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.infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox ib-medical-condition"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above" style="background:#ccc">Dislocation of jaw</th></tr><tr style="background-color: #f8f9fa;"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:Gray311.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9c/Gray311.png/220px-Gray311.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="156" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9c/Gray311.png/330px-Gray311.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/9/9c/Gray311.png 2x" data-file-width="378" data-file-height="268" /></a></span></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data">Sagittal section of the articulation of the mandible.</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Medical_specialty" title="Medical specialty">Specialty</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Emergency_medicine" title="Emergency medicine">Emergency medicine</a> <span class="penicon autoconfirmed-show"><span class="mw-valign-text-top" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4128726?uselang=en#P1995" title="Edit this on Wikidata"><img alt="Edit this on Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></span></span></td></tr></tbody></table> <p>Dislocations occur when two bones that originally met at the <a href="/wiki/Joint" title="Joint">joint</a> detach.<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Dislocations should not be confused with subluxation. <a href="/wiki/Subluxation" title="Subluxation">Subluxation</a> is when the joint is still partially attached to the bone.<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>When a person has a dislocated jaw it is difficult to open and close the mouth.<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Dislocation can occur following a series of events if the jaw locks while open or unable to close. If the jaw is dislocated, it may cause an extreme headache or inability to concentrate. When the muscle's alignment is out of sync, a pain will occur due to unwanted rotation of the jaw.<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>If the pain remains constant, it may require surgery to realign the jaw.<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Depending on the severity of the jaw's dislocation, pain relief such as <a href="/wiki/Paracetamol" title="Paracetamol">paracetamol</a> may assist to alleviate the initial chronic pain. If the pain relief is taken for an extended period of time, it may negatively affect the person while talking, eating, drinking, etc. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Symptoms">Symptoms</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Dislocation_of_jaw&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Symptoms"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The symptoms can be numerous depending on the severity of the dislocation injury and how long the person is inflicted with the injury. Symptoms of a <b>dislocated</b> jaw include a bite that feels “off” or abnormal, difficulty talking or moving jaw, not able to close mouth completely, drooling due to not being able to shut mouth completely, teeth feel they are out of alignment, and excruciating pain <sup id="cite_ref-nytimes.com_6-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-nytimes.com-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The immediate symptom can be a loud crunch noise occurring right up against the eardrum. This is instantly followed by excruciating pain, particularly in the side where the dislocation occurred.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (May 2015)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p><p>Short-term symptoms can range from mild to chronic headaches, muscle tension or pain in the face, jaw and neck.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (May 2015)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p><p>Long-term symptoms can result in sleep deprivation, tiredness/lethargy, frustration, bursts of anger or short fuse, difficulty performing everyday tasks, depression, social issues relating to difficulty talking, hearing sensitivity (particularly to high pitched sounds), tinnitus and pain when seated associated with posture while at a computer and reading books from general pressure on the jaw and facial muscles when tilting head down or up. And possible causing subsequent facial asymmetry.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (May 2015)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p><p>In contrast, symptoms of a <b>fractured</b> jaw include bleeding coming from the mouth, unable to open the mouth wide without pain, bruising and swelling of the face, difficulty eating due to the constant pain, loss of feeling in the face (more specifically the lower lip) and lacks full range of motion of the jaw.<sup id="cite_ref-nytimes.com_6-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-nytimes.com-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Anatomy">Anatomy</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Dislocation_of_jaw&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Anatomy"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The joint involved with jaw dislocation is the <a href="/wiki/Temporomandibular_joint" title="Temporomandibular joint">temporomandibular joint</a> (TMJ). This joint is located where the <a href="/wiki/Mandibular_condyles" class="mw-redirect" title="Mandibular condyles">mandibular condyles</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Temporal_bone" title="Temporal bone">temporal bone</a> meet.<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-EMedicine823775_8-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-EMedicine823775-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Membranes that surround the bones help during the hinging and gliding of jaw movement. For the mouth to close it requires the following muscles: the <a href="/wiki/Masseter" class="mw-redirect" title="Masseter">masseter</a>, <a href="/wiki/Temporalis" class="mw-redirect" title="Temporalis">temporalis</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Medial_pterygoid_muscle" title="Medial pterygoid muscle">medial pterygoid muscle</a>. For the jaw to open it requires the <a href="/wiki/Lateral_pterygoid_muscle" title="Lateral pterygoid muscle">lateral pterygoid muscle</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-EMedicine823775_8-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-EMedicine823775-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Pathophysiology">Pathophysiology</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Dislocation_of_jaw&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Pathophysiology"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Anterior_Dislocation.jpeg" class="mw-file-description" title="Side view of the skull with anterior dislocation of jaw."><img alt="Side view of the skull with anterior dislocation of jaw." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/98/Anterior_Dislocation.jpeg/120px-Anterior_Dislocation.jpeg" decoding="async" width="120" height="155" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/98/Anterior_Dislocation.jpeg/180px-Anterior_Dislocation.jpeg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/98/Anterior_Dislocation.jpeg/240px-Anterior_Dislocation.jpeg 2x" data-file-width="2550" data-file-height="3300" /></a><figcaption> Side view of the skull with anterior dislocation of jaw.</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Posterior_Dislocation.jpeg" class="mw-file-description" title="Side view of the skull with posterior dislocation of jaw."><img alt="Side view of the skull with posterior dislocation of jaw." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7f/Posterior_Dislocation.jpeg/120px-Posterior_Dislocation.jpeg" decoding="async" width="120" height="155" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7f/Posterior_Dislocation.jpeg/180px-Posterior_Dislocation.jpeg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7f/Posterior_Dislocation.jpeg/240px-Posterior_Dislocation.jpeg 2x" data-file-width="2550" data-file-height="3300" /></a><figcaption> Side view of the skull with posterior dislocation of jaw.</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Superior_Dislocation.jpeg" class="mw-file-description" title="Side view of the skull with superior dislocation of jaw."><img alt="Side view of the skull with superior dislocation of jaw." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1a/Superior_Dislocation.jpeg/120px-Superior_Dislocation.jpeg" decoding="async" width="120" height="155" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1a/Superior_Dislocation.jpeg/180px-Superior_Dislocation.jpeg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1a/Superior_Dislocation.jpeg/240px-Superior_Dislocation.jpeg 2x" data-file-width="2550" data-file-height="3300" /></a><figcaption> Side view of the skull with superior dislocation of jaw.</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Lateral_Dislocation.jpeg" class="mw-file-description" title="Front view of the skull with lateral dislocation of jaw."><img alt="Front view of the skull with lateral dislocation of jaw." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d8/Lateral_Dislocation.jpeg/120px-Lateral_Dislocation.jpeg" decoding="async" width="120" height="155" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d8/Lateral_Dislocation.jpeg/180px-Lateral_Dislocation.jpeg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d8/Lateral_Dislocation.jpeg/240px-Lateral_Dislocation.jpeg 2x" data-file-width="2550" data-file-height="3300" /></a><figcaption> Front view of the skull with lateral dislocation of jaw.</figcaption></figure> <p>There are four different positions of jaw dislocation: posterior, anterior, superior and lateral. The most common position is anterior, while the other types are rare. <b>Anterior</b> dislocation shifts the lower jaw forward if the mouth excessively opens. This type of dislocation may happen bilaterally or unilaterally after yawning. The muscles that are affected during anterior jaw dislocation are the <a href="/wiki/Masseter" class="mw-redirect" title="Masseter">masseter</a> and <a href="/wiki/Temporalis" class="mw-redirect" title="Temporalis">temporalis</a> which pull up on the mandible and the <a href="/wiki/Lateral_pterygoid_muscle" title="Lateral pterygoid muscle">lateral pterygoid</a> which relaxes the <a href="/wiki/Mandibular_condyle" class="mw-redirect" title="Mandibular condyle">mandibular condyle</a>. The condyle can get locked in front of the <a href="/wiki/Articular_eminence" class="mw-redirect" title="Articular eminence">articular eminence</a>. <b>Posterior</b> dislocation is possible for people who get injured by being punched in the chin. This dislocation will push the jaw back affecting the alignment of the <a href="/wiki/Mandibular_condyle" class="mw-redirect" title="Mandibular condyle">mandibular condyle</a> and <a href="/wiki/Mastoid" class="mw-redirect" title="Mastoid">mastoid</a>. The external auditory canal may be fractured. <b>Superior</b> dislocations occur after being punched below the mandibular ramus as the mouth remains half-open. Since great force occurs in a punch, the angle of the jaw will be forced upward moving towards the <a href="/wiki/Condylar" class="mw-redirect" title="Condylar">condylar</a> head. This can result in a fracture of the glenoid fossa and displacement of the condyle into the <a href="/wiki/Middle_cranial_fossa" title="Middle cranial fossa">middle cranial fossa</a>, potentially injuring the <a href="/wiki/Facial_nerve" title="Facial nerve">facial</a> and <a href="/wiki/Vestibulocochlear_nerve" title="Vestibulocochlear nerve">vestibulocochlear nerves</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Temporal_lobe" title="Temporal lobe">temporal lobe</a>. <b>Lateral</b> dislocations move the mandibular condyle away from the skull and are likely to happen together with jaw fractures.<sup id="cite_ref-EMedicine823775_8-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-EMedicine823775-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-pmid21474286_9-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-pmid21474286-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Posterior, superior and lateral dislocations are uncommon injuries and usually result from high-energy trauma to the chin. By contrast, anterior dislocations are more often the result of low-energy trauma (e.g. <a href="/wiki/Tooth_extraction" class="mw-redirect" title="Tooth extraction">tooth extraction</a>) or secondary to a medical condition that affects the stability of the joint (e.g. <a href="/wiki/Seizure" title="Seizure">seizures</a>, ligamentous laxity, degeneration of joint capsule).<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (October 2020)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Diagnosis">Diagnosis</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Dislocation_of_jaw&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Diagnosis"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>As with other joint dislocations, clinical history and examination are crucial for diagnosis of a jaw dislocation. Commonly, plain and panoramic X-ray radiographies are used to determine the relative position of the mandibular condyle. If a complex or unusual injury is suspected, three-dimensional <a href="/wiki/Computed_tomography" class="mw-redirect" title="Computed tomography">computed tomography</a> is most reliable in diagnosing dislocation and possibly associated fractures or soft tissue injuries.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (October 2020)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p><p>In case of dislocations resulting from high-energy trauma, attention must also be paid to possible other injuries, particularly blunt or indirect trauma to the skull and cervical spine. Acutely life-threatening conditions need to be ruled out or treated in first line. For superior jaw dislocation in particular, serious intracranial complications such as <a href="/wiki/Epidural_hematoma" title="Epidural hematoma">epidural hematoma</a> are possible and must be recognized and managed to prevent disability or even death. Therefore, neurological status has to be examined in patients with complex dislocations involving temporal bone fractures. Hearing deficits on the injured side may indicate damage to structures of the ear.<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Treatment">Treatment</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Dislocation_of_jaw&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Treatment"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Most temporomandibular disorders (TMDs) are self-limiting and do not get worse. Simple treatment, involving self-care practices, rehabilitation aimed at eliminating muscle spasms, and restoring correct coordination, is all that is required. <a href="/wiki/Nonsteroidal" title="Nonsteroidal">Nonsteroidal</a> anti-inflammatory analgesics (NSAIDs) should be used on a short-term, regular basis and not on an as needed basis. On the other hand, treatment of chronic TMD can be difficult and the condition is best managed by a team approach; the team consists of a <a href="/wiki/Primary_care_physician" title="Primary care physician">primary care physician</a>, a <a href="/wiki/Dentist" title="Dentist">dentist</a>, a <a href="/wiki/Physiotherapist" class="mw-redirect" title="Physiotherapist">physiotherapist</a>, a <a href="/wiki/Psychologist" title="Psychologist">psychologist</a>, a <a href="/wiki/Pharmacologist" class="mw-redirect" title="Pharmacologist">pharmacologist</a>, and in small number of cases, a surgeon. The different modalities include patient education and self-care practices, medication, <a href="/wiki/Physical_therapy" title="Physical therapy">physical therapy</a>, splints, psychological counseling, relaxation techniques, biofeedback, <a href="/wiki/Hypnotherapy" title="Hypnotherapy">hypnotherapy</a>, <a href="/wiki/Acupuncture" title="Acupuncture">acupuncture</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Arthrocentesis" title="Arthrocentesis">arthrocentesis</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-EMedicine823775_8-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-EMedicine823775-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>As with most dislocated joints, a dislocated jaw can usually be successfully positioned into its normal position by a trained medical professional. Attempts to readjust the jaw without the assistance of a medical professional could result in worsening of the injury. The health care provider may be able to set it back into the correct position by manipulating the area back into its proper position. Numbing medications such as general <a href="/wiki/Anesthetics" class="mw-redirect" title="Anesthetics">anesthetics</a>, muscle relaxants, or in some cases sedation, may be needed to relax the strong jaw muscle. In more severe cases, surgery may be needed to reposition the jaw, particularly if repeated jaw dislocations have occurred.<sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Epidemiology">Epidemiology</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Dislocation_of_jaw&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Epidemiology"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Jaw dislocation is common for people who are in car, motorcycle or related accidents and also sports related activities. This injury does not pin point specific ages or genders because it could happen to anybody.<sup id="cite_ref-surgerydoor.co.uk_13-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-surgerydoor.co.uk-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> People who dislocate their jaw do not usually seek emergency medical care.<sup id="cite_ref-surgerydoor.co.uk_13-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-surgerydoor.co.uk-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In most cases, jaw dislocations are acute and can be altered by minor manipulations.<sup id="cite_ref-pmid21474286_9-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-pmid21474286-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It was reported from one study that over a seven-year period at an emergency medical site, with 100,000 yearly visits, there were only 37 patients that were seen for a dislocated jaw.<sup id="cite_ref-EMedicine823775_8-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-EMedicine823775-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Dislocation_of_jaw&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Curb_stomp" title="Curb stomp">Curb stomp</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Dislocation_of_jaw&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><i><a href="/wiki/MedlinePlus" title="MedlinePlus">MedlinePlus Encyclopedia</a></i>: <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/000014.htm">Dislocation</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited 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style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background: #EAECF0;color:black;">Classification</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><div style="position:relative; float:right; font-size:0.8em;"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4128726" class="extiw" title="d:Q4128726">D</a></div><div class="hlist" style="text-align:left;"><ul><li><b><a href="/wiki/International_Statistical_Classification_of_Diseases_and_Related_Health_Problems" class="mw-redirect" title="International Statistical Classification of Diseases and Related Health Problems">ICD</a>-<a href="/wiki/ICD-10" title="ICD-10">10</a></b>: <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://icd.who.int/browse10/2019/en#/S03.0">S03.0</a></li><li><b><a href="/wiki/International_Statistical_Classification_of_Diseases_and_Related_Health_Problems" class="mw-redirect" title="International Statistical Classification of Diseases and Related Health Problems">ICD</a>-<a href="/wiki/List_of_ICD-9_codes" title="List of ICD-9 codes">9-CM</a></b>: <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.icd9data.com/getICD9Code.ashx?icd9=830">830</a></li></ul></div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background: #EAECF0;color:black;">External resources</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><div class="hlist" style="text-align:left;"><ul><li><b><a href="/wiki/EMedicine" title="EMedicine">eMedicine</a></b>: <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/823775-overview">article/823775</a></li></ul></div></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Dislocations/subluxations,_sprains_and_strains" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239400231">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:114%;margin:0 7em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:114%;margin:0 4em}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Dislocations,_sprains_and_strains" title="Template:Dislocations, sprains and strains"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Dislocations,_sprains_and_strains" title="Template talk:Dislocations, sprains and strains"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Dislocations,_sprains_and_strains" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Dislocations, sprains and strains"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Dislocations/subluxations,_sprains_and_strains" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Joint_dislocation" title="Joint dislocation">Dislocations</a>/<a href="/wiki/Subluxation" title="Subluxation">subluxations</a>, <a href="/wiki/Sprain" title="Sprain">sprains</a> and <a href="/wiki/Strain_(injury)" title="Strain (injury)">strains</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Joint" title="Joint">Joints</a> and<br /><a href="/wiki/Ligament" title="Ligament">ligaments</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Human_head" title="Human head">Head</a> and <a href="/wiki/Neck" title="Neck">neck</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Dislocation of jaw</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Whiplash_(medicine)" title="Whiplash (medicine)">Whiplash</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Shoulder" title="Shoulder">Shoulder</a> and <a href="/wiki/Upper_arm" class="mw-redirect" title="Upper arm">upper arm</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Glenohumeral_joint" class="mw-redirect" title="Glenohumeral joint">GH</a> (<a href="/wiki/Dislocated_shoulder" title="Dislocated shoulder">Dislocated shoulder</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Acromioclavicular_joint" title="Acromioclavicular joint">AC</a> (<a href="/wiki/Separated_shoulder" title="Separated shoulder">Separated shoulder</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/ALPSA_lesion" title="ALPSA lesion">ALPSA lesion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/SLAP_tear" title="SLAP tear">SLAP tear</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bankart_lesion" title="Bankart lesion">Bankart lesion</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Elbow" title="Elbow">Elbow</a> and <a href="/wiki/Forearm" title="Forearm">forearm</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Pulled_elbow" title="Pulled elbow">Pulled elbow</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gamekeeper%27s_thumb" class="mw-redirect" title="Gamekeeper's thumb">Gamekeeper's thumb</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Hip" title="Hip">Hip</a> and <a href="/wiki/Thigh" title="Thigh">thigh</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Hip_dislocation" title="Hip dislocation">Hip dislocation</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Knee" title="Knee">Knee</a> and <a href="/wiki/Human_leg" title="Human leg">leg</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Tear_of_meniscus" class="mw-redirect" title="Tear of meniscus">Tear of meniscus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anterior_cruciate_ligament_injury" title="Anterior cruciate ligament injury">Anterior cruciate ligament injury</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Posterior_cruciate_ligament_injury" title="Posterior cruciate ligament injury">Posterior cruciate ligament injury</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Unhappy_triad" title="Unhappy triad">Unhappy triad</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Patellar_dislocation" title="Patellar dislocation">Patellar dislocation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Knee_dislocation" title="Knee dislocation">Knee dislocation</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Ankle" title="Ankle">Ankle</a> and <a href="/wiki/Foot" title="Foot">foot</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Sprained_ankle" title="Sprained ankle">Sprained ankle</a> (<a href="/wiki/High_ankle_sprain" title="High ankle sprain">High ankle sprain</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Metatarsophalangeal_joint_sprain" title="Metatarsophalangeal joint sprain">Turf toe</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Muscle" title="Muscle">Muscles</a> and<br /><a href="/wiki/Tendon" title="Tendon">tendons</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Shoulder" title="Shoulder">Shoulder</a> and <a href="/wiki/Upper_arm" class="mw-redirect" title="Upper arm">upper arm</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Rotator_cuff_tear" title="Rotator cuff tear">Rotator cuff tear</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Hip" title="Hip">Hip</a> and <a href="/wiki/Thigh" title="Thigh">thigh</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Pulled_hamstring" title="Pulled hamstring">Pulled hamstring</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Knee" title="Knee">Knee</a> and <a href="/wiki/Human_leg" title="Human leg">leg</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Patellar_tendon_rupture" title="Patellar tendon rupture">Patellar tendon rupture</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Achilles_tendon_rupture" title="Achilles tendon rupture">Achilles tendon rupture</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shin_splints" title="Shin splints">Shin splints</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?useformat=desktop&type=1x1&usesul3=0" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div 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