CINXE.COM

<!DOCTYPE html><html lang="en-US"><head><title>Just a moment...</title><meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=UTF-8"><meta http-equiv="X-UA-Compatible" content="IE=Edge"><meta name="robots" content="noindex,nofollow"><meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width,initial-scale=1"><style>*{box-sizing:border-box;margin:0;padding:0}html{line-height:1.15;-webkit-text-size-adjust:100%;color:#313131;font-family:system-ui,-apple-system,BlinkMacSystemFont,Segoe UI,Roboto,Helvetica Neue,Arial,Noto Sans,sans-serif,Apple Color Emoji,Segoe UI Emoji,Segoe UI Symbol,Noto Color Emoji}body{display:flex;flex-direction:column;height:100vh;min-height:100vh}.main-content{margin:8rem auto;max-width:60rem;padding-left:1.5rem}@media (width <= 720px){.main-content{margin-top:4rem}}.h2{font-size:1.5rem;font-weight:500;line-height:2.25rem}@media (width <= 720px){.h2{font-size:1.25rem;line-height:1.5rem}}#challenge-error-text{background-image:url(data:image/svg+xml;base64,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);background-repeat:no-repeat;background-size:contain;padding-left:34px}@media (prefers-color-scheme:dark){body{background-color:#222;color:#d9d9d9}}</style><meta http-equiv="refresh" content="390"></head><body class="no-js"><div class="main-wrapper" role="main"><div class="main-content"><noscript><div class="h2"><span id="challenge-error-text">Enable JavaScript and cookies to continue</span></div></noscript></div></div><script>(function(){window._cf_chl_opt={cvId: '3',cZone: "publications.waset.org",cType: 'managed',cRay: '91c6e0537a75a023',cH: 'cn.ueFAeTJTds4t32bMozn337wwdBK9Ju7bBrTx.pXo-1741316780-1.2.1.1-y6rCajNrijire2fRn29fB.xDyu.bJfER7PtsrwbawZopjAWFjI.R1qhW5j9Idis0',cUPMDTk: "\/8048\/ris?__cf_chl_tk=bE4hHrWO8NK1xS1h5wJ7z1adJgd52RfFOjU81JS2Z5s-1741316780-1.0.1.1-Kma39f.azPiJA7BJAVmALVUkgcBhNlPt6B8BlFsozrE",cFPWv: 'g',cITimeS: '1741316780',cTTimeMs: '1000',cMTimeMs: '390000',cTplC: 0,cTplV: 5,cTplB: 'cf',cK: "",fa: "\/8048\/ris?__cf_chl_f_tk=bE4hHrWO8NK1xS1h5wJ7z1adJgd52RfFOjU81JS2Z5s-1741316780-1.0.1.1-Kma39f.azPiJA7BJAVmALVUkgcBhNlPt6B8BlFsozrE",md: "_H7niG4KQtU.3w99gzRl.0iJUON7j.OYNmKafK_jWD4-1741316780-1.2.1.1-O85Jywty.vL0IBQ2TF4ZPtlR7QUlNg2mBAC3aMF0bueRor59ksQm2bamEeCbFy4OAqiHfKGP.6sot_CzJAPl1l9oBLxAFDeF6cvqcmFcAIcjSQkC3q6FX8DF7SCmI91YYLNJ.cUM1B8VaBU4LgDxAPhV4WxkJTuN4tojLNRlz05oex54v1iiP2cIFg4wkzVmeWd2RJV.gf4ZOuLP01rycwEqaN_ld9ttzFN2TAhX1blHNOQ_d3WTT9V1Xzd2NeYCPJpGfCwz2wpDENVFCzsv_QDac6kQg6q6_VIiSvtSYn8rFwDl249W_ycFBkST0VkEG4InF52OimzN2uXguL0wBAX2wwXOpVH4mH3EBqGIrHp1C2gi0R0Y5h8AOgoHAf4.RjNj4K8Xtts60hjoyUYjRfWnWWUvbHnBn2Vq5zlk56COYcqHw3U0BaapXg6BAMjX9AmHMDAWGBKbkHA7Jw8Lm_JP.4pB_T892Cp3AhFCoVEtUhGIQZ4FYOrZbE42VJgxu55mAMHlbozORq907xmDjyewj1H_FhErEQUwiYUSdDz9UQMsqg4xc5EffjA3nyRzAu3yNKCqLhZMrWb96VWwt5h_r8N8J6Pg075K5UgKH_bT60wXb_8h54P2AzZv8XqjI6Etf2A8N0ChXhpyf2THMo0WwtTDCiTLenvwidUumO62VnI1dj4_1iNXiXiZy4.doV2dRywKSyTFCn1iZhWFeuAe19jYWA0er_RSnR0mNOs5BS3FeeEgVHAbq.1n8zOc4LhkX1rrrDbCUctQktHzSMmZlPmrduHDvvHgTbz.VuZMtL6Tv_YzMt3IvOhz.PnJ_8YVOxGWCcMmN7aCiz2yJEIWHJn8H6L3QjiKPebc_Pi_3ukkF3_clwEYTR.oAJcoQpjXVYcBYQlsnM0ctMmNGOuVU9YuqTqNpV7NFWfzxzO97iO8khvPRAtYuYAbCXJdWwlPr1PhUQD6iItTQ1AP4kN_5RDEPHm4V9u7L_TdqKJc0wpjeuhCZXkVXc0Yj.nIM7b6RkIDgH4WNX99cssK8_LIFOY8Wo93wALy.iC46K3_TrL1d3.nSRD8nJCDwyoT1agrLRhgAvrqnkP5fpDUODk_5LvmsIarvvZCTlwVgURJZZu8inXUu2FNo9uCEuW_GSpRp8ORMW1PwnCVoG9bKMV015Y7ZteGKmIjCBDV97YkMhjwJM3Jztgpoqe7AMTQNptnNpU_f4B93siNuu3kKg",mdrd: "lFZqXGP_zsvI_CXVrC7.s3hD4R8VEMTEuGdKjLPkscE-1741316780-1.2.1.1-OqfflCgKNptRw8QI62M4BF8gkBZ7dOdWQEFpA96UCrOOU.WNmGE0iNW7BkgClC8J34JjBz9YrkEIxONRkLb7SVNg0lxsYk.2A4pLIF2VXq7WiiW41dY5cEH2AIIFh5wnD2vukvwLMuqMj4qpfENBXbUqcvYDVqWpvpvaS7Ew6qlaUvL0YpXRXjuVvu90bLfFTaaXg1FAOW5wc_k34SgYdJbHxG631I3fJOvjEA2I.JCnMjjCLYH9P94IT8XIhD4oz4KDXrhC89SnFW3mMRhXeWHNz9.efy6qJzDPJTZoy.DcZnC3WykDro1SgD9iJDHTaq6_kkMRrmPi9Jlg4peyrSrE6qKnoi4CQKaOZ8cvvy.SB4pct6XSBgCShTv4L1HlzBjAWtUC6wp_AZK4KI8KfKX7xGW3TpjrxYVhcTwpZhy2a2K6zK1QLXpW_H8YNok1q4EN5TsppKPHUM1Ru.51aMXQxL5CO.nB5a4hym_y6om6DeX.TiCZUM8ZLc8JhXz_KZMhEgGTFljURTjhJckH1QhLyajoyYqGyhD5YwvJ3Ffe1Vx8FUAvCGxpmjDhOLz7lLNCEHEf8rDIPSxsCQ6_XqDXPvFlBfIoDzeGDgA4Nvkr6O_l0.jJ7_AAyAnE5.LH4eFE1kWbz7RLiSRAcE_Rm4IMQqnZ90a9ydjQ3Z0mPMzyBih.VDUkQzQwybVsD6rrhhccfnGY6BQCQvIzPLPdY7RS058akBuS_NQ.jMhyIXam23978sja8O.MthsLxBfVkKYjWEcuFKkoT4BvbKdoh.X.PaCHbb3yRGvbAm0q5pvpMHCeN5VlVMEOgYqvloxemaq7vwiwDPYASojF89Qzague4uHOnfTdsRNNfr5bQkFbPzbOEkw0aKW7pvx0_9ltw3PDVbj.Wh8lQ8..YHJy4ExMVqiXOqY6ntrV76Jb0xhgggL5wV4r.KtVN.uzJqWnc_B.5PyeK939dhZoBn.gbe_bOx8BQY4OL75fKX40k9oDWSSYArrk7xUzu2Lg2A2IfYn4IQb5YKu3dpI8qbvRkvgfSpnZu0VZ8pLMCVS9jatxBdbkBlrmD5fokwrrfKfbNCVu7E0x8G4ANt.9jlZSgxxrBZkYGCmQz15Z55by9J30DfSuwUk5QZW0iA2UrzyorRP5nnVslMwMhnP5DFzRQoaoOQFICrtURQ98tB4L4OaQCgMCBQVfNocla0SO4Wm5iIwgT9PE28WvKetnSVb6FQKAeQXyRp.vwIU_ltlcIX.aAIMcMF0fhlwdrxcoCQKVLkxoDCISEGGgdXpygq8ZlaOTwlTJnvldDF83VEmdqliQe226qU3kf92AviXSYhfGsfCYBbFVSHp1w8b0ngf8mfSD.xYrDd6lhEpERnRj0M30ctqKeQWodBWv0YW5g08FzCidm11Ip9wWac8anOdo_hlcF4J3kE70hGxOLT_qdR0Q2LdrdZu4cOurJeuetPZDhaagTYN9dM2JA8kPnbgu9pP6KtqJ6yJ8Hp_Nvtfjxs4pnPhz1Kgc2fkM8034hIrV1ZSVncFLX_o8mkf9G_kjvCG0Zk9oHfSFSASBm1fZbKmRWxsufLwfLHMGcp3RIbr4eaZ2Wf3BDI0LzMkvAFDKp8tfHgtHDatLhXo5xXzMoY3RVWGnxVqJGPoklbjhknBug.yE460LD55oZQJlFeBMUXTqL0SbGR2Xjc.BsquzMVBEAhQ3yjpvZm1NvX3kPip8jpj5jpFFlkZAFueu1wpITB6kb0ieP.ifZ34ssYh2_xcfkwSgGqK2Tssp5_FXMkRMPi0nelE.xEebn.jJ.AJTP6GFuGX2R6QAZvMuhgfZR0cKXy3eJQKo87mxzej9Bj1lZGY0K4JKItrf4n71tbx3EwerQCeabos7fje_j.8Wsixn_x1H2MPFTVV2QkJ2dgIjLBHCn5KU6KqwmZGwtHwdMJloPUDJscVrSj4DeUHgJAsiPnYsQg1IRCyFWhFgkMik"};var cpo = document.createElement('script');cpo.src = '/cdn-cgi/challenge-platform/h/g/orchestrate/chl_page/v1?ray=91c6e0537a75a023';window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUHash = location.hash === '' && location.href.indexOf('#') !== -1 ? '#' : location.hash;window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUQuery = location.search === '' && location.href.slice(0, location.href.length - window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUHash.length).indexOf('?') !== -1 ? '?' : location.search;if (window.history && window.history.replaceState) {var ogU = location.pathname + window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUQuery + window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUHash;history.replaceState(null, null, "\/8048\/ris?__cf_chl_rt_tk=bE4hHrWO8NK1xS1h5wJ7z1adJgd52RfFOjU81JS2Z5s-1741316780-1.0.1.1-Kma39f.azPiJA7BJAVmALVUkgcBhNlPt6B8BlFsozrE" + window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUHash);cpo.onload = function() {history.replaceState(null, null, ogU);}}document.getElementsByTagName('head')[0].appendChild(cpo);}());</script></body></html>