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<!DOCTYPE html> <html class="client-nojs" lang="en" dir="ltr"> <head><script type="text/javascript" src="/_static/js/bundle-playback.js?v=HxkREWBo" charset="utf-8"></script> <script type="text/javascript" src="/_static/js/wombat.js?v=txqj7nKC" charset="utf-8"></script> <script>window.RufflePlayer=window.RufflePlayer||{};window.RufflePlayer.config={"autoplay":"on","unmuteOverlay":"hidden"};</script> <script type="text/javascript" src="/_static/js/ruffle/ruffle.js"></script> <script type="text/javascript"> __wm.init("https://web.archive.org/web"); __wm.wombat("https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Help:Wikitext","20200413211606","https://web.archive.org/","web","/_static/", "1586812566"); </script> <link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="/_static/css/banner-styles.css?v=S1zqJCYt" /> <link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="/_static/css/iconochive.css?v=3PDvdIFv" />  <meta charset="UTF-8"/> <title>Help:Wikitext - Wikipedia</title> <script>document.documentElement.className="client-js";RLCONF={"wgBreakFrames":!1,"wgSeparatorTransformTable":["",""],"wgDigitTransformTable":["",""],"wgDefaultDateFormat":"dmy","wgMonthNames":["","January","February","March","April","May","June","July","August","September","October","November","December"],"wgRequestId":"596ca106-b3b2-4e43-a2d7-2d86425fe492","wgCSPNonce":!1,"wgCanonicalNamespace":"Help","wgCanonicalSpecialPageName":!1,"wgNamespaceNumber":12,"wgPageName":"Help:Wikitext","wgTitle":"Wikitext","wgCurRevisionId":947683188,"wgRevisionId":947683188,"wgArticleId":25302132,"wgIsArticle":!0,"wgIsRedirect":!1,"wgAction":"view","wgUserName":null,"wgUserGroups":["*"],"wgCategories":["Pages with syntax highlighting errors","Help pages with short description","Wikipedia semi-protected project pages","Pages using RFC magic links","Wikipedia how-to","Wikipedia editor help","Wikipedia text help","Wikipedia article elements help"],"wgPageContentLanguage":"en","wgPageContentModel": "wikitext","wgRelevantPageName":"Help:Wikitext","wgRelevantArticleId":25302132,"wgIsProbablyEditable":!1,"wgRelevantPageIsProbablyEditable":!1,"wgRestrictionEdit":["autoconfirmed"],"wgRestrictionMove":[],"wgMediaViewerOnClick":!0,"wgMediaViewerEnabledByDefault":!0,"wgPopupsReferencePreviews":!1,"wgPopupsConflictsWithNavPopupGadget":!1,"wgVisualEditor":{"pageLanguageCode":"en","pageLanguageDir":"ltr","pageVariantFallbacks":"en"},"wgMFDisplayWikibaseDescriptions":{"search":!0,"nearby":!0,"watchlist":!0,"tagline":!1},"wgWMESchemaEditAttemptStepOversample":!1,"wgULSCurrentAutonym":"English","wgNoticeProject":"wikipedia","wgWikibaseItemId":"Q6521720","wgCentralAuthMobileDomain":!1,"wgEditSubmitButtonLabelPublish":!0};RLSTATE={"ext.globalCssJs.user.styles":"ready","site.styles":"ready","noscript":"ready","user.styles":"ready","ext.globalCssJs.user":"ready","user":"ready","user.options":"loading","ext.pygments":"ready","ext.wikihiero":"ready","ext.math.styles" :"ready","jquery.makeCollapsible.styles":"ready","mediawiki.toc.styles":"ready","skins.vector.styles.legacy":"ready","wikibase.client.init":"ready","ext.visualEditor.desktopArticleTarget.noscript":"ready","ext.uls.interlanguage":"ready","ext.wikimediaBadges":"ready"};RLPAGEMODULES=["ext.math.scripts","ext.score.popup","site","mediawiki.page.startup","skins.vector.js","mediawiki.page.ready","jquery.makeCollapsible","mediawiki.toc","ext.gadget.ReferenceTooltips","ext.gadget.charinsert","ext.gadget.refToolbar","ext.gadget.extra-toolbar-buttons","ext.gadget.switcher","ext.centralauth.centralautologin","mmv.head","mmv.bootstrap.autostart","ext.popups","ext.visualEditor.desktopArticleTarget.init","ext.visualEditor.targetLoader","ext.eventLogging","ext.wikimediaEvents","ext.navigationTiming","ext.uls.compactlinks","ext.uls.interface","ext.cx.eventlogging.campaigns","ext.centralNotice.geoIP","ext.centralNotice.startUp"];</script> <script>(RLQ=window.RLQ||[]).push(function(){mw.loader.implement("user.options@1hzgi",function($,jQuery,require,module){/*@nomin*/mw.user.tokens.set({"patrolToken":"+\\","watchToken":"+\\","csrfToken":"+\\"}); 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margin:1em 0em;"><div class="hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/web/20200413211606/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Wikipedia_abbreviations" title="Wikipedia:Wikipedia abbreviations">Abbreviations</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20200413211606/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Edit_summary_legend" title="Wikipedia:Edit summary legend">Edit summaries</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20200413211606/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Glossary" title="Wikipedia:Glossary">Glossary</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20200413211606/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Shortcut_directory" title="Wikipedia:Shortcut directory">Shortcuts</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Wikitext</a> <ul><li><a href="/web/20200413211606/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Help:HTML_in_wikitext" title="Help:HTML in wikitext">HTML</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20200413211606/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Templates" title="Wikipedia:Templates">Templates</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/web/20200413211606/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Directories_and_indexes" title="Wikipedia:Directories and indexes">Directory</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table> <table class="plainlinks ombox ombox-notice" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><a href="/web/20200413211606/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Twemoji_1f527.svg" class="image"><img alt="Twemoji 1f527.svg" src="//web.archive.org/web/20200413211606im_/https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9e/Twemoji_1f527.svg/30px-Twemoji_1f527.svg.png" decoding="async" width="30" height="30" srcset="//web.archive.org/web/20200413211606im_/https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9e/Twemoji_1f527.svg/45px-Twemoji_1f527.svg.png 1.5x, //web.archive.org/web/20200413211606im_/https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9e/Twemoji_1f527.svg/60px-Twemoji_1f527.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="512"/></a></td><td class="mbox-text"><div style="padding-top: 6px; padding-bottom: 5px;"><b>This help page is a <a href="/web/20200413211606/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Project_namespace#Wikipedia_how-to_and_information_pages" title="Wikipedia:Project namespace">how-to guide</a>.</b><br/><div style="font-size: 90%;">It details processes or procedures of some aspect(s) of Wikipedia's norms and practices. It is not one of <a href="/web/20200413211606/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Policies_and_guidelines" title="Wikipedia:Policies and guidelines">Wikipedia's policies or guidelines</a>, as it has not been <a href="/web/20200413211606/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Consensus#Levels_of_consensus" title="Wikipedia:Consensus">thoroughly vetted by the community</a>.</div></div></td><td class="mbox-imageright"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r911143475">.mw-parser-output .module-shortcutboxplain{float:right;border:1px solid #aaa;background:#fff;margin:0 0 0 1em;padding:0.3em 0.6em 0.2em 0.6em;text-align:center;font-size:85%;font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .module-shortcutlist{display:inline-block;border-bottom:1px solid #aaa;margin-bottom:0.2em;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .module-shortcutanchordiv{position:relative;top:-3em}.mw-parser-output li .module-shortcutanchordiv{float:right}</style><div class="module-shortcutanchordiv"><span id="H:WT"></span><span id="H:MARKUP"></span><span id="H:WIKICODE"></span></div><div class="module-shortcutboxplain plainlist noprint" role="note"><div class="module-shortcutlist"><a href="/web/20200413211606/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Shortcut" title="Wikipedia:Shortcut">Shortcuts</a></div><ul><li><span class="plainlinks"><a class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200413211606/https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=H:WT&redirect=no">H:WT</a></span></li><li><span class="plainlinks"><a class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200413211606/https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=H:MARKUP&redirect=no">H:MARKUP</a></span></li><li><span class="plainlinks"><a class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200413211606/https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=H:WIKICODE&redirect=no">H:WIKICODE</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <table class="vertical-navbox nowraplinks plainlist" style="float:right;clear:right;width:22.0em;margin:0 0 1.0em 1.0em;background:#f9f9f9;border:1px solid #aaa;padding:0.2em;border-spacing:0.4em 0;text-align:center;line-height:1.4em;font-size:88%;width:auto;background:#f5faff;font-size:90%;line-height:1.6em;"><tbody><tr><th style="background:#cee0f2;;padding:0.2em 0.4em 0.2em;font-size:145%;line-height:1.2em;font-size:130%;padding-left:0.4em;padding-right:0.4em; display:block;margin-bottom:6px;"><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Wikitext</a></th></tr><tr><td style="padding:0 0.1em 0.4em;padding-top:0.15em;"> <ul><li><a href="/web/20200413211606/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Help:Cheatsheet" title="Help:Cheatsheet">Cheatsheet</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">All Wikitext</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20200413211606/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Help:Magic_links" title="Help:Magic links">Magic links</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20200413211606/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Help:Visual_file_markup" title="Help:Visual file markup">Visual files</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20200413211606/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Help:Sound_file_markup" title="Help:Sound file markup">Sound files</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20200413211606/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Help:Table" title="Help:Table">Tables</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20200413211606/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Help:A_quick_guide_to_templates" title="Help:A quick guide to templates">Using templates</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20200413211606/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Help:HTML_in_wikitext" title="Help:HTML in wikitext">Using HTML codes within Wikitext</a></li></ul></td> </tr><tr><td style="text-align:right;font-size:115%"><div class="plainlinks hlist navbar mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/web/20200413211606/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Template:Wikitext_navbox" title="Template:Wikitext navbox"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/web/20200413211606/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Template_talk:Wikitext_navbox" title="Template talk:Wikitext navbox"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200413211606/https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Template:Wikitext_navbox&action=edit"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <p><b>Wikitext</b>, also known as <b>Wiki markup</b> or <b>Wikicode</b>, consists of the syntax and keywords used by the <a href="/web/20200413211606/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/MediaWiki" title="MediaWiki">MediaWiki</a> software to format a page. To learn how to see this <a href="/web/20200413211606/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hypertext_markup" class="mw-redirect" title="Hypertext markup">hypertext markup</a>, and to save an edit, see: <a href="/web/20200413211606/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Help:Editing" title="Help:Editing">Help:Editing</a>. Generally, coding can be copied and pasted, without writing new code. There is a short list of markup and tips at <a href="/web/20200413211606/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Help:Cheatsheet" title="Help:Cheatsheet">Help:Cheatsheet</a>. </p><p>In addition to Wikitext, some <a href="/web/20200413211606/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/HTML_element" title="HTML element">HTML elements</a> are also allowed for presentation formatting. See <a href="/web/20200413211606/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Help:HTML_in_wikitext" title="Help:HTML in wikitext">Help:HTML in wikitext</a> for information on this. </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r886046785">.mw-parser-output .toclimit-2 .toclevel-1 ul,.mw-parser-output .toclimit-3 .toclevel-2 ul,.mw-parser-output .toclimit-4 .toclevel-3 ul,.mw-parser-output .toclimit-5 .toclevel-4 ul,.mw-parser-output .toclimit-6 .toclevel-5 ul,.mw-parser-output .toclimit-7 .toclevel-6 ul{display:none}</style><div class="toclimit-3"><div id="toc" class="toc" role="navigation" aria-labelledby="mw-toc-heading"><input type="checkbox" role="button" id="toctogglecheckbox" class="toctogglecheckbox" style="display:none"/><div class="toctitle" lang="en" dir="ltr"><h2 id="mw-toc-heading">Contents</h2><span class="toctogglespan"><label class="toctogglelabel" for="toctogglecheckbox"></label></span></div> <ul> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-1"><a href="#Layout"><span class="tocnumber">1</span> <span class="toctext">Layout</span></a> <ul> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-2"><a href="#Sections"><span class="tocnumber">1.1</span> <span class="toctext">Sections</span></a> <ul> <li class="toclevel-3 tocsection-3"><a href="#Section_headings"><span class="tocnumber">1.1.1</span> <span class="toctext">Section headings</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-3 tocsection-4"><a href="#Horizontal_rule"><span class="tocnumber">1.1.2</span> <span class="toctext">Horizontal rule</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-3 tocsection-5"><a href="#Table_of_contents"><span class="tocnumber">1.1.3</span> <span class="toctext">Table of contents</span></a></li> </ul> </li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-6"><a href="#Line_breaks"><span class="tocnumber">1.2</span> <span class="toctext">Line breaks</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-7"><a href="#Indent_text"><span class="tocnumber">1.3</span> <span class="toctext">Indent text</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-8"><a href="#Blockquote"><span class="tocnumber">1.4</span> <span class="toctext">Blockquote</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-9"><a href="#Center_text"><span class="tocnumber">1.5</span> <span class="toctext">Center text</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-10"><a href="#Align_text_to_right"><span class="tocnumber">1.6</span> <span class="toctext">Align text to right</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-11"><a href="#Lists"><span class="tocnumber">1.7</span> <span class="toctext">Lists</span></a> <ul> <li class="toclevel-3 tocsection-12"><a href="#Unordered_lists"><span class="tocnumber">1.7.1</span> <span class="toctext">Unordered lists</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-3 tocsection-13"><a href="#Ordered_lists"><span class="tocnumber">1.7.2</span> <span class="toctext">Ordered lists</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-3 tocsection-14"><a href="#Description_lists"><span class="tocnumber">1.7.3</span> <span class="toctext">Description lists</span></a></li> </ul> </li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-15"><a href="#Retaining_newlines_and_spaces"><span class="tocnumber">1.8</span> <span class="toctext">Retaining newlines and spaces</span></a></li> </ul> </li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-16"><a href="#Format"><span class="tocnumber">2</span> <span class="toctext">Format</span></a> <ul> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-17"><a href="#Text_formatting"><span class="tocnumber">2.1</span> <span class="toctext">Text formatting</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-18"><a href="#Special_characters"><span class="tocnumber">2.2</span> <span class="toctext">Special characters</span></a> <ul> <li class="toclevel-3 tocsection-19"><a href="#Diacritical_marks"><span class="tocnumber">2.2.1</span> <span class="toctext">Diacritical marks</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-3 tocsection-20"><a href="#Punctuation_special_characters"><span class="tocnumber">2.2.2</span> <span class="toctext">Punctuation special characters</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-3 tocsection-21"><a href="#Escaping_punctuation_characters"><span class="tocnumber">2.2.3</span> <span class="toctext">Escaping punctuation characters</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-3 tocsection-22"><a href="#Commercial_symbols"><span class="tocnumber">2.2.4</span> <span class="toctext">Commercial symbols</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-3 tocsection-23"><a href="#Greek_characters"><span class="tocnumber">2.2.5</span> <span class="toctext">Greek characters</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-3 tocsection-24"><a href="#Egyptian_hieroglyphs"><span class="tocnumber">2.2.6</span> <span class="toctext">Egyptian hieroglyphs</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-3 tocsection-25"><a href="#Chess_symbols"><span class="tocnumber">2.2.7</span> <span class="toctext">Chess symbols</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-3 tocsection-26"><a href="#Subscripts_and_superscripts"><span class="tocnumber">2.2.8</span> <span class="toctext">Subscripts and superscripts</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-3 tocsection-27"><a href="#Characters_in_the_Private_Use_Area,_and_invisible_formatting_characters"><span class="tocnumber">2.2.9</span> <span class="toctext">Characters in the Private Use Area, and invisible formatting characters</span></a></li> </ul> </li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-28"><a href="#Mathematical_characters_and_formulae"><span class="tocnumber">2.3</span> <span class="toctext">Mathematical characters and formulae</span></a> <ul> <li class="toclevel-3 tocsection-29"><a href="#Mathematical_characters"><span class="tocnumber">2.3.1</span> <span class="toctext">Mathematical characters</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-3 tocsection-30"><a href="#Mathematical_formulae"><span class="tocnumber">2.3.2</span> <span class="toctext">Mathematical formulae</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-3 tocsection-31"><a href="#Spacing_in_simple_math_formulae"><span class="tocnumber">2.3.3</span> <span class="toctext">Spacing in simple math formulae</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-3 tocsection-32"><a href="#Complicated_formulae"><span class="tocnumber">2.3.4</span> <span class="toctext">Complicated formulae</span></a></li> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-33"><a href="#Links_and_URLs"><span class="tocnumber">3</span> <span class="toctext">Links and URLs</span></a> <ul> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-34"><a href="#Free_links"><span class="tocnumber">3.1</span> <span class="toctext">Free links</span></a> <ul> <li class="toclevel-3 tocsection-35"><a href="#Link_to_another_wiki_article"><span class="tocnumber">3.1.1</span> <span class="toctext">Link to another wiki article</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-3 tocsection-36"><a href="#Renamed_link"><span class="tocnumber">3.1.2</span> <span class="toctext">Renamed link</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-3 tocsection-37"><a href="#Automatically_rename_links"><span class="tocnumber">3.1.3</span> <span class="toctext">Automatically rename links</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-3 tocsection-38"><a href="#Blend_link"><span class="tocnumber">3.1.4</span> <span class="toctext">Blend link</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-3 tocsection-39"><a href="#Link_to_a_section_of_a_page"><span class="tocnumber">3.1.5</span> <span class="toctext">Link to a section of a page</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-3 tocsection-40"><a href="#Create_a_page_link"><span class="tocnumber">3.1.6</span> <span class="toctext">Create a page link</span></a></li> </ul> </li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-41"><a href="#Redirects"><span class="tocnumber">3.2</span> <span class="toctext">Redirects</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-42"><a href="#Link_to_another_namespace"><span class="tocnumber">3.3</span> <span class="toctext">Link to another namespace</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-43"><a href="#Link_to_the_same_article_in_another_language_(interlanguage_links)"><span class="tocnumber">3.4</span> <span class="toctext">Link to the same article in another language (interlanguage links)</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-44"><a href="#Interwiki_link"><span class="tocnumber">3.5</span> <span class="toctext">Interwiki link</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-45"><a href="#Categories"><span class="tocnumber">3.6</span> <span class="toctext">Categories</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-46"><a href="#External_links"><span class="tocnumber">3.7</span> <span class="toctext">External links</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-47"><a href="#Automatic_links"><span class="tocnumber">3.8</span> <span class="toctext">Automatic links</span></a> <ul> <li class="toclevel-3 tocsection-48"><a href="#Book_sources"><span class="tocnumber">3.8.1</span> <span class="toctext">Book sources</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-3 tocsection-49"><a href="#RFC_number"><span class="tocnumber">3.8.2</span> <span class="toctext">RFC number</span></a></li> </ul> </li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-50"><a href="#Miscellaneous"><span class="tocnumber">3.9</span> <span class="toctext">Miscellaneous</span></a> <ul> <li class="toclevel-3 tocsection-51"><a href="#"As_of"_template"><span class="tocnumber">3.9.1</span> <span class="toctext">"As of" template</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-3 tocsection-52"><a href="#Media_link"><span class="tocnumber">3.9.2</span> <span class="toctext">Media link</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-3 tocsection-53"><a href="#Links_directly_into_edit_mode"><span class="tocnumber">3.9.3</span> <span class="toctext">Links directly into edit mode</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-3 tocsection-54"><a href="#Links_partially_italicized"><span class="tocnumber">3.9.4</span> <span class="toctext">Links partially italicized</span></a></li> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-55"><a href="#Pronunciation_aids"><span class="tocnumber">4</span> <span class="toctext">Pronunciation aids</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-56"><a href="#Musical_notation"><span class="tocnumber">5</span> <span class="toctext">Musical notation</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-57"><a href="#Images"><span class="tocnumber">6</span> <span class="toctext">Images</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-58"><a href="#Tables"><span class="tocnumber">7</span> <span class="toctext">Tables</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-59"><a href="#Columns"><span class="tocnumber">8</span> <span class="toctext">Columns</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-60"><a href="#References_and_citing_sources"><span class="tocnumber">9</span> <span class="toctext">References and citing sources</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-61"><a href="#Templates_and_transcluding_pages"><span class="tocnumber">10</span> <span class="toctext">Templates and transcluding pages</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-62"><a href="#Talk_and_project_pages"><span class="tocnumber">11</span> <span class="toctext">Talk and project pages</span></a> <ul> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-63"><a href="#Signing_comments"><span class="tocnumber">11.1</span> <span class="toctext">Signing comments</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-64"><a href="#Linking_to_old_revisions_of_pages,_diffs,_and_specific_history_pages"><span class="tocnumber">11.2</span> <span class="toctext">Linking to old revisions of pages, diffs, and specific history pages</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-65"><a href="#What_links_here,_and_recent_changes_linked"><span class="tocnumber">11.3</span> <span class="toctext">What links here, and recent changes linked</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-66"><a href="#User_edits"><span class="tocnumber">11.4</span> <span class="toctext">User edits</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-67"><a href="#Coloring_and_highlighting_text"><span class="tocnumber">11.5</span> <span class="toctext">Coloring and highlighting text</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-68"><a href="#Example_text"><span class="tocnumber">11.6</span> <span class="toctext">Example text</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-69"><a href="#Show_deleted_or_inserted_text"><span class="tocnumber">11.7</span> <span class="toctext">Show deleted or inserted text</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-70"><a href="#Strike_through"><span class="tocnumber">11.8</span> <span class="toctext">Strike through</span></a></li> </ul> </li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-71"><a href="#Limiting_formatting_/_escaping_wiki_markup"><span class="tocnumber">12</span> <span class="toctext">Limiting formatting / escaping wiki markup</span></a> <ul> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-72"><a href="#Nowiki"><span class="tocnumber">12.1</span> <span class="toctext">Nowiki</span></a> <ul> <li class="toclevel-3 tocsection-73"><a href="#Displaying_wikilinks"><span class="tocnumber">12.1.1</span> <span class="toctext">Displaying wikilinks</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-3 tocsection-74"><a href="#Displaying_template_calls"><span class="tocnumber">12.1.2</span> <span class="toctext">Displaying template calls</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-3 tocsection-75"><a href="#Displaying_magic_words"><span class="tocnumber">12.1.3</span> <span class="toctext">Displaying magic words</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-3 tocsection-76"><a href="#Displaying_tags"><span class="tocnumber">12.1.4</span> <span class="toctext">Displaying tags</span></a></li> </ul> </li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-77"><a href="#Pre"><span class="tocnumber">12.2</span> <span class="toctext">Pre</span></a></li> </ul> </li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-78"><a href="#Invisible_text_(comments)"><span class="tocnumber">13</span> <span class="toctext">Invisible text (comments)</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-79"><a href="#Variables"><span class="tocnumber">14</span> <span class="toctext">Variables</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-80"><a href="#HTML"><span class="tocnumber">15</span> <span class="toctext">HTML</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-81"><a href="#Common_templates"><span class="tocnumber">16</span> <span class="toctext">Common templates</span></a> <ul> <li class="toclevel-2"><a href="#Image"><span class="tocnumber">16.1</span> <span class="toctext">Image</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-2"><a href="#Cite_Web"><span class="tocnumber">16.2</span> <span class="toctext">Cite Web</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-2"><a href="#Cite_Journal"><span class="tocnumber">16.3</span> <span class="toctext">Cite Journal</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-2"><a href="#Cite_Book_(Short)"><span class="tocnumber">16.4</span> <span class="toctext">Cite Book (Short)</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-2"><a href="#Cite_Book_(Extended)"><span class="tocnumber">16.5</span> <span class="toctext">Cite Book (Extended)</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-2"><a href="#Metric_Conversions"><span class="tocnumber">16.6</span> <span class="toctext">Metric Conversions</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-2"><a href="#Variables_2"><span class="tocnumber">16.7</span> <span class="toctext">Variables</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-2"><a href="#Recalling_Named_Reference"><span class="tocnumber">16.8</span> <span class="toctext">Recalling Named Reference</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-2"><a href="#Quote"><span class="tocnumber">16.9</span> <span class="toctext">Quote</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-2"><a href="#Blockquote_2"><span class="tocnumber">16.10</span> <span class="toctext">Blockquote</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-2"><a href="#About"><span class="tocnumber">16.11</span> <span class="toctext">About</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-2"><a href="#Table_(Borderless)"><span class="tocnumber">16.12</span> <span class="toctext">Table (Borderless)</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-2"><a href="#Table_Style_1"><span class="tocnumber">16.13</span> <span class="toctext">Table Style 1</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-2"><a href="#Table_Style_2_(Wikitable)"><span class="tocnumber">16.14</span> <span class="toctext">Table Style 2 (Wikitable)</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-2"><a href="#Collapsible_Table,_Default:_Collapsed"><span class="tocnumber">16.15</span> <span class="toctext">Collapsible Table, Default: Collapsed</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-2"><a href="#Columns_2"><span class="tocnumber">16.16</span> <span class="toctext">Columns</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-2"><a href="#Interwiki"><span class="tocnumber">16.17</span> <span class="toctext">Interwiki</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-2"><a href="#Vandalism_Response_Templates"><span class="tocnumber">16.18</span> <span class="toctext">Vandalism Response Templates</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-2"><a href="#Page_Citation"><span class="tocnumber">16.19</span> <span class="toctext">Page Citation</span></a></li> </ul> </li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-82"><a href="#See_also"><span class="tocnumber">17</span> <span class="toctext">See also</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <h2><span class="mw-headline" id="Layout">Layout</span></h2> <h3><span class="mw-headline" id="Sections">Sections</span></h3> <p>Sections in a page will follow the page's <a href="/web/20200413211606/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:LEAD" class="mw-redirect" title="Wikipedia:LEAD">lead/introduction</a>, and under certain conditions, the <a href="/web/20200413211606/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:TOC" class="mw-redirect" title="Wikipedia:TOC">table of contents</a>. </p> <h4><span class="mw-headline" id="Section_headings">Section headings</span></h4> <div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Further information: <a href="/web/20200413211606/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Help:Section" title="Help:Section">Help:Section</a> and <a href="/web/20200413211606/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/MOS:HEAD" class="mw-redirect" title="MOS:HEAD">MOS:HEAD</a></div> <p>The <code>=</code> through <code>======</code> markup are headings for the sections with which they are associated. </p> <ul><li>A single = is styled as the article title and should not be used within an article.</li> <li>Headings are styled through <a href="/web/20200413211606/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CSS" class="mw-redirect" title="CSS">CSS</a> and add an <code>[edit]</code> link. <a href="/web/20200413211606/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Help:Cascading_Style_Sheets#Wiki_headings" title="Help:Cascading Style Sheets">See this section</a> for the relevant CSS.</li> <li>Four or more headings cause a table of contents to be generated automatically.</li> <li>Do not use <em>any</em> markup after the final heading markup – this will either break the heading, or will cause the heading to not be included in an edit summary.</li></ul> <p><br/> </p> <table style="table-layout:fixed; width:100%; margin-top:0;margin-left:0; border-width:medium; padding:0;"> <tbody><tr> <th scope="col" style="width:50%;">Markup</th> <th scope="col" style="width:50%;">Renders as  </th></tr> <tr> <td style="width:50%; background:#f9f9f9; border-width:1px;border-style:solid none none solid;border-color:#ddd; padding:9px 5px 5px; vertical-align:top;"><pre style="margin:0;border:none;padding:0; word-wrap:break-word; white-space:-moz-pre-wrap;white-space:-o-pre-wrap;white-space:-pre-wrap;white-space:pre-wrap; ">= Heading 1 = == Heading 2 == === Heading 3 === ==== Heading 4 ==== ===== Heading 5 ===== ====== Heading 6 ====== </pre> </td> <td style="width:50%; background:#f9f9f9; border-width:1px;border-style:solid solid none solid;border-color:#ddd; padding:5px; vertical-align:top;"><div style=""> <div style="color: #000000; background: none; overflow: hidden; page-break-after: avoid; font-size: 1.8em; font-family: Georgia,Times,serif; margin-top: 1em; margin-bottom: 0.25em; line-height: 1.3; padding: 0; border-bottom: 1px solid #AAAAAA;">Heading 1</div> <div style="color: #000000; background: none; overflow: hidden; page-break-after: avoid; font-size: 1.5em; font-family: Georgia,Times,serif; margin-top: 1em; margin-bottom: 0.25em; line-height: 1.3; padding: 0; border-bottom: 1px solid #AAAAAA;">Heading 2</div> <div style="color: #000000; background: none; overflow: hidden; page-break-after: avoid; font-size: 1.17em; font-weight: bold; margin-top: 0.3em; margin-bottom: 0; line-height: 1.6; padding-top: 0.5em; padding-bottom: 0;">Heading 3</div> <div style="color: #000000; background: none; overflow: hidden; page-break-after: avoid; font-size: 100%; font-weight: bold; margin-top: 0.3em; margin-bottom: 0; line-height: 1.6; padding-top: 0.5em; padding-bottom: 0;">Heading 4</div> <div style="color: #000000; background: none; overflow: hidden; page-break-after: avoid; font-size: 100%; font-weight: bold; margin-top: 0.3em; margin-bottom: 0; line-height: 1.6; padding-top: 0.5em; padding-bottom: 0;">Heading 5</div> <div style="color: #000000; background: none; overflow: hidden; page-break-after: avoid; font-size: 100%; font-weight: bold; margin-top: 0.3em; margin-bottom: 0; line-height: 1.6; padding-top: 0.5em; padding-bottom: 0;">Heading 6</div> </div> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="width:50%; border-width:1px;border-style:solid none none none;border-color:#ddd; padding:5px; vertical-align:top;"> </td> <td style="width:50%; border-width:1px;border-style:solid none none none;border-color:#ddd; padding:5px; vertical-align:top;"> </td></tr></tbody></table> <p><br/> Templates: {{<a href="/web/20200413211606/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Template:Fake_heading" title="Template:Fake heading">fake heading</a>}} for use in documentation. </p> <h4><span class="mw-headline" id="Horizontal_rule">Horizontal rule</span></h4> <div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Further information: <a href="/web/20200413211606/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:LINE" class="mw-redirect" title="Wikipedia:LINE">WP:LINE</a></div> <p>The horizontal rule represents a paragraph-level thematic break. Do not use in article content, as rules are used only after main sections, and this is automatic. </p> <table style="table-layout:fixed; width:100%; margin-top:0;margin-left:0; border-width:medium; padding:0;"> <tbody><tr> <th scope="col" style="width:50%;">Markup</th> <th scope="col" style="width:50%;">Renders as  </th></tr> <tr> <td style="width:50%; background:#f9f9f9; border-width:1px;border-style:solid none none solid;border-color:#ddd; padding:9px 5px 5px; vertical-align:top;"><pre style="margin:0;border:none;padding:0; word-wrap:break-word; white-space:-moz-pre-wrap;white-space:-o-pre-wrap;white-space:-pre-wrap;white-space:pre-wrap; ">----</pre> </td> <td style="width:50%; background:#f9f9f9; border-width:1px;border-style:solid solid none solid;border-color:#ddd; padding:5px; vertical-align:top;"><div style=""> <p>
 </p> <hr/> </div> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="width:50%; border-width:1px;border-style:solid none none none;border-color:#ddd; padding:5px; vertical-align:top;"> </td> <td style="width:50%; border-width:1px;border-style:solid none none none;border-color:#ddd; padding:5px; vertical-align:top;"> </td></tr></tbody></table> <p>HTML equivalent: <code class="nowrap" style=""><hr /></code> </p> <h4><span class="mw-headline" id="Table_of_contents">Table of contents</span></h4> <div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Further information: <a href="/web/20200413211606/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:TOC" class="mw-redirect" title="Wikipedia:TOC">WP:TOC</a></div> <p>When a page has at least four headings, a table of contents (TOC) will automatically appear after the lead and before the first heading. The TOC can be controlled by magic words or templates: </p> <ul><li><code>__FORCETOC__</code> forces the TOC to appear at the normal location regardless of the number of headings.</li> <li><code>__TOC__</code> forces the TOC to appear at the point where the magic word is inserted instead of the normal location.</li> <li><code>__NOTOC__</code> disables the TOC entirely.</li> <li>{{<a href="/web/20200413211606/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Template:TOC_limit" title="Template:TOC limit">TOC limit</a>}} can be used to control the depth of subsections included in the TOC. This is useful where the TOC is long and unwieldy.</li> <li><a href="/web/20200413211606/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Category:Wikipedia_table_of_contents_templates" title="Category:Wikipedia table of contents templates">Category:Wikipedia table of contents templates</a> contains a number of specialized TOC templates.</li></ul> <h3><span class="mw-headline" id="Line_breaks">Line breaks</span></h3> <div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Further information: <a href="/web/20200413211606/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Line-break_handling" class="mw-redirect" title="Wikipedia:Line-break handling">Wikipedia:Line-break handling</a> and <a href="/web/20200413211606/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Don%27t_use_line_breaks" class="mw-redirect" title="Wikipedia:Don't use line breaks">Wikipedia:Don't use line breaks</a></div> <p>Line breaks or newlines are used to add whitespace between lines, such as separating paragraphs. </p> <ul><li>A line break that is visible in the content is inserted by pressing <kbd class="keyboard-key nowrap" style="border: 1px solid #aaa; -moz-border-radius: 0.2em; -webkit-border-radius: 0.2em; border-radius: 0.2em; -moz-box-shadow: 0.1em 0.1em 0.2em rgba(0,0,0,0.1); -webkit-box-shadow: 0.1em 0.1em 0.2em rgba(0,0,0,0.1); box-shadow: 0.1em 0.1em 0.2em rgba(0,0,0,0.1); background-color: #f9f9f9; background-image: -moz-linear-gradient(top, #eee, #f9f9f9, #eee); background-image: -o-linear-gradient(top, #eee, #f9f9f9, #eee); background-image: -webkit-linear-gradient(top, #eee, #f9f9f9, #eee); background-image: linear-gradient(to bottom, #eee, #f9f9f9, #eee); color: #000; padding: 0.1em 0.3em; font-family: inherit; font-size: 0.85em;">↵ Enter</kbd> twice.</li> <li>Pressing <kbd class="keyboard-key nowrap" style="border: 1px solid #aaa; -moz-border-radius: 0.2em; -webkit-border-radius: 0.2em; border-radius: 0.2em; -moz-box-shadow: 0.1em 0.1em 0.2em rgba(0,0,0,0.1); -webkit-box-shadow: 0.1em 0.1em 0.2em rgba(0,0,0,0.1); box-shadow: 0.1em 0.1em 0.2em rgba(0,0,0,0.1); background-color: #f9f9f9; background-image: -moz-linear-gradient(top, #eee, #f9f9f9, #eee); background-image: -o-linear-gradient(top, #eee, #f9f9f9, #eee); background-image: -webkit-linear-gradient(top, #eee, #f9f9f9, #eee); background-image: linear-gradient(to bottom, #eee, #f9f9f9, #eee); color: #000; padding: 0.1em 0.3em; font-family: inherit; font-size: 0.85em;">↵ Enter</kbd> once will place a line break in the markup, but it will not show in the rendered content, except when using list markup.</li> <li>Markup such as bold or italics will be terminated at a line break.</li></ul> <table style="table-layout:fixed; width:100%; margin-top:0;margin-left:0; border-width:medium; padding:0;"> <tbody><tr> <th scope="col" style="width:50%;">Markup</th> <th scope="col" style="width:50%;">Renders as  </th></tr> <tr> <td style="width:50%; background:#f9f9f9; border-width:1px;border-style:solid none none solid;border-color:#ddd; padding:9px 5px 5px; vertical-align:top;"><pre style="margin:0;border:none;padding:0; word-wrap:break-word; white-space:-moz-pre-wrap;white-space:-o-pre-wrap;white-space:-pre-wrap;white-space:pre-wrap; ">A single newline here has no effect on the layout. But an empty line starts a new paragraph, or ends a list or an indented part. </pre> </td> <td style="width:50%; background:#f9f9f9; border-width:1px;border-style:solid solid none solid;border-color:#ddd; padding:5px; vertical-align:top;"><div style=""> <p>
 A single newline here has no effect on the layout. </p><p>But an empty line starts a new paragraph, or ends a list or an indented part. </p> </div> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="width:50%; border-width:1px;border-style:solid none none none;border-color:#ddd; padding:5px; vertical-align:top;"> </td> <td style="width:50%; border-width:1px;border-style:solid none none none;border-color:#ddd; padding:5px; vertical-align:top;"> </td></tr></tbody></table> <p>HTML equivalent: <code class="nowrap" style=""><br></code> or <code class="nowrap" style=""><br /></code> </p><p>Templates: </p> <ul><li>{{<a href="/web/20200413211606/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Template:Break" title="Template:Break">break</a>}} adds multiple line breaks.</li> <li>{{<a href="/web/20200413211606/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Template:-" class="mw-redirect" title="Template:-">-</a>}} and {{<a href="/web/20200413211606/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Template:Clear" title="Template:Clear">clear</a>}} adds a break with styling, to clear floating elements.</li> <li>{{<a href="/web/20200413211606/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Template:Plainlist" title="Template:Plainlist">plainlist</a>}} and {{<a href="/web/20200413211606/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Template:Unbulleted_list" title="Template:Unbulleted list">unbulleted list</a>}} both create an unbulleted list.</li></ul> <h3><span class="mw-headline" id="Indent_text">Indent text</span></h3> <div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Further information: <a href="/web/20200413211606/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:INDENT" class="mw-redirect" title="Wikipedia:INDENT">WP:INDENT</a></div> <p>Indentation is most commonly used on talk pages. </p> <table style="table-layout:fixed; width:100%; margin-top:0;margin-left:0; border-width:medium; padding:0;"> <tbody><tr> <th scope="col" style="width:50%;">Markup</th> <th scope="col" style="width:50%;">Renders as  </th></tr> <tr> <td style="width:50%; background:#f9f9f9; border-width:1px;border-style:solid none none solid;border-color:#ddd; padding:9px 5px 5px; vertical-align:top;"><pre style="margin:0;border:none;padding:0; word-wrap:break-word; white-space:-moz-pre-wrap;white-space:-o-pre-wrap;white-space:-pre-wrap;white-space:pre-wrap; ">Indentation as used on talk pages: :Each colon at the start of a line ::causes the line to be indented by three more character positions. :::(The indentation persists so long as no carriage return or line break is used.) :::Repeat the indentation at any line break. ::::Use an extra colon for each response. :::::And so forth ... ::::::And so on ... {{Outdent|::::::}}The outdent template can give a visual indicator that we're deliberately cancelling the indent (6 levels here)</pre> </td> <td style="width:50%; background:#f9f9f9; border-width:1px;border-style:solid solid none solid;border-color:#ddd; padding:5px; vertical-align:top;"><div style=""> <p>Indentation as used on talk pages: </p> <dl><dd>Each colon at the start of a line <dl><dd>causes the line to be indented by three more character positions. <dl><dd>(The indentation persists</dd></dl></dd></dl></dd></dl> <p>so long as no carriage return or line break is used.) </p> <dl><dd><dl><dd><dl><dd>Repeat the indentation at any line break. <dl><dd>Use an extra colon for each response. <dl><dd>And so forth ... <dl><dd>And so on ...</dd></dl></dd></dl></dd></dl></dd></dl></dd></dl></dd></dl> <p><span class="outdent-template" style="position:relative;left:1px;"><span style="display:block;width:9.6em;height:0.5em;border-bottom:1px solid #AAA;border-right:1px solid #AAA;"></span><span style="display:block;width:9.6em;height:0.5em;border-left:1px solid #AAA;"></span></span>The outdent template can give a visual indicator that we're deliberately cancelling the indent (6 levels here) </p> </div> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="width:50%; border-width:1px;border-style:solid none none none;border-color:#ddd; padding:5px; vertical-align:top;"> </td> <td style="width:50%; border-width:1px;border-style:solid none none none;border-color:#ddd; padding:5px; vertical-align:top;"> </td></tr></tbody></table> <p>Templates: {{<a href="/web/20200413211606/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Template:Outdent" title="Template:Outdent">outdent</a>}}, {{<a href="/web/20200413211606/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Template:Outdent2" title="Template:Outdent2">outdent2</a>}} </p> <h3><span class="mw-headline" id="Blockquote">Blockquote</span></h3> <p>When there is a need for separating a block of text. This is useful for (as the name says) inserting blocks of quoted (and cited) text. </p> <table style="table-layout:fixed; width:100%; margin-top:0;margin-left:0; border-width:medium; padding:0;"> <tbody><tr> <th scope="col" style="width:50%;">Markup</th> <th scope="col" style="width:50%;">Renders as  </th></tr> <tr> <td style="width:50%; background:#f9f9f9; border-width:1px;border-style:solid none none solid;border-color:#ddd; padding:9px 5px 5px; vertical-align:top;"><pre style="margin:0;border:none;padding:0; word-wrap:break-word; white-space:-moz-pre-wrap;white-space:-o-pre-wrap;white-space:-pre-wrap;white-space:pre-wrap; "><blockquote> The '''blockquote''' tag will indent both margins when needed instead of the left margin only as the colon does. </blockquote> </pre> </td> <td style="width:50%; background:#f9f9f9; border-width:1px;border-style:solid solid none solid;border-color:#ddd; padding:5px; vertical-align:top;"><div style=""> <blockquote> <p>The <b>blockquote</b> tag will indent both margins when needed instead of the left margin only as the colon does. </p> </blockquote> </div> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="width:50%; border-width:1px;border-style:solid none none none;border-color:#ddd; padding:5px; vertical-align:top;"> </td> <td style="width:50%; border-width:1px;border-style:solid none none none;border-color:#ddd; padding:5px; vertical-align:top;"> </td></tr></tbody></table> <p>Template {{<a href="/web/20200413211606/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Template:Quote" title="Template:Quote">quote</a>}} results in the same render. </p> <h3><span class="mw-headline" id="Center_text">Center text</span></h3> <table style="table-layout:fixed; width:100%; margin-top:0;margin-left:0; border-width:medium; padding:0;"> <tbody><tr> <th scope="col" style="width:50%;">Markup</th> <th scope="col" style="width:50%;">Renders as  </th></tr> <tr> <td style="width:50%; background:#f9f9f9; border-width:1px;border-style:solid none none solid;border-color:#ddd; padding:9px 5px 5px; vertical-align:top;"><pre style="margin:0;border:none;padding:0; word-wrap:break-word; white-space:-moz-pre-wrap;white-space:-o-pre-wrap;white-space:-pre-wrap;white-space:pre-wrap; "><code style="border:none; background:transparent;" class="mw-highlight mw-highlight-lang-html" dir="ltr"><span class="p"><</span><span class="nt">div</span> <span class="na">class</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="s">"center"</span> <span class="na">style</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="s">"width: auto; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"</span><span class="p">></span>Centered text<span class="p"></</span><span class="nt">div</span><span class="p">></span></code></pre> </td> <td style="width:50%; background:#f9f9f9; border-width:1px;border-style:solid solid none solid;border-color:#ddd; padding:5px; vertical-align:top;"><div style=""> <div class="center" style="width: auto; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;">Centered text</div> </div> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="width:50%; border-width:1px;border-style:solid none none none;border-color:#ddd; padding:5px; vertical-align:top;"> </td> <td style="width:50%; border-width:1px;border-style:solid none none none;border-color:#ddd; padding:5px; vertical-align:top;"> </td></tr></tbody></table> <p>Template {{<a href="/web/20200413211606/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Template:Center" title="Template:Center">center</a>}} uses the same markup. To center a table, see <a href="/web/20200413211606/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Help:Table#Centering_tables" title="Help:Table">Help:Table#Centering tables</a>. Please do not use <code class="nowrap" style=""><center>...</center></code>, as it is obsolete. </p> <h3><span class="mw-headline" id="Align_text_to_right">Align text to right</span></h3> <p>You can align content in a separate container: </p> <table style="table-layout:fixed; width:100%; margin-top:0;margin-left:0; border-width:medium; padding:0;"> <tbody><tr> <th scope="col" style="width:50%;">Markup</th> <th scope="col" style="width:50%;">Renders as  </th></tr> <tr> <td style="width:50%; background:#f9f9f9; border-width:1px;border-style:solid none none solid;border-color:#ddd; padding:9px 5px 5px; vertical-align:top;"><pre style="margin:0;border:none;padding:0; word-wrap:break-word; white-space:-moz-pre-wrap;white-space:-o-pre-wrap;white-space:-pre-wrap;white-space:pre-wrap; "><code style="border:none; background:transparent;" class="mw-highlight mw-highlight-lang-html" dir="ltr"><span class="p"><</span><span class="nt">div</span> <span class="na">style</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="s">"text-align: right; direction: ltr; margin-left: 1em;"</span><span class="p">></span>Text on the right<span class="p"></</span><span class="nt">div</span><span class="p">></span></code></pre> </td> <td style="width:50%; background:#f9f9f9; border-width:1px;border-style:solid solid none solid;border-color:#ddd; padding:5px; vertical-align:top;"><div style=""> Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetur adipisicing elit, sed do eiusmod tempor incididunt ut labore et dolore magna aliqua. Ut enim ad minim veniam, quis nostrud exercitation ullamco laboris nisi ut aliquip ex ea commodo consequat.<div style="text-align: right; direction: ltr; margin-left: 1em;">Text on the right</div>Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetur adipisicing elit, sed do eiusmod tempor incididunt ut labore et dolore magna aliqua. Ut enim ad minim veniam, quis nostrud exercitation ullamco laboris nisi ut aliquip ex ea commodo consequat. </div> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="width:50%; border-width:1px;border-style:solid none none none;border-color:#ddd; padding:5px; vertical-align:top;"> </td> <td style="width:50%; border-width:1px;border-style:solid none none none;border-color:#ddd; padding:5px; vertical-align:top;"> </td></tr></tbody></table> <p>Or; make the text float around it: </p> <table style="table-layout:fixed; width:100%; margin-top:0;margin-left:0; border-width:medium; padding:0;"> <tbody><tr> <th scope="col" style="width:50%;">Markup</th> <th scope="col" style="width:50%;">Renders as  </th></tr> <tr> <td style="width:50%; background:#f9f9f9; border-width:1px;border-style:solid none none solid;border-color:#ddd; padding:9px 5px 5px; vertical-align:top;"><pre style="margin:0;border:none;padding:0; word-wrap:break-word; white-space:-moz-pre-wrap;white-space:-o-pre-wrap;white-space:-pre-wrap;white-space:pre-wrap; "><code style="border:none; background:transparent;" class="mw-highlight mw-highlight-lang-html" dir="ltr"><span class="p"><</span><span class="nt">div</span> <span class="na">class</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="s">"floatright"</span><span class="p">></span>Text on the right<span class="p"></</span><span class="nt">div</span><span class="p">></span></code></pre> </td> <td style="width:50%; background:#f9f9f9; border-width:1px;border-style:solid solid none solid;border-color:#ddd; padding:5px; vertical-align:top;"><div style=""> Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetur adipisicing elit, sed do eiusmod tempor incididunt ut labore et dolore magna aliqua. Ut enim ad minim veniam, quis nostrud exercitation ullamco laboris nisi ut aliquip ex ea commodo consequat.<div class="floatright">Text on the right</div>Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetur adipisicing elit, sed do eiusmod tempor incididunt ut labore et dolore magna aliqua. Ut enim ad minim veniam, quis nostrud exercitation ullamco laboris nisi ut aliquip ex ea commodo consequat. </div>  </td></tr> <tr> <td style="width:50%; background:#f9f9f9; border-width:1px;border-style:solid none none solid;border-color:#ddd; padding:9px 5px 5px; vertical-align:top;"><pre style="margin:0;border:none;padding:0; word-wrap:break-word; white-space:-moz-pre-wrap;white-space:-o-pre-wrap;white-space:-pre-wrap;white-space:pre-wrap; ">{{stack|Text on the right}}</pre> </td> <td style="width:50%; background:#f9f9f9; border-width:1px;border-style:solid solid none solid;border-color:#ddd; padding:5px; vertical-align:top;"><div style=""> Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetur adipisicing elit, sed do eiusmod tempor incididunt ut labore et dolore magna aliqua. Ut enim ad minim veniam, quis nostrud exercitation ullamco laboris nisi ut aliquip ex ea commodo consequat.<style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r886046874">@media all and (max-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .mobile-float-reset{float:none!important;width:100%!important}}.mw-parser-output .stack-container{box-sizing:border-box}.mw-parser-output .stack-clear-left{float:left;clear:left}.mw-parser-output .stack-clear-right{float:right;clear:right}.mw-parser-output .stack-left{float:left}.mw-parser-output .stack-right{float:right}.mw-parser-output .stack-object{margin:1px;overflow:hidden}</style><div class="mw-stack stack-container stack-right mobile-float-reset"><div style="overflow: hidden; margin: 1px;">Text on the right</div></div>Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetur adipisicing elit, sed do eiusmod tempor incididunt ut labore et dolore magna aliqua. Ut enim ad minim veniam, quis nostrud exercitation ullamco laboris nisi ut aliquip ex ea commodo consequat. </div> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="width:50%; border-width:1px;border-style:solid none none none;border-color:#ddd; padding:5px; vertical-align:top;"> </td> <td style="width:50%; border-width:1px;border-style:solid none none none;border-color:#ddd; padding:5px; vertical-align:top;"> </td></tr></tbody></table> <h3><span class="mw-headline" id="Lists">Lists</span></h3> <div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Further information: <a href="/web/20200413211606/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Help:List" title="Help:List">Help:List</a> and <a href="/web/20200413211606/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/MOS:LIST" class="mw-redirect" title="MOS:LIST">MOS:LIST</a></div> <p>Do not leave blank lines between items in a list unless there is a reason to do so, since this causes the MediaWiki software to interpret each item as beginning a new list. </p> <h4><span class="mw-headline" id="Unordered_lists">Unordered lists</span></h4> <table style="table-layout:fixed; width:100%; margin-top:0;margin-left:0; border-width:medium; padding:0;"> <tbody><tr> <th scope="col" style="width:50%;">Markup</th> <th scope="col" style="width:50%;">Renders as  </th></tr> <tr> <td style="width:50%; background:#f9f9f9; border-width:1px;border-style:solid none none solid;border-color:#ddd; padding:9px 5px 5px; vertical-align:top;"><pre style="margin:0;border:none;padding:0; word-wrap:break-word; white-space:-moz-pre-wrap;white-space:-o-pre-wrap;white-space:-pre-wrap;white-space:pre-wrap; ">* Item1 * Item2 * Item3 * Item4 ** Sub-item 4 a) *** Sub-item 4 a) 1. **** Sub-item 4 a) 1. i) **** Sub-item 4 a) 1. ii) ** Sub-item 4 b) * Item5</pre> </td> <td style="width:50%; background:#f9f9f9; border-width:1px;border-style:solid solid none solid;border-color:#ddd; padding:5px; vertical-align:top;"><div style=""> <p>
 </p> <ul><li>Item1</li> <li>Item2</li> <li>Item3</li> <li>Item4 <ul><li>Sub-item 4 a) <ul><li>Sub-item 4 a) 1. <ul><li>Sub-item 4 a) 1. i)</li> <li>Sub-item 4 a) 1. ii)</li></ul></li></ul></li> <li>Sub-item 4 b)</li></ul></li> <li>Item5</li></ul> </div> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="width:50%; border-width:1px;border-style:solid none none none;border-color:#ddd; padding:5px; vertical-align:top;"> </td> <td style="width:50%; border-width:1px;border-style:solid none none none;border-color:#ddd; padding:5px; vertical-align:top;"> </td></tr></tbody></table> <h4><span class="mw-headline" id="Ordered_lists">Ordered lists</span></h4> <table style="table-layout:fixed; width:100%; margin-top:0;margin-left:0; border-width:medium; padding:0;"> <tbody><tr> <th scope="col" style="width:50%;">Markup</th> <th scope="col" style="width:50%;">Renders as  </th></tr> <tr> <td style="width:50%; background:#f9f9f9; border-width:1px;border-style:solid none none solid;border-color:#ddd; padding:9px 5px 5px; vertical-align:top;"><pre style="margin:0;border:none;padding:0; word-wrap:break-word; white-space:-moz-pre-wrap;white-space:-o-pre-wrap;white-space:-pre-wrap;white-space:pre-wrap; "># Item1 # Item2 # Item3 # Item4 ## Sub-item 1 ### Sub-sub-item #### Sub-sub-sub-item ## Sub-item 2 # Item5 </pre> </td> <td style="width:50%; background:#f9f9f9; border-width:1px;border-style:solid solid none solid;border-color:#ddd; padding:5px; vertical-align:top;"><div style=""> <p>
 </p> <ol><li>Item1</li> <li>Item2</li> <li>Item3</li> <li>Item4 <ol><li>Sub-item 1 <ol><li>Sub-sub-item <ol><li>Sub-sub-sub-item</li></ol></li></ol></li> <li>Sub-item 2</li></ol></li> <li>Item5</li></ol> </div> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="width:50%; border-width:1px;border-style:solid none none none;border-color:#ddd; padding:5px; vertical-align:top;"> </td> <td style="width:50%; border-width:1px;border-style:solid none none none;border-color:#ddd; padding:5px; vertical-align:top;"> </td></tr></tbody></table> <h4><span class="mw-headline" id="Description_lists"><span id="DL"></span>Description lists</span></h4> <p><span id="Definition_lists"></span><span id="Association_lists"></span><span id="H:DL"></span> </p> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r911143475"/><div class="module-shortcutanchordiv"><span id="H:DL"></span></div><div class="module-shortcutboxplain plainlist noprint" role="note"><div class="module-shortcutlist"><a href="/web/20200413211606/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Shortcut" title="Wikipedia:Shortcut">Shortcut</a></div><ul><li><span class="plainlinks"><a class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200413211606/https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=H:DL&redirect=no">H:DL</a></span></li></ul></div> <p>To list terms and definitions, start a new line with a semicolon (;) followed by the term. Then, type a colon (:) followed by a definition. The format can also be used for other purposes, such as make and models of vehicles, etc. </p><p><i>Description lists</i> (formerly <i>definition lists</i>, and a.k.a. <i>association lists</i>) consist of group names corresponding to values. Group names (terms) are in bold. Values (definitions) are indented. Each group <em>must</em> include one or more definitions. For a single or first value, the <code>:</code> can be placed on the same line after <code>;</code> – but subsequent values must be placed on separate lines. </p><p><span role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable selfref">Do not use a semicolon (;) simply to bold a line without defining a value using a colon (:). This usage renders invalid <a href="/web/20200413211606/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/HTML5" title="HTML5">HTML5</a> and creates issues with <a href="/web/20200413211606/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Screen_reader" title="Screen reader">screen readers</a>.</span> </p> <table style="table-layout:fixed; width:100%; margin-top:0;margin-left:0; border-width:medium; padding:0;"> <tbody><tr> <th scope="col" style="width:50%;">Markup</th> <th scope="col" style="width:50%;">Renders as  </th></tr> <tr> <td style="width:50%; background:#f9f9f9; border-width:1px;border-style:solid none none solid;border-color:#ddd; padding:9px 5px 5px; vertical-align:top;"><pre style="margin:0;border:none;padding:0; word-wrap:break-word; white-space:-moz-pre-wrap;white-space:-o-pre-wrap;white-space:-pre-wrap;white-space:pre-wrap; ">; Term : Definition1</pre> </td> <td style="width:50%; background:#f9f9f9; border-width:1px;border-style:solid solid none solid;border-color:#ddd; padding:5px; vertical-align:top;"><div style=""> <p>
 </p> <dl><dt>Term </dt> <dd>Definition1</dd></dl> </div>  </td></tr> <tr> <td style="width:50%; background:#f9f9f9; border-width:1px;border-style:solid none none solid;border-color:#ddd; padding:9px 5px 5px; vertical-align:top;"><pre style="margin:0;border:none;padding:0; word-wrap:break-word; white-space:-moz-pre-wrap;white-space:-o-pre-wrap;white-space:-pre-wrap;white-space:pre-wrap; ">; Term : Definition1 : Definition2 : Definition3 : Definition4</pre> </td> <td style="width:50%; background:#f9f9f9; border-width:1px;border-style:solid solid none solid;border-color:#ddd; padding:5px; vertical-align:top;"><div style=""> <p>
 </p> <dl><dt>Term</dt> <dd>Definition1</dd> <dd>Definition2</dd> <dd>Definition3</dd> <dd>Definition4</dd></dl> </div> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="width:50%; border-width:1px;border-style:solid none none none;border-color:#ddd; padding:5px; vertical-align:top;"> </td> <td style="width:50%; border-width:1px;border-style:solid none none none;border-color:#ddd; padding:5px; vertical-align:top;"> </td></tr></tbody></table> <p>HTML equivalent: <code class="nowrap" style=""><dl></code> <code class="nowrap" style=""><dt>...</dt></code>, <code class="nowrap" style=""><dd>...</dd></code> <code class="nowrap" style=""></dl></code> </p><p>Templates: {{<a href="/web/20200413211606/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Template:Defn" title="Template:Defn">defn</a>}} </p> <h3><span class="mw-headline" id="Retaining_newlines_and_spaces">Retaining newlines and spaces</span></h3> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r911143475"/><div class="module-shortcutanchordiv"><span id="H:POEM"></span></div><div class="module-shortcutboxplain plainlist noprint" role="note"><div class="module-shortcutlist"><a href="/web/20200413211606/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Shortcut" title="Wikipedia:Shortcut">Shortcut</a></div><ul><li><span class="plainlinks"><a class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200413211606/https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=H:POEM&redirect=no">H:POEM</a></span></li></ul></div> <p>The MediaWiki software suppresses single newlines and converts lines starting with a space to preformatted text in a dashed box. HTML suppresses multiple spaces. It is often desirable to retain these elements for poems, lyrics, mottoes, oaths and the like. The <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200413211606/https://www.mediawiki.org/wiki/Extension:Poem" class="extiw" title="mw:Extension:Poem">Poem</a> extension adds HTML-like <code class="nowrap" style=""><poem>...</poem></code> tags to maintain newlines and spaces. These tags may be used inside other tags such as <code class="nowrap" style=""><blockquote>...</blockquote></code>; the template <code>{{<a href="/web/20200413211606/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Template:Poemquote" class="mw-redirect" title="Template:Poemquote">poemquote</a>}}</code> provides a convenient shorthand. <a href="/web/20200413211606/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/H:CSS" class="mw-redirect" title="H:CSS">CSS styles</a> may be applied to this tag, e.g.: <code><poem style="margin-left: 2em;"></code>. </p> <table style="table-layout:fixed; width:100%; margin-top:0;margin-left:0; border-width:medium; padding:0;"> <tbody><tr> <th scope="col" style="width:50%;">Markup</th> <th scope="col" style="width:50%;">Renders as  </th></tr> <tr> <td style="width:50%; background:#f9f9f9; border-width:1px;border-style:solid none none solid;border-color:#ddd; padding:9px 5px 5px; vertical-align:top;"><pre style="margin:0;border:none;padding:0; word-wrap:break-word; white-space:-moz-pre-wrap;white-space:-o-pre-wrap;white-space:-pre-wrap;white-space:pre-wrap; "><poem> In Xanadu did Kubla Khan A stately pleasure-dome decree: Where Alph, the sacred river, ran Through caverns measureless to man Down to a sunless sea. So twice five miles of fertile ground With walls and towers were girdled round: And there were gardens bright with sinuous rills, Where blossomed many an incense-bearing tree; And here were forests ancient as the hills, Enfolding sunny spots of greenery. </poem></pre> </td> <td style="width:50%; background:#f9f9f9; border-width:1px;border-style:solid solid none solid;border-color:#ddd; padding:5px; vertical-align:top;"><div style=""> <div class="poem"> <p>In Xanadu did Kubla Khan<br/>   A stately pleasure-dome decree:<br/> Where Alph, the sacred river, ran<br/>   Through caverns measureless to man<br/> Down to a sunless sea.<br/> <br/> So twice five miles of fertile ground<br/>   With walls and towers were girdled round:<br/> And there were gardens bright with sinuous rills,<br/>   Where blossomed many an incense-bearing tree;<br/> And here were forests ancient as the hills,<br/>   Enfolding sunny spots of greenery. </p> </div> </div> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="width:50%; border-width:1px;border-style:solid none none none;border-color:#ddd; padding:5px; vertical-align:top;"> </td> <td style="width:50%; border-width:1px;border-style:solid none none none;border-color:#ddd; padding:5px; vertical-align:top;"> </td></tr></tbody></table> <p>Poems and their translation can be presented side-by-side, and the language can be indicated with <code>lang="xx"</code>. Following the last side-by-side block, <code>{{<a href="/web/20200413211606/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Template:Clear" title="Template:Clear">Clear</a>|left}}</code> must be used to cancel <code>"float:left;"</code> and to re-establish normal flow. Note that this method does not require <a href="#Tables">a table</a> and its columns to achieve the side-by-side presentation. </p><p><b>Markup</b> </p> <div class="mw-highlight mw-highlight-lang-xml mw-content-ltr" dir="ltr"><pre><span></span><span class="nt"><poem</span> <span class="na">lang=</span><span class="s">"fr"</span> <span class="na">style=</span><span class="s">"float:left;"</span><span class="nt">></span>Frère Jacques, frère Jacques, Dormez-vous? Dormez-vous? Sonnez les matines! Sonnez les matines! Ding, dang, dong. Ding, dang, dong.<span class="nt"></poem></span> <span class="nt"><poem</span> <span class="na">style=</span><span class="s">"margin-left:2em; float:left;"</span><span class="nt">></span>Are you sleeping? Are you sleeping? Brother John, Brother John, Morning bells are ringing! Morning bells are ringing! Ding, dang, dong. Ding, dang, dong.<span class="nt"></poem></span>{{Clear|left}} </pre></div> <p><b>Renders as</b> </p> <div lang="fr" style="float:left;" class="poem"> <p>Frère Jacques, frère Jacques,<br/> Dormez-vous? Dormez-vous?<br/> Sonnez les matines! Sonnez les matines!<br/> Ding, dang, dong. Ding, dang, dong. </p> </div> <div style="margin-left:2em; float:left;" class="poem"> <p>Are you sleeping? Are you sleeping?<br/> Brother John, Brother John,<br/> Morning bells are ringing! Morning bells are ringing!<br/> Ding, dang, dong. Ding, dang, dong. </p> </div><div style="clear:left;"></div> <h2><span class="mw-headline" id="Format">Format</span></h2> <h3><span class="mw-headline" id="Text_formatting">Text formatting</span></h3> <table class="wikitable"> <tbody><tr style="vertical-align: top;"> <th style="width:34%;">Description </th> <th style="width:33%;">What you type </th> <th style="width:33%;">What it looks like </th></tr> <tr id="emph" style="vertical-align: top;"> <td> <p><i>italics</i>, <b>bold</b>, <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r920966791">.mw-parser-output span.smallcaps{font-variant:small-caps}.mw-parser-output span.smallcaps-smaller{font-size:85%}</style><span class="smallcaps">small capital letters</span> </p> </td> <td> <pre>To ''italicize text'', put two consecutive apostrophes on each side of it. Three apostrophes each side will '''bold the text'''. Five consecutive apostrophes on each side (two for italics plus three for bold) produces '''''bold italics'''''. '''''Italic and bold formatting''''' works correctly only within a single line. For text as {{smallcaps|small caps}}, use the template {{tl|smallcaps}}. </pre> </td> <td> <p>To <i>italicize text</i>, put two consecutive apostrophes on each side of it. </p><p>Three apostrophes each side will <b>bold the text</b>. </p><p>Five consecutive apostrophes on each side (two for italics plus three for bold) produces <i><b>bold italics</b></i>. </p><p><i><b>Italic and bold formatting</b></i> works correctly only within a single line. </p><p>For text as <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r920966791"/><span class="smallcaps">small caps</span>, use the template {{<a href="/web/20200413211606/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Template:Smallcaps" title="Template:Smallcaps">smallcaps</a>}}. </p><p>To reverse this effect where it has been automatically applied, use {{<a href="/web/20200413211606/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Template:Nobold" title="Template:Nobold">nobold</a>}} and {{<a href="/web/20200413211606/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Template:Noitalic" title="Template:Noitalic">noitalic</a>}}. </p> </td></tr> <tr> <td> <p>Small chunks of <a href="/web/20200413211606/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Source_code" title="Source code">source code</a> within a line of normal text. </p><p>Code is displayed in a <a href="/web/20200413211606/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Monospaced_font" title="Monospaced font">monospace</a> font. </p> </td> <td> <pre>function <code>int m2()</code> is nice.</pre> </td> <td> <p>function <code>int m2()</code> is nice. </p> </td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align:top;"> <td> <p><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200413211606/https://www.mediawiki.org/wiki/Extension:SyntaxHighlight" class="extiw" title="mw:Extension:SyntaxHighlight">Syntax highlighting</a> for source code. </p><p>Computer code has colored text and more stringent formatting. For example, to define a function: <code>int m2()</code>, with highlights. </p><p>See <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200413211606/https://github.com/wikimedia/mediawiki-extensions-SyntaxHighlight_GeSHi/blob/master/SyntaxHighlight.lexers.php">here</a> for a full list of supported languages that can be put in <code>lang="????"</code> </p> </td> <td> <pre><syntaxhighlight lang="cpp"> #include <iostream> int m2 (int ax, char *p_ax) { std::cout <<"Hello World!"; return 0; }</syntaxhighlight></pre> <p>OR (will be rendered exactly the same way) </p> <pre><source lang="cpp"> #include <iostream> int m2 (int ax, char *p_ax) { std::cout <<"Hello World!"; return 0; }</source></pre> </td> <td> <div class="mw-highlight mw-highlight-lang-cpp mw-content-ltr" dir="ltr"><pre><span></span><span class="cp">#include</span> <span class="cpf"><iostream></span><span class="cp"></span> <span class="kt">int</span> <span class="nf">m2</span> <span class="p">(</span><span class="kt">int</span> <span class="n">ax</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="kt">char</span> <span class="o">*</span><span class="n">p_ax</span><span class="p">)</span> <span class="p">{</span> <span class="n">std</span><span class="o">::</span><span class="n">cout</span> <span class="o"><<</span><span class="s">"Hello World!"</span><span class="p">;</span> <span class="k">return</span> <span class="mi">0</span><span class="p">;</span> <span class="p">}</span> </pre></div> </td></tr> <tr> <td> <p><small>Small text</small> </p> </td> <td> <div class="mw-highlight mw-highlight-lang-html mw-content-ltr" dir="ltr"><pre><span></span>Use <span class="p"><</span><span class="nt">small</span><span class="p">></span>small text<span class="p"></</span><span class="nt">small</span><span class="p">></span> only when necessary. </pre></div> </td> <td> <p>Use <small>small text</small> only when necessary. </p> </td></tr> <tr> <td> <p><small style="font-size:87%;">a <small> span</small> </p> </td> <td> <div class="mw-highlight mw-highlight-lang-html mw-content-ltr" dir="ltr"><pre><span></span>To match, for example, the font-size used in an [[Help:Visual file markup#Caption|image caption]], the "small" tag can also be used to <span class="p"><</span><span class="nt">small</span> <span class="na">style</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="s">"font-size:87%;"</span><span class="p">></span>reduce a text's font-size to 87%<span class="p"></</span><span class="nt">small</span><span class="p">></span>. </pre></div> </td> <td> <p>To match, for example, the font-size used in an <a href="/web/20200413211606/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Help:Visual_file_markup#Caption" title="Help:Visual file markup">image caption</a>, the "small" tag can also be used to <small style="font-size:87%;">reduce a text's font-size to 87%</small>. </p> </td></tr> <tr> <td> <p><big>Big text</big> </p> </td> <td> <div class="mw-highlight mw-highlight-lang-html mw-content-ltr" dir="ltr"><pre><span></span>Better not use <span class="p"><</span><span class="nt">big</span><span class="p">></span>big text<span class="p"></</span><span class="nt">big</span><span class="p">></span>, unless <span class="p"><</span><span class="nt">small</span><span class="p">></span>it's <span class="p"><</span><span class="nt">big</span><span class="p">></span>within<span class="p"></</span><span class="nt">big</span><span class="p">></span> small<span class="p"></</span><span class="nt">small</span><span class="p">></span> text. </pre></div> </td> <td> <p>Better not use <big>big text</big>, unless <small>it's <big>within</big> small</small> text. </p> </td></tr> <tr> <td> <p>To prevent two words from becoming separated by a <a href="/web/20200413211606/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Linewrap" class="mw-redirect" title="Linewrap">linewrap</a> (e.g. <i>Mr. Smith</i> or <i>400 km/h</i>) a <b><a href="/web/20200413211606/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Non-breaking_space" title="Non-breaking space">non-breaking space</a></b>, sometimes also called a "non-printing character", may be used between them. (For three or more words, the template {{<a href="/web/20200413211606/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Template:Nowrap" title="Template:Nowrap">nowrap</a>}} is probably more suitable.) </p> </td> <td> <pre>Mr.&nbsp;Smith or 400&nbsp;km/h</pre> </td> <td> <p>Mr. Smith or 400 km/h </p> </td></tr> <tr> <td> <p><b>Extra spacing</b> within text is usually best achieved using the {{<a href="/web/20200413211606/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Template:Pad" title="Template:Pad">pad</a>}} template. </p> </td> <td> <pre>Mary {{pad|4.0em}} had a little lamb.</pre> </td> <td> <p>Mary <span style="padding-left:4.0em;"> </span> had a little lamb. </p> </td></tr></tbody></table> <h3><span class="mw-headline" id="Special_characters">Special characters</span></h3> <div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/web/20200413211606/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Help:Special_characters" title="Help:Special characters">Help:Special characters</a> and <a href="/web/20200413211606/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_XML_and_HTML_character_entity_references" title="List of XML and HTML character entity references">List of XML and HTML character entity references</a></div> <p>Special characters can often be displayed using <a href="/web/20200413211606/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Numeric_character_reference" title="Numeric character reference">numeric character references</a> or <a href="/web/20200413211606/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_XML_and_HTML_character_entity_references" title="List of XML and HTML character entity references">character entity references</a>. See <a href="/web/20200413211606/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Character_encodings_in_HTML" title="Character encodings in HTML">Character encodings in HTML</a> for more information. For example, <code>&Agrave;</code> and <code>&#xC0;</code> both render <a href="/web/20200413211606/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%80" title="À">À</a> (A-<a href="/web/20200413211606/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Grave_accent" title="Grave accent">grave</a>). <a href="/web/20200413211606/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Percent-encoding" title="Percent-encoding">Percent-encoding</a> can't be used, as it works only in <a href="/web/20200413211606/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/URL" title="URL">URLs</a>. </p> <h4><span class="mw-headline" id="Diacritical_marks">Diacritical marks</span></h4> <p><a href="/web/20200413211606/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Diacritic" title="Diacritic">Diacritic</a> marks, using character entity references. </p> <table class="wikitable"> <tbody><tr> <th>What you type </th> <th>What it looks like </th></tr> <tr> <td> <pre>&Agrave; &Aacute; &Acirc; &Atilde; &Auml; &Aring; &AElig; &Ccedil; &Egrave; &Eacute; &Ecirc; &Euml; &Igrave; &Iacute; &Icirc; &Iuml; &Ntilde; &Ograve; &Oacute; &Ocirc; &Otilde; &Ouml; &Oslash; &OElig; &Ugrave; &Uacute; &Ucirc; &Uuml; &Yuml; &szlig; &agrave; &aacute; &acirc; &atilde; &auml; &aring; &aelig; &ccedil; &egrave; &eacute; &ecirc; &euml; &igrave; &iacute; &icirc; &iuml; &ntilde; &ograve; &oacute; &ocirc; &otilde; &ouml; &oslash; &oelig; &ugrave; &uacute; &ucirc; &uuml; &yuml;</pre> </td> <td> <p>À Á Â Ã Ä Å Æ </p><p>Ç È É Ê Ë </p><p>Ì Í Î Ï Ñ </p><p>Ò Ó Ô Õ Ö Ø Œ </p><p>Ù Ú Û Ü Ÿ ß </p><p>à á â ã ä å æ ç </p><p>è é ê ë </p><p>ì í î ï ñ </p><p>ò ó ô õ ö ø œ </p><p>ù ú û ü ÿ </p> </td></tr></tbody></table> <h4><span class="mw-headline" id="Punctuation_special_characters">Punctuation special characters</span></h4> <p>Using character entity references. </p> <table class="wikitable"> <tbody><tr> <th>What you type </th> <th>What it looks like </th></tr> <tr> <td><code>&iquest; &iexcl; &sect; &para;</code> </td> <td>¿ ¡ § ¶ </td></tr> <tr> <td><code>&dagger; &Dagger; &bull; &ndash; &mdash;</code> </td> <td>† ‡ • – — </td></tr> <tr> <td><code>&lsaquo; &rsaquo; &laquo; &raquo;</code> </td> <td>‹ › « » </td></tr> <tr> <td><code>&lsquo; &rsquo; &ldquo; &rdquo;</code> </td> <td>‘ ’ “ ” </td></tr> <tr> <td><code>&apos; &quot;</code> </td> <td>' " </td></tr></tbody></table> <h4><span class="mw-headline" id="Escaping_punctuation_characters">Escaping punctuation characters</span></h4> <p>The <a href="#Pre"><code class="nowrap" style=""><pre></code></a>, <a href="#Nowiki"><code class="nowrap" style=""><nowiki></code></a>, and <a href="#Code"><code class="nowrap" style=""><code></code></a> markup tags are also available, for writing "[", "{", "&", "}", "]" for example. These tags prevent these characters from being recognised as wiki markup, which is a possibility in some circumstances. </p> <h4><span class="mw-headline" id="Commercial_symbols">Commercial symbols</span></h4> <p>Using character entity references. </p> <table class="wikitable"> <tbody><tr> <th>What you type </th> <th>What it looks like </th></tr> <tr> <td><code>&trade; &copy; &reg; </code> </td> <td>™ © ® </td></tr> <tr> <td><code>&cent; &euro; &yen; &pound; &curren;</code> </td> <td>¢ € ¥ £ ¤ </td></tr></tbody></table> <h4><span class="mw-headline" id="Greek_characters">Greek characters</span></h4> <p>Using character entity references. </p> <table class="wikitable"> <tbody><tr> <th>What you type </th> <th>What it looks like </th></tr> <tr> <td><code>&alpha; &beta; &gamma; &delta; &epsilon; &zeta; </code> </td> <td>α β γ δ ε ζ </td></tr> <tr> <td><code>&Alpha; &Beta; &Gamma; &Delta; &Epsilon; &Zeta;</code> </td> <td>Α Β Γ Δ Ε Ζ </td></tr> <tr> <td><code>&eta; &theta; &iota; &kappa; &lambda; &mu; &nu;</code> </td> <td>η θ ι κ λ μ ν </td></tr> <tr> <td><code>&Eta; &Theta; &Iota; &Kappa; &Lambda; &Mu; &Nu; </code> </td> <td>Η Θ Ι Κ Λ Μ Ν </td></tr> <tr> <td><code>&xi; &omicron; &pi; &rho; &sigma; &sigmaf;</code> </td> <td>ξ ο π ρ σ ς </td></tr> <tr> <td><code>&Xi; &Omicron; &Pi; &Rho; &Sigma; </code> </td> <td>Ξ Ο Π Ρ Σ </td></tr> <tr> <td><code>&tau; &upsilon; &phi; &chi; &psi; &omega;</code> </td> <td>τ υ φ χ ψ ω </td></tr> <tr> <td><code>&Tau; &Upsilon; &Phi; &Chi; &Psi; &Omega; </code> </td> <td>Τ Υ Φ Χ Ψ Ω </td></tr></tbody></table> <h4><span class="mw-headline" id="Egyptian_hieroglyphs">Egyptian hieroglyphs</span></h4> <div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main page: <a href="/web/20200413211606/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Help:WikiHiero_syntax" title="Help:WikiHiero syntax">Help:WikiHiero syntax</a></div> <p>WikiHiero is a software extension that renders <a href="/web/20200413211606/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Egyptian_hieroglyphs" title="Egyptian hieroglyphs">Egyptian hieroglyphs</a> as PNG images using <code class="nowrap"><<a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200413211606/https://www.mediawiki.org/wiki/Extension:WikiHiero" class="extiw" title="mw:Extension:WikiHiero">hiero</a>></code> tags. </p><p>Example: </p> <table style="table-layout:fixed; width:100%; margin-top:0;margin-left:0; border-width:medium; padding:0;"> <tbody><tr> <th scope="col" style="width:50%;">Markup</th> <th scope="col" style="width:50%;">Renders as  </th></tr> <tr> <td style="width:50%; background:#f9f9f9; border-width:1px;border-style:solid none none solid;border-color:#ddd; padding:9px 5px 5px; vertical-align:top;"><pre style="margin:0;border:none;padding:0; word-wrap:break-word; white-space:-moz-pre-wrap;white-space:-o-pre-wrap;white-space:-pre-wrap;white-space:pre-wrap; "><hiero>P2</hiero></pre> </td> <td style="width:50%; background:#f9f9f9; border-width:1px;border-style:solid solid none solid;border-color:#ddd; padding:5px; vertical-align:top;"><div style=""> <table class="mw-hiero-table mw-hiero-outer" dir="ltr"><tbody><tr><td> <table class="mw-hiero-table"><tbody><tr> <td><img style="margin: 1px;" src="/web/20200413211606im_/https://en.wikipedia.org/w/extensions/wikihiero/img/hiero_P2.png?0f9b7" height="30" title="P2" alt="P2"/></td></tr></tbody></table> </td></tr></tbody></table> </div> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="width:50%; border-width:1px;border-style:solid none none none;border-color:#ddd; padding:5px; vertical-align:top;"> </td> <td style="width:50%; border-width:1px;border-style:solid none none none;border-color:#ddd; padding:5px; vertical-align:top;"> </td></tr></tbody></table> <h4><span class="mw-headline" id="Chess_symbols">Chess symbols</span></h4> <div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/web/20200413211606/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chess_symbols_in_Unicode" title="Chess symbols in Unicode">Chess symbols in Unicode</a></div> <p>For example, &#9812; displays ♔ </p> <h4><span class="mw-headline" id="Subscripts_and_superscripts">Subscripts and superscripts</span></h4> <ul><li>The <a href="/web/20200413211606/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style_(mathematics)#Superscripts_and_subscripts" class="mw-redirect" title="Wikipedia:Manual of Style (mathematics)">Manual of Style</a> prefers the <code class="nowrap" style=""><sub></code> and <code class="nowrap" style=""><sup></code> formats, for example <code>x<code class="nowrap" style=""><sub>1</sub></code></code>. So this should be used under most circumstances.</li> <li>The latter methods of sub/superscripting cannot be used in the most general context, as they rely on <a href="/web/20200413211606/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Unicode" title="Unicode">Unicode</a> support that may not be present on all users' machines.</li></ul> <table class="wikitable"> <tbody><tr> <th>Description </th> <th>What you type </th> <th>What it looks like </th></tr> <tr> <td> <p><i>Subscripts</i> </p> </td> <td> <div class="mw-highlight mw-highlight-lang-html mw-content-ltr" dir="ltr"><pre><span></span>x<span class="p"><</span><span class="nt">sub</span><span class="p">></span>1<span class="p"></</span><span class="nt">sub</span><span class="p">></span> x<span class="p"><</span><span class="nt">sub</span><span class="p">></span>2<span class="p"></</span><span class="nt">sub</span><span class="p">></span> x<span class="p"><</span><span class="nt">sub</span><span class="p">></span>3<span class="p"></</span><span class="nt">sub</span><span class="p">></span> or x<span class="ni">&#8320;</span> x<span class="ni">&#8321;</span> x<span class="ni">&#8322;</span> x<span class="ni">&#8323;</span> x<span class="ni">&#8324;</span> x<span class="ni">&#8325;</span> x<span class="ni">&#8326;</span> x<span class="ni">&#8327;</span> x<span class="ni">&#8328;</span> x<span class="ni">&#8329;</span> </pre></div> </td> <td> <p>x<sub>1</sub> x<sub>2</sub> x<sub>3</sub> or </p><p>x₀ x₁ x₂ x₃ x₄ </p><p>x₅ x₆ x₇ x₈ x₉ </p> </td></tr> <tr> <td> <p><i>Superscripts</i> </p> </td> <td> <div class="mw-highlight mw-highlight-lang-html mw-content-ltr" dir="ltr"><pre><span></span>x<span class="p"><</span><span class="nt">sup</span><span class="p">></span>1<span class="p"></</span><span class="nt">sup</span><span class="p">></span> x<span class="p"><</span><span class="nt">sup</span><span class="p">></span>2<span class="p"></</span><span class="nt">sup</span><span class="p">></span> x<span class="p"><</span><span class="nt">sup</span><span class="p">></span>3<span class="p"></</span><span class="nt">sup</span><span class="p">></span> or x<span class="ni">&#8304;</span> x<span class="ni">&sup1;</span> x<span class="ni">&sup2;</span> x<span class="ni">&sup3;</span> x<span class="ni">&#8308;</span> x<span class="ni">&#8309;</span> x<span class="ni">&#8310;</span> x<span class="ni">&#8311;</span> x<span class="ni">&#8312;</span> x<span class="ni">&#8313;</span> </pre></div> </td> <td> <p>x<sup>1</sup> x<sup>2</sup> x<sup>3</sup> or </p><p>x⁰ x¹ x² x³ x⁴ </p><p>x⁵ x⁶ x⁷ x⁸ x⁹ </p> </td></tr> <tr> <td> <p><i>Combined</i> </p> </td> <td> <pre>ε<sub>0</sub> = 8.85 × 10<sup>−12</sup> C² / J m 1 [[hectare]] = [[1 E+4 m²]] </pre> </td> <td> <p>ε<sub>0</sub> = 8.85 × 10<sup>−12</sup> C² / J m </p><p>1 <a href="/web/20200413211606/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hectare" title="Hectare">hectare</a> = <a href="/web/20200413211606/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1_E%2B4_m%C2%B2" class="mw-redirect" title="1 E+4 m²">1 E+4 m²</a> </p> </td></tr></tbody></table> <h4><span id="Characters_in_the_Private_Use_Area.2C_and_invisible_formatting_characters"></span><span class="mw-headline" id="Characters_in_the_Private_Use_Area,_and_invisible_formatting_characters">Characters in the Private Use Area, and invisible formatting characters</span></h4> <div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/web/20200413211606/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/MOS:TEXT#PUA_and_RTL" class="mw-redirect" title="MOS:TEXT">MOS:TEXT § PUA and RTL</a></div> <p>Invisible and <a href="/web/20200413211606/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Private_Use_Areas" title="Private Use Areas">PUA (Private Use Areas)</a> characters should be avoided where possible. When needed, they should both be replaced with their (hexa)decimal code values (as "&#(x)...;"). This renders invisible characters visible, for manual editing, and allows <a href="/web/20200413211606/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:AutoWikiBrowser" title="Wikipedia:AutoWikiBrowser">AWB</a> to process pages with PUA characters. The latter should also be tagged with the {{<a href="/web/20200413211606/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Template:PUA" title="Template:PUA">PUA</a>}} template for tracking and future maintenance. </p> <h3><span class="mw-headline" id="Mathematical_characters_and_formulae">Mathematical characters and formulae</span></h3> <h4><span class="mw-headline" id="Mathematical_characters">Mathematical characters</span></h4> <ul><li>See also <a href="/web/20200413211606/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Mathematical_symbols" title="Wikipedia:Mathematical symbols">Wikipedia:Mathematical symbols</a>, <a href="/web/20200413211606/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:WikiProject_Mathematics" title="Wikipedia:WikiProject Mathematics">WikiProject Mathematics</a> and <a href="/web/20200413211606/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/TeX" title="TeX">TeX</a>.</li></ul> <table class="wikitable"> <tbody><tr> <th>What you type </th> <th>What it looks like </th></tr> <tr> <td><kbd>&int; &sum; &prod; &radic;</kbd></td> <td>∫ ∑ ∏ √ </td></tr> <tr> <td><kbd>&minus; &plusmn; &infin;</kbd></td> <td>− ± ∞ </td></tr> <tr> <td><kbd>&asymp; &prop; &equiv; &ne;</kbd></td> <td>≈ ∝ ≡ ≠ </td></tr> <tr> <td><kbd>&le; &ge;</kbd></td> <td>≤ ≥ </td></tr> <tr> <td><kbd>&times; &middot; &divide; &part;</kbd></td> <td>× · ÷ ∂ </td></tr> <tr> <td><kbd>&prime; &Prime;</kbd></td> <td>′ ″ </td></tr> <tr> <td><kbd>&nabla; &permil; &deg; &there4; &alefsym;</kbd></td> <td>∇ ‰ ° ∴ ℵ </td></tr> <tr> <td><kbd>&oslash;</kbd></td> <td>ø </td></tr> <tr> <td><kbd>&isin; &notin; &cap; &cup;</kbd></td> <td>∈ ∉ ∩ ∪ </td></tr> <tr> <td><kbd>&sub; &sup; &sube; &supe;</kbd></td> <td>⊂ ⊃ ⊆ ⊇ </td></tr> <tr> <td><kbd>&not; &and; &or; &exist; &forall;</kbd></td> <td>¬ ∧ ∨ ∃ ∀ </td></tr> <tr> <td><kbd>&rArr; &lArr; &dArr; &uArr; &hArr;</kbd></td> <td>⇒ ⇐ ⇓ ⇑ ⇔ </td></tr> <tr> <td><kbd>&rarr; &larr; &darr; &uarr; &harr;</kbd></td> <td>→ ← ↓ ↑ ↔ </td></tr></tbody></table> <h4><span class="mw-headline" id="Mathematical_formulae">Mathematical formulae</span></h4> <div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main page: <a href="/web/20200413211606/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Help:Displaying_a_formula" title="Help:Displaying a formula">Help:Displaying a formula</a></div> <ul><li>Formulae that include mathematical letters, like <span class="texhtml">x</span>, and operators like <code>×</code> should not use the plain letter <code>x</code>. See <a href="/web/20200413211606/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/MOS:MATH#Font_formatting" class="mw-redirect" title="MOS:MATH">math font formatting</a>. For a comprehensive set of symbols, and comparison between <code class="nowrap" style=""><math></code> tags and the {{<a href="/web/20200413211606/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Template:Math" title="Template:Math">math</a>}} template see section <a href="/web/20200413211606/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Help:Displaying_a_formula#TeX_vs_HTML" title="Help:Displaying a formula"><i>TeX vs HTML</i></a>.</li></ul> <ul><li>The <code class="nowrap" style=""><math></code> tag typesets using <a href="/web/20200413211606/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/MOS:MATH#Typesetting_of_mathematical_formulae" class="mw-redirect" title="MOS:MATH">LaTeX markup</a>, which may render as an image or as HTML, depending on environmental settings. The <code class="nowrap" style=""><math></code> tag is best for the complex formula on its own line in an image format. If you use this tag to put a formula in the line with text, put it in the {{<a href="/web/20200413211606/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Template:Nowrap" title="Template:Nowrap">nowrap</a>}} template.</li></ul> <ul><li>The {{<a href="/web/20200413211606/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Template:Math" title="Template:Math">math</a>}} template <a href="/web/20200413211606/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/MOS:MATH#Using_HTML" class="mw-redirect" title="MOS:MATH">uses HTML</a>, and will size-match a serif font, and will also prevent line-wrap. All templates are sensitive to the <code>=</code> sign, so remember to replace <code>=</code> with <code>{{<a href="/web/20200413211606/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Template:%3D" title="Template:=">=</a>}}</code> in template input, or start the input with <code>1=</code>. Use wikimarkup <code>''</code> and <code>'''</code> inside the {{<a href="/web/20200413211606/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Template:Math" title="Template:Math">math</a>}} template, as well as other <a href="/web/20200413211606/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Mathematical_symbols" title="Wikipedia:Mathematical symbols">HTML entities</a>. The {{<a href="/web/20200413211606/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Template:Math" title="Template:Math">math</a>}} template is best for typeset formulas in line with the text.</li></ul> <table style="table-layout:fixed; width:100%; margin-top:0;margin-left:0; border-width:medium; padding:0;"> <tbody><tr> <th scope="col" style="width:50%;">Markup</th> <th scope="col" style="width:50%;">Renders as  </th></tr> <tr> <td style="width:50%; background:#f9f9f9; border-width:1px;border-style:solid none none solid;border-color:#ddd; padding:9px 5px 5px; vertical-align:top;"><pre style="margin:0;border:none;padding:0; word-wrap:break-word; white-space:-moz-pre-wrap;white-space:-o-pre-wrap;white-space:-pre-wrap;white-space:pre-wrap; "><code class="mw-highlight mw-highlight-lang-tex" dir="ltr"><math>2x <span class="k">\times</span> 4y <span class="k">\div</span> 6z + 8 - <span class="k">\frac</span> <span class="nb">{</span>y<span class="nb">}{</span>z<span class="nb">^</span>2<span class="nb">}</span> = 0</math></code> <code class="mw-highlight mw-highlight-lang-html" dir="ltr">{{math|2''x'' <span class="ni">&times;</span> 4''y'' <span class="ni">&divide;</span> 6''z'' + 8 <span class="ni">&minus;</span> {{sfrac|''y''|''z''<span class="p"><</span><span class="nt">sup</span><span class="p">></span>2<span class="p"></</span><span class="nt">sup</span><span class="p">></span>}} {{=}} 0}}</code> <code class="mw-highlight mw-highlight-lang-tex" dir="ltr"><math><span class="k">\sin</span> 2<span class="k">\pi</span> x + <span class="k">\ln</span> e</math></code> {{math|sin 2&pi;''x'' + ln ''e''}} </pre> </td> <td style="width:50%; background:#f9f9f9; border-width:1px;border-style:solid solid none solid;border-color:#ddd; padding:5px; vertical-align:top;"><div style=""> <p><span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle 2x\times 4y\div 6z+8-{\frac {y}{z^{2}}}=0}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mn>2</mn> <mi>x</mi> <mo>×</mo> <mn>4</mn> <mi>y</mi> <mo>÷</mo> <mn>6</mn> <mi>z</mi> <mo>+</mo> <mn>8</mn> <mo>−</mo> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mfrac> <mi>y</mi> <msup> <mi>z</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>2</mn> </mrow> </msup> </mfrac> </mrow> <mo>=</mo> <mn>0</mn> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle 2x\times 4y\div 6z+8-{\frac {y}{z^{2}}}=0}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://web.archive.org/web/20200413211606im_/https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/50c888078ad82735b510aec1efbb4f1246e0e45b" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -2.171ex; width:26.826ex; height:5.176ex;" alt="{\displaystyle 2x\times 4y\div 6z+8-{\frac {y}{z^{2}}}=0}"/></span> <br/> </p><p><span class="texhtml">2<i>x</i> × 4<i>y</i> ÷ 6<i>z</i> + 8 − <span role="math" class="sfrac nowrap tion" style="display:inline-block; vertical-align:-0.5em; font-size:85%; text-align:center;"><span class="num" style="display:block; line-height:1em; margin:0 0.1em;"><i>y</i></span><span class="slash visualhide">/</span><span class="den" style="display:block; line-height:1em; margin:0 0.1em; border-top:1px solid;"><i>z</i><sup>2</sup></span></span> = 0</span> </p><p><span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle \sin 2\pi x+\ln e}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mi>sin</mi> <mo>⁡</mo> <mn>2</mn> <mi>π</mi> <mi>x</mi> <mo>+</mo> <mi>ln</mi> <mo>⁡</mo> <mi>e</mi> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle \sin 2\pi x+\ln e}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://web.archive.org/web/20200413211606im_/https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/206a5279702274217946d92a94499c5979e2c4c7" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.505ex; width:13.317ex; height:2.343ex;" alt="\sin 2\pi x+\ln e"/></span><br/> <span class="texhtml">sin 2π<i>x</i> + ln <i>e</i></span> </p> </div> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="width:50%; border-width:1px;border-style:solid none none none;border-color:#ddd; padding:5px; vertical-align:top;"> </td> <td style="width:50%; border-width:1px;border-style:solid none none none;border-color:#ddd; padding:5px; vertical-align:top;"> </td></tr></tbody></table> <h4><span class="mw-headline" id="Spacing_in_simple_math_formulae">Spacing in simple math formulae</span></h4> <ul><li>Using <b><code>&nbsp;</code></b> to prevent line break is not needed; the {{<a href="/web/20200413211606/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Template:Math" title="Template:Math">math</a>}} template will prevent line breaks anyway; you can use <code class="nowrap" style=""><br /></code> if you need an explicit line break inside a formula.</li></ul> <table style="table-layout:fixed; width:100%; margin-top:0;margin-left:0; border-width:medium; padding:0;"> <tbody><tr> <th scope="col" style="width:50%;">Markup</th> <th scope="col" style="width:50%;">Renders as  </th></tr> <tr> <td style="width:50%; background:#f9f9f9; border-width:1px;border-style:solid none none solid;border-color:#ddd; padding:9px 5px 5px; vertical-align:top;"><pre style="margin:0;border:none;padding:0; word-wrap:break-word; white-space:-moz-pre-wrap;white-space:-o-pre-wrap;white-space:-pre-wrap;white-space:pre-wrap; "><code class="mw-highlight mw-highlight-lang-html" dir="ltr">It follows that {{math|''x''<span class="p"><</span><span class="nt">sup</span><span class="p">></span>2<span class="p"></</span><span class="nt">sup</span><span class="p">></span> <span class="ni">&ge;</span> 0}} for real {{mvar|x}}.</code></pre> </td> <td style="width:50%; background:#f9f9f9; border-width:1px;border-style:solid solid none solid;border-color:#ddd; padding:5px; vertical-align:top;"><div style=""> <p>It follows that <span class="texhtml"><i>x</i><sup>2</sup> ≥ 0</span> for real <span class="texhtml mvar" style="font-style:italic;">x</span>. </p> </div> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="width:50%; border-width:1px;border-style:solid none none none;border-color:#ddd; padding:5px; vertical-align:top;"> </td> <td style="width:50%; border-width:1px;border-style:solid none none none;border-color:#ddd; padding:5px; vertical-align:top;"> </td></tr></tbody></table> <h4><span class="mw-headline" id="Complicated_formulae">Complicated formulae</span></h4> <ul><li>See <a href="/web/20200413211606/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Help:Displaying_a_formula" title="Help:Displaying a formula">Help:Displaying a formula</a> for how to use <code class="nowrap" style=""><math></code>.</li> <li>A formula displayed on a line by itself should probably be indented by using the colon (:) character.</li></ul> <table style="table-layout:fixed; width:100%; margin-top:0;margin-left:0; border-width:medium; padding:0;"> <tbody><tr> <th scope="col" style="width:50%;">Markup</th> <th scope="col" style="width:50%;">Renders as  </th></tr> <tr> <td style="width:50%; background:#f9f9f9; border-width:1px;border-style:solid none none solid;border-color:#ddd; padding:9px 5px 5px; vertical-align:top;"><pre style="margin:0;border:none;padding:0; word-wrap:break-word; white-space:-moz-pre-wrap;white-space:-o-pre-wrap;white-space:-pre-wrap;white-space:pre-wrap; "><code class="mw-highlight mw-highlight-lang-latex" dir="ltr">: <math><span class="k">\sum</span><span class="nb">_{</span>n=0<span class="nb">}^</span><span class="k">\infty</span> <span class="k">\frac</span><span class="nb">{</span>x<span class="nb">^</span>n<span class="nb">}{</span>n!<span class="nb">}</span></math></code></pre> </td> <td style="width:50%; background:#f9f9f9; border-width:1px;border-style:solid solid none solid;border-color:#ddd; padding:5px; vertical-align:top;"><div style=""> <p>
 </p> <dl><dd><span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle \sum _{n=0}^{\infty }{\frac {x^{n}}{n!}}}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <munderover> <mo>∑</mo> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mi>n</mi> <mo>=</mo> <mn>0</mn> </mrow> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mi mathvariant="normal">∞</mi> </mrow> </munderover> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mfrac> <msup> <mi>x</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mi>n</mi> </mrow> </msup> <mrow> <mi>n</mi> <mo>!</mo> </mrow> </mfrac> </mrow> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle \sum _{n=0}^{\infty }{\frac {x^{n}}{n!}}}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://web.archive.org/web/20200413211606im_/https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/ba14bf0b4765fae2db1debfd0d11b3e20fceee4e" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -3.005ex; width:7.126ex; height:6.843ex;" alt="\sum _{n=0}^{\infty }{\frac {x^{n}}{n!}}"/></span></dd></dl> </div> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="width:50%; border-width:1px;border-style:solid none none none;border-color:#ddd; padding:5px; vertical-align:top;"> </td> <td style="width:50%; border-width:1px;border-style:solid none none none;border-color:#ddd; padding:5px; vertical-align:top;"> </td></tr></tbody></table> <h2><span class="mw-headline" id="Links_and_URLs">Links and URLs</span></h2> <div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main page: <a href="/web/20200413211606/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Help:Link" title="Help:Link">Help:Link</a></div> <h3><span class="mw-headline" id="Free_links">Free links</span></h3> <p>In <a href="/web/20200413211606/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia" title="Wikipedia">Wikipedia</a> and some other <a href="/web/20200413211606/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wiki" title="Wiki">wikis</a>, <b>free links</b> are used in <a href="/web/20200413211606/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikitext" class="mw-redirect" title="Wikitext">wikitext</a> markup to produce <a href="/web/20200413211606/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Internal_link" title="Internal link">internal links</a> between pages, as opposed to the concept of <a href="/web/20200413211606/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CamelCase" class="mw-redirect" title="CamelCase">CamelCase</a> for the same purpose, which was used in the early days of Wikipedia – see <a href="/web/20200413211606/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:CamelCase_and_Wikipedia" title="Wikipedia:CamelCase and Wikipedia">CamelCase and Wikipedia</a>. </p><p>In <a href="/web/20200413211606/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:How_to_edit_a_page#Wiki_markup" class="mw-redirect" title="Wikipedia:How to edit a page">Wikipedia's markup language</a>, you create free links by putting double square brackets around text designating the title of the page you want to link to. Thus, <code>[[Texas]]</code> will be rendered as <a href="/web/20200413211606/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Texas" title="Texas">Texas</a>. Optionally, you can use a <a href="/web/20200413211606/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vertical_bar" title="Vertical bar">vertical bar</a> (|) to customize the link title. For example, typing <code>[[Texas|Lone Star State]]</code> will produce <a href="/web/20200413211606/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Texas" title="Texas">Lone Star State</a>, a link that is displayed as "<u>Lone Star State</u>" but in fact links to <a href="/web/20200413211606/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Texas" title="Texas">Texas</a>. </p> <h4><span class="mw-headline" id="Link_to_another_wiki_article">Link to another wiki article</span></h4> <ul><li>Internally, the first letter of the target page is automatically capitalized and spaces are represented as underscores (typing an underscore in the link has the same effect as typing a space, but is not recommended).</li> <li>Thus the link hereafter is to the Web address <code>en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Public_transport</code>, which is the Wikipedia article with the name "Public transport". See also <a href="/web/20200413211606/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Help:Link#Conversion_to_canonical_form" title="Help:Link">Canonicalization</a>.</li> <li><a href="/web/20200413211606/https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Intentionally_permanent_red_link&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Intentionally permanent red link (page does not exist)">A red link</a> is a page that doesn't exist yet; it can be created by clicking on the link.</li> <li><a href="/web/20200413211606/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Help:Self_link" title="Help:Self link">A link to its own page</a> will appear only as bold text.</li></ul> <table style="table-layout:fixed; width:100%; margin-top:0;margin-left:0; border-width:medium; padding:0;"> <tbody><tr> <th scope="col" style="width:50%;">Markup</th> <th scope="col" style="width:50%;">Renders as  </th></tr> <tr> <td style="width:50%; background:#f9f9f9; border-width:1px;border-style:solid none none solid;border-color:#ddd; padding:9px 5px 5px; vertical-align:top;"><pre style="margin:0;border:none;padding:0; word-wrap:break-word; white-space:-moz-pre-wrap;white-space:-o-pre-wrap;white-space:-pre-wrap;white-space:pre-wrap; ">London has [[public transport]].</pre> </td> <td style="width:50%; background:#f9f9f9; border-width:1px;border-style:solid solid none solid;border-color:#ddd; padding:5px; vertical-align:top;"><div style=""> <p>London has <a href="/web/20200413211606/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Public_transport" title="Public transport">public transport</a>. </p> </div>  </td></tr> <tr> <td style="width:50%; background:#f9f9f9; border-width:1px;border-style:solid none none solid;border-color:#ddd; padding:9px 5px 5px; vertical-align:top;"><pre style="margin:0;border:none;padding:0; word-wrap:break-word; white-space:-moz-pre-wrap;white-space:-o-pre-wrap;white-space:-pre-wrap;white-space:pre-wrap; ">Link to this article: "[[Help:Wikitext]]" will appear only as bold text.</pre> </td> <td style="width:50%; background:#f9f9f9; border-width:1px;border-style:solid solid none solid;border-color:#ddd; padding:5px; vertical-align:top;"><div style=""> <p>Link to this article: "<a class="mw-selflink selflink">Help:Wikitext</a>" will appear only as bold text. </p> </div> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="width:50%; border-width:1px;border-style:solid none none none;border-color:#ddd; padding:5px; vertical-align:top;"> </td> <td style="width:50%; border-width:1px;border-style:solid none none none;border-color:#ddd; padding:5px; vertical-align:top;"> </td></tr></tbody></table> <h4><span class="mw-headline" id="Renamed_link">Renamed link</span></h4> <ul><li>Same target, different name.</li> <li>The target ("piped") text must be placed <b>first</b>, then the text to be displayed <b>second</b>.</li></ul> <table class="wikitable"> <tbody><tr> <th>What you type </th> <th>What it looks like </th></tr> <tr> <td> <p><code>New York also has [[public transport|public transportation]].</code> </p> </td> <td> <p>New York also has <a href="/web/20200413211606/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Public_transport" title="Public transport">public transportation</a>. </p> </td></tr></tbody></table> <h4><span class="mw-headline" id="Automatically_rename_links">Automatically rename links</span></h4> <ul><li>Simply typing the pipe character | after a link will automatically rename the link in certain circumstances. The next time you open the edit box you will see the expanded piped link. When <a href="/web/20200413211606/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Help:Show_preview" title="Help:Show preview">previewing</a> your edits, you will not see the expanded form until you press <b>Save</b> and <b>Edit</b> again. The same applies to <a href="#link-to-section">links to sections within the same page</a>.</li> <li>See <a href="/web/20200413211606/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Help:Pipe_trick" title="Help:Pipe trick">Pipe trick</a> for details.</li></ul> <table class="wikitable"> <tbody><tr> <th>Description </th> <th>What you type </th> <th>What it looks like </th></tr> <tr> <td> <p><i>Automatically hide stuff in parentheses</i> </p> </td> <td> <p><code>[[kingdom (biology)|]]</code> </p> </td> <td> <p><a href="/web/20200413211606/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kingdom_(biology)" title="Kingdom (biology)">kingdom</a> </p> </td></tr> <tr> <td><i>Automatically hide the comma and following text</i> </td> <td><code>[[Seattle, Washington|]]</code> </td> <td><a href="/web/20200413211606/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Seattle,_Washington" class="mw-redirect" title="Seattle, Washington">Seattle</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td> <p><i>Automatically hide namespace</i> </p> </td> <td> <p><code>[[Wikipedia:Village pump|]]</code> </p> </td> <td> <p><a href="/web/20200413211606/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Village_pump" title="Wikipedia:Village pump">Village pump</a> </p> </td></tr> <tr> <td> <p><i>Or both</i> </p> </td> <td> <p><code>[[Wikipedia:Manual of Style (headings)|]]</code> </p> </td> <td> <p><a href="/web/20200413211606/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style_(headings)" class="mw-redirect" title="Wikipedia:Manual of Style (headings)">Manual of Style</a> </p> </td></tr> <tr> <td> <p><i><b>But this doesn't work for section links</b></i> </p> </td> <td> <p><code>[[Wikipedia:Manual of Style#Links|]]</code> </p> </td> <td> <p>[[Wikipedia:Manual of Style#Links|]] </p> </td></tr></tbody></table> <h4><span class="mw-headline" id="Blend_link">Blend link</span></h4> <ul><li>Endings are blended into the link. <ul><li><i>Exception</i>: a trailing <a href="/web/20200413211606/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Apostrophe" title="Apostrophe">apostrophe</a> (') and any characters following the apostrophe are <i>not</i> blended.</li></ul></li> <li>Preferred style is to use this instead of a piped link, if possible.</li> <li>Blending can be suppressed by using the <a href="#Nowiki"><code class="nowrap" style=""><nowiki /></code></a> tag, which may be desirable in some instances.</li></ul> <table class="wikitable"> <tbody><tr> <th>Description </th> <th>What you type </th> <th>What it looks like </th></tr> <tr> <td rowspan="2"><i>Blending active</i> </td> <td> <p><code>San Francisco also has [[public transport]]ation. Examples include [[bus]]es, [[taxicab]]s, and [[tram]]s.</code> </p> </td> <td>San Francisco also has <a href="/web/20200413211606/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Public_transport" title="Public transport">public transportation</a>. Examples include <a href="/web/20200413211606/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bus" title="Bus">buses</a>, <a href="/web/20200413211606/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Taxicab" title="Taxicab">taxicabs</a>, and <a href="/web/20200413211606/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tram" title="Tram">trams</a>. </td></tr> <tr> <td><code>A [[micro-]]second</code> </td> <td>A <a href="/web/20200413211606/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Micro-" title="Micro-">micro-second</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td> <p><i>Blending suppressed</i> </p> </td> <td> <p><code>A [[micro-]]<nowiki />second.</code> </p> </td> <td> <p>A <a href="/web/20200413211606/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Micro-" title="Micro-">micro-</a>second </p> </td></tr></tbody></table> <h4><span class="mw-headline" id="Link_to_a_section_of_a_page">Link to a section of a page</span></h4> <ul><li>The part after the hash sign (#) must match a <a href="/web/20200413211606/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Section_editing#Creation_and_numbering_of_sections" class="mw-redirect" title="Section editing">section heading</a> on the page. Matches must be exact in terms of spelling, case, and punctuation. Links to non-existent sections are not broken; they are treated as links to the beginning of the page.</li> <li>Include "| link title" to create a stylish (<a href="/web/20200413211606/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Piping" class="mw-redirect" title="Wikipedia:Piping">piped</a>) link title.</li> <li>If sections have the same title, add a number to link to any but the first. <a href="#Example_section_3">#Example section 3</a> goes to the third section named "Example section". You can use the pipe and retype the section title to display the text without the # symbol.</li></ul> <table class="wikitable"> <tbody><tr> <th>What you type </th> <th>What it looks like </th></tr> <tr> <td> <p><code>[[Wikipedia:Manual of Style#Italics]] is a link to a section within another page.</code> </p> </td> <td> <p><a href="/web/20200413211606/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style#Italics" title="Wikipedia:Manual of Style">Wikipedia:Manual of Style#Italics</a> is a link to a section within another page. </p> </td></tr> <tr> <td> <p><code>[[#Links and URLs]] is a link to another section on the current page. [[#Links and URLs|Links and URLs]] is a link to the same section without showing the # symbol.</code> </p> </td> <td> <p><a href="#Links_and_URLs">#Links and URLs</a> is a link to another section on the current page. <a href="#Links_and_URLs">Links and URLs</a> is a link to the same section without showing the # symbol. </p> </td></tr> <tr> <td> <p><code>[[Wikipedia:Manual of Style#Italics|Italics]] is a piped link to a section within another page.</code> </p> </td> <td> <p><a href="/web/20200413211606/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style#Italics" title="Wikipedia:Manual of Style">Italics</a> is a piped link to a section within another page. </p> </td></tr></tbody></table> <h4><span class="mw-headline" id="Create_a_page_link">Create a page link</span></h4> <ul><li>To create a new page: <ol><li>Create a link to it on some other (related) page.</li> <li>Save that page.</li> <li>Click on the link you just made. The new page will open for editing.</li></ol></li> <li>For more information, see <a href="/web/20200413211606/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Starting_an_article" class="mw-redirect" title="Wikipedia:Starting an article">starting an article</a> and check out Wikipedia's <a href="/web/20200413211606/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Naming_conventions" class="mw-redirect" title="Wikipedia:Naming conventions">naming conventions</a>.</li> <li>Please do not create a new article without linking to it from at least one other article.</li></ul> <table class="wikitable"> <tbody><tr> <th>Description </th> <th>What you type </th> <th>What it looks like </th></tr> <tr> <td> <p><i>Links to pages that don’t exist yet look red.</i> </p> </td> <td> <p><code>The article about [[cardboard sandwiches]] doesn't exist yet.</code> </p> </td> <td> <p>The article about <a href="/web/20200413211606/https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Cardboard_sandwiches&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Cardboard sandwiches (page does not exist)">cardboard sandwiches</a> doesn't exist yet. </p> </td></tr></tbody></table> <h3><span class="mw-headline" id="Redirects">Redirects</span></h3> <div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main page: <a href="/web/20200413211606/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Help:Redirect" title="Help:Redirect">Help:Redirect</a></div> <ul><li><a href="/web/20200413211606/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Redirect" title="Wikipedia:Redirect">Redirect</a> one article title to another by placing a directive like the one shown to the right on the <i>first</i> line of the article (such as at a page titled "<a href="/web/20200413211606/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/US" class="mw-redirect" title="US">US</a>").</li> <li>It is possible to redirect to a section. For example, a redirect to <a href="/web/20200413211606/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_States#History" title="United States">United States#History</a> will redirect to the History section of the <a href="/web/20200413211606/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_States" title="United States">United States</a> page, if it exists.</li></ul> <table class="wikitable" border="1"> <tbody><tr> <th>Description </th> <th>What you type </th></tr> <tr> <td> <p><i>Redirect to an article</i> </p> </td> <td> <p><code>#REDIRECT [[United States]] </code> </p> </td></tr> <tr> <td> <p><i>Redirect to a section</i> </p> </td> <td> <p><code>#REDIRECT [[United States#History]]</code> </p> </td></tr></tbody></table> <h3><span class="mw-headline" id="Link_to_another_namespace">Link to another <a href="/web/20200413211606/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Help:Namespace" class="mw-redirect" title="Help:Namespace">namespace</a></span></h3> <ul><li>The full page name should be included in double square brackets.</li></ul> <table class="wikitable"> <tbody><tr> <th>What you type </th> <th>What it looks like </th></tr> <tr> <td> <p><code>See the [[Wikipedia:Manual of Style]].</code> </p> </td> <td> <p>See the <a href="/web/20200413211606/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style" title="Wikipedia:Manual of Style">Wikipedia:Manual of Style</a>. </p> </td></tr></tbody></table> <h3><span id="Link_to_the_same_article_in_another_language_.28interlanguage_links.29"></span><span class="mw-headline" id="Link_to_the_same_article_in_another_language_(interlanguage_links)">Link to the same article in another language (interlanguage links)</span></h3> <div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main pages: <a href="/web/20200413211606/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Help:Interlanguage_links" title="Help:Interlanguage links">Help:Interlanguage links</a> and <a href="/web/20200413211606/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Complete_list_of_language_wikis_available" title="Wikipedia:Complete list of language wikis available">Wikipedia:Complete list of language wikis available</a></div> <table class="box-Notice plainlinks ombox ombox-notice" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><img alt="" src="//web.archive.org/web/20200413211606im_/https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/1/1d/Information_icon4.svg/40px-Information_icon4.svg.png" decoding="async" width="40" height="40" srcset="//web.archive.org/web/20200413211606im_/https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/1/1d/Information_icon4.svg/60px-Information_icon4.svg.png 1.5x, //web.archive.org/web/20200413211606im_/https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/1/1d/Information_icon4.svg/80px-Information_icon4.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="620" data-file-height="620"/></td><td class="mbox-text" style="text-align: left;">After the launch of <a href="/web/20200413211606/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Wikidata" title="Wikipedia:Wikidata">Wikidata</a>, interlanguage links are now added through it. Links in articles should exist only in special cases, for example when an article in one language has two articles in another language.</td></tr></tbody></table> <ul><li>To link to a corresponding page in another language, use the form: <code>[[<em>language code</em>:<em>Foreign title</em>]]</code>.</li> <li>It is recommended interlanguage links be placed at the very end of the article.</li> <li>Interlanguage links are not visible within the formatted article, but instead appear as language links on the sidebar (to the left) under the menu section "languages".</li></ul> <ul><li><b>NOTE:</b> To create an <i><b>inline link</b></i> (a clickable link within the text) to <i>any</i> foreign language article, see <a href="/web/20200413211606/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Help:Interlanguage_links#Inline_interlanguage_links" title="Help:Interlanguage links">Help:Interlanguage links#Inline interlanguage links</a> and consider the usage notes.</li></ul> <table class="wikitable"> <tbody><tr> <th>Description </th> <th>What you type </th></tr> <tr> <td> <p><i>Link from English article "Plankton" to the Spanish article <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200413211606/https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Plancton" class="extiw" title="es:Plancton">"Plancton"</a>.</i> </p><p><i>"es" is the language code for "<i lang="es" title="Spanish language text">español</i>" (the <a href="/web/20200413211606/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spanish_language" title="Spanish language">Spanish language</a>).</i> </p> </td> <td> <pre>[[es:Plancton]] </pre> </td></tr> <tr> <td> <p><i>Other examples: French (<code>fr</code> for <i lang="fr" title="French language text">français</i>), German (<code>de</code> for <i lang="de" title="German language text">Deutsch</i>), Russian (<code>ru</code>), and simple English (<code>simple</code>).</i> </p> </td> <td> <pre>[[fr:Plancton]] [[de:Plankton]] [[ru:Планктон]] [[simple:Plankton]] </pre> </td></tr></tbody></table> <h3><span class="mw-headline" id="Interwiki_link">Interwiki link</span></h3> <ul><li><a href="/web/20200413211606/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Interwiki_links" title="Interwiki links">Interwiki links</a> link to any page on other wikis. <a href="/web/20200413211606/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Help:Interwikimedia_links" title="Help:Interwikimedia links">Interwikimedia links</a> link to other Wikimedia wikis.</li> <li>Note that interwikimedia links use the internal link style, with double square brackets.</li> <li>See <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200413211606/https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Interwiki_map" class="extiw" title="metawikipedia:Interwiki map">MetaWikiPedia:Interwiki_map</a> for the list of shortcuts; if the site you want to link to is not on the list, use an <a href="#External_links">external link</a>.</li> <li>See also <a href="/web/20200413211606/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Wikimedia_sister_projects" title="Wikipedia:Wikimedia sister projects">Wikimedia sister projects</a>.</li></ul> <table class="wikitable"> <tbody><tr> <th>Description </th> <th>What you type </th> <th>What it looks like </th></tr> <tr> <td colspan="3"> <p>Linking to a page on another wiki in English. </p><p>All of these forms lead to the URL <em><a class="external free" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200413211606/https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/hello">http://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/hello</a></em>. </p> </td></tr> <tr> <td> <p><i>Simple link.</i> </p><p><i>Without prefix.</i> </p><p><i>Named link.</i> </p> </td> <td> <p><code>[[Wiktionary:hello]]</code> </p><p><code>[[Wiktionary:hello|]]</code> </p><p><code>[[Wiktionary:hello|Wiktionary definition of "hello"]] </code> </p> </td> <td> <p><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200413211606/https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/hello" class="extiw" title="wiktionary:hello">Wiktionary:hello</a> </p><p><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200413211606/https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/hello" class="extiw" title="wiktionary:hello">hello</a> </p><p><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200413211606/https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/hello" class="extiw" title="wiktionary:hello">Wiktionary definition of "hello"</a> </p> </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="3"> <p>Linking to a page on another wiki in another language. </p><p>All of these forms lead to the URL <em><a class="external free" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200413211606/https://fr.wiktionary.org/wiki/bonjour">http://fr.wiktionary.org/wiki/bonjour</a></em>. </p> </td></tr> <tr> <td> <p><i>Simple link.</i> </p><p><i>Without prefix.</i> </p><p><i>Named link.</i> </p> </td> <td> <p><code>[[Wiktionary:fr:bonjour]]</code> </p><p><code>[[Wiktionary:fr:bonjour|]]</code> </p><p><code>[[Wiktionary:fr:bonjour|bonjour]]</code> </p> </td> <td> <p><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200413211606/https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/fr:bonjour" class="extiw" title="wiktionary:fr:bonjour">Wiktionary:fr:bonjour</a> </p><p><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200413211606/https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/fr:bonjour" class="extiw" title="wiktionary:fr:bonjour">fr:bonjour</a> </p><p><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200413211606/https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/fr:bonjour" class="extiw" title="wiktionary:fr:bonjour">bonjour</a> </p> </td></tr></tbody></table> <h3><span class="mw-headline" id="Categories">Categories</span></h3> <ul><li>To put an article in a <a href="/web/20200413211606/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Categorization" title="Wikipedia:Categorization">category</a>, place a link like <code>[[Category:Example]]</code> into the article. As with interlanguage links, placing these links at <a href="/web/20200413211606/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:FOOTERS" class="mw-redirect" title="Wikipedia:FOOTERS">the end of the article</a> is recommended.</li> <li>To link to a category page without putting the article into the category, use a colon prefix (":Category") in the link.</li></ul> <table class="wikitable"> <tbody><tr> <th>Description </th> <th>What you type </th> <th>What it looks like </th></tr> <tr> <td> <p><i>Categorize an article.</i> </p> </td> <td> <p><code>[[Category:Character sets]]</code> </p> </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td> <p><i>Link to a category.</i> </p> </td> <td> <p><code>[[:Category:Character sets]]</code> </p> </td> <td> <p><a href="/web/20200413211606/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Category:Character_sets" title="Category:Character sets">Category:Character sets</a> </p> </td></tr> <tr> <td> <p><i>Without prefix.</i> </p> </td> <td> <p><code>[[:Category:Character sets|]]</code> </p> </td> <td> <p><a href="/web/20200413211606/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Category:Character_sets" title="Category:Character sets">Character sets</a> </p> </td></tr></tbody></table> <h3><span class="mw-headline" id="External_links">External links</span></h3> <ul><li>Single square brackets indicate an external link. Note the use of a <i>space</i> (not a pipe |) to separate the URL from the link text in a named link. Square brackets may be used as normal punctuation when not linking to anything – [like this].</li> <li>A <a href="/web/20200413211606/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Uniform_Resource_Locator" class="mw-redirect" title="Uniform Resource Locator">URL</a> must begin with a supported <a href="/web/20200413211606/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/URI_scheme" class="mw-redirect" title="URI scheme">URI scheme</a>: <code>http://</code> and <code>https://</code> will be supported by all browsers; <code>irc://</code>, <code>ircs://</code>, <code>ftp://</code>, <code class="mw-highlight" dir="ltr">news://</code>, <code>mailto:</code>, and <code>gopher://</code> will require a plugin or an external application. IPv6 addresses in URLs are currently not supported.</li> <li>A URL containing certain characters will display and link incorrectly unless those characters are <a href="/web/20200413211606/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Percent-encoding" title="Percent-encoding">percent encoded</a>. For example, a space must be replaced by <code>%20</code>. Encoding can be achieved by:</li></ul> <dl><dd><ul><li>Use the link button <a href="/web/20200413211606/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:OOjs_UI_icon_link-ltr.svg" class="image"><img alt="OOjs UI icon link-ltr.svg" src="//web.archive.org/web/20200413211606im_/https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/72/OOjs_UI_icon_link-ltr.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_link-ltr.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="20" srcset="//web.archive.org/web/20200413211606im_/https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/72/OOjs_UI_icon_link-ltr.svg/30px-OOjs_UI_icon_link-ltr.svg.png 1.5x, //web.archive.org/web/20200413211606im_/https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/72/OOjs_UI_icon_link-ltr.svg/40px-OOjs_UI_icon_link-ltr.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20"/></a> on the enhanced editing toolbar to encode the link; this tool will add the bracket markup and the linked text, which may not always be desirable.</li> <li>Or manually encode the URL by replacing these characters:</li></ul></dd></dl> <table class="wikitable" style="margin-left: 5em"> <tbody><tr> <th><i>space</i></th> <th>"</th> <th>'</th> <th>,</th> <th>;</th> <th><</th> <th>></th> <th>?</th> <th>[</th> <th>] </th></tr> <tr> <td>%20</td> <td>%22</td> <td>%27</td> <td>%2c</td> <td>%3b</td> <td>%3c</td> <td>%3e</td> <td>%3f</td> <td>%5b</td> <td>%5d </td></tr></tbody></table> <dl><dd><ul><li>Or use the <code>{{urlencode:}}</code> magic word. See <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200413211606/https://www.mediawiki.org/wiki/Help:Magic_words#URL_data" class="extiw" title="mw:Help:Magic words">Help:Magic words</a> in the MediaWiki documentation for more details.</li></ul></dd></dl> <ul><li>See <a href="/web/20200413211606/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:External_links" title="Wikipedia:External links">Wikipedia:External links</a> for style issues, and <a href="/web/20200413211606/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Category:External_link_file_type_templates" title="Category:External link file type templates">Category:External link file type templates</a> for indicating the file type of an external link with an icon.</li></ul> <table class="wikitable"> <tbody><tr> <th>Description </th> <th>What you type </th> <th>What it looks like </th></tr> <tr> <td> <p><i>Named link</i> with an <a href="/web/20200413211606/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Help:External_link_icons" title="Help:External link icons">external link icon</a> </p> </td> <td> <p><code>[http://www.wikipedia.org Wikipedia]</code> </p> </td> <td> <p><a class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200413211606/https://www.wikipedia.org/">Wikipedia</a> </p> </td></tr> <tr> <td> <p><i>Unnamed link</i> </p><p><i>(Used only within article body for footnotes)</i> </p> </td> <td> <p><code>[http://www.wikipedia.org]</code> </p> </td> <td> <p><a class="external autonumber" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200413211606/https://www.wikipedia.org/">[1]</a> </p> </td></tr> <tr> <td> <p><i>Bare URL</i> </p><p><i>(Bad style)</i> </p><p>use <nowiki></nowiki> to keep this bad style from showing </p> </td> <td> <p><code>http://www.wikipedia.org</code> </p> </td> <td> <p><a class="external free" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200413211606/https://www.wikipedia.org/">http://www.wikipedia.org</a> </p> </td></tr> <tr> <td> <p><i>Link without arrow</i> </p><p><i>(Not often used)</i> </p> </td> <td> <p><code><span class="plainlinks">[http://www.wikipedia.org Wikipedia]</span></code> </p> </td> <td> <p><span class="plainlinks"> <a class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200413211606/https://www.wikipedia.org/">Wikipedia</a></span> </p> </td></tr></tbody></table> <h3><span class="mw-headline" id="Automatic_links">Automatic links</span></h3> <div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main page: <a href="/web/20200413211606/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Help:Magic_links" title="Help:Magic links">Help:Magic links</a></div> <p>Magic links are automatic links for certain unique identifiers that require no markup. They can be used for ISBN numbers, RFC numbers, and PMID numbers. </p> <h4><span class="mw-headline" id="Book_sources">Book sources</span></h4> <ul><li>Link to books using their <a href="/web/20200413211606/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:ISBN" title="Wikipedia:ISBN">ISBN</a>, which creates a link to <a href="/web/20200413211606/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources" title="Special:BookSources">Special:BookSources</a>. This is preferred to linking to a specific online bookstore, because it gives the reader a choice of vendors. However, if one bookstore or online service provides additional free information, such as table of contents or excerpts from the text, then a link to that source will aid the user and is recommended. ISBN links do not need any extra markup, provided you use one of the indicated formats.</li> <li>To create a link to <a href="/web/20200413211606/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources" title="Special:BookSources">Special:BookSources</a> using alternative text (e.g. the book's title), use the internal link style with the appropriate namespace.</li></ul> <table class="wikitable"> <tbody><tr> <th>What you type </th> <th>What it looks like </th></tr> <tr> <td> <p><code>{{ISBN|022628705X}}</code> </p> </td> <td> <p><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r935243608">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-free a{background:url("//web.archive.org/web/20200413211606im_/https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Lock-green.svg/9px-Lock-green.svg.png")no-repeat;background-position:right .1em center}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-registration a{background:url("//web.archive.org/web/20200413211606im_/https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg/9px-Lock-gray-alt-2.svg.png")no-repeat;background-position:right .1em center}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-subscription a{background:url("//web.archive.org/web/20200413211606im_/https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg/9px-Lock-red-alt-2.svg.png")no-repeat;background-position:right .1em center}.mw-parser-output .cs1-subscription,.mw-parser-output .cs1-registration{color:#555}.mw-parser-output .cs1-subscription span,.mw-parser-output .cs1-registration span{border-bottom:1px dotted;cursor:help}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//web.archive.org/web/20200413211606im_/https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/12px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png")no-repeat;background-position:right .1em center}.mw-parser-output code.cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:inherit;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#33aa33;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-subscription,.mw-parser-output .cs1-registration,.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left,.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-wl-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right,.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-wl-right{padding-right:0.2em}</style><a href="/web/20200413211606/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="/web/20200413211606/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/022628705X" title="Special:BookSources/022628705X">022628705X</a> </p> </td></tr> <tr> <td> <p><code>{{ISBN|0-22-628705-X}}</code> </p> </td> <td> <p><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r935243608"/><a href="/web/20200413211606/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="/web/20200413211606/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-22-628705-X" title="Special:BookSources/0-22-628705-X">0-22-628705-X</a> </p> </td></tr> <tr> <td> <p><code>Link to a book using [[Special:BookSources/0670037818|alternative text, such as its title]]</code> </p> </td> <td> <p>Link to a book using <a href="/web/20200413211606/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/0670037818" title="Special:BookSources/0670037818">alternative text, such as its title</a> </p> </td></tr></tbody></table> <h4><span class="mw-headline" id="RFC_number">RFC number</span></h4> <ul><li>Link to an <a href="/web/20200413211606/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Internet_Engineering_Task_Force" title="Internet Engineering Task Force">Internet Engineering Task Force</a> <a href="/web/20200413211606/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Request_for_Comments" title="Request for Comments">Request for Comments (RFC)</a>.</li></ul> <table class="wikitable"> <tbody><tr> <th>What you type </th> <th>What it looks like </th></tr> <tr> <td> <p><code>Text mentioning an RFC number anywhere, e.g. RFC 4321.</code> </p> </td> <td> <p>Text mentioning an RFC number anywhere, e.g. <a class="external mw-magiclink-rfc" rel="nofollow" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200413211606/https://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc4321">RFC 4321</a>. </p> </td></tr></tbody></table> <h3><span class="mw-headline" id="Miscellaneous">Miscellaneous</span></h3> <h4><span id=".22As_of.22_template"></span><span class="mw-headline" id=""As_of"_template">"As of" template</span></h4> <ul><li>The <i><a href="/web/20200413211606/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:As_of" title="Wikipedia:As of">As of</a></i> template generates phrases like "As of April 2009" or "as of April 2009", and categorize information that will need updating. For an explanation of the parameters see the {{<a href="/web/20200413211606/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Template:As_of" title="Template:As of">As of</a>}} documentation.</li></ul> <table class="wikitable"> <tbody><tr> <th>What you type </th> <th>What it looks like </th></tr> <tr> <td> <p><code>{{As of|2009|4|df=us}}</code> </p> </td> <td> <p>As of April 2009<sup class="plainlinks noexcerpt noprint asof-tag update" style="display:none;"><a class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200413211606/https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Wikitext&action=edit">[update]</a></sup> </p> </td></tr> <tr> <td> <p><code>{{As of|2009|4|df=us|lc=y}}</code> </p> </td> <td> <p>as of April 2009<sup class="plainlinks noexcerpt noprint asof-tag update" style="display:none;"><a class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200413211606/https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Wikitext&action=edit">[update]</a></sup> </p> </td></tr></tbody></table> <h4><span class="mw-headline" id="Media_link">Media link</span></h4> <ul><li>To include links to non image uploads such as sounds, use a "media" link. For images, <a href="#Images">see next section</a>.</li> <li>Some uploaded sounds are listed at <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200413211606/https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Sound" class="extiw" title="commons:Sound">Commons:Sound</a>.</li></ul> <table class="wikitable"> <tbody><tr> <th>What you type </th> <th>What it looks like </th></tr> <tr> <td> <p><code>[[media:Classical guitar scale.ogg|Sound]]</code> </p> </td> <td> <p><a href="//web.archive.org/web/20200413211606/https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/5/53/Classical_guitar_scale.ogg" class="internal" title="Classical guitar scale.ogg">Sound</a> </p> </td></tr></tbody></table> <h4><span class="mw-headline" id="Links_directly_into_edit_mode">Links directly into edit mode</span></h4> <ul><li>These create links that directly go to the edit or view source tab. For example, to create links to the edit tab for this page, either of the following works:</li></ul> <table class="wikitable"> <tbody><tr> <th>Description </th> <th>What you type </th> <th>What it looks like </th></tr> <tr> <td> <p>Using the {{<a href="/web/20200413211606/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Template:Fullurl" title="Template:Fullurl">fullurl</a>}} template </p> </td> <td> <p><code>[{{fullurl:Help:Wiki markup|action=edit}} edit]</code> </p> </td> <td> <p><a class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200413211606/https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Help:Wiki_markup&action=edit">edit</a> </p> </td></tr> <tr> <td> <p>Using the {{<a href="/web/20200413211606/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Template:Edit" title="Template:Edit">Edit</a>}} template </p> </td> <td> <p><code>{{edit}}</code> </p> </td> <td> <p><span class="noprint plainlinks" title="Edit {{{1}}}"><a class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200413211606/https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Help:Wikitext&action=edit">edit</a></span> </p> </td></tr></tbody></table> <h4><span class="mw-headline" id="Links_partially_italicized">Links partially italicized</span></h4> <ul><li>Linking to a page with a title containing words that are usually italicized, such as the <a href="/web/20200413211606/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hindenburg_disaster" title="Hindenburg disaster"><i>Hindenburg</i> disaster</a> article.</li></ul> <table class="wikitable"> <tbody><tr> <th>What you type </th> <th>What it looks like </th></tr> <tr> <td> <p><code>[[Hindenburg disaster|''Hindenburg'' disaster]]</code> </p> </td> <td> <p><a href="/web/20200413211606/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hindenburg_disaster" title="Hindenburg disaster"><i>Hindenburg</i> disaster</a> </p> </td></tr></tbody></table> <h2><span class="mw-headline" id="Pronunciation_aids">Pronunciation aids</span></h2> <p>It is often desirable to provide an aid to pronunciation for a word. The <a href="/web/20200413211606/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Template:IPAc-en" title="Template:IPAc-en"><i>IPAc-en</i></a> and <a href="/web/20200413211606/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Template:Respell" title="Template:Respell"><i>Respell</i></a> templates can be of assistance. </p> <table class="wikitable"> <tbody><tr> <th>What you type </th> <th>What it looks like </th></tr> <tr> <td> <p><code>'''Konjac''' {{IPAc-en|lang|pron|ˈ|k|oʊ|n|j|æ|k}}</code> </p> </td> <td> <p><b>Konjac</b> <span class="rt-commentedText nowrap"><small>English: </small><span class="IPA nopopups noexcerpt"><a href="/web/20200413211606/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Help:IPA/English" title="Help:IPA/English">/<span style="border-bottom:1px dotted"><span title="/ˈ/: primary stress follows">ˈ</span><span title="'k' in 'kind'">k</span><span title="/oʊ/: 'o' in 'code'">oʊ</span><span title="'n' in 'nigh'">n</span><span title="/j/: 'y' in 'yes'">j</span><span title="/æ/: 'a' in 'bad'">æ</span><span title="'k' in 'kind'">k</span></span>/</a></span></span> </p> </td></tr> <tr> <td> <p><code>'''Konjac''' ({{IPAc-en|lang|pron|ˈ|k|oʊ|n|j|æ|k}} {{respell|KOHN|yak}})</code> </p> </td> <td> <p><b>Konjac</b> (<span class="rt-commentedText nowrap"><small>English: </small><span class="IPA nopopups noexcerpt"><a href="/web/20200413211606/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Help:IPA/English" title="Help:IPA/English">/<span style="border-bottom:1px dotted"><span title="/ˈ/: primary stress follows">ˈ</span><span title="'k' in 'kind'">k</span><span title="/oʊ/: 'o' in 'code'">oʊ</span><span title="'n' in 'nigh'">n</span><span title="/j/: 'y' in 'yes'">j</span><span title="/æ/: 'a' in 'bad'">æ</span><span title="'k' in 'kind'">k</span></span>/</a></span></span> <a href="/web/20200413211606/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Help:Pronunciation_respelling_key" title="Help:Pronunciation respelling key"><i title="English pronunciation respelling"><span style="font-size:90%">KOHN</span>-yak</i></a>) </p> </td></tr> <tr> <td> <p><code>''Konjac'' is pronounced {{IPAc-en|ˈ|k|oʊ|n|j|æ|k}} in English.</code> </p> </td> <td> <p><i>Konjac</i> is pronounced <span class="rt-commentedText nowrap"><span class="IPA nopopups noexcerpt"><a href="/web/20200413211606/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Help:IPA/English" title="Help:IPA/English">/<span style="border-bottom:1px dotted"><span title="/ˈ/: primary stress follows">ˈ</span><span title="'k' in 'kind'">k</span><span title="/oʊ/: 'o' in 'code'">oʊ</span><span title="'n' in 'nigh'">n</span><span title="/j/: 'y' in 'yes'">j</span><span title="/æ/: 'a' in 'bad'">æ</span><span title="'k' in 'kind'">k</span></span>/</a></span></span> in English. </p> </td></tr></tbody></table> <p>Refer to <a href="/web/20200413211606/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style_(pronunciation)" class="mw-redirect" title="Wikipedia:Manual of Style (pronunciation)">Wikipedia:Manual of Style (pronunciation)</a> for more information. </p> <h2><span class="mw-headline" id="Musical_notation">Musical notation</span></h2> <div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main page: <a href="/web/20200413211606/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Help:Score" title="Help:Score">Help:Score</a></div> <p>Musical notation is added by using the <code class="nowrap"><<a href="/web/20200413211606/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Help:Score" title="Help:Score">score</a>>...</score></code> extension tag. For example: </p> <dl><dd></dd></dl> <table style="table-layout:fixed; width:100%; margin-top:0;margin-left:0; border-width:medium; padding:0;"> <tbody><tr> <th scope="col" style="width:50%;">Markup</th> <th scope="col" style="width:50%;">Renders as  </th></tr> <tr> <td style="width:50%; background:#f9f9f9; border-width:1px;border-style:solid none none solid;border-color:#ddd; padding:9px 5px 5px; vertical-align:top;"><pre style="margin:0;border:none;padding:0; word-wrap:break-word; white-space:-moz-pre-wrap;white-space:-o-pre-wrap;white-space:-pre-wrap;white-space:pre-wrap; "><score>\relative c' { fis d fis a d f e d c cis d e a g f ees }</score></pre> </td> <td style="width:50%; background:#f9f9f9; border-width:1px;border-style:solid solid none solid;border-color:#ddd; padding:5px; vertical-align:top;"><div style=""> <div class="mw-ext-score" data-midi="//upload.wikimedia.org/score/n/y/ny6nd3uwcxua7hru2pdu8l2rca4sud0/ny6nd3uw.midi" data-source="//upload.wikimedia.org/score/n/y/ny6nd3uwcxua7hru2pdu8l2rca4sud0/ny6nd3uw.ly"><img src="//web.archive.org/web/20200413211606im_/https://upload.wikimedia.org/score/n/y/ny6nd3uwcxua7hru2pdu8l2rca4sud0/ny6nd3uw.png" width="433" height="52" alt="\relative c' { fis d fis a d f e d c cis d e a g f ees }"/></div> </div> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="width:50%; border-width:1px;border-style:solid none none none;border-color:#ddd; padding:5px; vertical-align:top;"> </td> <td style="width:50%; border-width:1px;border-style:solid none none none;border-color:#ddd; padding:5px; vertical-align:top;"> </td></tr></tbody></table> <h2><span class="mw-headline" id="Images">Images</span></h2> <div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main pages: <a href="/web/20200413211606/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Help:Visual_file_markup" title="Help:Visual file markup">Help:Visual file markup</a> and <a href="/web/20200413211606/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Images" title="Wikipedia:Images">Wikipedia:Images</a></div> <p>Only images that have been uploaded to Wikipedia or <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200413211606/https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/main" class="extiw" title="commons:main">Wikipedia Commons</a> can be used. To upload images, use the <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200413211606/https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:UploadWizard" class="extiw" title="commons:Special:UploadWizard">Commons upload wizard</a> for photos you have taken, and the <a href="/web/20200413211606/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:Upload" title="Special:Upload">upload page</a> if there may be copyright issues. You can find the uploaded image on the <a href="/web/20200413211606/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:ListFiles" title="Special:ListFiles">image list</a>. </p><p>See the Wikipedia's <a href="/web/20200413211606/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Image_use_policy" title="Wikipedia:Image use policy">image use policy</a> for the policy used on Wikipedia. </p><p>For further help on images, including some more versatile abilities, see the <a href="/web/20200413211606/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:PIC" class="mw-redirect" title="Wikipedia:PIC">picture tutorial</a> and <a href="/web/20200413211606/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Extended_image_syntax" title="Wikipedia:Extended image syntax">extended image syntax</a>. </p> <table class="wikitable"> <tbody><tr> <th>What you type </th> <th>What it looks like </th> <th>Notes </th></tr> <tr style="vertical-align:top;"> <td><pre style="white-space: pre-wrap;">The image name, the word thumb then the caption : [[File:wiki.png|thumb|Wikipedia logo]]</pre> </td> <td>The image name, the word thumb then the caption : <div class="thumb tright"><div class="thumbinner" style="width:137px;"><a href="/web/20200413211606/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Wiki.png" class="image"><img alt="Puzzle globe" src="//web.archive.org/web/20200413211606im_/https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/b/bc/Wiki.png" decoding="async" width="135" height="155" class="thumbimage" data-file-width="135" data-file-height="155"/></a> <div class="thumbcaption"><div class="magnify"><a href="/web/20200413211606/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Wiki.png" class="internal" title="Enlarge"></a></div>Wikipedia logo</div></div></div> <div style="clear:both;"></div> </td> <td> <ul><li>The thumb tag automatically allows the image to be enlarged and positions it (floats) automatically to the right of the page.</li> <li>An enlarge icon is placed in the lower right corner.</li> <li>See note below about adding an <a href="#alt_tag">alt tag</a></li> <li>This is the basic markup for most images</li></ul> <p><br/> </p> </td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align: top;"> <td><pre>A picture: [[File:wiki.png]]</pre> </td> <td>A picture: <a href="/web/20200413211606/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Wiki.png" class="image"><img alt="Wiki.png" src="//web.archive.org/web/20200413211606im_/https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/b/bc/Wiki.png" decoding="async" width="135" height="155" data-file-width="135" data-file-height="155"/></a> </td> <td> <ul><li>The picture name alone places the image in the text, or on the next line if there is insufficient space.</li> <li>Embedding the image in the text is only possible for very small images.</li> <li>Embedding the image will affect the vertical formatting of text.</li></ul> </td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align: top;"> <td><pre>With alternative text: [[File:wiki.png|alt=Puzzle globe logo]]</pre> </td> <td>With alternative text: <p><a href="/web/20200413211606/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Wiki.png" class="image"><img alt="Puzzle globe logo" src="//web.archive.org/web/20200413211606im_/https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/b/bc/Wiki.png" decoding="async" width="135" height="155" data-file-width="135" data-file-height="155"/></a> </p> </td> <td> <ul><li><span id="alt_tag"></span>Alternative text, used when the image is unavailable or when the image is loaded in a text-only browser, or when spoken aloud, is <b>strongly</b> encouraged. See <a href="/web/20200413211606/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Alternative_text_for_images" class="mw-redirect" title="Wikipedia:Alternative text for images">Alternative text for images</a> for help on choosing it.</li></ul> </td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align:top;"> <td><pre>With link: [[File:wiki.png|link=Wikipedia]]</pre> </td> <td>With link: <a href="/web/20200413211606/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia" title="Wikipedia"><img alt="Wiki.png" src="//web.archive.org/web/20200413211606im_/https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/b/bc/Wiki.png" decoding="async" width="135" height="155" data-file-width="135" data-file-height="155"/></a> <div style="clear:both;"></div> </td> <td> <ul><li>The link directs to the Wikipedia page, <a href="/web/20200413211606/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia" title="Wikipedia">Wikipedia</a>, instead of the image file page.</li></ul> </td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align:top;"> <td><pre style="white-space: pre-wrap;">Forced to the centre of the page using the ''frame'' tag (attribute), a ''centre'' tag and a caption: [[File:wiki.png|frame|centre|alt=Puzzle globe|Wikipedia logo]]</pre> </td> <td>Forced to the centre of the page using the <i>frame</i> tag (attribute), a <i>centre</i> tag and a caption: <div class="center"><div class="thumb tnone"><div class="thumbinner" style="width:137px;"><a href="/web/20200413211606/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Wiki.png" class="image"><img alt="Puzzle globe" src="//web.archive.org/web/20200413211606im_/https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/b/bc/Wiki.png" decoding="async" width="135" height="155" class="thumbimage" data-file-width="135" data-file-height="155"/></a> <div class="thumbcaption">Wikipedia logo</div></div></div></div> <div style="clear:both;"></div> </td> <td> <ul><li>The frame tag automatically floats the image right.</li> <li>The frame tag is only of use with very small images or ones using the <a href="#px_tag">px tag</a></li> <li>The attributes left, center or centre override this, and places the image to the left or the centre of the page. <span id="upright_tag"></span></li> <li>The last parameter is the caption that appears below the image.</li></ul> </td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align:top;"> <td><pre style="white-space: pre-wrap;">Forced to the left side of the page using the ''thumb'' attribute, the ''left'' attribute and a caption: [[File:wiki.png|thumb|left|alt=Puzzle globe|Wikipedia logo]]</pre> </td> <td>Forced to the left side of the page using the <i>thumb</i> attribute, the <i>left</i> attribute and a caption: <div class="thumb tleft"><div class="thumbinner" style="width:137px;"><a href="/web/20200413211606/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Wiki.png" class="image"><img alt="Puzzle globe" src="//web.archive.org/web/20200413211606im_/https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/b/bc/Wiki.png" decoding="async" width="135" height="155" class="thumbimage" data-file-width="135" data-file-height="155"/></a> <div class="thumbcaption"><div class="magnify"><a href="/web/20200413211606/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Wiki.png" class="internal" title="Enlarge"></a></div>Wikipedia logo</div></div></div> <div style="clear:both;"></div> </td> <td> <ul><li>The thumb tag automatically floats the image right.</li> <li>An enlarge icon is placed in the lower right corner.</li> <li>The attributes left, center or centre override this, and places the image to the left or the centre of the page.</li></ul> </td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align:top;"> <td><pre style="white-space: pre-wrap;">Forced to the right side of the page ''without'' a caption: [[File:wiki.png|right|Wikipedia encyclopedia]]</pre> </td> <td>Forced to the right side of the page <i>without</i> a caption: <div class="floatright"><a href="/web/20200413211606/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Wiki.png" class="image" title="Wikipedia encyclopedia"><img alt="Wikipedia encyclopedia" src="//web.archive.org/web/20200413211606im_/https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/b/bc/Wiki.png" decoding="async" width="135" height="155" data-file-width="135" data-file-height="155"/></a></div> </td> <td> <ul><li>Captions are only displayed when the thumb or frame attributes are present</li> <li>The <a href="/web/20200413211606/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:PIC" class="mw-redirect" title="Wikipedia:PIC">picture tutorial</a> explains more options.</li></ul> </td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align:top;"> <td><pre>A picture resized to 50 pixels... [[File:wiki.png|50 px|Wikipedia encyclopedia]]</pre> </td> <td>A picture resized to 50 pixels... <p><a href="/web/20200413211606/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Wiki.png" class="image" title="Wikipedia encyclopedia"><img alt="Wikipedia encyclopedia" src="//web.archive.org/web/20200413211606im_/https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/bc/Wiki.png/50px-Wiki.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="57" srcset="//web.archive.org/web/20200413211606im_/https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/bc/Wiki.png/75px-Wiki.png 1.5x, //web.archive.org/web/20200413211606im_/https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/bc/Wiki.png/100px-Wiki.png 2x" data-file-width="135" data-file-height="155"/></a> </p> </td> <td> <ul><li><span id="px_tag"></span>The <a href="/web/20200413211606/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:PIC" class="mw-redirect" title="Wikipedia:PIC">picture tutorial</a> explains more options.</li> <li>This should be used very sparingly, thumb images are always of the same width.</li> <li>There is an <a href="#upright_tag"><i>upright</i> attribute</a> that can be used to display tall images. These tags are optimised for both laptop and mobile phone screens.</li></ul> </td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align:top;"> <td><pre>Linking directly to the description page of an image: [[:File:wiki.png]]</pre> </td> <td>Linking directly to the description page of an image: <p><a href="/web/20200413211606/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Wiki.png" title="File:Wiki.png">File:wiki.png</a> </p> </td> <td> <ul><li>Clicking on an image displayed normally on a page also leads to the description page.</li></ul> </td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align:top;"> <td><pre>Linking directly to an image without displaying it: [[Media:wiki.png|Image of jigsaw globe]]</pre> </td> <td>Linking directly to an image without displaying it: <p><a href="//web.archive.org/web/20200413211606/https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/b/bc/Wiki.png" class="internal" title="Wiki.png">Image of jigsaw globe</a> </p> </td> <td> <ul><li>To include links to images shown as links instead of drawn on the page, use a "media" link.</li></ul> </td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align:top;"> <td> <div class="mw-highlight mw-highlight-lang-html mw-content-ltr" dir="ltr"><pre><span></span>Example: <span class="p"><</span><span class="nt">div</span> <span class="na">style</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="s">"display: inline; width: 220px; float: right;"</span><span class="p">></span> [[File:wiki.png|50 px|Wikipedia encyclopedia]][[File:wiki.png|50 px]] <span class="p"></</span><span class="nt">div</span><span class="p">></span> </pre></div> </td> <td> <p>Example: </p> <div style="display: inline; width: 220px; float: right;"> <a href="/web/20200413211606/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Wiki.png" class="image" title="Wikipedia encyclopedia"><img alt="Wikipedia encyclopedia" src="//web.archive.org/web/20200413211606im_/https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/bc/Wiki.png/50px-Wiki.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="57" srcset="//web.archive.org/web/20200413211606im_/https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/bc/Wiki.png/75px-Wiki.png 1.5x, //web.archive.org/web/20200413211606im_/https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/bc/Wiki.png/100px-Wiki.png 2x" data-file-width="135" data-file-height="155"/></a><a href="/web/20200413211606/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Wiki.png" class="image"><img alt="Wiki.png" src="//web.archive.org/web/20200413211606im_/https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/bc/Wiki.png/50px-Wiki.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="57" srcset="//web.archive.org/web/20200413211606im_/https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/bc/Wiki.png/75px-Wiki.png 1.5x, //web.archive.org/web/20200413211606im_/https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/bc/Wiki.png/100px-Wiki.png 2x" data-file-width="135" data-file-height="155"/></a> </div> </td> <td> <ul><li>Using the <a href="/web/20200413211606/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Span_and_div" title="Span and div"><code>span</code> or <code>div</code> elements</a> to separate images from text (note that this may allow images to cover text).</li></ul> </td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align:top;"> <td> <pre>Example: {| align=right |- | [[File:wiki.png|50 px]] |- | [[File:wiki.png|50 px]] |- | [[File:wiki.png|50 px]] |}</pre> </td> <td> <p>Example: </p> <table align="right"> <tbody><tr> <td> <p><a href="/web/20200413211606/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Wiki.png" class="image"><img alt="Wiki.png" src="//web.archive.org/web/20200413211606im_/https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/bc/Wiki.png/50px-Wiki.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="57" srcset="//web.archive.org/web/20200413211606im_/https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/bc/Wiki.png/75px-Wiki.png 1.5x, //web.archive.org/web/20200413211606im_/https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/bc/Wiki.png/100px-Wiki.png 2x" data-file-width="135" data-file-height="155"/></a> </p> </td></tr> <tr> <td> <p><a href="/web/20200413211606/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Wiki.png" class="image"><img alt="Wiki.png" src="//web.archive.org/web/20200413211606im_/https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/bc/Wiki.png/50px-Wiki.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="57" srcset="//web.archive.org/web/20200413211606im_/https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/bc/Wiki.png/75px-Wiki.png 1.5x, //web.archive.org/web/20200413211606im_/https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/bc/Wiki.png/100px-Wiki.png 2x" data-file-width="135" data-file-height="155"/></a> </p> </td></tr> <tr> <td> <p><a href="/web/20200413211606/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Wiki.png" class="image"><img alt="Wiki.png" src="//web.archive.org/web/20200413211606im_/https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/bc/Wiki.png/50px-Wiki.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="57" srcset="//web.archive.org/web/20200413211606im_/https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/bc/Wiki.png/75px-Wiki.png 1.5x, //web.archive.org/web/20200413211606im_/https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/bc/Wiki.png/100px-Wiki.png 2x" data-file-width="135" data-file-height="155"/></a> </p> </td></tr></tbody></table> </td> <td> <ul><li>Using wiki markup to make a table in which to place a vertical column of images (this helps edit links match headers, especially in Firefox browsers).</li></ul> </td></tr></tbody></table> <h2><span class="mw-headline" id="Tables">Tables</span></h2> <div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main page: <a href="/web/20200413211606/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Help:Table" title="Help:Table">Help:Table</a></div> <p>There are two ways to build tables: </p> <ul><li>In special wiki-markup (see <a href="/web/20200413211606/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Help:Table" title="Help:Table">Help:Table</a>).</li> <li>Using HTML elements: <code class="nowrap" style=""><table></code>, <code class="nowrap" style=""><tr></code>, <code class="nowrap" style=""><td></code> or <code class="nowrap" style=""><th></code>.</li></ul> <p>See also <a href="/web/20200413211606/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Tables#Appropriate" title="Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Tables">When tables are appropriate</a>. </p> <h2><span class="mw-headline" id="Columns">Columns</span></h2> <div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main page: <a href="/web/20200413211606/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Help:Columns" title="Help:Columns">Help:Columns</a></div> <p>Use {{<a href="/web/20200413211606/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Template:Colbegin" class="mw-redirect" title="Template:Colbegin">colbegin</a>}} and {{<a href="/web/20200413211606/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Template:Colend" class="mw-redirect" title="Template:Colend">colend</a>}} to produce columns. </p> <h2><span class="mw-headline" id="References_and_citing_sources">References and citing sources</span></h2> <div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main pages: <a href="/web/20200413211606/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Citing_sources" title="Wikipedia:Citing sources">Wikipedia:Citing sources</a> and <a href="/web/20200413211606/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Help:Footnotes" title="Help:Footnotes">Help:Footnotes</a></div> <div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/web/20200413211606/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/APA_style" title="APA style">APA style</a>, <a href="/web/20200413211606/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Chicago_Manual_of_Style" title="The Chicago Manual of Style">Chicago style</a>, <a href="/web/20200413211606/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Harvard_style" class="mw-redirect" title="Harvard style">Harvard style</a>, and <a href="/web/20200413211606/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/MLA_style" class="mw-redirect" title="MLA style">MLA style</a></div> <p>Making a reference citing a printed or online source can be accomplished by using the <code class="nowrap" style=""><ref>...</ref></code> tags. Inside these tags details about the reference are added. </p><p>Details about the citation can be provided using a structure provided by various templates; the table below lists some typical citation components. </p> <table class="wikitable"> <tbody><tr> <th>What it's for</th> <th>What you type </th></tr> <tr> <td><span class="nowrap">To create the reference</span></td> <td><code class="nowrap" style=""><ref name="name for reference">Use a closing tag</ref></code> </td></tr> <tr> <td>To cite a book</td> <td><code>{{<a href="/web/20200413211606/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Template:Cite_book" title="Template:Cite book">cite book</a>}}</code> </td></tr> <tr> <td>To cite a web source</td> <td><code>{{<a href="/web/20200413211606/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Template:Cite_web" title="Template:Cite web">cite web</a>}}</code> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Book ISBN</td> <td><code class="nowrap" style="">|isbn=0-4397-0818-4</code> (ISBN of the book) </td></tr> <tr> <td>Web URL</td> <td><code class="nowrap" style="">|url=http://www.wikipedia.org</code> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Title</td> <td><code class="nowrap" style="">|title=title of source</code> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Author</td> <td><code class="nowrap" style="">|author=authors, use commas for multiple</code> </td></tr> <tr> <td>First name</td> <td><code class="nowrap" style="">|first=first name</code> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Last name</td> <td><code class="nowrap" style="">|last=last name</code> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Location</td> <td><code class="nowrap" style="">|location=location of publisher</code> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Publisher</td> <td><code class="nowrap" style="">|publisher=who published the source</code> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Date</td> <td><code class="nowrap" style="">|date=2007-09-21</code> (date of source) </td></tr> <tr> <td>Year</td> <td><code class="nowrap" style="">|year=year of source</code> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Accessed date</td> <td><code class="nowrap" style="">|accessdate=2008-12-25</code> (only if url= is included) </td></tr> <tr> <td>A complete reference tag</td> <td><code class="nowrap" style=""><ref name="WikiMarkup"></code><code>{{cite web |url=http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Help:Wiki_markup |title=Help:Wiki markup |publisher=Wikimedia Foundation}}</code><code class="nowrap" style=""></ref></code> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Referencing this again</td> <td><code class="nowrap" style=""><ref name="WikiMarkup" /></code> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Citation needed</td> <td><code>{{<a href="/web/20200413211606/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Template:Citation_needed" title="Template:Citation needed">Citation needed</a>|{{<a href="/web/20200413211606/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Help:Substitution" title="Help:Substitution">subst</a>:<a href="/web/20200413211606/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Template:DATE" title="Template:DATE">DATE</a>}}}}</code> </td></tr></tbody></table> <h2><span class="mw-headline" id="Templates_and_transcluding_pages">Templates and transcluding pages</span></h2> <div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main page: <a href="/web/20200413211606/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Transclusion" title="Wikipedia:Transclusion">Wikipedia:Transclusion</a></div> <div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/web/20200413211606/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Help:Template#Noinclude,_includeonly,_and_onlyinclude" title="Help:Template">Help:Template § Noinclude, includeonly, and onlyinclude</a></div> <p>Examples for templates: {{pad|...}}, {{math|...}}, {{as of|...}}, {{edit}} </p><p><b><a href="/web/20200413211606/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Help:Template" title="Help:Template">Templates</a></b> are segments of wiki markup that are meant to be copied automatically ("transcluded") into a page. You add them by putting the template's name in {{double braces}}. It is also possible to transclude other pages by using {{:colon and double braces}}. </p><p>There are three pairs of <a href="/web/20200413211606/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Html_element" class="mw-redirect" title="Html element">tags</a> that can be used in <a href="/web/20200413211606/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikitext" class="mw-redirect" title="Wikitext">wikitext</a> to control how transclusion affects parts of a template or article. They determine whether or not wikitext renders, either in its own article, which we will call "<b>here</b>", or in another article where it is transcluded, which we will call "<b>there</b>". </p> <ul><li><b><noinclude>: </b> the content <b>will not be rendered <i>there</i></b>. These tags have no effect <i>here</i>.</li> <li><b><includeonly>: </b> the content <b>will render only <i>there</i></b>, and <b>will not render <i>here</i></b> (like <a href="/web/20200413211606/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Invisible_ink" title="Invisible ink">invisible ink</a> made visible by means of transclusion).</li> <li><b><onlyinclude>: </b> the content <b>will render <i>here</i></b> and <b>will render <i>there</i></b>, but it will only render <i>there</i> what is between these tags.</li></ul> <p>There can be several such section "<a href="/web/20200413211606/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/HTML#Elements" title="HTML">elements</a>". Also, they can be nested. All possible renderings are achievable. For example, to render <i>there</i> one or more sections of the page <i>here</i> use <b><onlyinclude></b> tags. To append text <i>there</i>, wrap the addition in <b><includeonly></b> tags before, within, or after the section. To omit portions of the section, nest <b><noinclude></b> tags within it. </p><p>If a page is transcluded without transclusion markup, it may cause an unintentional <a href="/web/20200413211606/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Help:Category#Putting_pages_in_categories" title="Help:Category">categorization</a>. Any page transcluding it will contain the same category as the original page. Wrap the category markup with <b><noinclude></b> tags to prevent incorrect categorization. <span id="hovertext"></span> Some templates take <i>parameters</i>, as well, which you separate with the pipe character <code>|</code>. </p> <table class="wikitable"> <tbody><tr> <th width="500">What you type </th> <th width="1000">What it looks like </th></tr> <tr> <td> <pre>{{Transclusion demo}}</pre> </td> <td> <div style="border: 1pt dashed blue; background : grey; padding: 1em 1em;"> <p>This text comes from the page named <a href="/web/20200413211606/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Template:Transclusion_demo" title="Template:Transclusion demo">Template:Transclusion demo</a>. It has been transcluded into this page. </p> </div> </td></tr> <tr> <td> <pre>{{Help:Transclusion demo}}</pre> </td> <td> <p><i>This transclusion demo is a little bit of text from the page <a href="/web/20200413211606/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Help:Transclusion_demo" title="Help:Transclusion demo">Help:Transclusion demo</a> to be included into any file.</i> </p> </td></tr> <tr> <td> <pre>This template takes two parameters, and creates underlined text with a hover box for many modern browsers supporting CSS: {{H:title|This is the hover text| Hover your mouse over this text}} Go to this page to see the H:title template itself: {{tl|H:title}} </pre> </td> <td> <p>This template takes two parameters, and creates underlined text with a hover box for many modern browsers supporting CSS: </p><p><span title="This is the hover text" class="rt-commentedText" style="border-bottom:1px dotted"> Hover your mouse over this text</span> </p><p>Go to this page to see the H:title template itself: {{<a href="/web/20200413211606/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Template:H:title" class="mw-redirect" title="Template:H:title">H:title</a>}} </p> </td></tr></tbody></table> <h2><span class="mw-headline" id="Talk_and_project_pages">Talk and project pages</span></h2> <p>These are likely to be helpful on <a href="/web/20200413211606/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Help:Using_talk_pages" class="mw-redirect" title="Help:Using talk pages">talk</a> and <a href="/web/20200413211606/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Project_namespace" title="Wikipedia:Project namespace">project pages</a>. </p> <h3><span class="mw-headline" id="Signing_comments">Signing comments</span></h3> <ul><li>The <i><a href="/web/20200413211606/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tilde" title="Tilde">tilde</a></i> character (~) is used when signing a comment on a talk page. Your username provides a link to your <a href="/web/20200413211606/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:User_page" class="mw-redirect" title="Wikipedia:User page">user page</a>.</li></ul> <table class="wikitable"> <tbody><tr> <th>Description </th> <th>What you type </th> <th>What it looks like </th></tr> <tr> <td> <p><i>You should sign your comments by appending four tildes to the comment, which adds your user name plus date/time.</i> </p> </td> <td> <p><code>~~~~</code> </p> </td> <td> <p><a href="/web/20200413211606/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:MyPage" title="Special:MyPage">Username</a> (<a href="/web/20200413211606/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:MyTalk" title="Special:MyTalk">talk</a>) 20:56, 13 April 2020 (UTC) </p> </td></tr> <tr> <td> <p><i>Adding three tildes will add just your user name.</i> </p> </td> <td> <p><code>~~~</code> </p> </td> <td> <p><a href="/web/20200413211606/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:MyPage" title="Special:MyPage">Username</a> (<a href="/web/20200413211606/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:MyTalk" title="Special:MyTalk">talk</a>) </p> </td></tr> <tr> <td> <p><i>Adding five tildes gives the date/time alone.</i> </p> </td> <td> <p><code>~~~~~</code> </p> </td> <td> <p>20:56, 13 April 2020 (UTC) </p> </td></tr></tbody></table> <h3><span id="Linking_to_old_revisions_of_pages.2C_diffs.2C_and_specific_history_pages"></span><span class="mw-headline" id="Linking_to_old_revisions_of_pages,_diffs,_and_specific_history_pages">Linking to old revisions of pages, diffs, and specific history pages</span></h3> <ul><li>The external link function is mainly used for these. Open an old revision or diff, and copy the <a href="/web/20200413211606/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/URL" title="URL">URL</a> from the address bar, pasting it where you want it.</li></ul> <table class="wikitable"> <tbody><tr> <th>What you type </th> <th>What it looks like </th></tr> <tr> <td> <p><code>[//en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Help:Wiki_markup&diff=330350877&oldid=330349143 Diff between revisions 330349143 and 330350877]</code> </p> </td> <td> <p><a class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200413211606/https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Help:Wiki_markup&diff=330350877&oldid=330349143">Diff between revisions 330349143 and 330350877</a> </p> </td></tr></tbody></table> <ul><li>You can also use an <a href="/web/20200413211606/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Help:Diff#Internal_links" title="Help:Diff">internal diff link</a>. <b>Unlike the template {{<a href="/web/20200413211606/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Template:Diff" title="Template:Diff">diff</a>}}, this kind of link can even be used in edit summaries.</b></li></ul> <table class="wikitable"> <tbody><tr> <th>What you type </th> <th>What it looks like </th></tr> <tr> <td> <p><code>[[Special:Diff/330349143/330350877|Diff between revisions 330349143 and 330350877]]</code> </p> </td> <td> <p><a href="/web/20200413211606/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:Diff/330349143/330350877" title="Special:Diff/330349143/330350877">Diff between revisions 330349143 and 330350877</a> </p> </td></tr></tbody></table> <ul><li>If the diff intended to be shown is between an immediately previous revision, the first parameter can be dropped.</li></ul> <table class="wikitable"> <tbody><tr> <th>What you type </th> <th>What it looks like </th></tr> <tr> <td> <p><code>[[Special:Diff/330350877|Diff between revisions 330349143 and 330350877]]</code> </p> </td> <td> <p><a href="/web/20200413211606/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:Diff/330350877" title="Special:Diff/330350877">Diff between revisions 330349143 and 330350877</a> </p> </td></tr></tbody></table> <ul><li>For an old revision, you can also use a <a href="/web/20200413211606/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Help:Permanent_link" title="Help:Permanent link">permalink</a>. Though here only the main text is guaranteed to be retained (images and templates will be shown as they are today, not as they were at the time).</li></ul> <table class="wikitable"> <tbody><tr> <th>What you type </th> <th>What it looks like </th></tr> <tr> <td> <p><code>[[Special:Permalink/330350877|Revision 330350877]]</code> </p> </td> <td> <p><a href="/web/20200413211606/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:PermanentLink/330350877" title="Special:PermanentLink/330350877">Revision 330350877</a> </p> </td></tr></tbody></table> <h3><span id="What_links_here.2C_and_recent_changes_linked"></span><span class="mw-headline" id="What_links_here,_and_recent_changes_linked">What links here, and recent changes linked</span></h3> <ul><li>The following markup can be used. For example, for the article <a href="/web/20200413211606/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Beetroot" title="Beetroot">Beetroot</a>:</li></ul> <table class="wikitable"> <tbody><tr> <th>What you type </th> <th>What it looks like </th></tr> <tr> <td> <p><code>[[Special:WhatLinksHere/Beetroot]]</code> </p> </td> <td> <p><a href="/web/20200413211606/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:WhatLinksHere/Beetroot" title="Special:WhatLinksHere/Beetroot">Special:WhatLinksHere/Beetroot</a> </p> </td></tr> <tr> <td> <p><code>[[Special:RecentChangesLinked/Beetroot]]</code> </p> </td> <td> <p><a href="/web/20200413211606/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:RecentChangesLinked/Beetroot" title="Special:RecentChangesLinked/Beetroot">Special:RecentChangesLinked/Beetroot</a> </p> </td></tr></tbody></table> <h3><span class="mw-headline" id="User_edits">User edits</span></h3> <ul><li>Link to a user's <a href="/web/20200413211606/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Help:User_contributions" title="Help:User contributions">contributions page</a>.</li></ul> <table class="wikitable"> <tbody><tr> <th>Description </th> <th>What you type </th> <th>What it looks like </th></tr> <tr> <td><i>Username (registered users).</i> </td> <td><code>[[Special:Contributions/UserName]]</code> </td> <td><a href="/web/20200413211606/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:Contributions/UserName" title="Special:Contributions/UserName">Special:Contributions/UserName</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><i><a href="/web/20200413211606/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/IPv4" title="IPv4">IPv4</a> address (unregistered users).</i> </td> <td><code>[[Special:Contributions/192.0.2.0]]</code> </td> <td><a href="/web/20200413211606/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:Contributions/192.0.2.0" title="Special:Contributions/192.0.2.0">Special:Contributions/192.0.2.0</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><i><a href="/web/20200413211606/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/IPv6" title="IPv6">IPv6</a> address (unregistered users).</i> </td> <td><code>[[Special:Contributions/2001:0db8:0000:0000:0000:ff00:0042:8329]]</code> </td> <td><a href="/web/20200413211606/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:Contributions/2001:0db8:0000:0000:0000:ff00:0042:8329" title="Special:Contributions/2001:0db8:0000:0000:0000:ff00:0042:8329">Special:Contributions/2001:0db8:0000:0000:0000:ff00:0042:8329</a> </td></tr></tbody></table> <h3><span class="mw-headline" id="Coloring_and_highlighting_text">Coloring and highlighting text</span></h3> <ul><li>Using the {{<a href="/web/20200413211606/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Template:Color" title="Template:Color">Color</a>}} and {{<a href="/web/20200413211606/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Template:Font_color" title="Template:Font color">Font color</a>}} templates:</li></ul> <table class="wikitable"> <tbody><tr> <th>What you type </th> <th>What it looks like </th></tr> <tr> <td> <p><code>I will change the color in {{color|blue|the middle part of}} this sentence.</code> </p> </td> <td> <p>I will change the color in <span style="color:blue">the middle part of</span> this sentence. </p> </td></tr> <tr> <td> <p><code>This is how to {{Font color||yellow|highlight part of a sentence}}.</code> </p> </td> <td> <p>This is how to <span style="background-color:yellow; color:;">highlight part of a sentence</span>. </p> </td></tr></tbody></table> <h3><span class="mw-headline" id="Example_text">Example text</span></h3> <p>The <code>{{<a href="/web/20200413211606/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Template:Xt" title="Template:Xt">xt</a>}}</code> family of templates can be used on help pages and user pages to highlight e<b>x</b>ample tex<b>t</b>. </p><p><span class="example deprecated-content example-bad example-bold" style="font-weight: bold; color: #8B0000;">It does not work in mainspace, that is articles. </span> </p> <table class="wikitable"> <tbody><tr> <th>What you type </th> <th>What you get </th></tr> <tr> <td><kbd>This is an {{<b>xt</b>|A correct example}} for comparison {{tick}}</kbd> </td> <td>This is an <span class="example" style="font-family: Georgia, 'DejaVu Serif', serif; color: #006400;">A correct example</span> for comparison <img alt="☑" src="//web.archive.org/web/20200413211606im_/https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/fb/Yes_check.svg/20px-Yes_check.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="20" srcset="//web.archive.org/web/20200413211606im_/https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/fb/Yes_check.svg/30px-Yes_check.svg.png 1.5x, //web.archive.org/web/20200413211606im_/https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/fb/Yes_check.svg/40px-Yes_check.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="600"/><span style="display:none">Y</span> </td></tr> <tr> <td><kbd>this is an {{<b>!xt</b>|An incorrect example}} for example {{cross}}</kbd> </td> <td>this is an <span class="example deprecated-content example-bad" style="font-family: Georgia, 'DejaVu Serif', serif; color: #8B0000;">An incorrect example</span> for example <img alt="☒" src="//web.archive.org/web/20200413211606im_/https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a2/X_mark.svg/20px-X_mark.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="23" srcset="//web.archive.org/web/20200413211606im_/https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a2/X_mark.svg/30px-X_mark.svg.png 1.5x, //web.archive.org/web/20200413211606im_/https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a2/X_mark.svg/40px-X_mark.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="525" data-file-height="600"/><span style="display:none">N</span> </td></tr> <tr> <td><kbd>this is an {{<b>mxt</b>|In monospace}} for comparison</kbd> </td> <td>this is an <span class="example monospaced example-mono" style="font-family: monospace, monospace; color: #006400;">In monospace</span> for comparison </td></tr> <tr> <td><kbd>this is an {{<b>!mxt</b>|In monospace}} for comparison</kbd> </td> <td>this is an <span class="example deprecated-content example-bad monospaced example-mono" style="font-family: monospace, monospace; color: #8B0000;">In monospace</span> for comparison </td></tr> <tr> <td><kbd>this is an {{<b>bxt</b>|in bold}} for comparison</kbd> </td> <td>this is an <span class="example example-bold" style="font-weight: bold; color: #006400;">In bold</span> for comparison </td></tr> <tr> <td><kbd>this is an {{<b>!bxt</b>|In bold}} for comparison</kbd> </td> <td>this is an <span class="example deprecated-content example-bad example-bold" style="font-weight: bold; color: #8B0000;">In bold</span> for comparison </td></tr></tbody></table> <h3><span class="mw-headline" id="Show_deleted_or_inserted_text">Show deleted or inserted text</span></h3> <div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Further information: <a href="/web/20200413211606/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Talk_page_guidelines" title="Wikipedia:Talk page guidelines">Wikipedia:Talk page guidelines</a></div> <ul><li>When editing your own previous remarks in talk pages, it is sometimes appropriate to mark up deleted or inserted content: <ul><li>It is best to indicate deleted content using the strike-through markup <code class="nowrap" style=""><s>...</s></code>.</li> <li>It is best to indicate inserted content using the underline markup <code class="nowrap" style=""><u>...</u></code>.</li></ul></li> <li>When editing regular Wikipedia articles, just make your changes, and do not mark them up in any special way. However, when the article itself discusses deleted or inserted content, such as an amendment to a statute: <ul><li>It is best to indicate deleted content using the strike-through markup <code class="nowrap" style=""><del>...</del></code>.</li> <li>It is best to indicate inserted content using the underline markup <code class="nowrap" style=""><ins>...</ins></code>.</li></ul></li></ul> <p>Note: <code class="nowrap" style=""><s></s></code> and <code class="nowrap" style=""><u></u></code> (speced in HTML 3 & 4) are considerably more popular than <code class="nowrap" style=""><del></del></code> and <code class="nowrap" style=""><ins></ins></code> (speced in HTML 5) on Wikipedia. </p> <table class="wikitable"> <tbody><tr> <th>What you type </th> <th>What it looks like </th></tr> <tr> <td> <p><code>You can <del>strike out deleted material</del> and <ins>underline new material</ins>.</code> </p> </td> <td> <p>You can <del>strike out deleted material</del> and <ins>underline new material</ins>. </p> </td></tr> <tr> <td> <p>Alternative markup: </p><p><code>You can <s>strike out deleted material</s> and <u>underline new material</u>.</code> </p> </td> <td> <p><br/> </p><p>You can <s>strike out deleted material</s> and <u>underline new material</u>. </p> </td></tr></tbody></table> <h3><span class="mw-headline" id="Strike_through">Strike through</span></h3> <p><span id="Strikethrough"></span> This is also possible with the <code>{{<a href="/web/20200413211606/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Template:Strike" class="mw-redirect" title="Template:Strike">strike</a>}}</code>} template. </p> <table class="wikitable"> <tbody><tr> <th>What you type </th> <th>What you get </th></tr> <tr> <td><kbd>This is {{<b>strike</b>|a misplaced bit of text}} for comparison</kbd> </td> <td>This is <s>a misplaced bit of text</s> for comparison </td></tr></tbody></table> <h2><span id="Limiting_formatting_.2F_escaping_wiki_markup"></span><span class="mw-headline" id="Limiting_formatting_/_escaping_wiki_markup"><span id="Limiting_formatting"></span> Limiting formatting / escaping wiki markup</span></h2> <p>A few different kinds of formatting will tell the wiki to display things as you typed them – what you see is what you get! </p> <table class="wikitable" style="margin-right:0em;"> <tbody><tr> <th>What you type </th> <th>What it looks like </th></tr> <tr> <td> <pre>'''&lt;nowiki&gt; tag:''' <nowiki> The <nowiki> tag ignores [[wiki]] ''markup''. It reformats text by removing newlines and multiple spaces. It still interprets characters specified by &name;: &rarr; </nowiki></pre> </td> <td> <p><b><nowiki> tag:</b> </p><p> The <nowiki> tag ignores [[wiki]] ''markup''. It reformats text by removing newlines and multiple spaces. It still interprets characters specified by &name;: → </p> </td></tr> <tr> <td> <pre>'''&lt;pre&gt; tag:''' <pre>The <pre> tag ignores [[wiki]] ''markup'' as does the <nowiki> tag. Additionally, <pre> displays in a mono-spaced font, and does not reformat text spaces. It still interprets special characters: &rarr; </pre></pre> </td> <td> <p><b><pre> tag:</b> </p> <pre>The <pre> tag ignores [[wiki]] ''markup'' as does the <nowiki> tag. Additionally, <pre> displays in a mono-spaced font, and does not reformat text spaces. It still interprets special characters: →</pre> </td></tr> <tr> <td> <pre>'''[Text without a URL]:''' Single square brackets holding [text without a HTTP URL] are preserved, but single square brackets containing a URL are treated as being an external [http://example.com/ Web link].</pre> </td> <td> <p><b>[Text without a URL]:</b> </p><p>Single square brackets holding [text without a HTTP URL] are preserved, but single square brackets containing a URL are treated as being an external <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200413211606/http://example.com/">Web link</a>. </p> </td></tr> <tr> <td> <div class="mw-highlight mw-highlight-lang-moin mw-content-ltr" dir="ltr"><pre><span></span><span class="c">'''</span>Leading space:<span class="c">'''</span> Leading spaces are another way to preserve formatting. Putting a space at the beginning of each line stops the text from being reformatted. It still interprets <span class="k">[[wiki]]</span> <span class="c">''</span>markup<span class="c">''</span> and special characters: &amp;rarr; </pre></div> </td> <td> <p><b>Leading space:</b> </p><p>Leading spaces are another way to preserve formatting. </p> <pre>Putting a space at the beginning of each line stops the text from being reformatted. It still interprets <a href="/web/20200413211606/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wiki" title="Wiki">wiki</a> <i>markup</i> and special characters: → </pre> </td></tr></tbody></table> <h3><span class="mw-headline" id="Nowiki">Nowiki</span></h3> <div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">"WP:NOWIKI" redirects here. You may be looking for <a href="/web/20200413211606/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Don%27t_abbreviate_%22Wikipedia%22_as_%22Wiki%22!" title="Wikipedia:Don't abbreviate "Wikipedia" as "Wiki"!">Wikipedia:Don't abbreviate "Wikipedia" as "Wiki"!</a>.</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r911143475"/><div class="module-shortcutanchordiv"><span id="H:NOWIKI"></span><span id="WP:NOWIKI"></span></div><div class="module-shortcutboxplain plainlist noprint" role="note"><div class="module-shortcutlist"><a href="/web/20200413211606/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Shortcut" title="Wikipedia:Shortcut">Shortcuts</a></div><ul><li><span class="plainlinks"><a class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200413211606/https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=H:NOWIKI&redirect=no">H:NOWIKI</a></span></li><li><span class="plainlinks"><a class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200413211606/https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Wikipedia:NOWIKI&redirect=no">WP:NOWIKI</a></span></li></ul></div> <p><span id="NOWIKI"></span> </p><p>In order for the software to interpret wiki markup, its parser first scans the page. When it sees its nowiki tags </p> <dl><dd><code class="nowrap" style=""><nowiki>...</nowiki></code> (<a href="/web/20200413211606/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Escape_character" title="Escape character">escapes</a> all contained wiki markup), and</dd> <dd><code class="nowrap" style=""><nowiki /></code> (escapes the interpretations it is designed to "break"),</dd></dl> <p>it escapes its wikicode, so editors can document its markup <i>using</i> its markup. </p><p>Article editors can normalize the font of characters trailing <code>[[...]]outside</code> a wikilink, which would otherwise adhere to the wikilink font. They can also add line-spacing in the wikitext. Template editors: tag <code class="nowrap" style=""><nowiki></code> works only on its source page, not the target; also <code>{{#tag:nowiki | <i>content</i>}}</code>, although it wraps that content in nowiki tags, it also does a <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200413211606/https://www.mediawiki.org/wiki/Manual:Tag_extensions#How_do_I_render_wikitext_in_my_extension?" class="extiw" title="mw:Manual:Tag extensions">pre-save transform</a> on that content, which is entirely at odds with the intended purpose of nowiki for templates, subst, signatures, and the pipe-trick. </p><p>The two kinds of nowiki operate in different ways to target content, but they both remove meaning (subtract rendering) of wiki markup, then disappear into the background font. Nowiki does nothing toward rendering, but it can add newlines to wikitext (for readability), just like the HTML comment (the preferred method) can. Unlike wiki markup, nowiki does not remove the meaning of <i>character entities</i>, either <a href="/web/20200413211606/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/HTML_character_entities" class="mw-redirect" title="HTML character entities">HTML</a> or MediaWiki <a href="#Special_characters">special <i>characters</i></a>. </p><p>There is only one meaning for what <code class="nowrap" style=""><nowiki>...</nowiki></code> contains, so it needs few examples; but the singular <code class="nowrap" style=""><nowiki /></code> tag "contains" <i>many</i> linkage structures, where it is expected between bracketing-pair characters or in the keyword area. So this section has <i>many</i> examples and few mis-examples. </p><p>For example, only at the beginning of a line (bol of wikitext, bol in a transclusion, or beginning of a table cell), do <code class="mw-highlight mw-highlight-lang-text" id="" style="" dir="ltr">*</code>, <code class="mw-highlight mw-highlight-lang-text" id="" style="" dir="ltr">#</code>, <code class="mw-highlight mw-highlight-lang-text" id="" style="" dir="ltr">;</code> or <code class="mw-highlight mw-highlight-lang-text" id="" style="" dir="ltr">:</code> mean something. </p> <table style="table-layout:fixed; width:100%; margin-top:0;margin-left:0; border-width:medium; padding:0;"> <tbody><tr> <th scope="col" style="width:50%;">Markup</th> <th scope="col" style="width:50%;">Renders as  </th></tr> <tr> <td style="width:50%; background:#f9f9f9; border-width:1px;border-style:solid none none solid;border-color:#ddd; padding:9px 5px 5px; vertical-align:top;"><pre style="margin:0;border:none;padding:0; word-wrap:break-word; white-space:-moz-pre-wrap;white-space:-o-pre-wrap;white-space:-pre-wrap;white-space:pre-wrap; "># Ordered list</pre> </td> <td style="width:50%; background:#f9f9f9; border-width:1px;border-style:solid solid none solid;border-color:#ddd; padding:5px; vertical-align:top;"><div style=""> <p>
 </p> <ol><li>Ordered list</li></ol> </div>  </td></tr> <tr> <td style="width:50%; background:#f9f9f9; border-width:1px;border-style:solid none none solid;border-color:#ddd; padding:9px 5px 5px; vertical-align:top;"><pre style="margin:0;border:none;padding:0; word-wrap:break-word; white-space:-moz-pre-wrap;white-space:-o-pre-wrap;white-space:-pre-wrap;white-space:pre-wrap; "><nowiki /># Ordered list</pre> </td> <td style="width:50%; background:#f9f9f9; border-width:1px;border-style:solid solid none solid;border-color:#ddd; padding:5px; vertical-align:top;"><div style=""> <p>
 # Ordered list </p> </div>  </td></tr> <tr> <td style="width:50%; background:#f9f9f9; border-width:1px;border-style:solid none none solid;border-color:#ddd; padding:9px 5px 5px; vertical-align:top;"><pre style="margin:0;border:none;padding:0; word-wrap:break-word; white-space:-moz-pre-wrap;white-space:-o-pre-wrap;white-space:-pre-wrap;white-space:pre-wrap; ">A [[micro-]]second.</pre> </td> <td style="width:50%; background:#f9f9f9; border-width:1px;border-style:solid solid none solid;border-color:#ddd; padding:5px; vertical-align:top;"><div style=""> <p>A <a href="/web/20200413211606/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Micro-" title="Micro-">micro-second</a>. </p> </div>  </td></tr> <tr> <td style="width:50%; background:#f9f9f9; border-width:1px;border-style:solid none none solid;border-color:#ddd; padding:9px 5px 5px; vertical-align:top;"><pre style="margin:0;border:none;padding:0; word-wrap:break-word; white-space:-moz-pre-wrap;white-space:-o-pre-wrap;white-space:-pre-wrap;white-space:pre-wrap; ">A [[micro-]]<nowiki />second.</pre> </td> <td style="width:50%; background:#f9f9f9; border-width:1px;border-style:solid solid none solid;border-color:#ddd; padding:5px; vertical-align:top;"><div style=""> <p>A <a href="/web/20200413211606/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Micro-" title="Micro-">micro-</a>second. </p> </div>  </td></tr> <tr> <td style="width:50%; background:#f9f9f9; border-width:1px;border-style:solid none none solid;border-color:#ddd; padding:9px 5px 5px; vertical-align:top;"><pre style="margin:0;border:none;padding:0; word-wrap:break-word; white-space:-moz-pre-wrap;white-space:-o-pre-wrap;white-space:-pre-wrap;white-space:pre-wrap; ">a<nowiki> b</nowiki></pre> </td> <td style="width:50%; background:#f9f9f9; border-width:1px;border-style:solid solid none solid;border-color:#ddd; padding:5px; vertical-align:top;"><div style=""> <p>a b </p> </div>  </td></tr> <tr> <td style="width:50%; background:#f9f9f9; border-width:1px;border-style:solid none none solid;border-color:#ddd; padding:9px 5px 5px; vertical-align:top;"><pre style="margin:0;border:none;padding:0; word-wrap:break-word; white-space:-moz-pre-wrap;white-space:-o-pre-wrap;white-space:-pre-wrap;white-space:pre-wrap; ">'<nowiki />'Italics' markup'<nowiki />'</pre> </td> <td style="width:50%; background:#f9f9f9; border-width:1px;border-style:solid solid none solid;border-color:#ddd; padding:5px; vertical-align:top;"><div style=""> <p>''Italics' markup'' </p> </div>  </td></tr> <tr> <td style="width:50%; background:#f9f9f9; border-width:1px;border-style:solid none none solid;border-color:#ddd; padding:9px 5px 5px; vertical-align:top;"><pre style="margin:0;border:none;padding:0; word-wrap:break-word; white-space:-moz-pre-wrap;white-space:-o-pre-wrap;white-space:-pre-wrap;white-space:pre-wrap; "><nowiki>[[Example]]</nowiki></pre> </td> <td style="width:50%; background:#f9f9f9; border-width:1px;border-style:solid solid none solid;border-color:#ddd; padding:5px; vertical-align:top;"><div style=""> <p>[[Example]] </p> </div>  </td></tr> <tr> <td style="width:50%; background:#f9f9f9; border-width:1px;border-style:solid none none solid;border-color:#ddd; padding:9px 5px 5px; vertical-align:top;"><pre style="margin:0;border:none;padding:0; word-wrap:break-word; white-space:-moz-pre-wrap;white-space:-o-pre-wrap;white-space:-pre-wrap;white-space:pre-wrap; "><nowiki></nowiki></pre> </td> <td style="width:50%; background:#f9f9f9; border-width:1px;border-style:solid solid none solid;border-color:#ddd; padding:5px; vertical-align:top;"><div style=""> <p>  </p> </div> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="width:50%; border-width:1px;border-style:solid none none none;border-color:#ddd; padding:5px; vertical-align:top;"> </td> <td style="width:50%; border-width:1px;border-style:solid none none none;border-color:#ddd; padding:5px; vertical-align:top;"> </td></tr></tbody></table> <p>The rest of the section consists of simple, live examples showing how a single nowiki tag escapes entire linkage structures, beyond [[ wikilink ]] and {{ template }}: </p> <dl><dd>[[ <i><a href="/web/20200413211606/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Fullpagename" class="mw-redirect" title="Wikipedia:Fullpagename">fullpagename</a></i> | <i>label</i> ]]</dd> <dd>{{ <i>pagename</i> | <i>parameter</i> }}</dd> <dd>[[<i>fullpagename</i> | {{ <i>pagename</i> }} ]]</dd> <dd>{{ <i>pagename</i> | [[ <i>fullpagename</i> ]] }}</dd> <dd>{{ <i>pagename</i> | {{ <i>pagename</i> }} }}</dd></dl> <p>Unless you use the two "balanced" nowiki tags, troubleshooting <a href="/web/20200413211606/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Help:Strip_markers" title="Help:Strip markers">strip marker</a> errors and template parameter-handling inconsistencies is a risk. Also, a rendering error may arise when two <kbd>[[...]]</kbd> square brackets are on the same line, or two <kbd>{{...}}</kbd> curly brackets are in the same section, but only when the two have the nowiki markup placed inconsistently. </p> <h4><span class="mw-headline" id="Displaying_wikilinks">Displaying wikilinks</span></h4> <p>(These are all live examples.) </p> <pre>[[ wp:pagename | page name ]] [<nowiki />[ wp:pagename | page name ]] [[<nowiki /> wp:pagename | page name ]] [[ wp:pagename <nowiki />| page name ]] [[ wp:pagename | page name ]<nowiki />]</pre> <div class="poem"> <p><span class="mw-poem-indented" style="display: inline-block; margin-left: 1em;"><a href="/web/20200413211606/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Pagename" class="mw-redirect" title="Wikipedia:Pagename"> page name </a></span><br/> <span class="mw-poem-indented" style="display: inline-block; margin-left: 1em;">[[ wp:pagename | page name ]]</span><br/> <span class="mw-poem-indented" style="display: inline-block; margin-left: 1em;">[[ wp:pagename | page name ]]</span><br/> <span class="mw-poem-indented" style="display: inline-block; margin-left: 1em;">[[ wp:pagename | page name ]]</span><br/> <span class="mw-poem-indented" style="display: inline-block; margin-left: 1em;">[[wp:pagename | page name ]] </span> </p> </div> <p>For <b>nested structures</b>, escaping an inner structure escapes its outer structure too. </p> <pre>[[ wp: {{ 1x | pagename }} ]] [[ wp: {<nowiki />{ 1x | pagename }} ]] [[ wp: {{<nowiki /> 1x | pagename }} ]] [[ wp: {{ 1x <nowiki />| pagename }} ]]</pre> <div class="poem"> <p><span class="mw-poem-indented" style="display: inline-block; margin-left: 1em;"><a href="/web/20200413211606/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Pagename" class="mw-redirect" title="Wikipedia:Pagename">wp: pagename </a></span><br/> <span class="mw-poem-indented" style="display: inline-block; margin-left: 1em;">[[ wp: {{ 1x | pagename }} ]]</span><br/> <span class="mw-poem-indented" style="display: inline-block; margin-left: 1em;">[[ wp: {{ 1x | pagename }} ]]</span><br/> <span class="mw-poem-indented" style="display: inline-block; margin-left: 1em;">[[ wp: {{ 1x | pagename }} ]]</span> </p> </div> <p>For <b>two, first pipes</b>, two nowiki tags are required: </p> <pre>[[ wp: pagename | {{ 1x | label }} ]] [[ wp: pagename <nowiki />| {{ 1x <nowiki />| label }} ]] <nowiki>[[ wp: pagename | {{ 1x | label }} ]] </nowiki></pre> <div class="poem"> <p><span class="mw-poem-indented" style="display: inline-block; margin-left: 1em;"><a href="/web/20200413211606/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Pagename" class="mw-redirect" title="Wikipedia:Pagename"> label </a></span><br/> <span class="mw-poem-indented" style="display: inline-block; margin-left: 1em;">[[ wp: pagename | {{ 1x | label }} ]]</span><br/> <span class="mw-poem-indented" style="display: inline-block; margin-left: 1em;">[[ wp: pagename | {{ 1x | label }} ]] </span> </p> </div> <h4><span class="mw-headline" id="Displaying_template_calls">Displaying template calls</span></h4> <div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/web/20200413211606/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Template:Tl" title="Template:Tl">Template:tl</a></div> <p>For templates, put nowiki before the first pipe. If a parameter has a wikilink, put it in that, an inmost position. </p> <pre>{<nowiki />{ val | u=&gt; [[ms]] | 49082 }} {{<nowiki /> val | u=&gt; [[ms]] | 49082 }} {{ val <nowiki />| u=&gt; [[ms]] | 49082 }} {{ val | u= > [[ms]] | 49082 }<nowiki />} {{ val | u= > [[ ms ]<nowiki />] | 49082 }} </pre> <div class="poem"> <p><span class="mw-poem-indented" style="display: inline-block; margin-left: 1em;">{{ val | u=> <a href="/web/20200413211606/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ms" class="mw-redirect mw-disambig" title="Ms">ms</a> | 49082 }}</span><br/> <span class="mw-poem-indented" style="display: inline-block; margin-left: 1em;">{{ val | u= > <a href="/web/20200413211606/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ms" class="mw-redirect mw-disambig" title="Ms">ms</a> | 49082 }}</span><br/> <span class="mw-poem-indented" style="display: inline-block; margin-left: 1em;">{{ val | u=> <a href="/web/20200413211606/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ms" class="mw-redirect mw-disambig" title="Ms">ms</a> | 49082 }}</span><br/> <span class="mw-poem-indented" style="display: inline-block; margin-left: 1em;">{{ val | u=> <a href="/web/20200413211606/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ms" class="mw-redirect mw-disambig" title="Ms">ms</a> | 49082 }}</span><br/> <span class="mw-poem-indented" style="display: inline-block; margin-left: 1em;">{{ val | u= > [[ ms ]] | 49082 }} <img alt="Green tick" src="//web.archive.org/web/20200413211606im_/https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/03/Green_check.svg/13px-Green_check.svg.png" decoding="async" width="13" height="13" srcset="//web.archive.org/web/20200413211606im_/https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/03/Green_check.svg/20px-Green_check.svg.png 1.5x, //web.archive.org/web/20200413211606im_/https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/03/Green_check.svg/26px-Green_check.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="600"/><span style="display:none">Y</span></span> </p> </div> <h4><span class="mw-headline" id="Displaying_magic_words">Displaying magic words</span></h4> <div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Further information: <a href="/web/20200413211606/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Help:Magic_words" title="Help:Magic words">Help:Magic words</a> and <a href="/web/20200413211606/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Help:Parser_function" class="mw-redirect" title="Help:Parser function">Help:Parser function</a></div> <p>For input <b>parameters</b>, {{{1}}}, {{{2}}}, just write them out, unless they have a default (which goes behind their pipe): {{<nowiki />{1|default}}} → {{{1|default}}} </p><p>For a <b>parser function</b> nowiki goes between bracketing-pair characters, or anywhere before the : colon. </p> <pre>{{ #ifeq: inYes | inYes | outYes | outNo }} {<nowiki />{ #ifeq: inYes | inYes | outYes | outNo }} {{<nowiki /> #ifeq: inYes | inYes | outYes | outNo }} {{ #ifeq<nowiki />: inYes | inYes | outYes | outNo }} {{ #ifeq: inYes | inYes | outYes | outNo }<nowiki />}</pre> <div class="poem"> <p><span class="mw-poem-indented" style="display: inline-block; margin-left: 1em;">outYes</span><br/> <span class="mw-poem-indented" style="display: inline-block; margin-left: 1em;">{{ #ifeq: inYes | inYes | outYes | outNo }}</span><br/> <span class="mw-poem-indented" style="display: inline-block; margin-left: 1em;">{{ #ifeq: inYes | inYes | outYes | outNo }}</span><br/> <span class="mw-poem-indented" style="display: inline-block; margin-left: 1em;">{{ #ifeq: inYes | inYes | outYes | outNo }} </span><br/> <span class="mw-poem-indented" style="display: inline-block; margin-left: 1em;">{{ #ifeq: inYes | inYes | outYes | outNo }}</span> </p> </div> <p><b>Behavioral switches</b> expect the tag anywhere: </p> <pre> 1. __HIDDENCAT__ 2. __HIDDENCAT<nowiki />__</pre> <dl><dd>1. <br/></dd> <dd>2. __HIDDENCAT__</dd></dl> <h4><span class="mw-headline" id="Displaying_tags">Displaying tags</span></h4> <p><code class="nowrap" style=""><tags></code> do not display; they are just markup. If you want them to, insert <code class="nowrap" style=""><nowiki /></code> after an <code class="mw-highlight mw-highlight-lang-text" id="" style="" dir="ltr"><</code> opening angle bracket; it goes only in the very front. Opening tags and closing tags must be treated separately. </p> <pre><span style=color:blue> Blue </span> <<nowiki />span style=color:blue> Blue <<nowiki />/span> <section end=la<nowiki />bel /> </pre> <div class="poem"> <p><span class="mw-poem-indented" style="display: inline-block; margin-left: 1em;"><span style="color:blue"> Blue </span></span><br/> <span class="mw-poem-indented" style="display: inline-block; margin-left: 1em;"><span style=color:blue> Blue </span></span><br/> <span class="mw-poem-indented" style="display: inline-block; margin-left: 1em;">bel /> <img alt="☒" src="//web.archive.org/web/20200413211606im_/https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a2/X_mark.svg/20px-X_mark.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="23" srcset="//web.archive.org/web/20200413211606im_/https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a2/X_mark.svg/30px-X_mark.svg.png 1.5x, //web.archive.org/web/20200413211606im_/https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a2/X_mark.svg/40px-X_mark.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="525" data-file-height="600"/><span style="display:none">N</span></span> </p> </div> <p>Use template {{<a href="/web/20200413211606/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Template:Tag" title="Template:Tag">tag</a>}} instead of nowiki tags to display parser tags: </p><p><b>Character entities</b>, nowiki cannot escape. To escape HTML or special character entities, replace <code>&</code> with <code>&amp;</code>. For example, <code>&amp;lt;</code> → <code>&lt;</code> </p><p>To <b>display a nowiki tag</b>, you can (1) use {{<a href="/web/20200413211606/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Template:Tag" title="Template:Tag">tag</a>}}, (2) replace the < left angle bracket with its HTML character entity, or (3) nest nowiki tags in each other: </p> <pre>{{ tag | nowiki }} <code>&lt; nowiki>...&lt;/ nowiki ></code> <code><<nowiki />nowiki>...<<nowiki />/ nowiki ></code></pre> <div class="poem"> <p><span class="mw-poem-indented" style="display: inline-block; margin-left: 1em;"><code class="nowrap" style=""><nowiki>...</ nowiki ></code></span><br/> <span class="mw-poem-indented" style="display: inline-block; margin-left: 1em;"><code>< nowiki>...</ nowiki ></code></span><br/> <span class="mw-poem-indented" style="display: inline-block; margin-left: 1em;"><code>< nowiki>...</ nowiki ></code></span> </p> </div> <pre>{{ tag | nowiki | s }} <code>&lt; nowiki /></code> <code><<nowiki /> nowiki /></code> <code><nowiki>< nowiki /></nowiki></code></pre> <div class="poem"> <p><span class="mw-poem-indented" style="display: inline-block; margin-left: 1em;"><code class="nowrap" style=""><nowiki /></code></span><br/> <span class="mw-poem-indented" style="display: inline-block; margin-left: 1em;"><code>< nowiki /></code></span><br/> <span class="mw-poem-indented" style="display: inline-block; margin-left: 1em;"><code>< nowiki /></code></span><br/> <span class="mw-poem-indented" style="display: inline-block; margin-left: 1em;"><code>< nowiki /></code></span> </p> </div> <p>Nowiki tags do not otherwise nest, so it is the second and fourth that displays: </p> <pre>1<nowiki>2<nowiki>3</nowiki>4</nowiki> <nowiki>{{!}}<nowiki></nowiki>{{!}}</nowiki> </pre> <div class="poem"> <p><span class="mw-poem-indented" style="display: inline-block; margin-left: 1em;">12<nowiki>34</nowiki> <span class="nowrap">     </span> <i><span style="font-size:85%;">second and fourth</span></i> </span><br/> <span class="mw-poem-indented" style="display: inline-block; margin-left: 1em;">{{!}}<nowiki>|</nowiki></span> </p> </div> <p>These simply scan from left to right. The paired tags cannot overlap, because the very first pair-match nullifies any intervening tags inside. Unbalanced tags always display. </p><p>Nowiki tags do not display table markup, use <code class="nowrap" style=""><pre>...</pre></code>. </p> <h3><span class="mw-headline" id="Pre">Pre</span></h3> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r911143475"/><div class="module-shortcutanchordiv"><span id="WP:PRE"></span></div><div class="module-shortcutboxplain plainlist noprint" role="note"><div class="module-shortcutlist"><a href="/web/20200413211606/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Shortcut" title="Wikipedia:Shortcut">Shortcut</a></div><ul><li><span class="plainlinks"><a class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200413211606/https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Wikipedia:PRE&redirect=no">WP:PRE</a></span></li></ul></div> <p><code class="nowrap" style=""><pre></code> is a parser tag that emulates the HTML <code class="nowrap" style=""><pre></code> tag. It defines preformatted text that is displayed in a fixed-width font and is enclosed in a dashed box. HTML and wiki markups are escaped and spaces and line breaks are preserved, but HTML entities are parsed. </p> <table style="table-layout:fixed; width:100%; margin-top:0;margin-left:0; border-width:medium; padding:0;"> <caption><b><code class="nowrap" style=""><pre></code> examples</b> </caption> <tbody><tr> <th scope="col" style="width:50%;">Markup</th> <th scope="col" style="width:50%;">Renders as  </th></tr> <tr> <td style="width:50%; background:#f9f9f9; border-width:1px;border-style:solid none none solid;border-color:#ddd; padding:9px 5px 5px; vertical-align:top;"><pre style="margin:0;border:none;padding:0; word-wrap:break-word; white-space:-moz-pre-wrap;white-space:-o-pre-wrap;white-space:-pre-wrap;white-space:pre-wrap; "><pre> [[wiki]] markup &amp;</pre></pre> </td> <td style="width:50%; background:#f9f9f9; border-width:1px;border-style:solid solid none solid;border-color:#ddd; padding:5px; vertical-align:top;"><div style=""> <pre> [[wiki]] markup &</pre> </div> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="width:50%; border-width:1px;border-style:solid none none none;border-color:#ddd; padding:5px; vertical-align:top;"> </td> <td style="width:50%; border-width:1px;border-style:solid none none none;border-color:#ddd; padding:5px; vertical-align:top;"> </td></tr></tbody></table> <p><code class="nowrap" style=""><pre></code> formatted text does not wrap, thus text may extend past the browser window: </p> <pre>Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetur adipisicing elit, sed do eiusmod tempor incididunt ut labore et dolore magna aliqua. Ut enim ad minim veniam, quis nostrud exercitation ullamco laboris nisi ut aliquip ex ea commodo consequat.</pre> <p>To resolve this, <code class="nowrap" style=""><pre></code> may use CSS styling to add wrapping or a horizontal scrollbar: </p> <ul><li>Wrapping: <code class="nowrap" style=""><pre style="white-space:-moz-pre-wrap; white-space:-pre-wrap; white-space:-o-pre-wrap; white-space:pre-wrap; word-wrap:break-word;"></code></li> <li>Scroll bar: <code class="nowrap" style=""><pre style="overflow:auto; width:auto;"></code></li></ul> <p>Alternatively, consider using {{<a href="/web/20200413211606/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Template:Pre2" title="Template:Pre2">pre2</a>}} template or <code class="nowrap"><<a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200413211606/https://www.mediawiki.org/wiki/Extension:SyntaxHighlight" class="extiw" title="mw:Extension:SyntaxHighlight">syntaxhighlight</a> lang="text">...</syntaxhighlight></code>. </p> <h2><span id="Invisible_text_.28comments.29"></span><span class="mw-headline" id="Invisible_text_(comments)">Invisible text (comments)</span></h2> <div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/web/20200413211606/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Help:Hidden_text" class="mw-redirect" title="Help:Hidden text">Help:Hidden text</a></div> <p>It's uncommon – but on occasion acceptable for notes to other editors – to add a hidden comment within the text of an article. These comments are visible only when editing or viewing the source of a page. Most comments should go on the appropriate <a href="/web/20200413211606/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Talk_page" class="mw-redirect" title="Wikipedia:Talk page">Talk page</a>. The format is to surround the hidden text with "<code></code>" and may cover several lines, e.g.: </p> <pre> </pre> <p>Another way to include a comment in the wiki markup uses the {{<a href="/web/20200413211606/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Template:Void" title="Template:Void">Void</a>}} template, which can be abbreviated as {{<a href="/web/20200413211606/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Template:%5E" class="mw-redirect" title="Template:^">^</a>}}. This template "expands" to the empty string, generating no HTML output; it is visible only to people editing the wiki source. Thus <span class="nowrap"><code><span class="nowrap">{{<a href="/web/20200413211606/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Template:%5E" class="mw-redirect" title="Template:^">^</a>|A lengthy comment here}}</span></code></span> operates similarly to the comment <span class="nowrap"><code></code></span>. The main difference is that the template version can be nested, while attempting to nest HTML comments produces odd results. </p> <h2><span class="mw-headline" id="Variables">Variables</span></h2> <div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/web/20200413211606/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Help:Magic_words#Variables" title="Help:Magic words">Help:Magic_words § Variables</a></div> <table style="text-align:center" class="wikitable"> <tbody><tr> <th>Code </th> <th>Effect </th> <th>Notes </th></tr> <tr> <td>{{CURRENTWEEK}}</td> <td>16 </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td>{{CURRENTDOW}}</td> <td>1 </td> <td> <p>Monday = 1, Tuesday = 2, etc., but Sunday = 0 </p> </td></tr> <tr> <td>{{CURRENTMONTH}}</td> <td>04 </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td>{{CURRENTMONTHNAME}} </td> <td>April </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td>{{CURRENTMONTHNAMEGEN}} </td> <td>April </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td>{{CURRENTDAY}}</td> <td>13 </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td>{{CURRENTDAYNAME}}</td> <td>Monday </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td>{{CURRENTYEAR}}</td> <td>2020 </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td>{{CURRENTTIME}}</td> <td>20:56 </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td>{{NUMBEROFARTICLES}} </td> <td>6,057,027 </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td>{{NUMBEROFPAGES}} </td> <td>50,066,721 </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td>{{NUMBEROFUSERS}} </td> <td>38,767,215 </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td>{{PAGENAME}}</td> <td>Wikitext </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td>{{NAMESPACE}}</td> <td>Help </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td>{{REVISIONID}}</td> <td>- </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td>{{REVISIONUSER}}</td> <td>AbeautyfulMess06 </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td>{{localurl:pagename}} </td> <td>/wiki/Pagename </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td>{{localurl:<i>Wikipedia:Sandbox</i>|action=edit}} </td> <td>/w/index.php?title=Wikipedia:Sandbox&action=edit </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td>{{fullurl:pagename}} </td> <td>//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pagename </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td>{{fullurl:pagename|<i>query_string</i>}} </td> <td>//en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Pagename&query_string </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td>{{SERVER}}</td> <td>//en.wikipedia.org </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td>{{ns:1}}</td> <td>Talk </td> <td> <p>{{ns:<i>index</i>}} e.g. {{ns:1}} → full name of namespace </p> </td></tr> <tr> <td>{{SITENAME}}</td> <td>Wikipedia </td> <td> </td></tr></tbody></table> <p><b><span class="nowrap">{{NUMBEROFARTICLES}}</span></b> is the number of pages in the main namespace that contain a link and are not a redirect. This includes full articles, stubs containing a link, and disambiguation pages. </p><p><b><span class="nowrap">{{CURRENTMONTHNAMEGEN}}</span></b> is the genitive (possessive) grammatical form of the month name, as used in some languages but not in English; <b><span class="nowrap">{{CURRENTMONTHNAME}}</span></b> is the nominative (subject) form, as usually seen in English. </p><p>In languages where it makes a difference, you can use constructs like <code>{{grammar:case|word}}</code> to convert a word from the nominative case to some other case. For example, <code>{{grammar:genitive|{{CURRENTMONTHNAME}}}}</code> means the same as <code>{{CURRENTMONTHNAMEGEN}}</code>. </p> <h2><span class="mw-headline" id="HTML">HTML</span></h2> <div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main page: <a href="/web/20200413211606/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Help:HTML_in_wikitext" title="Help:HTML in wikitext">Help:HTML in wikitext</a></div> <p>Many <a href="/web/20200413211606/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/HTML" title="HTML">HTML</a> tags can be used in wiki markup. You can check your HTML by using <a href="/web/20200413211606/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Help:Markup_validation" title="Help:Markup validation">markup validation</a>. </p> <h2><span class="mw-headline" id="Common_templates">Common templates</span></h2> <table class="wikitable collapsible expanded" style="text-align: left; margin:0px;"> <tbody><tr> <th style="width:100em;"><div class="plainlinks hlist navbar mini" style="float:left; text-align:left"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/web/20200413211606/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Template:Quicktemplates" title="Template:Quicktemplates"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/web/20200413211606/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Template_talk:Quicktemplates" title="Template talk:Quicktemplates"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200413211606/https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Template:Quicktemplates&action=edit"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/web/20200413211606/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Help:Wiki_markup" class="mw-redirect" title="Help:Wiki markup">Quick Templates</a></div> </th></tr> <tr> <td> <table class="wikitable collapsible collapsed" style="text-align: left;margin:0px;"> <tbody><tr> <th style="text-align: left;width:100em;"> <h4><span class="mw-headline" id="Image"><a href="/web/20200413211606/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Help:Files" title="Help:Files">Image</a></span></h4> </th></tr> <tr> <td><div class="mw-highlight mw-highlight-lang-moin mw-content-ltr" dir="ltr"><pre><span></span><span class="k">[[File: | thumb | upright | right | alt= | caption ]]</span> </pre></div> </td></tr></tbody></table> <table class="wikitable collapsible collapsed" style="text-align: left;margin:0px;"> <tbody><tr> <th style="text-align: left;width:100em;"> <h4><span class="mw-headline" id="Cite_Web"><a href="/web/20200413211606/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Template:Cite_web" title="Template:Cite web">Cite Web</a></span></h4> </th></tr> <tr> <td><div class="mw-highlight mw-highlight-lang-xml+smarty mw-content-ltr" dir="ltr"><pre><span></span><span class="nt"><ref></span><span class="cp">{{</span><span class="na">cite</span> <span class="na">web</span> <span class="o">|</span><span class="na">url</span><span class="o">=</span> <span class="o">|</span><span class="na">title</span><span class="o">=</span> <span class="o">|</span><span class="na">author</span><span class="o">=</span> <span class="o">|</span><span class="na">date</span><span class="o">=</span> <span class="o">|</span><span class="na">work</span><span class="o">=</span> <span class="o">|</span><span class="na">publisher</span><span class="o">=</span> <span class="o">|</span><span class="na">accessdate</span><span class="o">=</span> <span class="cp">}}</span><span class="nt"></ref></span> </pre></div> </td></tr></tbody></table> <table class="wikitable collapsible collapsed" style="text-align: left;margin:0px;"> <tbody><tr> <th style="text-align: left;width:100em;"> <h4><span class="mw-headline" id="Cite_Journal"><a href="/web/20200413211606/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Template:Cite_journal" title="Template:Cite journal">Cite Journal</a></span></h4> </th></tr> <tr> <td><div class="mw-highlight mw-highlight-lang-xml+smarty mw-content-ltr" dir="ltr"><pre><span></span><span class="nt"><ref></span><span class="cp">{{</span><span class="na">cite</span> <span class="na">journal</span> <span class="o">|</span><span class="na">last1</span><span class="o">=</span> <span class="o">|</span><span class="na">first1</span><span class="o">=</span> <span class="o">|</span><span class="na">last2</span><span class="o">=</span> <span class="o">|</span><span class="na">first2</span><span class="o">=</span> <span class="o">|</span><span class="na">year</span><span class="o">=</span> <span class="o">|</span><span class="na">title</span><span class="o">=</span> <span class="o">|</span><span class="na">journal</span><span class="o">=</span> <span class="o">|</span><span class="na">volume</span><span class="o">=</span> <span class="o">|</span><span class="na">issue</span><span class="o">=</span> <span class="o">|</span><span class="na">pages</span><span class="o">=</span> <span class="o">|</span><span class="na">publisher</span><span class="o">=</span> <span class="o">|</span><span class="na">doi</span><span class="o">=</span> <span class="o">|</span><span class="na">url</span><span class="o">=</span> <span class="o">|</span><span class="na">accessdate</span><span class="o">=</span> <span class="cp">}}</span><span class="nt"></ref></span> </pre></div> </td></tr></tbody></table> <table class="wikitable collapsible collapsed" style="text-align: left;margin:0px;"> <tbody><tr> <th style="text-align: left;width:100em;"> <h4><span id="Cite_Book_.28Short.29"></span><span class="mw-headline" id="Cite_Book_(Short)"><a href="/web/20200413211606/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Template:Cite_book" title="Template:Cite book">Cite Book (Short)</a></span></h4> </th></tr> <tr> <td><div class="mw-highlight mw-highlight-lang-xml+smarty mw-content-ltr" dir="ltr"><pre><span></span><span class="nt"><ref></span><span class="cp">{{</span><span class="na">cite</span> <span class="na">book</span> <span class="o">|</span><span class="na">last</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="o">|</span><span class="na">first</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="o">|</span><span class="na">authorlink</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="o">|</span><span class="na">title</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="o">|</span><span class="na">publisher</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="o">|</span><span class="na">series</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="o">|</span><span class="na">year</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="o">|</span><span class="na">doi</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="o">|</span><span class="na">isbn</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="cp">}}</span><span class="nt"></ref></span> </pre></div> </td></tr></tbody></table> <table class="wikitable collapsible collapsed" style="text-align: left;margin:0px;"> <tbody><tr> <th style="text-align: left;width:100em;"> <h4><span id="Cite_Book_.28Extended.29"></span><span class="mw-headline" id="Cite_Book_(Extended)"><a href="/web/20200413211606/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Template:Cite_book" title="Template:Cite book">Cite Book (Extended)</a></span></h4> </th></tr> <tr> <td><div class="mw-highlight mw-highlight-lang-xml+smarty mw-content-ltr" dir="ltr"><pre><span></span><span class="nt"><ref></span><span class="cp">{{</span><span class="na">cite</span> <span class="na">book</span> <span class="o">|</span> <span class="na">last</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="o">|</span> <span class="na">first</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="o">|</span> <span class="na">authorlink</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="o">|</span> <span class="na">coauthors</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="o">|</span> <span class="na">editor</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="o">|</span> <span class="na">title</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="o">|</span> <span class="na">trans_title</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="o">|</span> <span class="na">url</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="o">|</span> <span class="na">accessdate</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="o">|</span> <span class="na">edition</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="o">|</span> <span class="na">series</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="o">|</span> <span class="na">volume</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="o">|</span> <span class="na">date</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="o">|</span> <span class="na">year</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="o">|</span> <span class="na">publisher</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="o">|</span> <span class="na">location</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="o">|</span> <span class="na">isbn</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="o">|</span> <span class="na">doi</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="o">|</span> <span class="na">page</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="o">|</span> <span class="na">pages</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="o">|</span> <span class="na">chapter</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="cp">}}</span><span class="nt"></ref></span> </pre></div> </td></tr></tbody></table> <table class="wikitable collapsible collapsed" style="text-align: left;margin:0px;"> <tbody><tr> <th style="text-align: left;width:100em;"> <h4><span class="mw-headline" id="Metric_Conversions"><a href="/web/20200413211606/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Template:Convert" title="Template:Convert">Metric Conversions</a></span></h4> </th></tr> <tr> <td>Single Input:<div class="mw-highlight mw-highlight-lang-xml+smarty mw-content-ltr" dir="ltr"><pre><span></span><span class="cp">{{</span><span class="na">convert</span><span class="o">|</span><span class="na">original_value</span><span class="o">|</span><span class="na">original_unit</span><span class="o">|</span><span class="na">conversion_unit</span><span class="o">|</span><span class="na">abbr</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="na">on</span><span class="cp">}}</span> </pre></div> Range of Values:<div class="mw-highlight mw-highlight-lang-xml+smarty mw-content-ltr" dir="ltr"><pre><span></span><span class="cp">{{</span><span class="na">convert</span><span class="o">|</span><span class="na">orig_val1</span><span class="o">|</span><span class="na">range</span><span class="o">|</span><span class="na">orig_val2</span><span class="o">|</span><span class="na">original_unit</span><span class="o">|</span><span class="na">conversion_unit</span><span class="o">|</span><span class="na">abbr</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="na">on</span><span class="cp">}}</span> </pre></div> EXAMPLES:<div class="mw-highlight mw-highlight-lang-xml+smarty mw-content-ltr" dir="ltr"><pre><span></span><span class="cp">{{</span><span class="na">convert</span><span class="o">|</span><span class="m">60</span><span class="o">|</span><span class="na">and</span><span class="o">|</span><span class="m">170</span><span class="o">|</span><span class="na">kg</span><span class="o">|</span><span class="na">lb</span><span class="o">|</span><span class="na">abbr</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="na">on</span><span class="cp">}}</span> <span class="cp">{{</span><span class="na">convert</span><span class="o">|</span><span class="m">18</span><span class="o">|</span><span class="err">°</span><span class="na">C</span><span class="o">|</span><span class="err">°</span><span class="na">F</span><span class="cp">}}</span> <span class="cp">{{</span><span class="na">convert</span><span class="o">|</span><span class="m">3.21</span><span class="o">|</span><span class="na">kg</span><span class="o">|</span><span class="na">lb</span><span class="cp">}}</span> </pre></div> </td></tr></tbody></table> <table class="wikitable collapsible collapsed" style="text-align: left;margin:0px;"> <tbody><tr> <th style="text-align: left;width:100em;"> <h4><span class="mw-headline" id="Variables_2"><a href="/web/20200413211606/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Help:Wiki_markup#Variables" class="mw-redirect" title="Help:Wiki markup">Variables</a></span></h4> </th></tr> <tr> <td> <table style="text-align:center"> <tbody><tr> <th>Code </th> <th>Effect </th></tr> <tr> <td>{{CURRENTWEEK}}</td> <td>16 </td></tr> <tr> <td>{{CURRENTDOW}}</td> <td>1 </td></tr> <tr> <td>{{CURRENTMONTH}}</td> <td>04 </td></tr> <tr> <td>{{CURRENTMONTHNAME}} </td> <td>April </td></tr> <tr> <td>{{CURRENTMONTHNAMEGEN}} </td> <td>April </td></tr> <tr> <td>{{CURRENTDAY}}</td> <td>13 </td></tr> <tr> <td>{{CURRENTDAYNAME}}</td> <td>Monday </td></tr> <tr> <td>{{CURRENTYEAR}}</td> <td>2020 </td></tr> <tr> <td>{{CURRENTTIME}}</td> <td>20:56 </td></tr> <tr> <td>{{NUMBEROFARTICLES}} </td> <td>6,057,027 </td></tr> <tr> <td>{{NUMBEROFPAGES}} </td> <td>50,066,721 </td></tr> <tr> <td>{{NUMBEROFUSERS}} </td> <td>38,767,215 </td></tr> <tr> <td>{{PAGENAME}}</td> <td>Wikitext </td></tr> <tr> <td>{{NAMESPACE}}</td> <td>Help </td></tr> <tr> <td>{{REVISIONID}}</td> <td>- </td></tr> <tr> <td>{{REVISIONUSER}}</td> <td>AbeautyfulMess06 </td></tr> <tr> <td>{{localurl:pagename}} </td> <td>/wiki/Pagename </td></tr> <tr> <td>{{localurl:<i>Wikipedia:Sandbox</i>|action=edit}} </td> <td>/w/index.php?title=Wikipedia:Sandbox&action=edit </td></tr> <tr> <td>{{fullurl:pagename}} </td> <td>//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pagename </td></tr> <tr> <td>{{fullurl:pagename|<i>query_string</i>}} </td> <td>//en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Pagename&query_string </td></tr> <tr> <td>{{SERVER}}</td> <td>//en.wikipedia.org </td></tr> <tr> <td>{{ns:<i>index</i>}} e.g. '{{ns:1}}' </td> <td>fullname of namespace e.g 'Talk' </td></tr> <tr> <td>{{SITENAME}}</td> <td>Wikipedia </td></tr></tbody></table> </td></tr></tbody></table> <table class="wikitable collapsible collapsed" style="text-align: left;margin:0px;"> <tbody><tr> <th style="text-align: left;width:100em;"> <h4><span class="mw-headline" id="Recalling_Named_Reference"><a href="/web/20200413211606/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Citing_sources#Footnotes" title="Wikipedia:Citing sources">Recalling Named Reference</a></span></h4> </th></tr> <tr> <td><div class="mw-highlight mw-highlight-lang-xml mw-content-ltr" dir="ltr"><pre><span></span><span class="nt"><ref</span> <span class="na">name=</span><span class="s">"NAMEOFREF"</span> <span class="nt">/></span> </pre></div> </td></tr></tbody></table> <table class="wikitable collapsible collapsed" style="text-align: left;margin:0px;"> <tbody><tr> <th style="text-align: left;width:100em;"> <h4><span class="mw-headline" id="Quote"><a href="/web/20200413211606/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Template:Quote" title="Template:Quote">Quote</a></span></h4> </th></tr> <tr> <td><div class="mw-highlight mw-highlight-lang-smarty mw-content-ltr" dir="ltr"><pre><span></span><span class="cp">{{</span><span class="na">quote</span><span class="o">|</span> <span class="na">text</span> <span class="o">=|</span> <span class="na">sign</span> <span class="o">=</span><span class="cp">}}</span><span class="x"></span> </pre></div> </td></tr></tbody></table> <table class="wikitable collapsible collapsed" style="text-align: left;margin:0px;"> <tbody><tr> <th style="text-align: left;width:100em;"> <h4><span class="mw-headline" id="Blockquote_2"><a href="/web/20200413211606/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Template:Blockquote" class="mw-redirect" title="Template:Blockquote">Blockquote</a></span></h4> </th></tr> <tr> <td><div class="mw-highlight mw-highlight-lang-html mw-content-ltr" dir="ltr"><pre><span></span><span class="p"><</span><span class="nt">blockquote</span><span class="p">></span> <span class="p"><</span><span class="nt">p</span><span class="p">></span>QUOTED PARAGRAPH<span class="p"></</span><span class="nt">p</span><span class="p">></span> <span class="p"><</span><span class="nt">p</span><span class="p">></span>NAME, SOURCE, REFERENCE<span class="p"></</span><span class="nt">p</span><span class="p">></span> <span class="p"></</span><span class="nt">blockquote</span><span class="p">></span> </pre></div> </td></tr></tbody></table> <table class="wikitable collapsible collapsed" style="text-align: left;margin:0px;"> <tbody><tr> <th style="text-align: left;width:100em;"> <h4><span class="mw-headline" id="About"><a href="/web/20200413211606/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Template:About" title="Template:About">About</a></span></h4> </th></tr> <tr> <td><small>(This page is about USE1. For other uses, see About (disambiguation).)</small><br/> <div class="mw-highlight mw-highlight-lang-smarty mw-content-ltr" dir="ltr"><pre><span></span><span class="cp">{{</span><span class="na">About</span><span class="o">|</span><span class="na">USE1</span><span class="cp">}}</span><span class="x"></span> </pre></div> </td></tr> <tr> <td><small>(This page is about USE1. For other uses, see PAGE2.)</small><br/> <div class="mw-highlight mw-highlight-lang-smarty mw-content-ltr" dir="ltr"><pre><span></span><span class="cp">{{</span><span class="na">About</span><span class="o">|</span><span class="na">USE1</span><span class="o">||</span><span class="na">PAGE2</span><span class="cp">}}</span><span class="x"></span> </pre></div> </td></tr> <tr> <td><small>(This page is about USE1. For USE2, see PAGE2.)</small><br/> <div class="mw-highlight mw-highlight-lang-smarty mw-content-ltr" dir="ltr"><pre><span></span><span class="cp">{{</span><span class="na">About</span><span class="o">|</span><span class="na">USE1</span><span class="o">|</span><span class="na">USE2</span><span class="o">|</span><span class="na">PAGE2</span><span class="cp">}}</span><span class="x"></span> </pre></div> </td></tr> <tr> <td><small>(This page is about USE1. For USE2, see PAGE2. For USE3, see PAGE3. For USE4, see PAGE4. For USE5, see PAGE5.)</small><br/> <div class="mw-highlight mw-highlight-lang-smarty mw-content-ltr" dir="ltr"><pre><span></span><span class="cp">{{</span><span class="na">About</span><span class="o">|</span><span class="na">USE1</span><span class="o">|</span><span class="na">USE2</span><span class="o">|</span><span class="na">PAGE2</span><span class="o">|</span><span class="na">USE3</span><span class="o">|</span><span class="na">PAGE3</span><span class="o">|</span><span class="na">USE4</span><span class="o">|</span><span class="na">PAGE4</span><span class="o">|</span><span class="na">USE5</span><span class="o">|</span><span class="na">PAGE5</span><span class="cp">}}</span><span class="x"></span> </pre></div> </td></tr> </tbody></table> <table class="wikitable collapsible collapsed" style="text-align: left;margin:0px;"> <tbody><tr> <th style="text-align: left;width:100em;"> <h4><span id="Table_.28Borderless.29"></span><span class="mw-headline" id="Table_(Borderless)"><a href="/web/20200413211606/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Help:Table" title="Help:Table">Table (Borderless)</a></span></h4> </th></tr> <tr> <td><div class="mw-highlight mw-highlight-lang-css mw-content-ltr" dir="ltr"><pre><span></span><span class="p">{</span><span class="err">|</span> <span class="err">|-</span> <span class="err">!</span> <span class="err">scope="col"</span> <span class="err">width="</span><span class="k">width</span><span class="p">:</span><span class="mi">20</span><span class="kt">em</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="err">"</span> <span class="err">|COLUMN1</span> <span class="err">!</span> <span class="err">scope="col"</span> <span class="err">width="</span><span class="k">width</span><span class="p">:</span><span class="mi">20</span><span class="kt">em</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="err">"</span> <span class="err">|COLUMN2</span> <span class="err">|-</span> <span class="err">|ROW1</span> <span class="err">|ROW1/COL2</span> <span class="err">|-</span> <span class="err">|ROW2</span> <span class="err">|ROW2/COL2</span> <span class="err">|-</span> <span class="err">|</span><span class="p">}</span> </pre></div> </td></tr></tbody></table> <table class="wikitable collapsible collapsed" style="text-align: left;margin:0px;"> <tbody><tr> <th style="text-align: left;width:100em;"> <h4><span class="mw-headline" id="Table_Style_1"><a href="/web/20200413211606/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Help:Table" title="Help:Table">Table Style 1</a></span></h4> </th></tr> <tr> <td><div class="mw-highlight mw-highlight-lang-css mw-content-ltr" dir="ltr"><pre><span></span><span class="p">{</span><span class="err">|</span> <span class="err">border="1"</span> <span class="err">cellpadding="2"</span> <span class="err">|----</span> <span class="err">!</span> <span class="err">scope="col"</span> <span class="err">width="</span><span class="k">width</span><span class="p">:</span><span class="mi">20</span><span class="kt">em</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="err">"</span> <span class="err">|COLUMN1</span> <span class="err">!</span> <span class="err">scope="col"</span> <span class="err">width="</span><span class="k">width</span><span class="p">:</span><span class="mi">20</span><span class="kt">em</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="err">"</span> <span class="err">|COLUMN2</span> <span class="err">|-</span> <span class="err">|ROW1</span> <span class="err">|ROW1/COL2</span> <span class="err">|-</span> <span class="err">|ROW2</span> <span class="err">|ROW2/COL2</span> <span class="err">|----</span> <span class="err">|</span><span class="p">}</span> </pre></div> </td></tr></tbody></table> <table class="wikitable collapsible collapsed" style="text-align: left;margin:0px;"> <tbody><tr> <th style="text-align: left;width:100em;"> <h4><span id="Table_Style_2_.28Wikitable.29"></span><span class="mw-headline" id="Table_Style_2_(Wikitable)"><a href="/web/20200413211606/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Help:Wikitable" class="mw-redirect" title="Help:Wikitable">Table Style 2 (Wikitable)</a></span></h4> </th></tr> <tr> <td><div class="mw-highlight mw-highlight-lang-css mw-content-ltr" dir="ltr"><pre><span></span><span class="p">{</span><span class="err">|</span> <span class="err">class="wikitable"</span> <span class="err">style="</span><span class="k">text-align</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="kc">left</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="err">"</span> <span class="err">|-</span> <span class="err">!</span> <span class="err">style="</span><span class="k">width</span><span class="p">:</span><span class="mi">20</span><span class="kt">em</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="err">"</span> <span class="err">|COLUMN1</span> <span class="err">!</span> <span class="err">style="</span><span class="k">width</span><span class="p">:</span><span class="mi">20</span><span class="kt">em</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="err">"</span> <span class="err">|COLUMN2</span> <span class="err">|-</span> <span class="err">|ROW1</span> <span class="err">|ROW1/COL2</span> <span class="err">|-</span> <span class="err">|ROW2</span> <span class="err">|ROW2/COL2</span> <span class="err">|-</span> <span class="err">|</span><span class="p">}</span> </pre></div> </td></tr></tbody></table> <table class="wikitable collapsible collapsed" style="text-align: left;margin:0px;"> <tbody><tr> <th style="text-align: left;width:100em;"> <h4><span id="Collapsible_Table.2C_Default:_Collapsed"></span><span class="mw-headline" id="Collapsible_Table,_Default:_Collapsed"><a href="/web/20200413211606/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Help:Collapsing" title="Help:Collapsing">Collapsible Table, Default: Collapsed</a></span></h4> </th></tr> <tr> <td><div class="mw-highlight mw-highlight-lang-css mw-content-ltr" dir="ltr"><pre><span></span><span class="p">{</span><span class="err">|</span> <span class="err">class="wikitable</span> <span class="err">collapsible</span> <span class="err">collapsed"</span> <span class="err">style="</span><span class="k">text-align</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="kc">left</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="k">margin</span><span class="p">:</span><span class="mi">0</span><span class="kt">px</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="err">"</span> <span class="err">|-</span> <span class="err">!</span> <span class="err">style="</span><span class="k">width</span><span class="p">:</span><span class="mi">20</span><span class="kt">em</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="err">"</span> <span class="err">|COLUMN1</span> <span class="err">!</span> <span class="err">style="</span><span class="k">width</span><span class="p">:</span><span class="mi">20</span><span class="kt">em</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="err">"</span> <span class="err">|COLUMN2</span> <span class="err">|-</span> <span class="err">|ROW1</span> <span class="err">|ROW1/COL2</span> <span class="err">|-</span> <span class="err">|ROW2</span> <span class="err">|ROW2/COL2</span> <span class="err">|-</span> <span class="err">|</span><span class="p">}</span> </pre></div> </td></tr></tbody></table> <table class="wikitable collapsible collapsed" style="text-align: left;margin:0px;"> <tbody><tr> <th style="text-align: left;width:100em;"> <h4><span class="mw-headline" id="Columns_2"><a href="/web/20200413211606/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Help:Columns" title="Help:Columns">Columns</a></span></h4> </th></tr> <tr> <td><div class="mw-highlight mw-highlight-lang-smarty mw-content-ltr" dir="ltr"><pre><span></span><span class="cp">{{</span><span class="na">col</span><span class="o">-</span><span class="na">begin</span><span class="o">|</span><span class="na">width</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="m">100</span><span class="o">%</span><span class="cp">}}</span><span class="x"></span> <span class="cp">{{</span><span class="na">col</span><span class="o">-</span><span class="na">break</span><span class="o">|</span><span class="na">width</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="cp">}}</span><span class="x"> </span> <span class="cp">{{</span><span class="na">col</span><span class="o">-</span><span class="na">end</span><span class="cp">}}</span><span class="x"></span> </pre></div> </td></tr></tbody></table> <table class="wikitable collapsible collapsed" style="text-align: left;margin:0px;"> <tbody><tr> <th style="text-align: left;width:100em;"> <h4><span class="mw-headline" id="Interwiki"><a href="/web/20200413211606/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Help:InterWikimedia_links" class="mw-redirect" title="Help:InterWikimedia links">Interwiki</a></span></h4> </th></tr> <tr> <td> <table class="wikitable" style="text-align: left;margin:0px;"> <tbody><tr> <th style="width:30em;">Wiki </th> <th style="width:30em;">Shortcut </th></tr> <tr> <td>Wikicommons </td> <td>[[commons:]] </td></tr> <tr> <td>Wikipedia </td> <td>[[w:]] </td></tr> <tr> <td>Wiktionary </td> <td>[[wikt:]] </td></tr> <tr> <td>Wikibooks </td> <td>[[b:]] </td></tr> <tr> <td>Wikisource </td> <td>[[s:]] </td></tr> <tr> <td>Wikispecies </td> <td>[[species:]] </td></tr> <tr> <td>Metawiki </td> <td>[[m:]] </td></tr> <tr> <td>Mediawiki </td> <td>[[mw:]] </td></tr> </tbody></table> </td></tr></tbody></table> <table class="wikitable collapsible collapsed" style="text-align: left;margin:0px;"> <tbody><tr> <th style="text-align: left;width:100em;"> <h4><span class="mw-headline" id="Vandalism_Response_Templates"><a href="/web/20200413211606/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Vandalism" title="Wikipedia:Vandalism">Vandalism Response Templates</a></span></h4> </th></tr> <tr> <td> <table class="wikitable" style="text-align: left;margin:0px;"> <tbody><tr> <td><div class="mw-highlight mw-highlight-lang-moin mw-content-ltr" dir="ltr"><pre><span></span> <span class="nb">*</span> {{subst:uw-vandalism1|PageName}} <span class="c">~~~~</span> (unintentional vandalism/test) <span class="nb">*</span> {{subst:uw-delete1|PageName}} <span class="c">~~~~</span> (unintentional removal of content) <span class="nb">*</span> {{subst:uw-vandalism2|PageName}} <span class="c">~~~~</span> (suitable for intentional nonsense or disruption) <span class="nb">*</span> {{subst:uw-delete2|PageName}} <span class="c">~~~~</span> (variant for removal of content) <span class="nb">*</span> {{subst:uw-vandalism3|PageName}} <span class="c">~~~~</span> ("please stop" for use after level 2 warning) <span class="nb">*</span> {{subst:uw-delete3|PageName}} <span class="c">~~~~</span> (please stop removing content) <span class="nb">*</span> {{subst:uw-vandalism4|PageName}} <span class="c">~~~~</span> (last warning for vandalism) <span class="nb">*</span> {{subst:uw-delete4|PageName}} <span class="c">~~~~</span> (last warning for removing content) <span class="nb">*</span> {{subst:uw-vandalism4im|PageName}} <span class="c">~~~~</span> (only warning; for severe or grotesque vandalism only) <span class="nb">*</span> {{subst:uw-delete4im|PageName}} <span class="c">~~~~</span> (only warning; for many blankings in a short period of time) </pre></div> </td></tr></tbody></table> </td></tr></tbody></table> <table class="wikitable collapsible collapsed" style="text-align: left;margin:0px;"> <tbody><tr> <th style="text-align: left;width:100em;"> <h4><span class="mw-headline" id="Page_Citation"><a href="/web/20200413211606/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Template:Rp" title="Template:Rp">Page Citation</a></span></h4> </th></tr> <tr> <td><div class="mw-highlight mw-highlight-lang-smarty mw-content-ltr" dir="ltr"><pre><span></span><span class="cp">{{</span><span class="na">rp</span><span class="o">|</span><span class="na">page</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="cp">}}</span><span class="x"></span> </pre></div> </td></tr></tbody></table> </td></tr></tbody></table> <h2><span class="mw-headline" id="See_also">See also</span></h2> <div style="margin:.1em; float:right; border: 1px solid #aaa; padding: 2px; background-color:#f9f9f9"><img alt="Information icon.svg" src="//web.archive.org/web/20200413211606im_/https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/3/35/Information_icon.svg/20px-Information_icon.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="20" srcset="//web.archive.org/web/20200413211606im_/https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/3/35/Information_icon.svg/30px-Information_icon.svg.png 1.5x, //web.archive.org/web/20200413211606im_/https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/3/35/Information_icon.svg/40px-Information_icon.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="62" data-file-height="62"/> <a href="/web/20200413211606/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Help_desk" title="Wikipedia:Help desk">Help desk</a></div> <p>See the 'Coding wiki markup' section of the Help navigation navbox below for additional links. </p> <ul><li><a href="/web/20200413211606/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Help:Magic_links" title="Help:Magic links">Help:Magic links</a>: magic links are automatic links for certain unique identifiers that require no markup.</li> <li><a href="/web/20200413211606/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Extended_image_syntax" title="Wikipedia:Extended image syntax">Wikipedia:Extended image syntax</a>: advanced <a href="/web/20200413211606/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Help:Visual_file_markup" title="Help:Visual file markup">visual file markup</a>.</li> <li><a href="/web/20200413211606/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Help:A_quick_guide_to_templates" title="Help:A quick guide to templates">Help:A quick guide to templates</a>: an introduction to <a href="/web/20200413211606/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Help:Template" title="Help:Template">templates</a>.</li> <li><a href="/web/20200413211606/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Help:Substitution" title="Help:Substitution">Help:Substitution</a>: substitution is an alternative way of including templates than <a href="/web/20200413211606/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Transclusion" title="Wikipedia:Transclusion">transclusion</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20200413211606/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Help:Score" title="Help:Score">Help:Score</a>: how to render musical scores.</li> <li><a href="/web/20200413211606/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Help:Displaying_a_formula" title="Help:Displaying a formula">Help:Displaying a formula</a>: displaying mathematical formulae.</li></ul> <div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Wikipedia_help_pages" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2" style="text-align:center;"><div class="plainlinks hlist navbar mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/web/20200413211606/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Template:Wikipedia_help_pages" title="Template:Wikipedia help pages"><abbr title="View this template" style="text-align:center;;;background:none transparent;border:none;-moz-box-shadow:none;-webkit-box-shadow:none;box-shadow:none; padding:0;">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/web/20200413211606/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Template_talk:Wikipedia_help_pages" title="Template talk:Wikipedia help pages"><abbr title="Discuss this template" style="text-align:center;;;background:none transparent;border:none;-moz-box-shadow:none;-webkit-box-shadow:none;box-shadow:none; padding:0;">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200413211606/https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Template:Wikipedia_help_pages&action=edit"><abbr title="Edit this template" style="text-align:center;;;background:none transparent;border:none;-moz-box-shadow:none;-webkit-box-shadow:none;box-shadow:none; padding:0;">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Wikipedia_help_pages" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/web/20200413211606/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Help:Directory" title="Help:Directory">Wikipedia help pages</a></div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2" style="text-align:center;"><div id="*Visit_the_Teahouse_or_the_Help_desk_for_an_interactive_Q_&amp;_A_forum._----_*_FAQs_(?)_*_Reference_desks_(?)_*_Noticeboards_(?)_*_Cheatsheet_(?)_*_Directories_(?)"> <ul><li><b>Visit the <i><a href="/web/20200413211606/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Teahouse" title="Wikipedia:Teahouse">Teahouse</a></i> or the <i><a href="/web/20200413211606/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Help_desk" title="Wikipedia:Help desk">Help desk</a></i> for an interactive <abbr title="questions and answers">Q & A</abbr> forum.</b></li></ul> <hr/> <ul><li><b><a href="/web/20200413211606/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:FAQ" title="Wikipedia:FAQ">FAQs</a></b> <b><abbr title="This is a list of frequently asked questions about using and contributing to Wikipedia.">(?)</abbr></b></li> <li><b><a href="/web/20200413211606/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Reference_desk" title="Wikipedia:Reference desk">Reference desks</a></b> <b><abbr title="Works like a library reference desk. Ask a question here and Wikipedia volunteers will try to answer it.">(?)</abbr></b></li> <li><b><a href="/web/20200413211606/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Noticeboards" title="Wikipedia:Noticeboards">Noticeboards</a></b> <b><abbr title="Pages where editors can ask questions and request assistance from people who are familiar with the policies and guidelines covered by each individual board.">(?)</abbr></b></li> <li><b><a href="/web/20200413211606/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Help:Cheatsheet" title="Help:Cheatsheet">Cheatsheet</a></b> <b><abbr title="For a list of the most commonly used Wiki markup and templates.">(?)</abbr></b></li> <li><b> <a href="/web/20200413211606/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Directories_and_indexes" title="Wikipedia:Directories and indexes">Directories</a></b> <b><abbr title="For a list of Wikipedia's directories and indexes.">(?)</abbr></b></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="text-align:center;;width:1%"><a href="/web/20200413211606/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:About" title="Wikipedia:About">About Wikipedia</a> <abbr title="Wikipedia's governess and customs">(?)</abbr></th><td class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/web/20200413211606/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Administration" title="Wikipedia:Administration">Administration</a> <ul><li><a href="/web/20200413211606/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Purpose" title="Wikipedia:Purpose">Purpose</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20200413211606/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Five_pillars" title="Wikipedia:Five pillars">Principles</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/web/20200413211606/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Policies_and_guidelines" title="Wikipedia:Policies and guidelines">Policies and guidelines</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20200413211606/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:What_Wikipedia_is_not" title="Wikipedia:What Wikipedia is not">What Wikipedia is not</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20200413211606/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:General_disclaimer" title="Wikipedia:General disclaimer">Disclaimer</a> (<a href="/web/20200413211606/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Advice_for_parents" title="Wikipedia:Advice for parents">parental advice</a>)</li> <li><a href="/web/20200413211606/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Request_directory" title="Wikipedia:Request directory">Making requests</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20200413211606/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Who_writes_Wikipedia%3F" title="Wikipedia:Who writes Wikipedia?">Who writes Wikipedia?</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="text-align:center;;width:1%"><a href="/web/20200413211606/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Reader%27s_index_to_Wikipedia" title="Wikipedia:Reader's index to Wikipedia">Help for readers</a> <abbr title="Concerns and questions readers may have about Wikipedia">(?)</abbr></th><td class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/web/20200413211606/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:FAQ/Readers" title="Wikipedia:FAQ/Readers">FAQ</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20200413211606/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Help:Copyright" title="Help:Copyright">Copyright</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20200413211606/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Help:Glossary" title="Help:Glossary">Glossary</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20200413211606/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Help:Mobile_access" title="Help:Mobile access">Mobile access</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20200413211606/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Help:Navigation" title="Help:Navigation">Navigation</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20200413211606/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Help:Other_languages" title="Help:Other languages">Other languages</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20200413211606/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Help:Searching" title="Help:Searching">Searching</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20200413211606/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Help:Student_help" title="Help:Student help">Students</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20200413211606/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Help:Viewing_media" title="Help:Viewing media">Viewing media</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="text-align:center;;width:1%"><a href="/web/20200413211606/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Contributing_to_Wikipedia" title="Wikipedia:Contributing to Wikipedia">Contributing<br/>to Wikipedia</a> <abbr title="Overviews and resources needed to comprehend, comment on, and edit">(?)</abbr></th><td class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/web/20200413211606/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Guidance_for_younger_editors" title="Wikipedia:Guidance for younger editors">Advice for young editors</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20200413211606/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Avoiding_common_mistakes" title="Wikipedia:Avoiding common mistakes">Avoiding common mistakes</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20200413211606/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Etiquette" title="Wikipedia:Etiquette">Etiquette</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20200413211606/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Simplified_Manual_of_Style" title="Wikipedia:Simplified Manual of Style">Simplified Manual of Style</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20200413211606/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Simplified_ruleset" title="Wikipedia:Simplified ruleset">Simplified rule-set</a> <ul><li><a href="/web/20200413211606/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Ignore_all_rules" title="Wikipedia:Ignore all rules">"Ignore all rules"</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20200413211606/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:The_rules_are_principles" title="Wikipedia:The rules are principles">"The rules are principles"</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/web/20200413211606/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Styletips" title="Wikipedia:Styletips">Style-tips</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20200413211606/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Tip_of_the_day" title="Wikipedia:Tip of the day">Tip of the day</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20200413211606/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Help:Talk_pages" title="Help:Talk pages">Your first article</a> (<a href="/web/20200413211606/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Article_wizard" title="Wikipedia:Article wizard">article wizard</a>)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="text-align:center;;width:1%"><a href="/web/20200413211606/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Help:Getting_started" title="Help:Getting started">Getting started</a> <abbr title="Introductions and tutorials">(?)</abbr></th><td class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/web/20200413211606/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Why_create_an_account%3F" title="Wikipedia:Why create an account?">Why create an account?</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20200413211606/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Help:Introduction" title="Help:Introduction">Brief introductions by topic</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20200413211606/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:The_Wikipedia_Adventure" title="Wikipedia:The Wikipedia Adventure">The Wikipedia Adventure</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20200413211606/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Help:Wikipedia:_The_Missing_Manual" title="Help:Wikipedia: The Missing Manual">Missing Manual</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20200413211606/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Tutorial" title="Wikipedia:Tutorial">Tutorial</a> <ul><li><a href="/web/20200413211606/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Graphics_tutorials" title="Wikipedia:Graphics tutorials">Graphics tutorials</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20200413211606/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Help:Pictures" title="Help:Pictures">Picture tutorial</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20200413211606/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:IRC/Tutorial" title="Wikipedia:IRC/Tutorial">IRC <span style="font-size:90%;">(live chat)</span> tutorial</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/web/20200413211606/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:VisualEditor/User_guide" title="Wikipedia:VisualEditor/User guide">VisualEditor user guide</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="text-align:center;;width:1%"><a href="/web/20200413211606/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Dos_and_don%27ts" title="Wikipedia:Dos and don'ts">Dos and don'ts</a> <abbr title="Wikipedia policies, guidelines, and formatting standards in bullet points">(?)</abbr></th><td class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/web/20200413211606/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Accessibility_dos_and_don%27ts" title="Wikipedia:Accessibility dos and don'ts">Accessibility</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20200413211606/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Biography_dos_and_don%27ts" title="Wikipedia:Biography dos and don'ts">Biographies</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20200413211606/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Biographies_of_living_persons_dos_and_don%27ts" title="Wikipedia:Biographies of living persons dos and don'ts">Biographies (living)</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20200413211606/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Categorization_dos_and_don%27ts" title="Wikipedia:Categorization dos and don'ts">Categorization</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20200413211606/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Consensus_dos_and_don%27ts" title="Wikipedia:Consensus dos and don'ts">Consensus</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20200413211606/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Talk_dos_and_don%27ts" title="Wikipedia:Talk dos and don'ts">Discussions</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20200413211606/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Disambiguation_dos_and_don%27ts" title="Wikipedia:Disambiguation dos and don'ts">Disambiguation</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20200413211606/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Image_dos_and_don%27ts" title="Wikipedia:Image dos and don'ts">Images</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20200413211606/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Lead_dos_and_don%27ts" title="Wikipedia:Lead dos and don'ts">Leads</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20200413211606/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Linking_dos_and_don%27ts" title="Wikipedia:Linking dos and don'ts">Links</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20200413211606/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:List_dos_and_don%27ts" title="Wikipedia:List dos and don'ts">Lists</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20200413211606/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:References_dos_and_don%27ts" title="Wikipedia:References dos and don'ts">References</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20200413211606/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Table_dos_and_don%27ts" title="Wikipedia:Table dos and don'ts">Tables</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20200413211606/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Article_title_dos_and_don%27ts" title="Wikipedia:Article title dos and don'ts">Titles (of articles)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="text-align:center;;width:1%"><a href="/web/20200413211606/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Category:Wikipedia_how-to" title="Category:Wikipedia how-to">How-to pages</a> and<br/><a href="/web/20200413211606/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Category:Wikipedia_information_pages" title="Category:Wikipedia information pages">information pages</a> <abbr title="Topic specific informative and instructional pages">(?)</abbr></th><td class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/web/20200413211606/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Guide_to_appealing_blocks" title="Wikipedia:Guide to appealing blocks">Appealing blocks</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20200413211606/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Guide_to_deletion" title="Wikipedia:Guide to deletion">Article deletion</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20200413211606/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Help:Category" title="Help:Category">Categories</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20200413211606/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Help:Citations_quick_reference" title="Help:Citations quick reference">Citations/references</a> <ul><li><a href="/web/20200413211606/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Help:Referencing_for_beginners" title="Help:Referencing for beginners">Referencing for beginners</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20200413211606/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Help:Citation_Style_1" title="Help:Citation Style 1">Citation Style 1</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20200413211606/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Help:Cite_errors" title="Help:Cite errors">Cite errors</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20200413211606/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Help:References_and_page_numbers" title="Help:References and page numbers">References and page numbers</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/web/20200413211606/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Help:Convert" title="Help:Convert">Convert</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20200413211606/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Help:Diff" title="Help:Diff">Diff</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20200413211606/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Help:Editing" title="Help:Editing">Editing</a> <ul><li><a href="/web/20200413211606/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Help:Minor_edit" title="Help:Minor edit">Minor edit</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20200413211606/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Help:Edit_toolbar" title="Help:Edit toolbar">toolbar</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20200413211606/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Help:Edit_conflict" title="Help:Edit conflict">edit conflict</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/web/20200413211606/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Help:Find_sources" title="Help:Find sources">Find sources</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20200413211606/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Help:Files" title="Help:Files">Files</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20200413211606/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Help:Footnotes" title="Help:Footnotes">Footnotes</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20200413211606/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Guide_to_image_deletion" title="Wikipedia:Guide to image deletion">Image deletion</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20200413211606/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Help:Infobox" title="Help:Infobox">Infoboxes</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20200413211606/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Help:Link" title="Help:Link">Linking</a> (<a href="/web/20200413211606/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Help:Link_color" title="Help:Link color">link color</a>)</li> <li><a href="/web/20200413211606/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Help:Logging_in" title="Help:Logging in">Logging in</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20200413211606/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Merging" title="Wikipedia:Merging">Merging</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20200413211606/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Help:Page_name" title="Help:Page name">Page name</a> <ul><li><a href="/web/20200413211606/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Help:How_to_move_a_page" title="Help:How to move a page">Renaming pages</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/web/20200413211606/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Help:Redirect" title="Help:Redirect">Redirect</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20200413211606/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Help:Reset_password" title="Help:Reset password">Passwords</a> <ul><li><a href="/web/20200413211606/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Help:Email_confirmation" title="Help:Email confirmation">Email confirmation</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/web/20200413211606/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Help:Reverting" title="Help:Reverting">Reverting</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20200413211606/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Help:Talk_pages" title="Help:Talk pages">Talk pages</a> (<a href="/web/20200413211606/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Help:Archiving_a_talk_page" title="Help:Archiving a talk page">archiving</a>)</li> <li><a href="/web/20200413211606/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Help:User_contributions" title="Help:User contributions">User contributions</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20200413211606/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:User_page_design_center" title="Wikipedia:User page design center">User page design center</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="text-align:center;;width:1%"><a href="/web/20200413211606/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wiki_markup" class="mw-redirect" title="Wiki markup">Coding</a> <abbr title="Wikitext information consists of the syntax used to format a page">(?)</abbr></th><td class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Wiki markup</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20200413211606/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Help:Barchart" title="Help:Barchart">Barcharts</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20200413211606/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Help:Calculation" title="Help:Calculation">Calculations</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20200413211606/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Help:Special_characters" title="Help:Special characters">Characters</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20200413211606/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Help:Columns" title="Help:Columns">Columns</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20200413211606/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Hidden_text" title="Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Hidden text">Hidden text</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20200413211606/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Help:HTML_in_wikitext" title="Help:HTML in wikitext">HTML</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20200413211606/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Help:List" title="Help:List">Lists</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20200413211606/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Help:Magic_words" title="Help:Magic words">Magic words</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20200413211606/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Help:Musical_symbols" title="Help:Musical symbols">Music symbols</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20200413211606/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Help:Section" title="Help:Section">Sections</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20200413211606/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Help:Sound_file_markup" title="Help:Sound file markup">Sounds</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20200413211606/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Help:Table" title="Help:Table">Tables</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20200413211606/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Help:Template" title="Help:Template">Templates</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20200413211606/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Transclusion" title="Wikipedia:Transclusion">Transclusion</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20200413211606/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Help:URL" title="Help:URL">URL</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20200413211606/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Help:Visual_file_markup" title="Help:Visual file markup">Visual files</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="text-align:center;;width:1%"><a href="/web/20200413211606/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Directories_and_indexes" title="Wikipedia:Directories and indexes">Directories</a> <abbr title="Wikipedia's directories and indexes">(?)</abbr></th><td class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/web/20200413211606/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Wikipedia_abbreviations" title="Wikipedia:Wikipedia abbreviations">Abbreviations</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20200413211606/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Contents" title="Wikipedia:Contents">Contents</a> <small>(Encyclopedia proper)</small></li> <li><a href="/web/20200413211606/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Department_directory" title="Wikipedia:Department directory">Departments</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20200413211606/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Editor%27s_index_to_Wikipedia" title="Wikipedia:Editor's index to Wikipedia">Editor's index</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20200413211606/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Essay_directory" title="Wikipedia:Essay directory">Essays</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20200413211606/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:FAQ/Index" title="Wikipedia:FAQ/Index">FAQs</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20200413211606/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Glossary" title="Wikipedia:Glossary">Glossary</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20200413211606/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:List_of_guidelines" title="Wikipedia:List of guidelines">Guidelines</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20200413211606/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Contents" title="Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Contents">Manual of Style </a></li> <li><a href="/web/20200413211606/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:List_of_policies" title="Wikipedia:List of policies">Policies</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20200413211606/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Maintenance" title="Wikipedia:Maintenance">Tasks</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20200413211606/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Tips" title="Wikipedia:Tips">Tips</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20200413211606/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Tools" title="Wikipedia:Tools">Tools</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2" style="text-align:center;"><div><span class="noprint plainlinks" title="Edit Special:MyTalk"><a class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200413211606/https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:MyTalk&action=edit&section=new&preload=Help:Contents/helpmepreload&preloadtitle=Help+me%21"><b>Ask for help on your talk page</b></a></span> <b><abbr title="If you need help, you can use this link to ask a question on your talk page; a volunteer will visit you there shortly!">(?)</abbr></b></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Wikipedia_technical_help" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2" style="text-align: center;"><div class="plainlinks hlist navbar mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/web/20200413211606/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Template:Wikipedia_technical_help" title="Template:Wikipedia technical help"><abbr title="View this template" style="text-align: center;;;background:none transparent;border:none;-moz-box-shadow:none;-webkit-box-shadow:none;box-shadow:none; padding:0;">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/web/20200413211606/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Template_talk:Wikipedia_technical_help" title="Template talk:Wikipedia technical help"><abbr title="Discuss this template" style="text-align: center;;;background:none transparent;border:none;-moz-box-shadow:none;-webkit-box-shadow:none;box-shadow:none; padding:0;">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200413211606/https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Template:Wikipedia_technical_help&action=edit"><abbr title="Edit this template" style="text-align: center;;;background:none transparent;border:none;-moz-box-shadow:none;-webkit-box-shadow:none;box-shadow:none; padding:0;">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Wikipedia_technical_help" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/web/20200413211606/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Help:Directory#Technical_help" title="Help:Directory">Wikipedia technical help</a></div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2" style="text-align: center;"><div id="Get_personal_technical_help_at_the_Teahouse,_Help_desk,_Village_pump_(technical),_talk_pages_or_IRC."><b>Get personal technical help at <a href="/web/20200413211606/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Teahouse" title="Wikipedia:Teahouse">the Teahouse</a>, <a href="/web/20200413211606/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Help_desk" title="Wikipedia:Help desk">Help desk</a>, <a href="/web/20200413211606/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Village_pump_(technical)" title="Wikipedia:Village pump (technical)">Village pump (technical)</a>, <a href="/web/20200413211606/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Help:Introduction_to_talk_pages/1" title="Help:Introduction to talk pages/1">talk pages</a> or <a href="/web/20200413211606/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:IRC" title="Wikipedia:IRC">IRC</a>.</b></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="text-align: center;;width:1%"><a href="/web/20200413211606/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:FAQ/Technical" title="Wikipedia:FAQ/Technical">General technical<br/>help</a></th><td class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/web/20200413211606/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Help:Editing" title="Help:Editing">Editing</a> <ul><li><a href="/web/20200413211606/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Help:Edit_toolbar" title="Help:Edit toolbar">Edit toolbar</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20200413211606/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Help:CharInsert" title="Help:CharInsert">CharInsert</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20200413211606/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Help:Edit_conflict" title="Help:Edit conflict">Edit conflict</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20200413211606/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Help:Reverting" title="Help:Reverting">Reverting</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/web/20200413211606/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:VisualEditor" title="Wikipedia:VisualEditor">VisualEditor</a> <ul><li><a href="/web/20200413211606/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:VisualEditor/User_guide" title="Wikipedia:VisualEditor/User guide">User guide</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/web/20200413211606/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:How_to_create_a_page" title="Wikipedia:How to create a page">Create a page</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20200413211606/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Help:Page_history" title="Help:Page history">Page history</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20200413211606/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Help:Page_information" title="Help:Page information">Page information</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20200413211606/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Page_name" title="Wikipedia:Page name">Page name</a> <ul><li><a href="/web/20200413211606/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Help:Page_name" title="Help:Page name">Introduction</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/web/20200413211606/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Browser_notes" title="Wikipedia:Browser notes">Browser notes</a> <ul><li><a href="/web/20200413211606/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Keyboard_shortcuts" title="Wikipedia:Keyboard shortcuts">Keyboard shortcuts</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20200413211606/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Troubleshooting" title="Wikipedia:Troubleshooting">Troubleshooting</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20200413211606/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Bypass_your_cache" title="Wikipedia:Bypass your cache">Bypass cache</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/web/20200413211606/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Help:Mobile_access" title="Help:Mobile access">Mobile access</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20200413211606/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Help:Multilingual_support" title="Help:Multilingual support">Multilingual support</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20200413211606/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Help:Special_characters" title="Help:Special characters">Special Characters</a> <ul><li><a href="/web/20200413211606/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Help:Entering_special_characters" title="Help:Entering special characters">Entering</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/web/20200413211606/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Help:Printing" title="Help:Printing">Printing</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20200413211606/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:User_access_levels" title="Wikipedia:User access levels">User access levels</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20200413211606/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Software_notices" title="Wikipedia:Software notices">Software notices</a> <ul><li><a href="/web/20200413211606/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Editnotice" title="Wikipedia:Editnotice">Editnotice</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/web/20200413211606/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:IRC" title="Wikipedia:IRC">IRC</a> <ul><li><a href="/web/20200413211606/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:IRC/Tutorial" title="Wikipedia:IRC/Tutorial">Tutorial</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="text-align: center;;width:1%"><a href="/web/20200413211606/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:SpecialPages" title="Special:SpecialPages">Special page</a> related</th><td class="navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/web/20200413211606/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Help:Special_page" title="Help:Special page">Special page help</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20200413211606/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Help:Searching" title="Help:Searching">Searching</a> <ul><li><a href="/web/20200413211606/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Help:Linksearch" title="Help:Linksearch">Linksearch</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/web/20200413211606/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Help:Logging_in" title="Help:Logging in">Logging in</a> <ul><li><a href="/web/20200413211606/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Help:Reset_password" title="Help:Reset password">Reset passwords</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/web/20200413211606/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Help:Notifications" title="Help:Notifications">Notifications/Echo</a> <ul><li><a href="/web/20200413211606/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Help:Notifications/FAQ" title="Help:Notifications/FAQ">FAQ</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/web/20200413211606/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Moving_a_page" title="Wikipedia:Moving a page">Moving a page</a> <ul><li><a href="/web/20200413211606/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Administrators%27_guide/Fixing_cut-and-paste_moves" title="Wikipedia:Administrators' guide/Fixing cut-and-paste moves">Fixing cut-and-paste moves</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/web/20200413211606/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Help:Watchlist" title="Help:Watchlist">Watching pages</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20200413211606/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Help:User_contributions" title="Help:User contributions">User contributions</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20200413211606/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Emailing_users" title="Wikipedia:Emailing users">Emailing users</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20200413211606/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Random" title="Wikipedia:Random">Random pages</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20200413211606/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Help:Log" title="Help:Log">Logs</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20200413211606/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Help:What_links_here" title="Help:What links here">What links here</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20200413211606/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Help:Related_changes" title="Help:Related changes">Related changes</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20200413211606/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Help:Recent_changes" title="Help:Recent changes">Recent changes</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20200413211606/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Pending_changes" title="Wikipedia:Pending changes">Pending changes</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20200413211606/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Page_Curation/Help" title="Wikipedia:Page Curation/Help">Page Curation</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20200413211606/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Help:Import" title="Help:Import">Page import</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20200413211606/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Edit_filter" title="Wikipedia:Edit filter">Edit filter</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20200413211606/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Tags" title="Wikipedia:Tags">Tags</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="text-align: center;;width:1%"><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Wikitext</a></th><td class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Wikitext main page</a> <ul><li><a href="/web/20200413211606/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Help:Cheatsheet" title="Help:Cheatsheet">Cheatsheet</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/web/20200413211606/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Help:Using_colours" title="Help:Using colours">Colours use</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20200413211606/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Help:Columns" title="Help:Columns">Columns</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20200413211606/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Help:Line-break_handling" title="Help:Line-break handling">Line-break handling</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20200413211606/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Help:List" title="Help:List">Lists</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20200413211606/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Help:Magic_words" title="Help:Magic words">Magic words</a> <ul><li><a href="/web/20200413211606/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Help:Magic_words_for_beginners" title="Help:Magic words for beginners">For beginners</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20200413211606/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Help:Conditional_expressions" title="Help:Conditional expressions">Conditional expressions</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20200413211606/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Help:Switch_parser_function" title="Help:Switch parser function">Switch parser function</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20200413211606/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Help:Time_function" title="Help:Time function">Time function</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/web/20200413211606/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Help:Redirect" title="Help:Redirect">Redirects</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20200413211606/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Help:Section" title="Help:Section">Sections and TOCs</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20200413211606/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Help:Table" title="Help:Table">Tables</a> <ul><li><a href="/web/20200413211606/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Help:Introduction_to_tables_with_Wiki_Markup/1" title="Help:Introduction to tables with Wiki Markup/1">Introduction</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20200413211606/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Help:Basic_table_markup" title="Help:Basic table markup">Basics</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20200413211606/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Help:Conditional_tables" title="Help:Conditional tables">Conditional tables</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20200413211606/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Help:Sorting" title="Help:Sorting">Sorting</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20200413211606/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Help:Collapsing" title="Help:Collapsing">Collapsing</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20200413211606/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Advanced_table_formatting" title="Wikipedia:Advanced table formatting">Advanced table formatting</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="text-align: center;;width:1%"><a href="/web/20200413211606/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Help:Link" title="Help:Link">Links</a> and <a href="/web/20200413211606/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Help:Diff" title="Help:Diff">diffs</a></th><td class="navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/web/20200413211606/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Help:URL" title="Help:URL">URLs</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20200413211606/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Help:Link" title="Help:Link">Links</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20200413211606/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Help:Permanent_link" title="Help:Permanent link">Permanent link</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20200413211606/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Help:Interwikimedia_links" title="Help:Interwikimedia links">Interwikimedia links</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20200413211606/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Help:Interlanguage_links" title="Help:Interlanguage links">Interlanguage links</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20200413211606/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Help:Link_color" title="Help:Link color">Link color</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20200413211606/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Help:Pipe_trick" title="Help:Pipe trick">Pipe trick</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20200413211606/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Help:Colon_trick" title="Help:Colon trick">Colon trick</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20200413211606/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Help:Magic_links" title="Help:Magic links">Magic links</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20200413211606/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Help:Diff" title="Help:Diff">Diffs</a> <ul><li><a href="/web/20200413211606/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Simplest_diff_guide" title="Wikipedia:Simplest diff guide">Simplest diff guide</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20200413211606/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Simple_diff_and_link_guide" title="Wikipedia:Simple diff and link guide">Simple diff and link guide</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20200413211606/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Complete_diff_and_link_guide" title="Wikipedia:Complete diff and link guide">Complete diff and link guide</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="text-align: center;;width:1%">Media files: images,<br/>videos and sounds</th><td class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/web/20200413211606/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Help:Media" title="Help:Media">Media help</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20200413211606/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Help:Options_to_hide_an_image" title="Help:Options to hide an image">Options to hide an image</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20200413211606/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Uploading_images" title="Wikipedia:Uploading images">Uploading images</a> <ul><li><a href="/web/20200413211606/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Help:Introduction_to_images_with_Wiki_Markup/1" title="Help:Introduction to images with Wiki Markup/1">Introduction</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/web/20200413211606/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Help:Files" title="Help:Files">Files</a> <ul><li><a href="/web/20200413211606/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Help:Creation_and_usage_of_media_files" title="Help:Creation and usage of media files">Creation and usage</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20200413211606/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Moving_files_to_Commons" title="Wikipedia:Moving files to Commons">Moving files to Commons</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/web/20200413211606/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Help:Visual_file_markup" title="Help:Visual file markup">Visual file markup</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20200413211606/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Images" title="Wikipedia:Images">Images</a> <ul><li><a href="/web/20200413211606/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Preparing_images_for_upload" title="Wikipedia:Preparing images for upload">Preparing images for upload</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20200413211606/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Help:Pictures" title="Help:Pictures">Picture tutorial</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20200413211606/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Extended_image_syntax" title="Wikipedia:Extended image syntax">Extended image syntax</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/web/20200413211606/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Help:Gallery_tag" title="Help:Gallery tag">Gallery tag</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20200413211606/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Graphics_tutorials" title="Wikipedia:Graphics tutorials">Graphics tutorials</a> <ul><li><a href="/web/20200413211606/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Basic_bitmap_image_editing" title="Wikipedia:Basic bitmap image editing">Basic bitmap image editing</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20200413211606/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:How_to_improve_image_quality" title="Wikipedia:How to improve image quality">How to improve image quality</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/web/20200413211606/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Graphics_Lab/Resources" title="Wikipedia:Graphics Lab/Resources">Graphics Lab resources</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20200413211606/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Help:Sound_file_markup" title="Help:Sound file markup">Sound file markup</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20200413211606/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:SVG_help" title="Wikipedia:SVG help">SVG help</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="text-align: center;;width:1%">Other graphics</th><td class="navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/web/20200413211606/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Help:Family_trees" title="Help:Family trees">Family trees</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20200413211606/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Graphs_and_charts" title="Wikipedia:Graphs and charts">Graphs and charts</a> <ul><li><a href="/web/20200413211606/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:How_to_create_charts_for_Wikipedia_articles" title="Wikipedia:How to create charts for Wikipedia articles">How to create</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20200413211606/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:To_scale_charts" title="Wikipedia:To scale charts">To scale charts</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20200413211606/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Help:Barchart" title="Help:Barchart">Barcharts</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/web/20200413211606/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Help:Displaying_a_formula" title="Help:Displaying a formula">Math formula</a> <ul><li><a href="/web/20200413211606/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Mathematical_symbols" title="Wikipedia:Mathematical symbols">Math symbols</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20200413211606/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Rendering_math" title="Wikipedia:Rendering math">Rendering math</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20200413211606/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:LaTeX_symbols" title="Wikipedia:LaTeX symbols">LaTeX symbols</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/web/20200413211606/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Help:Score" title="Help:Score">Musical scores</a> <ul><li><a href="/web/20200413211606/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Help:Musical_symbols" title="Help:Musical symbols">Musical symbols</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/web/20200413211606/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Timeline" title="Wikipedia:Timeline">Timeline</a> <ul><li><a href="/web/20200413211606/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Help:EasyTimeline_syntax" title="Help:EasyTimeline syntax">EasyTimeline syntax</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/web/20200413211606/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Help:WikiHiero_syntax" title="Help:WikiHiero syntax">WikiHiero syntax</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="text-align: center;;width:1%"><a href="/web/20200413211606/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Help:A_quick_guide_to_templates" title="Help:A quick guide to templates">Templates</a><br/>and <a href="/web/20200413211606/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lua_(programming_language)" title="Lua (programming language)">Lua</a> modules</th><td class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/web/20200413211606/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Help:Template" title="Help:Template">Templates</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20200413211606/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Template_index" title="Wikipedia:Template index">Template index</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20200413211606/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_templates" title="Wikipedia:Citation templates">Citation templates</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20200413211606/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Transclusion" title="Wikipedia:Transclusion">Transclusion</a> <ul><li><a href="/web/20200413211606/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Help:Labeled_section_transclusion" title="Help:Labeled section transclusion">Labeled section</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/web/20200413211606/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Help:Substitution" title="Help:Substitution">Substitution</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20200413211606/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Advanced_template_coding" title="Wikipedia:Advanced template coding">Advanced template coding</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20200413211606/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Template_limits" title="Wikipedia:Template limits">Template limits</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20200413211606/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Template_sandbox_and_test_cases" title="Wikipedia:Template sandbox and test cases">Template sandbox and test cases</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20200413211606/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Template_documentation" title="Wikipedia:Template documentation">Template documentation</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20200413211606/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Purge" title="Wikipedia:Purge">Purge</a> <ul><li><a href="/web/20200413211606/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Help:Job_queue" title="Help:Job queue">Job queue</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/web/20200413211606/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Help:Lua" title="Help:Lua">Lua help</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20200413211606/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Lua" title="Wikipedia:Lua">Lua project</a> <ul><li><a href="/web/20200413211606/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Lua/To_do" title="Wikipedia:Lua/To do">To do</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20200413211606/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Lua/Resources" title="Wikipedia:Lua/Resources">Resources</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/web/20200413211606/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Guide_to_Scribbling" title="Wikipedia:Guide to Scribbling">Guide to Scribbling</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="text-align: center;;width:1%"><a href="/web/20200413211606/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Administration#Data_structure_and_development" title="Wikipedia:Administration">Data structure </a></th><td class="navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/web/20200413211606/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Namespace" title="Wikipedia:Namespace">Namespaces</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20200413211606/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:What_is_an_article%3F" title="Wikipedia:What is an article?">Main/Article</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20200413211606/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Help:Talk_pages" title="Help:Talk pages">Talk namespaces</a> <ul><li><a href="/web/20200413211606/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Help:Archiving_a_talk_page" title="Help:Archiving a talk page">Archiving</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/web/20200413211606/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:User_pages" title="Wikipedia:User pages">User</a> <ul><li><a href="/web/20200413211606/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:User_page_design_center" title="Wikipedia:User page design center">User page design</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/web/20200413211606/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Project_namespace" title="Wikipedia:Project namespace">Project/Wikipedia</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20200413211606/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Help:Files" title="Help:Files">File</a> <ul><li><a href="/web/20200413211606/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Help:File_description_page" title="Help:File description page">File description page</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/web/20200413211606/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Help:MediaWiki_namespace" title="Help:MediaWiki namespace">MediaWiki</a> <ul><li><a href="/web/20200413211606/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Bug_reports_and_feature_requests" title="Wikipedia:Bug reports and feature requests">Bug reports and feature requests</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20200413211606/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Help:System_message" title="Help:System message">System message</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/web/20200413211606/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Template_namespace" title="Wikipedia:Template namespace">Template</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20200413211606/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Help_namespace" title="Wikipedia:Help namespace">Help</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20200413211606/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Help:Category" title="Help:Category">Category</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20200413211606/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Portal/Guidelines" title="Wikipedia:Portal/Guidelines">Portal</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20200413211606/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Drafts" title="Wikipedia:Drafts">Draft</a></li> <li><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200413211606/https://www.mediawiki.org/wiki/Extension:TimedMediaHandler" class="extiw" title="mw:Extension:TimedMediaHandler">TimedText</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20200413211606/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Lua" title="Wikipedia:Lua">Module/Lua</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20200413211606/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Help:Special_page" title="Help:Special page">Special</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="text-align: center;;width:1%"><a href="/web/20200413211606/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/HTML" title="HTML">HTML</a> and <a href="/web/20200413211606/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cascading_Style_Sheets" title="Cascading Style Sheets">CSS</a></th><td class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/web/20200413211606/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Help:HTML_in_wikitext" title="Help:HTML in wikitext">HTML in wikitext</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20200413211606/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Help:Markup_validation" title="Help:Markup validation">Markup validation</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20200413211606/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Span_tags" title="Wikipedia:Span tags">Span tags</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20200413211606/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Help:Cascading_Style_Sheets" title="Help:Cascading Style Sheets">Cascading Style Sheets</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20200413211606/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Catalogue_of_CSS_classes" title="Wikipedia:Catalogue of CSS classes">Catalogue of CSS classes</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20200413211606/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Help:Useful_styles" title="Help:Useful styles">Useful styles</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20200413211606/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:WikiProject_Microformats/classes" title="Wikipedia:WikiProject Microformats/classes">Classes used in microformats</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20200413211606/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Classes_in_Ambox" title="Wikipedia:Classes in Ambox">Ambox classes</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20200413211606/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Common.js_and_common.css" title="Wikipedia:Common.js and common.css">Common.js and common.css</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20200413211606/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Template:Mxt/User_CSS_for_a_monospaced_coding_font" title="Template:Mxt/User CSS for a monospaced coding font">User CSS for monospaced coding font</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="text-align: center;;width:1%"><a href="/web/20200413211606/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Customisation" title="Wikipedia:Customisation">Customisation</a> and tools</th><td class="navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/web/20200413211606/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Help:Preferences" title="Help:Preferences">Preferences</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20200413211606/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Skin" title="Wikipedia:Skin">Skins</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20200413211606/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Customizing_watchlists" title="Wikipedia:Customizing watchlists">Customizing watchlists</a> <ul><li><a href="/web/20200413211606/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Help:Hide_Pages_in_Watchlist" title="Help:Hide Pages in Watchlist">Hide pages</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/web/20200413211606/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Gadget" title="Wikipedia:Gadget">Gadgets</a></li> <li><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200413211606/https://www.mediawiki.org/wiki/Beta_Features" class="extiw" title="mw:Beta Features">Beta Features</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20200413211606/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:User_scripts" title="Wikipedia:User scripts">User scripts</a> <ul><li><a href="/web/20200413211606/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:User_scripts/Guide" title="Wikipedia:User scripts/Guide">Guide</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20200413211606/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:User_scripts/Techniques" title="Wikipedia:User scripts/Techniques">Techniques</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/web/20200413211606/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Scripts" title="Wikipedia:Scripts">IRC Scripts</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20200413211606/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Help:User_style" title="Help:User style">User styles</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20200413211606/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Tools" title="Wikipedia:Tools">Tools</a> <ul><li><a href="/web/20200413211606/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Tools/Navigation_shortcuts" title="Wikipedia:Tools/Navigation shortcuts">Navigation shortcuts</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20200413211606/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Tools/Browser_tools" title="Wikipedia:Tools/Browser tools">Browser tools</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20200413211606/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Tools/Alternative_browsing" title="Wikipedia:Tools/Alternative browsing">Alternative browsing</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20200413211606/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Tools/Editing_tools" title="Wikipedia:Tools/Editing tools">Editing tools</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20200413211606/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Tools/Optimum_tool_set" title="Wikipedia:Tools/Optimum tool set">Optimum tool set</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/web/20200413211606/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Cleaning_up_vandalism/Tools" title="Wikipedia:Cleaning up vandalism/Tools">Cleaning up vandalism tools</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20200413211606/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Help:Citation_tools" title="Help:Citation tools">Citation tools</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20200413211606/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Wikimedia_Cloud_Services" title="Wikipedia:Wikimedia Cloud Services">Wikimedia Cloud Services</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="text-align: center;;width:1%">Automating editing</th><td class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/web/20200413211606/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Bots" title="Wikipedia:Bots">Bots</a> <ul><li><a href="/web/20200413211606/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Help:Creating_a_bot" title="Help:Creating a bot">Creating</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/web/20200413211606/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Twinkle" title="Wikipedia:Twinkle">Twinkle</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20200413211606/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:HotCat" title="Wikipedia:HotCat">HotCat</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20200413211606/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:WPCleaner" title="Wikipedia:WPCleaner">WPCleaner</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20200413211606/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Igloo" title="Wikipedia:Igloo">igloo</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20200413211606/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:AutoWikiBrowser" title="Wikipedia:AutoWikiBrowser">AutoWikiBrowser</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20200413211606/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Tools/Navigation_popups" title="Wikipedia:Tools/Navigation popups">Navigation popups</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20200413211606/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:STiki" title="Wikipedia:STiki">STiki</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20200413211606/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:WikiProject_Articles_for_creation/Helper_script" title="Wikipedia:WikiProject Articles for creation/Helper script">AfC helper script</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20200413211606/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Huggle" title="Wikipedia:Huggle">Huggle</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2" style="text-align: center;"><div> <ul><li><b>See also: <a href="/web/20200413211606/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Category:Wikipedia_information_pages" title="Category:Wikipedia information pages">Category:Wikipedia information pages</a></b></li> <li><b><a href="/web/20200413211606/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Category:Wikipedia_how-to" title="Category:Wikipedia how-to">Category:Wikipedia how-to</a></b><br/>Further navigation at: <a href="/web/20200413211606/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Template:Wikipedia_help_pages" title="Template:Wikipedia help pages">Help pages</a> <ul><li><a href="/web/20200413211606/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Template:Administrators%27_guide" title="Template:Administrators' guide">Administrators</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/web/20200413211606/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Template:Wikipedia_templates" title="Template:Wikipedia templates">Templates</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20200413211606/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Template:Wikipedia_referencing" title="Template:Wikipedia referencing">Referencing</a> <ul><li><a href="/web/20200413211606/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Template:Citation_metadata_navbox" title="Template:Citation metadata navbox">Citation metadata</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/web/20200413211606/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:WikiProject_Accessibility/Navigation_menu" title="Wikipedia:WikiProject Accessibility/Navigation menu">Accessibility</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20200413211606/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Template:Botnav" title="Template:Botnav">Bots</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20200413211606/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:User_scripts/Navbox" title="Wikipedia:User scripts/Navbox">User scripts</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20200413211606/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Template:Wikipedia_accounts" title="Template:Wikipedia accounts">Accounts</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Toolbox" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div class="plainlinks hlist navbar mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/web/20200413211606/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Template:Tools" title="Template:Tools"><abbr title="View this template" style=";;background:none transparent;border:none;-moz-box-shadow:none;-webkit-box-shadow:none;box-shadow:none; padding:0;">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/web/20200413211606/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Template_talk:Tools" title="Template talk:Tools"><abbr title="Discuss this template" style=";;background:none transparent;border:none;-moz-box-shadow:none;-webkit-box-shadow:none;box-shadow:none; padding:0;">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200413211606/https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Template:Tools&action=edit"><abbr title="Edit this template" style=";;background:none transparent;border:none;-moz-box-shadow:none;-webkit-box-shadow:none;box-shadow:none; padding:0;">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Toolbox" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Toolbox</div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/web/20200413211606/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Template_index" title="Wikipedia:Template index">Templates</a></th><td class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Welcome</th><td class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li>{{<a href="/web/20200413211606/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Help:Substitution" title="Help:Substitution">subst</a>:<a href="/web/20200413211606/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Template:Welcome" title="Template:Welcome">Welcome</a>}}</li> <li>{{<a href="/web/20200413211606/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Help:Substitution" title="Help:Substitution">subst</a>:<a href="/web/20200413211606/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Template:Welcomeh" title="Template:Welcomeh">Welcomeh</a>}}</li> <li>{{<a href="/web/20200413211606/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Help:Substitution" title="Help:Substitution">subst</a>:<a href="/web/20200413211606/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Template:Welcome-anon" title="Template:Welcome-anon">Welcome-anon</a>}}</li> <li>{{<a href="/web/20200413211606/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Help:Substitution" title="Help:Substitution">subst</a>:<a href="/web/20200413211606/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Template:W-graphical-anon" title="Template:W-graphical-anon">W-graphical-anon</a>}}</li> <li>{{<a href="/web/20200413211606/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Help:Substitution" title="Help:Substitution">subst</a>:<a href="/web/20200413211606/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Template:Welcome-anon-unconstructive" title="Template:Welcome-anon-unconstructive">Welcome-anon-unconstructive</a>}}</li> <li>{{<a href="/web/20200413211606/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Help:Substitution" title="Help:Substitution">subst</a>:<a href="/web/20200413211606/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Template:Welcome-anon-npov" title="Template:Welcome-anon-npov">Welcome-anon-npov</a>}}</li> <li>{{<a href="/web/20200413211606/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Help:Substitution" title="Help:Substitution">subst</a>:<a href="/web/20200413211606/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Template:Welcome-t" title="Template:Welcome-t">welcome-t</a>}}</li> <li>{{<a href="/web/20200413211606/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Help:Substitution" title="Help:Substitution">subst</a>:<a href="/web/20200413211606/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Template:Thanks" title="Template:Thanks">thanks</a>}}</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Vandalism</th><td class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li>{{<a href="/web/20200413211606/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Help:Substitution" title="Help:Substitution">subst</a>:<a href="/web/20200413211606/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Template:Uw-vandalism1" title="Template:Uw-vandalism1">uw-vandalism1</a>}}</li> <li>{{<a href="/web/20200413211606/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Help:Substitution" title="Help:Substitution">subst</a>:<a href="/web/20200413211606/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Template:Uw-vandalism2" title="Template:Uw-vandalism2">uw-vandalism2</a>}}</li> <li>{{<a href="/web/20200413211606/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Help:Substitution" title="Help:Substitution">subst</a>:<a href="/web/20200413211606/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Template:Uw-vandalism3" title="Template:Uw-vandalism3">uw-vandalism3</a>}}</li> <li>{{<a href="/web/20200413211606/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Help:Substitution" title="Help:Substitution">subst</a>:<a href="/web/20200413211606/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Template:Uw-vandalism4" title="Template:Uw-vandalism4">uw-vandalism4</a>}}</li> <li>{{<a href="/web/20200413211606/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Help:Substitution" title="Help:Substitution">subst</a>:<a href="/web/20200413211606/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Template:Uw-vandalism4im" title="Template:Uw-vandalism4im">uw-vandalism4im</a>}}</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Content removal</th><td class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li>{{<a href="/web/20200413211606/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Help:Substitution" title="Help:Substitution">subst</a>:<a href="/web/20200413211606/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Template:Uw-delete1" title="Template:Uw-delete1">uw-delete1</a>}}</li> <li>{{<a href="/web/20200413211606/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Help:Substitution" title="Help:Substitution">subst</a>:<a href="/web/20200413211606/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Template:Uw-delete2" title="Template:Uw-delete2">uw-delete2</a>}}</li> <li>{{<a href="/web/20200413211606/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Help:Substitution" title="Help:Substitution">subst</a>:<a href="/web/20200413211606/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Template:Uw-delete3" title="Template:Uw-delete3">uw-delete3</a>}}</li> <li>{{<a href="/web/20200413211606/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Help:Substitution" title="Help:Substitution">subst</a>:<a href="/web/20200413211606/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Template:Uw-delete4" title="Template:Uw-delete4">uw-delete4</a>}}</li> <li>{{<a href="/web/20200413211606/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Help:Substitution" title="Help:Substitution">subst</a>:<a href="/web/20200413211606/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Template:Uw-delete4im" title="Template:Uw-delete4im">uw-delete4im</a>}}</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Check</th><td class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li>{{<a href="/web/20200413211606/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Help:Substitution" title="Help:Substitution">subst</a>:<a href="/web/20200413211606/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Template:Copyvio" title="Template:Copyvio">Copyvio</a>}}</li> <li><span class="nowrap">{{<a href="/web/20200413211606/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Template:Db" title="Template:Db">Db</a>|...}}</span></li> <li>{{<a href="/web/20200413211606/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Template:Di-no_license" title="Template:Di-no license">Di-no license</a>}}</li> <li>{{<a href="/web/20200413211606/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Template:Di-no_source" title="Template:Di-no source">Di-no source</a>}}</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Dispute</th><td class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li>{{<a href="/web/20200413211606/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Template:Citation_needed" title="Template:Citation needed">Citation needed</a>}}</li> <li>{{<a href="/web/20200413211606/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Template:Controversial" title="Template:Controversial">Controversial</a>}}</li> <li>{{<a href="/web/20200413211606/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Template:Disputed" title="Template:Disputed">Disputed</a>}}</li> <li>{{<a href="/web/20200413211606/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Template:Fringe_theories" title="Template:Fringe theories">Fringe theories</a>}}</li> <li>{{<a href="/web/20200413211606/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Template:POV" title="Template:POV">POV</a>}}</li> <li>{{<a href="/web/20200413211606/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Template:Unreferenced_section" title="Template:Unreferenced section">Unreferenced section</a>}}</li> <li>{{<a href="/web/20200413211606/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Template:Advert" title="Template:Advert">Advert</a>}}</li> <li>{{<a href="/web/20200413211606/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Template:Multiple_issues" title="Template:Multiple issues">Multiple issues</a>}}</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Delete</th><td class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li>{{<a href="/web/20200413211606/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Help:Substitution" title="Help:Substitution">subst</a>:<a href="/web/20200413211606/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Template:Afd" class="mw-redirect" title="Template:Afd">afd</a>}}</li> <li>{{<a href="/web/20200413211606/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Help:Substitution" title="Help:Substitution">subst</a>:<a href="/web/20200413211606/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Template:Cfd" title="Template:Cfd">cfd</a>}}</li> <li>{{<a href="/web/20200413211606/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Template:Ffd" title="Template:Ffd">ffd</a>}}</li> <li>{{<a href="/web/20200413211606/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Template:Mfd" title="Template:Mfd">mfd</a>}}</li> <li>{{<a href="/web/20200413211606/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Help:Substitution" title="Help:Substitution">subst</a>:<a href="/web/20200413211606/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Template:Rfd" title="Template:Rfd">rfd</a>}}</li> <li>{{<a href="/web/20200413211606/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Help:Substitution" title="Help:Substitution">subst</a>:<a href="/web/20200413211606/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Template:Tfd" class="mw-redirect" title="Template:Tfd">tfd</a>}}</li> <li>{{<a href="/web/20200413211606/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Help:Substitution" title="Help:Substitution">subst</a>:<a href="/web/20200413211606/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Template:Proposed_deletion" title="Template:Proposed deletion">proposed deletion</a>}}</li></ul> 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href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200413211606/https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%D8%B3%D8%A7%D8%B9%D8%AF%D8%A9:%D9%86%D8%B5_%D9%88%D9%8A%D9%83%D9%8A" title="مساعدة:نص ويكي – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" class="interlanguage-link-target">العربية</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az"><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200413211606/https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vikipediya:Vikil%C9%99%C5%9Fdirm%C9%99" title="Vikipediya:Vikiləşdirmə – Azerbaijani" lang="az" hreflang="az" class="interlanguage-link-target">Azərbaycanca</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-azb"><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200413211606/https://azb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%88%DB%8C%DA%A9%DB%8C%E2%80%8C%D9%BE%D8%AF%D9%8A%D8%A7:%D9%88%DB%8C%DA%A9%DB%8C%E2%80%8C%D9%84%D8%B4%D8%AF%DB%8C%D8%B1%D9%85%D9%87" title="ویکی‌پديا:ویکی‌لشدیرمه – South Azerbaijani" lang="azb" hreflang="azb" class="interlanguage-link-target">تۆرکجه</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn"><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200413211606/https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%B8%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%B9%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%AF%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%AF:%E0%A6%AE%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%B0%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%95%E0%A6%86%E0%A6%AA" title="সাহায্য:মার্কআপ – Bangla" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" class="interlanguage-link-target">বাংলা</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ba"><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200413211606/https://ba.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%92%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%BF%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%B8%D1%8F:%D0%92%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%BB%D0%B0%D1%88%D1%82%D1%8B%D1%80%D1%8B%D1%83" title="Википедия:Викилаштырыу – Bashkir" lang="ba" hreflang="ba" class="interlanguage-link-target">Башҡортса</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be"><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200413211606/https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%92%D1%96%D0%BA%D1%96%D0%BF%D0%B5%D0%B4%D1%8B%D1%8F:%D0%92%D1%96%D0%BA%D1%96%D1%84%D1%96%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%86%D1%8B%D1%8F" title="Вікіпедыя:Вікіфікацыя – Belarusian" lang="be" hreflang="be" class="interlanguage-link-target">Беларуская</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bh"><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200413211606/https://bh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%A6%E0%A4%A6:%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%BF_%E0%A4%AA%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%A0" title="मदद:विकि पाठ – Bhojpuri" lang="bh" hreflang="bh" class="interlanguage-link-target">भोजपुरी</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca"><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200413211606/https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ajuda:Sintaxi_wiki" title="Ajuda:Sintaxi wiki – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" class="interlanguage-link-target">Català</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cv"><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200413211606/https://cv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%92%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%BF%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%B8:%D0%92%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B8" title="Википеди:Викилени – Chuvash" lang="cv" hreflang="cv" class="interlanguage-link-target">Чӑвашла</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs"><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200413211606/https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/N%C3%A1pov%C4%9Bda:Form%C3%A1tov%C3%A1n%C3%AD_textu" title="Nápověda:Formátování textu – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" class="interlanguage-link-target">Čeština</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-se"><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200413211606/https://se.wikipedia.org/wiki/Veahkki:Wikipedia_kodat" title="Veahkki:Wikipedia kodat – Northern Sami" lang="se" hreflang="se" class="interlanguage-link-target">Davvisámegiella</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de"><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200413211606/https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hilfe:Textgestaltung" title="Hilfe:Textgestaltung – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" class="interlanguage-link-target">Deutsch</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-dsb"><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200413211606/https://dsb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pomoc:Format%C4%9Browa%C5%9B" title="Pomoc:Formatěrowaś – Lower Sorbian" lang="dsb" hreflang="dsb" class="interlanguage-link-target">Dolnoserbski</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el"><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200413211606/https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%92%CE%BF%CE%AE%CE%B8%CE%B5%CE%B9%CE%B1:%CE%9A%CF%8E%CE%B4%CE%B9%CE%BA%CE%B1%CF%82_wiki" title="Βοήθεια:Κώδικας wiki – Greek" lang="el" hreflang="el" class="interlanguage-link-target">Ελληνικά</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es"><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200413211606/https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ayuda:Edici%C3%B3n" title="Ayuda:Edición – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" class="interlanguage-link-target">Español</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo"><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200413211606/https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Helpo:Kiel_redakti_pa%C4%9Don_por_spertuloj" title="Helpo:Kiel redakti paĝon por spertuloj – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" class="interlanguage-link-target">Esperanto</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa"><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200413211606/https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%87%D9%86%D9%85%D8%A7:%D9%86%D8%B4%D8%A7%D9%86%D9%87%E2%80%8C%DA%AF%D8%B0%D8%A7%D8%B1%DB%8C_%D9%88%DB%8C%DA%A9%DB%8C" title="راهنما:نشانه‌گذاری ویکی – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" class="interlanguage-link-target">فارسی</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr"><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200413211606/https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aide:Syntaxe" title="Aide:Syntaxe – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" class="interlanguage-link-target">Français</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gu"><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200413211606/https://gu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AA%AE%E0%AA%A6%E0%AA%A6:Wiki_markup" title="મદદ:Wiki markup – Gujarati" lang="gu" hreflang="gu" class="interlanguage-link-target">ગુજરાતી</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko"><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200413211606/https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EC%9C%84%ED%82%A4%EB%B0%B1%EA%B3%BC:%EC%9C%84%ED%82%A4_%EB%AC%B8%EB%B2%95" title="위키백과:위키 문법 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" class="interlanguage-link-target">한국어</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hsb"><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200413211606/https://hsb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pomoc:Formatowa%C4%87" title="Pomoc:Formatować – Upper Sorbian" lang="hsb" hreflang="hsb" class="interlanguage-link-target">Hornjoserbsce</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr"><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200413211606/https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedija:Wikitekst" title="Wikipedija:Wikitekst – Croatian" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" class="interlanguage-link-target">Hrvatski</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id"><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200413211606/https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Markah_wiki/Pranala_dan_URL" title="Wikipedia:Markah wiki/Pranala dan URL – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" class="interlanguage-link-target">Bahasa Indonesia</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it"><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200413211606/https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aiuto:Wikitesto" title="Aiuto:Wikitesto – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" class="interlanguage-link-target">Italiano</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he"><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200413211606/https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%A2%D7%96%D7%A8%D7%94:%D7%AA%D7%97%D7%91%D7%99%D7%A8_%D7%95%D7%99%D7%A7%D7%99" title="עזרה:תחביר ויקי – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" class="interlanguage-link-target">עברית</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk"><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200413211606/https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A3%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%BF%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%B8%D1%8F:%D0%A3%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B4%D1%96%D1%80%D1%83" title="Уикипедия:Уикилендіру – Kazakh" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" class="interlanguage-link-target">Қазақша</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lb"><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200413211606/https://lb.wikipedia.org/wiki/H%C3%ABllef:Textgestaltung" title="Hëllef:Textgestaltung – Luxembourgish" lang="lb" hreflang="lb" class="interlanguage-link-target">Lëtzebuergesch</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mt"><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200413211606/https://mt.wikipedia.org/wiki/G%C4%A7ajnuna:Sintassi" title="Għajnuna:Sintassi – Maltese" lang="mt" hreflang="mt" class="interlanguage-link-target">Malti</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms"><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200413211606/https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bantuan:Penanda_wiki" title="Bantuan:Penanda wiki – Malay" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" class="interlanguage-link-target">Bahasa Melayu</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-my"><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200413211606/https://my.wikipedia.org/wiki/Help:Formatting" title="Help:Formatting – Burmese" lang="my" hreflang="my" class="interlanguage-link-target">မြန်မာဘာသာ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl"><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200413211606/https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Help:Wikificeren" title="Help:Wikificeren – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" class="interlanguage-link-target">Nederlands</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz"><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200413211606/https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vikipediya:Vikilashtirish" title="Vikipediya:Vikilashtirish – Uzbek" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" class="interlanguage-link-target">Oʻzbekcha/ўзбекча</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pa"><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200413211606/https://pa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A8%AE%E0%A8%A6%E0%A8%A6:%E0%A8%B5%E0%A8%BF%E0%A8%95%E0%A9%80_%E0%A8%A8%E0%A8%BF%E0%A8%B8%E0%A8%BC%E0%A8%BE%E0%A8%A8" title="ਮਦਦ:ਵਿਕੀ ਨਿਸ਼ਾਨ – Punjabi" lang="pa" hreflang="pa" class="interlanguage-link-target">ਪੰਜਾਬੀ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pfl"><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200413211606/https://pfl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hilf:Textgestaltung" title="Hilf:Textgestaltung – Palatine German" lang="pfl" hreflang="pfl" class="interlanguage-link-target">Pälzisch</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ps"><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200413211606/https://ps.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%84%D8%A7%D8%B1%DA%9A%D9%88%D8%AF:%D9%88%D9%8A%DA%A9%D9%8A_%D9%85%D8%A7%D8%B1%DA%A9_%D8%A7%D9%BE" title="لارښود:ويکي مارک اپ – Pashto" lang="ps" hreflang="ps" class="interlanguage-link-target">پښتو</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl"><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200413211606/https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pomoc:Formatowanie_tekstu" title="Pomoc:Formatowanie tekstu – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" class="interlanguage-link-target">Polski</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro"><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200413211606/https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ajutor:Cum_modific_o_pagin%C4%83" title="Ajutor:Cum modific o pagină – Romanian" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" class="interlanguage-link-target">Română</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru"><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200413211606/https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%92%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%BF%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%B8%D1%8F:%D0%92%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B8%D1%84%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%86%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Википедия:Викификация – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" class="interlanguage-link-target">Русский</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sq"><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200413211606/https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ndihm%C3%AB:Formatimi_i_tekstit" title="Ndihmë:Formatimi i tekstit – Albanian" lang="sq" hreflang="sq" class="interlanguage-link-target">Shqip</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple"><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200413211606/https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Help:Wiki_markup" title="Help:Wiki markup – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" class="interlanguage-link-target">Simple English</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sd"><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200413211606/https://sd.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%D8%AF%D8%AF:%D9%88%DA%AA%D9%8A_%D9%84%DA%A9%D8%AA" title="مدد:وڪي لکت – Sindhi" lang="sd" hreflang="sd" class="interlanguage-link-target">سنڌي</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk"><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200413211606/https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pomoc:Wikitext" title="Pomoc:Wikitext – Slovak" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" class="interlanguage-link-target">Slovenčina</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi"><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200413211606/https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ohje:Koodiopas" title="Ohje:Koodiopas – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" class="interlanguage-link-target">Suomi</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tt"><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200413211606/https://tt.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%92%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%BF%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%B8%D1%8F:%D0%92%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%BB%D3%99%D1%88%D1%82%D0%B5%D1%80%D2%AF" title="Википедия:Викиләштерү – Tatar" lang="tt" hreflang="tt" class="interlanguage-link-target">Татарча/tatarça</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-shn"><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200413211606/https://shn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%80%9C%E1%80%BD%E1%80%84%E1%80%BA%E1%82%88%E1%81%B8%E1%80%BD%E1%82%86%E1%82%88%E1%80%91%E1%82%85%E1%80%99%E1%80%BA:Formatting" title="လွင်ႈၸွႆႈထႅမ်:Formatting – Shan" lang="shn" hreflang="shn" class="interlanguage-link-target">ၽႃႇသႃႇတႆး </a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th"><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200413211606/https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%A7%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%98%E0%B8%B5%E0%B9%83%E0%B8%8A%E0%B9%89:%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%88%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%94%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B9%E0%B8%9B%E0%B9%81%E0%B8%9A%E0%B8%9A%E0%B8%A7%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%B4" title="วิธีใช้:การจัดรูปแบบวิกิ – Thai" lang="th" hreflang="th" class="interlanguage-link-target">ไทย</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr"><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200413211606/https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yard%C4%B1m:Vikimetin" title="Yardım:Vikimetin – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" class="interlanguage-link-target">Türkçe</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-udm"><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200413211606/https://udm.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%92%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%BF%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%B8%D1%8F:%D0%92%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B8%D1%84%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%86%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Википедия:Викификация – Udmurt" lang="udm" hreflang="udm" class="interlanguage-link-target">Удмурт</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk"><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200413211606/https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%94%D0%BE%D0%B2%D1%96%D0%B4%D0%BA%D0%B0:%D0%92%D1%96%D0%BA%D1%96%D1%84%D1%96%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%86%D1%96%D1%8F" title="Довідка:Вікіфікація – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" class="interlanguage-link-target">Українська</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur"><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200413211606/https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%D8%B9%D8%A7%D9%88%D9%86%D8%AA:%D9%88%DB%8C%DA%A9%DB%8C_%D8%AA%D8%AF%D9%88%DB%8C%D9%86" title="معاونت:ویکی تدوین – Urdu" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" class="interlanguage-link-target">اردو</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi"><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200413211606/https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tr%E1%BB%A3_gi%C3%BAp:M%C3%A3_wiki" title="Trợ giúp:Mã wiki – Vietnamese" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" class="interlanguage-link-target">Tiếng Việt</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh"><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200413211606/https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Help:Wiki%E6%A8%99%E8%A8%98%E5%BC%8F%E8%AA%9E%E8%A8%80" title="Help:Wiki標記式語言 – Chinese" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" class="interlanguage-link-target">中文</a></li></ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200413211606/https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q6521720#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Edit interlanguage links" class="wbc-editpage">Edit links</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div id="footer" role="contentinfo"> <ul id="footer-info" class=""> <li id="footer-info-lastmod"> This page was last edited on 27 March 2020, at 21:06<span class="anonymous-show"> (UTC)</span>.</li> <li id="footer-info-copyright">Text is available under the <a rel="license" 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