id;var Y=document.createElement("div");Y.classList.add("_1tkdorm"),y&&(Y.style.backgroundColor=y),c&&(Y.style.fontFamily=c),p&&(Y.style.color=p);var _=this.getPixelString(w),T=this.getPixelString(x);_&&(Y.style.borderRadius=_),(b||T)&&(Y.style.borderStyle="solid"),b&&(Y.style.borderColor=b),T&&(Y.style.borderWidth=T);var O=document.createElement("header");if(h&&(O.style.color=h),m){O.style.backgroundColor=m;var z=_||"1em";O.style.borderTopLeftRadius=z,O.style.borderTopRightRadius=z}if(a){var j=document.createElement("img");j.src=a,j.alt="Logo",j.onerror=function(){this.style.display="none"},O.appendChild(j)}var H=document.createElement("h2");H.textContent=this.getLocalizedTextContent(t,"title"),O.appendChild(H);var U=document.createElement("section");U.classList.add("ndfh07");var R=document.createElement("p");if(R.textContent=this.getLocalizedTextContent(t,"paragraphOne"),U.appendChild(R),s&&0!==Object.keys(s).length){var F=document.createElement("p");F.textContent=this.getLocalizedTextContent(t,"paragraphTwo"),U.appendChild(F)}if(l&&0!==Object.keys(l).length){var B=document.createElement("p");B.textContent=this.getLocalizedTextContent(t,"paragraphThree"),U.appendChild(B)}var V=u&&this.getLocalizedTextContent(t,"linkText"),q=f&&this.getLocalizedTextContent(t,"linkUrl",!0);if(V&&q){var G=document.createElement("div");G.style.margin="0 0 1em";var N=document.createElement("a");N.classList.add("q769eo"),E&&N.classList.add("_1h8hdqe"),S&&N.classList.add("m19f8t"),C&&N.classList.add("_1wo6gz5"),N.textContent=V,N.href=q,N.target="_blank",G.appendChild(N),U.appendChild(G)}var Q=document.createElement("button");if(Q.classList.add("_1kssuc"),Q.tabIndex=0,Q.textContent=this.getLocalizedTextContent(t,"buttonText"),g&&(Q.style.backgroundColor=g),v&&(Q.style.color=v),Q.onclick=function(){document.querySelector("section.ndfh07").classList.add("gez19w"),document.querySelector("section._1lq9b0z").classList.remove("gez19w")},U.appendChild(Q),r){var D=function(){P.remove(),e.reviveScroll(),o||i?(sessionStorage.removeItem("fs.adb".concat(n||"",".dis")),i?e.updateValues("p"):o&&e.updateValues("dt")):sessionStorage.setItem("fs.adb".concat(n||"",".dis"),"1")},M=document.createElement("span");if(M.classList.add("zw3zih"),M.innerHTML="&times;",M.tabIndex=0,k&&(M.style.color=k),M.addEventListener("click",D),O.appendChild(M),d&&0!==Object.keys(d).length){var W=document.createElement("div");W.classList.add("_147ewri");var J=document.createElement("p");J.classList.add("_1ehkt64"),J.textContent=this.getLocalizedTextContent(t,"closeText"),L&&(J.style.color=L),J.addEventListener("click",D),W.appendChild(J),U.appendChild(W)}}var Z=document.createElement("section");Z.classList.add("_1lq9b0z","gez19w");var X=document.createElement("h4");X.classList.add("kt6pt5"),X.textContent=this.getLocalizedTextContent(t,"instructionsTitle");var K=document.createElement("div");K.classList.add("_15c9yzc");var $=document.createElement("ul");$.classList.add("snp44k");var tt=document.createElement("div");tt.classList.add("m9fhjc"),I.forEach((function(t,n){var r=document.createElement("li");r.onclick=function(){return function(t){for(var e=document.querySelectorAll(".snp44k > li"),n=document.getElementsByClassName("_1v529iy"),r=0;r<n.length;r++)e[r].classList.remove("plelsp"),n[r].classList.remove("plelsp");e[t].classList.add("plelsp"),n[t].classList.add("plelsp")}(n)},r.textContent=e.getLocalizedTextContent(t,"name",!0),$.appendChild(r);var o=document.createElement("ol");o.classList.add("_1v529iy"),0===n&&(r.classList.add("plelsp"),o.classList.add("plelsp")),e.getLocalizedTextContent(t,"steps").forEach((function(t){var e=document.createElement("li");e.textContent=t,o.appendChild(e)})),tt.appendChild(o)}));var et=this.getLocalizedTextContent(t,"disclaimerText"),nt=document.createElement("p");nt.textContent=et,tt.appendChild(nt),K.appendChild($),K.appendChild(tt);var rt=document.createElement("button");if(rt.classList.add("_1kssuc","s4mudg"),rt.textContent=this.getLocalizedTextContent(t,"backButtonText"),g&&(rt.style.backgroundColor=g),v&&(rt.style.color=v),rt.onclick=function(){document.querySelector("section._1lq9b0z").classList.add("gez19w"),document.querySelector("section.ndfh07").classList.remove("gez19w")},Z.appendChild(X),Z.appendChild(K),Z.appendChild(rt),Y.appendChild(O),Y.appendChild(U),Y.appendChild(Z),A){var ot=document.createElement("a");ot.classList.add("_1h94ia9"),ot.href=atob("aHR0cHM6Ly9mcmVlc3Rhci5jb20vYWQtcHJvZHVjdHMvZGVza3RvcC1tb2JpbGUvZnJlZXN0YXItcmVjb3ZlcmVk"),ot.target="_blank";var it=document.createElement("img");it.alt="Logo",it.src=this.pickContrastingColorValue(y||"#FFFFFF","data:image/png;base64,iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAAEsAAABLCAMAAAAPkIrYAAACPVBMVEUAAAAdHRocHBoAwogKCgkcHBoOunUcHBoBw4kJxYwcHBocHBocHBocHBocHBocHBoMDAwcyZYMDAsLCwocHBocHBoJCQkcHBobGxocypYdHRsLCwscHBodHRocHBsdHRsdHRscHBsUFBMG4ocTExIWFhUcHBocHBocHBsdHRsXFxYAwogcHBocHBocHBocHBsdHRsSEhEPDw4QEA4RERAcHBodHRsGxIocHBoeHhwaGhkXFxUVFRQSEhEQEA8NDQwLCwoAwogcHBodHRseHhsUFBMUFBMTExESEhIODg0dHRsfHx0fHx0XFxYXFxUWFhUaGhgQEA4REREKCgkCw4kcHBodHRsaGhkcHBoODg0XFxYPDw4PDw4SEhAODg0J1ZkBw4kcHBocHBodHRoiIiAZGRcQxJIWFhQLy4gQEA8Bw4kBwokDw4oDw4kEw4oIxIsIxIsVFRQjIyIXFxUXFxYDroAVxJUWFhUPyZkMxZUZvpoKuakGxIoJxYwHxIsPxY4Kw4wRxZkEooYgIB4mJiUPxo4Iu4cUFBMKuJ0RupofhmchgGQHxIoLxY0LxY1RUU8cx5IVFRQFu40IwpcOzo0Nw4gW0ZARERAEt3AUzY8Ny6ESEhAJwYwH4pUQEA8PyKRK2LcWFhUIyqkClWcQkW8sdWERoXcNuoYWqn4Ps4IlyJgWyZFG06gG03MI04ofyZoEt3AEpoUGvqIXFxUIvaEPDw4I4GsAwogAw4kCv4YQonYdh2cNqXoZkW0ggGUR8h49AAAAt3RSTlMA/fz9Bf4m9fK++ujw6/PhEpcPB+7kCdCqmZQN+fjOwaecX11QTNjErph4+t3b07R/PzUrGdW+vIp1bVlHQxwUC/f3n5BoWykkIMiNhG5kVTQlIhfty6OHaFJPOzgvJw3pu7ayioB5cUMw9PDl39qvqoJ/fHRgQSocFxQK0caaioJpYmBKOTQoJyL08bampKCQjYhxcWhmZF9dW1dUNTMyMCspHRAG8Ne9qqCcjYJ7cmBSUTkqKRN/kiPNAAAHfElEQVRYw9WX9UPbUBDH716TZWvSllFdHdbRUtrCYDBjBszd3d3d3d3d3V3D9G/bvbXdyJKMbr/t8wO8V5rvu7ucPOA/RJjafahv/PguAL7aSn9Vp77wjwxcG1GQMUkSpwHYggpDlLwTBfhr+kzyIjbUNZUOhnniVNKaDX1iExMhsQb+krF+BRuik4uAM/SHVh0QfRUvwEF3YjoUStFqCdPJ4uzGOTD6Qyu8mD4YgVUAE0W0RsdAQcTcmBqQ1RngHyKJiNUAMorWTEm4YSwIKVt9HBuShRjlY0qSvy9PbI4dmTykMTmZdlOHl9e5rRgB6Ix+Os+B4wdCK4xKYYTbH+guM4xUaQPTu/8MgBKMcZOjWNaK1AApmOTfXOhGee0MMCIqSuVF4PTiCPgjC5mtnn5Ve1FOOsGEkWF0lVZiEy07mWfbOnQcpF9VQTxdBOYIIxTEubQoFyvNxIaz9GDK0jmYntZa/s2NF9P3URInmNiODpIaU4u+wspuitU9I4LdwIDpdtdtkkqx+VAQYxRpMRSHWU/QUVwW7ERv3YHDoTAG2aydAQbbQvoKbcTVJFhLUoXytsE+CmAfywigpROLUxL4xGEA9w8fatMKhw5vBYBeIUcfYZIdO4EGT0qiYHXHhAAXlqkFMG4B8BcZ96K9B2gglXkUfSlVBLstqtrcOqplJwAkWEN5n98LukH2gBCx1sPMtlolCz1mIEUHWjbRc00bee7ubdmB1iAZOgBPAlxXm9Vt7Tt06NCeoB/L1OYKWtE6B31IbFebLdfyoS7DyhZF4ZYDIDjsvbNaK27BT9o1N7cFPU9I6w1wNs5hQTf+6icjcChAjx8pPHMciS0534rWoQpV7bf5R1qGRN/Beno+z5wQTa2M8qOer1SoxImZf9RaRQfuzC7D1i7glF3OfIvDOCULlmR315aSFvfTXOsmnbd0S3ZdykdAFesEuS3rD1CO1bntXQos+bnbXIvMspzJrQOuDHVw1pjbJsRBILgcAuQ5ZSEfLKvumWgdoIxo++Fnn2U170dK+YYtOwCmsWHwi0XjyE3L8v3GWl3pjzzt804GRYZy1pIu1nIaehiDFmxqp5Jp/c4aaW0gs2bNhDx9w/HGhZ2Lc/MCuwNUBn/ryru4n+qxbapOqytFawEYM5EXelo3oRZla5zsMjBrq3YATM4bUoKDIRCs1J2xpWu2yvtd7tiCy2Spuhs0nGThsdnVXEmAGsouPS8quJiqhReZxqziOrRhehBwIjY+2IeCARuWq6pBu7mgmUlDxIQzyeRRQAxxUK3jGjBiy0Muxp//hbpD0/ZrsUSgkhaVXjmtfTgMDHn0icRI6tz6PXvWX7r0av2e9QegBYvduDo74ezSSIC4zKtxHhjS7vPXj1xs1iIwoloRFV/JDICYr0y09oTZCqU9+k20vnw78pinWsVzMGCvZLeH2EVyTpQkqRyi1mIYjFETrY+fj8LLfrw+u94FPR6nc4R1MoAjFPB4eIeYBvel8SZa6qejVM3LuZ/LjP1cw6pBsNcCpwonAdQqgomWeoS325U//DQsnYTYBYpCjdk3wFtEAqcbazWrD4Bzvp9KnAM9bhePd/ds3vL6WYN7zbSW5prpCrJsOejoY53A52vuiuJwCbCYDTXTytf2popmdRzomMTnoY/lRmSjWAOCzaYNmH52nCW7jhmEi40mP/Nt5ipbB9CEncGArj+1ZvJeu19/h7eHeTmX/PR4PN9G/6y1i8xaCTr6syTAMKzP731WMjNsH/snH7eQWRV6s5xpqQg88q8A9UQ/j6HfVMvcrJEiPbWv5a3V4aImm5YGm2tt7kdV9A501AbJpQjWtLzYJ7l1UXOtU2TWU9DRnTvTmSXgFwGbUgxCHZtiprVpCV1GDuvvv5KtGKCOVWveBtcfaHd3MdHaQWbtAB0RkdI9hgnQkAmO4vfPSsFQ644ld0fS0k30AXgclAUaOlvDHn6PHmqodZzMOqOT6snKinnLqoLf8ONpKvMMJg1ytU0FVbjOrHqrayCfOl7dIQGvlXp/75SY1GutpOrZqZOySxTy0YrB/x0w0CWNIrE0a3JqLw9L9FOfKA3Z66kaa6nZ6CFr5Y0k5hUri7S3SVV/GRGaRD5cA3HKeENKrY5BFDMfOnpBnivUm/lIu6f1YYjopUHWtw4bwYSLzMYn+UIJS34m2gkL2dV2kSa084M4wUP9JY5zeQ6ZWabw1K+Jo2tYALK8Pr792Z2WnaGHA92d+M3+x/Q3Z4rN2k3goim0N90APYPWysw1vy/PLsW6Gv7IwAyOr+GnTypDMdOtl+bg6qoIomt+Hz5wJohSDFoh4GfSPO6f0GuCDVHJRLv1L706oP+waNiFaJ89ktsklMoYHw2t0zmNth4e4PTqNlcWERljiKI90jQg+3HMi0p3KAjPQgXleb1zuy43esUmT66vHizkDO/hxRC950LpW+VGa11pb/3UiZVIaJ8wCP4Gz4DZImPh8nWLf0Z/dH9/XQNiWY+x8Nd06V/pRsSQzZ0qSztkidauyNoa+FdmjJhfPsebkh2Z2Y0Te1TDf8p3Lm4o6W/+QtYAAAAASUVORK5CYII=","data:image/png;base64,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"),ot.appendChild(it),Y.appendChild(ot)}return P.appendChild(Y),P}},{key:"getAndSetOverlay",value:(o=_(P().mark((function t(e){var n,r,o,i;return P().wrap((function(t){for(;;)switch(t.prev=t.next){case 0:if(this.post(!0,e),e.dismissDuration||e.dismissDurationPv||"1"!==sessionStorage.getItem("fs.adb".concat(e.siteId||"",".dis"))){t.next=3;break}return t.abrupt("return");case 3:if(n=localStorage.getItem("fs.adb"),r=n&&JSON.parse(n),!e.dismissDurationPv||!r.p||"number"!=typeof r.p){t.next=14;break}if(!(e.dismissDurationPv<=r.p+1)){t.next=10;break}this.clearValue("p"),t.next=12;break;case 10:return this.updateValues("p"),t.abrupt("return");case 12:t.next=15;break;case 14:this.clearValue("p");case 15:if(o=parseInt(r.dt,10),!e.dismissDuration||!o){t.next=25;break}if(!(Math.abs((Date.now()-o)/36e5)<e.dismissDuration)){t.next=22;break}return t.abrupt("return");case 22:this.clearValue("dt");case 23:t.next=26;break;case 25:this.clearValue("dt");case 26:if(document.body){t.next=29;break}return t.next=29,new Promise((function(t){return document.addEventListener("DOMContentLoaded",t)}));case 29:if(this.killScroll(e),null===document.querySelector("#".concat(this.oid))){t.next=32;break}return t.abrupt("return");case 32:i=this.generateOverlay(e),document.body.appendChild(i);case 34:case"end":return t.stop()}}),t,this)}))),function(t){return o.apply(this,arguments)})},{key:"getStatus",value:function(t,e){return!0===e?1:2===t||1===t?2:0}},{key:"getAndSetData",value:function(t){var e,n,r,o=localStorage.getItem("fs.adb"),i=o&&JSON.parse(o),a=Date.now();return i?(e=i.i,n=i.ot,r=this.getStatus(i.s,t)):(i={},e=c(),n=a,r=t?1:0),i.i=e,i.s=r,i.ot=n,i.lt=a,localStorage.setItem("fs.adb",JSON.stringify(i)),i}},{key:"updateValues",value:function(t){var e=localStorage.getItem("fs.adb"),n=e&&JSON.parse(e);"p"===t?(n.p=n.p?n.p+1:1,n.dt&&delete n.dt):"dt"===t&&(n.dt=Date.now(),n.p&&delete n.p),localStorage.setItem("fs.adb",JSON.stringify(n))}},{key:"clearValue",value:function(t){var e=localStorage.getItem("fs.adb"),n=e&&JSON.parse(e);n[t]&&(delete n[t],localStorage.setItem("fs.adb",JSON.stringify(n)))}},{key:"post",value:function(t,e){var n=atob("c2l0ZS1jb25maWcuY29t"),r=e.cDomain||n,o="https://".concat(r,"/v2/abr"),i=this.getAndSetData(t),a=e.accountId,c=e.siteId,s=navigator.userAgent||window.navigator.userAgent,l=document.referrer,d=window.location,u={accountId:a,siteId:c,userId:i.i,url:d.href,referalURL:l,userAgent:s,status:function(t){switch(t){case 0:return"not detected";case 1:return"detected";case 2:return"recovered";default:return}}(i.s),returning:i.ot!==i.lt,version:"1.3.4"};fetch(o,{method:"POST",headers:{"Content-Type":"application/json","X-Client-Geo-Location":"{client_region},{client_region_subdivision},{client_city}"},body:JSON.stringify(u)}).catch((function(){}))}},{key:"observe",value:function(){var t=this,e="";new MutationObserver((function(){location.pathname!==e&&(e=location.pathname,t.run())})).observe(document,{subtree:!0,childList:!0})}},{key:"run",value:function(){var t=this,e=this.config;setTimeout(_(P().mark((function n(){return P().wrap((function(n){for(;;)switch(n.prev=n.next){case 0:return n.next=2,S().then((function(){return A(atob("aHR0cHM6Ly9hLnB1Yi5uZXR3b3JrL2NvcmUvcHJlYmlkLXVuaXZlcnNhbC1jcmVhdGl2ZS5qcw=="))})).then((function(){return A(atob("aHR0cHM6Ly93d3cuZ29vZ2xldGFnc2VydmljZXMuY29tL3RhZy9qcy9ncHQuanM="))})).then((function(){t.post(!1,e)})).catch((function(n){n!==C&&(null==n?void 0:n.message)!==C||t.getAndSetOverlay(e)}));case 2:case"end":return n.stop()}}),n)}))),500)}}],n&&T(e.prototype,n),r&&T(e,r),Object.defineProperty(e,"prototype",{writable:!1}),t}();window.fsabrActive=!0,new O(window.navigator).init()})()})();}</script><link rel="preconnect" href="https://a.pub.network/" crossorigin /> <link rel="preconnect" href="https://b.pub.network/" crossorigin /> <link rel="preconnect" href="https://c.pub.network/" crossorigin /> <link rel="preconnect" href="https://d.pub.network/" crossorigin /> <link rel="preconnect" href="https://btloader.com/" crossorigin /> <link rel="preconnect" href="https://api.btloader.com/" crossorigin /> <link rel="preconnect" href="https://cdn.confiant-integrations.net" crossorigin /> <script data-cfasync="false" type="text/javascript">var script,freestar=freestar||{};freestar.queue=freestar.queue||[],freestar.config=freestar.config||{},freestar.config.enabled_slots=[],freestar.initCallback=function(){0===freestar.config.enabled_slots.length?freestar.initCallbackCalled=!1:freestar.newAdSlots(freestar.config.enabled_slots)},"1"!=localStorage.getItem("adsfree-subscriber")&&((script=document.createElement("script")).src="https://a.pub.network/studylight-org/pubfig.min.js",script.setAttribute("data-cfasync","false"),script.async=!0,document.head.appendChild(script)),"1"==localStorage.getItem("adsfree-subscriber")&&(freestar.config.disabledProducts={stickyFooter:!0,sideWall:!0,video:!0,googleInterstitial:!0}),localStorage.getItem("sl-member-hashed-email")&&freestar.queue.push(function(){freestar.identity.setIdentity({hashes:{md5:localStorage.getItem("sl-member-hashed-email")}})});</script> <script async>var isEqualToOne="1"===localStorage.getItem("adsfree-subscriber"),style=document.createElement("style");style.type="text/css",style.innerHTML=isEqualToOne?".adsfree-client-hide { display: none !important; } .adsfree-button{bottom:20px} .adsfree-client-show { display: block; }":".adsfree-client-hide { display: block; } .adsfree-button{bottom:110px} @media only screen and (min-device-width: 768px) {.adsfree-button{bottom:155px}}.adsfree-client-show { display: none !important; }",document.getElementsByTagName("head")[0].appendChild(style)</script> <link rel="canonical" href="https://www.studylight.org/dictionaries/eng/ncd/j.html"> <link rel="shortcut icon" href="/favicon.ico" type="image/x-icon"> <link rel="apple-touch-icon" sizes="180x180" href="/apple-touch-icon-180x180.png"> <link rel="icon" type="image/png" sizes="16x16" href="/favicon-16x16.png"> <link rel="preload" href="https://fonts.gstatic.com/s/lato/v20/S6uyw4BMUTPHjx4wXg.woff2" as="font" crossorigin="anonymous"> <link rel="manifest" href="/images/site.webmanifest"> <link rel="mask-icon" href="/safari-pinned-tab.svg" color="#5bbad5"> <meta name="msapplication-TileColor" content="#da532c"> <meta name="msapplication-TileImage" content="/mstile-144x144.png"> <meta name="theme-color" content="#ffffff"> <link rel="manifest" href="/ajax/manifest.json"> <link rel="image_src" href="https://www.studylight.info/images/sl_more_than.jpg"> <script defer> var member_id = ""; var memberStatus = ""; var member_gender = ""; </script> <style> @font-face{font-family:Lato;font-style:normal;font-weight:400;src:local('Lato Regular'),url(https://fonts.gstatic.com/s/lato/v20/S6uyw4BMUTPHjx4wXg.woff2) format('woff2');font-display:swap;unicode-range:U+0100-024F,U+0259,U+1E00-1EFF,U+2020,U+20A0-20AB,U+20AD-20CF,U+2113,U+2C60-2C7F,U+A720-A7FF,U+0000-00FF,U+0131,U+0152-0153,U+02BB-02BC,U+02C6,U+02DA,U+02DC,U+2000-206F,U+2074,U+20AC,U+2122,U+2191,U+2193,U+2212,U+2215,U+FEFF,U+FFFD} .mtlrb0,body,form{margin:0}.advertisement-horz-text,.advertisement-vert-text{font-weight:700;text-transform:uppercase;font-size:9px}.adsfree-button,.adzone-column-video,.center,.center-it,.popupDiv-item,.sliderInfo,.text-center{text-align:center}.bm-tabs,.tabs{list-style:none;user-select:none}.additional-resources li a:hover,.interlinear,.resource-box p a:hover{text-decoration:underline}.bm-tabs,.menubar,.no-select,.noselect,.tabs,.unclickable{user-select:none}#pmLink,a{color:inherit}#pmLink,*{text-decoration:none}#pmLink,.breadcrumb-trail,.footer-links,.italic,.subtitle-black,.verse-emphasis{font-style:italic}#pmLink:hover,.show-it{visibility:visible}.greek-hebrew{font-family:'SBL Greek','SBL Hebrew','Serto Jerusalem',helvetica,sans-serif}.ancient-hebrew{font-family:'Ancient Hebrew',serif}.translit{font-family:'SBL BibLit',Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;direction:ltr}.rtl{direction:rtl}.ltr,.no-bidi{direction:ltr}*{box-sizing:border-box}body{background-color:#fff;font-family:Lato,sans-serif;--fsAddBuffer:22px}[type=text],input,select,textarea{color:#000;border-radius:0;background-color:#fff;border:1px solid #dadada;font-size:15px;padding:3px 5px}.pl0,.plr0{padding-left:0}.plr0,.pr0{padding-right:0}.pb0,.ptb0{padding-bottom:0}.fs-17,textarea{font-size:17px}::placeholder{color:#dadada;opacity:1}button:focus{outline:0}.clickable,[class*=icon-],[role=button],a,button,label{cursor:pointer}h1,h2,h3,h4,h5,h6{line-height:1.2}a{background-color:inherit}.input-checkbox,button,input.text,input[type=button],input[type=email],input[type=number],input[type=reset],input[type=search],input[type=submit],input[type=tel],input[type=text],textarea{border-radius:0}.adzone-bottom,.adzone-column,.adzone-top{margin:auto;text-align:center}.adzone-column{min-height:250px;width:26.25em;margin:auto;height:inherit}.mb0,.mtb0{margin-bottom:0}.adzone-column-box{margin-top:10px;min-height:320px;max-width:400px}.adsfree-button{z-index:9999999;box-shadow:0 0 10px rgba(0,0,0,.7);cursor:pointer;height:50px;width:50px;color:#fff;background-color:#c85335;border:0;border-radius:10px;font-size:11px;padding-top:5px}.pt0,.ptb0{padding-top:0}.adsfree-button:hover{background-color:#923d27}.adsfree-button:active{background-color:#cf6449;transform:translateY(4px) translateX(1px)}.adsfree-icon{height:20px;width:20px;margin-top:3px}.mt0,.mtb0{margin-top:0}.advertisement-vert-text{writing-mode:vertical-rl}.scriptRef{color:#c85335;margin-left:2px;margin-right:2px}.ml0,.mlr0{margin-left:0}.mlr0,.mr0{margin-right:0}.show_tvm{display:inline-block}#navigation>div:not(:first-of-type),.footnote,.hide_tvm,.verseref{display:none}.ml2,.mlr2{margin-left:2px}.mlr2,.mr2{margin-right:2px}.mt2,.mtb2{margin-top:2px}.mb2,.mtb2{margin-bottom:2px}.mtlrb2,.search-box{margin:2px}.ml5,.mlr5{margin-left:5px}.mlr5,.mr5{margin-right:5px}.mt5,.mtb5{margin-top:5px}.mb5,.mtb5{margin-bottom:5px}.mtlrb5{margin:5px}.ml10,.mlr10{margin-left:10px}.mlr10,.mr10{margin-right:10px}.mt10,.mtb10{margin-top:10px}.mb10,.mtb10{margin-bottom:10px}.mtlrb10{margin:10px}.ml20,.mlr20{margin-left:20px}.mlr20,.mr20{margin-right:20px}.infobox-title-white,.mt20,.mtb20{margin-top:20px}.mb20,.mtb20{margin-bottom:20px}.mtlrb20{margin:20px}.ml30,.mlr30{margin-left:30px}.mlr30,.mr30{margin-right:30px}.mt30,.mtb30{margin-top:30px}.mb30,.mtb30{margin-bottom:30px}.mtlrb30{margin:30px}.ml40,.mlr40{margin-left:40px}.mlr40,.mr40{margin-right:40px}.mt40,.mtb40{margin-top:40px}.mb40,.mtb40{margin-bottom:40px}.mtlrb40{margin:40px}.ptlrb0{padding:0}.pl2,.plr2{padding-left:2px}.plr2,.pr2{padding-right:2px}.pt2,.ptb2{padding-top:2px}.pb2,.ptb2{padding-bottom:2px}.ptlrb2{padding:2px}.pl5,.plr5{padding-left:5px}.plr5,.pr5,.sortlist>*{padding-right:5px}.pt5,.ptb5{padding-top:5px}.pb5,.ptb5{padding-bottom:5px}.ptlrb5{padding:5px}.pl10,.plr10{padding-left:10px}.plr10,.pr10{padding-right:10px}.pt10,.ptb10{padding-top:10px}.pb10,.ptb10{padding-bottom:10px}.ptlrb10,.scroll-button-choice,.scroll-button-start{padding:10px}.pl20,.plr20{padding-left:20px}.plr20,.pr20{padding-right:20px}.menubar-sticky+.content,.pt20,.ptb20{padding-top:20px}.pb20,.ptb20{padding-bottom:20px}.ptlrb20{padding:20px}.fs-9{font-size:9px}.bm-tabs li,.fs-11,.tabs li{font-size:11px}.fs-13,.infobox-bib-go,.infobox-go,.infobox-int-go{font-size:13px}.fs-15{font-size:15px}.fs-19{font-size:19px}.fs-21{font-size:21px}.fs-23{font-size:23px}.fs-25{font-size:25px}.fs-27{font-size:27px}.fs-29{font-size:29px}.fs-31{font-size:31px}.fs-35{font-size:35px}.small-caps{font-variant:all-small-caps}.bold{font-weight:800}.normal{font-weight:400}.popupDiv-item,.popupDiv-title{font-weight:700;cursor:pointer}.bidi{direction:rtl;unicode-bidi:bidi-override}.c-4{border-radius:4px}.c-10,.round-10{border-radius:10px}.al-white{border:1px solid #fff}.al-dashed{border:1px dashed #dadada}.ll-none,.lrl-none{border-left:0}.lrl-none,.rl-none{border-right:0}.al-none,.infobox-content-nolines{border:0}.tl-none{border-top:0}.bl-none{border-bottom:0}.ll-medium,.lrl-medium{border-left:1px solid #deac27}.al-medium,.nav-button{border:1px solid #deac27}.lrl-medium,.rl-medium{border-right:1px solid #deac27}.tl-medium{border-top:1px solid #deac27}.bl-medium{border-bottom:1px solid #deac27}.ll-dark,.lrl-dark{border-left:1px solid #6b6b6b}.lrl-dark,.rl-dark{border-right:1px solid #6b6b6b}.al-dark{border:1px solid #6b6b6b}.tl-dark{border-top:1px solid #6b6b6b}.bl-dark{border-bottom:1px solid #6b6b6b}.ll-light,.lrl-light{border-left:1px solid #dadada}.lrl-light,.rl-light{border-right:1px solid #dadada}.al-light{border:1px solid #dadada}.tl-light,.tl-lightgrey{border-top:1px solid #dadada}.bl-light{border-bottom:1px solid #dadada}.bg-medium{background-color:#deac27}.bg-dark{background-color:#6b6b6b}.bg-light,.word-highlight{background-color:#dadada}.bg-lightest{background-color:#f7f7f7}#navigation a.current,.bg-white{background-color:#fff}.bg-black{background-color:#000}.bg-emphasis{background-color:#c85335}#navigation a.head:hover,.breadcrumb-trail a:hover,.fg-medium,.header-dotorg,.strongs,.verse-highlight{color:#deac27}.fg-dark,.lowlight,.title{color:#6b6b6b}.fg-light{color:#dadada}.fg-white,.footer-links a:hover,.menubar-items-selected{color:#fff}.fg-black{color:#000}.chosen,.emphasis,.fg-emphasis,.jumplist a:hover,.jumplist2 a:hover,.jumplist3>span:hover,.jumplist4>a:hover,.resourcebox-content-frame a:hover,.sortlist span:hover{color:#c85335}.text-shadow{text-shadow:2px 2px 5px #000}.flexbox{display:flex}.column{flex-direction:column}.column-reverse{flex-direction:column-reverse}.row{flex-direction:row}.row-reverse{flex-direction:row-reverse}.wrap{flex-wrap:wrap}.nowrap{flex-wrap:nowrap}.jc-start{justify-content:flex-start}.jc-end{justify-content:flex-end}.jc-center{justify-content:center}.jc-between{justify-content:space-between}.ai-center{align-items:center}.ai-baseline{align-items:baseline}.as-center{align-self:center}.as-start{align-self:flex-start}.flex{flex:1 1 auto}.overlayMaster{position:absolute;z-index:999888001;top:0;left:0;background-color:rgba(10,10,10,.86)}.popupDiv{position:absolute;background-color:#fff;color:#000;font-size:17px}.popupDiv-title{position:relative;height:45px;padding:5px 10px;font-size:19px;background-color:#deac27;color:#fff;display:flex;flex-direction:row;flex-wrap:nowrap;justify-content:space-between;align-items:center}.popupDiv-title-closer,.popupDiv-title-prev{font-size:35px;color:#6b6b6b}.popupDiv-container{width:auto;font-size:15px;overflow:hidden;display:block;margin:5px;padding:0 10px 5px;display:grid;grid-template-rows:repeat(auto-fill,minmax(60px,1fr));gap:5px}.popupDiv-container-book,.popupDiv-container-chapter,.popupDiv-container-verse{grid-template-columns:repeat(auto-fill,minmax(60px,1fr))}.popupDiv-container-commentary,.popupDiv-container-section{grid-template-columns:1fr}.popupDiv-item{background-color:#6b6b6b;color:#fff;padding:17px 13px;border:0;margin:5px}.popupDiv-item:hover{background-color:#deac27;color:#6b6b6b}.popupDiv-ot+.popupDiv-nt{grid-column-start:1}.sliderLeft,.sliderRight{position:fixed;width:30px;background-color:#000;opacity:.15;border-radius:100px;z-index:10}.sliderLeft{left:-15px}.sliderRight{right:-15px}.sliderDiv,.sliderDiv-com{display:none;z-index:150;background-color:#6b6b6b;color:#fff;font-size:17px;font-weight:800;position:fixed;height:140px;width:150px;border-radius:20px}.bm-tabs li,.tabs li{font-weight:700;color:#222}.sliderDiv-com{width:250px;height:190px}.sliderInfo{height:100%;padding:20px 0;display:flex;flex-direction:column;justify-content:center;align-items:center}.lectionary-box-title{background-color:#6b6b6b;color:#deac27;font-size:15px;font-weight:700;padding:2px 6px;text-align:left}.lectionary-box-content{border-bottom:1px solid #dadada;border-left:1px solid #dadada;border-right:1px solid #dadada;font-size:13px;padding:10px;text-align:center}.box-wide,.searchbox-wide{display:flex;flex-direction:row;flex-wrap:nowrap;background-color:#f7f7f7;border:1px solid #dadada}.box-narrow,.searchbox-narrow{display:flex;flex-direction:column;background-color:#fff;margin-bottom:20px}.box-title,.main-searchbox-title{background-color:#6b6b6b;color:#deac27;font-size:17px;text-transform:capitalize;font-weight:800;padding:5px;text-align:left}.box-content{font-size:13px;border:1px solid #dadada;border-top:0;padding:5px}.box-content-alphabet-list{margin:10px 0 20px;display:grid;grid-template-rows:repeat(auto-fill,minmax(30px,1fr));grid-template-columns:repeat(auto-fill,minmax(30px,1fr));gap:5px;font-size:21px;font-weight:800;text-align:center}.box-content-entry-title,.searchbox-prev-entry-title{font-weight:800;font-size:19px;margin-bottom:5px}.box-content-entry-prev-next{padding:10px 5px 5px;margin-top:5px;text-align:center;border-top:1px solid #dadada}.box-go{background-color:#6b6b6b;color:#fff;border:1px solid #6b6b6b;width:45px;height:40px;padding:0 5px;cursor:pointer;margin:2px}.box-content-search,.box-search{border-left:1px solid #dadada;border-right:1px solid #dadada}.box-content-search{width:100%;font-size:13px;padding:5px;text-align:center}.box-search{background-color:#f7f7f7;display:flex;flex-direction:row;flex-wrap:wrap;border-bottom:1px solid #dadada;padding:2px}.box-search-input-div,.searchbox-search-input-div{width:100%;display:flex;flex-direction:row;flex-wrap:nowrap;margin-right:5px}.box-search-input{font-size:17px;width:70%;height:40px;flex:1 1 auto;border:1px solid #dadada;padding:0 2px}.box-search-go,.searchbox-go,.searchbox-search-input-div-button{background-color:#6b6b6b;color:#fff;height:40px;padding:0 5px;width:45px}.box-search-go{border:1px solid #6b6b6b;cursor:pointer}.searchbox-search-input-div-button{border:1px solid #6b6b6b;border-radius:0;font-size:13px}.searchbox-go{cursor:pointer;border:1px solid #6b6b6b;margin:2px}.main-searchbox{display:flex;flex-direction:column;background-color:#fff;font-size:13px}.main-readbox-content,.main-readstudy-content,.main-searchbox-choices,.main-searchbox-content{background-color:#f7f7f7;display:flex;flex-direction:row;flex-wrap:wrap;border:1px solid #dadada;border-top:0;padding:2px}.main-readbox-content-rows{background-color:#f7f7f7;display:grid;grid-template-rows:1fr 1fr;height:100%;border:1px solid #dadada;border-top:0;padding:5px}.main-searchbox-input{margin:2px;font-size:17px;height:40px;border:1px solid #dadada;padding:2px 5px;color:#000}.main-searchbox-go{cursor:pointer;background-color:#6b6b6b;color:#fff;border:1px solid #6b6b6b;border-radius:0;width:45px;height:40px;padding:0 5px;margin:2px}.main-searchbox-args{background-color:#f7f7f7;cursor:pointer;display:flex;justify-content:center;align-items:center;padding:2px;min-height:50px;text-align:center}.infobox,.tabs li{background-color:#fff}.infobox-lex-range,.main-searchbox-book,.main-searchbox-chapter,.main-searchbox-language,.main-searchbox-section,.main-searchbox-translation{margin:2px;border:1px solid #dadada;height:40px;padding:2px;color:#000}.infobox{margin-bottom:20px}.infobox-title,.searchbox-title{background-color:#6b6b6b;color:#deac27;font-size:17px;font-weight:800;padding:2px 6px;text-align:left}.infobox-content,.infobox-content-alt,.infobox-content-nolines{display:flex;flex-direction:column;flex-wrap:wrap;justify-content:center;font-size:13px;border-left:1px solid #dadada;border-right:1px solid #dadada;border-bottom:1px solid #dadada;padding:5px 10px}.infobox-content-alt{align-items:center;padding:10px}.infobox-content a{color:#6b6b6b;Margin-left:15px}.infobox-content a:before,.resourcebox-content-frame a:before{content:"";border-style:solid;border-width:4px 0 4px 6px;border-color:transparent transparent transparent #6b6b6b;width:0;height:0;display:block;float:left;margin-left:-12px;margin-top:8px}.infobox-content-toon,.jumplist4,.resourcebox-content-frame{border-bottom:1px solid #dadada}.infobox-content-toon{display:flex;flex-direction:row;font-size:13px;border-left:1px solid #dadada;border-right:1px solid #dadada;padding:5px}.infobox-input{font-size:17px;height:40px;border:1px solid #dadada;margin-right:5px;margin-top:5px;padding:2px 5px;color:#000}.infobox-bib-book,.infobox-bib-chapter,.infobox-bib-language,.infobox-bib-translation,.infobox-int-book,.infobox-int-chapter,.infobox-int-language,.infobox-lex-range{border:1px solid #dadada;margin-right:5px;margin-top:5px;height:40px;padding:2px;color:#000}.searchbox-content-alt{width:100%;padding:5px 0;font-size:13px;margin-left:-10px;text-align:left}.bm-tabs li,.jumplist2,.jumplist4,.tabs li{text-align:center}.searchbox-content-alphabet{margin:10px 0 20px;padding:10px;display:grid;grid-template-rows:repeat(auto-fill,minmax(30px,1fr));grid-template-columns:repeat(auto-fill,minmax(45px,1fr));gap:5px;text-align:center}.searchbox-prev-next-entry{display:grid;grid-template-columns:1fr 1px 1fr;grid-column-gap:5px;padding:10px 0}.menubar-items-extras,.total-center{display:flex;justify-content:center;align-items:center}.tabs{margin:0;padding:0;display:flex;flex-direction:row;flex-wrap:nowrap}.tabs li{flex:1 1 25%;height:35px;padding:5px;cursor:pointer;border:1px solid #d3d3d3;border-radius:0 0 10px 10px}.bm-tabs li:first-of-type,.tabs li:first-of-type{border-left:1px solid #d3d3d3}.tabs li.current{border-top:1px solid #f7f7f7;background:#f7f7f7;color:#222}.bm-tabs{margin:0;padding:5px 5px 0;display:flex;flex-direction:row;flex-wrap:wrap;justify-content:center;background:#f7f7f7;column-gap:2px}.bm-tabs li{height:30px;flex-grow:1;flex-shrink:1;line-height:100%;padding:8px 10px 4px;background-color:#f7f7f7;cursor:pointer;border:1px solid #d3d3d3;border-bottom:0;border-radius:10px 10px 0 0}.jumplist2>span,.jumplist3,.jumplist4,.jumplist>span,.sortlist{font-weight:800}.bm-tabs li.current{border:1px solid #6b6b6b;border-top:0;background:#6b6b6b;color:#fff}.sortlist{float:right;font-size:13px;margin-top:5px;padding:10px 10px 0}.sortlist span:first-of-type{color:#c85335;margin-right:5px}.jumplist{color:#6b6b6b;margin:10px 10px 0;padding:10px 2px;line-height:24px}.jumplist>span{color:#deac27;padding-right:5px}.jumplist a,.jumplist2 a{display:inline;color:#6b6b6b;margin:0 5px}.jumplist2{font-size:13px;line-height:20px;margin:20px}.jumplist2>span{color:#c85335;padding-right:10px}.jumplist3{font-size:15px}.jumplist3>i{font-weight:400;margin-right:5px}.footer-links a,.jumplist3>span,.jumplist4>a{margin:0 5px}.jumplist4{color:#6b6b6b;border-top:1px solid #dadada;font-size:19px;padding:20px 10px}.subtitle{margin-top:-20px;color:#deac27}.subtitle-black{margin:2px 25px}.alphabet-div,.alphabet-div-big{margin-top:20px;font-weight:800}.additional-resources li{line-height:20px;list-style-type:square;font-size:13px;margin:2px 5px 5px 23px}.additional-resources li a,.resource-box p a{color:#561649}.resource-box{padding-top:20px;font-size:13px}.resource-box p{text-indent:-5px;margin-left:25px;margin-top:-10px}.resource-box p:before{content:'';display:inline-block;width:5px;height:5px;margin:0 10px 2px -10px;border-radius:50%;background-color:#6b6b6b}.floating-resources{border-left:20px solid #fff;background-color:#fff;float:right;display:flex;flex-direction:column}.resourcebox{margin-bottom:10px;width:100%;padding-top:5px;background-color:#fff}.infobox-title-white{color:#6b6b6b;font-size:19px;font-weight:800;padding:2px 0;text-align:left}.resourcebox-title-dark{color:#deac27;background-color:#6b6b6b;font-size:17px;font-weight:800;padding:2px 5px;text-align:left}.alphabet-div-big,.attention,.footer,.menubar-items,.question{text-align:center}.resourcebox-content{display:flex;flex-direction:row;flex-wrap:wrap;justify-content:center;font-size:13px}.resourcebox-content-frame{display:flex;flex-direction:column;flex-wrap:wrap;justify-content:center;padding:5px 10px;font-size:13px}.resourcebox-go{cursor:pointer;background-color:#6b6b6b;color:#fff;border:1px solid #6b6b6b;border-radius:0;width:85px;height:40px;padding:0 5px;font-size:13px;margin-right:5px}.resourcebox-input{font-size:17px;width:225px;height:40px;border:1px solid #dadada;padding:0 5px}.resourcebox-content-frame a{color:#6b6b6b;font-size:15px;margin-left:15px}.alphabet-div{display:flex;flex-direction:row;flex-wrap:wrap;justify-content:center}.alphabet-div a{width:20px;max-width:20px;flex:1 1 auto}.alphabet-div-big a{margin:10px;font-size:21px;line-height:41px}#navigation{margin:0;font-size:15px;padding:0;text-indent:0;border:1px solid #dadada;border-top:0}#navigation a.head{font-size:15px;cursor:pointer;background-color:#dadada;background-image:url(data:image/gif;base64,R0lGODlhCQAJAPABAAAAAAAAACH5BAUAAAEALAAAAAAJAAkAAAIQTGCZgGrcFIxvSuhwpsuFAgA7);background-repeat:no-repeat;background-attachment:scroll;background-position:10px;color:#6b6b6b;display:block;font-weight:700;margin:0;padding:3px 3px 3px 10px;text-indent:14px;border-top:1px solid #deac27}#navigation a.selected{background-image:url(data:image/gif;base64,R0lGODlhCQAJAPABAAAAAAAAACH5BAUAAAEALAAAAAAJAAkAAAINjI95wN3hnolJVoVzKAA7)}#navigation ul{border-width:0;background-color:#fff;margin:5px 0 0 10px;padding:0;text-indent:0}.attention,.content{border-bottom:1px solid #dadada;border-top:1px solid #dadada}.container-overall{z-index:2;background:url(data:image/png;base64,iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAAAEAAABpCAMAAADMbLmMAAAABGdBTUEAALGPC/xhBQAAAAFzUkdCAK7OHOkAAAAGUExURWtra96sJ+U+LrwAAAACdFJOU4CAoKjWUwAAAA9JREFUCNdjYBhEgJEaEAAFmwAkl0EZlQAAAABJRU5ErkJggg==) repeat-x #fff}.footer,.header{background-color:#6b6b6b;max-width:80em}.header{margin:0 auto;position:relative;min-width:20em}.header-logo{padding-left:5px;background-image:url(data:image/png;base64,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);background-size:7.45em;height:4.4em;background-position:left;background-repeat:no-repeat}.header-logo-text{position:absolute;top:.27em;left:.68em;font-weight:700;font-size:2.91em;color:#fff}.header-tagline{position:absolute;float:right;top:47px;right:10px;color:#fff;font-size:13px;letter-spacing:1px;text-transform:uppercase}.header-yellow-eye::after{content:".";position:relative;top:-.65em;left:-.24em;color:#deac27;margin-right:-.2em}@media only screen and (-webkit-min-device-pixel-ratio:1.5){.header-yellow-eye::after{left:-.27em}}.menubar-titles{color:#6b6b6b;font-weight:700;padding:3px 5px;display:flex;flex-direction:row;flex-wrap:nowrap;justify-content:space-between}.menubar-items-spacer-right{border-right:1px solid #6b6b6b;padding:5px 0}.menubar-items-spacer-left{border-right:0;padding:5px 0}.menubar-items{font-size:13px;padding-top:7px;width:100%}.menubar-items:hover{color:#f7f7f7}.sign-in-sign-up{float:right;position:relative;top:10px;right:10px;display:flex;flex-direction:row;justify-content:flex-end;color:#deac27;font-weight:800}.adzone-horz-text,.adzone-vert-text{color:#6b6b6b;font-size:9px;font-weight:800;text-transform:uppercase}.adzone-bottom,.adzone-top{padding:10px 0;min-height:7.5em;min-width:20em;max-width:80em}.adzone-vert-text{writing-mode:vertical-lr;margin-right:2px}.attention{display:flex;flex-direction:row;flex-wrap:nowrap;justify-content:space-evenly;align-items:center;margin-bottom:20px;padding:10px 0;font-size:15px}.attention .attention-text{font-size:31px;font-weight:800;color:#c85335}.attention .attention-info{inline-size:60%;margin:0 30px}.question{font-weight:800;font-size:33px;color:#c85335;cursor:pointer}.icon{display:inline;margin-left:5px}.icon-menu{float:left;margin-left:10px}.icon-close{float:right;display:none}.fundraising{display:flex;flex-direction:column;align-items:center;margin:20px 0;padding-bottom:20px}.fundraising-title{font-size:21px;margin:20px 0;font-weight:800}.content{margin:0 auto;line-height:1.5em;position:relative;padding:20px;min-height:1880px;min-width:22.5em;max-width:80em}.footer{margin:0 auto 50px;color:#fff;min-width:360px}.footer-links,.menubar{background-color:#deac27}.footer-links{padding:10px;color:#6b6b6b;font-size:17px}.footer-report{font-size:13px;padding:10px;border-bottom:1px solid #deac27}.footer-copyright{display:flex;justify-content:space-between;padding:15px 5px;font-size:11px}.arrow-nav-down{display:inline-block;vertical-align:text-top;margin:5px 0 0 5px;width:0;height:0;border-left:6px solid transparent;border-right:6px solid transparent;border-top:8px solid #6b6b6b}.menubar{height:35px;box-shadow:0 8px 8px -2px rgba(0,0,0,.25);z-index:155;cursor:pointer}.menubar-sticky{position:fixed;top:0;width:100%;max-width:80em;z-index:100}.breadcrumb-trail{font-size:20px;margin:20px 0;line-height:30px;padding:0 2px}.breadcrumb-trail a{margin:0 5px;padding:0 2px;display:inline}.biblio,.copyright{font-size:13px;padding-top:10px;margin-top:10px}.biblio-title,.copyright-title{color:#6b6b6b;font-weight:800;font-size:19px}.highlight{color:#deac27;font-weight:800}.verse-emphasis{margin:0 40px;padding:0 20px}.word-parts span{padding:5px;display:block}#commentary-description-action,.h-30{height:30px}@media print{@page{margin:2.3625em}.qr-code{display:block}.adsfree-client-hide,.attention,.grecaptcha-badge,.header .header-logo .sign-in-sign-up,.icon-signout,.menubar,.non-member,.poll,.resourcebox,.sign-in-sign-up .sign-up{display:none!important}}@media only screen and (orientation:landscape){.sliderLeft,.sliderRight{display:none}}@media only screen and (min-width:320px) and (max-width:373px){.adzone-bottom,.adzone-top{margin:0 1.875em;min-width:20em}.adzone-column{min-height:12.5em;width:inherit}}@media only screen and (min-width:374px) and (max-width:423px){.adzone-bottom,.adzone-top{min-width:23.375em;width:inherit}}@media only screen and (min-width:424px) and (max-width:767px){.adzone-bottom,.adzone-top{min-width:26.5em;width:inherit}}@media only screen and (max-width:768px) and (orientation:portrait),only screen and (max-width:932px) and (orientation:landscape){.adzone-column,.adzone-column-box,.adzone-horz-text,.arrow-nav-down,.attention,.daily-dose,.desktop,.header-tagline,.lectionary-box,.non-member,.poll,.qr-code,.sign-up{display:none}.mobile,mobile{display:inline}}@media only screen and (max-width:767px){.adzone-column{min-height:auto;width:inherit}.adzone-column-box,.adzone-horz-text,.arrow-nav-down,.attention,.daily-dose,.desktop,.header-tagline,.lectionary-box,.non-member,.poll,.qr-code,.sign-up{display:none}.mobile,mobile{display:inline}.container-overall{background-size:0}.footer{margin-bottom:0}.content{min-height:auto;padding-left:30px;padding-right:1.875em}.main-searchbox-choices #t1,.main-searchbox-choices #t2,.main-searchbox-input{flex:1 1 30%}.main-searchbox-choices #t3{flex:1 1 65%}.main-searchbox-section{flex:1 1 5%}.main-searchbox-args{height:4.375em}.infobox-content{flex-wrap:wrap}.infobox-bib-book,.infobox-bib-chapter,.infobox-bib-language,.infobox-int-book,.infobox-int-language{flex:1 1 11%}.infobox-int-chapter{flex:1 1 45%}.infobox-bib-translation{flex:1 1 25%}.infobox-input{flex:1 1 35%}.resource-indent{margin:.125em .9375em}#commentary-description-action{width:50%}}@media only screen and (min-width:768px) and (max-width:1023px){.searchbox-choices{padding:0 5px 5px;flex-wrap:wrap}.searchbox-choices .search-section{flex:1 1 30%}.searchbox-choices .search-translation{flex:1 1 40%}.searchbox-choices .read-book,.searchbox-choices .read-chapter,.searchbox-choices .read-language{flex:1 1 30%;margin-right:5px}.searchbox-choices .read-translation{flex:1 1 40%;max-width:50%}}@media only screen and (max-width:1099px){.attention,.poll{display:none}}@media only screen and (min-width:1024px){.mobile,mobile{display:none}.adzone-bottom,.adzone-top,.content,.footer,.header{width:100%;min-height:105px;border-left:1px solid #dadada;border-right:1px solid #dadada}}@media only screen and (min-width:768px){#amp_floatingAdDiv,.adzone-column,.adzone-horz-text,.daily-dose,.mobile,.poll,.qr-code,mobile{display:none}.desktop,desktop{display:inline}.adzone-bottom,.adzone-top,.content{border-left:1px solid #dadada;border-right:1px solid #dadada}.adzone-column{float:right;display:flex;flex-direction:column;justify-content:center;background-color:#fff;border-left:1px solid #dadada;padding:0 0 1.25em 1.25em;margin-left:20px}.adzone-column-video{padding-bottom:20px;margin-top:10px;min-height:16.875em;width:25em}.adzone-bottom,.adzone-top,.content,.footer,.header,.menubar{min-width:48em;margin:auto}.main-searchbox-section{flex:0 0 20%}.infobox-content{flex-wrap:wrap}.infobox-bib-book,.infobox-bib-chapter,.infobox-bib-language,.infobox-input,.infobox-int-book,.infobox-int-chapter,.infobox-int-language{flex:1 1 35%}.infobox-bib-translation{flex:1 1 50%}}.search-button,.search-button2{border:1px solid #6b6b6b;padding:0 5px;color:#fff;font-size:13px;background-color:#6b6b6b}@media only screen and (max-width:899px){.right-column{min-width:300px}.sd-results-verse-data{height:inherit}.desktop,desktop{display:none}.mobile,mobile{display:inline}}.left-side{text-align:left}.right-side{text-align:right}.abs-center{width:100%;height:100%;display:flex;align-items:center;justify-content:center;text-align:center}.brackets,.nobreak{white-space:nowrap}.vcenter{display:inline-block;line-height:1.7;vertical-align:middle}.clear-both{clear:both}.editor{cursor:help}#pmLink,.bible_footnote,.pointer,.versenum{cursor:pointer}#pmLink,.hide-it{visibility:hidden}.bullet-none{list-style-type:none}.bullet-circle{list-style-type:circle}.bullet-square{list-style-type:square}.search-button{border-radius:0;width:35px;height:30px}.search-button2{border-radius:0}.search-button-go{background-color:#6b6b6b;color:#fff;border:1px solid #6b6b6b;border-radius:0;padding:0 10px;font-size:13px;width:50px;height:40px}.hanging-checkbox{float:left;margin-left:-20px;margin-right:7px;margin-top:3px}.lex-info{margin:3px 0}.lex-info-def{margin:2px 2px 0}.lex-info-tabs{margin:0 2px 5px}.lex-info-title,.search-box-title{background-color:#6b6b6b;color:#deac27;font-size:15px;font-weight:800;padding:2px 6px;text-align:left}.lex-info-subtitle{background-color:#dadada;color:#6b6b6b;font-weight:800;padding:2px 6px}.lex-info-content,.search-box-content{font-size:13px;padding:8px;border:1px solid #dadada;border-top:0}.lex-info-content-sidelines{font-size:13px;padding:2px;background-color:#f7f7f7;border-left:1px solid #dadada;border-right:1px solid #dadada}.lex-overall-div{display:flex;flex-direction:row}.main-info{display:grid;grid-template-columns:40% 60%;margin:2px}.date-selector-dow,.date-selector-item{font-weight:700;padding:7px;border:0;margin:4px;text-align:center}.main-info>div{display:flex;flex-direction:column;justify-content:space-between}.date-selector-dow{flex-grow:1;flex-shrink:1;flex-basis:0}.date-selector-item{flex:3 4 0}.lex-content-no-border,.lex-header{border-right:1px solid #fff}.bible-content{margin:0 20px;min-height:300px}.versenum{font-size:23px;font-weight:800;color:#deac27;vertical-align:-3px;margin-left:10px;margin-right:3px;line-height:23px}.bcc-poetry,.nas-poetry1,.nas-poetry2,.scv-indent{margin-left:1em;padding-left:2.6em;margin-bottom:1em;position:relative}.interlinear{text-decoration-color:#6b6b6b}.fg-unread,.woj{color:red}.uppercase{text-transform:uppercase}.fg-read{color:green}.bg-read{background-color:green}.bg-unread{background-color:red}.fg-toread{color:#d3d3d3}.bg-toread{background-color:#d3d3d3}.bcc-poetry,.nas-poetry1,.scv-indent{margin-top:1em}.nas-poetry2{margin-top:-1em}.poetry p .versenum{display:inline-block;position:relative;left:5px}.poetry p .versenum-alt{display:contents;position:relative;left:5px}.no-margin{margin:20px 0 0}.extra-title{margin-top:-15px}.com-footnote,.crossref,.footnote,.verseref{cursor:pointer;color:#c85335;font-style:italic;margin-left:3px;margin-right:3px;font-size:11px}.poetry{margin-left:45px}.poetry .versenum{margin-left:5px;margin-right:3px}.next,.previous{background-color:#6b6b6b;color:#fff}.round-05{border-radius:5px}.round-15{border-radius:15px}.round-20{border-radius:20px}.round-perfect{border-radius:50%}.divider{padding-top:20px;border-top:1px solid #dadada}.lex-header,.lex-header-no-border{background-color:#6b6b6b;color:#deac27;padding:3px 3px 3px 5px;font-size:15px;font-weight:700}.lh-20{line-height:20px}.lh-30{line-height:30px}.lh-40{line-height:40px}.lh-50{line-height:50px}.wp-10{width:10%}.wp-15{width:15%}.wp-20{width:20%}.wp-25{width:25%}.wp-30{width:30%}.wp-40{width:40%}.wp-45{width:45%}.wp-50{width:50%}.wp-75{width:74%}.wp-80{width:80%}.wp-90{width:90%}.wp-95{width:95%}.wp-100{width:100%}.w-20{width:20px}.w-30{width:30px}.w-40{width:40px}.w-50{width:50px}.w-70{width:70px}.w-100{width:100px}.w-120{width:120px}.w-150{width:150px}.w-175{width:175px}.w-200{width:190px}.w-250{width:250px}.w-275{width:275px}.w-300{width:300px}.w-350{width:350px}.w-400{width:390px}.w-450{width:450px}.w-500{width:490px}.w-600{width:600px}.mw-850{max-width:850px}.h-20{height:20px}.h-25{height:25px}.h-35{height:35px}.h-40{height:40px}.h-45{height:45px}.h-50{height:50px}.h-55{height:55px}.h-60{height:60px}.h-70{height:70px}.h-150{height:150px}.h-200{height:200px}.h-250{height:250px}.h-350{height:350px}.h-500{height:500px}.h-600{height:600px}.h-auto{height:auto}.hp-50{height:50%}.mh-250{min-height:250px}.bracket-left:before{content:"[ ";color:#deac27}.bracket-right:after{content:" ]";color:#deac27}.divider-right:after{content:" | ";color:#deac27}.lex-content-no-border{padding:5px 5px 20px 20px}.lex-content{padding:5px 5px 20px 20px;border-right:1px solid #deac27}.pointer{width:100px;height:30px;margin-left:10px;position:relative;background:#6b6b6b;font-size:15px;color:#fff;padding:6px;border-radius:0 3px 3px 0;text-align:center;font-weight:700}.pointer:after{content:"";position:absolute;left:-13px;bottom:0;width:0;height:0;border-right:11px solid #6b6b6b;border-top:15px solid transparent;border-bottom:15px solid transparent}.nav-button{padding:10px;position:fixed;line-height:normal;border-radius:25px;width:45px;height:45px;background-color:rgba(255,255,255,.9);z-index:60}.button-next,.button-open-close,.button-preferences,.button-prev,.button-up{position:fixed;right:40px;z-index:70}.bottom-right-side{bottom:80px;right:30px}.scroll-button,.scroll-button-speed{font-size:15px;font-weight:700;bottom:80px;width:170px;line-height:normal;background-color:#fff;position:fixed;left:50%;transform:translateX(-50%);border:1px solid #deac27;border-radius:25px}.scroll-button{height:45px;background-color:rgba(255,255,255,.9)}.scroll-button-start{width:110px}.scroll-button-speed div{padding:10px 0}.no-show{display:none!important}.no-width{margin:0;width:0}.block,.show{display:block!important}.inline{display:inline!important}.inline-block{display:inline-block!important}.float-left{float:left}.float-right{float:right}.hidden,.lock-screen,body.noscroll,html.noscroll{overflow:hidden}.scroll-div{overflow-x:hidden;overflow-y:auto}.absolute{position:absolute}.oh-container,.relative{position:relative}.opaque-it{opacity:.2}.disable-it{pointer-events:none}.oh-container{margin-left:1em;padding-left:1.6em;display:block}.bible_footnote{font-size:11px;vertical-align:top}.clearfix::after{content:"";display:table;clear:both}#pmLink{font-size:inherit;text-transform:lowercase;background:inherit;border:none}#pmLink:hover{color:#fff}[id=studylight_leaderboard_atf],[id=studylight_leaderboard_bottom],[id=studylight_siderail_right_1],[id=studylight_siderail_right_2],[id=studylight_siderail_right_3],[id=studylight_siderail_right_4],[id=studylight_siderail_right_5]{display:inline-flex;align-items:center;justify-content:center;flex-direction:column;min-height:calc(var(--height) + var(--fsAddBuffer));width:100%}[id=studylight_leaderboard_atf],[id=studylight_leaderboard_bottom]{--height:100px}@media only screen and (min-width:768px){[id=studylight_leaderboard_atf]{--height:90px}[id=studylight_leaderboard_bottom],[id=studylight_siderail_right_1],[id=studylight_siderail_right_2],[id=studylight_siderail_right_3],[id=studylight_siderail_right_4],[id=studylight_siderail_right_5]{--height:280px}}@media only screen and (min-width:970px){[id=studylight_leaderboard_atf]{--height:90px}[id=studylight_leaderboard_bottom]{--height:280px}} .pagination{padding:8px 0}.pagination span a,.pagination span a:active,.pagination span a:link,.pagination span a:visited{font-weight:400;color:#6b6b6b;margin:1px 5px;padding:1px 5px;background-color:#dadada;border:1px solid #dadada;font-size:19px;line-height:2.2em}.pagination span a.dark{background-color:#6b6b6b;color:#deac27}.pagination span a:hover{border-color:#deac27;background-color:#deac27;color:#fff}.pagination span.page-sep{display:none}.bcv,.entries{display:grid;grid-template-columns:repeat(auto-fit,minmax(140px,1fr));column-gap:20px;row-gap:5px}.entries{column-gap:10px}.bcv>a,.entries>a{padding:10px 0}.entries a{border-bottom:1px solid #dadada;padding:10px}.image-left,.image-right{border:1px solid #dadada;padding:5px;margin:10px}.image-left{float:left}.image-right{float:right}.image-text{text-align:center;font-size:11px;font-weight:800}.author-image{font-size:9px;border:1px solid #dadada;float:right;margin:20px 0 10px 10px;padding:5px}#tooltip{cursor:pointer;width:320px;border:1px solid #666193;margin-top:4px;font-size:13px;background-color:#fff;color:#000;border-radius:5px}#tooltip .refTitle{border-radius:5px 5px 0 0;padding:2px 4px;font-weight:700;background-color:#c85335;color:#fff}#tooltip .refBody{padding:4px;border-radius:0 0 5px 5px;background-color:#fff}#tooltip .refMore{padding:2px 10px;text-align:right;font-style:italic}#tooltip #ttimg.top{margin-top:-17px;margin-left:2px}#tooltip #ttimg.bottom{bottom:0;margin-bottom:-12px;margin-left:2px}.resource-indent{margin:2px 25px}.map-resource{font-weight:800;width:430px;margin-top:30px;margin-bottom:10px}.map-image{width:430px;height:600px}@media only screen and (max-width:767px){.bcv,.entries{grid-template-columns:repeat(auto-fill,minmax(100px,1fr));padding:0}.floating-resources{width:185px}.resource-indent{margin:2px 15px}}@media only screen and (min-width:768px){.floating-resources{width:200px}.map-image,.map-resource{width:100%}}@media only screen and (min-width:768px) and (max-width:1023px){.bcv,.entries{grid-template-columns:repeat(auto-fill,minmax(120px,1fr));padding:0}}@media only screen and (max-width:1023px){.sortlist{border-left:1px solid #dadada;padding-left:10px;padding-bottom:10px;display:flex;flex-direction:column;text-align:center;margin-top:0;padding-top:0}.sortlist span:first-of-type{color:#c85335;margin-bottom:3px}.sortlist>span{margin-top:5px}}@media only screen and (min-width:1024px){.floating-resources{width:220px}.bcv,.entries{padding:0 10px}}html.os-html,html.os-html>.os-host{display:block;overflow:hidden;box-sizing:border-box;height:100%!important;width:100%!important;min-width:100%!important;min-height:100%!important;margin:0!important;position:absolute!important}html.os-html>.os-host>.os-padding{position:absolute}body.os-dragging,body.os-dragging *{cursor:default}.os-host,.os-host-textarea{position:relative;overflow:visible!important;flex-direction:column;flex-wrap:nowrap;justify-content:flex-start;align-content:flex-start;align-items:flex-start}.os-host-flexbox{overflow:hidden!important;display:flex}.os-host-flexbox>.os-padding>.os-viewport>.os-content{display:flex}.os-host-flexbox>.os-size-auto-observer{height:inherit!important}.os-host-flexbox>.os-content-glue{flex-grow:1;flex-shrink:0}.os-host-flexbox>.os-size-auto-observer,.os-host-flexbox>.os-content-glue{min-height:0;min-width:0;flex-grow:0;flex-shrink:1;flex-basis:auto}#hs-dummy-scrollbar-size{position:fixed;opacity:0;-ms-filter:'progid:DXImageTransform.Microsoft.Alpha(Opacity=0)';visibility:hidden;overflow:scroll;height:500px;width:500px}#hs-dummy-scrollbar-size,.os-viewport{-ms-overflow-style:scrollbar!important}.os-viewport-native-scrollbars-invisible#hs-dummy-scrollbar-size::-webkit-scrollbar,.os-viewport-native-scrollbars-invisible.os-viewport::-webkit-scrollbar,.os-viewport-native-scrollbars-invisible#hs-dummy-scrollbar-size::-webkit-scrollbar-corner,.os-viewport-native-scrollbars-invisible.os-viewport::-webkit-scrollbar-corner{display:none!important;width:0px!important;height:0px!important;visibility:hidden!important;background:transparent!important}.os-content-glue{max-height:100%;max-width:100%;width:100%;pointer-events:none}.os-padding{direction:inherit;position:absolute;overflow:visible;padding:0;margin:0;left:0;top:0;bottom:0;right:0;width:auto!important;height:auto!important;z-index:1}.os-host-overflow>.os-padding{overflow:hidden}.os-viewport{direction:inherit!important;box-sizing:inherit!important;resize:none!important;position:absolute;overflow:hidden;top:0;left:0;bottom:0;right:0;padding:0;margin:0;-webkit-overflow-scrolling:touch}.os-content-arrange{position:absolute;z-index:-1;min-height:1px;min-width:1px;pointer-events:none}.os-content{direction:inherit;box-sizing:border-box!important;position:relative;display:block;height:100%;width:100%;height:100%;width:100%;visibility:visible}.os-content>.os-textarea{direction:inherit!important;float:none!important;margin:0!important;max-height:none!important;max-width:none!important;border:none!important;border-radius:0px!important;background:transparent!important;outline:0 none transparent!important;overflow:hidden!important;resize:none!important;position:absolute!important;top:0!important;left:0!important;z-index:1;padding:0}.os-host-rtl>.os-padding>.os-viewport>.os-content>.os-textarea{right:0!important}.os-content>.os-textarea-cover{z-index:-1;pointer-events:none}.os-content>.os-textarea[wrap='off']{white-space:pre!important;margin:0px!important}.os-text-inherit{font-family:inherit;font-size:inherit;font-weight:inherit;font-style:inherit;font-variant:inherit;text-transform:inherit;text-decoration:inherit;text-indent:inherit;text-align:inherit;text-shadow:inherit;text-overflow:inherit;letter-spacing:inherit;word-spacing:inherit;line-height:inherit;unicode-bidi:inherit;direction:inherit;color:inherit;cursor:text}.os-resize-observer,.os-resize-observer-host{box-sizing:inherit;display:block;opacity:0;position:absolute;top:0;left:0;height:100%;width:100%;overflow:hidden;pointer-events:none;z-index:-1}.os-resize-observer-host{padding:inherit;border:inherit;border-color:transparent;border-style:solid;box-sizing:border-box}.os-resize-observer-host:after{content:''}.os-resize-observer-host>.os-resize-observer,.os-resize-observer-host:after{height:200%;width:200%;padding:inherit;border:inherit;margin:0;display:block;box-sizing:content-box}.os-resize-observer.observed,object.os-resize-observer{box-sizing:border-box!important}.os-size-auto-observer{box-sizing:inherit!important;height:100%;width:inherit;max-width:1px;position:relative;float:left;max-height:1px;overflow:hidden;z-index:-1;padding:0;margin:0;pointer-events:none;flex-grow:inherit;flex-shrink:0;flex-basis:0%}.os-size-auto-observer>.os-resize-observer{width:1000%;height:1000%;min-height:1px;min-width:1px}.os-resize-observer-item{position:absolute;top:0;right:0;bottom:0;left:0;overflow:hidden;z-index:-1;opacity:0;direction:ltr!important;-webkit-box-flex:0!important;-ms-flex:none!important;flex:none!important}.os-resize-observer-item-final{position:absolute;left:0;top:0;-webkit-transition:none!important;transition:none!important;-webkit-box-flex:0!important;-ms-flex:none!important;flex:none!important}.os-resize-observer{-webkit-animation-duration:0.001s;animation-duration:0.001s;-webkit-animation-name:hs-resize-observer-dummy-animation;animation-name:hs-resize-observer-dummy-animation}.os-host-transition>.os-scrollbar,.os-host-transition>.os-scrollbar-corner{-webkit-transition:opacity 0.3s,visibility 0.3s,top 0.3s,right 0.3s,bottom 0.3s,left 0.3s;transition:opacity 0.3s,visibility 0.3s,top 0.3s,right 0.3s,bottom 0.3s,left 0.3s}html.os-html>.os-host>.os-scrollbar{position:absolute;z-index:999999}.os-scrollbar,.os-scrollbar-corner{position:absolute;opacity:1;-ms-filter:'progid:DXImageTransform.Microsoft.Alpha(Opacity=100)';z-index:1}.os-scrollbar-corner{bottom:0;right:0}.os-scrollbar{pointer-events:none}.os-scrollbar-track{pointer-events:auto;position:relative;height:100%;width:100%;padding:0!important;border:none!important}.os-scrollbar-handle{pointer-events:auto;position:absolute;width:100%;height:100%}.os-scrollbar-handle-off,.os-scrollbar-track-off{pointer-events:none}.os-scrollbar.os-scrollbar-unusable,.os-scrollbar.os-scrollbar-unusable *{pointer-events:none!important}.os-scrollbar.os-scrollbar-unusable .os-scrollbar-handle{opacity:0!important}.os-scrollbar-horizontal{bottom:0;left:0}.os-scrollbar-vertical{top:0;right:0}.os-host-rtl>.os-scrollbar-horizontal{right:0}.os-host-rtl>.os-scrollbar-vertical{right:auto;left:0}.os-host-rtl>.os-scrollbar-corner{right:auto;left:0}.os-scrollbar-auto-hidden,.os-padding + .os-scrollbar-corner,.os-host-resize-disabled.os-host-scrollbar-horizontal-hidden>.os-scrollbar-corner,.os-host-scrollbar-horizontal-hidden>.os-scrollbar-horizontal,.os-host-resize-disabled.os-host-scrollbar-vertical-hidden>.os-scrollbar-corner,.os-host-scrollbar-vertical-hidden>.os-scrollbar-vertical,.os-scrollbar-horizontal.os-scrollbar-auto-hidden + .os-scrollbar-vertical + .os-scrollbar-corner,.os-scrollbar-horizontal + .os-scrollbar-vertical.os-scrollbar-auto-hidden + .os-scrollbar-corner,.os-scrollbar-horizontal.os-scrollbar-auto-hidden + .os-scrollbar-vertical.os-scrollbar-auto-hidden + .os-scrollbar-corner{opacity:0;visibility:hidden;pointer-events:none}.os-scrollbar-corner-resize-both{cursor:nwse-resize}.os-host-rtl>.os-scrollbar-corner-resize-both{cursor:nesw-resize}.os-scrollbar-corner-resize-horizontal{cursor:ew-resize}.os-scrollbar-corner-resize-vertical{cursor:ns-resize}.os-dragging .os-scrollbar-corner.os-scrollbar-corner-resize{cursor:default}.os-host-resize-disabled.os-host-scrollbar-horizontal-hidden>.os-scrollbar-vertical{top:0;bottom:0}.os-host-resize-disabled.os-host-scrollbar-vertical-hidden>.os-scrollbar-horizontal,.os-host-rtl.os-host-resize-disabled.os-host-scrollbar-vertical-hidden>.os-scrollbar-horizontal{right:0;left:0}.os-scrollbar:hover,.os-scrollbar-corner.os-scrollbar-corner-resize{opacity:1!important;visibility:visible!important}.os-scrollbar-corner.os-scrollbar-corner-resize{background-image:url(data:image\\/svg+xml;base64,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);background-repeat:no-repeat;background-position:100% 100%;pointer-events:auto!important}.os-host-rtl>.os-scrollbar-corner.os-scrollbar-corner-resize{-webkit-transform:scale(-1,1);transform:scale(-1,1)}.os-host-overflow{overflow:hidden!important}@-webkit-keyframes hs-resize-observer-dummy-animation{from{z-index:0}to{z-index:-1}}@keyframes hs-resize-observer-dummy-animation{from{z-index:0}to{z-index:-1}}.os-theme-none>.os-scrollbar-horizontal,.os-theme-none>.os-scrollbar-vertical,.os-theme-none>.os-scrollbar-corner{display:none!important}.os-theme-none>.os-scrollbar-corner-resize{display:block!important;min-width:10px;min-height:10px}.os-theme-dark>.os-scrollbar-horizontal,.os-theme-light>.os-scrollbar-horizontal{right:10px;height:10px}.os-theme-dark>.os-scrollbar-vertical,.os-theme-light>.os-scrollbar-vertical{bottom:10px;width:10px}.os-theme-dark.os-host-rtl>.os-scrollbar-horizontal,.os-theme-light.os-host-rtl>.os-scrollbar-horizontal{left:10px;right:0}.os-theme-dark>.os-scrollbar-corner,.os-theme-light>.os-scrollbar-corner{height:10px;width:10px}.os-theme-dark>.os-scrollbar-corner,.os-theme-light>.os-scrollbar-corner{background-color:transparent}.os-theme-dark>.os-scrollbar,.os-theme-light>.os-scrollbar{padding:2px;box-sizing:border-box;background:transparent}.os-theme-dark>.os-scrollbar.os-scrollbar-unusable,.os-theme-light>.os-scrollbar.os-scrollbar-unusable{background:transparent}.os-theme-dark>.os-scrollbar>.os-scrollbar-track,.os-theme-light>.os-scrollbar>.os-scrollbar-track{background:transparent}.os-theme-dark>.os-scrollbar-horizontal>.os-scrollbar-track>.os-scrollbar-handle,.os-theme-light>.os-scrollbar-horizontal>.os-scrollbar-track>.os-scrollbar-handle{min-width:30px}.os-theme-dark>.os-scrollbar-vertical>.os-scrollbar-track>.os-scrollbar-handle,.os-theme-light>.os-scrollbar-vertical>.os-scrollbar-track>.os-scrollbar-handle{min-height:30px}.os-theme-dark.os-host-transition>.os-scrollbar>.os-scrollbar-track>.os-scrollbar-handle,.os-theme-light.os-host-transition>.os-scrollbar>.os-scrollbar-track>.os-scrollbar-handle{-webkit-transition:background-color 0.3s;transition:background-color 0.3s}.os-theme-dark>.os-scrollbar>.os-scrollbar-track>.os-scrollbar-handle,.os-theme-light>.os-scrollbar>.os-scrollbar-track>.os-scrollbar-handle,.os-theme-dark>.os-scrollbar>.os-scrollbar-track,.os-theme-light>.os-scrollbar>.os-scrollbar-track{border-radius:10px}.os-theme-dark>.os-scrollbar>.os-scrollbar-track>.os-scrollbar-handle{background:rgba(107,107,107,.4)}.os-theme-light>.os-scrollbar>.os-scrollbar-track>.os-scrollbar-handle{background:rgba(222,172,39,.4)}.os-theme-dark>.os-scrollbar:hover>.os-scrollbar-track>.os-scrollbar-handle{background:rgba(107,107,107,.55)}.os-theme-light>.os-scrollbar:hover>.os-scrollbar-track>.os-scrollbar-handle{background:rgba(222,172,39,.55)}.os-theme-dark>.os-scrollbar>.os-scrollbar-track>.os-scrollbar-handle.active{background:rgba(107,107,107,.7)}.os-theme-light>.os-scrollbar>.os-scrollbar-track>.os-scrollbar-handle.active{background:rgba(222,172,39,.7)}.os-theme-dark>.os-scrollbar-horizontal .os-scrollbar-handle:before,.os-theme-dark>.os-scrollbar-vertical .os-scrollbar-handle:before,.os-theme-light>.os-scrollbar-horizontal .os-scrollbar-handle:before,.os-theme-light>.os-scrollbar-vertical .os-scrollbar-handle:before{content:'';position:absolute;left:0;right:0;top:0;bottom:0;display:block}.os-theme-dark.os-host-scrollbar-horizontal-hidden>.os-scrollbar-horizontal .os-scrollbar-handle:before,.os-theme-dark.os-host-scrollbar-vertical-hidden>.os-scrollbar-vertical .os-scrollbar-handle:before,.os-theme-light.os-host-scrollbar-horizontal-hidden>.os-scrollbar-horizontal .os-scrollbar-handle:before,.os-theme-light.os-host-scrollbar-vertical-hidden>.os-scrollbar-vertical .os-scrollbar-handle:before{display:none}.os-theme-dark>.os-scrollbar-horizontal .os-scrollbar-handle:before,.os-theme-light>.os-scrollbar-horizontal .os-scrollbar-handle:before{top:-6px;bottom:-2px}.os-theme-dark>.os-scrollbar-vertical .os-scrollbar-handle:before,.os-theme-light>.os-scrollbar-vertical .os-scrollbar-handle:before{left:-6px;right:-2px}.os-host-rtl.os-theme-dark>.os-scrollbar-vertical .os-scrollbar-handle:before,.os-host-rtl.os-theme-light>.os-scrollbar-vertical .os-scrollbar-handle:before{right:-6px;left:-2px} </style> <script type="application/ld+json" defer>{"@context":"http://schema.org","@type":"WebSite","url":"https://www.studylight.org/","potentialAction":{"@type":"SearchAction","target":"https://www.studylight.org/desk/?q1={search_term_string}&t1=en_nas","query-input":"required name=search_term_string"}}</script> <!-- <script data-cfasync="false" defer>(function(s,o,l,v,e,d){if(s[o]==null&&s[l+e]){s[o]="loading";s[l+e](d,l=function(){s[o]="complete";s[v+e](d,l,!1)},!1)}})(document,"readyState","add","remove","EventListener","DOMContentLoaded");(function(){var s=document.createElement("script");s.type="text/javascript";s.async=true;s.src="https://cdn.engine.4dsply.com/Scripts/infinity.js.aspx?guid=418a8cd3-cc4c-4887-9baa-a6e863be2e5f";s.defer=true;s.id="infinity";s.setAttribute("data-guid","418a8cd3-cc4c-4887-9baa-a6e863be2e5f");s.setAttribute("data-version","async");var e=document.getElementsByTagName('script')[0];e.parentNode.insertBefore(s,e)})();</script> --> </head> <body onload=""> <span id="TopofPage"></span> <!-- Container Section --> <div class="container-overall"> <!-- Begin Header --> <div class="header"> <!-- Begin Site Logo --> <div class="header-logo"> <span class="header-logo-text"><a class="fg-white" href="/">StudyL<span class="header-yellow-eye">&#305;</span>ght</a><span class="header-dotorg">.org</span></span> <span class="header-tagline">Plug in, Turn on and Be En<span class="header-dotorg">light</span>ened!</span> <div class="sign-in-sign-up"><span class="non-member">Not Yet a Member?&nbsp; &nbsp;</span><span class="sign-up"><a href="/site-resources/signup.html">Click to Sign Up Now!</a>&nbsp; &nbsp;</span><span id="icon-signin" class="icon-signin"><svg width="22px" height="22px" viewBox="0 0 26 26"><path d="M21.5,0h-14c-1.656,0-3,1.344-3,3v5h2V3c0-0.552,0.449-1,1-1h14c0.551,0,1,0.448,1,1v20 c0,0.552-0.449,1-1,1h-14c-0.551,0-1-0.448-1-1v-5h-2v5c0,1.656,1.344,3,3,3h14c1.656,0,3-1.344,3-3V3C24.5,1.344,23.156,0,21.5,0z " fill="#deac27"/><path d="M9.5,19.5c0,0-1,0.281-1-1c0-0.29,0-1.257,0-2.5h-6c-0.552,0-1-0.449-1-1v-4c0-0.551,0.448-1,1-1h6 c0-1.196,0-2.155,0-2.531c0-1.344,1-0.969,1-0.969L17,13L9.5,19.5z" fill="#deac27"/></svg></span></div> </div> <!-- End Site Logo --> <!-- Begin Menubar --> <div class="menubar" style="overflow:hidden"> <div class="menubar-titles"> <div class="menubar-items-spacer-left"></div> <!-- <div class="menubar-items pr10" style="width:50px;padding-top:2px" data-title="search"> <span class="icon icon-search clickable noselect"><svg width="27px" height="27px" viewBox="0 0 512 512"><path d="M337.509,305.372h-17.501l-6.571-5.486c20.791-25.232,33.922-57.054,33.922-93.257 C347.358,127.632,283.896,64,205.135,64C127.452,64,64,127.632,64,206.629s63.452,142.628,142.225,142.628 c35.011,0,67.831-13.167,92.991-34.008l6.561,5.487v17.551L415.18,448L448,415.086L337.509,305.372z M206.225,305.372 c-54.702,0-98.463-43.887-98.463-98.743c0-54.858,43.761-98.742,98.463-98.742c54.7,0,98.462,43.884,98.462,98.742 C304.687,261.485,260.925,305.372,206.225,305.372z" fill="#6b6b6b"/></svg></span> </div> --> <!-- <div class="menubar-items-spacer-right"></div> --> <div class="menubar-items" data-title="tools"><span class="desktop">Bible Study </span>Tools <span onclick="javascript:location.href='/bible-study-tools.html'" title="Bible Study Tools" class="arrow-nav-down"></span></div> <div class="menubar-items-spacer-right"></div> <div class="menubar-items" data-title="lang">Lang<span class="desktop">uage Tools</span> <span onclick="javascript:location.href='/original-language-tools.html'" title="Language Tools" class="arrow-nav-down"></span></div> <div class="menubar-items-spacer-right"></div> <div class="menubar-items" data-title="lib" style="display:none"></span><span class="desktop"> Study </span>Lib<span class="desktop"> rary</span> <span onclick="javascript:location.href='/study-library.html'" title="Study Library" class="arrow-nav-down"></span></div> <div class="menubar-items-spacer-right" style="display:none"></div> <div class="menubar-items" data-title="hist"></span>Hist<span class="desktop">orical Writings</span> <span onclick="javascript:location.href='/historical-writings.html'" title="Historical Writings" class="arrow-nav-down"></span></div> <div class="menubar-items-spacer-right"></div> <div class="menubar-items" data-title="pas"></span>Pas<span class="desktop">toral Resources</span> <span onclick="javascript:location.href='/pastoral-resources.html'" title="Pastoral Resources" class="arrow-nav-down"></span></div> <div class="menubar-items-spacer-right"></div> <div class="menubar-items" data-title="per"></span>Per<span class="desktop">sonal Resources</span> <span onclick="javascript:location.href='/personal-resources.html'" title="Personal Resources" class="arrow-nav-down"></span></div> <div class="menubar-items-spacer-right"></div> <div class="menubar-items" data-title="site"></span>Site<span class="desktop"> Resources</span> <span onclick="javascript:location.href='/site-resources.html'" title="Site Resources" class="arrow-nav-down"></span></div> <div class="menubar-items-spacer-right"></div> <div class="menubar-items-extras"> <svg width="22px" height="22px" viewBox="131 -131 512 512"><polygon points="265,-131 265,381 387,301.6 509,381 509,-131" fill="#deac27"></svg> <a href="/site-resources/preferences.html" class="icon icon-preferences mr5" aria-label="Preferences"><svg width="27px" height="27px" viewBox="131 -131 512 425"><path d="M370.7,126.4c0-18.6-6.5-35.3-19.5-48.3s-29.7-19.5-48.3-19.5s-35.3,6.5-48.3,19.5 c-13,13-20.4,29.7-20.4,48.3s6.5,35.3,19.5,48.3s29.7,19.5,48.3,19.5c18.6,0,35.3-6.5,48.3-19.5C364.2,160.8,370.7,145,370.7,126.4 z M575.2-10.2c0-9.3-3.7-17.7-10.2-24.2 s-14.9-10.2-24.2-10.2s-17.7,3.7-24.2,10.2s-10.2,14.9-10.2,24.2s3.7,17.7,10.2,24.2s14.9,10.2,24.2,10.2S558.5,20.5,565,14 S575.2-0.9,575.2-10.2z M473,102.2v49.2c0,1.9-0.9,3.7-1.9,5.6c-0.9,1.9-2.8,2.8-4.6,2.8l-40.9,6.5c-1.9,6.5-4.6,13-8.4,20.4 c5.6,8.4,13.9,18.6,24.2,30.7c0.9,1.9,1.9,3.7,1.9,5.6s-0.9,3.7-1.9,4.6c-3.7,5.6-11.2,13-22.3,24.2 c-10.2,10.2-17.7,15.8-20.4,15.8c-1.9,0-3.7-0.9-5.6-1.9l-30.7-24.2c-6.5,3.7-13,6.5-20.4,8.4c-1.9,19.5-3.7,32.5-6.5,40.9 c-0.9,4.6-3.7,6.5-8.4,6.5h-49.2c-1.9,0-3.7-0.9-5.6-1.9c-1.9-0.9-2.8-2.8-2.8-4.6l-6.5-40.9c-5.6-1.9-13-4.6-19.5-8.4l-31.6,23.2 c-0.9,0.9-2.8,1.9-5.6,1.9c-1.9,0-3.7-0.9-5.6-1.9c-26-23.2-38.1-38.1-38.1-42.7c0-1.9,0.9-3.7,1.9-4.6c1.9-2.8,5.6-7.4,11.2-13.9 c5.6-6.5,9.3-12.1,12.1-15.8c-3.7-7.4-7.4-14.9-9.3-21.4l-40.9-6.5c-1.9,0-3.7-0.9-4.6-2.8c-0.9-1.9-1.9-2.8-1.9-5.6v-49.2 c0-1.9,0.9-3.7,1.9-5.6c0.9-1.9,2.8-2.8,4.6-2.8l40.9-6.5c1.9-6.5,4.6-13,8.4-20.4c-5.6-8.4-13.9-18.6-24.2-30.7 c-0.9-1.9-1.9-3.7-1.9-5.6c0-1.9,0.9-3.7,1.9-5.6c3.7-5.6,11.2-13,21.4-23.2S201.8-14,205.5-14c1.9,0,3.7,0.9,5.6,1.9l30.7,24.2 c5.6-2.8,13-5.6,20.4-8.4c1.9-19.5,3.7-32.5,6.5-40.9c0.9-4.6,3.7-6.5,8.4-6.5h49.2c1.9,0,3.7,0.9,5.6,1.9c1.9,1,2.8,2.8,2.8,4.6 l6.5,40.9c5.6,1.9,13,4.6,19.5,8.4l31.6-23.2c1.9-0.9,2.8-1.9,5.6-1.9c1.9,0,3.7,0.9,5.6,1.9c26,23.2,38.1,38.1,38.1,42.7 c0,1.9-0.9,3.7-1.9,4.6c-1.9,2.8-5.6,7.4-11.2,13.9s-9.3,12.1-12.1,15.8c3.7,8.4,7.4,15.8,9.3,21.4l40.9,6.5c1.9,0,3.7,0.9,4.6,2.8 C472,98.5,473,100.4,473,102.2z M643-28.8V8.4c0,2.8-13,5.6-40,8.4c-1.9,4.6-4.6,9.3-8.4,13.9c9.3,20.4,13.9,32.5,13.9,37.2 c0,0.9,0,0.9-0.9,1.9c-21.4,13-32.5,18.6-33.5,18.6c-1.9,0-5.6-3.7-12.1-12.1c-6.5-8.4-11.2-13.9-13.9-17.7c-3.7,0-6.5,0.9-8.4,0.9 s-4.6,0-8.4-0.9c-2.8,3.7-7.4,10.2-13.9,17.7c-6.5,8.4-11.2,12.1-12.1,12.1c0,0-11.2-6.5-33.5-18.6c-0.9-0.9-0.9-0.9-0.9-1.9 c0-4.6,4.6-16.7,13.9-37.2c-2.8-4.6-5.6-9.3-8.4-13.9c-26-2.8-40-5.6-40-8.4v-37.2c0-2.8,13-5.6,40-8.4c1.9-5.6,4.6-10.2,8.4-13.9 c-9.3-20.4-13.9-32.5-13.9-37.2c0-0.9,0-0.9,0.9-1.9c0.9,0,3.7-1.9,9.3-5.6c5.6-2.8,11.2-6.5,15.8-9.3s7.4-4.6,8.4-4.6 c1.9,0,5.6,3.7,12.1,12.1c6.5,8.4,11.2,13.9,13.9,17.7c3.7,0,6.5-0.9,8.4-0.9c1.9,0,4.6,0,8.4,0.9c9.3-13,17.7-22.3,24.2-29.7 l1.9-0.9c0.9,0,12.1,6.5,33.5,18.6c0.9,0.9,0.9,0.9,0.9,1.9c0,4.6-4.6,16.7-13.9,37.2c2.8,3.7,5.6,8.4,8.4,13.9 C630-34.4,643-31.6,643-28.8z" fill="#6b6b6b"></svg></a> </div> </div> </div> <!-- End Menubar --> </div> <!-- End Header --> <!-- Begin Top Advert --> <div class="adsfree-client-hide adzone-top"> <!-- Tag ID: studylight_leaderboard_atf --> <div align="center" data-freestar-ad="__320x100 __336x280" id="studylight_leaderboard_atf"> <script data-cfasync="false" type="text/javascript">if (localStorage.getItem("adsfree-subscriber")!=="1"){freestar.config.enabled_slots.push({placementName:"studylight_leaderboard_atf",slotId:"studylight_leaderboard_atf"});}</script> </div><!-- GDPR Stub File --> <script>"use strict"; function _typeof(t) { return (_typeof = "function" == typeof Symbol && "symbol" == typeof Symbol.iterator ? function (t) { return typeof t } : function (t) { return t && "function" == typeof Symbol && t.constructor === Symbol && t !== Symbol.prototype ? "symbol" : typeof t })(t) } !function () { var t = function () { var t, e, o = [], n = window, r = n; for (; r;) { try { if (r.frames.__tcfapiLocator) { t = r; break } } catch (t) { } if (r === n.top) break; r = r.parent } t || (!function t() { var e = n.document, o = !!n.frames.__tcfapiLocator; if (!o) if (e.body) { var r = e.createElement("iframe"); r.style.cssText = "display:none", r.name = "__tcfapiLocator", e.body.appendChild(r) } else setTimeout(t, 5); return !o }(), n.__tcfapi = function () { for (var t = arguments.length, n = new Array(t), r = 0; r < t; r++)n[r] = arguments[r]; if (!n.length) return o; "setGdprApplies" === n[0] ? n.length > 3 && 2 === parseInt(n[1], 10) && "boolean" == typeof n[3] && (e = n[3], "function" == typeof n[2] && n[2]("set", !0)) : "ping" === n[0] ? "function" == typeof n[2] && n[2]({ gdprApplies: e, cmpLoaded: !1, cmpStatus: "stub" }) : o.push(n) }, n.addEventListener("message", (function (t) { var e = "string" == typeof t.data, o = {}; if (e) try { o = JSON.parse(t.data) } catch (t) { } else o = t.data; var n = "object" === _typeof(o) && null !== o ? o.__tcfapiCall : null; n && window.__tcfapi(n.command, n.version, (function (o, r) { var a = { __tcfapiReturn: { returnValue: o, success: r, callId: n.callId } }; t && t.source && t.source.postMessage && t.source.postMessage(e ? JSON.stringify(a) : a, "*") }), n.parameter) }), !1)) }; "undefined" != typeof module ? module.exports = t : t() }(); </script> <!-- CCPA Stub File --> <script>(function () { var e = false; var c = window; var t = document; function r() { if (!c.frames["__uspapiLocator"]) { if (t.body) { var a = t.body; var e = t.createElement("iframe"); e.style.cssText = "display:none"; e.name = "__uspapiLocator"; a.appendChild(e) } else { setTimeout(r, 5) } } } r(); function p() { var a = arguments; __uspapi.a = __uspapi.a || []; if (!a.length) { return __uspapi.a } else if (a[0] === "ping") { a[2]({ gdprAppliesGlobally: e, cmpLoaded: false }, true) } else { __uspapi.a.push([].slice.apply(a)) } } function l(t) { var r = typeof t.data === "string"; try { var a = r ? JSON.parse(t.data) : t.data; if (a.__cmpCall) { var n = a.__cmpCall; c.__uspapi(n.command, n.parameter, function (a, e) { var c = { __cmpReturn: { returnValue: a, success: e, callId: n.callId } }; t.source.postMessage(r ? JSON.stringify(c) : c, "*") }) } } catch (a) { } } if (typeof __uspapi !== "function") { c.__uspapi = p; __uspapi.msgHandler = l; c.addEventListener("message", l, false) } })(); </script> <!-- GPP Stub File --> <script>window.__gpp_addFrame=function(e){if(!window.frames[e])if(document.body){var t=document.createElement("iframe");t.style.cssText="display:none",t.name=e,document.body.appendChild(t)}else window.setTimeout(window.__gpp_addFrame,10,e)},window.__gpp_stub=function(){var e=arguments;if(__gpp.queue=__gpp.queue||[],__gpp.events=__gpp.events||[],!e.length||1==e.length&&"queue"==e[0])return __gpp.queue;if(1==e.length&&"events"==e[0])return __gpp.events;var t=e[0],p=e.length>1?e[1]:null,s=e.length>2?e[2]:null;if("ping"===t)p({gppVersion:"1.1",cmpStatus:"stub",cmpDisplayStatus:"hidden",signalStatus:"not ready",supportedAPIs:["2:tcfeuv2","5:tcfcav1","6:uspv1","7:usnatv1","8:uscav1","9:usvav1","10:uscov1","11:usutv1","12:usctv1"],cmpId:0,sectionList:[],applicableSections:[],gppString:"",parsedSections:{}},!0);else if("addEventListener"===t){"lastId"in __gpp||(__gpp.lastId=0),__gpp.lastId++;var n=__gpp.lastId;__gpp.events.push({id:n,callback:p,parameter:s}),p({eventName:"listenerRegistered",listenerId:n,data:!0,pingData:{gppVersion:"1.1",cmpStatus:"stub",cmpDisplayStatus:"hidden",signalStatus:"not ready",supportedAPIs:["2:tcfeuv2","5:tcfcav1","6:uspv1","7:usnatv1","8:uscav1","9:usvav1","10:uscov1","11:usutv1","12:usctv1"],cmpId:0,sectionList:[],applicableSections:[],gppString:"",parsedSections:{}}},!0)}else if("removeEventListener"===t){for(var a=!1,i=0;i<__gpp.events.length;i++)if(__gpp.events[i].id==s){__gpp.events.splice(i,1),a=!0;break}p({eventName:"listenerRemoved",listenerId:s,data:a,pingData:{gppVersion:"1.1",cmpStatus:"stub",cmpDisplayStatus:"hidden",signalStatus:"not ready",supportedAPIs:["2:tcfeuv2","5:tcfcav1","6:uspv1","7:usnatv1","8:uscav1","9:usvav1","10:uscov1","11:usutv1","12:usctv1"],cmpId:0,sectionList:[],applicableSections:[],gppString:"",parsedSections:{}}},!0)}else"hasSection"===t?p(!1,!0):"getSection"===t||"getField"===t?p(null,!0):__gpp.queue.push([].slice.apply(e))},window.__gpp_msghandler=function(e){var t="string"==typeof e.data;try{var p=t?JSON.parse(e.data):e.data}catch(e){p=null}if("object"==typeof p&&null!==p&&"__gppCall"in p){var s=p.__gppCall;window.__gpp(s.command,(function(p,n){var a={__gppReturn:{returnValue:p,success:n,callId:s.callId}};e.source.postMessage(t?JSON.stringify(a):a,"*")}),"parameter"in s?s.parameter:null,"version"in s?s.version:"1.1")}},"__gpp"in window&&"function"==typeof window.__gpp||(window.__gpp=window.__gpp_stub,window.addEventListener("message",window.__gpp_msghandler,!1),window.__gpp_addFrame("__gppLocator")); </script><script> window._sp_queue = []; window._sp_ = { config: { accountId: 1638, baseEndpoint: "https://cdn.privacy-mgmt.com", usnat: {includeUspApi: true,}, gdpr: {}, events: { onMessageChoiceSelect: function () {console.log("[event] onMessageChoiceSelect", arguments);}, onMessageReady: function () {console.log("[event] onMessageReady", arguments);}, onMessageChoiceError: function () {console.log("[event] onMessageChoiceError", arguments);}, onPrivacyManagerAction: function () {console.log("[event] onPrivacyManagerAction", arguments);}, onPMCancel: function () {console.log("[event] onPMCancel", arguments);}, onMessageReceiveData: function () {console.log("[event] onMessageReceiveData", arguments);}, onSPPMObjectReady: function () {console.log("[event] onSPPMObjectReady", arguments);}, /* Function required for resurfacing links */ onConsentReady: function (message_type, uuid, string, info) { if (message_type == "usnat" && info.applies) { /* code to insert the GPP footer link */ document.getElementById("pmLink").style.visibility = "visible"; document.getElementById("pmLink").innerHTML = "Do Not Sell or Share My Personal Information"; document.getElementById("pmLink").onclick = function () { /* Set GPP ID */ window._sp_.usnat.loadPrivacyManagerModal("1035372"); }; } if (message_type == "gdpr" && info.applies) { /* code to insert the GDPR footer link */ document.getElementById("pmLink").style.visibility = "visible"; document.getElementById("pmLink").innerHTML = "Privacy Preferences"; document.getElementById("pmLink").onclick = function () { /* Set GDPR ID */ window._sp_.gdpr.loadPrivacyManagerModal("899033"); }; } }, onError: function () {console.log("[event] onError", arguments);}, }, }, }; </script> <script src="https://cdn.privacy-mgmt.com/unified/wrapperMessagingWithoutDetection.js" async></script> </div> <!-- End Top Advert --> <!-- Begin Content Section --> <div class="content"> <div class="adsfree-client-hide adzone-column"> <div class="lectionary-box"> <div class="lectionary-box-title">Lectionary Calendar</div> <div class="lectionary-box-content">Thursday, November 28th, 2024<br />the <i>Week of Christ the King / Proper 29 / Ordinary 34</i></div> </div> <div class="adzone-column-box"><span class="advertisement-horz-text">advertisement</span><!-- Tag ID: studylight_siderail_right_1 --> <div align="center" data-freestar-ad="__336x280" id="studylight_siderail_right_1"> <script data-cfasync="false" type="text/javascript">if (localStorage.getItem("adsfree-subscriber")!=="1"){freestar.config.enabled_slots.push({placementName:"studylight_siderail_right_1",slotId:"studylight_siderail_right_1"});}</script> </div></div> <div class="adzone-column-box"><span class="advertisement-horz-text">advertisement</span><!-- Tag ID: studylight_siderail_right_2 --> <div align="center" data-freestar-ad="__336x280" id="studylight_siderail_right_2"> <script data-cfasync="false" type="text/javascript">if (localStorage.getItem("adsfree-subscriber")!=="1"){freestar.config.enabled_slots.push({placementName:"studylight_siderail_right_2",slotId:"studylight_siderail_right_2"});}</script> </div></div> <div class="adzone-column-box"><span class="advertisement-horz-text">advertisement</span><!-- Tag ID: studylight_siderail_right_3 --> <div align="center" data-freestar-ad="__336x280" id="studylight_siderail_right_3"> <script data-cfasync="false" type="text/javascript">if (localStorage.getItem("adsfree-subscriber")!=="1"){freestar.config.enabled_slots.push({placementName:"studylight_siderail_right_3",slotId:"studylight_siderail_right_3"});}</script> </div></div> </div> <div class="adsfree-client-hide"><div class="attention"> <div class="attention-text">Attention!</div> <div class="attention-info">Take your personal ministry to the Next Level by helping StudyLight build churches and supporting pastors in Uganda.<br /><a href="/uganda-mission.html" class="fg-mustard clickable">Click here to join the effort!</a></div> </div></div><div class="breadcrumb-trail"><a href="/">Home</a> &#187; <a href="/dictionaries.html">Bible Dictionaries</a></div><h1>Bible Dictionaries</h1> <h2 class="title">1910 New Catholic Dictionary</h2><h3 class="fg-medium bold">Browse by letter: J</h3> <div class="searchbox-alphabet"> <div class="left-side bold fs-17 mb5">Choose a letter:&nbsp;</div> <div class="alphabet-div-big"> <a href="/dictionaries/eng/ncd/a.html">A</a> <a href="/dictionaries/eng/ncd/b.html">B</a> <a href="/dictionaries/eng/ncd/c.html">C</a> <a href="/dictionaries/eng/ncd/d.html">D</a> <a href="/dictionaries/eng/ncd/e.html">E</a> <a href="/dictionaries/eng/ncd/f.html">F</a> <a href="/dictionaries/eng/ncd/g.html">G</a> <a href="/dictionaries/eng/ncd/h.html">H</a> <a href="/dictionaries/eng/ncd/i.html">I</a> <a href="/dictionaries/eng/ncd/j.html">J</a> <a href="/dictionaries/eng/ncd/k.html">K</a> <a href="/dictionaries/eng/ncd/l.html">L</a> <a href="/dictionaries/eng/ncd/m.html">M</a> <br /> <a href="/dictionaries/eng/ncd/n.html">N</a> <a href="/dictionaries/eng/ncd/o.html">O</a> <a href="/dictionaries/eng/ncd/p.html">P</a> <a href="/dictionaries/eng/ncd/q.html">Q</a> <a href="/dictionaries/eng/ncd/r.html">R</a> <a href="/dictionaries/eng/ncd/s.html">S</a> <a href="/dictionaries/eng/ncd/t.html">T</a> <a href="/dictionaries/eng/ncd/u.html">U</a> <a href="/dictionaries/eng/ncd/v.html">V</a> <a href="/dictionaries/eng/ncd/w.html">W</a> <a href="/dictionaries/eng/ncd/y.html">Y</a> <a href="/dictionaries/eng/ncd/z.html">Z</a> </div> <div class="mt20 center fs-17 h60 italic">&nbsp;&#160;&nbsp;<a href="/dictionaries/eng/ncd/j.html?pn=1">J&#160;&#8209;&#160Jam</a>&nbsp; &nbsp;&#9679;&nbsp;&#160;&nbsp;<a href="/dictionaries/eng/ncd/j.html?pn=2">Jam&#160;&#8209;&#160Jer</a>&nbsp; &nbsp;&#9679;&nbsp;&#160;&nbsp;<a href="/dictionaries/eng/ncd/j.html?pn=3">Jer&#160;&#8209;&#160Joh</a>&nbsp; &nbsp;&#9679;&nbsp;&#160;&nbsp;<a href="/dictionaries/eng/ncd/j.html?pn=4">Joh&#160;&#8209;&#160Joh</a>&nbsp; &nbsp;&#9679;&nbsp;&#160;&nbsp;<a href="/dictionaries/eng/ncd/j.html?pn=5">Joh&#160;&#8209;&#160Joh</a>&nbsp; &nbsp;&#9679;&nbsp;&#160;&nbsp;<a href="/dictionaries/eng/ncd/j.html?pn=6">Joh&#160;&#8209;&#160Jos</a>&nbsp; &nbsp;&#9679;&nbsp;&#160;&nbsp;<a href="/dictionaries/eng/ncd/j.html?pn=7">Jos&#160;&#8209;&#160Jul</a>&nbsp; &nbsp;&#9679;&nbsp;&#160;&nbsp;<a href="/dictionaries/eng/ncd/j.html?pn=8">Jul&#160;&#8209;&#160Juv</a>&nbsp; &nbsp; </div> </div> <div class="pagination mt20 fs-15 bl-light flexbox row wrap flexbox-row-wrap jc-end ai-baseline"><div>550 entries &bull; <a href="#" onclick="jumpto(); return false;" title="Click to jump to page&#133;">Page <strong>1</strong> of <strong>8</strong></a></div><div><span><a class="dark" href="/dictionaries/eng/ncd/j.html?pn=1&">1</a><span class="page-sep">, </span><a href="/dictionaries/eng/ncd/j.html?pn=2&">2</a><span class="page-sep">, </span><a href="/dictionaries/eng/ncd/j.html?pn=3&">3</a><span class="page-sep">, </span><a href="/dictionaries/eng/ncd/j.html?pn=4&">4</a><span class="page-sep">, </span>&#133;<a href="/dictionaries/eng/ncd/j.html?pn=8&">8</a></span></div></div><div class="entries mtlrb20"> <a href="/dictionaries/eng/ncd/j/jc.html">J.C.</a> <a href="/dictionaries/eng/ncd/j/jcd.html">J.C.D.</a> <a href="/dictionaries/eng/ncd/j/jmj.html">J.M.J.</a> <a href="/dictionaries/eng/ncd/j/jssr.html">J.SS.R.</a> <a href="/dictionaries/eng/ncd/j/jud.html">J.U.D.</a> <a href="/dictionaries/eng/ncd/j/jul.html">J.U.L.</a> <a href="/dictionaries/eng/ncd/j/jaccard-francis-blessed.html">Jaccard, Francis, Blessed</a> <a href="/dictionaries/eng/ncd/j/jackson-mississippi-diocese-of.html">Jackson, Mississippi, Diocese of</a> <a href="/dictionaries/eng/ncd/j/jacob.html">Jacob</a> <a href="/dictionaries/eng/ncd/j/jacobs-well.html">Jacob's Well</a> <a href="/dictionaries/eng/ncd/j/jacobins.html">Jacobins</a> <a href="/dictionaries/eng/ncd/j/jacopo-benedetti.html">Jacopo Benedetti</a> <a href="/dictionaries/eng/ncd/j/jacopo-benedicti.html">Jacopo Benedicti</a> <a href="/dictionaries/eng/ncd/j/jacopo-facciolati.html">Jacopo Facciolati</a> <a href="/dictionaries/eng/ncd/j/jacopone-da-todi.html">Jacopone Da Todi</a> <a href="/dictionaries/eng/ncd/j/jacques-binet.html">Jacques Binet</a> <a href="/dictionaries/eng/ncd/j/jacques-bossuet.html">Jacques Bossuet</a> <a href="/dictionaries/eng/ncd/j/jacques-brayas.html">Jacques Brayas</a> <a href="/dictionaries/eng/ncd/j/jacques-broglie.html">Jacques Broglie</a> <a href="/dictionaries/eng/ncd/j/jacques-buteux.html">Jacques Buteux</a> <a href="/dictionaries/eng/ncd/j/jacques-cartier.html">Jacques Cartier</a> <a href="/dictionaries/eng/ncd/j/jacques-clement.html">Jacques Clement</a> <a href="/dictionaries/eng/ncd/j/jacques-cractineau-joly.html">Jacques Cr茅tineau-Joly</a> <a href="/dictionaries/eng/ncd/j/jacques-deuse.html">Jacques D'euse</a> <a href="/dictionaries/eng/ncd/j/jacques-de-brisay.html">Jacques de Brisay</a> <a href="/dictionaries/eng/ncd/j/jacques-de-lamberville.html">Jacques de Lamberville</a> <a href="/dictionaries/eng/ncd/j/jacques-echard.html">Jacques Echard</a> <a href="/dictionaries/eng/ncd/j/jacques-emery.html">Jacques Emery</a> <a href="/dictionaries/eng/ncd/j/jacques-fremin.html">Jacques Fremin</a> <a href="/dictionaries/eng/ncd/j/jacques-marquette.html">Jacques Marquette</a> <a href="/dictionaries/eng/ncd/j/jacques-migne.html">Jacques Migne</a> <a href="/dictionaries/eng/ncd/j/jacques-monsabrac.html">Jacques Monsabr茅</a> <a href="/dictionaries/eng/ncd/j/jacques-ozanam.html">Jacques Ozanam</a> <a href="/dictionaries/eng/ncd/j/jaffna-sri-lanka-diocese-of.html">Jaffna, Sri Lanka, Diocese of</a> <a href="/dictionaries/eng/ncd/j/jahveh.html">Jahveh</a> <a href="/dictionaries/eng/ncd/j/jahweh.html">Jahweh</a> <a href="/dictionaries/eng/ncd/j/jainism.html">Jainism</a> <a href="/dictionaries/eng/ncd/j/jair.html">Jair</a> <a href="/dictionaries/eng/ncd/j/jairus-daughter-of.html">Jairus, Daughter of</a> <a href="/dictionaries/eng/ncd/j/jakob-behmen.html">Jakob Behmen</a> <a href="/dictionaries/eng/ncd/j/jakob-boehme.html">Jakob Boehme</a> <a href="/dictionaries/eng/ncd/j/jam-christus-astra-ascenderat.html">Jam Christus Astra Ascenderat</a> <a href="/dictionaries/eng/ncd/j/jam-morte-victor-obruta.html">Jam Morte Victor Obruta</a> <a href="/dictionaries/eng/ncd/j/jam-sol-recedit-igneus.html">Jam Sol Recedit Igneus</a> <a href="/dictionaries/eng/ncd/j/jam-toto-subitus-vesper-eat-polo.html">Jam Toto Subitus Vesper Eat Polo</a> <a href="/dictionaries/eng/ncd/j/jamaica.html">Jamaica</a> <a href="/dictionaries/eng/ncd/j/james-campbell.html">James Campbell</a> <a href="/dictionaries/eng/ncd/j/james-dana.html">James Dana</a> <a href="/dictionaries/eng/ncd/j/james-doyle.html">James Doyle</a> <a href="/dictionaries/eng/ncd/j/james-fitton.html">James Fitton</a> <a href="/dictionaries/eng/ncd/j/james-gibbons.html">James Gibbons</a> <a href="/dictionaries/eng/ncd/j/james-hope-scott.html">James Hope-Scott</a> <a href="/dictionaries/eng/ncd/j/james-hudson-blessed.html">James Hudson, Blessed</a> <a href="/dictionaries/eng/ncd/j/james-ii.html">James II</a> <a href="/dictionaries/eng/ncd/j/james-joule.html">James Joule</a> <a href="/dictionaries/eng/ncd/j/james-lainez.html">James Lainez</a> <a href="/dictionaries/eng/ncd/j/james-longstreet.html">James Longstreet</a> <a href="/dictionaries/eng/ncd/j/james-mangan.html">James Mangan</a> <a href="/dictionaries/eng/ncd/j/james-maxwell.html">James Maxwell</a> <a href="/dictionaries/eng/ncd/j/james-morison.html">James Morison</a> <a href="/dictionaries/eng/ncd/j/james-moyes.html">James Moyes</a> <a href="/dictionaries/eng/ncd/j/james-northcote.html">James Northcote</a> <a href="/dictionaries/eng/ncd/j/james-nugent.html">James Nugent</a> <a href="/dictionaries/eng/ncd/j/james-of-viraggio-blessed.html">James of Viraggio, Blessed</a> <a href="/dictionaries/eng/ncd/j/james-paget.html">James Paget</a> <a href="/dictionaries/eng/ncd/j/james-randall.html">James Randall</a> <a href="/dictionaries/eng/ncd/j/james-robertson.html">James Robertson</a> <a href="/dictionaries/eng/ncd/j/james-sands.html">James Sands</a> <a href="/dictionaries/eng/ncd/j/james-simpson.html">James Simpson</a> <a href="/dictionaries/eng/ncd/j/james-the-greater-saint.html">James the Greater, Saint</a> <a href="/dictionaries/eng/ncd/j/james-the-less-saint.html">James the Less, Saint</a> <a href="/dictionaries/eng/ncd/j/james-thompson-blessed.html">James Thompson, Blessed</a> <a href="/dictionaries/eng/ncd/j/james-walworth-blessed.html">James Walworth, Blessed</a> <a href="/dictionaries/eng/ncd/j/james-epistle-of-saint.html">James, Epistle of Saint</a> <a href="/dictionaries/eng/ncd/j/james-liturgy-of-saint.html">James, Liturgy of Saint</a> </div> <div class="pagination mt20 fs-15 flexbox row wrap flexbox-row-wrap jc-end ai-baseline"><div>550 entries &bull; <a href="#" onclick="jumpto(); return false;" title="Click to jump to page&#133;">Page <strong>1</strong> of <strong>8</strong></a></div><div><span><a class="dark" href="/dictionaries/eng/ncd/j.html?pn=1&">1</a><span class="page-sep">, </span><a href="/dictionaries/eng/ncd/j.html?pn=2&">2</a><span class="page-sep">, </span><a href="/dictionaries/eng/ncd/j.html?pn=3&">3</a><span class="page-sep">, </span><a href="/dictionaries/eng/ncd/j.html?pn=4&">4</a><span class="page-sep">, </span>&#133;<a href="/dictionaries/eng/ncd/j.html?pn=8&">8</a></span></div></div><div class="fs-15 tl-light mt5" align=left> <p>Welcome to the '1910 New Catholic Dictionary', one of the dictionaries resources FREELY available on StudyLight.org!</p> <p>Containing 12,958 entries cross-referenced and cross-linked to other resources on StudyLight.org, this resource can be classified as a required reference book for any good study library.</p> <p>This dictionary contains not only definitions and explanations of every subject in Religion, Scripture, tradition, doctrine, morals, sacraments, rites, customs, devotions and symbolism, but also accounts of the Church in every continent, country, diocese; missions, notable Catholic centers, cities, and places with religious names; religious orders, church societies, sects and false religions. It has brief articles also on historical events and personages, on the Old Testament and New, and on popes, prelates, priests, men and women of distinction, showing what the Church has done for civilization and correcting many errors which have hitherto passed for history.</p> <p>All scripture references and reference to other entries within the text have been linked. To use this resource to it's full potential, follow all the links presented within the text of the entry you are reading.</p> <!--<p>StudyLight relies on cutting-edge technology to enhance your experience through our 'AutoSuggest' feature. To activate this feature you must be using: <a href="http://www.apple.com/safari/">Apple Safari</a>, <a href="http://www.google.com/chrome/">Google Chrome</a>, <a href="http://www.mozilla.org/products/firefox/">Firefox</a>, <a href="http://www.opera.com/">Opera</a> and <a href="http://www.microsoft.com/">Microsoft Edge</a> or a more recent version of any of these. This feature allows you to start typing your query in the search box. Beginning with the second letter typed, our system will display a drop-down list of suggestions that are found in this resource. Click an entry displayed in the drop-down box and then the 'find' button to view that entry.</p>--> <p>If you find a link that doesn't work correctly, please use our convenient <a href="/info/contact.cgi">contact form</a>. Please tell us the reference work title, entry title and/or number (this can be found in the address line), and a brief description of the error found. We will review and make corrections where needed.</p> <p>You can also use this form if you have any suggestions about how to improve the usability of this resource.</p> </div><div class="copyright"> <span class="copyright-title">Copyright Statement</span><br>These files are public domain.<br />Text Courtesy of <a href="http://www.biblesupport.com/">BibleSupport.com</a>. Used by Permission. </div> <div class="clearfix"></div> </div> <!-- End Content Section --> <!-- Begin Bottom Advert --> <div class="adsfree-client-hide adzone-bottom"> <!-- Tag ID: studylight_leaderboard_bottom --> <div align="center" data-freestar-ad="__320x100 __336x280" id="studylight_leaderboard_bottom"> <script data-cfasync="false" type="text/javascript">if (localStorage.getItem("adsfree-subscriber")!=="1"){freestar.config.enabled_slots.push({placementName:"studylight_leaderboard_bottom",slotId:"studylight_leaderboard_bottom"});}</script> </div> </div> <!-- End Bottom Advert --> <!-- Begin Footer --> <div class="footer"> <div class="footer-links"><a href="/site-resources/termsofuse.html">terms&#160;of&#160;use</a> &bull; <a href="/site-resources/privacy-policy.html">privacy&#160;policy</a> &bull; <button id="pmLink">Privacy Manager</button> &bull; <a href="/site-resources/rights-and-permissions.html">rights&#160;and&#160;permissions</a> &bull; <a href="/site-resources/contact-sl.html">contact&#160;sl</a> &bull; <a href="/site-resources/about.html">about&#160;sl</a> &bull; <a href="/site-resources/custom-search-plugins.html">link&#160;to&#160;sl</a></div> <div class="footer-report">To report dead links, typos, or html errors or suggestions about making these resources more useful use the convenient <a href="/site-resources/contact-sl.html">contact form</a></div> <div class="footer-copyright"> <div><a href="/">StudyLight.org &copy;&#160;2001-2022</a></div> <div>Powered by Light<em>speed</em> Technology</div> </div> </div> <div style="height:100px">&nbsp;</div> <!-- End Footer --> </div> <div class="adsfree-button" style="position:fixed;left:20px"><img class="adsfree-icon" alt="adsfree-icon" src="data:image/png;base64,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"><br><span class="adsfree-client-hide">Ads Free</span><span class="adsfree-client-show">Profile</span></div> <style> .sub-menu{font-size:12px;padding:10px 0;max-width:1260px;width:100%;background-color:#f7f7f7;color:#6b6b6b;border-bottom:5px solid #6b6b6b;display:flex;flex-direction:column;flex-wrap:nowrap;position:absolute;z-index:9998} .sub-menu .menu-group{width:90%;margin:0 5px 0;padding:0 5px 0;border-right:1px solid #6b6b6b} .sub-menu .menu-group-spacer{display:none} .sub-menu .menu-name{font-size:15px;font-weight:bold;color:#deac27} .sub-menu .menu-name a{color:#deac27} .sub-menu .menu-ul li a{color:#6b6b6b;} .sub-menu .menu-ul li:hover{color:#DD8000} .search-button{background-color:#6b6b6b;color:#fff;border:1px solid #6b6b6b;-webkit-appearance:square-button;padding:0 5px;font-size:13px} .int-search-div{display:flex;flex-direction:row;margin-top:10px;flex-wrap:nowrap;width:90%} .int-search-div .int-s-query{border:1px solid #dadada;font-size:13px;padding:0 5px 0;margin-right:5px;width:30%;height:30px;flex:1 1 90%} .int-search-div .int-s-button{width:50px;height:30px;flex:0 0 50px} .int-selections-div{display:flex;flex-direction:row;flex-wrap:nowrap;width:90%;margin-bottom:20px} .int-selections-div .int-s-section{border:1px solid #dadada;color:#6b6b6b;font-size:13px;margin:5px 5px 0 0;width:70px;height:30px;flex:1 1 50%} .int-selections-div .int-s-translation{border:1px solid #dadada;color:#6b6b6b;font-size:13px;margin-top:5px;padding:2px;width:40%;height:30px;flex:1 1 40%} .lex-search-div{display:flex;flex-direction:row;flex-wrap:nowrap;width:100%} .lex-search-div .lex-s-query{border:1px solid #dadada;width:95%;height:30px;font-size:13px;padding:5px;margin-right:5px} .lex-search-div .lex-s-range{border:1px solid #dadada;color:#6b6b6b;height:30px;font-size:13px;margin-right:5px;width:100px} .lex-search-languages{width:95%;font-size:11px;display:flex;flex-direction:row;flex-wrap:nowrap;justify-content:flex-start;margin-top:5px} .ill-quo-div{display:flex;flex-direction:row;flex-wrap:wrap;width:100%;margin-top:10px} .ill-quo-s-query{font-size:15px;color:#6b6b6b;padding:0 10px 0;border:1px solid #dadada;height:30px;width:100px;margin-right:5px;flex:1 1 auto} .ill-quo-s-select{border:1px solid #dadada;color:#6b6b6b;padding:5px;height:30px;margin-right:5px} .clickable{cursor:pointer} ia, qa{cursor:pointer;margin:0 4px; line-height:25px} @media only screen and (max-width: 899px) { .sub-menu{height:65%;overflow:scroll} .sub-menu .menu-group, .sub-menu .menu-group:first-child{border-right:0} .sub-menu .part2{margin-top:-24px} .sub-menu .menu-group .menu-ul{width:100%;display:flex;flex-direction:row;flex-wrap:wrap;justify-content:flex-start} .sub-menu .menu-group .menu-ul li{list-style:disc;list-style-position:outside;padding:0 15px 5px 0;flex-grow:0;flex-basis:50%} } @media only screen and (min-width: 900px) { .sub-menu{flex-direction:row;flex-wrap:nowrap;justify-content:space-between} .sub-menu .part2{padding-top:18px;margin-top:0} .sub-menu .menu-group:last-child{border-right:0} .sub-menu .menu-group-spacer {border-right:1px solid #6b6b6b;padding:5px 0} .sub-menu .menu-ul{width:100%} .sub-menu .menu-ul li{list-style:disc;list-style-position:outside;padding:0 15px 5px 0} .lex-search-div{width:95%} .lex-search-div .lex-s-range{width:70px} } </style> <div class="tools sub-menu" style="display:none;"> <div class="menu-group"> <div class="menu-name"><a name="Bible Commentary" href="/commentaries.html">Bible Commentaries</a>&nbsp;<span style="font-size:12px;">(144)</span></div> <ul class="menu-ul"> <li><a href="/commentary.html">Verse&#8209;by&#8209;Verse&#160;Commentary</a></li> <li><a href="/commentaries/eng/bcc.html">Burton Coffman Commentaries</a></li> <li><a href="/commentaries/eng/acc.html">Adam Clarke Commentary</a></li> <li><a href="/commentaries/eng/bnb.html">Albert Barnes' Notes</a></li> <li><a href="/commentaries/eng/geb.html">John Gill's Exposition</a></li> <li><a href="/commentaries/eng.html">Complete List of 144</a></li> </ul> </div> <div class="menu-group-spacer"></div> <div class="menu-group"> <div class="menu-name"><a name="Bible Concordance" href="/concordances.html">Bible Concordances</a>&nbsp;<span style="font-size:12px;">(6)</span></div> <ul class="menu-ul"> <li><a href="/concordances/eng/tcr.html">Thompson Chain Reference</a></li> <li><a href="/concordances/eng/ntb.html">Nave's Topical Bible</a></li> <li><a href="/concordances/eng/top.html">The Topical Concordances</a></li> <li><a href="/concordances/eng/ttt.html">Torrey's Topical Textbook</a></li> <li><a href="/concordances/eng/sri.html">Scofield Reference Index</a></li> <li><a href="/concordances/eng/tsk.html">Treasury of Scripture Knowledge</a></li> </ul> </div> <div class="menu-group-spacer"></div> <div class="menu-group"> <div class="menu-name"><a name="Bible Dictionary" href="/dictionaries.html">Bible Dictionaries</a>&nbsp;<span style="font-size:12px;">(26)</span></div> <ul class="menu-ul"> <li><a href="/dictionaries/eng/ved.html">Vine's Expository Dictionary</a></li> <li><a href="/dictionaries/eng/hbd.html">Holman Bible Dictionary</a></li> <li><a href="/dictionaries/eng/bed.html">Baker's Evangelical Dictionary</a></li> <li><a href="/dictionaries/eng/kjd.html">King James Dictionary</a></li> <li><a href="/dictionaries/eng/sbd.html">Smith's Bible Dictionary</a></li> <li><a href="/dictionaries.html">Complete List of 26</a></li> </ul> </div> <div class="menu-group-spacer"></div> <div class="menu-group"> <div class="menu-name"><a name="Bible Encyclopedia" href="/encyclopedias.html">Bible Encyclopedias</a>&nbsp;<span style="font-size:12px;">(7)</span></div> <ul class="menu-ul"> <li><a href="/encyclopedias/eng/isb.html">Int Standard Bible Encyclopedia</a></li> <li><a href="/encyclopedias/eng/nut.html">The Nuttall Encyclopedia</a></li> <li><a href="/encyclopedias/eng/tje.html">The 1901 Jewish Encylopedia</a></li> <li><a href="/encyclopedias/eng/tce.html">The Catholic Encyclopedia</a></li> <li><a href="/encyclopedias/eng/kbe.html">Kitto's Bible Cyclopedia</a></li> <li><a href="/encyclopedias.html">Complete List of 7</a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div class="lang sub-menu" style="display:none;"> <div class="menu-group"> <div class="menu-name"><a href="/interlinear-study-bible.html">Interlinear Study Bible</a></div> <ul class="menu-ul"> <li><a href="/interlinear-study-bible/hebrew.html">Hebrew Old Testament</a></li> <li><a href="/interlinear-study-bible/greek.html">Greek Old and New Testament</a></li> </ul> <div class="menu-name"><a class="int-s-url" href="/study-desk/interlinear.html">Strong's Interlinear Search</a></div> <div class="int-search-div"> <input type="text" class="int-s-query text-box" name="q1" placeholder="Enter your query!"> <input type="button" class="int-s-button search-button" value="Go!"> </div> <div class="int-selections-div"> <select title="General Search Range" name="ss" class="int-s-section sec-select"> <option value="0" selected="">Whole Bible</option> <option value="1">----------------</option> <option value="1">Old Testament</option> <option value="2">New Testament</option> <option value="3">----------------</option> <option value="3">Books of Law</option> <option value="4">Books of History</option> <option value="5">Books of Wisdom</option> <option value="6">Major Prophets</option> <option value="7">Minor Prophets</option> <option value="8">The Gospels</option> <option value="9">Pauline Epistles</option> <option value="10">General Epistles</option> <option value="11">Apocalyptic Books</option> </select> <select title="Interlinear Translation" name="t3" class="int-s-translation"> <option data-range="3" value="eng_nas">NASB</option> <option data-range="3" value="eng_kjv">KJV</option> <option data-range="3" value="eng_hcs">HCS</option> <option data-range="3" value="eng_esv">ESV</option> <option data-range="3" value="eng_bsb">BSB</option> <option data-range="3" value="eng_web">WEB</option> </select> </div> </div> <div class="menu-group-spacer"></div> <div class="menu-group"> <div class="menu-name"><a name="Bible Lexicon" href="/lexicons.html">Bible Lexicons</a>&nbsp;<span style="font-size:12px;">(3)</span></div> <ul class="menu-ul"> <li><a href="/lexicons/eng/greek.html">Old Testament/ New Testament Greek</a></li> <li><a href="/lexicons/eng/hebrew.html">Old Testament Hebrew</a></li> <li><a href="/lexicons/eng/aramaic.html">New Testament Aramaic</a></li> </ul> <form enctype="application/x-www-form-urlencoded" action="/lexicons.html" method="get" id="lexical-search"> <div style="padding-top:10px;"> <div class="lex-search-div"> <input type="text" autocomplete="off" class="lex-s-query" id="w" name="w" placeholder="Enter word or Strongs #" value=""><select title="Lexical Search Range" name="range" class="lex-s-range"><option value="tra">Translated As</option><option value="beg">Begins With</option><option value="con">Containing</option><option value="end">Ends With</option><option value="exa">Exact matching</option></select><input type="button" class="lex-s-button search-button" style="height:30px;width:30px;flex:0 0 40px;" value="Go!"> </div> <input type="hidden" name="action" value="search"> <div class="lex-search-languages"> <label class="clickable"><input style="margin-left:5px" type="radio" checked="checked" name="res" value="greek" />&#160;Greek</label> &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; <label class="clickable"><input style="margin-left:5px" type="radio" name="res" value="hebrew" />&#160;Hebrew</label> &nbsp; &nbsp; <label class="clickable"><input style="margin-left:5px" type="radio" name="res" value="aramaic" />&#160;Aramaic</label> </div> </div> </form> </div> <div class="menu-group-spacer"></div> <div class="menu-group"> <div class="menu-name"><a name="Original Language Word Studies" href="/language-studies.html">Original Language Studies</a>&nbsp;<span style="font-size:12px;">(4)</span></div> <ul class="menu-ul"> <li><a href="/language-studies/greek-thoughts.html">Bill Klein's "Greek Thoughts"</a></li> <li><a href="/language-studies/hebrew-thoughts.html">Charles Loder's "Hebrew Thoughts"</a></li> <li><a href="/language-studies/aramaic-thoughts.html">Benjamin Shaw's "Aramaic Thoughts"</a></li> <li><a href="/language-studies/difficult-sayings.html">KJ Went's "Difficult Sayings"</a></li> </ul> </div> <div class="menu-group-spacer"></div> <div class="menu-group"> <div class="menu-name"><a name="Additional Lexical Resources" href="/lexicons.html">Additional Lexical Resources</a></div> <ul class="menu-ul"> <li><a href="/lexicons/eng/berry.html">Berry's NT Synonyms</a></li> <li><a href="/lexicons/eng/girdlestone.html">Girdlestone's OT Synonyms</a></li> <li><a href="/lexicons/eng/trench.html">Trench's NT Synonyms</a></li> <li><a href="/lexicons/eng/gesenius.html">Gesenius' Hebrew Grammar</a></li> <li><a href="/lexicons/eng/bullinger.html">Bullinger's Figures of Speech</a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div class="hist sub-menu" style="display:none;"> <div class="menu-group"> <div class="menu-name"><a name="Before Christ" href="/historical-writings/before-christ.html">B.C. (Before Christ)</a></div> <ul class="menu-ul"> <li><a href="/historical-writings/before-christ/alfred-edersheim/bible-history-old-testament.html">Bible History, Old Testament</a></li> <li><a href="/historical-writings/before-christ/alfred-edersheim/sketches-of-jewish-social-life.html">Sketches of Jewish Social Life</a></li> <li><a href="/historical-writings/before-christ/alfred-edersheim/the-temple-its-ministry-and-service.html">The Temple - Its Ministry and Service</a></li> <li><a href="/historical-writings/before-christ/flavius-josephus.html">The Works of Flavius Josephus</a></li> </ul> </div> <div class="menu-group-spacer"></div> <div class="menu-group"> <div class="menu-name"><a name="Anno Domini" href="/historical-writings/anno-domini.html">A.D. (Anno Domini)</a></div> <ul class="menu-ul"> <li><a href="/historical-writings/anno-domini/alfred-edersheim/the-life-and-times-of-jesus-the-messiah.html">The Life and Times of Jesus the Messiah</a></li> <li><a href="/historical-writings/anno-domini/john-foxe/foxes-book-of-martyrs.html">John Foxe's "Book of Martyrs"</a></li> </ul> </div> <div class="menu-group-spacer"></div> <div class="menu-group"> <div class="menu-name">History By Category</div> <ul class="menu-ul"> <li><a href="/historical-writings/annals.html">Ussher's "The Annals of the World"</a></li> <li><a href="/historical-writings/creeds-and-confessions/creeds-and-statements.html">Creeds and Statements</a></li> <li><a href="/historical-writings/creeds-and-confessions/confessions.html">Confession</a></li> <li><a href="/historical-writings/creeds-and-confessions/catechisms.html">Catechisms</a></li> <li><a href="/historical-writings/today-in-christian-history.html">Today in Christian History</a></li> </ul> </div> <div class="menu-group-spacer"></div> <div class="menu-group"> <div class="menu-name"><a name="Church and Denominational History" href="/history/church-and-denominational.html">Church and Denominational History</a></div> <ul class="menu-ul"> <li><a href="/historical-writings/church-and-denominational/joseph-edmund-hutton/a-history-of-the-moravian-church.html">History of the Moravian Church</a></li> <li><a href="/historical-writings/church-and-denominational/rev-james-maccaffrey/history-of-the-catholic-church.html">History of the Catholic Church</a></li> <li><a href="/historical-writings/church-and-denominational/james-craigie-robertson/sketches-of-church-history.html">Sketches of Church History</a></li> <li><a href="/historical-writings/church-and-denominational/james-aitken-wylie/the-history-of-protestantism.html">The History of Protestism</a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div class="pas sub-menu" style="display:none;"> <div class="menu-group"> <div class="menu-name"><a name="Sermon Illustrations Archive" href="/pastoral-resources/sermon-illustrations-archive.html">Sermon Illustrations Archive</a></div> <form method="get" action="/pastoral-resources/sermon-illustrations-archive.html"> <div class="ill-quo-div"> <input type="text" class="ill-quo-s-query" style="flex:1 1 auto" name="q" placeholder="Enter your Search!"><select title="Illustration Scope" name="t" class="ill-quo-s-select"><option value="body">Illustration</option><option value="title">Title</option></select><input type="hidden" name="a" value="search"><input type="submit" class="search-button" style="height:30px" value="Go!"> </div> </form> <div style="text-align:center;margin-top:10px;font-size:13px">or browse by:</div> <div style="text-align:center;margin:10px 10px 0 0;font-size:13px;font-weight:bold"><ia>A</ia> <ia>B</ia> <ia>C</ia> <ia>D</ia> <ia>E</ia> <ia>F</ia> <ia>G</ia> <ia>H</ia> <ia>I</ia> <ia>J</ia> <ia>K</ia> <ia>L</ia> <ia>M</ia> <ia>N</ia> <ia>O</ia> <ia>P</ia> <ia>Q</ia> <ia>R</ia> <ia>S</ia> <ia>T</ia> <ia>U</ia> <ia>V</ia> <ia>W</ia> <ia>X</ia> <ia>Y</ia> <ia>Z</ia></div> </div> <div class="menu-group-spacer"></div> <div class="menu-group w-350"> <div class="menu-name"><a name="Sermon Quotations Archive" href="/pastoral-resources/sermon-quotations-archive.html">Sermon Quotations Archive</a></div> <form method="get" action="/pastoral-resources/sermon-quotations-archive.html"> <div class="ill-quo-div"> <input type="text" class="ill-quo-s-query" style="flex:1 1 auto" name="q" placeholder="Enter your Search!"><select title="Sermon Quotations Search Scope" name="t" class="ill-quo-s-select"><option value="quote">Quote</option><option value="author">Author</option></select><input type="hidden" name="a" value="search"><input type="submit" class="search-button" style="height:30px" value="Go!"> </div> </form> <div style="text-align:center;margin-top:10px;font-size:13px">or browse by:</div> <div style="text-align:center;margin:10px 10px 0 0;font-size:13px;font-weight:bold"><qa>A</qa> <qa>B</qa> <qa>C</qa> <qa>D</qa> <qa>E</qa> <qa>F</qa> <qa>G</qa> <qa>H</qa> <qa>I</qa> <qa>J</qa> <qa>K</qa> <qa>L</qa> <qa>M</qa> <qa>N</qa> <qa>O</qa> <qa>P</qa> <qa>Q</qa> <qa>R</qa> <qa>S</qa> <qa>T</qa> <qa>U</qa> <qa>V</qa> <qa>W</qa> <qa>X</qa> <qa>Y</qa> <qa>Z</qa></div> </div> <div class="menu-group-spacer"></div> <div class="menu-group w-200"> <div class="menu-name"><a name="Additional Resources" href="/pastoral-resources.html">Additional Resources</a></div> <ul class="menu-ul"> <li><a href="/pastoral-resources/sunday-bulletin-inserts.html">Sunday Bulletin Inserts</a></li> <li><a href="/pastoral-resources/gustave-dore-illustrations.html">Gustave Dor&eacute;'s Illustrations</a></li> <li><a href="/pastoral-resources/bible-maps-archive.html">Bible Maps Archive</a></li> <li><a href="/pastoral-resources/powerpoint-bible-maps.html">PowerPoint Bible Maps</a></li> <li><a href="/pastoral-resources/bible-in-pictures.html">The Bible in Pictures</a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div class="per sub-menu" style="display:none;"> <div class="menu-group"> <div class="menu-name">Personalized Reading Plan</div> <ul class="menu-ul"> <li><a href="/reading-plans/personalized-reading-plan.html">Create a personalized plan</a></li> </ul> <div class="menu-name">Daily Reading Plans&nbsp;<span style="font-size:12px;">(7)</span></div> <ul class="menu-ul"> <li><a href="/reading-plans/daily-reading-plan.html?p=sl">Bible-in-a-Year</a></li> <li><a href="/reading-plans/daily-reading-plan.html?p=st">Straight Thru the Bible</a></li> <li><a href="/reading-plans/daily-reading-plan.html?p=dt">Different Topics</a></li> <li><a href="/reading-plans/daily-reading-plan.html?p=co">Chronological Order</a></li> <li><a href="/reading-plans/daily-reading-plan.html?p=ho">Historical Order</a></li> <li><a href="/reading-plans/daily-reading-plan.html?p=dl">NT, Psalms & Proverbs</a></li> <li><a href="/reading-plans/daily-reading-plan.html?p=ot">Old & New Testament</a></li> </ul> </div> <div class="menu-group-spacer"></div> <div class="menu-group"> <div class="menu-name"><a name="Daily Devotionals" href="/daily-devotionals.html">Daily Devotionals</a></div> <ul class="menu-ul"> <li><a href="/daily-devotionals/eng/csr.html">Chip Shots from the Ruff of Life</a></li> <li><a href="/daily-devotionals/eng/toz.html">Morning and Evening with Tozer</a></li> <li><a href="/daily-devotionals/eng/votl.html">Voice of the Lord</a></li> <li><a href="/daily-devotionals/eng/edl.html">'Every Day Light'</a></li> <li><a href="/daily-devotionals/eng/mfs.html">Music For the Soul</a></li> <li><a href="/daily-devotionals/eng/rem.html">The Believer's Daily Remembrancer</a></li> <li><a href="/daily-devotionals/eng/dlp.html">Daily Light on the Daily Path</a></li> <li><a href="/daily-devotionals/eng/fcb.html">Spurgeon's "Faith's Checkbook"</a></li> <li><a href="/daily-devotionals/eng/mae.html">Spurgeon's "Morning & Evening"</a></li> <li><a href="/daily-devotionals/eng/tlb.html">Truths to Live By - One Day at a Time</a></li> </ul> </div> <div class="menu-group-spacer"></div> <div class="menu-group part2"> <ul class="menu-ul"> <li><a href="/daily-devotionals/eng/bdm.html">Bowen's Daily Meditations</a></li> <li><a href="/daily-devotionals/eng/dhb.html">Devotional Hours Within the Bible</a></li> <li><a href="/daily-devotionals/eng/rem.html">The Believer's Daily Remembrancer</a></li> <li><a href="/daily-devotionals/eng/dlp.html">Daily Light on the Daily Path</a></li> <li><a href="/daily-devotionals/eng/fcb.html">Spurgeon's "Faith's Checkbook"</a></li> <li><a href="/daily-devotionals/eng/mae.html">Spurgeon's "Morning & Evening"</a></li> <li><a href="/daily-devotionals/eng/tlb.html">Truths to Live By - One Day at a Time</a></li> <li><a href="/daily-devotionals/eng/bdm.html">Bowen's Daily Meditations</a></li> <li><a href="/daily-devotionals/eng/dhb.html">Devotional Hours Within the Bible</a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div class="site sub-menu" style="display:none;"> <div class="menu-group"> <div class="menu-name"><a name="Site Tools" href="/site-resources.html">Site Tools</a></div> <ul class="menu-ul"> <li><a href="/site-resources/preferences.html">Manage My Preferences</a></li> <li><a href="/site-resources/reset-password.html">Reset My Password</a></li> <li><a href="/site-resources/update-email-address.html">Update My Email Address</a></li> <li><a href="/site-resources/subscription-lists.html">Manage My Subscriptions</a></li> </ul> </div> <div class="menu-group-spacer"></div> <div class="menu-group"> <div class="menu-name"><a name="Site Info" href="/site-resources.html">Site Info</a></div> <ul class="menu-ul"> <li><a href="/site-resources/about-sl.html">About SL</a></li> <li><a href="/site-resources/contact-sl.html">Contact SL</a></li> <li><a href="/site-resources/copyright-statements.html">Copyright Statements</a></li> <li><a href="/site-resources/statement-of-faith.html">Statement of Faith</a></li> <li><a href="/site-resources/rights-and-permissions.html">Rights and Permissions</a></li> <li><a href="/site-resources/privacy-policy.html">Privacy Policy</a></li> <li><a href="/site-resources/terms-of-use.html">Terms of Use</a></li> </ul> </div> <div class="menu-group-spacer"></div> <div class="menu-group"> <div class="menu-name"><a name="Additional Features" href="/site-resources.html">Additional Features</a></div> <ul class="menu-ul"> <li><a href="/site-resources/bulletin-insert.html">Bulletin Insert</a></li> <li><a href="/site-resources/font-resources.html">Font Resources</a></li> <li><a href="/site-resources/custom-search-plugins.html">Custom Search Plugins</a></li> </ul> </div> <div class="menu-group-spacer"></div> <div class="menu-group"> <div class="menu-name"><a name="Multi-Media Center" href="/multi-media.html">Multi-Media Center</a></div> <ul class="menu-ul"> <li><a href="/multi-media/audio/bibles.html">Audio Bibles</a><br />&nbsp; &nbsp; <a href="/multi-media/audio/bibles/eng/esv.html">ESV</a> &bull; <a href="/multi-media/audio/bibles/eng/kjv.html">KJV</a> &bull; <a href="/multi-media/audio/bibles/eng/nas.html">NAS</a>&nbsp; &bull; &nbsp;<a href="/multi-media/audio/bibles/eng/niv.html">NIV</a>&nbsp; &bull; &nbsp;<a href="/multi-media/audio/bibles/eng/nlt.html">NLT</a>&nbsp; &bull; &nbsp;<a href="/multi-media/audio/bibles/eng/nrs.html">NRS</a>&nbsp; &bull; &nbsp;<a href="/multi-media/audio/bibles/eng/web.html">WEB</a></li> <!-- <li><a href="/multi-media/video/bibles.html">Video Bibles</a><br /><a href="/multi-media/video/bibles/eng/asl.html">ASL</a></li> <li><a href="/multi-media/audio/commentaries.html">Audio Commentaries</a><br /><a href="/multi-media/audio/commentaries/eng/ttb.html">TTB</a></li> --> </ul> </div> </div> <script>document.addEventListener("DOMContentLoaded",function(){document.querySelectorAll("qa").forEach(function(e){e.addEventListener("click",function(){document.location.href="/pastoral-resources/sermon-quotations-archive/"+this.textContent.toLowerCase()+".html"})}),document.querySelectorAll("ia").forEach(function(e){e.addEventListener("click",function(){document.location.href="/pastoral-resources/sermon-illustrations-archive/"+this.textContent.toLowerCase()+".html"})}),document.querySelector(".lex-s-button").addEventListener("click",function(){var e=document.querySelector("input[name=res]:checked"),t=e?e.value:"",n=document.querySelector(".lex-s-query").value,e=document.querySelector(".lex-s-range option:checked").value;window.location.href="/lexicons/eng/"+t+".html?action=search&ol="+t+"&w="+encodeURIComponent(n)+"&range="+encodeURIComponent(e)}),document.querySelector(".int-s-button").addEventListener("click",function(){var e=document.querySelector(".int-s-url").getAttribute("href")+"?q1="+encodeURIComponent(document.querySelector(".int-s-query").value)+"&tr3="+encodeURIComponent(document.querySelector(".int-s-translation").value)+"&ss="+encodeURIComponent(document.querySelector(".int-s-section").value);window.location.href=e})});</script> <script>(function(){function c(){var b=a.contentDocument||a.contentWindow.document;if(b){var d=b.createElement('script');d.innerHTML="window.__CF$cv$params={r:'8e9aaac7cab9601a',t:'MTczMjgwMDE1MC4wMDAwMDA='};var a=document.createElement('script');a.nonce='';a.src='/cdn-cgi/challenge-platform/scripts/jsd/main.js';document.getElementsByTagName('head')[0].appendChild(a);";b.getElementsByTagName('head')[0].appendChild(d)}}if(document.body){var a=document.createElement('iframe');a.height=1;a.width=1;a.style.position='absolute';a.style.top=0;a.style.left=0;a.style.border='none';a.style.visibility='hidden';document.body.appendChild(a);if('loading'!==document.readyState)c();else if(window.addEventListener)document.addEventListener('DOMContentLoaded',c);else{var e=document.onreadystatechange||function(){};document.onreadystatechange=function(b){e(b);'loading'!==document.readyState&&(document.onreadystatechange=e,c())}}}})();</script></body> <script defer>(function(i,s,o,g,r,a,m){i['GoogleAnalyticsObject']=r;i[r]=i[r]||function(){(i[r].q=i[r].q||[]).push(arguments)},i[r].l=1*new Date();a=s.createElement(o),m=s.getElementsByTagName(o)[0];a.async=1;a.src=g;m.parentNode.insertBefore(a,m)})(window,document,'script','//www.google-analytics.com/analytics.js','ga');ga('create','UA-12370397-1','studylight.org');ga('send','pageview');window.dataLayer=window.dataLayer||[];function gtag(){dataLayer.push(arguments);}gtag('js',new Date());gtag('config','G-4V2WYZZ2JS');</script> <script src="https://code.jquery.com/jquery-3.6.0.min.js" integrity="sha256-/xUj+3OJU5yExlq6GSYGSHk7tPXikynS7ogEvDej/m4=" crossorigin="anonymous"></script> <script>var value=localStorage.getItem("adsfree-subscriber"),stripe_status='live',isEqualToOne="1"===value;window.onload = function() {af_script=document.createElement("script"),af_script.src=isEqualToOne?"https://www.studylight.org/jscripts/adsfree-profile.js?v=1.4.3":"https://www.studylight.org/jscripts/adsfree-login.js?v=1.4.3",document.getElementsByTagName("head")[0].appendChild(af_script)}</script> <!-- Start of Additional Javascript Code --> <script language="javascript" type="text/javascript"> var base_url="/dictionaries/eng/ncd/j.html";-1==base_url.indexOf("?")&&(base_url+="?pn=1"),-1==base_url.indexOf("pn=")&&(base_url+="&pn=1");var jump_page="Enter the page number you wish to go to:",on_page="1",max_page="8"; function jumpto(){var e=prompt(jump_page,on_page);if(null!==e&&!isNaN(e)&&0<e&&e<=max_page)document.location.href=base_url.replace(/&amp;/g,"&").replace(/pn=([0-9]+)/g,"pn="+e);else{if(null==e)return!1;alert("Please enter a valid number between 1 and "+max_page)}} </script> <link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="https://studylight.info/css/jquery.autocomplete.css"> <script src="https://studylight.info/jscripts/3rdparty/min/jquery.autocomplete.min.js" async></script> <script async> function findValue(e){if(null!=e)if(e.extra){e.extra[0]}else{e.selectValue}} function selectItem(e){findValue(e)} function formatItem(e){return e[0]} jQuery(document).ready(function(){ jQuery("#s").autocomplete("/cgi-bin/site-resources/autocomplete.cgi?r=dic_eng_ncd",{delay:10,minChars:2,matchSubset:1,matchContains:1,cacheLength:10,maxItemsToShow:10,onItemSelect:selectItem,onFindValue:findValue,formatItem:formatItem,autoFill:!0}) }); </script> <!-- End of Additional Javascript Code --> <script async> jQuery.cookie=function(e,o,i){if(void 0===o){var n=null;if(document.cookie&&""!=document.cookie)for(var r=document.cookie.split(";"),t=0;t<r.length;t++){var p=jQuery.trim(r[t]);if(p.substring(0,e.length+1)==e+"="){n=decodeURIComponent(p.substring(e.length+1));break}}return n}i=i||{},null===o&&(o="",i.expires=-1);var s,u="";i.expires&&("number"==typeof i.expires||i.expires.toUTCString)&&("number"==typeof i.expires?(s=new Date).setTime(s.getTime()+24*i.expires*60*60*1e3):s=i.expires,u="; expires="+s.toUTCString());var c=i.path?"; path="+i.path:"",m=i.domain?"; domain="+i.domain:"",a=i.secure?"; secure":"";document.cookie=[e,"=",encodeURIComponent(o),u,c,m,a].join("")}; !function(e){var n;if("function"==typeof define&&define.amd&&(define(e),n=!0),"object"==typeof exports&&(module.exports=e(),n=!0),!n){var t=window.Cookies,o=window.Cookies=e();o.noConflict=function(){return window.Cookies=t,o}}}(function(){function f(){for(var e=0,n={};e<arguments.length;e++){var t=arguments[e];for(var o in t)n[o]=t[o]}return n}function a(e){return e.replace(/(%[0-9A-Z]{2})+/g,decodeURIComponent)}return function e(u){function c(){}function t(e,n,t){if("undefined"!=typeof document){"number"==typeof(t=f({path:"/"},c.defaults,t)).expires&&(t.expires=new Date(1*new Date+864e5*t.expires)),t.expires=t.expires?t.expires.toUTCString():"";try{var o=JSON.stringify(n);/^[{[]/.test(o)&&(n=o)}catch(e){}n=u.write?u.write(n,e):encodeURIComponent(String(n)).replace(/%(23|24|26|2B|3A|3C|3E|3D|2F|3F|40|5B|5D|5E|60|7B|7D|7C)/g,decodeURIComponent),e=encodeURIComponent(String(e)).replace(/%(23|24|26|2B|5E|60|7C)/g,decodeURIComponent).replace(/[()]/g,escape);var r="";for(var i in t)t[i]&&(r+="; "+i,!0!==t[i]&&(r+="="+t[i].split(";")[0]));return document.cookie=e+"="+n+r}}function n(e,n){if("undefined"!=typeof document){for(var t={},o=document.cookie?document.cookie.split("; "):[],r=0;r<o.length;r++){var i=o[r].split("="),c=i.slice(1).join("=");n||'"'!==c.charAt(0)||(c=c.slice(1,-1));try{var f=a(i[0]);if(c=(u.read||u)(c,f)||a(c),n)try{c=JSON.parse(c)}catch(e){}if(t[f]=c,e===f)break}catch(e){}}return e?t[e]:t}}return c.set=t,c.get=function(e){return n(e,!1)},c.getJSON=function(e){return n(e,!0)},c.remove=function(e,n){t(e,"",f(n,{expires:-1}))},c.defaults={},c.withConverter=e,c}(function(){})}); function updateSizes(t,i){let h=jQuery(window);wsize=t,hsize=i,masWidth=h.width(),masHeight=h.height(),curWidth=masWidth,curHeight=masHeight,curTop=curLeft=0,smWidth=masWidth<masHeight&&masWidth<t||masHeight<t?masWidth-20:t,smHeight=masWidth<masHeight&&masWidth<t||masHeight<i?masHeight-20:i,popWidth=parseInt(masWidth<smWidth+20?t:smWidth),popHeight=parseInt(masHeight>smHeight+20?i:smHeight),popTop=parseInt(masHeight/2-popHeight/2),popLeft=parseInt((curLeft+masWidth)/2-popWidth/2),jQuery(".popupDiv").length&&(jQuery(".overlayMaster").css({width:"100%",height:"100%"}),jQuery(".popupDiv").css({width:popWidth+"px",height:popHeight+"px",left:popLeft+"px",top:popTop+"px"}))} var wsize,hsize, mpos,mheight,mwidth,language,translation,book,chapter,verse,max_height,max_content_height,max_width,max_content_width,menubar=jQuery(".menubar"),menubar_sticky=menubar.offset().top,testSize=jQuery(window).width()-40,selDiv_height=testSize<=470?jQuery(window).height()-40:650,selDiv_width=testSize<=470?jQuery(window).width()-40:470,selDiv_top=testSize<=470?0:Math.floor((jQuery(window).height()-selDiv_height)/2),selDiv_left=testSize<=470?0:Math.floor((jQuery(window).width()-selDiv_width)/2); jQuery(document).ready(function(){ item_id="",max_height=jQuery(window).height(),max_width=jQuery(window).width(),max_content_height=jQuery('.content').height(),max_content_width=jQuery('.content').width(); let m=jQuery(".menubar"),mpos=m.offset(),mheight=m.outerHeight(),mwidth=m.width(); jQuery(".sub-menu").css({top:(mpos.top+mheight),left:mpos.left,width:mwidth}); /* Sticky Menubar */ jQuery(window) .on("scroll", function() { let m=jQuery(".menubar"),mpos=m.offset(),mheight=m.outerHeight(),mwidth=m.width(); jQuery(".sub-menu").css({top:mpos.top+mheight,left:mpos.left,width:mwidth}), jQuery(this).scrollTop()>menubar_sticky?menubar.addClass("menubar-sticky"):menubar.removeClass("menubar-sticky"); }) .on("mouseup", function(e) { let ct = jQuery(e.target); if (!ct.closest(".menubar-items,.sub-menu").length && jQuery(".sub-menu").is(":visible")){jQuery(".sub-menu").slideUp(200),jQuery(".menubar-items").removeClass("menubar-items-selected"),item_id=""} }) .on("resize",function(){ let m=jQuery(".menubar"),mpos=m.offset(),mheight=m.outerHeight(),mwidth=m.width(); jQuery(".sub-menu").css({top:mpos.top+mheight,left:mpos.left,width:mwidth}); }) jQuery(document) .on("click",".icon-bookmarks",function(){ jQuery.getScript("/jscripts/site-bookmarks.js", function(){bookmarkSelector_menu()}) }) .on("click", ".menubar-items", function() { let tmp_item_id="."+jQuery(this).data("title"); jQuery(".menubar-items").removeClass("menubar-items-selected"); if (tmp_item_id!==item_id)jQuery(this).addClass("menubar-items-selected"); item_id?(item_id===tmp_item_id?(jQuery(item_id).slideUp(100),item_id=""):jQuery(tmp_item_id).fadeIn(200,()=>(jQuery(item_id).fadeOut(200),item_id=tmp_item_id))):(item_id=tmp_item_id,jQuery(item_id).slideDown(100)); }) .on("click",".icon-signin",function(){ jQuery.getScript("/jscripts/site-signin.js") }) .on("click",".icon-signout",function(){ jQuery.getScript("/jscripts/site-signout.js") }) }); </script> </html>

Pages: 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10