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mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Metaxisme" title="Metaxisme – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Metaxisme" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%9C%CE%B5%CF%84%CE%B1%CE%BE%CE%B9%CF%83%CE%BC%CF%8C%CF%82" title="Μεταξισμός – Greek" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Μεταξισμός" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="Greek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Metaxismo" title="Metaxismo – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Metaxismo" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Metaxisme" title="Metaxisme – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Metaxisme" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Metaxisme" title="Metaxisme – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Metaxisme" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Metaxismo" title="Metaxismo – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Metaxismo" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Metaxisme" title="Metaxisme – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Metaxisme" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Metaxismo" title="Metaxismo – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Metaxismo" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Metaxism" title="Metaxism – Romanian" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Metaxism" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Romanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a 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<div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Authoritarian Greek nationalist ideology</div> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Flag_of_EON.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bb/Flag_of_EON.svg/200px-Flag_of_EON.svg.png" decoding="async" width="200" height="208" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bb/Flag_of_EON.svg/300px-Flag_of_EON.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bb/Flag_of_EON.svg/400px-Flag_of_EON.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="354" data-file-height="369" /></a><figcaption>Flag of the <a href="/wiki/National_Youth_Organisation_(Greece)" title="National Youth Organisation (Greece)">National Youth Organisation (EON)</a> during the <a href="/wiki/4th_of_August_Regime" title="4th of August Regime">4th of August Regime</a></figcaption></figure> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul 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style="border: 4px double #154E9D; border-spacing:0.2em 0;color: var(--color-base, #000);"><tbody><tr><td class="sidebar-pretitle">This article is part of <a href="/wiki/Category:Conservatism_in_Greece" title="Category:Conservatism in Greece">a series</a> on</td></tr><tr><th class="sidebar-title-with-pretitle" style="background:#154E9D; padding-top:0.25em; font-size:160%; font-weight:normal; color:white; line-height:1em"><a href="/wiki/Conservatism#Greece" title="Conservatism"><span class="tmp-color" style="color:#FFF">Conservatism in Greece</span></a></th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-image"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Coat_of_arms_of_Greece.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7c/Coat_of_arms_of_Greece.svg/90px-Coat_of_arms_of_Greece.svg.png" decoding="async" width="90" height="92" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7c/Coat_of_arms_of_Greece.svg/135px-Coat_of_arms_of_Greece.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7c/Coat_of_arms_of_Greece.svg/180px-Coat_of_arms_of_Greece.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="281" data-file-height="286" /></a></span></td></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="border-top:1px solid #154E9D; text-align:center;color: var(--color-base)">Ideologies</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Christian_democracy" title="Christian democracy">Christian democracy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Greek_nationalism" title="Greek nationalism">Greek nationalism</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Metaxism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Monarchism" title="Monarchism">Monarchism</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="border-top:1px solid #154E9D; text-align:center;color: var(--color-base)">Principles</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Authority" title="Authority">Authority</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christian_values" title="Christian values">Christian values</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Culture_of_Greece" title="Culture of Greece">Greek culture</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Family_values" title="Family values">Family values</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hellenocentrism" title="Hellenocentrism">Hellenocentrism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Laconophilia" title="Laconophilia">Laconophilia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Orthodoxy" title="Orthodoxy">Orthodoxy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Private_property" title="Private property">Private property</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Social_market_economy" title="Social market economy">Social market economy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Social_order" title="Social order">Social order</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Protectionism" title="Protectionism">Protectionism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tradition" title="Tradition">Tradition</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="border-top:1px solid #154E9D; text-align:center;color: var(--color-base)">History</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/4th_of_August_Regime" title="4th of August Regime">4th of August Regime</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Greek_Civil_War" title="Greek Civil War">Greek Civil War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Greek_economic_miracle" title="Greek economic miracle">Greek economic miracle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Greek_language_question" title="Greek language question">Greek language question</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Greek_monarchy_referendum,_1935" class="mw-redirect" title="Greek monarchy referendum, 1935">Greek monarchy referendum, 1935</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Greek_referendum,_1946" class="mw-redirect" title="Greek referendum, 1946">Greek referendum, 1946</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Greek_Resistance" class="mw-redirect" title="Greek Resistance">Greek Resistance</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Leonardopoulos%E2%80%93Gargalidis_coup_d%27%C3%A9tat_attempt" class="mw-redirect" title="Leonardopoulos–Gargalidis coup d'état attempt">Leonardopoulos–Gargalidis coup d'état attempt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Metapolitefsi" title="Metapolitefsi">Metapolitefsi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Schism" title="National Schism">National Schism</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="border-top:1px solid #154E9D; text-align:center;color: var(--color-base)">Intellectuals</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Panos_Bardis" title="Panos Bardis">Bardis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ion_Dragoumis" title="Ion Dragoumis">Dragoumis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Odysseas_Elytis" title="Odysseas Elytis">Elytis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Panagiotis_Kondylis" title="Panagiotis Kondylis">Kondylis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Taki_Theodoracopulos" title="Taki Theodoracopulos">Theodoracopulos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Konstantinos_Tsatsos" title="Konstantinos Tsatsos">Tsatsos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Helen_Vlachos" title="Helen Vlachos">Vlachos</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="border-top:1px solid #154E9D; text-align:center;color: var(--color-base)">Politicians</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Evangelos_Averoff" title="Evangelos Averoff">Averoff</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stefanos_Dragoumis" title="Stefanos Dragoumis">Dragoumis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dimitrios_Gounaris" title="Dimitrios Gounaris">Gounaris</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nikolaos_Kalogeropoulos" title="Nikolaos Kalogeropoulos">Kalogeropoulos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Panagiotis_Kanellopoulos" title="Panagiotis Kanellopoulos">Kanellopoulos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Konstantinos_Karamanlis" title="Konstantinos Karamanlis">Karamanlis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ioannis_Kapodistrias" title="Ioannis Kapodistrias">Kapodistrias</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alexandros_Koumoundouros" title="Alexandros Koumoundouros">Koumoundouros</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ioannis_Metaxas" title="Ioannis Metaxas">Metaxas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alexandros_Papagos" title="Alexandros Papagos">Papagos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Petros_Protopapadakis" title="Petros Protopapadakis">Protopapadakis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dimitrios_Rallis" title="Dimitrios Rallis">Rallis (Dimitrios)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Georgios_Rallis" title="Georgios Rallis">Rallis (Georgios)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Antonis_Samaras" title="Antonis Samaras">Samaras</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stefanos_Stefanopoulos" title="Stefanos Stefanopoulos">Stefanopoulos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Konstantinos_Stephanopoulos" title="Konstantinos Stephanopoulos">Stephanopoulos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lina_Tsaldari" title="Lina Tsaldari">Tsaldari</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Konstantinos_Tsaldaris" title="Konstantinos Tsaldaris">Tsaldaris (Konstantinos)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Afroditi_Latinopoulou" title="Afroditi Latinopoulou">Latinopoulou</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Panagis_Tsaldaris" title="Panagis Tsaldaris">Tsaldaris (Panagis)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Konstantinos_Tsatsos" title="Konstantinos Tsatsos">Tsatsos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kyriakos_Velopoulos" title="Kyriakos Velopoulos">Velopoulos</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="border-top:1px solid #154E9D; text-align:center;color: var(--color-base)">Parties</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content hlist"><b>Active</b> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Democratic_Revival" title="Democratic Revival">Democratic Revival</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Greek_Solution" title="Greek Solution">Greek Solution</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Independent_Greeks" title="Independent Greeks">Independent Greeks</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Hope" title="National Hope">National Hope</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Unity_Association" title="National Unity Association">National Unity Association</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_Democracy_(Greece)" title="New Democracy (Greece)">New Democracy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Niki_(Greek_political_party)" title="Niki (Greek political party)">Niki</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Popular_Orthodox_Rally" title="Popular Orthodox Rally">Popular Orthodox Rally</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spartans_(Greek_political_party)" title="Spartans (Greek political party)">Spartans</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Voice_of_Reason_(political_party)" title="Voice of Reason (political party)">Voice of Reason</a></li></ul> <p><b>Defunct</b> </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Democratic_Renewal" title="Democratic Renewal">Democratic Renewal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Freethinkers%27_Party" title="Freethinkers' Party">Freethinkers' Party</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Greek_Rally" title="Greek Rally">Greek Rally</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Russian_Party" title="Russian Party">Napist Party</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Radical_Union" title="National Radical Union">National Radical Union</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/People%27s_Party_(Greece)" title="People's Party (Greece)">People's Party</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Political_Spring" title="Political Spring">Political Spring</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Popular_Social_Party" title="Popular Social Party">Popular Social Party</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Union_of_Populars" title="Union of Populars">Union of Populars</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="border-top:1px solid #154E9D; text-align:center;color: var(--color-base)">Organisations</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Panhellenic_Liberation_Organization" title="Panhellenic Liberation Organization">Panhellenic Liberation Organization</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="border-top:1px solid #154E9D; text-align:center;color: var(--color-base)">Media</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content hlist"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Eleftheros_Kosmos" title="Eleftheros Kosmos">Eleftheros Kosmos</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Estia" title="Estia">Estia</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Kathimerini" title="Kathimerini">Kathimerini</a></i></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="border-top:1px solid #154E9D; text-align:center;color: var(--color-base)">Related</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ethnarch#Modern_Greece_and_Cyprus" title="Ethnarch">Ethnarch</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Oikos" title="Oikos">Oikos</a></i></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-below plainlist" style="padding-bottom:0.22em; border-top:1px solid #AAA; border-bottom:1px solid #AAA"> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/66/DodgerBlue_flag_waving.svg/15px-DodgerBlue_flag_waving.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/66/DodgerBlue_flag_waving.svg/22px-DodgerBlue_flag_waving.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/66/DodgerBlue_flag_waving.svg/30px-DodgerBlue_flag_waving.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="249" data-file-height="268" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Portal:Conservatism" title="Portal:Conservatism">Conservatism portal</a></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><span class="mw-image-border noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="flag" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Flag_of_Greece.svg/16px-Flag_of_Greece.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Flag_of_Greece.svg/24px-Flag_of_Greece.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Flag_of_Greece.svg/32px-Flag_of_Greece.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="400" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Portal:Greece" title="Portal:Greece">Greece portal</a></li></ul></td></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-navbar"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239400231">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:114%;margin:0 7em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:114%;margin:0 4em}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Conservatism_in_Greece_sidebar" title="Template:Conservatism in Greece sidebar"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Conservatism_in_Greece_sidebar" title="Template talk:Conservatism in Greece sidebar"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Conservatism_in_Greece_sidebar" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Conservatism in Greece sidebar"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <p><b>Metaxism</b> (<a href="/wiki/Greek_language" title="Greek language">Greek</a>: <span lang="el">Μεταξισμός</span>) is a <a href="/wiki/Greece" title="Greece">Greek</a> <a href="/wiki/Authoritarianism" title="Authoritarianism">authoritarian</a>, <a href="/wiki/Greek_nationalism" title="Greek nationalism">ultra-nationalist</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Monarchism" title="Monarchism">monarchist</a> ideology associated with <a href="/wiki/Ioannis_Metaxas" title="Ioannis Metaxas">Ioannis Metaxas</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-stanpayne_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-stanpayne-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It called for the regeneration of the <a href="/wiki/Greeks" title="Greeks">Greek nation</a> and the establishment of a modern, culturally homogenous Greece.<sup id="cite_ref-Sorensen_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Sorensen-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Metaxism disparaged <a href="/wiki/Liberalism" title="Liberalism">liberalism</a>, and held individual interests to be subordinate to those of the nation, seeking to mobilize the Greek people as a disciplined mass in service to the creation of a "new Greece."<sup id="cite_ref-Sorensen_2-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Sorensen-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Metaxas declared that his <a href="/wiki/4th_of_August_Regime" title="4th of August Regime">4th of August Regime</a> (1936–1941) represented a "<a href="/wiki/Third_Greek_Civilization" class="mw-redirect" title="Third Greek Civilization">Third Greek Civilization</a>" which was committed to the creation of a culturally purified Greek nation based upon the <a href="/wiki/Militarism" title="Militarism">militarist</a> societies of <a href="/wiki/Macedonia_(ancient_kingdom)" title="Macedonia (ancient kingdom)">ancient Macedonia</a> and <a href="/wiki/Sparta" title="Sparta">Sparta</a>, which he held to constitute the "First Greek Civilization"; and the Orthodox Christian ethic of the <a href="/wiki/Byzantine_Empire" title="Byzantine Empire">Byzantine Empire</a>, which he considered to represent the "Second Greek Civilization."<sup id="cite_ref-Sorensen_2-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Sorensen-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The Metaxas regime asserted that true Greeks were ethnically Greek and Orthodox Christian, intending to deliberately exclude <a href="/wiki/Albanians" title="Albanians">Albanians</a>, <a href="/wiki/Slavs" title="Slavs">Slavs</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Turkish_people" title="Turkish people">Turks</a> residing in Greece from Greek citizenship.<sup id="cite_ref-Sorensen_2-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Sorensen-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Although the Metaxas government and its official doctrines are sometimes described as <a href="/wiki/Fascism" title="Fascism">fascist</a>, such historians as <a href="/wiki/Stanley_Payne" class="mw-redirect" title="Stanley Payne">Stanley Payne</a> consider it to have been a conventional authoritarian-conservative dictatorship akin to <a href="/wiki/Francisco_Franco" title="Francisco Franco">Francisco Franco</a>'s <a href="/wiki/Francoist_Spain" title="Francoist Spain">Spain</a> or <a href="/wiki/Ant%C3%B3nio_de_Oliveira_Salazar" title="António de Oliveira Salazar">António de Oliveira Salazar</a>'s <a href="/wiki/Estado_Novo_(Portugal)" title="Estado Novo (Portugal)">Portugal</a>; such historians as Kofas maintain that the regime had a powerful quasi-fascist element,<sup id="cite_ref-stanpayne_1-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-stanpayne-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-European_Dictatorships,_1918–1945_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-European_Dictatorships,_1918–1945-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> some contemporary historians characterize it as <a href="/wiki/Totalitarianism" title="Totalitarianism">totalitarian</a> (as Metaxas himself did) or even fascist.<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The Metaxist government derived its authority from the conservative establishment and its doctrines strongly supported traditional institutions such as the <a href="/wiki/Church_of_Greece" title="Church of Greece">Greek Orthodox Church</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Greek_Royal_Family" class="mw-redirect" title="Greek Royal Family">Greek Monarchy</a>; essentially <a href="/wiki/Reactionary" title="Reactionary">reactionary</a>, it lacked the radical theoretical dimensions of ideologies such as <a href="/wiki/Italian_fascism" title="Italian fascism">Italian fascism</a> and <a href="/wiki/National_Socialism" class="mw-redirect" title="National Socialism">National Socialism</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-stanpayne_1-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-stanpayne-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-European_Dictatorships,_1918–1945_3-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-European_Dictatorships,_1918–1945-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The regime also lacked <a href="/wiki/Antisemitism" title="Antisemitism">antisemitism</a>, which it regarded as "distasteful".<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The ideology of Metaxism was associated with Metaxas' political party, the <a href="/wiki/Freethinkers%27_Party_(Greece)" class="mw-redirect" title="Freethinkers' Party (Greece)">Freethinkers' Party</a> and the <a href="/wiki/4th_of_August_Regime" title="4th of August Regime">4th of August Regime</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Davies_8-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Davies-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In the post-war period it has been advocated by the <a href="/wiki/4th_of_August_Party" title="4th of August Party">4th of August Party</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Golden_Dawn_(Greece)" title="Golden Dawn (Greece)">Golden Dawn</a> party and the <a href="/wiki/ELAM_(Cyprus)" title="ELAM (Cyprus)">ELAM</a> party. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Main_ideas">Main ideas</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Metaxism&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Main ideas"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><b><a href="/wiki/Greek_nationalism" title="Greek nationalism">Greek nationalism</a></b>: Promoted cultural purity of the Greek nation and endorsed the creation of a "Third Hellenic Civilization".</li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Monarchism" title="Monarchism">Monarchism</a></b>: Considered the institution of monarchy a pillar of national unity.</li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Anti-communism" title="Anti-communism">Anti-communism</a></b>: Metaxism was very hostile to <a href="/wiki/Left-wing" class="mw-redirect" title="Left-wing">left-wing</a> and <a href="/wiki/Communism" title="Communism">communist</a> ideologies.</li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Anti-parliamentarianism" class="mw-redirect" title="Anti-parliamentarianism">Anti-parliamentarianism</a></b>: Denounced the way the old parliamentary system operated, as a cause of anarchy, division and economic decline.</li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Corporatism" title="Corporatism">Corporatism</a></b>: Worked strongly through corporate groups and trade unions.</li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Clericalism" title="Clericalism">Clericalism</a></b>: The <a href="/wiki/Greek_Orthodox_Church" title="Greek Orthodox Church">Greek Orthodox Church</a> was an integral aspect of the Metaxist regime.</li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Protectionism" title="Protectionism">Protectionism</a></b>: Considered the <a href="/wiki/Economic_liberalism" title="Economic liberalism">market-liberal</a> policies of the old state to have failed.</li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Anti-imperialism" title="Anti-imperialism">Anti-imperialism</a></b>: Opposed the domination and influence of Greece by foreign powers.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="History">History</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Metaxism&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: History"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Ioannis_Metaxas_1937.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f3/Ioannis_Metaxas_1937.jpg/160px-Ioannis_Metaxas_1937.jpg" decoding="async" width="160" height="217" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f3/Ioannis_Metaxas_1937.jpg/240px-Ioannis_Metaxas_1937.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f3/Ioannis_Metaxas_1937.jpg/320px-Ioannis_Metaxas_1937.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1836" data-file-height="2491" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Ioannis_Metaxas" title="Ioannis Metaxas">Ioannis Metaxas</a></figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Papagos_alexandros.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/c/ca/Papagos_alexandros.jpg" decoding="async" width="160" height="187" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="160" data-file-height="187" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Alexandros_Papagos" title="Alexandros Papagos">Alexandros Papagos</a>, leader of <a href="/wiki/Greek_Rally" title="Greek Rally">Greek Rally</a>.</figcaption></figure> <p>The ideology developed by Metaxas began with Metaxas' response to the <a href="/wiki/11_September_1922_Revolution" title="11 September 1922 Revolution">revolution of 1922</a> that put in a pro-republican government in Greece. Metaxas formed the Freethinkers' Party, a monarchist party that originally supported the advancement of civil liberties, though this changed with Metaxas' evolving political views.<sup id="cite_ref-Fischer170_9-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Fischer170-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Metaxas supported the failed counterrevolution by monarchists against the republican-oriented government on October 23, 1923; the counterrevolution collapsed within a week, and an arrest warrant was issued for Metaxas, who fled to Norway in exile.<sup id="cite_ref-Fischer170_9-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Fischer170-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The pro-republican government achieved its aim in 1924 when the Greek monarchy was abolished and a Greek republic was established.<sup id="cite_ref-Fischer170_9-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Fischer170-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 1924, Metaxas officially changed his position from opposition to the republic to acceptance of its institutions.<sup id="cite_ref-Fischer170_9-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Fischer170-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In the 1926 general election, Metaxas' Freethinkers' Party won 54 out of 250 seats in the Greek parliament, resulting in the party becoming part of Greece's coalition government, and Metaxas becoming the Minister of Communications.<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> However, the Freethinkers' Party’s public support collapsed in the 1928 election, in which it lost almost all of its seats, including Metaxas' own seat.<sup id="cite_ref-Fischer172_11-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Fischer172-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>By the 1930s, Metaxas openly condemned the <a href="/wiki/Parliamentary_system" title="Parliamentary system">parliamentary system</a> in Greece.<sup id="cite_ref-Fischer172_11-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Fischer172-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> For the 1935 election, Metaxas' party joined other monarchist parties in an electoral coalition known as the <a href="/w/index.php?title=United_Royalists&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="United Royalists (page does not exist)">United Royalists</a> that called for the restoration of the monarchy. The Freethinkers' Party won only seven seats in the election.<sup id="cite_ref-Fischer174_12-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Fischer174-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Nevertheless, a monarchist government was formed in Greece in 1935, resulting in the restoration of King <a href="/wiki/George_II_of_Greece" title="George II of Greece">George II of Greece</a> as head of state.<sup id="cite_ref-Fischer174_12-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Fischer174-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>King George II had held close relations with Metaxas in the past and appointed Metaxas as the Prime Minister of Greece in May 1936.<sup id="cite_ref-Fischer174_12-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Fischer174-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Upon becoming Prime Minister, Metaxas made clear his discontent with the political deadlock between feuding political blocs in Greece's parliament and the rising labour unrest being exploited by the <a href="/wiki/Communist_Party_of_Greece" title="Communist Party of Greece">Communist Party of Greece</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Fischer174_12-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Fischer174-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Metaxas quickly sought to crush dissent including labour unrest in the form of decrees that did not require acceptance by the Greek parliament.<sup id="cite_ref-Fischer174_12-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Fischer174-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>On August 4, 1936, Metaxas gained the King's support for a decree that dissolved parliament. He declared martial law, suspended civil rights such as liberty of the subject, and mobilized transport and public workers to support him.<sup id="cite_ref-Fischer180_13-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Fischer180-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Metaxas justified these actions as necessary to prevent a communist revolution.<sup id="cite_ref-Fischer180_13-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Fischer180-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Numerous leftist leaders (and others) were arrested following these proclamations.<sup id="cite_ref-Fischer180_13-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Fischer180-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Metaxas abolished all political parties including his own, ruling as an official independent.<sup id="cite_ref-Fischer181_14-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Fischer181-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> This date is considered the beginning of Metaxas' authoritarian rule, which later came to be known as the <a href="/wiki/4th_of_August_Regime" title="4th of August Regime">4th of August Regime</a>. </p><p>Metaxas was referred to by supporters as the <i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Archigos&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Archigos (page does not exist)">Archigos</a></i> (Leader) and promised to create a "New State" in Greece that called for Greeks to wholly commit themselves to the nation with self-control as the Spartans had done.<sup id="cite_ref-Fischer184_15-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Fischer184-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Supporters of the 4th of August Regime justified Metaxas' dictatorship on the basis that the "First Greek Civilization" involved the Athenian dictatorship of <a href="/wiki/Pericles" title="Pericles">Pericles</a> who had brought ancient Greece to greatness.<sup id="cite_ref-Fischer184_15-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Fischer184-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Metaxas introduced widespread strict censorship of the press and banned works by authors considered taboo by the regime, including literature by <a href="/wiki/Karl_Marx" title="Karl Marx">Karl Marx</a>, <a href="/wiki/Sigmund_Freud" title="Sigmund Freud">Sigmund Freud</a>, <a href="/wiki/Leo_Tolstoy" title="Leo Tolstoy">Leo Tolstoy</a>, <a href="/wiki/Fyodor_Dostoyevsky" class="mw-redirect" title="Fyodor Dostoyevsky">Fyodor Dostoyevsky</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Immanuel_Kant" title="Immanuel Kant">Immanuel Kant</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Fischer181_14-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Fischer181-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Metaxas saw the creation of a disciplined younger generation as being critical for the future of Greece and for the strengthening of his regime and its principles that would entrench the Third Greek Civilization.<sup id="cite_ref-Fischer185_16-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Fischer185-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In October 1936, the regime created the National Youth Organization of Greece (EON), which attained a membership of 200,000 by 1938. In 1939, youth membership in the EON became mandatory, and the organization absorbed the Boy Scouts of Greece.<sup id="cite_ref-Fischer185_16-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Fischer185-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Members of the EON took an oath of fidelity to the principles of the 4th of August Regime that included: embracing the institutions of the monarchy; support of national pride and faith to the Greek civilization; opposition to parliamentarianism and communism; support of the development of egalitarian, non-individualistic, virtuous citizens.<sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In spite of the Metaxas regime's ties to <a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Italy_(1861%E2%80%931946)" class="mw-redirect" title="Kingdom of Italy (1861–1946)">Fascist Italy</a> and <a href="/wiki/Nazi_Germany" title="Nazi Germany">Nazi Germany</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-Davies_8-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Davies-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> it was drawn into <a href="/wiki/World_War_II" title="World War II">World War II</a> opposite the <a href="/wiki/Axis_Powers" class="mw-redirect" title="Axis Powers">Axis Powers</a> after the <a href="/wiki/Greco-Italian_War" title="Greco-Italian War">Italian invasion of Greece</a>. Metaxas then aligned his government with the <a href="/wiki/Allies_of_World_War_II" title="Allies of World War II">allies</a> until Greece capitulated and yielded to occupation by the Axis powers following the <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Greece" class="mw-redirect" title="Battle of Greece">Battle of Greece</a>. Metaxas died on 29 January 1941, leaving an unfinished (and thus never published) plan concerning a "new constitution" for Greece that would have created new form of government without the disadvantages of the old parliamentary system. </p><p>In religious affairs, the regime maintained previous states’ tradition of holding control over religious and ecclesiastic institutions. The regime was tolerant towards religious minorities (mainly Jews and Muslims), the majority of whom were conservative and hostile towards <a href="/wiki/Venizelism" title="Venizelism">Venizelism</a>. The regime was not <a href="/wiki/Antisemitism_in_Greece" title="Antisemitism in Greece">antisemitic</a>, and it prohibited antisemitic publications by certain newspapers.<sup id="cite_ref-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Legacy">Legacy</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Metaxism&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Legacy"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The <a href="/wiki/Social_control" title="Social control">social control</a> which was established by Metaxas and the ideas passed to the youth, especially through the <a href="/wiki/National_Youth_Organisation_(Greece)" title="National Youth Organisation (Greece)">National Youth Organisation</a>, had a significant influence on the Greek society and the post-war political system. Some examples are the <a href="/wiki/Censorship" title="Censorship">censorship</a>, which was in use until the <a href="/wiki/Metapolitefsi" title="Metapolitefsi">Metapolitefsi</a>, and the surviving elements of a <a href="/wiki/Police_state" title="Police state">police state</a>. In the immediate post-war era Metaxism was advocated by the <a href="/wiki/4th_of_August_Party" title="4th of August Party">4th of August Party</a>. The ideas of the <a href="/wiki/4th_of_August_Regime" title="4th of August Regime">4th of August Regime</a> was also an extra motive for the group of right-wing army officers who seized power in a <a href="/wiki/Coup_d%27%C3%A9tat" title="Coup d'état">coup d'état</a> and led to the <a href="/wiki/Greek_military_junta_of_1967%E2%80%931974" class="mw-redirect" title="Greek military junta of 1967–1974">Greek military junta of 1967–1974</a>. Today the only party of the Greek parliament which claims to follow the ideas of Metaxas is the right-wing extremist <a href="/wiki/Golden_Dawn_(Greece)" title="Golden Dawn (Greece)">Golden Dawn</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Other far-right parties such as <a href="/wiki/LEPEN_(political_party)" title="LEPEN (political party)">Popular Greek Patriotic Union</a> which split from the Golden Dawn also claim to follow Metaxism. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Metaxism&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1266661725">.mw-parser-output .portalbox{padding:0;margin:0.5em 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class="references"> <li id="cite_note-stanpayne-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-stanpayne_1-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-stanpayne_1-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-stanpayne_1-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFPayne1995" class="citation book cs1">Payne, Stanley G (1995). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=NLiFIEdI1V4C&q=A+History+of+Fascism+payne"><i>A History of Fascism, 1914–45</i></a>. University of Wisconsin Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-299-14874-2" title="Special:BookSources/0-299-14874-2"><bdi>0-299-14874-2</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=A+History+of+Fascism%2C+1914%E2%80%9345&rft.pub=University+of+Wisconsin+Press&rft.date=1995&rft.isbn=0-299-14874-2&rft.aulast=Payne&rft.aufirst=Stanley+G&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DNLiFIEdI1V4C%26q%3DA%2BHistory%2Bof%2BFascism%2Bpayne&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMetaxism" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Sorensen-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Sorensen_2-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Sorensen_2-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Sorensen_2-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Sorensen_2-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Gert Sørensen, Robert Mallett. <i>International Fascism, 1919–45</i>. London; Portland, Oregon: Frank Cass Publishers, 2002. pp. 159. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9781135291136" title="Special:BookSources/9781135291136">9781135291136</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-European_Dictatorships,_1918–1945-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-European_Dictatorships,_1918–1945_3-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-European_Dictatorships,_1918–1945_3-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Lee, Stephen J. 2000. <i><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=KnvJO9yfvEAC">European Dictatorships, 1918–1945</a></i> <a href="/wiki/Routledge" title="Routledge">Routledge</a>; 2 ed. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0415230462" title="Special:BookSources/0415230462">0415230462</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="https://www.google.com/books/edition/Fascist_Interactions/qRVWDAAAQBAJ">https://www.google.com/books/edition/Fascist_Interactions/qRVWDAAAQBAJ</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="https://metaxas-project.com/wp-content/uploads/2017/04/metaxas_fascism_religion_-greece_third-hellenic_civilisation.pdf">https://metaxas-project.com/wp-content/uploads/2017/04/metaxas_fascism_religion_-greece_third-hellenic_civilisation.pdf</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="https://books.google.nl/books/about/Fascism_in_Greece.html?id=yPj2rQEACAAJ">https://books.google.nl/books/about/Fascism_in_Greece.html?id=yPj2rQEACAAJ</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFFleming2010" class="citation book cs1">Fleming, K. E. (2010). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.degruyter.com/document/doi/10.1515/9781400834013/html"><i>Greece – a Jewish History</i></a>. Princeton University Press. p. 101. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1515%2F9781400834013">10.1515/9781400834013</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-4008-3401-3" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-4008-3401-3"><bdi>978-1-4008-3401-3</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Greece+%E2%80%93+a+Jewish+History&rft.pages=101&rft.pub=Princeton+University+Press&rft.date=2010&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1515%2F9781400834013&rft.isbn=978-1-4008-3401-3&rft.aulast=Fleming&rft.aufirst=K.+E.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.degruyter.com%2Fdocument%2Fdoi%2F10.1515%2F9781400834013%2Fhtml&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMetaxism" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Davies-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Davies_8-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Davies_8-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Peter Davies, Derek Lynch. The Routledge companion to fascism and the far right. London; New York: Routledge, 2002. pp. 276. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9781134609529" title="Special:BookSources/9781134609529">9781134609529</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Fischer170-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Fischer170_9-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Fischer170_9-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Fischer170_9-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Fischer170_9-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Jürgen Fischer. <i>Balkan strongmen: dictators and authoritarian rulers of South Eastern Europe</i>. London: Purdue University Press, 2007. pp. 170. <sup class="noprint Inline-Template" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citing_sources" title="Wikipedia:Citing sources"><span title="Please supply an ISBN for this book.">ISBN missing</span></a></i>]</sup></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-10">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Jürgen Fischer. <i>Balkan strongmen: dictators and authoritarian rulers of South Eastern Europe</i>. London: Purdue University Press, 2007. pp. 171–172.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citing_sources" title="Wikipedia:Citing sources"><span title="Please supply an ISBN for this book.">ISBN missing</span></a></i>]</sup></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Fischer172-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Fischer172_11-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Fischer172_11-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Jürgen Fischer. <i>Balkan strongmen: dictators and authoritarian rulers of South Eastern Europe</i>. London: Purdue University Press, 2007. pp. 172.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Fischer174-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Fischer174_12-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Fischer174_12-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Fischer174_12-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Fischer174_12-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Fischer174_12-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Jürgen Fischer. <i>Balkan strongmen: dictators and authoritarian rulers of South Eastern Europe</i>. London: Purdue University Press, 2007. pp. 174.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Fischer180-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Fischer180_13-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Fischer180_13-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Fischer180_13-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Jürgen Fischer. <i>Balkan strongmen: dictators and authoritarian rulers of South Eastern Europe</i>. London: Purdue University Press, 2007. p. 180.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Fischer181-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Fischer181_14-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Fischer181_14-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Jürgen Fischer. <i>Balkan strongmen: dictators and authoritarian rulers of South Eastern Europe</i>. London: Purdue University Press, 2007. pp. 181.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Fischer184-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Fischer184_15-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Fischer184_15-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Jürgen Fischer. <i>Balkan strongmen: dictators and authoritarian rulers of South Eastern Europe</i>. London: Purdue University Press, 2007. pp. 184.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Fischer185-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Fischer185_16-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Fischer185_16-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Jürgen Fischer. <i>Balkan strongmen: dictators and authoritarian rulers of South Eastern Europe</i>. London: Purdue University Press, 2007. pp. 185.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-17">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Jürgen Fischer. <i>Balkan strongmen: dictators and authoritarian rulers of South Eastern Europe</i>. London: Purdue University Press, 2007. pp. 185–186.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-18">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Payne, Stanley G. 1995. <i><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=NLiFIEdI1V4C&dq=A+History+of+Fascism+payne&lr=&source=gbs_summary_s&cad=0">A History of Fascism, 1914–45</a></i>. University of Wisconsin Press. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-299-14874-2" title="Special:BookSources/0-299-14874-2">0-299-14874-2</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-19"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-19">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDépret2014" class="citation journal cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Dépret, Isabelle (2014). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.4000%2Fceb.5120">"Ioannis Metaxás et le religieux (1936–1941) : Expérience historique et débats actuels en Grèce"</a>. <i>Cahiers Balkaniques</i> (in French). <b>42</b>. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.4000%2Fceb.5120">10.4000/ceb.5120</a></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Cahiers+Balkaniques&rft.atitle=Ioannis+Metax%C3%A1s+et+le+religieux+%281936%E2%80%931941%29+%3A+Exp%C3%A9rience+historique+et+d%C3%A9bats+actuels+en+Gr%C3%A8ce&rft.volume=42&rft.date=2014&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.4000%2Fceb.5120&rft.aulast=D%C3%A9pret&rft.aufirst=Isabelle&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fdoi.org%2F10.4000%252Fceb.5120&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMetaxism" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-20"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-20">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140416084747/http://xaameriki.wordpress.com/faq/">"Frequently Asked Questions"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Golden_Dawn_(Greece)" title="Golden Dawn (Greece)">Golden Dawn</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://xaameriki.wordpress.com/faq/">the original</a> on 16 April 2014<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">13 April</span> 2014</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Frequently+Asked+Questions&rft.pub=Golden+Dawn&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fxaameriki.wordpress.com%2Ffaq%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMetaxism" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Metaxism&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.metaxas-project.com/">Metaxas Project</a>, a website about the 4th of August state</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ioannismetaxas.gr">ioannismetaxas.gr</a>, a website about Ioannis Metaxas' life, made by his granddaughter</li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236075235">.mw-parser-output .navbox{box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #a2a9b1;width:100%;clear:both;font-size:88%;text-align:center;padding:1px;margin:1em auto 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbox{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox,.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox-styles+.navbox{margin-top:-1px}.mw-parser-output .navbox-inner,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup{width:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-title,.mw-parser-output .navbox-abovebelow{padding:0.25em 1em;line-height:1.5em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .navbox-group{white-space:nowrap;text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .navbox,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup{background-color:#fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-list{line-height:1.5em;border-color:#fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output 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href="/wiki/Template_talk:Ioannis_Metaxas" title="Template talk:Ioannis Metaxas"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Ioannis_Metaxas" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Ioannis Metaxas"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Ioannis_Metaxas64" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Ioannis_Metaxas" title="Ioannis Metaxas">Ioannis Metaxas</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Family</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Metaxas_family" title="Category:Metaxas family">Metaxas family</a></li></ul> </div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="5" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Ioannis_Metaxas_1937_cropped.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Metaxas"><img alt="Metaxas" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/aa/Ioannis_Metaxas_1937_cropped.jpg/50px-Ioannis_Metaxas_1937_cropped.jpg" decoding="async" width="50" height="63" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/aa/Ioannis_Metaxas_1937_cropped.jpg/75px-Ioannis_Metaxas_1937_cropped.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/aa/Ioannis_Metaxas_1937_cropped.jpg/100px-Ioannis_Metaxas_1937_cropped.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1694" data-file-height="2120" /></a></span></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Politics</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Metaxism</a> (<a href="/wiki/Freethinkers%27_Party" title="Freethinkers' Party">Freethinkers' Party</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ethnic_nationalism" title="Ethnic nationalism">Ethnic nationalism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Right-wing_populism" title="Right-wing populism">National populism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Protectionism" title="Protectionism">Protectionism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Corporatism" title="Corporatism">Corporatism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anticommunism" class="mw-redirect" title="Anticommunism">Anticommunism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anti-imperialism" title="Anti-imperialism">Anti-imperialism</a> (<a href="/wiki/Greece%E2%80%93Turkey_relations" title="Greece–Turkey relations">Greco–Turkish alliance</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Greek_culture" class="mw-redirect" title="Greek culture">Third Hellenic Civilization</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Demotic_Greek" title="Demotic Greek">Demotic Greek</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Events</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Greco-Turkish_War_(1897)" title="Greco-Turkish War (1897)">Greco-Turkish War (1897)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Balkan_Wars" title="Balkan Wars">Balkan Wars</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Schism" title="National Schism">National Schism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Noemvriana" title="Noemvriana">Noemvriana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Greco-Turkish_War_(1919-1922)" class="mw-redirect" title="Greco-Turkish War (1919-1922)">Greco-Turkish War (1919-1922)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Leonardopoulos%E2%80%93Gargalidis_coup_d%27%C3%A9tat_attempt" class="mw-redirect" title="Leonardopoulos–Gargalidis coup d'état attempt">Leonardopoulos–Gargalidis coup d'état attempt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Second_Hellenic_Republic" title="Second Hellenic Republic">Second Hellenic Republic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Greek_monarchy_referendum,_1935" class="mw-redirect" title="Greek monarchy referendum, 1935">Greek monarchy referendum, 1935</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/4th_of_August_Regime" title="4th of August Regime">4th of August Regime</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1938_Greek_coup_d%27%C3%A9tat_attempt" class="mw-redirect" title="1938 Greek coup d'état attempt">1938 Greek coup d'état attempt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Greek_cruiser_Elli_(1912)" title="Greek cruiser Elli (1912)">Elli shinking</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Greco-Italian_War" title="Greco-Italian War">Greco-Italian War</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Establishments</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Epistratoi" title="Epistratoi">Epistratoi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Youth_Organisation_(Greece)" title="National Youth Organisation (Greece)">EON</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Social_Insurance_Institute" title="Social Insurance Institute">Social Insurance Institute</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hellenic_Broadcasting_Corporation" title="Hellenic Broadcasting Corporation">Hellenic Broadcasting Corporation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Judiciary_of_Greece" title="Judiciary of Greece">Greek civil code</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_parks_of_Greece" title="National parks of Greece">National parks of Greece</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Remembrance</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Metaxas_Line" title="Metaxas Line">Metaxas Line</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ohi_Day" title="Ohi Day">Ohi Day</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="4th_of_August_Regime70" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="3"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:4th_of_August_Regime" title="Template:4th of August Regime"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:4th_of_August_Regime" title="Template talk:4th of August Regime"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:4th_of_August_Regime" title="Special:EditPage/Template:4th of August Regime"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="4th_of_August_Regime70" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/4th_of_August_Regime" title="4th of August Regime">4th of August Regime</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Ideas</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ethnic_nationalism" title="Ethnic nationalism">Ethnic nationalism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anticommunism" class="mw-redirect" title="Anticommunism">Anticommunism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Monarchism" title="Monarchism">Monarchism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Totalitarianism" title="Totalitarianism">Totalitarianism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Corporatism" title="Corporatism">Corporatism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Protectionism" title="Protectionism">Protectionism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Right-wing_populism" title="Right-wing populism">National populism</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Metaxism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Greek_Orthodox_Christianity" class="mw-redirect" title="Greek Orthodox Christianity">Greek Orthodox Christianity</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Greek_culture" class="mw-redirect" title="Greek culture">Third Hellenic Civilization</a></li></ul> </div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="6" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Ethniki_Organosis_Neoleas_emblem.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="EON emblem"><img alt="EON emblem" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9e/Ethniki_Organosis_Neoleas_emblem.svg/70px-Ethniki_Organosis_Neoleas_emblem.svg.png" decoding="async" width="70" height="78" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9e/Ethniki_Organosis_Neoleas_emblem.svg/105px-Ethniki_Organosis_Neoleas_emblem.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9e/Ethniki_Organosis_Neoleas_emblem.svg/140px-Ethniki_Organosis_Neoleas_emblem.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="941" data-file-height="1042" /></a></span></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">People</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ioannis_Metaxas" title="Ioannis Metaxas">Ioannis Metaxas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_II_of_Greece" title="George II of Greece">George II of Greece</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alexandros_Papagos" title="Alexandros Papagos">Alexandros Papagos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Konstantinos_Maniadakis" title="Konstantinos Maniadakis">Konstantinos Maniadakis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Konstantinos_Kotzias" title="Konstantinos Kotzias">Konstantinos Kotzias</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kostis_Bastias&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kostis Bastias (page does not exist)">Kostis Bastias</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Events</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Metaxas_Line" title="Metaxas Line">Metaxas Line construction</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1938_Greek_coup_d%27%C3%A9tat_attempt" class="mw-redirect" title="1938 Greek coup d'état attempt">1938 Greek coup d'état attempt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Greek_cruiser_Elli_(1912)" title="Greek cruiser Elli (1912)">Elli sinking</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Greco-Italian_War" title="Greco-Italian War">Greco-Italian War</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Symbols</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Double_axe" class="mw-redirect" title="Double axe">Double axe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roman_salute" title="Roman salute">Roman salute</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hymn_of_the_4th_of_August&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Hymn of the 4th of August (page does not exist)">Hymn of the 4th of August</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Policies</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Censorship" title="Censorship">Censorship</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Youth_Organisation_(Greece)" title="National Youth Organisation (Greece)">National Youth Organisation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Demotic_Greek" title="Demotic Greek">Demotic Greek</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Greek_folk_music" class="mw-redirect" title="Greek folk music">Demotic music</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Greece%E2%80%93Turkey_relations" title="Greece–Turkey relations">Greek–Turkish alliance</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Establishments</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Hellenic_Broadcasting_Corporation" title="Hellenic Broadcasting Corporation">Hellenic Broadcasting Corporation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Social_Insurance_Institute" title="Social Insurance Institute">IKA</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_parks_of_Greece" title="National parks of Greece">National parks of Greece</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Monarchism_in_Greece97" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Monarchism_in_Greece" title="Template:Monarchism in Greece"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Monarchism_in_Greece" title="Template talk:Monarchism in Greece"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Monarchism_in_Greece" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Monarchism in Greece"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Monarchism_in_Greece97" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Monarchism" title="Monarchism">Monarchism</a> in <a href="/wiki/Greece" title="Greece">Greece</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Ideology</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Tradition" title="Tradition">Tradition</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Greek_Orthodox_Church" title="Greek Orthodox Church">Christianity</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Family_values" title="Family values">Family values</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Metaxism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Antiliberalism" class="mw-redirect" title="Antiliberalism">Antiliberalism</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Organizations</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Epistratoi" title="Epistratoi">Epistratoi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Youth_Organisation_(Greece)" title="National Youth Organisation (Greece)">National Youth Organisation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Organization_X" title="Organization X">Organization X</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Political Parties</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Russian_Party" title="Russian Party">Napist Party</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/English_Party" title="English Party">English Party</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nationalist_Party_(Greece)" class="mw-redirect" title="Nationalist Party (Greece)">Nationalist Party</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/People%27s_Party_(Greece)" title="People's Party (Greece)">People's Party</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_Opposition_(Greece)" title="United Opposition (Greece)">United Opposition (Greece)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Union_of_Royalists" title="Union of Royalists">Union of Royalists</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Freethinkers%27_Party" title="Freethinkers' Party">Freethinkers' Party</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Politically_Independent_Alignment" title="Politically Independent Alignment">Politically Independent Alignment</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Greek_Rally" title="Greek Rally">Greek Rally</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Union_of_Populars" title="Union of Populars">Union of Populars</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Popular_Social_Party" title="Popular Social Party">Popular Social Party</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Alignment" title="National Alignment">National Alignment</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Hope" title="National Hope">National Hope</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">People</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Dimitrios_Gounaris" title="Dimitrios Gounaris">Dimitrios Gounaris</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Viktor_Dousmanis" title="Viktor Dousmanis">Viktor Dousmanis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ioannis_Metaxas" title="Ioannis Metaxas">Ioannis Metaxas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Panagis_Tsaldaris" title="Panagis Tsaldaris">Panagis Tsaldaris</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alexandros_Papagos" title="Alexandros Papagos">Alexandros Papagos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Konstantinos_Tsaldaris" title="Konstantinos Tsaldaris">Konstantinos Tsaldaris</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Georgios_Grivas" title="Georgios Grivas">Georgios Grivas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Perikles_Ioannidis" title="Perikles Ioannidis">Perikles Ioannidis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Georgios_Rallis" title="Georgios Rallis">Georgios Rallis</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Historical events</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Balkan_Wars" title="Balkan Wars">Balkan Wars</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Schism" title="National Schism">National Schism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Noemvriana" title="Noemvriana">Noemvriana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Greco-Turkish_war_(1919-1922)" class="mw-redirect" title="Greco-Turkish war (1919-1922)">Greco-Turkish war (1919-1922)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Greek_referendum,_1920" class="mw-redirect" title="Greek referendum, 1920">Greek referendum, 1920</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Great_Fire_of_Smyrna" class="mw-redirect" title="Great Fire of Smyrna">Great Fire of Smyrna</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Greek_monarchy_referendum,_1935" class="mw-redirect" title="Greek monarchy referendum, 1935">Greek monarchy referendum, 1935</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/4th_of_August_Regime" title="4th of August Regime">4th of August Regime</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Military_history_of_Greece_during_World_War_II" title="Military history of Greece during World War II">Greece in WWII</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Greek_Civil_War" title="Greek Civil War">Greek Civil War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Greek_referendum,_1946" class="mw-redirect" title="Greek referendum, 1946">Greek referendum, 1946</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Apostasia_of_1965" title="Apostasia of 1965">Apostasia of 1965</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Greek_military_junta_of_1967%E2%80%9374" class="mw-redirect" title="Greek military junta of 1967–74">King's counter-coup (1967)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Policies</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Greek_language_question" title="Greek language question">Greek language question</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Social_order" title="Social order">Social order</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Greek_nationalism90" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Greek_nationalism" title="Template:Greek nationalism"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Greek_nationalism" title="Template talk:Greek nationalism"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Greek_nationalism" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Greek nationalism"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Greek_nationalism90" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Greek_nationalism" title="Greek nationalism">Greek nationalism</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Ideology</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Modern_Greek_Enlightenment" title="Modern Greek Enlightenment">Modern Greek Enlightenment</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Megali_Idea" title="Megali Idea">Megali Idea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hellenization" title="Hellenization">Hellenization</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Grecoman" class="mw-redirect" title="Grecoman">Grecoman</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Venizelism" title="Venizelism">Venizelism</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Metaxism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Enosis" title="Enosis">Enosis</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Greek_Cypriot_nationalism" title="Greek Cypriot nationalism">Greek Cypriot nationalism</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Organizations</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Filiki_Eteria" title="Filiki Eteria">Filiki Eteria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ethniki_Etaireia" title="Ethniki Etaireia">Ethniki Etaireia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Macedonian_Committee" title="Macedonian Committee">Macedonian Committee</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Goudi_coup" title="Goudi coup">Military League</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Youth_Organisation_(Greece)" title="National Youth Organisation (Greece)">National Youth Organisation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/EDES" title="EDES">EDES</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Northern_Epirus_Liberation_Front" title="Northern Epirus Liberation Front">Northern Epirus Liberation Front</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/EOKA" title="EOKA">EOKA</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/EOKA_B" title="EOKA B">EOKA B</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Political parties</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Russian_Party" title="Russian Party">Napist Party</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_Party_(Greece,_1873)" title="New Party (Greece, 1873)">New Party (1873)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Party_(Greece)" title="National Party (Greece)">National Party</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Liberal_Party_(Greece)" title="Liberal Party (Greece)">Liberal Party</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Freethinkers%27_Party" title="Freethinkers' Party">Freethinkers' Party</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Party_of_Greece" title="National Party of Greece">National Party of Greece</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_Party_(Greece,_1947)" title="New Party (Greece, 1947)">New Party (1947)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Politically_Independent_Alignment" title="Politically Independent Alignment">Politically Independent Alignment</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Greek_Rally" title="Greek Rally">Greek Rally</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Progressive_Party_(Greece)" title="Progressive Party (Greece)">Progressive Party</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/4th_of_August_Party" title="4th of August Party">4th of August Party</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Democratic_Union_(Greece)" title="National Democratic Union (Greece)">National Democratic Union</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Alignment" title="National Alignment">National Alignment</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_Nationalist_Movement" title="United Nationalist Movement">United Nationalist Movement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Party_of_Hellenism" title="Party of Hellenism">Party of Hellenism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Political_Union_(1984)" title="National Political Union (1984)">National Political Union</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Greek_Unity" title="Greek Unity">Greek Unity</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Political_Spring" title="Political Spring">Political Spring</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Golden_Dawn_(Greece)" title="Golden Dawn (Greece)">Golden Dawn</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hellenic_Front" title="Hellenic Front">Hellenic Front</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Front_Line_(political_party)" title="Front Line (political party)">Front Line</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Popular_Orthodox_Rally" title="Popular Orthodox Rally">Popular Orthodox Rally</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Democratic_Revival" title="Democratic Revival">Democratic Revival</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Patriotic_Alliance_(Greece)" title="Patriotic Alliance (Greece)">Patriotic Alliance</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ELAM_(Cyprus)" title="ELAM (Cyprus)">ELAM (Cyprus)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Panhellenic_Macedonian_Front" title="Panhellenic Macedonian Front">Panhellenic Macedonian Front</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Hope" title="National Hope">National Hope</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_Popular_Front" title="United Popular Front">United Popular Front</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Unity_Association" title="National Unity Association">National Unity Association</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Creation_(political_party)" title="Creation (political party)">Creation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Independent_Greeks" title="Independent Greeks">Independent Greeks</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Front_(Greece)" title="National Front (Greece)">National Front</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Union_for_the_Homeland_and_the_People" title="Union for the Homeland and the People">Union for the Homeland and the People</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Assembly_of_Greeks" title="Assembly of Greeks">Assembly of Greeks</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/LEPEN_(political_party)" title="LEPEN (political party)">LEPEN</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Unity_(Greece)" title="National Unity (Greece)">National Unity</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_Right_(Greece)" title="New Right (Greece)">New Right</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Greek_Solution" title="Greek Solution">Greek Solution</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spartans_(Greek_political_party)" title="Spartans (Greek political party)">Spartans</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Niki_(Greek_political_party)" title="Niki (Greek political party)">Victory</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Popular_Consciousness" title="National Popular Consciousness">National Popular Consciousness</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Party_%E2%80%93_Greeks" title="National Party – Greeks">National Party – Greeks</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Free_People_(Greece)" title="Free People (Greece)">Free People</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Patriots_%E2%80%93_Prodromos_Emfietzoglou" title="Patriots – Prodromos Emfietzoglou">Patriots</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Accord" title="National Accord">National Accord</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Creation" title="National Creation">National Creation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Patriotic_Force_for_Change" title="Patriotic Force for Change">Patriotic Force for Change</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Voice_of_Reason_(political_party)" title="Voice of Reason (political party)">Voice of Reason</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">People</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Adamantios_Korais" title="Adamantios Korais">Adamantios Korais</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rigas_Feraios" title="Rigas Feraios">Rigas Feraios</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alexander_Ypsilantis" title="Alexander Ypsilantis">Alexander Ypsilantis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ioannis_Kapodistrias" title="Ioannis Kapodistrias">Ioannis Kapodistrias</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Athanasios_Diakos" title="Athanasios Diakos">Athanasios Diakos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Theodoros_Kolokotronis" title="Theodoros Kolokotronis">Theodoros Kolokotronis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dionysios_Solomos" title="Dionysios Solomos">Dionysios Solomos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Constantine_Paparrigopoulos" title="Constantine Paparrigopoulos">Constantine Paparrigopoulos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aristotelis_Valaoritis" title="Aristotelis Valaoritis">Aristotelis Valaoritis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alexandros_Koumoundouros" title="Alexandros Koumoundouros">Alexandros Koumoundouros</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Theodoros_Diligiannis" title="Theodoros Diligiannis">Theodoros Diligiannis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kostis_Palamas" title="Kostis Palamas">Kostis Palamas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pavlos_Melas" title="Pavlos Melas">Pavlos Melas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ion_Dragoumis" title="Ion Dragoumis">Ion Dragoumis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eleftherios_Venizelos" title="Eleftherios Venizelos">Eleftherios Venizelos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nikolaos_Plastiras" title="Nikolaos Plastiras">Nikolaos Plastiras</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ioannis_Metaxas" title="Ioannis Metaxas">Ioannis Metaxas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Angelos_Sikelianos" title="Angelos Sikelianos">Angelos Sikelianos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alexandros_Papagos" title="Alexandros Papagos">Alexandros Papagos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Napoleon_Zervas" title="Napoleon Zervas">Napoleon Zervas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Georgios_Grivas" title="Georgios Grivas">Georgios Grivas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Georgios_Papadopoulos" title="Georgios Papadopoulos">Georgios Papadopoulos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dimitrios_Ioannidis" title="Dimitrios Ioannidis">Dimitrios Ioannidis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Antonis_Samaras" title="Antonis Samaras">Antonis Samaras</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Historical events</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Greco-Persian_Wars" title="Greco-Persian Wars">Greco-Persian Wars</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Byzantine_Empire_under_the_Palaiologos_dynasty" title="Byzantine Empire under the Palaiologos dynasty">Byzantine Empire under the Palaiologos dynasty</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Greek_War_of_Independence" title="Greek War of Independence">Greek War of Independence</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Epirus_Revolt_of_1854" title="Epirus Revolt of 1854">Epirus Revolt of 1854</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1854_Macedonian_rebellion" title="1854 Macedonian rebellion">1854 Macedonian rebellion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1867_Macedonian_rebellion" title="1867 Macedonian rebellion">1867 Macedonian rebellion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cretan_revolt_(1866%E2%80%931869)" title="Cretan revolt (1866–1869)">Cretan revolt (1866–1869)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cretan_revolt_(1878)" title="Cretan revolt (1878)">Cretan revolt (1878)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Epirus_Revolt_of_1878" title="Epirus Revolt of 1878">Epirus Revolt of 1878</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1878_Macedonian_rebellion" title="1878 Macedonian rebellion">1878 Macedonian rebellion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1896%E2%80%931897_Macedonian_rebellion" title="1896–1897 Macedonian rebellion">1896–1897 Macedonian rebellion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Greco-Turkish_War_(1897)" title="Greco-Turkish War (1897)">Greco-Turkish War (1897)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Macedonian_Struggle" title="Macedonian Struggle">Macedonian Struggle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maratha,_Santalaris_and_Aloda_massacre" title="Maratha, Santalaris and Aloda massacre">Maratha, Santalaris and Aloda massacre</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Theriso_revolt" title="Theriso revolt">Theriso revolt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Greece_in_the_Balkan_Wars" title="Greece in the Balkan Wars">Greece in the Balkan Wars</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Autonomous_Republic_of_Northern_Epirus" title="Autonomous Republic of Northern Epirus">Autonomous Republic of Northern Epirus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Greece_during_World_War_I" title="Greece during World War I">Greece during World War I</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Greco-Turkish_War_(1919%E2%80%931922)" title="Greco-Turkish War (1919–1922)">Greco-Turkish War (1919–1922)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1931_Cyprus_revolt" title="1931 Cyprus revolt">1931 Cyprus revolt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/4th_of_August_Regime" title="4th of August Regime">4th of August Regime</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Greek_resistance" title="Greek resistance">Greek resistance</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cyprus_Emergency" title="Cyprus Emergency">Cyprus Emergency</a> (1955–59)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cypriot_intercommunal_violence#Crisis_of_1963–1964" title="Cypriot intercommunal violence">Cyprus crisis of 1963–64</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bloody_Christmas_(1963)" title="Bloody Christmas (1963)">Bloody Christmas (1963)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Greek_junta" title="Greek junta">Greek junta</a> (1967–74)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/1974_Cypriot_coup_d%27%C3%A9tat" title="1974 Cypriot coup d'état">1974 Cypriot coup d'état</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1990_Komotini_events" title="1990 Komotini events">1990 Komotini events</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Policies</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Aromanian_question" title="Aromanian question">Aromanian question</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Geographical_name_changes_in_Greece" title="Geographical name changes in Greece">Geographical name changes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Greek_language_question" title="Greek language question">Greek language question</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Conservatism215" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Conservatism_navbox" title="Template:Conservatism navbox"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Conservatism_navbox" title="Template talk:Conservatism navbox"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Conservatism_navbox" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Conservatism navbox"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Conservatism215" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Conservatism" title="Conservatism">Conservatism</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Schools<br />by region</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">International</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Authoritarian_conservatism" title="Authoritarian conservatism">Authoritarian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Conservative_corporatism" title="Conservative corporatism">Corporatist</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cultural_conservatism" title="Cultural conservatism">Cultural</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fiscal_conservatism" title="Fiscal conservatism">Fiscal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Green_conservatism" title="Green conservatism">Green</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Liberal_conservatism" title="Liberal conservatism">Liberal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Moderate_conservatism" title="Moderate conservatism">Moderate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_conservatism" title="National conservatism">National</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paternalistic_conservatism" title="Paternalistic conservatism">Paternalistic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Right-wing_populism" title="Right-wing populism">Populist</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pragmatic_conservatism" title="Pragmatic conservatism">Pragmatic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Progressive_conservatism" title="Progressive conservatism">Progressive</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Reactionism" class="mw-redirect" title="Reactionism">Reactionary</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religious_conservatism" class="mw-redirect" title="Religious conservatism">Religious</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Social_conservatism" title="Social conservatism">Social</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Traditionalist_conservatism" title="Traditionalist conservatism">Traditionalist</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ultraconservatism" title="Ultraconservatism">Ultra</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Conservatism#Asia" title="Conservatism">Asia</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Conservatism_in_Greater_China" title="Conservatism in Greater China">China</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Chiangism" title="Chiangism">Chiangism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Confucianism" title="Confucianism">Confucianism</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Neo-Confucianism" title="Neo-Confucianism">Neo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_Confucianism#Mainland_New_Confucianism" title="New Confucianism">New</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Neoauthoritarianism_(China)" title="Neoauthoritarianism (China)">Neoauthoritarianism</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Conservatism#Iran" title="Conservatism">Iran</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Khomeinism" title="Khomeinism">Khomeinism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Monarchism_in_Iran" title="Monarchism in Iran">Monarchist</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Principlists" class="mw-redirect" title="Principlists">Principlist</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Conservatism_in_Israel" title="Conservatism in Israel">Israel</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Jewish_fundamentalism" title="Jewish fundamentalism">Fundamentalist</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jewish_conservatism" title="Jewish conservatism">Jewish</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kahanism" title="Kahanism">Kahanism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zionism" title="Zionism">Zionism</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Neo-Zionism" title="Neo-Zionism">Neo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religious_Zionism" title="Religious Zionism">Religious</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Revisionist_Zionism" title="Revisionist Zionism">Revisionist</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Conservatism_in_Japan" title="Conservatism in Japan">Japan</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Minzoku" class="mw-redirect" title="Minzoku">Minzoku</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Neoconservatism_in_Japan" title="Neoconservatism in Japan">Neo</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Nippon_Kaigi" title="Nippon Kaigi">Nippon Kaigi</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Statism_in_Sh%C5%8Dwa_Japan" title="Statism in Shōwa Japan">Shōwa Statism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/State_Shinto" title="State Shinto">State Shinto</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Conservatism_in_South_Korea" title="Conservatism in South Korea">South Korea</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ilminism" title="Ilminism">Ilminism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_Right_(South_Korea)" title="New Right (South Korea)">New Right</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Conservatism_in_Turkey" title="Conservatism in Turkey">Turkey</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Conservative_democracy" title="Conservative democracy">Democratic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Erdo%C4%9Fanism" title="Erdoğanism">Erdoğanism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Neo-Ottomanism" title="Neo-Ottomanism">Neo-Ottomanism</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Conservatism_in_Bangladesh" title="Conservatism in Bangladesh">Bangladesh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Conservatism_in_Hong_Kong" title="Conservatism in Hong Kong">Hong Kong</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Conservatism_in_India" title="Conservatism in India">India</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Conservatism_in_Malaysia" title="Conservatism in Malaysia">Malaysia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Conservatism_in_Pakistan" title="Conservatism in Pakistan">Pakistan</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ziaism" title="Ziaism">Ziaism</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Conservatism#Singapore" title="Conservatism">Singapore</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Conservatism_in_Taiwan" class="mw-redirect" title="Conservatism in Taiwan">Taiwan</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Chiangism" title="Chiangism">Chiangism</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Conservatism#Europe" title="Conservatism">Europe</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Conservatism_in_France" title="Conservatism in France">France</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span title="French-language text"><i lang="fr"><a href="/wiki/Action_Fran%C3%A7aise" title="Action Française">Action Française</a></i></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bonapartism" title="Bonapartism">Bonapartism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gaullism" title="Gaullism">Gaullism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Integral_nationalism" title="Integral nationalism">Integral nationalism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Legitimists" title="Legitimists">Legitimism</a></li> <li><span title="French-language text"><i lang="fr"><a href="/wiki/Maurrassisme" title="Maurrassisme">Maurrassisme</a></i></span></li> <li><span title="French-language text"><i lang="fr"><a href="/wiki/Nouvelle_Droite" title="Nouvelle Droite">Nouvelle Droite</a></i></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Orl%C3%A9anist" title="Orléanist">Orléanism</a></li> <li><span title="French-language text"><i lang="fr"><a href="/wiki/R%C3%A9volution_nationale" title="Révolution nationale">Révolution nationale</a></i></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sarkozysm" title="Sarkozysm">Sarkozysm</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ultra-royalist" title="Ultra-royalist">Ultra-royalism</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Conservatism_in_Germany" title="Conservatism in Germany">Germany</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Agrarian_conservatism_in_Germany" title="Agrarian conservatism in Germany">Agrarian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Right_Hegelians" title="Right Hegelians">Hegelian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/German_historical_school" title="German historical school">Historical School</a></li> <li><span title="German-language text"><i lang="de"><a href="/wiki/Neue_Rechte" title="Neue Rechte">Neue Rechte</a></i></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ordoliberalism" title="Ordoliberalism">Ordoliberalism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prussianism" title="Prussianism">Prussianism</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Prussian_cameralism" class="mw-redirect" title="Prussian cameralism">Cameralistic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prussian_socialism" class="mw-redirect" title="Prussian socialism">Socialist</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Conservative_Revolution" title="Conservative Revolution">Revolutionary</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Conservative_Revolution#Young_conservatives" title="Conservative Revolution">Young</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ritter_School" title="Ritter School">Ritter School</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/German_Romanticism" title="German Romanticism">Romanticism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/State_Socialism_(Germany)" title="State Socialism (Germany)">State Socialism</a></li> <li><span title="German-language text"><i lang="de"><a href="/wiki/V%C3%B6lkisch_nationalism" title="Völkisch nationalism">Völkisch</a></i></span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Conservatism_in_Italy" title="Conservatism in Italy">Italy</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Berlusconism" title="Berlusconism">Berlusconism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Historical_Right" title="Historical Right">Historical Right</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Italian_school_of_elitism" class="mw-redirect" title="Italian school of elitism">Italian school of elitism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Neo-Bourbonism" title="Neo-Bourbonism">Neo-Bourbonism</a></li> <li><span title="Italian-language text"><i lang="it"><a href="/wiki/Sanfedismo" title="Sanfedismo">Sanfedismo</a></i></span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Conservatism#Poland" title="Conservatism">Poland</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Golden_Liberty" title="Golden Liberty">Golden Liberty</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Kaczyzm" title="Kaczyzm">Kaczyzm</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Democracy_(Poland)" title="National Democracy (Poland)">National Democracy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sarmatism" title="Sarmatism">Sarmatism</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Conservatism_in_Russia" title="Conservatism in Russia">Russia</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Duginism" class="mw-redirect" title="Duginism">Duginism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eurasianism" title="Eurasianism">Eurasianism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Monarchism_in_Russia" title="Monarchism in Russia">Monarchist</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Black_Hundreds" title="Black Hundreds">Black-hundredism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tsarist_autocracy" title="Tsarist autocracy">Tsarism</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Putinism" title="Putinism">Putinism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Slavophilia" title="Slavophilia">Slavophilia</a> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Pochvennichestvo" title="Pochvennichestvo">Pochvennichestvo</a></i></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Traditionalism_(Spain)" title="Traditionalism (Spain)">Spain</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Alfonsism" title="Alfonsism">Alfonsism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Carlism" title="Carlism">Carlism</a> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Carloctavismo" title="Carloctavismo">Carloctavismo</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Carlo-francoism" title="Carlo-francoism">Carlo-francoism</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Francoism" class="mw-redirect" title="Francoism">Francoism</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/National_Catholicism" title="National Catholicism">National Catholicism</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Integrism_(Spain)" title="Integrism (Spain)">Integrism</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Mellismo" title="Mellismo">Mellismo</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maurism" title="Maurism">Maurism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Neocat%C3%B3licos" title="Neocatólicos">Neocatholicism</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Noucentisme" title="Noucentisme">Noucentisme</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Conservatism_in_the_United_Kingdom" title="Conservatism in the United Kingdom">United<br />Kingdom</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Political_positions_of_David_Cameron" title="Political positions of David Cameron">Cameronism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Civic_conservatism" class="mw-redirect" title="Civic conservatism">Civic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Compassionate_conservatism" title="Compassionate conservatism">Compassionate</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Muscular_liberalism" title="Muscular liberalism">Muscular liberalism</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jacobitism" title="Jacobitism">Jacobitism</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Neo-Jacobite_Revival" title="Neo-Jacobite Revival">Neo-Jacobite Revival</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/British_neoconservatism" title="British neoconservatism">Neo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/One-nation_conservatism" title="One-nation conservatism">One-nationism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Powellism" title="Powellism">Powellism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thatcherism" title="Thatcherism">Thatcherism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tory" title="Tory">Toryism</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/High_Tory" title="High Tory">High</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Red_Tory" title="Red Tory">Red</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tory_socialism" title="Tory socialism">Social</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Conservatism#Austria" title="Conservatism">Austria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Conservatism#Belgium" title="Conservatism">Belgium</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Rexist_Party" title="Rexist Party">Rexism</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Conservatism#Denmark" title="Conservatism">Denmark</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Conservatism#Finland" title="Conservatism">Finland</a></li> <li>Georgia <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Monarchism_in_Georgia" title="Monarchism in Georgia">Monarchist</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Conservatism_in_Greece" class="mw-redirect" title="Conservatism in Greece">Greece</a> <ul><li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Metaxism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Right-wing_populism#Greece" title="Right-wing populism">Populist</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Conservatism#Hungary" title="Conservatism">Hungary</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Conservatism#Iceland" title="Conservatism">Iceland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Conservatism#Luxembourg" title="Conservatism">Luxembourg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Conservatism#Netherlands" title="Conservatism">Netherlands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Conservatism#Norway" title="Conservatism">Norway</a></li> <li>Portugal <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Miguelist" title="Miguelist">Miguelist</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Integralismo_Lusitano" title="Integralismo Lusitano">Integralismo Lusitano</a></li></ul></li> <li>Romania <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Monarchism_in_Romania" title="Monarchism in Romania">Monarchist</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Conservatism_in_Serbia" title="Conservatism in Serbia">Serbia</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Monarchism_in_Serbia" title="Monarchism in Serbia">Monarchist</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Conservatism_in_Sweden" title="Conservatism in Sweden">Sweden</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Conservatism#Switzerland" title="Conservatism">Switzerland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Conservatism#Ukraine" title="Conservatism">Ukraine</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Liberalism_and_conservatism_in_Latin_America" title="Liberalism and conservatism in Latin America">Latin America</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Argentina</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Federal_Peronism" title="Federal Peronism">Federal Peronism</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Maurrassisme_in_Argentina" title="Maurrassisme in Argentina">Maurrasismo</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Menemism" title="Menemism">Menemism</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Nacionalismo" title="Nacionalismo">Nacionalismo</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Orthodox_Peronism" title="Orthodox Peronism">Orthodox Peronism</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Conservatism_in_Brazil" title="Conservatism in Brazil">Brazil</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bolsonarism" title="Bolsonarism">Bolsonarism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Coronelism" title="Coronelism">Coronelism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brazilian_Integralism" class="mw-redirect" title="Brazilian Integralism">Integralism</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Janismo" title="Janismo">Janismo</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Monarchism_in_Brazil" title="Monarchism in Brazil">Monarchist</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Patrianovism" title="Patrianovism">Patrianovism</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Right-wing_populism#Brazil" title="Right-wing populism">Populism</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Conservatism#Chile" title="Conservatism">Chile</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Gremialismo" title="Gremialismo">Gremialismo</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pinochetism" title="Pinochetism">Pinochetism</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Conservatism_in_North_America#Belize" title="Conservatism in North America">Belize</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Conservatism_in_Colombia" title="Conservatism in Colombia">Colombia</a> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Gustavo_Rojas_Pinilla#Ideology" title="Gustavo Rojas Pinilla">Rojismo</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Uribism" class="mw-redirect" title="Uribism">Uribism</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Conservatism_in_North_America#Cuba" title="Conservatism in North America">Cuba</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Conservatism_in_North_America#Guatemala" title="Conservatism in North America">Guatemala</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Conservatism_in_North_America#Mexico" title="Conservatism in North America">Mexico</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cristero" class="mw-redirect" title="Cristero">Cristero</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Conservatism_in_North_America#Panama" title="Conservatism in North America">Panama</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Conservatism_in_Peru" title="Conservatism in Peru">Peru</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Fujimorism" title="Fujimorism">Fujimorism</a></li> <li> <i><a href="/wiki/Manuel_A._Odr%C3%ADa#1948_Peruvian_coup_d’etat_and_Presidency" title="Manuel A. Odría">Odriismo</a></i></li></ul></li> <li>Uruguay <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Herrerism" title="Herrerism">Herrerism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Riverism" title="Riverism">Riverism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ruralism_(Uruguay)" title="Ruralism (Uruguay)"><i>Ruralismo</i></a></li></ul></li> <li>Venezuela <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Marcos_P%C3%A9rez_Jim%C3%A9nez#Legacy" title="Marcos Pérez Jiménez">Perezjimenismo</a></i></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Conservatism_in_North_America" title="Conservatism in North America">North America</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Conservatism_in_Canada" title="Conservatism in Canada">Canada</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Populism_in_Canada" title="Populism in Canada">Populism</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Trumpism_in_Canada" class="mw-redirect" title="Trumpism in Canada">Trumpism</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Clerico-nationalism" title="Clerico-nationalism">Clerico-nationalism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Social_conservatism_in_Canada" title="Social conservatism in Canada">Social</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tory" title="Tory">Toryism</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Blue_Tory" title="Blue Tory">Blue</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Red_Tory" title="Red Tory">Red</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Toryism" class="mw-redirect" title="Toryism">Pink</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Conservatism_in_the_United_States" title="Conservatism in the United States">United<br />States</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Compassionate_conservatism" title="Compassionate conservatism">Compassionate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Libertarian_conservatism" title="Libertarian conservatism">Libertarian</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Fusionism" title="Fusionism">Fusionism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paleolibertarianism" title="Paleolibertarianism">Paleo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tea_Party_movement" title="Tea Party movement">Tea Party</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Movement_conservatism" title="Movement conservatism">Movement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Neoconservatism" title="Neoconservatism">Neo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Old_Right_(United_States)" title="Old Right (United States)">Old Right</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paleoconservatism" title="Paleoconservatism">Paleo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Reaganism" class="mw-redirect" title="Reaganism">Reaganism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Social_conservatism_in_the_United_States" title="Social conservatism in the United States">Social</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Traditionalist_conservatism_in_the_United_States" title="Traditionalist conservatism in the United States">Traditionalist</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trumpism" title="Trumpism">Trumpism</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Conservatism#Oceania" title="Conservatism">Oceania</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Conservatism_in_Australia" title="Conservatism in Australia">Australia</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Centre_Right_(Liberal_Party_of_Australia)" title="Centre Right (Liberal Party of Australia)">Centre Right</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Right_(Liberal_Party_of_Australia)" title="National Right (Liberal Party of Australia)">National Right</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Historic_conservatism_in_New_Zealand" title="Historic conservatism in New Zealand">New Zealand</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Philosophy</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Principles</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Veneration_of_the_dead" title="Veneration of the dead">Ancestral worship</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Authority" title="Authority">Authority</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Traditional_authority" title="Traditional authority">Traditional</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Class_collaboration" title="Class collaboration">Class collaboration</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Consociationalism" title="Consociationalism">Consociationalism</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Clericalism" title="Clericalism">Clericalism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Collective_identity" title="Collective identity">Collective identity</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Confessionalism_(politics)" title="Confessionalism (politics)">Confessionalism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cultural_assimilation" title="Cultural assimilation">Cultural assimilation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cultural_heritage" title="Cultural heritage">Cultural heritage</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Value_(ethics_and_social_sciences)#Cultural_values" class="mw-redirect" title="Value (ethics and social sciences)">Cultural values</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Culture_of_life" title="Culture of life">Culture of life</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Anti-abortion_movements" title="Anti-abortion movements">Pro-Life</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Discipline" title="Discipline">Discipline</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Duty" title="Duty">Duty</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elitism" title="Elitism">Elitism</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Aristocracy" title="Aristocracy">Aristocracy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Meritocracy" title="Meritocracy">Meritocracy</a></li> <li><span title="French-language text"><i lang="fr"><a href="/wiki/Noblesse_oblige" title="Noblesse oblige">Noblesse oblige</a></i></span></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sittlichkeit" title="Sittlichkeit">Ethical order</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Familialism" title="Familialism">Familialism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Family_values" title="Family values">Family values</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fundamentalism" title="Fundamentalism">Fundamentalism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gender_role" title="Gender role">Gender role</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Complementarianism" title="Complementarianism">Complementarianism</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Honour" title="Honour">Honour</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Imperialism" title="Imperialism">Imperialism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Loyalty" title="Loyalty">Loyalty</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Monarchism" title="Monarchism">Monarchism</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Royalist" title="Royalist">Royalist</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Natural_law" title="Natural law">Natural law</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Natural_order_(philosophy)" title="Natural order (philosophy)">Natural Order</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Social_norm" title="Social norm">Norms</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Convention_(norm)" title="Convention (norm)">Conventions</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Customary_law" title="Customary law">Customs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mores" title="Mores">Mores</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ordered_liberty" title="Ordered liberty">Ordered liberty</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Organicism#In_politics_and_sociology" title="Organicism">Organicism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Organized_religion" title="Organized religion">Organized religion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Orthodoxy" title="Orthodoxy">Orthodoxy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Patriotism" title="Patriotism">Patriotism</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Nationalism" title="Nationalism">Nationalism</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Personalism" title="Personalism">Personalism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Philosophical_realism" title="Philosophical realism">Philosophical realism</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Moral_realism" title="Moral realism">Moral realism</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Private_property" title="Private property">Private property</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Protectionism" title="Protectionism">Protectionism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Public_morality" title="Public morality">Public morality</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rule_of_law" title="Rule of law">Rule of law</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Social_stratification" title="Social stratification">Social hierarchy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Institution" title="Institution">Social institutions</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Social_order" title="Social order">Social order</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Solidarity" title="Solidarity">Solidarity</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sovereignty" title="Sovereignty">Sovereignty</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/State_religion" title="State religion">State religion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stewardship_(theology)" title="Stewardship (theology)">Stewardship</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Subsidiarity" title="Subsidiarity">Subsidiarity</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tradition" title="Tradition">Tradition</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Intellectuals</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Jacques_Bainville" title="Jacques Bainville">Bainville</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Augustin_Barruel" title="Augustin Barruel">Barruel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hilaire_Belloc" title="Hilaire Belloc">Belloc</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Louis_de_Bonald" title="Louis de Bonald">Bonald</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_F._Buckley_Jr." title="William F. Buckley Jr.">Buckley Jr.</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Edmund_Burke" title="Edmund Burke">Burke</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_Burnham" title="James Burnham">Burnham</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thomas_Carlyle" title="Thomas Carlyle">Carlyle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fran%C3%A7ois-Ren%C3%A9_de_Chateaubriand" title="François-René de Chateaubriand">Chateaubriand</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/G._K._Chesterton" title="G. K. Chesterton">Chesterton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Samuel_Taylor_Coleridge" title="Samuel Taylor Coleridge">Coleridge</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Auguste_Comte" title="Auguste Comte">Comte</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Juan_Donoso_Cort%C3%A9s" title="Juan Donoso Cortés">Cortés</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nicol%C3%A1s_G%C3%B3mez_D%C3%A1vila" title="Nicolás Gómez Dávila">Dávila</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fyodor_Dostoevsky" title="Fyodor Dostoevsky">Dostoevsky</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/T._S._Eliot" title="T. S. Eliot">Eliot</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Julius_Evola" title="Julius Evola">Evola</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ahmad_Fardid" title="Ahmad Fardid">Fardid</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Friedrich_von_Gentz" title="Friedrich von Gentz">Gentz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Karl_Ludwig_von_Haller" title="Karl Ludwig von Haller">Haller</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peter_Hitchens" title="Peter Hitchens">Hitchens</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/David_Hume" title="David Hume">Hume</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nicolae_Iorga" title="Nicolae Iorga">Iorga</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Samuel_Johnson" title="Samuel Johnson">Johnson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ernst_J%C3%BCnger" title="Ernst Jünger">Jünger</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nikolay_Karamzin" title="Nikolay Karamzin">Karamzin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Russell_Kirk" title="Russell Kirk">Kirk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Erik_von_Kuehnelt-Leddihn" title="Erik von Kuehnelt-Leddihn">Kuehnelt-Leddihn</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/F%C3%A9licit%C3%A9_de_La_Mennais" title="Félicité de La Mennais">La Mennais</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gustave_Le_Bon" title="Gustave Le Bon">Le Bon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pierre_Guillaume_Fr%C3%A9d%C3%A9ric_le_Play" title="Pierre Guillaume Frédéric le Play">Le Play</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Konstantin_Leontiev" title="Konstantin Leontiev">Leontiev</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/C._S._Lewis" title="C. S. Lewis">Lewis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joseph_de_Maistre" title="Joseph de Maistre">Maistre</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Harvey_Mansfield" title="Harvey Mansfield">Mansfield</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_Maurras" title="Charles Maurras">Maurras</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marcelino_Men%C3%A9ndez_y_Pelayo" title="Marcelino Menéndez y Pelayo">Menéndez</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hannah_More" title="Hannah More">More</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Adam_M%C3%BCller" title="Adam Müller">Müller</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Henry_Newman" title="John Henry Newman">Newman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_Nisbet" title="Robert Nisbet">Nisbet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Novalis" title="Novalis">Novalis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Michael_Oakeshott" title="Michael Oakeshott">Oakeshott</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Plinio_Corr%C3%AAa_de_Oliveira" title="Plinio Corrêa de Oliveira">Corrêa de Oliveira</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jordan_Peterson" title="Jordan Peterson">Peterson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Leopold_von_Ranke" title="Leopold von Ranke">Ranke</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ernest_Renan" title="Ernest Renan">Renan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Antoine_de_Rivarol" title="Antoine de Rivarol">Rivarol</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wilhelm_R%C3%B6pke" title="Wilhelm Röpke">Röpke</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_Santayana" title="George Santayana">Santayana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Friedrich_Carl_von_Savigny" title="Friedrich Carl von Savigny">Savigny</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Friedrich_Schlegel" title="Friedrich Schlegel">Schlegel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Carl_Schmitt" title="Carl Schmitt">Schmitt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roger_Scruton" title="Roger Scruton">Scruton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aleksandr_Solzhenitsyn" title="Aleksandr Solzhenitsyn">Solzhenitsyn</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thomas_Sowell" title="Thomas Sowell">Sowell</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Othmar_Spann" title="Othmar Spann">Spann</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oswald_Spengler" title="Oswald Spengler">Spengler</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Friedrich_Julius_Stahl" title="Friedrich Julius Stahl">Stahl</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Leo_Strauss" title="Leo Strauss">Strauss</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hippolyte_Taine" title="Hippolyte Taine">Taine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alexis_de_Tocqueville" title="Alexis de Tocqueville">Tocqueville</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sergey_Uvarov" title="Sergey Uvarov">Uvarov</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eric_Voegelin" title="Eric Voegelin">Voegelin</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Politics</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/List_of_conservative_parties" class="mw-redirect" title="List of conservative parties">Organisations</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/European_Conservatives_and_Reformists_Party" title="European Conservatives and Reformists Party">European Conservatives and Reformists Party</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/European_People%27s_Party" title="European People's Party">European People's Party</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Identity_and_Democracy" title="Identity and Democracy">Identity and Democracy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/International_Democrat_Union" class="mw-redirect" title="International Democrat Union">International Democrat Union</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/International_Monarchist_League" title="International Monarchist League">International Monarchist League</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Muslim_Brotherhood" title="Muslim Brotherhood">Muslim Brotherhood</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tradition,_Family,_Property" title="Tradition, Family, Property">Tradition, Family, Property</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Politicians</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Shinzo_Abe" title="Shinzo Abe">Abe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Adams" title="John Adams">Adams</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Konrad_Adenauer" title="Konrad Adenauer">Adenauer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Giulio_Andreotti" title="Giulio Andreotti">Andreotti</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Silvio_Berlusconi" title="Silvio Berlusconi">Berlusconi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Otto_von_Bismarck" title="Otto von Bismarck">Bismarck</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jair_Bolsonaro" title="Jair Bolsonaro">Bolsonaro</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_W._Bush" title="George W. Bush">GW Bush</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_Canning" title="George Canning">Canning</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chiang_Kai-shek" title="Chiang Kai-shek">Chiang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Winston_Churchill" title="Winston Churchill">Churchill</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Diefenbaker" title="John Diefenbaker">Diefenbaker</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Benjamin_Disraeli" title="Benjamin Disraeli">Disraeli</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roman_Dmowski" title="Roman Dmowski">Dmowski</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Engelbert_Dollfuss" title="Engelbert Dollfuss">Dollfuss</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Recep_Tayyip_Erdo%C4%9Fan" title="Recep Tayyip Erdoğan">Erdoğan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Francisco_Franco" title="Francisco Franco">Franco</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alberto_Fujimori" title="Alberto Fujimori">Fujimori</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_de_Gaulle" title="Charles de Gaulle">de Gaulle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stephen_Harper" title="Stephen Harper">Harper</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mikl%C3%B3s_Horthy" title="Miklós Horthy">Horthy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Paul_II" class="mw-redirect" title="John Paul II">John Paul II</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jaros%C5%82aw_Kaczy%C5%84ski" title="Jarosław Kaczyński">Kaczyński</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ali_Khamenei" title="Ali Khamenei">Khamenei</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ruhollah_Khomeini" title="Ruhollah Khomeini">Khomeini</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Helmut_Kohl" title="Helmut Kohl">Kohl</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marine_Le_Pen" title="Marine Le Pen">Le Pen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lee_Kuan_Yew" title="Lee Kuan Yew">Lee</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_A._Macdonald" title="John A. Macdonald">Macdonald</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Carl_Gustaf_Emil_Mannerheim" title="Carl Gustaf Emil Mannerheim">Mannerheim</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ferdinand_Marcos" title="Ferdinand Marcos">Marcos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_Maurras" title="Charles Maurras">Maurras</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_Menzies" title="Robert Menzies">Menzies</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ioannis_Metaxas" title="Ioannis Metaxas">Metaxas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Klemens_von_Metternich" title="Klemens von Metternich">Metternich</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mobutu_Sese_Seko" title="Mobutu Sese Seko">Mobutu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Narendra_Modi" title="Narendra Modi">Modi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Benjamin_Netanyahu" title="Benjamin Netanyahu">Netanyahu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Viktor_Orb%C3%A1n" title="Viktor Orbán">Orbán</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Park_Chung_Hee" title="Park Chung Hee">Park</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marcos_P%C3%A9rez_Jim%C3%A9nez" title="Marcos Pérez Jiménez">Pérez Jiménez</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Augusto_Pinochet" title="Augusto Pinochet">Pinochet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Pitt_the_Younger" title="William Pitt the Younger">Pitt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Enoch_Powell" title="Enoch Powell">Powell</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Enric_Prat_de_la_Riba" title="Enric Prat de la Riba">Prat de la Riba</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vladimir_Putin" title="Vladimir Putin">Putin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ronald_Reagan" title="Ronald Reagan">Reagan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ant%C3%B3nio_de_Oliveira_Salazar" title="António de Oliveira Salazar">Salazar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_Gascoyne-Cecil,_3rd_Marquess_of_Salisbury" title="Robert Gascoyne-Cecil, 3rd Marquess of Salisbury">Salisbury</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ian_Smith" title="Ian Smith">Smith</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pyotr_Stolypin" title="Pyotr Stolypin">Stolypin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Suharto" title="Suharto">Suharto</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Margaret_Thatcher" title="Margaret Thatcher">Thatcher</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rafael_Trujillo" title="Rafael Trujillo">Trujillo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Donald_Trump" title="Donald Trump">Trump</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Atal_Bihari_Vajpayee" title="Atal Bihari Vajpayee">Vajpayee</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%C3%89amon_de_Valera" title="Éamon de Valera">de Valera</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Muhammad_Zia-ul-Haq" class="mw-redirect" title="Muhammad Zia-ul-Haq">Zia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%C3%89ric_Zemmour" title="Éric Zemmour">Zemmour</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Conservatism#Religious_conservatism" title="Conservatism">Religion</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Christian_democracy" title="Christian democracy">Christian democracy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christianity_and_politics#Conservatism" title="Christianity and politics">Christian politics</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Theonomy" title="Theonomy">Theonomy</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christian_right" title="Christian right">Christian right</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Theoconservatism" class="mw-redirect" title="Theoconservatism">Theoconservatism</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Confucianism" title="Confucianism">Confucianism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hindutva" title="Hindutva">Hindutva</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jewish_conservatism" title="Jewish conservatism">Jewish conservatism</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Religious_Zionism" title="Religious Zionism">Religious Zionism</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Islamism" title="Islamism">Islamism</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Islamic_economics" title="Islamic economics">Islamic economics</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Theravada" title="Theravada">Theravada</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Buddhist_economics" title="Buddhist economics">Buddhist economics</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Traditionalist_Catholicism" title="Traditionalist Catholicism">Traditionalist Catholicism</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Catholic_social_teaching" title="Catholic social teaching">Catholic social teaching</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Distributism" title="Distributism">Distributism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Integralism" title="Integralism">Integralism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ultramontanism" title="Ultramontanism">Ultramontanism</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Traditionalist_School_(perennialism)" class="mw-redirect" title="Traditionalist School (perennialism)">Traditionalist School</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Historical<br />background</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Ancien_r%C3%A9gime" title="Ancien régime">Ancien régime</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bourbon_Restoration_in_France" title="Bourbon Restoration in France">Bourbon Restauration</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Congress_of_Vienna" title="Congress of Vienna">Congress of Vienna</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Concert_of_Europe" title="Concert of Europe">Concert of Europe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Conservative_Order" title="Conservative Order">Conservative Order</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Counter-Enlightenment" title="Counter-Enlightenment">Counter-Enlightenment</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/German_Romanticism" title="German Romanticism">German Romanticism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Holy_Alliance" title="Holy Alliance">Holy Alliance</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ultra-royalist" title="Ultra-royalist">Ultra-royalism</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Related</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th id="Ideologies1176" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Ideologies</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Agrarianism" title="Agrarianism">Agrarianism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Clerical_fascism" title="Clerical fascism">Clerical fascism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Communitarianism" title="Communitarianism">Communitarianism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Conservative_liberalism" title="Conservative liberalism">Conservative liberalism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Corporatism" title="Corporatism">Corporatism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Localism_(politics)" title="Localism (politics)">Localism</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Anti-communism" 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