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Presunto - Wikipedia

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class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span><i>Presunto</i> PDO and IGP</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Presunto_PDO_and_IGP-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>See also</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" 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mw-first-heading"><i>Presunto</i></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. 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//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/100px-Question_book-new.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="399" /></a></span></div></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span">This article <b>needs additional citations for <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability" title="Wikipedia:Verifiability">verification</a></b>.<span class="hide-when-compact"> Please help <a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Presunto" title="Special:EditPage/Presunto">improve this article</a> by <a href="/wiki/Help:Referencing_for_beginners" title="Help:Referencing for beginners">adding citations to reliable sources</a>. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.<br /><small><span class="plainlinks"><i>Find sources:</i>&#160;<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?as_eq=wikipedia&amp;q=%22Presunto%22">"Presunto"</a>&#160;–&#160;<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?tbm=nws&amp;q=%22Presunto%22+-wikipedia&amp;tbs=ar:1">news</a>&#160;<b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?&amp;q=%22Presunto%22&amp;tbs=bkt:s&amp;tbm=bks">newspapers</a>&#160;<b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?tbs=bks:1&amp;q=%22Presunto%22+-wikipedia">books</a>&#160;<b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://scholar.google.com/scholar?q=%22Presunto%22">scholar</a>&#160;<b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/action/doBasicSearch?Query=%22Presunto%22&amp;acc=on&amp;wc=on">JSTOR</a></span></small></span> <span class="date-container"><i>(<span class="date">March 2014</span>)</i></span><span class="hide-when-compact"><i> (<small><a href="/wiki/Help:Maintenance_template_removal" title="Help:Maintenance template removal">Learn how and when to remove this message</a></small>)</i></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <p class="mw-empty-elt"> </p> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Presunto_de_Chaves.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/40/Presunto_de_Chaves.jpg/250px-Presunto_de_Chaves.jpg" decoding="async" width="250" height="167" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/40/Presunto_de_Chaves.jpg/375px-Presunto_de_Chaves.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/40/Presunto_de_Chaves.jpg/500px-Presunto_de_Chaves.jpg 2x" data-file-width="640" data-file-height="427" /></a><figcaption>Traditional ham of <a href="/wiki/Chaves,_Portugal" title="Chaves, Portugal">Chaves, Portugal</a></figcaption></figure> <p><i><b>Presunto</b></i> (<style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1177148991">.mw-parser-output .IPA-label-small{font-size:85%}.mw-parser-output .references .IPA-label-small,.mw-parser-output .infobox .IPA-label-small,.mw-parser-output .navbox .IPA-label-small{font-size:100%}</style><span class="IPA-label IPA-label-small">Portuguese:</span> <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="pt-Latn-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Portuguese" title="Help:IPA/Portuguese">&#91;pɾɨˈzũtu&#93;</a></span>) is <a href="/wiki/Ham#Dry-cured" title="Ham">dry-cured ham</a> from <a href="/wiki/Portuguese_cuisine" title="Portuguese cuisine">Portugal</a>, similar to <a href="/wiki/Italian_cuisine" title="Italian cuisine">Italian</a> <a href="/wiki/Prosciutto" title="Prosciutto">prosciutto</a> or <a href="/wiki/Spanish_cuisine" title="Spanish cuisine">Spanish</a> <i><a href="/wiki/Jam%C3%B3n" title="Jamón">jamón</a></i>. Among the wide variety of <i>presuntos</i> in <a href="/wiki/Portugal" title="Portugal">Portugal</a>, the most famous are <i>presunto</i> from <a href="/wiki/Chaves,_Portugal" title="Chaves, Portugal">Chaves</a>, produced in the north of Portugal, and that from the <a href="/wiki/Alentejo" title="Alentejo">Alentejo</a>, in the south, made from local <a href="/wiki/Black_Iberian_pig" title="Black Iberian pig">Alentejano pigs</a>.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">&#91;<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (August 2014)">citation needed</span></a></i>&#93;</sup> </p><p>Several varieties of <i>presunto</i> are protected by European law with <a href="/wiki/Protected_designation_of_origin" title="Protected designation of origin">geographical indications</a>. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Etymology">Etymology</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Presunto&amp;action=edit&amp;section=1" title="Edit section: Etymology"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The word is from Vulgar Latin past participle <i>persunctus</i>, ultimately from the verb <i>sugo</i>, 'to suck', and is unrelated to identical words in Italian and Spanish coming from the also past participle <i>praesumptus</i>, ultimately from <i>sumo</i>, 'to (under)take, occupy' (see <a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/presunto" class="extiw" title="wikt:presunto">wikt:presunto</a>).<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">&#91;<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (August 2014)">citation needed</span></a></i>&#93;</sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Presunto_PDO_and_IGP"><i>Presunto</i> PDO and IGP</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Presunto&amp;action=edit&amp;section=2" title="Edit section: Presunto PDO and IGP"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In March 2014, six varieties of <i>presunto</i> were protected by European law registered with <a href="/wiki/Protected_designation_of_origin" title="Protected designation of origin">protected designation of origin</a>: </p> <ul><li><i>Presunto de Barrancos</i> (PGO)<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup></li> <li><i>Presunto do Alentejo</i> and <i>Paleta do Alentejo</i> (PDO)<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup></li> <li><i>Presunto de Barroso</i> (PGI)<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup></li> <li><i>Presunto de Campo Maior e Elvas</i> and <i>Paleta de Campo Maior e Elvas</i> (PGI)<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup></li> <li><i>Presunto de Santana da Serra</i> and <i>Paleta de Santana da Serra</i> (PGI)<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup></li> <li><i>Presunto de Vinhais</i> or <i>Presunto Bísaro de Vinhais</i> (PGI)<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Presunto&amp;action=edit&amp;section=3" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Commons-logo.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/12px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="12" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/18px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/24px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></a></span> Media related to <a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Presunto" 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id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Presunto&amp;action=edit&amp;section=4" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://ec.europa.eu/agriculture/quality/door/registeredName.html?denominationId=564&amp;locale=en">Presunto de Barrancos</a> in the <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://ec.europa.eu/agriculture/quality/schemes/index_en.htm">DOOR</a> database of the European Union. Accessed 16 March 2014.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://ec.europa.eu/agriculture/quality/door/registeredName.html?denominationId=569&amp;locale=en">Presunto e Paleta do Alentejo</a> in the <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://ec.europa.eu/agriculture/quality/schemes/index_en.htm">DOOR</a> database of the European Union. Accessed 16 March 2014.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://ec.europa.eu/agriculture/quality/door/browse.html?open&amp;chkDenomination=565">Presunto de Barroso</a> na Base de Dados <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://ec.europa.eu/agriculture/quality/schemes/index_en.htm">DOOR</a> da União Europeia. Accessed 16 March 2014.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://ec.europa.eu/agriculture/quality/door/registeredName.html?denominationId=566">Presunto de Campo Maior e Elvas&#160;; Paleta de Campo Maior e Elvas</a> in the <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://ec.europa.eu/agriculture/quality/schemes/index_en.htm">DOOR</a> database of the European Union. Accessed 16 March 2014.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://ec.europa.eu/agriculture/quality/door/browse.html?open&amp;chkDenomination=567">Presunto de Santana da Serra e Paleta de Santana da Serra</a> in the <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://ec.europa.eu/agriculture/quality/schemes/index_en.htm">DOOR</a> database of the European Union. Accessed 16 March 2014.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://ec.europa.eu/agriculture/quality/door/browse.html?open&amp;chkDenomination=568">Presunto de Vinhais ou Presunto Bísaro de Vinhais</a> in the <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://ec.europa.eu/agriculture/quality/schemes/index_en.htm">DOOR</a> database of the European Union. 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abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Ham" title="Template:Ham"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Ham" title="Template talk:Ham"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Ham" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Ham"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Ham" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Ham" title="Ham">Ham</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/List_of_hams" title="List of hams">Types of ham</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ammerl%C3%A4nder_Schinken" title="Ammerländer Schinken">Ammerländer Schinken</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anfu_ham" title="Anfu ham">Anfu ham</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bayonne_ham" title="Bayonne ham">Bayonne ham</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Black_Forest_ham" title="Black Forest ham">Black Forest ham</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chipped_chopped_ham" title="Chipped chopped ham">Chipped chopped ham</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Country_ham" title="Country ham">Country ham</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elenski_but" title="Elenski but">Elenski but</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gammon_(meat)" title="Gammon (meat)">Gammon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jam%C3%B3n#Jamón_serrano" title="Jamón">Jamón serrano</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jam%C3%B3n_ib%C3%A9rico" title="Jamón ibérico">Jamón ibérico</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jinhua_ham" title="Jinhua ham">Jinhua ham</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lac%C3%B3n_Gallego" class="mw-redirect" title="Lacón Gallego">Lacón Gallego</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Njegu%C5%A1ki_pr%C5%A1ut" title="Njeguški pršut">Njeguški pršut</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Presunto</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prosciutto" title="Prosciutto">Prosciutto</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Valle_d%27Aosta_Jambon_de_Bosses" title="Valle d&#39;Aosta Jambon de Bosses">Valle d'Aosta Jambon de Bosses</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rugao_ham" title="Rugao ham">Rugao ham</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Smithfield_ham" title="Smithfield ham">Smithfield ham</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Speck" title="Speck">Speck</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Speck_Alto_Adige" title="Speck Alto Adige">Speck Alto Adige</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Westphalian_ham" title="Westphalian ham">Westphalian ham</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Xuanwei_ham" title="Xuanwei ham">Xuanwei ham</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/List_of_ham_dishes" title="List of ham dishes">Ham dishes</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Croque_monsieur" title="Croque monsieur">Croque monsieur</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christmas_ham" title="Christmas ham">Christmas ham</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fl%C3%A4skl%C3%A4gg_med_rotmos" title="Fläsklägg med rotmos">Fläsklägg med rotmos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Francesinha" title="Francesinha">Francesinha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ham_salad" title="Ham salad">Ham salad</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ham_sandwich" title="Ham sandwich">Ham sandwich</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ham_and_egg_bun" title="Ham and egg bun">Ham and egg bun</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Limerick_ham" title="Limerick ham">Limerick ham</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stuffed_ham" title="Stuffed ham">Stuffed ham</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Ham producers</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Beher_(company)" title="Beher (company)">Beher</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Boar%27s_Head_Provision_Company" title="Boar&#39;s Head Provision Company">Boar's Head Provision Company</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cargill" title="Cargill">Cargill</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/E._M._Todd_Company" title="E. M. Todd Company">E. M. Todd Company</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hormel_Foods" title="Hormel Foods">Hormel Foods</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Meat_Products_of_India" title="Meat Products of India">Meat Products of India</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oscar_Mayer" title="Oscar Mayer">Oscar Mayer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Smithfield_Foods" title="Smithfield Foods">Smithfield Foods</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Honey_Baked_Ham_Company" title="The Honey Baked Ham Company">The Honey Baked Ham Company</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Related articles</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bacon" title="Bacon">Bacon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charcuterie" title="Charcuterie">Charcuterie</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dried_meat" title="Dried meat">Dried meat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ham_sausage" title="Ham sausage">Ham sausage</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Turkey_ham" title="Turkey ham">Turkey ham</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow hlist" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Category"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/16px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/23px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/31px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /></span></span>&#160;<a href="/wiki/Category:Ham" title="Category:Ham">Category</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <p><br /> </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1012311289">.mw-parser-output .asbox{position:relative;overflow:hidden}.mw-parser-output .asbox table{background:transparent}.mw-parser-output .asbox p{margin:0}.mw-parser-output .asbox p+p{margin-top:0.25em}.mw-parser-output .asbox-body{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output .asbox-note{font-size:smaller}.mw-parser-output .asbox .navbar{position:absolute;top:-0.75em;right:1em;display:none}</style><div role="note" class="metadata plainlinks asbox stub"><table role="presentation"><tbody><tr class="noresize"><td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:FoodMeat-white.png" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="Stub icon" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/ba/FoodMeat-white.png/40px-FoodMeat-white.png" decoding="async" width="40" height="23" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/ba/FoodMeat-white.png/60px-FoodMeat-white.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/ba/FoodMeat-white.png/80px-FoodMeat-white.png 2x" data-file-width="2500" data-file-height="1460" /></a></span></td><td><p class="asbox-body">This <a href="/wiki/Meat" title="Meat">meat</a>-related article is a <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Stub" title="Wikipedia:Stub">stub</a>. 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