Dose assorbita - Wikipedia

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class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Indice" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Mostra/Nascondi l'indice" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Mostra/Nascondi l'indice</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Dose assorbita</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Vai a una voce in un'altra lingua. Disponibile in 33 lingue" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-33" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">33 lingue</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AC%D8%B1%D8%B9%D8%A9_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B7%D8%A7%D9%82%D8%A9_%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%85%D9%85%D8%AA%D8%B5%D8%A9" title="جرعة الطاقة الممتصة - arabo" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="جرعة الطاقة الممتصة" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="arabo" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be-x-old mw-list-item"><a href="https://be-tarask.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%B0%D0%B3%D0%BB%D1%8B%D0%BD%D1%83%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%8F_%D0%B4%D0%BE%D0%B7%D0%B0" title="Паглынутая доза - Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" lang="be-tarask" hreflang="be-tarask" data-title="Паглынутая доза" data-language-autonym="Беларуская (тарашкевіца)" data-language-local-name="Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская (тарашкевіца)</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bs mw-list-item"><a href="https://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Apsorbirana_doza" title="Apsorbirana doza - bosniaco" lang="bs" hreflang="bs" data-title="Apsorbirana doza" data-language-autonym="Bosanski" data-language-local-name="bosniaco" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bosanski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dosi_absorbida" title="Dosi absorbida - catalano" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Dosi absorbida" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="catalano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Absorbovan%C3%A1_d%C3%A1vka" title="Absorbovaná dávka - ceco" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Absorbovaná dávka" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="ceco" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Energiedosis" title="Energiedosis - tedesco" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Energiedosis" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="tedesco" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en mw-list-item"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Absorbed_dose" title="Absorbed dose - inglese" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="Absorbed dose" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="inglese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sorbita_dozo" title="Sorbita dozo - esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Sorbita dozo" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dosis_absorbida" title="Dosis absorbida - spagnolo" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Dosis absorbida" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="spagnolo" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Neeldumisdoos" title="Neeldumisdoos - estone" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Neeldumisdoos" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="estone" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AF%D9%88%D8%B2_%D8%AC%D8%B0%D8%A8%DB%8C" title="دوز جذبی - persiano" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="دوز جذبی" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="persiano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Absorboitunut_annos" title="Absorboitunut annos - finlandese" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Absorboitunut annos" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="finlandese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dose_absorb%C3%A9e" title="Dose absorbée - francese" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Dose absorbée" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="francese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Apsorbirana_doza" title="Apsorbirana doza - croato" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Apsorbirana doza" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="croato" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is mw-list-item"><a href="https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/Geislaskammtur" title="Geislaskammtur - islandese" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="Geislaskammtur" data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="islandese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Íslenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%90%B8%E5%8F%8E%E7%B7%9A%E9%87%8F" title="吸収線量 - giapponese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="吸収線量" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="giapponese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%ED%9D%A1%EC%88%98%EC%84%A0%EB%9F%89" title="흡수선량 - coreano" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="흡수선량" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="coreano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%92%D0%BF%D0%B8%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D0%B4%D0%BE%D0%B7%D0%B0" title="Впиена доза - macedone" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Впиена доза" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="macedone" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Geabsorbeerde_dosis" title="Geabsorbeerde dosis - olandese" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Geabsorbeerde dosis" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="olandese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Absorbert_dose" title="Absorbert dose - norvegese nynorsk" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Absorbert dose" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="norvegese nynorsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Absorbert_dose" title="Absorbert dose - norvegese bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Absorbert dose" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="norvegese bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dawka_poch%C5%82oni%C4%99ta" title="Dawka pochłonięta - polacco" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Dawka pochłonięta" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="polacco" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dose_absorvida" title="Dose absorvida - portoghese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Dose absorvida" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="portoghese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%BB%D0%BE%D1%89%D1%91%D0%BD%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%8F_%D0%B4%D0%BE%D0%B7%D0%B0" title="Поглощённая доза - russo" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Поглощённая доза" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="russo" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Apsorbirana_doza" title="Apsorbirana doza - serbo-croato" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Apsorbirana doza" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="serbo-croato" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Absorbovan%C3%A1_d%C3%A1vka" title="Absorbovaná dávka - slovacco" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Absorbovaná dávka" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="slovacco" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Absorbirana_doza" title="Absorbirana doza - sloveno" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Absorbirana doza" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="sloveno" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Apsorbovana_doza" title="Apsorbovana doza - serbo" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Apsorbovana doza" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="serbo" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Absorberad_dos" title="Absorberad dos - svedese" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Absorberad dos" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="svedese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%95%E0%AE%A4%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%B0%E0%AF%8D_%E0%AE%8F%E0%AE%B1%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%AA%E0%AE%B3%E0%AE%B5%E0%AF%81" title="கதிர் ஏற்பளவு - tamil" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="கதிர் ஏற்பளவு" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="tamil" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>தமிழ்</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Radyasyon_dozu" title="Radyasyon dozu - turco" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Radyasyon dozu" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="turco" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D0%B4%D0%BE%D0%B7%D0%B0" title="Поглинена доза - ucraino" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Поглинена доза" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="ucraino" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%90%B8%E6%94%B6%E5%8A%91%E9%87%8F" title="吸收劑量 - cinese" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="吸收劑量" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="cinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q215313#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Modifica collegamenti interlinguistici" class="wbc-editpage">Modifica collegamenti</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="Namespace"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > <div 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class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">Da Wikipedia, l'enciclopedia libera.</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="it" dir="ltr"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r133964453">.mw-parser-output .avviso .mbox-text-div>div,.mw-parser-output .avviso .mbox-text-full-div>div{font-size:90%}.mw-parser-output .avviso .mbox-image{flex-basis:52px;flex-grow:0;flex-shrink:0}.mw-parser-output .avviso .mbox-text-full-div .hide-when-compact{display:block}</style><div style="" class="ambox metadata plainlinks avviso avviso-contenuto"> <div class="avviso-immagine mbox-image noprint"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Question_book-4.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Niente fonti!"><img alt="Niente fonti!" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/64/Question_book-4.svg/45px-Question_book-4.svg.png" decoding="async" width="45" height="35" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/64/Question_book-4.svg/68px-Question_book-4.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/64/Question_book-4.svg/90px-Question_book-4.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="262" data-file-height="204" /></a></span></div> <div class="avviso-testo mbox-text"> <div class="mbox-text-div"><b>Questa voce o sezione  sull'argomento fisica <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Uso_delle_fonti" title="Wikipedia:Uso delle fonti">non cita le fonti necessarie</a> o quelle presenti sono insufficienti</b>. <div class="hide-when-compact"> <div class="noprint"><hr />Puoi <a class="external text" href="https://it.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Dose_assorbita&action=edit">migliorare questa voce</a> aggiungendo citazioni da <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Fonti_attendibili" title="Wikipedia:Fonti attendibili">fonti attendibili</a> secondo le <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Uso_delle_fonti" title="Wikipedia:Uso delle fonti">linee guida sull'uso delle fonti</a>. Segui i suggerimenti del <a href="/wiki/Progetto:Fisica" title="Progetto:Fisica">progetto di riferimento</a>.</div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <p>La <b>dose assorbita</b> <b>D</b> è una <a href="/wiki/Grandezza_fisica" title="Grandezza fisica">grandezza fisica</a> definita come la quantità di <a href="/wiki/Energia" title="Energia">energia</a> assorbita da un mezzo a seguito di esposizione a <a href="/wiki/Radiazioni" class="mw-redirect" title="Radiazioni">radiazioni</a> per unità di <a href="/wiki/Massa_(fisica)" title="Massa (fisica)">massa</a>: </p> <dl><dd><span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle D={\frac {\operatorname {d} E}{\operatorname {d} m}}}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mi>D</mi> <mo>=</mo> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mfrac> <mrow> <mi mathvariant="normal">d</mi> <mo>⁡</mo> <mi>E</mi> </mrow> <mrow> <mi mathvariant="normal">d</mi> <mo>⁡</mo> <mi>m</mi> </mrow> </mfrac> </mrow> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle D={\frac {\operatorname {d} E}{\operatorname {d} m}}}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/97deb43ec59095c69cdf89268eb54772d901bc38" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -2.005ex; width:9.579ex; height:5.509ex;" alt="{\displaystyle D={\frac {\operatorname {d} E}{\operatorname {d} m}}}"></span></dd></dl> <p>La dose assorbita è misurata in <a href="/wiki/Gray_(unit%C3%A0_di_misura)" title="Gray (unità di misura)">gray</a> (simbolo Gy) nel <a href="/wiki/Sistema_internazionale_di_unit%C3%A0_di_misura" title="Sistema internazionale di unità di misura">Sistema internazionale</a>, dove 1 Gy rappresenta 1 <a href="/wiki/Joule" title="Joule">J</a> di radiazione assorbita da 1 <a href="/wiki/Chilogrammo" title="Chilogrammo">kg</a> di massa. Prima dell'introduzione del gray, come unità di misura era impiegato il <a href="/wiki/Rad_(unit%C3%A0_di_misura)" title="Rad (unità di misura)">rad</a> (1 Gy = 100 rad). La dose assorbita è una <a href="/wiki/Grandezza_estensiva" class="mw-redirect" title="Grandezza estensiva">grandezza estensiva</a> che non è direttamente legata al danno biologico causato ad un organismo o ad un <a href="/wiki/Tessuto_(biologia)" title="Tessuto (biologia)">tessuto organico</a>. Infatti, una stessa quantità di energia assorbita da un organismo produce danni biologici differenti a seconda del tipo di radiazione a cui è stato esposto. 1 Gy dovuto a <a href="/wiki/Raggi_alfa" class="mw-redirect" title="Raggi alfa">raggi alfa</a> è circa 20 volte più dannoso di 1 Gy dovuto a <a href="/wiki/Raggi_gamma" title="Raggi gamma">raggi gamma</a>. Una grandezza fisica più pertinente per misurare il danno biologico e gli effetti su un organismo o un tessuto organico è la <a href="/wiki/Dose_equivalente" title="Dose equivalente">dose equivalente</a>. Per una radiazione eterogenea l'energia ceduta è la somma dei <a href="/w/index.php?title=Campi_di_radiazione&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Campi di radiazione (la pagina non esiste)">campi di radiazione</a> di ogni componente moltiplicata per l'energia media che viene rilasciata da ogni particella che la compone all'interazione, a sua volta è una frazione della propria energia E<sub>i</sub>, corrispondente alla sua <a href="/wiki/Sezione_d%27urto_di_assorbimento" class="mw-redirect" title="Sezione d'urto di assorbimento">sezione d'urto di assorbimento</a> massica, <i><span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle {\frac {\Sigma _{i}^{a}}{\rho }}}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mfrac> <msubsup> <mi mathvariant="normal">Σ</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mi>i</mi> </mrow> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mi>a</mi> </mrow> </msubsup> <mi>ρ</mi> </mfrac> </mrow> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle {\frac {\Sigma _{i}^{a}}{\rho }}}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/7afc37f8fa43c1fec96d12c124f958e22bcef738" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -2.338ex; width:3.616ex; height:6.176ex;" alt="{\displaystyle {\frac {\Sigma _{i}^{a}}{\rho }}}"></span></i><sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>, quindi la dose assorbita viene esplicitata: </p> <dl><dd><span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle D={\frac {1}{\rho }}\sum _{i=1}^{n}C_{i}\Sigma _{i}^{a}E_{i}}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mi>D</mi> <mo>=</mo> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mfrac> <mn>1</mn> <mi>ρ</mi> </mfrac> </mrow> <munderover> <mo>∑</mo> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mi>i</mi> <mo>=</mo> <mn>1</mn> </mrow> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mi>n</mi> </mrow> </munderover> <msub> <mi>C</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mi>i</mi> </mrow> </msub> <msubsup> <mi mathvariant="normal">Σ</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mi>i</mi> </mrow> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mi>a</mi> </mrow> </msubsup> <msub> <mi>E</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mi>i</mi> </mrow> </msub> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle D={\frac {1}{\rho }}\sum _{i=1}^{n}C_{i}\Sigma _{i}^{a}E_{i}}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/7cb316f4b7e6dc9539c613b57e635bc92dcd8150" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -3.005ex; width:18.946ex; height:6.843ex;" alt="{\displaystyle D={\frac {1}{\rho }}\sum _{i=1}^{n}C_{i}\Sigma _{i}^{a}E_{i}}"></span>,</dd></dl> <p>che in forma <a href="/wiki/Integrale" title="Integrale">integrale</a> diventa, se la radiazione ha una <a href="/w/index.php?title=Distribuzione_energetica&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Distribuzione energetica (la pagina non esiste)">distribuzione energetica</a> compresa tra E<sub>min</sub> ed E<sub>max</sub>: </p> <dl><dd><span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle D={\frac {1}{\rho }}\int _{E_{min}}^{E_{max}}C(E)\Sigma ^{a}(E)\operatorname {d} E}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mi>D</mi> <mo>=</mo> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mfrac> <mn>1</mn> <mi>ρ</mi> </mfrac> </mrow> <msubsup> <mo>∫</mo> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <msub> <mi>E</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mi>m</mi> <mi>i</mi> <mi>n</mi> </mrow> </msub> </mrow> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <msub> <mi>E</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mi>m</mi> <mi>a</mi> <mi>x</mi> </mrow> </msub> </mrow> </msubsup> <mi>C</mi> <mo stretchy="false">(</mo> <mi>E</mi> <mo stretchy="false">)</mo> <msup> <mi mathvariant="normal">Σ</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mi>a</mi> </mrow> </msup> <mo stretchy="false">(</mo> <mi>E</mi> <mo stretchy="false">)</mo> <mi mathvariant="normal">d</mi> <mo>⁡</mo> <mi>E</mi> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle D={\frac {1}{\rho }}\int _{E_{min}}^{E_{max}}C(E)\Sigma ^{a}(E)\operatorname {d} E}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/2734e07ce116de9afad5292fbd3698ebd93dbdc5" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -2.671ex; width:30.108ex; height:6.509ex;" alt="{\displaystyle D={\frac {1}{\rho }}\int _{E_{min}}^{E_{max}}C(E)\Sigma ^{a}(E)\operatorname {d} E}"></span>,</dd></dl> <p>quindi la dose ceduta da un certo livello energetico vale: </p> <dl><dd><span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle {\frac {\operatorname {d} D}{\operatorname {d} E}}={\frac {C(E)}{\rho }}\Sigma ^{a}(E)}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mfrac> <mrow> <mi mathvariant="normal">d</mi> <mo>⁡</mo> <mi>D</mi> </mrow> <mrow> <mi mathvariant="normal">d</mi> <mo>⁡</mo> <mi>E</mi> </mrow> </mfrac> </mrow> <mo>=</mo> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mfrac> <mrow> <mi>C</mi> <mo stretchy="false">(</mo> <mi>E</mi> <mo stretchy="false">)</mo> </mrow> <mi>ρ</mi> </mfrac> </mrow> <msup> <mi mathvariant="normal">Σ</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mi>a</mi> </mrow> </msup> <mo stretchy="false">(</mo> <mi>E</mi> <mo stretchy="false">)</mo> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle {\frac {\operatorname {d} D}{\operatorname {d} E}}={\frac {C(E)}{\rho }}\Sigma ^{a}(E)}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/3704fd032c5eecefc34da9eb9b4c7aecfcdecbed" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -2.338ex; width:20.091ex; height:6.176ex;" alt="{\displaystyle {\frac {\operatorname {d} D}{\operatorname {d} E}}={\frac {C(E)}{\rho }}\Sigma ^{a}(E)}"></span>.</dd></dl> <p>Possiamo quindi riscrivere la dose come: </p> <dl><dd><span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle D=C\sum _{i=1}^{n}f_{i}\left({\frac {\operatorname {d} D}{\operatorname {d} E}}\right)_{i}E_{i}}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mi>D</mi> <mo>=</mo> <mi>C</mi> <munderover> <mo>∑</mo> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mi>i</mi> <mo>=</mo> <mn>1</mn> </mrow> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mi>n</mi> </mrow> </munderover> <msub> <mi>f</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mi>i</mi> </mrow> </msub> <msub> <mrow> <mo>(</mo> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mfrac> <mrow> <mi mathvariant="normal">d</mi> <mo>⁡</mo> <mi>D</mi> </mrow> <mrow> <mi mathvariant="normal">d</mi> <mo>⁡</mo> <mi>E</mi> </mrow> </mfrac> </mrow> <mo>)</mo> </mrow> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mi>i</mi> </mrow> </msub> <msub> <mi>E</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mi>i</mi> </mrow> </msub> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle D=C\sum _{i=1}^{n}f_{i}\left({\frac {\operatorname {d} D}{\operatorname {d} E}}\right)_{i}E_{i}}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/fdb6b11ed30d3ca18959a47bac9954263aaec950" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -3.005ex; width:24.033ex; height:6.843ex;" alt="{\displaystyle D=C\sum _{i=1}^{n}f_{i}\left({\frac {\operatorname {d} D}{\operatorname {d} E}}\right)_{i}E_{i}}"></span>,</dd></dl> <p>dove f<sub>i</sub> è la frazione del campo di radiazione della i-esima componente sul campo totale C. Spesso è interesse riferirsi al <b>tasso di dose assorbito</b> che corrisponde a: </p> <dl><dd><span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle {\dot {D}}={\frac {\operatorname {d} P}{\operatorname {d} m}}}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mover> <mi>D</mi> <mo>˙</mo> </mover> </mrow> </mrow> <mo>=</mo> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mfrac> <mrow> <mi mathvariant="normal">d</mi> <mo>⁡</mo> <mi>P</mi> </mrow> <mrow> <mi mathvariant="normal">d</mi> <mo>⁡</mo> <mi>m</mi> </mrow> </mfrac> </mrow> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle {\dot {D}}={\frac {\operatorname {d} P}{\operatorname {d} m}}}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/8e1b4a78b9b4879bcf8d65f6ebfe25cf63403c05" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -2.005ex; width:9.579ex; height:5.509ex;" alt="{\displaystyle {\dot {D}}={\frac {\operatorname {d} P}{\operatorname {d} m}}}"></span>,</dd></dl> <p>dove P è la potenza totale assorbita dal fascio. Il tasso si misura nel Sistema Internazionale in Gy/s, ed è solitamente piccolo in quest'unità per cui di fatto si usano i sottomultipli: μGy/s, oppure il Gy/Y (annuo) che però non rientra ovviamente nel Sistema internazionale. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Sorgente_puntiforme_isotropa">Sorgente puntiforme isotropa</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Dose_assorbita&veaction=edit&section=1" title="Modifica la sezione Sorgente puntiforme isotropa" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modifica</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Dose_assorbita&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section's source code: Sorgente puntiforme isotropa"><span>modifica wikitesto</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Una sorgente puntiforme a una distanza <i>r</i> dal corpo (fisicamente una sorgente reale abbastanza distante) che generi un flusso N isotropo nello spazio non attenuato dal mezzo, per il <a href="/wiki/Teorema_del_flusso" title="Teorema del flusso">teorema di Gauss</a> genera un campo: </p> <dl><dd><span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle C(r)={\frac {N(r)}{4\pi r^{2}}}}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mi>C</mi> <mo stretchy="false">(</mo> <mi>r</mi> <mo stretchy="false">)</mo> <mo>=</mo> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mfrac> <mrow> <mi>N</mi> <mo stretchy="false">(</mo> <mi>r</mi> <mo stretchy="false">)</mo> </mrow> <mrow> <mn>4</mn> <mi>π</mi> <msup> <mi>r</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>2</mn> </mrow> </msup> </mrow> </mfrac> </mrow> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle C(r)={\frac {N(r)}{4\pi r^{2}}}}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/f8e5f9a93bf46ff7c605918bcadacd54e6c19797" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -2.171ex; width:13.48ex; height:6.009ex;" alt="{\displaystyle C(r)={\frac {N(r)}{4\pi r^{2}}}}"></span>,</dd></dl> <p>la cui derivata prima vale: </p> <dl><dd><span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle {\dot {C}}={\frac {{\dot {N}}(r)}{4\pi r^{2}}}}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mover> <mi>C</mi> <mo>˙</mo> </mover> </mrow> </mrow> <mo>=</mo> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mfrac> <mrow> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mover> <mi>N</mi> <mo>˙</mo> </mover> </mrow> </mrow> <mo stretchy="false">(</mo> <mi>r</mi> <mo stretchy="false">)</mo> </mrow> <mrow> <mn>4</mn> <mi>π</mi> <msup> <mi>r</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>2</mn> </mrow> </msup> </mrow> </mfrac> </mrow> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle {\dot {C}}={\frac {{\dot {N}}(r)}{4\pi r^{2}}}}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/ea86d8176e4c793c8ea1ca90b372b53ae8ef83fc" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -2.171ex; width:10.622ex; height:6.343ex;" alt="{\displaystyle {\dot {C}}={\frac {{\dot {N}}(r)}{4\pi r^{2}}}}"></span>,</dd></dl> <p>dove <i><span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle {\dot {N}}}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mover> <mi>N</mi> <mo>˙</mo> </mover> </mrow> </mrow> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle {\dot {N}}}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/6c29de9e204cb6bd93c6047f5f1ae13c143dea34" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.338ex; width:2.064ex; height:2.676ex;" alt="{\displaystyle {\dot {N}}}"></span></i> è l'<a href="/wiki/Attivit%C3%A0_(fisica)" class="mw-redirect" title="Attività (fisica)">attività</a> della sorgente: Perciò in generale il tasso di dose ricevuto senza attenuazione vale: </p> <dl><dd><span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle {\dot {D}}=\sum _{i=1}^{n}f_{i}d_{i}E_{i}{\frac {\dot {N}}{4\pi r^{2}}}}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mover> <mi>D</mi> <mo>˙</mo> </mover> </mrow> </mrow> <mo>=</mo> <munderover> <mo>∑</mo> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mi>i</mi> <mo>=</mo> <mn>1</mn> </mrow> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mi>n</mi> </mrow> </munderover> <msub> <mi>f</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mi>i</mi> </mrow> </msub> <msub> <mi>d</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mi>i</mi> </mrow> </msub> <msub> <mi>E</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mi>i</mi> </mrow> </msub> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mfrac> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mover> <mi>N</mi> <mo>˙</mo> </mover> </mrow> <mrow> <mn>4</mn> <mi>π</mi> <msup> <mi>r</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>2</mn> </mrow> </msup> </mrow> </mfrac> </mrow> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle {\dot {D}}=\sum _{i=1}^{n}f_{i}d_{i}E_{i}{\frac {\dot {N}}{4\pi r^{2}}}}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/b6ec4556bb94ab041dd1bb559a149bad68fa9d8d" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -3.005ex; width:20.661ex; height:7.009ex;" alt="{\displaystyle {\dot {D}}=\sum _{i=1}^{n}f_{i}d_{i}E_{i}{\frac {\dot {N}}{4\pi r^{2}}}}"></span>,</dd></dl> <p>Si definisce ora la <b>Costante di dose</b> <b>Γ</b> propria di un radioisotopo il valore <span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle {\frac {\sum _{i=1}^{n}f_{i}d_{i}E_{i}}{4\pi }}}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mfrac> <mrow> <munderover> <mo>∑</mo> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mi>i</mi> <mo>=</mo> <mn>1</mn> </mrow> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mi>n</mi> </mrow> </munderover> <msub> <mi>f</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mi>i</mi> </mrow> </msub> <msub> <mi>d</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mi>i</mi> </mrow> </msub> <msub> <mi>E</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mi>i</mi> </mrow> </msub> </mrow> <mrow> <mn>4</mn> <mi>π</mi> </mrow> </mfrac> </mrow> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle {\frac {\sum _{i=1}^{n}f_{i}d_{i}E_{i}}{4\pi }}}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/6cabf053dc361b4e082ee07cd437a26edc1bb166" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -1.838ex; width:13.04ex; height:5.843ex;" alt="{\displaystyle {\frac {\sum _{i=1}^{n}f_{i}d_{i}E_{i}}{4\pi }}}"></span>, e nel caso più generale in cui vi sia uno spessore <i>x</i> di un attenuatore con sezione totale d'attenuazione (sezione d'assorbimento + sezione di deviazione) <i>Σ</i> frapposto fra sorgente e osservatore e fattore di geometria <i>B</i>, la legge diventa: </p> <dl><dd><span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle D=\Gamma {\frac {NB\mathrm {e} ^{-\Sigma x}}{r^{2}}},\qquad {\dot {D}}=\Gamma {\frac {{\dot {N}}B\mathrm {e} ^{-\Sigma x}}{r^{2}}}}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mi>D</mi> <mo>=</mo> <mi mathvariant="normal">Γ</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mfrac> <mrow> <mi>N</mi> <mi>B</mi> <msup> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mi mathvariant="normal">e</mi> </mrow> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mo>−</mo> <mi mathvariant="normal">Σ</mi> <mi>x</mi> </mrow> </msup> </mrow> <msup> <mi>r</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>2</mn> </mrow> </msup> </mfrac> </mrow> <mo>,</mo> <mspace width="2em" /> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mover> <mi>D</mi> <mo>˙</mo> </mover> </mrow> </mrow> <mo>=</mo> <mi mathvariant="normal">Γ</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mfrac> <mrow> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mover> <mi>N</mi> <mo>˙</mo> </mover> </mrow> </mrow> <mi>B</mi> <msup> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mi mathvariant="normal">e</mi> </mrow> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mo>−</mo> <mi mathvariant="normal">Σ</mi> <mi>x</mi> </mrow> </msup> </mrow> <msup> <mi>r</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>2</mn> </mrow> </msup> </mfrac> </mrow> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle D=\Gamma {\frac {NB\mathrm {e} ^{-\Sigma x}}{r^{2}}},\qquad {\dot {D}}=\Gamma {\frac {{\dot {N}}B\mathrm {e} ^{-\Sigma x}}{r^{2}}}}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/4d8abf1bc8811f42708504ae8f690b4a1c91d7a7" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -2.171ex; width:37.298ex; height:6.176ex;" alt="{\displaystyle D=\Gamma {\frac {NB\mathrm {e} ^{-\Sigma x}}{r^{2}}},\qquad {\dot {D}}=\Gamma {\frac {{\dot {N}}B\mathrm {e} ^{-\Sigma x}}{r^{2}}}}"></span>.</dd></dl> <p>Si riportano in tabella le costanti caratteristiche di alcuni radioisotopi frequenti: </p> <table class="wikitable sortable" style="text-align: right;"> <tbody><tr> <th align="left">Radioisotopo </th> <th align="center"><a href="/wiki/Numero_atomico" title="Numero atomico">Z</a> </th> <th align="center"><a href="/wiki/Numero_di_massa" title="Numero di massa">A</a> </th> <th align="center">Γ (<a href="/wiki/Elettronvolt" title="Elettronvolt">eV</a> <a href="/wiki/Metro" title="Metro">m</a><sup>2</sup> / <a href="/wiki/Chilogrammo" title="Chilogrammo">kg</a>) </th></tr> <tr> <th align="left"><a href="/wiki/Antimonio" title="Antimonio">Antimonio</a>-122 </th> <th>51 </th> <th>137 </th> <td><b>98.4</b> </td></tr> <tr> <th align="left"><a href="/wiki/Cesio_(elemento_chimico)" class="mw-redirect" title="Cesio (elemento chimico)">Cesio</a>-137 </th> <th>55 </th> <th>122 </th> <td><b>136</b> </td></tr> <tr> <th align="left"><a href="/wiki/Cromo" title="Cromo">Cromo</a>-51 </th> <th>24 </th> <th>51 </th> <td><b>65.4</b> </td></tr> <tr> <th align="left"><a href="/wiki/Cobalto-60" title="Cobalto-60">Cobalto-60</a> </th> <th>27 </th> <th>60 </th> <td><b>542</b> </td></tr> <tr> <th align="left"><a href="/wiki/Oro" title="Oro">Oro</a>-198 </th> <th>79 </th> <th>198 </th> <td><b>94.3</b> </td></tr> <tr> <th align="left"><a href="/wiki/Iodio" title="Iodio">Iodio</a>-125 </th> <th>53 </th> <th>125 </th> <td><b>28.7</b> </td></tr> <tr> <th align="left"><a href="/wiki/Iodio-131" title="Iodio-131">Iodio-131</a> </th> <th>53 </th> <th>131 </th> <td><b>90.2</b> </td></tr> <tr> <th align="left"><a href="/wiki/Iridio" title="Iridio">Iridio</a>-192 </th> <th>77 </th> <th>192 </th> <td><b>197</b> </td></tr> <tr> <th align="left"><a href="/wiki/Mercurio_(elemento_chimico)" title="Mercurio (elemento chimico)">Mercurio</a>-203 </th> <th>80 </th> <th>203 </th> <td><b>53.3</b> </td></tr> <tr> <th align="left"><a href="/wiki/Potassio" title="Potassio">Potassio</a>-42 </th> <th>19 </th> <th>42 </th> <td><b>81.9</b> </td></tr> <tr> <th align="left"><a href="/wiki/Radio_(elemento_chimico)" title="Radio (elemento chimico)">Radio</a>-226 </th> <th>88 </th> <th>226 </th> <td><b>339</b> </td></tr> <tr> <th align="left"><a href="/wiki/Sodio" title="Sodio">Sodio</a>-22 </th> <th>11 </th> <th>22 </th> <td><b>493</b> </td></tr> <tr> <th align="left"><a href="/wiki/Sodio" title="Sodio">Sodio</a>-24 </th> <th>11 </th> <th>24 </th> <td><b>755</b> </td></tr> <tr> <th align="left"><a href="/wiki/Zinco" title="Zinco">Zinco</a>-65 </th> <th>30 </th> <th>65 </th> <td><b>111</b> </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Sorgente_interna">Sorgente interna</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Dose_assorbita&veaction=edit&section=2" title="Modifica la sezione Sorgente interna" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modifica</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Dose_assorbita&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section's source code: Sorgente interna"><span>modifica wikitesto</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Il tasso di dose assorbito da un corpo che contenga <a href="/wiki/Isotopi_radioattivi" class="mw-redirect" title="Isotopi radioattivi">isotopi radioattivi</a> al suo interno è proporzionale alla sua <a href="/wiki/Attivit%C3%A0_(fisica)" class="mw-redirect" title="Attività (fisica)">attività</a>, poiché la distanza <i>d</i> della sorgente è nulla: </p> <dl><dd><span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle {\dot {D}}={\frac {\bar {E}}{m}}\,{\dot {N}}}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mover> <mi>D</mi> <mo>˙</mo> </mover> </mrow> </mrow> <mo>=</mo> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mfrac> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mover> <mi>E</mi> <mo stretchy="false">¯</mo> </mover> </mrow> <mi>m</mi> </mfrac> </mrow> <mspace width="thinmathspace" /> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mover> <mi>N</mi> <mo>˙</mo> </mover> </mrow> </mrow> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle {\dot {D}}={\frac {\bar {E}}{m}}\,{\dot {N}}}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/860e6c97e4a700829b90caa1a527fa187a81484a" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -1.838ex; width:10.35ex; height:5.676ex;" alt="{\displaystyle {\dot {D}}={\frac {\bar {E}}{m}}\,{\dot {N}}}"></span>,</dd></dl> <p>si definisce <span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle {\frac {\bar {E}}{m}}}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mfrac> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mover> <mi>E</mi> <mo stretchy="false">¯</mo> </mover> </mrow> <mi>m</mi> </mfrac> </mrow> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle {\frac {\bar {E}}{m}}}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/91d0f712ab6c69d735d610bc6ff0a45e71b83fdd" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -1.838ex; width:2.877ex; height:5.676ex;" alt="{\displaystyle {\frac {\bar {E}}{m}}}"></span> come energia efficace specifica (SEE), che risulta maggiore per la radiazione materiale rispetto a <a href="/wiki/Radiazione_gamma" class="mw-redirect" title="Radiazione gamma">quella non materiale</a>, e poiché in genere l'attività è uniformemente distribuita, si può passare all'attività massica: </p> <dl><dd><span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle {\dot {D}}={\bar {E}}\,{\dot {n}}}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mover> <mi>D</mi> <mo>˙</mo> </mover> </mrow> </mrow> <mo>=</mo> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mover> <mi>E</mi> <mo stretchy="false">¯</mo> </mover> </mrow> </mrow> <mspace width="thinmathspace" /> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mover> <mi>n</mi> <mo>˙</mo> </mover> </mrow> </mrow> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle {\dot {D}}={\bar {E}}\,{\dot {n}}}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/3c905f97ead60823bdc010bc65ae729090332be9" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.338ex; width:8.58ex; height:2.676ex;" alt="{\displaystyle {\dot {D}}={\bar {E}}\,{\dot {n}}}"></span></dd></dl> <p>Considerando la <a href="/wiki/Radioattivit%C3%A0#Tempo_di_decadimento" title="Radioattività">legge di decadimento</a>, in un corpo generico il rateo di dose tende a diminuire esponenzialmente nel tempo: </p> <dl><dd><span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle {\dot {D}}(t)={\bar {E}}\,{\dot {n}}_{0}\,\mathrm {e} ^{-{\frac {\ln 2t}{T_{\frac {1}{2}}}}}}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mover> <mi>D</mi> <mo>˙</mo> </mover> </mrow> </mrow> <mo stretchy="false">(</mo> <mi>t</mi> <mo stretchy="false">)</mo> <mo>=</mo> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mover> <mi>E</mi> <mo stretchy="false">¯</mo> </mover> </mrow> </mrow> <mspace width="thinmathspace" /> <msub> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mover> <mi>n</mi> <mo>˙</mo> </mover> </mrow> </mrow> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>0</mn> </mrow> </msub> <mspace width="thinmathspace" /> <msup> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mi mathvariant="normal">e</mi> </mrow> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mo>−</mo> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mfrac> <mrow> <mi>ln</mi> <mo>⁡</mo> <mn>2</mn> <mi>t</mi> </mrow> <msub> <mi>T</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mfrac> <mn>1</mn> <mn>2</mn> </mfrac> </mrow> </msub> </mfrac> </mrow> </mrow> </msup> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle {\dot {D}}(t)={\bar {E}}\,{\dot {n}}_{0}\,\mathrm {e} ^{-{\frac {\ln 2t}{T_{\frac {1}{2}}}}}}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/1a529624629881b564943ed805b14d1d00a41de6" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.838ex; width:18.7ex; height:6.343ex;" alt="{\displaystyle {\dot {D}}(t)={\bar {E}}\,{\dot {n}}_{0}\,\mathrm {e} ^{-{\frac {\ln 2t}{T_{\frac {1}{2}}}}}}"></span>,</dd></dl> <p>dove <span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle T_{\frac {1}{2}}}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <msub> <mi>T</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mfrac> <mn>1</mn> <mn>2</mn> </mfrac> </mrow> </msub> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle T_{\frac {1}{2}}}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/5f59daed94541ec9b379176f21aa76acbc4106fe" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -2.171ex; width:3.093ex; height:4.009ex;" alt="{\displaystyle T_{\frac {1}{2}}}"></span> è l'<a href="/wiki/Emivita_(fisica)" title="Emivita (fisica)">emivita</a> dell'isotopo <span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle (T_{\frac {1}{2}})_{F}}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mo stretchy="false">(</mo> <msub> <mi>T</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mfrac> <mn>1</mn> <mn>2</mn> </mfrac> </mrow> </msub> <msub> <mo stretchy="false">)</mo> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mi>F</mi> </mrow> </msub> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle (T_{\frac {1}{2}})_{F}}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/59b71776b17ac981029c3365ca8a5f233bc5bed0" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -2.171ex; width:6.366ex; height:4.176ex;" alt="{\displaystyle (T_{\frac {1}{2}})_{F}}"></span> per corpi inerti. Nel caso invece di un <a href="/wiki/Tessuto_biologico" class="mw-redirect" title="Tessuto biologico">tessuto biologico</a> il calo di attività può essere accelerato dall'<a href="/wiki/Escrezione" title="Escrezione">escrezione</a> dell'isotopo anch'essa esponenziale negativa rispetto alla concentrazione (attività) con emivita biologica <span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle (T_{\frac {1}{2}})_{B}}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mo stretchy="false">(</mo> <msub> <mi>T</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mfrac> <mn>1</mn> <mn>2</mn> </mfrac> </mrow> </msub> <msub> <mo stretchy="false">)</mo> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mi>B</mi> </mrow> </msub> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle (T_{\frac {1}{2}})_{B}}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/3e1a02d77c9fce0bf8e510f7ccf078e1edf72e48" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -2.171ex; width:6.382ex; height:4.176ex;" alt="{\displaystyle (T_{\frac {1}{2}})_{B}}"></span>, quindi di fatto al posto di <span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle T_{\frac {1}{2}}}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <msub> <mi>T</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mfrac> <mn>1</mn> <mn>2</mn> </mfrac> </mrow> </msub> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle T_{\frac {1}{2}}}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/5f59daed94541ec9b379176f21aa76acbc4106fe" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -2.171ex; width:3.093ex; height:4.009ex;" alt="{\displaystyle T_{\frac {1}{2}}}"></span> è sufficiente introdurre un'emivita effettiva diminuita <span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle T_{\frac {1}{2}}={\frac {(T_{\frac {1}{2}})_{F}\quad (T_{\frac {1}{2}})_{B}}{(T_{\frac {1}{2}})_{F}+(T_{\frac {1}{2}})_{B}}}}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <msub> <mi>T</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mfrac> <mn>1</mn> <mn>2</mn> </mfrac> </mrow> </msub> <mo>=</mo> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mfrac> <mrow> <mo stretchy="false">(</mo> <msub> <mi>T</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mfrac> <mn>1</mn> <mn>2</mn> </mfrac> </mrow> </msub> <msub> <mo stretchy="false">)</mo> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mi>F</mi> </mrow> </msub> <mspace width="1em" /> <mo stretchy="false">(</mo> <msub> <mi>T</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mfrac> <mn>1</mn> <mn>2</mn> </mfrac> </mrow> </msub> <msub> <mo stretchy="false">)</mo> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mi>B</mi> </mrow> </msub> </mrow> <mrow> <mo stretchy="false">(</mo> <msub> <mi>T</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mfrac> <mn>1</mn> <mn>2</mn> </mfrac> </mrow> </msub> <msub> <mo stretchy="false">)</mo> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mi>F</mi> </mrow> </msub> <mo>+</mo> <mo stretchy="false">(</mo> <msub> <mi>T</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mfrac> <mn>1</mn> <mn>2</mn> </mfrac> </mrow> </msub> <msub> <mo stretchy="false">)</mo> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mi>B</mi> </mrow> </msub> </mrow> </mfrac> </mrow> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle T_{\frac {1}{2}}={\frac {(T_{\frac {1}{2}})_{F}\quad (T_{\frac {1}{2}})_{B}}{(T_{\frac {1}{2}})_{F}+(T_{\frac {1}{2}})_{B}}}}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/da1cf522b92703eb5b46892d861a1e2af8f5f6e4" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -4.005ex; width:22.616ex; height:9.176ex;" alt="{\displaystyle T_{\frac {1}{2}}={\frac {(T_{\frac {1}{2}})_{F}\quad (T_{\frac {1}{2}})_{B}}{(T_{\frac {1}{2}})_{F}+(T_{\frac {1}{2}})_{B}}}}"></span>. Così introducendo la <b>dose iniziale</b> <span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle {\dot {D}}_{0}={\dot {n}}_{0}{\bar {E}}}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <msub> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mover> <mi>D</mi> <mo>˙</mo> </mover> </mrow> </mrow> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>0</mn> </mrow> </msub> <mo>=</mo> <msub> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mover> <mi>n</mi> <mo>˙</mo> </mover> </mrow> </mrow> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>0</mn> </mrow> </msub> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mover> <mi>E</mi> <mo stretchy="false">¯</mo> </mover> </mrow> </mrow> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle {\dot {D}}_{0}={\dot {n}}_{0}{\bar {E}}}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/71bcf9029bfb5f36f546a4a2306558902ee8c02f" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.671ex; width:10.302ex; height:3.009ex;" alt="{\displaystyle {\dot {D}}_{0}={\dot {n}}_{0}{\bar {E}}}"></span><sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>: </p> <dl><dd><span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle {\dot {D}}(t)={\dot {D}}_{0}\,e^{-{\frac {\ln 2\,t}{T_{\frac {1}{2}}}}}}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mover> <mi>D</mi> <mo>˙</mo> </mover> </mrow> </mrow> <mo stretchy="false">(</mo> <mi>t</mi> <mo stretchy="false">)</mo> <mo>=</mo> <msub> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mover> <mi>D</mi> <mo>˙</mo> </mover> </mrow> </mrow> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>0</mn> </mrow> </msub> <mspace width="thinmathspace" /> <msup> <mi>e</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mo>−</mo> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mfrac> <mrow> <mi>ln</mi> <mo>⁡</mo> <mn>2</mn> <mspace width="thinmathspace" /> <mi>t</mi> </mrow> <msub> <mi>T</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mfrac> <mn>1</mn> <mn>2</mn> </mfrac> </mrow> </msub> </mfrac> </mrow> </mrow> </msup> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle {\dot {D}}(t)={\dot {D}}_{0}\,e^{-{\frac {\ln 2\,t}{T_{\frac {1}{2}}}}}}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/25149f5d3aa5bdd17e38601c3f3d7d88292a080e" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.838ex; width:17.505ex; height:6.343ex;" alt="{\displaystyle {\dot {D}}(t)={\dot {D}}_{0}\,e^{-{\frac {\ln 2\,t}{T_{\frac {1}{2}}}}}}"></span>,</dd></dl> <p>si può valutare la <b>dose accumulata</b> all'istante t: </p><p><span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle D(t)=\int _{0}^{t}{\dot {D}}(t)\operatorname {d} t=\int _{0}^{t}{\dot {D}}_{0}e^{-{\frac {\ln 2t}{T_{\frac {1}{2}}}}}\operatorname {d} t={\frac {{\dot {D}}_{0}T_{\frac {1}{2}}}{\ln 2}}(1-e^{-{\frac {\ln 2t}{T_{\frac {1}{2}}}}})}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mi>D</mi> <mo stretchy="false">(</mo> <mi>t</mi> <mo stretchy="false">)</mo> <mo>=</mo> <msubsup> <mo>∫</mo> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>0</mn> </mrow> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mi>t</mi> </mrow> </msubsup> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mover> <mi>D</mi> <mo>˙</mo> </mover> </mrow> </mrow> <mo stretchy="false">(</mo> <mi>t</mi> <mo stretchy="false">)</mo> <mi mathvariant="normal">d</mi> <mo>⁡</mo> <mi>t</mi> <mo>=</mo> <msubsup> <mo>∫</mo> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>0</mn> </mrow> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mi>t</mi> </mrow> </msubsup> <msub> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mover> <mi>D</mi> <mo>˙</mo> </mover> </mrow> </mrow> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>0</mn> </mrow> </msub> <msup> <mi>e</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mo>−</mo> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mfrac> <mrow> <mi>ln</mi> <mo>⁡</mo> <mn>2</mn> <mi>t</mi> </mrow> <msub> <mi>T</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mfrac> <mn>1</mn> <mn>2</mn> </mfrac> </mrow> </msub> </mfrac> </mrow> </mrow> </msup> <mi mathvariant="normal">d</mi> <mo>⁡</mo> <mi>t</mi> <mo>=</mo> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mfrac> <mrow> <msub> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mover> <mi>D</mi> <mo>˙</mo> </mover> </mrow> </mrow> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>0</mn> </mrow> </msub> <msub> <mi>T</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mfrac> <mn>1</mn> <mn>2</mn> </mfrac> </mrow> </msub> </mrow> <mrow> <mi>ln</mi> <mo>⁡</mo> <mn>2</mn> </mrow> </mfrac> </mrow> <mo stretchy="false">(</mo> <mn>1</mn> <mo>−</mo> <msup> <mi>e</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mo>−</mo> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mfrac> <mrow> <mi>ln</mi> <mo>⁡</mo> <mn>2</mn> <mi>t</mi> </mrow> <msub> <mi>T</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mfrac> <mn>1</mn> <mn>2</mn> </mfrac> </mrow> </msub> </mfrac> </mrow> </mrow> </msup> <mo stretchy="false">)</mo> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle D(t)=\int _{0}^{t}{\dot {D}}(t)\operatorname {d} t=\int _{0}^{t}{\dot {D}}_{0}e^{-{\frac {\ln 2t}{T_{\frac {1}{2}}}}}\operatorname {d} t={\frac {{\dot {D}}_{0}T_{\frac {1}{2}}}{\ln 2}}(1-e^{-{\frac {\ln 2t}{T_{\frac {1}{2}}}}})}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/748d1d5a0fbd4c959f3b4561c2da3f3b6e8495b4" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -2.338ex; width:59.468ex; height:7.843ex;" alt="{\displaystyle D(t)=\int _{0}^{t}{\dot {D}}(t)\operatorname {d} t=\int _{0}^{t}{\dot {D}}_{0}e^{-{\frac {\ln 2t}{T_{\frac {1}{2}}}}}\operatorname {d} t={\frac {{\dot {D}}_{0}T_{\frac {1}{2}}}{\ln 2}}(1-e^{-{\frac {\ln 2t}{T_{\frac {1}{2}}}}})}"></span>, </p><p>e quindi la <b>dose impegnata</b> fin dall'inizio vale effettivamente: </p> <dl><dd><span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle D_{\infty }={\frac {{\dot {D}}_{0}T_{\frac {1}{2}}}{\ln 2}}}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <msub> <mi>D</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mi mathvariant="normal">∞</mi> </mrow> </msub> <mo>=</mo> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mfrac> <mrow> <msub> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mover> <mi>D</mi> <mo>˙</mo> </mover> </mrow> </mrow> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>0</mn> </mrow> </msub> <msub> <mi>T</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mfrac> <mn>1</mn> <mn>2</mn> </mfrac> </mrow> </msub> </mrow> <mrow> <mi>ln</mi> <mo>⁡</mo> <mn>2</mn> </mrow> </mfrac> </mrow> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle D_{\infty }={\frac {{\dot {D}}_{0}T_{\frac {1}{2}}}{\ln 2}}}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/70fb12e53d501d362c6c0e17b389af9c2d41466c" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -1.838ex; width:13.806ex; height:7.343ex;" alt="{\displaystyle D_{\infty }={\frac {{\dot {D}}_{0}T_{\frac {1}{2}}}{\ln 2}}}"></span>,</dd></dl> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Sorgente_infinita_isotropa">Sorgente infinita isotropa</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Dose_assorbita&veaction=edit&section=3" title="Modifica la sezione Sorgente infinita isotropa" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modifica</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Dose_assorbita&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section's source code: Sorgente infinita isotropa"><span>modifica wikitesto</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Nel caso invece in cui il flusso sia sempre isotropo ma esterno al corpo (cioè il corpo sia circondato da un mezzo radioattivo), ci si può riferire al caso precedente correggendolo attraverso la considerazione che ora l'irraggiamento verrà solo dall'esterno verso l'interno (quindi il flusso sarà dimezzato), e introducendo il rapporto fra i coefficienti di assorbimento <i>c</i> del corpo relativo al mezzo, </p> <dl><dd><span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle {\dot {D}}={\frac {c\,{\bar {E}}}{2}}{\dot {n}}}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mover> <mi>D</mi> <mo>˙</mo> </mover> </mrow> </mrow> <mo>=</mo> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mfrac> <mrow> <mi>c</mi> <mspace width="thinmathspace" /> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mover> <mi>E</mi> <mo stretchy="false">¯</mo> </mover> </mrow> </mrow> </mrow> <mn>2</mn> </mfrac> </mrow> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mover> <mi>n</mi> <mo>˙</mo> </mover> </mrow> </mrow> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle {\dot {D}}={\frac {c\,{\bar {E}}}{2}}{\dot {n}}}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/108e16560596c13845e959d0fcfeab383ec21cfa" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -1.838ex; width:10.423ex; height:5.676ex;" alt="{\displaystyle {\dot {D}}={\frac {c\,{\bar {E}}}{2}}{\dot {n}}}"></span>,</dd></dl> <p>dove in realtà la dose cala con la profondità <i>x</i> nel corpo, per effetto dell'attenuazione della radiazione che ha buona geometria: </p> <dl><dd><span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle {\dot {D}}(x)={\frac {c\,{\bar {E}}}{2}}\mathrm {e} ^{-\Sigma x}{\dot {n}}}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mover> <mi>D</mi> <mo>˙</mo> </mover> </mrow> </mrow> <mo stretchy="false">(</mo> <mi>x</mi> <mo stretchy="false">)</mo> <mo>=</mo> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mfrac> <mrow> <mi>c</mi> <mspace width="thinmathspace" /> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mover> <mi>E</mi> <mo stretchy="false">¯</mo> </mover> </mrow> </mrow> </mrow> <mn>2</mn> </mfrac> </mrow> <msup> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mi mathvariant="normal">e</mi> </mrow> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mo>−</mo> <mi mathvariant="normal">Σ</mi> <mi>x</mi> </mrow> </msup> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mover> <mi>n</mi> <mo>˙</mo> </mover> </mrow> </mrow> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle {\dot {D}}(x)={\frac {c\,{\bar {E}}}{2}}\mathrm {e} ^{-\Sigma x}{\dot {n}}}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/a8d3c7235dafe15fbd13c7c4b46d0c0a4310d322" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -1.838ex; width:18.232ex; height:5.676ex;" alt="{\displaystyle {\dot {D}}(x)={\frac {c\,{\bar {E}}}{2}}\mathrm {e} ^{-\Sigma x}{\dot {n}}}"></span>,</dd></dl> <p>si definisce <span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle {\frac {{\dot {n}}{\bar {E}}}{2}}\mathrm {e} ^{-\Sigma x}}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mfrac> <mrow> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mover> <mi>n</mi> <mo>˙</mo> </mover> </mrow> </mrow> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mover> <mi>E</mi> <mo stretchy="false">¯</mo> </mover> </mrow> </mrow> </mrow> <mn>2</mn> </mfrac> </mrow> <msup> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mi mathvariant="normal">e</mi> </mrow> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mo>−</mo> <mi mathvariant="normal">Σ</mi> <mi>x</mi> </mrow> </msup> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle {\frac {{\dot {n}}{\bar {E}}}{2}}\mathrm {e} ^{-\Sigma x}}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/58f88181f86541f0126c0608818a1665802a9964" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -1.838ex; width:8.676ex; height:5.676ex;" alt="{\displaystyle {\frac {{\dot {n}}{\bar {E}}}{2}}\mathrm {e} ^{-\Sigma x}}"></span> come fattore di conversione di dose (DCF). Nel caso del corpo umano in realtà si considerano i primi x = 70 <a href="/wiki/Micro_(prefisso)" title="Micro (prefisso)">μ</a><a href="/wiki/Metro" title="Metro">m</a> di <a href="/wiki/Pelle" title="Pelle">pelle</a> come insensibili, quindi la dose assorbita è effettivamente attenuata di un fattore: </p> <dl><dd><span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle {\dot {D}}_{70\mu m}={\dot {D}}\mathrm {e} ^{-\Sigma \cdot 70\mu m}}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <msub> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mover> <mi>D</mi> <mo>˙</mo> </mover> </mrow> </mrow> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>70</mn> <mi>μ</mi> <mi>m</mi> </mrow> </msub> <mo>=</mo> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mover> <mi>D</mi> <mo>˙</mo> </mover> </mrow> </mrow> <msup> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mi mathvariant="normal">e</mi> </mrow> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mo>−</mo> <mi mathvariant="normal">Σ</mi> <mo>⋅</mo> <mn>70</mn> <mi>μ</mi> <mi>m</mi> </mrow> </msup> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle {\dot {D}}_{70\mu m}={\dot {D}}\mathrm {e} ^{-\Sigma \cdot 70\mu m}}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/64c9b19133ea39ebd076946b5a4aca245ba8ee87" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -1.005ex; width:19.522ex; height:3.343ex;" alt="{\displaystyle {\dot {D}}_{70\mu m}={\dot {D}}\mathrm {e} ^{-\Sigma \cdot 70\mu m}}"></span></dd></dl> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Note">Note</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Dose_assorbita&veaction=edit&section=4" title="Modifica la sezione Note" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modifica</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Dose_assorbita&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section's source code: Note"><span>modifica wikitesto</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><a href="#cite_ref-1"><b>^</b></a> <span class="reference-text">dove (Σ<sub>a</sub>)<sub>i</sub> è la sezione d'urto di assorbimento macroscopica, e <i>ρ</i> la <a href="/wiki/Densit%C3%A0" title="Densità">densità</a> del bersaglio</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><a href="#cite_ref-2"><b>^</b></a> <span class="reference-text">in realtà è il tasso di dose iniziale, ma non vi è ambiguità poiché <span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle D_{0}=0}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <msub> <mi>D</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>0</mn> </mrow> </msub> <mo>=</mo> <mn>0</mn> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle D_{0}=0}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/c5750885227336b961ffc397aaa4dd2af1063cfb" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.671ex; width:7.239ex; height:2.509ex;" alt="{\displaystyle D_{0}=0}"></span></span> </li> </ol></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Bibliografia">Bibliografia</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Dose_assorbita&veaction=edit&section=5" title="Modifica la sezione Bibliografia" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modifica</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Dose_assorbita&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section's source code: Bibliografia"><span>modifica wikitesto</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><cite class="citation libro" style="font-style:normal"> C. Polvani, <span style="font-style:italic;">Elementi di Radioprotezione</span>, II edizione, Roma, Edizioni ENEA, 1993, <a href="/wiki/ISBN" title="ISBN">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Speciale:RicercaISBN/978-88-8286-234-3" title="Speciale:RicercaISBN/978-88-8286-234-3">978-88-8286-234-3</a>.</cite></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Voci_correlate">Voci correlate</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Dose_assorbita&veaction=edit&section=6" title="Modifica la sezione Voci correlate" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modifica</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Dose_assorbita&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section's source code: Voci correlate"><span>modifica wikitesto</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/CTDI" title="CTDI">CTDI</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dose_equivalente" title="Dose equivalente">Dose equivalente</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dose_efficace" title="Dose efficace">Dose efficace</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Radioattivit%C3%A0" title="Radioattività">Radioattività</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Altri_progetti">Altri progetti</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Dose_assorbita&veaction=edit&section=7" title="Modifica la sezione Altri progetti" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modifica</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Dose_assorbita&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section's source code: Altri progetti"><span>modifica wikitesto</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div id="interProject" class="toccolours" style="display: none; clear: both; margin-top: 2em"><p id="sisterProjects" style="background-color: #efefef; color: black; font-weight: bold; margin: 0"><span>Altri progetti</span></p><ul title="Collegamenti verso gli altri progetti Wikimedia"> <li class="" title=""><span class="plainlinks" title="commons:Category:Absorbed dose of ionizing radiation"><a class="external text" href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Absorbed_dose_of_ionizing_radiation?uselang=it">Wikimedia Commons</a></span></li></ul></div> <ul><li><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/?uselang=it" title="Collabora a Wikimedia Commons"><img alt="Collabora a Wikimedia Commons" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/18px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="18" height="24" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/27px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/36px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></a></span> <span class="plainlinks"><a class="external text" href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/?uselang=it">Wikimedia Commons</a></span> contiene immagini o altri file su <b><span class="plainlinks"><a class="external text" href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Absorbed_dose_of_ionizing_radiation?uselang=it">dose assorbita</a></span></b></li></ul> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r140554510">.mw-parser-output .CdA{border:1px solid #aaa;width:100%;margin:auto;font-size:90%;padding:2px}.mw-parser-output .CdA th{background-color:#f2f2f2;font-weight:bold;width:20%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .CdA{border-color:#54595D}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .CdA th{background-color:#202122}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .CdA{border-color:#54595D}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .CdA th{background-color:#202122}}</style><table class="CdA"><tbody><tr><th><a href="/wiki/Aiuto:Controllo_di_autorit%C3%A0" title="Aiuto:Controllo di autorità">Controllo di autorità</a></th><td><a href="/wiki/Gemeinsame_Normdatei" title="Gemeinsame Normdatei">GND</a> <span class="uid">(<span style="font-weight:bolder; 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position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Estratto da "<a dir="ltr" href="https://it.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Dose_assorbita&oldid=135800086">https://it.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Dose_assorbita&oldid=135800086</a>"</div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface"><div id="mw-normal-catlinks" class="mw-normal-catlinks"><a href="/wiki/Categoria:Categorie" title="Categoria:Categorie">Categoria</a>: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Categoria:Radioprotezione" title="Categoria:Radioprotezione">Radioprotezione</a></li></ul></div><div id="mw-hidden-catlinks" class="mw-hidden-catlinks mw-hidden-cats-hidden">Categorie nascoste: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Categoria:Senza_fonti_-_fisica" title="Categoria:Senza fonti - fisica">Senza fonti - fisica</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Categoria:Senza_fonti_-_ottobre_2008" title="Categoria:Senza fonti - ottobre 2008">Senza fonti - ottobre 2008</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Categoria:Voci_con_codice_GND" title="Categoria:Voci con codice GND">Voci con codice GND</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Categoria:Voci_non_biografiche_con_codici_di_controllo_di_autorit%C3%A0" title="Categoria:Voci non biografiche con codici di controllo di autorità">Voci non biografiche con codici di controllo di autorità</a></li></ul></div></div> </div> </main> </div> <div class="mw-footer-container"> <footer id="footer" class="mw-footer" > <ul id="footer-info"> <li id="footer-info-lastmod"> Questa pagina è stata modificata per l'ultima volta il 3 ott 2023 alle 14:34.</li> <li id="footer-info-copyright">Il testo è disponibile secondo la <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/deed.it">licenza Creative Commons Attribuzione-Condividi allo stesso modo</a>; 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