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class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" > Toggle the table of contents </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading">Deseret alphabet</h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" 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Available in 18 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-18" aria-hidden="true" > 18 languages </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Deseret-alfabetet" title="Deseret-alfabetet – Danish" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Deseret-alfabetet" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Danish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Dansk</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Deseret-Alphabet" title="Deseret-Alphabet – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Deseret-Alphabet" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target">Deutsch</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alfabeto_Deseret" title="Alfabeto Deseret – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Alfabeto Deseret" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Español</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Desereta_alfabeto" title="Desereta alfabeto – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Desereta alfabeto" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target">Esperanto</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alphabet_d%C3%A9s%C3%A9ret" title="Alphabet déséret – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Alphabet déséret" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target">Français</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EB%8D%B0%EC%A0%80%EB%A0%9B_%EB%AC%B8%EC%9E%90" title="데저렛 문자 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="데저렛 문자" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target">한국어</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alfabet_Deseret" title="Alfabet Deseret – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Alfabet Deseret" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Bahasa Indonesia</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alfabeto_deseret" title="Alfabeto deseret – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Alfabeto deseret" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Italiano</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Deseretas" title="Deseretas – Lithuanian" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Deseretas" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="Lithuanian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Lietuvių</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lfn mw-list-item"><a href="https://lfn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alfabeta_deseret" title="Alfabeta deseret – Lingua Franca Nova" lang="lfn" hreflang="lfn" data-title="Alfabeta deseret" data-language-autonym="Lingua Franca Nova" data-language-local-name="Lingua Franca Nova" class="interlanguage-link-target">Lingua Franca Nova</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%83%87%E3%82%B6%E3%83%AC%E3%83%83%E3%83%88%E6%96%87%E5%AD%97" title="デザレット文字 – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="デザレット文字" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target">日本語</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alfabet_deseret" title="Alfabet deseret – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Alfabet deseret" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Polski</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alfabeto_Deseret" title="Alfabeto Deseret – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Alfabeto Deseret" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target">Português</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%94%D0%B5%D0%B7%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B5%D1%82%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%B9_%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%84%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%B8%D1%82" title="Дезеретский алфавит – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Дезеретский алфавит" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Русский</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Deseret_alphabet" title="Deseret alphabet – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Deseret alphabet" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target">Simple English</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Deseretin_aakkoset" title="Deseretin aakkoset – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Deseretin aakkoset" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Suomi</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a 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Click here for more information." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/94/Symbol_support_vote.svg/19px-Symbol_support_vote.svg.png" decoding="async" width="19" height="20" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/94/Symbol_support_vote.svg/29px-Symbol_support_vote.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/94/Symbol_support_vote.svg/39px-Symbol_support_vote.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /></a></div></div> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">19th-century phonetic writing system devised by the LDS Church</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">"Mormon script" redirects here. For alleged script of portions of the Book of Mormon, see <a href="/wiki/Reformed_Egyptian" title="Reformed Egyptian">Reformed Egyptian</a>.</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1235681985">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #aaa;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em;background-color:var(--background-color-interactive-subtle,#f8f9fa);display:flow-root}.mw-parser-output .side-box-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{padding:0.25em 0.9em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-image{padding:2px 0 2px 0.9em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-imageright{padding:2px 0.9em 2px 0;text-align:center}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .side-box-flex{display:flex;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{flex:1;min-width:0}}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .side-box{width:238px}.mw-parser-output .side-box-right{clear:right;float:right;margin-left:1em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-left{margin-right:1em}}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1092331828">@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .contains-special-characters{width:22em}}</style><div class="side-box metadata side-box-right contains-special-characters noprint selfref"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1126788409">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-image"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9d/Deseret_capital_Dee.svg/36px-Deseret_capital_Dee.svg.png" decoding="async" width="36" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9d/Deseret_capital_Dee.svg/55px-Deseret_capital_Dee.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9d/Deseret_capital_Dee.svg/73px-Deseret_capital_Dee.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="585" data-file-height="643" /></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist">This article contains <a class="mw-selflink selflink">Deseret alphabet characters</a>. Without proper <a href="/wiki/Help:Multilingual_support#Deseret" title="Help:Multilingual support">rendering support</a>, you may see <a href="/wiki/Specials_(Unicode_block)#Replacement_character" title="Specials (Unicode block)">question marks, boxes, or other symbols</a> instead of Deseret letters.</div></div> </div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above" style="padding:0.25em; background:lightblue;">Deseret alphabet <div style="font-weight:normal">𐐔𐐯𐑅𐐨𐑉𐐯𐐻</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image" style="padding-top:0.4em;padding-bottom:0.4em;"><a href="/wiki/File:Deseret_Alphabet.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Deseret_Alphabet.svg/200px-Deseret_Alphabet.svg.png" decoding="async" width="200" height="21" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Deseret_Alphabet.svg/300px-Deseret_Alphabet.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Deseret_Alphabet.svg/400px-Deseret_Alphabet.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="2916" data-file-height="312" /></a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:0.6em;">Script type</th><td class="infobox-data"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0; line-height:1.25em"> Alphabet </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:0.6em;">Creator</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/George_D._Watt" title="George D. Watt">George D. Watt</a>, under the direction of the <a href="/wiki/Board_of_Regents" class="mw-redirect" title="Board of Regents">Board of Regents</a>, led by <a href="/wiki/Brigham_Young" title="Brigham Young">Brigham Young</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:0.6em;">Published</th><td class="infobox-data"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0; line-height:1.25em"> 1854 </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:0.6em;"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;">Time period</div></th><td class="infobox-data">Mainly 1854–1869; some use in modern era</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:0.6em;">Direction</th><td class="infobox-data">Left-to-right <a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1200582?uselang=en#P1406" title="Edit this on Wikidata"><img alt="Edit this on Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:0.6em;">Languages</th><td class="infobox-data">English</td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background:#ddd">Related scripts</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:0.6em;"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;">Parent systems</div></th><td class="infobox-data"><div style="padding-top:0.15em;"><a href="/wiki/Egyptian_hieroglyphs" title="Egyptian hieroglyphs">Egyptian hieroglyphs</a><ul><li><a href="/wiki/Proto-Sinaitic_script" title="Proto-Sinaitic script">Proto-Sinaitic script</a><ul style="margin-left:0.8em;"><li><a href="/wiki/Phoenician_alphabet" title="Phoenician alphabet">Phoenician alphabet</a><ul style="margin-left:0.8em;"><li><a href="/wiki/Greek_alphabet" title="Greek alphabet">Greek alphabet</a><ul style="margin-left:0.8em;"><li><a href="/wiki/Old_Italic_scripts" title="Old Italic scripts">Old Italic</a><ul style="margin-left:0.8em;"><li><a href="/wiki/Latin_alphabet" title="Latin alphabet">Latin alphabet</a><ul style="margin-left:0.8em;"><li><a href="/wiki/Isaac_Pitman" title="Isaac Pitman">Isaac Pitman</a> phonotypy<ul style="margin-left:0.8em;"><li><a href="/wiki/English_Phonotypic_Alphabet" title="English Phonotypic Alphabet">English Phonotypic Alphabet</a><ul style="margin-left:0.8em;"><li>Deseret alphabet</li></ul></li></ul></li></ul></li></ul></li></ul></li></ul></li></ul></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background:#ddd">ISO 15924</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:0.6em;"><a href="/wiki/ISO_15924" title="ISO 15924">ISO 15924</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r886049734">.mw-parser-output .monospaced{font-family:monospace,monospace}</style>Dsrt <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r886049734">(250), Deseret (Mormon)</td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background:#ddd"><a href="/wiki/Unicode" title="Unicode">Unicode</a></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:0.6em;"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;">Unicode alias</div></th><td class="infobox-data">Deseret</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:0.6em;"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;"><a href="/wiki/Unicode_range" class="mw-redirect" title="Unicode range">Unicode range</a></div></th><td class="infobox-data"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.unicode.org/charts/PDF/U10400.pdf">U+10400–U+1044F</a></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-below noprint selfref" style="text-align:left; background:#eee;"> This article contains <a href="/wiki/Phonetic_transcription" title="Phonetic transcription">phonetic transcriptions</a> in the <a href="/wiki/International_Phonetic_Alphabet" title="International Phonetic Alphabet">International Phonetic Alphabet</a> (IPA). For an introductory guide on IPA symbols, see <a href="/wiki/Help:IPA" title="Help:IPA">Help:IPA</a>. For the distinction between [ ], / / and ⟨ ⟩, see <a href="/wiki/International_Phonetic_Alphabet#Brackets_and_transcription_delimiters" title="International Phonetic Alphabet">IPA § Brackets and transcription delimiters</a>.</td></tr></tbody></table> The Deseret alphabet (<a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/English" title="Help:IPA/English">/ˌdɛzəˈrɛt/</a> <span data-nosnippet="" id="ooui-php-1" class="ext-phonos-PhonosButton noexcerpt ext-phonos-PhonosButton-emptylabel oo-ui-widget oo-ui-widget-enabled oo-ui-buttonElement oo-ui-buttonElement-frameless oo-ui-iconElement oo-ui-buttonWidget" data-ooui="{"_":"mw.Phonos.PhonosButton","href":"\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/transcoded\/5\/5f\/En-us-Deseret.ogg\/En-us-Deseret.ogg.mp3","rel":["nofollow"],"framed":false,"icon":"volumeUp","data":{"ipa":"","text":"","lang":"en","wikibase":"","file":"En-us-Deseret.ogg"},"classes":["ext-phonos-PhonosButton","noexcerpt","ext-phonos-PhonosButton-emptylabel"]}"><a role="button" tabindex="0" href="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/5/5f/En-us-Deseret.ogg/En-us-Deseret.ogg.mp3" rel="nofollow" aria-label="Play audio" title="Play audio" class="oo-ui-buttonElement-button"></a><a href="/wiki/File:En-us-Deseret.ogg" title="File:En-us-Deseret.ogg">ⓘ</a>;<a href="#cite_note-1">[1]</a> Deseret: <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1094882035">.mw-parser-output .script-Cprt{font-size:1.25em;font-family:"Segoe UI Historic","Noto Sans Cypriot",Code2001}.mw-parser-output .script-Hano{font-size:125%;font-family:"Noto Sans Hanunoo",FreeSerif,Quivira}.mw-parser-output .script-Latf,.mw-parser-output .script-de-Latf{font-size:1.25em;font-family:"Breitkopf Fraktur",UnifrakturCook,UniFrakturMaguntia,MarsFraktur,"MarsFraktur OT",KochFraktur,"KochFraktur OT",OffenbacherSchwabOT,"LOB.AlteSchwabacher","LOV.AlteSchwabacher","LOB.AtlantisFraktur","LOV.AtlantisFraktur","LOB.BreitkopfFraktur","LOV.BreitkopfFraktur","LOB.FetteFraktur","LOV.FetteFraktur","LOB.Fraktur3","LOV.Fraktur3","LOB.RochFraktur","LOV.RochFraktur","LOB.PostFraktur","LOV.PostFraktur","LOB.RuelhscheFraktur","LOV.RuelhscheFraktur","LOB.RungholtFraktur","LOV.RungholtFraktur","LOB.TheuerbankFraktur","LOV.TheuerbankFraktur","LOB.VinetaFraktur","LOV.VinetaFraktur","LOB.WalbaumFraktur","LOV.WalbaumFraktur","LOB.WeberMainzerFraktur","LOV.WeberMainzerFraktur","LOB.WieynckFraktur","LOV.WieynckFraktur","LOB.ZentenarFraktur","LOV.ZentenarFraktur"}.mw-parser-output .script-en-Latf{font-size:1.25em;font-family:Cankama,"Old English Text MT","Textura Libera","Textura Libera Tenuis",London}.mw-parser-output .script-it-Latf{font-size:1.25em;font-family:"Rotunda Pommerania",Rotunda,"Typographer Rotunda"}.mw-parser-output .script-Lina{font-size:1.25em;font-family:"Noto Sans Linear A"}.mw-parser-output .script-Linb{font-size:1.25em;font-family:"Noto Sans Linear B"}.mw-parser-output .script-Ugar{font-size:1.25em;font-family:"Segoe UI Historic","Noto Sans Ugaritic",Aegean}.mw-parser-output .script-Xpeo{font-size:1.25em;font-family:"Segoe UI Historic","Noto Sans Old Persian",Artaxerxes,Xerxes,Aegean}</style>𐐔𐐯𐑅𐐨𐑉𐐯𐐻 or <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1094882035">𐐔𐐯𐑆𐐲𐑉𐐯𐐻) is a <a href="/wiki/Phoneme" title="Phoneme">phonemic</a> <a href="/wiki/English-language_spelling_reform" title="English-language spelling reform">English-language spelling reform</a> developed between 1847 and 1854 by the <a href="/wiki/Board_of_regents" class="mw-redirect" title="Board of regents">board of regents</a> of the <a href="/wiki/University_of_Deseret" class="mw-redirect" title="University of Deseret">University of Deseret</a><a href="#cite_note-2">[2]</a> under the leadership of <a href="/wiki/Brigham_Young" title="Brigham Young">Brigham Young</a>, the second <a href="/wiki/President_of_the_Church_(LDS_Church)" title="President of the Church (LDS Church)">president</a> of <a href="/wiki/The_Church_of_Jesus_Christ_of_Latter-day_Saints" title="The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints">the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints</a> (LDS Church).<a href="#cite_note-Moore2006-3">[3]</a> <a href="/wiki/George_D._Watt" title="George D. Watt">George D. Watt</a> is reported to have been the most actively involved in the development of the script's novel characters,<a href="#cite_note-Moore2006-3">[3]</a><a href="#cite_note-Wentz1978-4">[4]</a><a href="#cite_note-Watt2009-5">[5]</a>: 159  which were used to replace those of <a href="/wiki/Isaac_Pitman" title="Isaac Pitman">Isaac Pitman</a>'s <a href="/wiki/English_Phonotypic_Alphabet" title="English Phonotypic Alphabet">English phonotypic alphabet</a>. He was also the "New Alphabet's" first serious user.<a href="#cite_note-6">[6]</a><a href="#cite_note-Beesley2004-7">[7]</a>: 12  The script gets its name from the word <a href="/wiki/Deseret_(Book_of_Mormon)" title="Deseret (Book of Mormon)">deseret</a>, a <a href="/wiki/Hapax_legomenon" title="Hapax legomenon">hapax legomenon</a> in the <a href="/wiki/Book_of_Mormon" title="Book of Mormon">Book of Mormon</a>, which is said to mean "honeybee" in the only verse it is used in.<a href="#cite_note-8">[8]</a> The Deseret alphabet was an outgrowth of the <a href="/wiki/Restorationism" title="Restorationism">Restorationist</a> <a href="/wiki/Ideal_(ethics)" title="Ideal (ethics)">idealism</a> and <a href="/wiki/Utopianism" class="mw-redirect" title="Utopianism">utopianism</a> of Young and the early LDS Church. Young and the <a href="/wiki/Mormon_pioneers" title="Mormon pioneers">Mormon pioneers</a> believed "all aspects of life" were in need of reform for the imminent <a href="/wiki/Millennium" title="Millennium">millennium</a>,<a href="#cite_note-9">[9]</a><a href="#cite_note-10">[10]</a> and the Deseret alphabet was just one of many ways in which they sought to bring about a complete "<a href="/wiki/Social_change" title="Social change">transformation in society</a>,"<a href="#cite_note-Watt2009-5">[5]</a>: 142  in anticipation of the <a href="/wiki/Second_Coming_of_Jesus" class="mw-redirect" title="Second Coming of Jesus">Second Coming of Jesus</a>.<a href="#cite_note-11">[11]</a> Young wrote of the reform that "it would represent every sound used in the construction of any known language; and, in fact, a step and partial return to a pure language which has been promised unto us in the latter days", which meant the pure <a href="/wiki/Adamic_language" title="Adamic language">Adamic language</a> spoken before the <a href="/wiki/Tower_of_Babel" title="Tower of Babel">Tower of Babel</a>.<a href="#cite_note-12">[12]</a><a href="#cite_note-:0-13">[13]</a><a href="#cite_note-:1-14">[14]</a> In public statements, Young claimed the alphabet would replace the traditional <a href="/wiki/Latin_alphabet" title="Latin alphabet">Latin alphabet</a> with an alternative, more <a href="/wiki/Phonetics" title="Phonetics">phonetically</a> accurate alphabet for the <a href="/wiki/English_language" title="English language">English language</a>. This would offer immigrants an opportunity to learn to read and write English, the <a href="/wiki/Orthography" title="Orthography">orthography</a> of which, he said, is often less phonetically consistent than those of many other languages.<a href="#cite_note-Moore2006-3">[3]</a>: 65–66  Young also proposed teaching the alphabet in the school system, stating "It will be the means of introducing uniformity in our orthography, and the years that are now required to learn to read and spell can be devoted to other studies."<a href="#cite_note-15">[15]</a> Between 1854 and 1869, the alphabet was used in scriptural newspaper passages, selected church records, a few diaries, and some correspondence. Occasional street signs and posters used the new letters. In 1860 a $5 gold coin was embossed 𐐐𐐬𐑊𐐨𐑌𐐮𐑅 𐐻𐐭 𐑄 𐐢𐐫𐑉𐐼 (Holiness to the Lord). In 1868–9, after much difficulty creating suitable fonts,<a href="#cite_note-Watt2009-5">[5]</a> four books were printed: two school primers, the full <a href="/wiki/Book_of_Mormon" title="Book of Mormon">Book of Mormon</a>, and a first portion of it, intended as a third school reader.<a href="#cite_note-16">[16]</a> Despite repeated and costly promotion by the early LDS Church, the alphabet never enjoyed widespread use, and it has been regarded by historians as a failure.<a href="#cite_note-Moore2006-3">[3]</a><a href="#cite_note-Beesley2004-7">[7]</a><a href="#cite_note-Zobell1967-17">[17]</a><a href="#cite_note-Simmonds1968-18">[18]</a><a href="#cite_note-Spendlove2015-19">[19]</a> However, in recent years, aided by <a href="/wiki/Digital_typography" class="mw-redirect" title="Digital typography">digital typography</a>, the Deseret alphabet has been revived as a cultural <a href="/wiki/Heirloom" title="Heirloom">heirloom</a>.<a href="#cite_note-20">[20]</a><a href="#cite_note-21">[21]</a> Similar <a href="/wiki/Neographies" class="mw-redirect" title="Neographies">neographies</a> have been attempted, the most well-known of which for English is the <a href="/wiki/Shavian_alphabet" title="Shavian alphabet">Shavian alphabet</a>.<a href="#cite_note-22">[22]</a> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="History">History</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Deseret_alphabet&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: History">edit</a>]</div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Creation_(1847–1854)">Creation (1847–1854)</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Deseret_alphabet&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Creation (1847–1854)">edit</a>]</div> The Deseret alphabet was a project of the <a href="/wiki/Mormon_pioneers" title="Mormon pioneers">Mormon pioneers</a>, a group of early followers of <a href="/wiki/The_Church_of_Jesus_Christ_of_Latter-day_Saints" title="The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints">the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints</a> (LDS Church) who, motivated by <a href="/wiki/Revelation" title="Revelation">revelations</a> of a unique <a href="/wiki/Premillennialism" title="Premillennialism">premillennial</a> <a href="/wiki/Eschatology" title="Eschatology">eschatology</a>, had set about building a unique <a href="/wiki/Theocracy" title="Theocracy">theocracy</a> in the Utah desert, which was then still claimed by <a href="/wiki/Mexico" title="Mexico">Mexico</a>, after the death of the church's founder, the <a href="/wiki/Prophet" title="Prophet">prophet</a> <a href="/wiki/Joseph_Smith" title="Joseph Smith">Joseph Smith</a>. They were to build a "city of Zion" where converts would gather in preparation for the Second Coming of Christ.<a href="#cite_note-23">[23]</a> As part of that <a href="/wiki/Gathering_of_Israel" title="Gathering of Israel">Gathering</a>, in 1848, Church leaders urged converts in Europe to "emigrate as speedily as possible" to the Great Basin.<a href="#cite_note-24">[24]</a><a href="#cite_note-25">[25]</a> There, in the <a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_God_(Latter_Day_Saints)" class="mw-redirect" title="Kingdom of God (Latter Day Saints)">"Kingdom of God,"</a><a href="#cite_note-:2-26">[26]</a><a href="#cite_note-27">[27]</a> under fused <a href="/wiki/Theo-democratic" class="mw-redirect" title="Theo-democratic">theo-democratic</a> leadership, they would be safe from the fall of the <a href="/wiki/Apostasy" title="Apostasy">apostate</a> world of so-called "Babylon." March 6, 1849, Church authorities organized the "free and independent government" called the <a href="/wiki/State_of_Deseret" title="State of Deseret">State of Deseret</a>,<a href="#cite_note-28">[28]</a> while retaining the <a href="/wiki/Council_of_Fifty" title="Council of Fifty">Council of Fifty</a>.<a href="#cite_note-29">[29]</a> In that historical context, which has been called "The Forgotten Kingdom,"<a href="#cite_note-:2-26">[26]</a> there was a "compete identity of religious and temporal purpose throughout the history of the Alphabet."<a href="#cite_note-:3-30">[30]</a> This theo-linguistic fusion has been noted by multiple historians.<a href="#cite_note-31">[31]</a><a href="#cite_note-32">[32]</a><a href="#cite_note-:3-30">[30]</a><a href="#cite_note-33">[33]</a><a href="#cite_note-34">[34]</a><a href="#cite_note-35">[35]</a> The "New Alphabet" was intended to correct "the corruptions and perversions of language which was originally pure", and to meet the urgent need for a language to "answer the demands of a constant intercommunication between several thousand languages". One "fitted to meet the great emergency of the great gathering and great work of teaching the law of the Lord to all people."<a href="#cite_note-36">[36]</a> This reformation of English orthography was a first step to the ultimate restoration of <a href="/wiki/Adamic_language" title="Adamic language">Adamic language</a> for use in the anticipated millennial <a href="/wiki/Dispensation_of_the_fulness_of_times" title="Dispensation of the fulness of times">dispensation of the fulness of times</a>.<a href="#cite_note-:0-13">[13]</a> The Deseret Typographical Association called the alphabet "a forerunner in that series of developments which shall prepare mankind for the reception of pure language".<a href="#cite_note-37">[37]</a> Brigham Young, Church President and Prophet, the "driving force" for the reform, looked forward to the time "when a man is full of light of eternity", and stated, "I shall yet see the time that I can converse with this people without opening my mouth."<a href="#cite_note-38">[38]</a> The Deseret alphabet was developed primarily by a committee made up of the board of regents of the <a href="/wiki/University_of_Deseret" class="mw-redirect" title="University of Deseret">University of Deseret</a>, members of which included LDS Church leaders Brigham Young, <a href="/wiki/Parley_P._Pratt" title="Parley P. Pratt">Parley P. Pratt</a>, <a href="/wiki/Heber_C._Kimball" title="Heber C. Kimball">Heber C. Kimball</a>, and several of the other <a href="/wiki/Apostle_(Latter_Day_Saints)" title="Apostle (Latter Day Saints)">Apostles</a>. According to <a href="/wiki/Brigham_Young_University" title="Brigham Young University">Brigham Young University</a> professor Richard G. Moore, most scholars believe that <a href="/wiki/George_D._Watt" title="George D. Watt">George D. Watt</a>'s contribution to the actual form the alphabet took, its unique <a href="/wiki/Glyph" title="Glyph">glyphs</a>, was the greatest;<a href="#cite_note-Moore2006-3">[3]</a> he furthermore "plant[ed] the idea of <a href="/wiki/Spelling_reform" title="Spelling reform">spelling reform</a> in Brigham Young's mind" through a <a href="/wiki/Pitman_shorthand" title="Pitman shorthand">phonography</a> class he gave after the <a href="/wiki/Death_of_Joseph_Smith" class="mw-redirect" title="Death of Joseph Smith">death of Joseph Smith</a> which Young attended.<a href="#cite_note-Beesley2004-7">[7]</a>: 6 <a href="#cite_note-Watt2009-5">[5]</a>: 143  <a href="/wiki/W._W._Phelps_(Mormon)" title="W. W. Phelps (Mormon)">William W. Phelps</a> helped "work out the letters"<a href="#cite_note-39">[39]</a> along with Pratt.<a href="#cite_note-Watt2009-5">[5]</a>: 147  <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:English_Phonotypic_Alphabet_-_1847.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b6/English_Phonotypic_Alphabet_-_1847.png/220px-English_Phonotypic_Alphabet_-_1847.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="323" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b6/English_Phonotypic_Alphabet_-_1847.png/330px-English_Phonotypic_Alphabet_-_1847.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b6/English_Phonotypic_Alphabet_-_1847.png/440px-English_Phonotypic_Alphabet_-_1847.png 2x" data-file-width="596" data-file-height="875" /></a><figcaption>The Deseret alphabet was based on <a href="/wiki/Isaac_Pitman" title="Isaac Pitman">Isaac Pitman</a>'s <a href="/wiki/English_Phonotypic_Alphabet" title="English Phonotypic Alphabet">English Phonotypic Alphabet</a>, and in fact, Pitman's alphabet was nearly chosen by the Board of Regents as their preferred spelling reform.</figcaption></figure> Before they decided on the Deseret alphabet, the attention of the board of regents was mostly focused on <a href="/wiki/English_Phonotypic_Alphabet" title="English Phonotypic Alphabet">Pitman style alphabets</a>, and in April 1847 Brigham Young nearly purchased 200 pounds (91 kg) of <a href="/wiki/Sort_(typesetting)" title="Sort (typesetting)">lead type</a> to print books using Pitman's orthography.<a href="#cite_note-Moore2006-3">[3]</a><a href="#cite_note-Beesley2004-7">[7]</a>: 7  The University of Deseret was incorporated on 28 February 1850; less than three weeks later, on 20 March, the new board of regents began to discuss spelling reform.<a href="#cite_note-Moore2006-3">[3]</a> On 29 November 1853, the committee was ready to approve a slightly modified version of the Pitman orthography, when <a href="/wiki/Apostle_(Latter_Day_Saints)" title="Apostle (Latter Day Saints)">Apostle</a> <a href="/wiki/Willard_Richards" title="Willard Richards">Willard Richards</a>, <a href="/wiki/First_Presidency_(LDS_Church)" title="First Presidency (LDS Church)">Second Counselor</a> to Young, who had been deathly ill and missed the debate before the vote, saw the proposed alphabet, which spelled the word "phonetic" as "fɷnetic".<a href="#cite_note-Beesley2004-7">[7]</a>: 10  Richards was quick to condemn it, saying to the committee: "We want a new kind of alphabet...those characters...seem like putting <a href="/wiki/New_wine_into_old_bottles" class="mw-redirect" title="New wine into old bottles">new wine into old bottles</a>...I am inclined to think...we shall...throw away all characters that bear much resemblance to the English characters, and introduce an alphabet that is original...an alphabet entirely different from any alphabet in use."<a href="#cite_note-Beesley2004-7">[7]</a>: 10  These words persuaded Brigham Young and the rest of the committee, and Watt then endeavored to create an original alphabet. Less than two months later, on 19 January 1854, the board of regents finally approved the first 38-letter Deseret alphabet.<a href="#cite_note-Beesley2004-7">[7]</a>: 11  One legacy of Pitman's orthography survived, though: the idea that <a href="/wiki/Phonemic_orthography" title="Phonemic orthography">one letter should equal one sound</a>.<a href="#cite_note-Watt2009-5">[5]</a>: 150–152  <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Use_by_the_Mormon_pioneers_(1854–1869)">Use by the Mormon pioneers (1854–1869)</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Deseret_alphabet&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Use by the Mormon pioneers (1854–1869)">edit</a>]</div> Upon the alphabet's acceptance, its first user was its principal architect, George D. Watt, who began writing the meeting minutes of the early <a href="/wiki/Bishop_(Latter_Day_Saints)" title="Bishop (Latter Day Saints)">Bishops</a> in a cursive form of it in 1854.<a href="#cite_note-Beesley2004-7">[7]</a>: 12  Almost immediately after its publication, church members began experimenting with it, and by 1855 travel writers Jules Remy and <a href="/wiki/Julius_Brenchley" title="Julius Brenchley">Julius Brenchley</a> published a chart of the new alphabet which differed heavily from the 1854 version. Some early Mormons, such as <a href="/w/index.php?title=Thales_Hastings_Haskell&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Thales Hastings Haskell (page does not exist)">Thales Hastings Haskell</a>, began writing their personal journals in the new alphabet.<a href="#cite_note-Beesley2004-7">[7]</a>: 16  Remy further reported that during his time in <a href="/wiki/Salt_Lake_City" title="Salt Lake City">Salt Lake City</a>, he saw signs on the street and above shops using the new alphabet.<a href="#cite_note-Wentz1978-4">[4]</a> After its approval by the board of regents, Brigham Young testified before the <a href="/wiki/Utah_Legislature" class="mw-redirect" title="Utah Legislature">Utah territorial legislature</a> that the new alphabet should "be thoroughly and extensively taught in all the schools". Some teaching in Utah schools did take place: John B. Milner taught the alphabet in <a href="/wiki/Provo,_Utah" title="Provo, Utah">Provo</a>, <a href="/wiki/Lehi,_Utah" title="Lehi, Utah">Lehi</a>, <a href="/wiki/American_Fork,_Utah" title="American Fork, Utah">American Fork</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Pleasant_Grove,_Utah" title="Pleasant Grove, Utah">Pleasant Grove</a>, while evening classes were taught in Salt Lake City and <a href="/wiki/Farmington,_Utah" title="Farmington, Utah">Farmington</a>.<a href="#cite_note-Moore2006-3">[3]</a><a href="#cite_note-EveningStar1855-40">[40]</a> After several months' practice writing with the new alphabet, Watt wrote to Brigham Young that he was unhappy with it, and proposed a complete overhaul, which was never followed up on.<a href="#cite_note-Beesley2002-41">[41]</a>: 22  Word of the new alphabet soon spread outside Utah, and most press reports in non-Mormon papers were critical.<a href="#cite_note-:11-42">[42]</a><a href="#cite_note-:12-43">[43]</a><a href="#cite_note-Schindler1998-44">[44]</a> Other writers, however, acquainted with other phonotypic and stenographic alphabets, ranged from neutral descriptions of the new alphabet<a href="#cite_note-45">[45]</a> to praise.<a href="#cite_note-EveningStar1855-40">[40]</a> Until this point, all the printed material (mostly just charts of the alphabet and its standard orthography equivalents) had been produced with large <a href="/wiki/Wood_type" title="Wood type">wooden type</a>, which was not suitable for printing at small sizes. Because the alphabet was wholly unique, no font existed, so in 1857 the board of regents appointed <a href="/wiki/Erastus_Snow" title="Erastus Snow">Erastus Snow</a> to procure metal type from <a href="/wiki/St._Louis" title="St. Louis">St. Louis</a>-based <a href="/wiki/Font_foundry" class="mw-redirect" title="Font foundry">font foundry</a> Ladew & Peer. However, in May 1857 the <a href="/wiki/Utah_War" title="Utah War">Utah War</a> began, and Snow left St. Louis to support the Mormon pioneers. During the war, Ladew & Peer kept working on the type, and the <a href="/wiki/Punchcutting" title="Punchcutting">punches</a> and <a href="/wiki/Matrix_(printing)" title="Matrix (printing)">matrices</a> were delivered in the winter of 1858. The first use of the new type was to make a business card for <a href="/wiki/George_A._Smith" title="George A. Smith">George A. Smith</a>, an early <a href="/wiki/Mormon_historian" class="mw-redirect" title="Mormon historian">Mormon historian</a>.<a href="#cite_note-Beesley2004-7">[7]</a>: 15  <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Sermon_on_the_Mount_16_Feb_1859_Deseret_News.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/eb/Sermon_on_the_Mount_16_Feb_1859_Deseret_News.jpg/220px-Sermon_on_the_Mount_16_Feb_1859_Deseret_News.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="371" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/eb/Sermon_on_the_Mount_16_Feb_1859_Deseret_News.jpg/330px-Sermon_on_the_Mount_16_Feb_1859_Deseret_News.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/eb/Sermon_on_the_Mount_16_Feb_1859_Deseret_News.jpg/440px-Sermon_on_the_Mount_16_Feb_1859_Deseret_News.jpg 2x" data-file-width="969" data-file-height="1632" /></a><figcaption>The <a href="/wiki/Sermon_on_the_Mount" title="Sermon on the Mount">Sermon on the Mount</a> as it appears in the 16 February 1859 edition of the <a href="/wiki/Deseret_News" title="Deseret News">Deseret News</a>.</figcaption></figure> In 1859, with the new type in hand, the Deseret News began printing with it. It would print one piece per issue in the new alphabet, usually a quotation from <a href="/wiki/The_Book_of_Mormon" class="mw-redirect" title="The Book of Mormon">The Book of Mormon</a> or the <a href="/wiki/New_Testament" title="New Testament">New Testament</a>. However, this only lasted for one year, after which the practice stopped; it would start again in May 1864 and stop permanently at the end of that year.<a href="#cite_note-Beesley2004-7">[7]</a>: 20 <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1237032888/mw-parser-output/.tmulti">.mw-parser-output .tmulti .multiimageinner{display:flex;flex-direction:column}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .trow{display:flex;flex-direction:row;clear:left;flex-wrap:wrap;width:100%;box-sizing:border-box}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .tsingle{margin:1px;float:left}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .theader{clear:both;font-weight:bold;text-align:center;align-self:center;background-color:transparent;width:100%}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .thumbcaption{background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .text-align-left{text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .text-align-right{text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .text-align-center{text-align:center}@media all and (max-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .tmulti .thumbinner{width:100%!important;box-sizing:border-box;max-width:none!important;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .trow{justify-content:center}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .tsingle{float:none!important;max-width:100%!important;box-sizing:border-box;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .tsingle .thumbcaption{text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .trow>.thumbcaption{text-align:center}}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .tmulti .multiimageinner img{background-color:white}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .tmulti .multiimageinner img{background-color:white}}</style><div class="thumb tmulti tright"><div class="thumbinner multiimageinner" style="width:352px;max-width:352px"><div class="trow"><div class="tsingle" style="width:172px;max-width:172px"><div class="thumbimage" style="height:287px;overflow:hidden"><a href="/wiki/File:Deseret_First_Book_cover.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/66/Deseret_First_Book_cover.jpg/170px-Deseret_First_Book_cover.jpg" decoding="async" width="170" height="288" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/66/Deseret_First_Book_cover.jpg/255px-Deseret_First_Book_cover.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/66/Deseret_First_Book_cover.jpg/340px-Deseret_First_Book_cover.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1044" data-file-height="1771" /></a></div></div><div class="tsingle" style="width:176px;max-width:176px"><div class="thumbimage" style="height:287px;overflow:hidden"><a href="/wiki/File:Deseret_Second_Book_cover.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/45/Deseret_Second_Book_cover.jpg/174px-Deseret_Second_Book_cover.jpg" decoding="async" width="174" height="287" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/45/Deseret_Second_Book_cover.jpg/261px-Deseret_Second_Book_cover.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/45/Deseret_Second_Book_cover.jpg/348px-Deseret_Second_Book_cover.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2129" data-file-height="3511" /></a></div></div></div><div class="trow" style="display:flex"><div class="thumbcaption">The covers of two <a href="/wiki/Primer_(textbook)" title="Primer (textbook)">primers</a> published in the Deseret alphabet during the life of Brigham Young, the Deseret First Book and the Deseret Second Book. Their inscriptions read: 𐐜 𐐔𐐇𐐝𐐀𐐡𐐇𐐓 𐐙𐐊𐐡𐐝𐐓/𐐝𐐇𐐗𐐊𐐤𐐔 𐐒𐐋𐐗 𐐒𐐌 𐐜 𐐡𐐀𐐖𐐇𐐤𐐓𐐝 𐐱𐑂 𐑄 𐐔𐐇𐐝𐐀𐐡𐐇𐐓 𐐏𐐆𐐅𐐤𐐆𐐚𐐊𐐡𐐝𐐆𐐓𐐆 1868. THE DESERET FIRST/SECOND BOOK BY THE REGENTS of the DESERET UNIVERSITY 1868.</div></div></div></div><a href="/wiki/Benn_Pitman" class="mw-redirect" title="Benn Pitman">Benn Pitman</a>, the brother of Isaac Pitman, was also interested in spelling reform, and by 1864 had published his own orthography, which the board of regents considered adopting. However, they ultimately decided not to and used the opportunity to re-affirm their commitment to the Deseret alphabet.<a href="#cite_note-Beesley2004-7">[7]</a>: 20  Brigham Young blamed the failure of this first attempt at reform on the ugliness of the type developed by Ladew & Peer, and so he commissioned Russell's American Steam Printing House, a <a href="/wiki/New_York_City" title="New York City">New York City</a> based font foundry, to design more pleasing type. The result was the <a href="/wiki/Bodoni" title="Bodoni">Bodoni</a>-esque font (below) that was used to print all of the books in this period.<a href="#cite_note-Beesley2004-7">[7]</a>: 20  In an 1868 article, the Deseret News wrote that "the characters, to a person unaccustomed to them, may look strange, [but] to the eye to which they are familiar they are beautiful."<a href="#cite_note-Moore2006-3">[3]</a>: 69  At least four books were published in the new alphabet, all transcribed by <a href="/wiki/Orson_Pratt" title="Orson Pratt">Orson Pratt</a> and all using the Russell's House font: The First Deseret Alphabet Reader (1868), The Second Deseret Alphabet Reader (1868), The Book of Mormon (1869), and a Book of Mormon excerpt called <a href="/wiki/First_Book_of_Nephi" class="mw-redirect" title="First Book of Nephi">First Nephi</a>–<a href="/wiki/Book_of_Omni" title="Book of Omni">Omni</a> (1869).<a href="#cite_note-Moore2006-3">[3]</a>: 69–70  Considerable non-printed material in the Deseret alphabet was made, including a replica headstone in <a href="/wiki/Cedar_City,_Utah" title="Cedar City, Utah">Cedar City, Utah</a>,<a href="#cite_note-46">[46]</a> some coinage, letters, diaries, and meeting minutes. One of the more curious items found in the Deseret alphabet is an English-<a href="/wiki/Hopi_language" title="Hopi language">Hopi</a> dictionary prepared by two Mormon missionaries. The handwritten document sat in the <a href="/wiki/Church_History_Library" title="Church History Library">LDS Church Archives</a>, largely ignored until 2014 when <a href="/wiki/Writing_system" title="Writing system">writing system</a> researcher and computer scientist Kenneth R. Beesley re-discovered it and transcribed it into standard written English.<a href="#cite_note-47">[47]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Decline_(1869–1877)">Decline (1869–1877)</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Deseret_alphabet&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Decline (1869–1877)">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1237032888/mw-parser-output/.tmulti"><div class="thumb tmulti tright"><div class="thumbinner multiimageinner" style="width:352px;max-width:352px"><div class="trow"><div class="tsingle" style="width:168px;max-width:168px"><div class="thumbimage" style="height:287px;overflow:hidden"><a href="/wiki/File:Book_of_mormon_deseret.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a1/Book_of_mormon_deseret.jpg/166px-Book_of_mormon_deseret.jpg" decoding="async" width="166" height="287" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a1/Book_of_mormon_deseret.jpg/249px-Book_of_mormon_deseret.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a1/Book_of_mormon_deseret.jpg/332px-Book_of_mormon_deseret.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1971" data-file-height="3408" /></a></div></div><div class="tsingle" style="width:180px;max-width:180px"><div class="thumbimage" style="height:287px;overflow:hidden"><a href="/wiki/File:Deseret_chart_in_Book_of_Mormon_1869.png" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/64/Deseret_chart_in_Book_of_Mormon_1869.png/178px-Deseret_chart_in_Book_of_Mormon_1869.png" decoding="async" width="178" height="287" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/64/Deseret_chart_in_Book_of_Mormon_1869.png/267px-Deseret_chart_in_Book_of_Mormon_1869.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/64/Deseret_chart_in_Book_of_Mormon_1869.png/356px-Deseret_chart_in_Book_of_Mormon_1869.png 2x" data-file-width="2184" data-file-height="3522" /></a></div></div></div><div class="trow" style="display:flex"><div class="thumbcaption">The final book the Mormon pioneers printed in the Deseret alphabet: a three part Book of Mormon. On left, the cover of volume one; on right, the Deseret alphabet chart in the book.</div></div></div></div> Despite years of heavy promotion, the Deseret alphabet was never widely adopted. This reluctance was partly due to prohibitive costs; the project had already cost the early church $20,000,<a href="#cite_note-Moore2006-3">[3]</a>: 76  with $6,000 going to Pratt as remuneration for his transcription effort<a href="#cite_note-Simmonds1968-18">[18]</a> and most of the rest going to cutting metal type featuring the new alphabet and printing costs.<a href="#cite_note-Beesley2004-7">[7]</a>: 6  In 1859, Orson Pratt estimated that the cost of supplying all <a href="/wiki/Utah_Territory" title="Utah Territory">Utah Territory</a> <a href="/wiki/History_of_education_in_the_United_States#Federal_era" title="History of education in the United States">schoolchildren</a> with suitable textbooks would be over $5,000,000.<a href="#cite_note-Moore2006-3">[3]</a>: 76  <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Peoples_Ticket,_Salt_Lake_City,_circa_1876,_Mormons,_front_of.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0b/Peoples_Ticket%2C_Salt_Lake_City%2C_circa_1876%2C_Mormons%2C_front_of.jpg/220px-Peoples_Ticket%2C_Salt_Lake_City%2C_circa_1876%2C_Mormons%2C_front_of.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="368" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0b/Peoples_Ticket%2C_Salt_Lake_City%2C_circa_1876%2C_Mormons%2C_front_of.jpg/330px-Peoples_Ticket%2C_Salt_Lake_City%2C_circa_1876%2C_Mormons%2C_front_of.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0b/Peoples_Ticket%2C_Salt_Lake_City%2C_circa_1876%2C_Mormons%2C_front_of.jpg/440px-Peoples_Ticket%2C_Salt_Lake_City%2C_circa_1876%2C_Mormons%2C_front_of.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1255" data-file-height="2100" /></a><figcaption>An 1876 <a href="/wiki/Ticket_(election)" title="Ticket (election)">campaign ticket</a> for the <a href="/wiki/People%27s_Party_of_Utah" class="mw-redirect" title="People's Party of Utah">People's Party of Utah</a>. The Deseret type is recycled to make a border. The "words" in the border are <a href="/wiki/Gibberish" title="Gibberish">gibberish</a>.</figcaption></figure> According to Beesley, many have written that interest in the Deseret alphabet died with Brigham Young. This, however, is not true; the alphabet was already regarded as a failure during Young's time.<a href="#cite_note-Beesley2004-7">[7]</a>: 29  Only 500 copies of the full Book of Mormon translated into the Deseret alphabet sold for $2 each, and even Young realized that the venture was too expensive and even the most devout Mormons could not be convinced to purchase and study the Deseret edition books over the books in the traditional orthography.<a href="#cite_note-Wentz1978-4">[4]</a><a href="#cite_note-Beesley2004-7">[7]</a>: 27  In the winter of 1870, just one year after their publication, advertisements for the Deseret alphabet books were quietly removed from the Deseret News.<a href="#cite_note-Simmonds1968-18">[18]</a> Contemporary writers noted that thousands of copies of the 15¢ and 20¢ Deseret primers went unsold,<a href="#cite_note-Beesley2004-7">[7]</a>: 6  and historian Roby Wentz speculated that the LDS Church at that time had a "cache" of the primers in mint condition, which it was slowly selling off; according to him, one such primer sold for $250 in 1978.<a href="#cite_note-Wentz1978-4">[4]</a> The Mormons had planned to use the profits from sale of the earlier books to fund printing of more books, and in anticipation Orson Pratt had already transcribed the complete <a href="/wiki/Bible" title="Bible">Bible</a>, <a href="/wiki/Doctrine_and_Covenants" title="Doctrine and Covenants">Doctrine and Covenants</a>, and <a href="/wiki/John_Jaques_(Mormon)" title="John Jaques (Mormon)">John Jaques</a>'s Catechism for Children.<a href="#cite_note-Zobell1967-17">[17]</a> Pratt had also prepared an apparent sequel to the primers, the Deseret Phonetic Speller. After the sales failure, however, none of these books were ever published and were thought lost until being rediscovered in a storage area of the LDS Church Archives in Salt Lake City in May 1967.<a href="#cite_note-Simmonds1968-18">[18]</a><a href="#cite_note-Zobell1967-17">[17]</a> Ralph Vigoda, a reporter for <a href="/wiki/The_Philadelphia_Inquirer" title="The Philadelphia Inquirer">The Philadelphia Inquirer</a>, has speculated that the completion of the <a href="/wiki/Transcontinental_railroad" title="Transcontinental railroad">Transcontinental railroad</a> may have contributed to the alphabet's downfall: non-Mormons, not loyal to Brigham Young, became a large part of the city, and without the religious motivation it would be difficult indeed to get them to learn a new alphabet.<a href="#cite_note-48">[48]</a> In a retrospective piece, historian A. J. Simmonds claims that the new railroad doomed the alphabet. According to him, easy access to "the whole literature of the English speaking world" rendered the alphabet useless.<a href="#cite_note-Simmonds1968-18">[18]</a> In July 1877, Young tried one more time at a spelling reform, ordering lead type designed for the orthography of <a href="/wiki/Benn_Pitman" class="mw-redirect" title="Benn Pitman">Benn Pitman</a> (Isaac's brother) with the intention of printing an edition of the Book of Mormon and Doctrine and Covenants using it. Most of the type had arrived by August, but with Young's death, the translation was never undertaken and the type never used. Young's death thus marked the end of the Mormon experimentation with English spelling reforms.<a href="#cite_note-Moore2006-3">[3]</a><a href="#cite_note-Beesley2004-7">[7]</a>: 29  <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Rediscovery_in_the_computer_era">Rediscovery in the computer era</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Deseret_alphabet&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Rediscovery in the computer era">edit</a>]</div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Three_phrases_in_Deseret.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/21/Three_phrases_in_Deseret.svg/220px-Three_phrases_in_Deseret.svg.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="116" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/21/Three_phrases_in_Deseret.svg/330px-Three_phrases_in_Deseret.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/21/Three_phrases_in_Deseret.svg/440px-Three_phrases_in_Deseret.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="359" data-file-height="190" /></a><figcaption>Three questions ("Where is my room?", "Where is the beach?" and "Where is the bar?") in a Deseret digital computer typeface</figcaption></figure> Modern <a href="/wiki/Digital_typography" class="mw-redirect" title="Digital typography">digital typography</a> has reduced the costs of typesetting substantially, especially for small print runs.<a href="#cite_note-49">[49]</a> <a href="/wiki/Free_content" title="Free content">Freely licensed</a> Deseret alphabet fonts can be used at no additional cost. <a href="/wiki/Film_director" title="Film director">Film director</a> <a href="/wiki/Trent_Harris" title="Trent Harris">Trent Harris</a> used the Deseret alphabet in his 1994 satire of Mormon theology, <a href="/wiki/Plan_10_from_Outer_Space" title="Plan 10 from Outer Space">Plan 10 from Outer Space</a>, where it features as an alien language used on a mysterious "Plaque of <a href="/wiki/Kolob" title="Kolob">Kolob</a>".<a href="#cite_note-Beesley2002-41">[41]</a>: 37  During the 1996 Utah Centennial celebration, an <a href="/wiki/Activity_book" title="Activity book">activity book</a> for children was distributed, within which one of the activities was for a child to write their own name in the alphabet. The book says that a child who does this will be "the first kid in 100 years to write [their] name in the Deseret alphabet!"<a href="#cite_note-Zion1996-50">[50]</a> Also in 1996, Buffalo River Press published a reprint of the Deseret First Book, of which only 10,000 were originally printed.<a href="#cite_note-Zion1996-50">[50]</a><a href="#cite_note-51">[51]</a> The entire Book of Mormon in the Deseret alphabet has been likewise reprinted,<a href="#cite_note-52">[52]</a> as only 500 copies from the original print run exist, and they can sell on eBay for ≈$7,500 (as of 2004).<a href="#cite_note-Beesley2002-41">[41]</a>: 47  In 1997, John Jenkins <a href="/wiki/Electronic_publishing" title="Electronic publishing">uploaded</a> a free three part <a href="/wiki/Portable_Document_Format" class="mw-redirect" title="Portable Document Format">PDF</a> of the so-called "triple combination", that is, a combined Book of Mormon, Doctrine and Covenants and <a href="/wiki/Pearl_of_Great_Price_(Mormonism)" title="Pearl of Great Price (Mormonism)">Pearl of Great Price</a>.<a href="#cite_note-53">[53]</a> John Jenkins has gone on to publish many classic pieces of <a href="/wiki/English_literature" title="English literature">English literature</a> in the Deseret alphabet, such as <a href="/wiki/Alice_in_Wonderland" class="mw-redirect" title="Alice in Wonderland">Alice in Wonderland</a>,<a href="#cite_note-54">[54]</a> <a href="/wiki/Pride_and_Prejudice" title="Pride and Prejudice">Pride and Prejudice</a>,<a href="#cite_note-Austen2013-55">[55]</a> and <a href="/wiki/The_Wonderful_Wizard_of_Oz" title="The Wonderful Wizard of Oz">The Wonderful Wizard of Oz</a>.<a href="#cite_note-56">[56]</a> Owing to the character set's inclusion in Unicode, most of the original books and many of the original manuscripts have been transcribed into <a href="/wiki/Plain_text" title="Plain text">plain text</a>,<a href="#cite_note-Beesley2002-41">[41]</a>: 32–34  and, when this is not possible due to discrepancies between the Unicode reference glyphs and the documents, <a href="/wiki/LaTeX" title="LaTeX">LaTeX</a>.<a href="#cite_note-Beesley2004-7">[7]</a>: 42  <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Fonts">Fonts</h4>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Deseret_alphabet&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Fonts">edit</a>]</div> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Information_wants_to_be_free_in_five_different_modern_computer_fonts_for_the_Deseret_alphabet.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ef/Information_wants_to_be_free_in_five_different_modern_computer_fonts_for_the_Deseret_alphabet.svg/300px-Information_wants_to_be_free_in_five_different_modern_computer_fonts_for_the_Deseret_alphabet.svg.png" decoding="async" width="300" height="122" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ef/Information_wants_to_be_free_in_five_different_modern_computer_fonts_for_the_Deseret_alphabet.svg/450px-Information_wants_to_be_free_in_five_different_modern_computer_fonts_for_the_Deseret_alphabet.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ef/Information_wants_to_be_free_in_five_different_modern_computer_fonts_for_the_Deseret_alphabet.svg/600px-Information_wants_to_be_free_in_five_different_modern_computer_fonts_for_the_Deseret_alphabet.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="2098" data-file-height="854" /></a><figcaption>The phrase "𐐆𐑌𐑁𐐲𐑉𐑋𐐩𐑇𐐲𐑌 𐐶𐐪𐑌𐐻𐑅 𐐻𐐭 𐐺 𐑁𐑉𐐨" (<a href="/wiki/Information_wants_to_be_free" title="Information wants to be free">Information wants to be free</a>) in five Deseret fonts. From top, Noto Sans Deseret, QueenBee Star, TuBeeRound, Times Bee and Analecta.</figcaption></figure> The first digital font for the Deseret alphabet, called "Deseret", was designed by Greg Kearney as part of work he was doing for the <a href="/wiki/Church_History_Library" title="Church History Library">LDS Church History Department</a> in 1991; the font was used in an <a href="/wiki/Exhibit_design" title="Exhibit design">exhibit</a> that year.<a href="#cite_note-Beesley2004-7">[7]</a>: 32  In August 1995, a cleaned up, digitized version of the font in use in the Deseret Second Book was created by Salt Lake City graphic designer Edward Bateman, who made the font in <a href="/wiki/Fontographer" title="Fontographer">Fontographer</a> while working on <a href="/wiki/Plan_10_from_Outer_Space" title="Plan 10 from Outer Space">Plan 10 from Outer Space</a>.<a href="#cite_note-Beesley2004-7">[7]</a>: 32–33  Kenneth R. Beesley created a <a href="/wiki/Metafont" title="Metafont">Metafont</a> (and thus, LaTeX-compatible) font called <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r886049734"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://github.com/ctrlcctrlv/desalph">desalph</a> in 2002.<a href="#cite_note-Beesley2004-7">[7]</a>: 37–38 <a href="#cite_note-desalph_source-57">[57]</a> All computers running <a href="/wiki/Microsoft" title="Microsoft">Microsoft</a>'s <a href="/wiki/Windows_7" title="Windows 7">Windows 7</a> operating system or newer can display the entire Deseret alphabet Unicode range as the glyphs are included in the <a href="/wiki/Segoe#Variations" title="Segoe">Segoe UI Symbol</a> font.<a href="#cite_note-58">[58]</a> Besides maintaining a Deseret <a href="/wiki/Input_method" title="Input method">input method</a> for Windows, Joshua Erickson, a <a href="/wiki/UCLA" class="mw-redirect" title="UCLA">UCLA</a> alumnus, also maintains a large collection of <a href="/wiki/Freeware" title="Freeware">freeware</a> Unicode fonts for the alphabet, which he collectively terms the "Bee Fonts."<a href="#cite_note-59">[59]</a> There also exist <a href="/wiki/Free_software" title="Free software">free software</a> fonts for the Deseret alphabet. <a href="/wiki/Google" title="Google">Google</a>, through its <a href="/wiki/Noto_Sans" class="mw-redirect" title="Noto Sans">Noto Sans</a> project, the aim of which is "to support all languages with a harmonious look and feel", has also released a Deseret font under the name "Noto Sans Deseret".<a href="#cite_note-60">[60]</a> George Douros maintains a <a href="/wiki/Public_domain" title="Public domain">public domain</a> font called "Analecta" as part of his <a href="/w/index.php?title=Unicode_Fonts_for_Ancient_Scripts&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Unicode Fonts for Ancient Scripts (page does not exist)">Unicode Fonts for Ancient Scripts</a> project, which supports the <a href="/wiki/Coptic_language" title="Coptic language">Coptic</a>, <a href="/wiki/Gothic_language" title="Gothic language">Gothic</a>, and Deseret scripts.<a href="#cite_note-61">[61]</a> Deseret glyphs are also available in the popular pan-Unicode fonts <a href="/wiki/Code2000" title="Code2000">Code2001</a><a href="#cite_note-62">[62]</a> and <a href="/wiki/Everson_Mono" title="Everson Mono">Everson Mono</a> (as of version 5.1.5).<a href="#cite_note-63">[63]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Alphabet">Alphabet</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Deseret_alphabet&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Alphabet">edit</a>]</div> Although the Deseret alphabet has <a href="/wiki/Letter_case" title="Letter case">letter case</a>, usually the only difference between the minuscule and majuscule forms is that the majuscule forms are larger. <table class="wikitable" style="margin: 1em auto 1em auto;"> <tbody><tr> <th>Glyph</th> <th>Name</th> <th> </th> <td rowspan="11"> </td> <th>Glyph</th> <th>Name</th> <th> </th> <td rowspan="11"> </td> <th>Glyph</th> <th>Name</th> <th> </th> <td rowspan="11"> </td> <th>Glyph</th> <th>Name</th> <th> </th></tr> <tr> <td>𐐀 𐐨 <a href="/wiki/File:Deseret_capital_long_I.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3a/Deseret_capital_long_I.svg/25px-Deseret_capital_long_I.svg.png" decoding="async" width="25" height="27" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3a/Deseret_capital_long_I.svg/38px-Deseret_capital_long_I.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3a/Deseret_capital_long_I.svg/50px-Deseret_capital_long_I.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="585" data-file-height="643" /></a><a href="/wiki/File:Deseret_small_long_I.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a6/Deseret_small_long_I.svg/25px-Deseret_small_long_I.svg.png" decoding="async" width="25" height="27" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a6/Deseret_small_long_I.svg/38px-Deseret_small_long_I.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a6/Deseret_small_long_I.svg/50px-Deseret_small_long_I.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="585" data-file-height="643" /></a></td> <td>Long I</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/English" title="Help:IPA/English">/iː/</a></td> <td>𐐁 𐐩 <a href="/wiki/File:Deseret_capital_long_E.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/74/Deseret_capital_long_E.svg/25px-Deseret_capital_long_E.svg.png" decoding="async" width="25" height="27" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/74/Deseret_capital_long_E.svg/38px-Deseret_capital_long_E.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/74/Deseret_capital_long_E.svg/50px-Deseret_capital_long_E.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="585" data-file-height="643" /></a><a href="/wiki/File:Deseret_small_long_E.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/42/Deseret_small_long_E.svg/25px-Deseret_small_long_E.svg.png" decoding="async" width="25" height="27" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/42/Deseret_small_long_E.svg/38px-Deseret_small_long_E.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/42/Deseret_small_long_E.svg/50px-Deseret_small_long_E.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="585" data-file-height="643" /></a></td> <td>Long E</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/English" title="Help:IPA/English">/eɪ/</a></td> <td>𐐂 𐐪 <a href="/wiki/File:Deseret_capital_long_A.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/05/Deseret_capital_long_A.svg/25px-Deseret_capital_long_A.svg.png" decoding="async" width="25" height="27" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/05/Deseret_capital_long_A.svg/38px-Deseret_capital_long_A.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/05/Deseret_capital_long_A.svg/50px-Deseret_capital_long_A.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="585" data-file-height="643" /></a><a href="/wiki/File:Deseret_small_long_A.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/24/Deseret_small_long_A.svg/25px-Deseret_small_long_A.svg.png" decoding="async" width="25" height="27" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/24/Deseret_small_long_A.svg/38px-Deseret_small_long_A.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/24/Deseret_small_long_A.svg/50px-Deseret_small_long_A.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="585" data-file-height="643" /></a></td> <td>Long A</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/English" title="Help:IPA/English">/ɑː/</a></td> <td>𐐃 𐐫 <a href="/wiki/File:Deseret_capital_long_Ah.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7f/Deseret_capital_long_Ah.svg/25px-Deseret_capital_long_Ah.svg.png" decoding="async" width="25" height="27" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7f/Deseret_capital_long_Ah.svg/38px-Deseret_capital_long_Ah.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7f/Deseret_capital_long_Ah.svg/50px-Deseret_capital_long_Ah.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="585" data-file-height="643" /></a><a href="/wiki/File:Deseret_small_long_Ah.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/39/Deseret_small_long_Ah.svg/25px-Deseret_small_long_Ah.svg.png" decoding="async" width="25" height="27" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/39/Deseret_small_long_Ah.svg/38px-Deseret_small_long_Ah.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/39/Deseret_small_long_Ah.svg/50px-Deseret_small_long_Ah.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="585" data-file-height="643" /></a></td> <td>Long Ah</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/English" title="Help:IPA/English">/ɔː/</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>𐐄 𐐬 <a href="/wiki/File:Deseret_capital_long_O.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0e/Deseret_capital_long_O.svg/25px-Deseret_capital_long_O.svg.png" decoding="async" width="25" height="27" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0e/Deseret_capital_long_O.svg/38px-Deseret_capital_long_O.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0e/Deseret_capital_long_O.svg/50px-Deseret_capital_long_O.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="585" data-file-height="643" /></a><a href="/wiki/File:Deseret_small_long_O.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Deseret_small_long_O.svg/25px-Deseret_small_long_O.svg.png" decoding="async" width="25" height="27" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Deseret_small_long_O.svg/38px-Deseret_small_long_O.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Deseret_small_long_O.svg/50px-Deseret_small_long_O.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="585" data-file-height="643" /></a></td> <td>Long O</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/English" title="Help:IPA/English">/oʊ/</a></td> <td>𐐅 𐐭 <a href="/wiki/File:Deseret_capital_long_Oo.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4f/Deseret_capital_long_Oo.svg/25px-Deseret_capital_long_Oo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="25" height="27" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4f/Deseret_capital_long_Oo.svg/38px-Deseret_capital_long_Oo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4f/Deseret_capital_long_Oo.svg/50px-Deseret_capital_long_Oo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="585" data-file-height="643" /></a><a href="/wiki/File:Deseret_small_long_Oo.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0a/Deseret_small_long_Oo.svg/25px-Deseret_small_long_Oo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="25" height="27" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0a/Deseret_small_long_Oo.svg/38px-Deseret_small_long_Oo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0a/Deseret_small_long_Oo.svg/50px-Deseret_small_long_Oo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="585" data-file-height="643" /></a></td> <td>Long Oo</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/English" title="Help:IPA/English">/uː/</a></td> <td>𐐆 𐐮 <a href="/wiki/File:Deseret_capital_short_I.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e1/Deseret_capital_short_I.svg/25px-Deseret_capital_short_I.svg.png" decoding="async" width="25" height="27" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e1/Deseret_capital_short_I.svg/38px-Deseret_capital_short_I.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e1/Deseret_capital_short_I.svg/50px-Deseret_capital_short_I.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="585" data-file-height="643" /></a><a href="/wiki/File:Deseret_small_short_I.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/44/Deseret_small_short_I.svg/25px-Deseret_small_short_I.svg.png" decoding="async" width="25" height="27" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/44/Deseret_small_short_I.svg/38px-Deseret_small_short_I.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/44/Deseret_small_short_I.svg/50px-Deseret_small_short_I.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="585" data-file-height="643" /></a></td> <td>Short I</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/English" title="Help:IPA/English">/ɪ/</a></td> <td>𐐇 𐐯 <a href="/wiki/File:Deseret_capital_short_E.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/97/Deseret_capital_short_E.svg/25px-Deseret_capital_short_E.svg.png" decoding="async" width="25" height="27" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/97/Deseret_capital_short_E.svg/38px-Deseret_capital_short_E.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/97/Deseret_capital_short_E.svg/50px-Deseret_capital_short_E.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="585" data-file-height="643" /></a><a href="/wiki/File:Deseret_small_short_E.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a6/Deseret_small_short_E.svg/25px-Deseret_small_short_E.svg.png" decoding="async" width="25" height="27" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a6/Deseret_small_short_E.svg/38px-Deseret_small_short_E.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a6/Deseret_small_short_E.svg/50px-Deseret_small_short_E.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="585" data-file-height="643" /></a></td> <td>Short E</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/English" title="Help:IPA/English">/ɛ/</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>𐐈 𐐰 <a href="/wiki/File:Deseret_capital_short_A.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/66/Deseret_capital_short_A.svg/25px-Deseret_capital_short_A.svg.png" decoding="async" width="25" height="27" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/66/Deseret_capital_short_A.svg/38px-Deseret_capital_short_A.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/66/Deseret_capital_short_A.svg/50px-Deseret_capital_short_A.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="585" data-file-height="643" /></a><a href="/wiki/File:Deseret_small_short_A.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d0/Deseret_small_short_A.svg/25px-Deseret_small_short_A.svg.png" decoding="async" width="25" height="27" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d0/Deseret_small_short_A.svg/38px-Deseret_small_short_A.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d0/Deseret_small_short_A.svg/50px-Deseret_small_short_A.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="585" data-file-height="643" /></a></td> <td>Short A</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/English" title="Help:IPA/English">/æ/</a></td> <td>𐐉 𐐱 <a href="/wiki/File:Deseret_capital_short_Ah.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c3/Deseret_capital_short_Ah.svg/25px-Deseret_capital_short_Ah.svg.png" decoding="async" width="25" height="27" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c3/Deseret_capital_short_Ah.svg/38px-Deseret_capital_short_Ah.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c3/Deseret_capital_short_Ah.svg/50px-Deseret_capital_short_Ah.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="585" data-file-height="643" /></a><a href="/wiki/File:Deseret_small_short_Ah.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Deseret_small_short_Ah.svg/25px-Deseret_small_short_Ah.svg.png" decoding="async" width="25" height="27" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Deseret_small_short_Ah.svg/38px-Deseret_small_short_Ah.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Deseret_small_short_Ah.svg/50px-Deseret_small_short_Ah.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="585" data-file-height="643" /></a></td> <td>Short Ah</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/English" title="Help:IPA/English">/ɒ/</a></td> <td>𐐊 𐐲 <a href="/wiki/File:Deseret_capital_short_O.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f5/Deseret_capital_short_O.svg/25px-Deseret_capital_short_O.svg.png" decoding="async" width="25" height="27" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f5/Deseret_capital_short_O.svg/38px-Deseret_capital_short_O.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f5/Deseret_capital_short_O.svg/50px-Deseret_capital_short_O.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="585" data-file-height="643" /></a><a href="/wiki/File:Deseret_small_short_O.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/60/Deseret_small_short_O.svg/25px-Deseret_small_short_O.svg.png" decoding="async" width="25" height="27" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/60/Deseret_small_short_O.svg/38px-Deseret_small_short_O.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/60/Deseret_small_short_O.svg/50px-Deseret_small_short_O.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="585" data-file-height="643" /></a></td> <td>Short O</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/English" title="Help:IPA/English">/ʌ/</a></td> <td>𐐋 𐐳 <a href="/wiki/File:Deseret_capital_short_Oo.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a3/Deseret_capital_short_Oo.svg/25px-Deseret_capital_short_Oo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="25" height="27" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a3/Deseret_capital_short_Oo.svg/38px-Deseret_capital_short_Oo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a3/Deseret_capital_short_Oo.svg/50px-Deseret_capital_short_Oo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="585" data-file-height="643" /></a><a href="/wiki/File:Deseret_small_short_Oo.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/50/Deseret_small_short_Oo.svg/25px-Deseret_small_short_Oo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="25" height="27" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/50/Deseret_small_short_Oo.svg/38px-Deseret_small_short_Oo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/50/Deseret_small_short_Oo.svg/50px-Deseret_small_short_Oo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="585" data-file-height="643" /></a></td> <td>Short Oo</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/English" title="Help:IPA/English">/ʊ/</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>𐐌 𐐴 <a href="/wiki/File:Deseret_capital_Ay.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/79/Deseret_capital_Ay.svg/25px-Deseret_capital_Ay.svg.png" decoding="async" width="25" height="27" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/79/Deseret_capital_Ay.svg/38px-Deseret_capital_Ay.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/79/Deseret_capital_Ay.svg/50px-Deseret_capital_Ay.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="585" data-file-height="643" /></a><a href="/wiki/File:Deseret_small_Ay.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/37/Deseret_small_Ay.svg/25px-Deseret_small_Ay.svg.png" decoding="async" width="25" height="27" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/37/Deseret_small_Ay.svg/38px-Deseret_small_Ay.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/37/Deseret_small_Ay.svg/50px-Deseret_small_Ay.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="585" data-file-height="643" /></a></td> <td>Ay</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/English" title="Help:IPA/English">/aɪ/</a></td> <td>𐐍 𐐵 <a href="/wiki/File:Deseret_capital_Ow.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6d/Deseret_capital_Ow.svg/25px-Deseret_capital_Ow.svg.png" decoding="async" width="25" height="27" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6d/Deseret_capital_Ow.svg/38px-Deseret_capital_Ow.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6d/Deseret_capital_Ow.svg/50px-Deseret_capital_Ow.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="585" data-file-height="643" /></a><a href="/wiki/File:Deseret_small_Ow.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a5/Deseret_small_Ow.svg/25px-Deseret_small_Ow.svg.png" decoding="async" width="25" height="27" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a5/Deseret_small_Ow.svg/38px-Deseret_small_Ow.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a5/Deseret_small_Ow.svg/50px-Deseret_small_Ow.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="585" data-file-height="643" /></a></td> <td>Ow</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/English" title="Help:IPA/English">/aʊ/</a></td> <td>𐐎 𐐶 <a href="/wiki/File:Deseret_capital_Wu.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/89/Deseret_capital_Wu.svg/25px-Deseret_capital_Wu.svg.png" decoding="async" width="25" height="27" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/89/Deseret_capital_Wu.svg/38px-Deseret_capital_Wu.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/89/Deseret_capital_Wu.svg/50px-Deseret_capital_Wu.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="585" data-file-height="643" /></a><a href="/wiki/File:Deseret_small_Wu.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bc/Deseret_small_Wu.svg/25px-Deseret_small_Wu.svg.png" decoding="async" width="25" height="27" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bc/Deseret_small_Wu.svg/38px-Deseret_small_Wu.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bc/Deseret_small_Wu.svg/50px-Deseret_small_Wu.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="585" data-file-height="643" /></a></td> <td>Wu</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/English" title="Help:IPA/English">/w/</a></td> <td>𐐏 𐐷 <a href="/wiki/File:Deseret_capital_Yee.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7d/Deseret_capital_Yee.svg/25px-Deseret_capital_Yee.svg.png" decoding="async" width="25" height="27" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7d/Deseret_capital_Yee.svg/38px-Deseret_capital_Yee.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7d/Deseret_capital_Yee.svg/50px-Deseret_capital_Yee.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="585" data-file-height="643" /></a><a href="/wiki/File:Deseret_small_Yee.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cd/Deseret_small_Yee.svg/25px-Deseret_small_Yee.svg.png" decoding="async" width="25" height="27" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cd/Deseret_small_Yee.svg/38px-Deseret_small_Yee.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cd/Deseret_small_Yee.svg/50px-Deseret_small_Yee.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="585" data-file-height="643" /></a></td> <td>Yee</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/English" title="Help:IPA/English">/j/</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>𐐐 𐐸 <a href="/wiki/File:Deseret_capital_H.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6c/Deseret_capital_H.svg/25px-Deseret_capital_H.svg.png" decoding="async" width="25" height="27" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6c/Deseret_capital_H.svg/38px-Deseret_capital_H.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6c/Deseret_capital_H.svg/50px-Deseret_capital_H.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="585" data-file-height="643" /></a><a href="/wiki/File:Deseret_small_H.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c1/Deseret_small_H.svg/25px-Deseret_small_H.svg.png" decoding="async" width="25" height="27" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c1/Deseret_small_H.svg/38px-Deseret_small_H.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c1/Deseret_small_H.svg/50px-Deseret_small_H.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="585" data-file-height="643" /></a></td> <td>H</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/English" title="Help:IPA/English">/h/</a></td> <td>𐐑 𐐹 <a href="/wiki/File:Deseret_capital_Pee.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/db/Deseret_capital_Pee.svg/25px-Deseret_capital_Pee.svg.png" decoding="async" width="25" height="27" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/db/Deseret_capital_Pee.svg/38px-Deseret_capital_Pee.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/db/Deseret_capital_Pee.svg/50px-Deseret_capital_Pee.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="585" data-file-height="643" /></a><a href="/wiki/File:Deseret_small_Pee.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6f/Deseret_small_Pee.svg/25px-Deseret_small_Pee.svg.png" decoding="async" width="25" height="27" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6f/Deseret_small_Pee.svg/38px-Deseret_small_Pee.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6f/Deseret_small_Pee.svg/50px-Deseret_small_Pee.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="585" data-file-height="643" /></a></td> <td>Pee</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/English" title="Help:IPA/English">/p/</a></td> <td>𐐒 𐐺 <a href="/wiki/File:Deseret_capital_Bee.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/01/Deseret_capital_Bee.svg/25px-Deseret_capital_Bee.svg.png" decoding="async" width="25" height="27" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/01/Deseret_capital_Bee.svg/38px-Deseret_capital_Bee.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/01/Deseret_capital_Bee.svg/50px-Deseret_capital_Bee.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="585" data-file-height="643" /></a><a href="/wiki/File:Deseret_small_Bee.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a4/Deseret_small_Bee.svg/25px-Deseret_small_Bee.svg.png" decoding="async" width="25" height="27" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a4/Deseret_small_Bee.svg/38px-Deseret_small_Bee.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a4/Deseret_small_Bee.svg/50px-Deseret_small_Bee.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="585" data-file-height="643" /></a></td> <td>Bee</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/English" title="Help:IPA/English">/b/</a></td> <td>𐐓 𐐻 <a href="/wiki/File:Deseret_capital_Tee.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/42/Deseret_capital_Tee.svg/25px-Deseret_capital_Tee.svg.png" decoding="async" width="25" height="27" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/42/Deseret_capital_Tee.svg/38px-Deseret_capital_Tee.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/42/Deseret_capital_Tee.svg/50px-Deseret_capital_Tee.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="585" data-file-height="643" /></a><a href="/wiki/File:Deseret_small_Tee.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cd/Deseret_small_Tee.svg/25px-Deseret_small_Tee.svg.png" decoding="async" width="25" height="27" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cd/Deseret_small_Tee.svg/38px-Deseret_small_Tee.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cd/Deseret_small_Tee.svg/50px-Deseret_small_Tee.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="585" data-file-height="643" /></a></td> <td>Tee</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/English" title="Help:IPA/English">/t/</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>𐐔 𐐼 <a href="/wiki/File:Deseret_capital_Dee.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9d/Deseret_capital_Dee.svg/25px-Deseret_capital_Dee.svg.png" decoding="async" width="25" height="27" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9d/Deseret_capital_Dee.svg/38px-Deseret_capital_Dee.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9d/Deseret_capital_Dee.svg/50px-Deseret_capital_Dee.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="585" data-file-height="643" /></a><a href="/wiki/File:Deseret_small_Dee.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f9/Deseret_small_Dee.svg/25px-Deseret_small_Dee.svg.png" decoding="async" width="25" height="27" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f9/Deseret_small_Dee.svg/38px-Deseret_small_Dee.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f9/Deseret_small_Dee.svg/50px-Deseret_small_Dee.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="585" data-file-height="643" /></a></td> <td>Dee</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/English" title="Help:IPA/English">/d/</a></td> <td>𐐕 𐐽 <a href="/wiki/File:Deseret_capital_Chee.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7c/Deseret_capital_Chee.svg/25px-Deseret_capital_Chee.svg.png" decoding="async" width="25" height="27" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7c/Deseret_capital_Chee.svg/38px-Deseret_capital_Chee.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7c/Deseret_capital_Chee.svg/50px-Deseret_capital_Chee.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="585" data-file-height="643" /></a><a href="/wiki/File:Deseret_small_Chee.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Deseret_small_Chee.svg/25px-Deseret_small_Chee.svg.png" decoding="async" width="25" height="27" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Deseret_small_Chee.svg/38px-Deseret_small_Chee.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Deseret_small_Chee.svg/50px-Deseret_small_Chee.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="585" data-file-height="643" /></a></td> <td>Chee</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/English" title="Help:IPA/English">/tʃ/</a></td> <td>𐐖 𐐾 <a href="/wiki/File:Deseret_capital_Jee.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/62/Deseret_capital_Jee.svg/25px-Deseret_capital_Jee.svg.png" decoding="async" width="25" height="27" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/62/Deseret_capital_Jee.svg/38px-Deseret_capital_Jee.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/62/Deseret_capital_Jee.svg/50px-Deseret_capital_Jee.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="585" data-file-height="643" /></a><a href="/wiki/File:Deseret_small_Jee.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f7/Deseret_small_Jee.svg/25px-Deseret_small_Jee.svg.png" decoding="async" width="25" height="27" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f7/Deseret_small_Jee.svg/38px-Deseret_small_Jee.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f7/Deseret_small_Jee.svg/50px-Deseret_small_Jee.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="585" data-file-height="643" /></a></td> <td>Jee</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/English" title="Help:IPA/English">/dʒ/</a></td> <td>𐐗 𐐿 <a href="/wiki/File:Deseret_capital_Kay.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/93/Deseret_capital_Kay.svg/25px-Deseret_capital_Kay.svg.png" decoding="async" width="25" height="27" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/93/Deseret_capital_Kay.svg/38px-Deseret_capital_Kay.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/93/Deseret_capital_Kay.svg/50px-Deseret_capital_Kay.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="585" data-file-height="643" /></a><a href="/wiki/File:Deseret_small_Kay.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0d/Deseret_small_Kay.svg/25px-Deseret_small_Kay.svg.png" decoding="async" width="25" height="27" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0d/Deseret_small_Kay.svg/38px-Deseret_small_Kay.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0d/Deseret_small_Kay.svg/50px-Deseret_small_Kay.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="585" data-file-height="643" /></a></td> <td>Kay</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/English" title="Help:IPA/English">/k/</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>𐐘 𐑀 <a href="/wiki/File:Deseret_capital_Gay.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8c/Deseret_capital_Gay.svg/25px-Deseret_capital_Gay.svg.png" decoding="async" width="25" height="27" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8c/Deseret_capital_Gay.svg/38px-Deseret_capital_Gay.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8c/Deseret_capital_Gay.svg/50px-Deseret_capital_Gay.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="585" data-file-height="643" /></a><a href="/wiki/File:Deseret_small_Gay.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6d/Deseret_small_Gay.svg/25px-Deseret_small_Gay.svg.png" decoding="async" width="25" height="27" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6d/Deseret_small_Gay.svg/38px-Deseret_small_Gay.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6d/Deseret_small_Gay.svg/50px-Deseret_small_Gay.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="585" data-file-height="643" /></a></td> <td>Gay</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/English" title="Help:IPA/English">/ɡ/</a></td> <td>𐐙 𐑁 <a href="/wiki/File:Deseret_capital_Ef.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c0/Deseret_capital_Ef.svg/25px-Deseret_capital_Ef.svg.png" decoding="async" width="25" height="27" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c0/Deseret_capital_Ef.svg/38px-Deseret_capital_Ef.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c0/Deseret_capital_Ef.svg/50px-Deseret_capital_Ef.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="585" data-file-height="643" /></a><a href="/wiki/File:Deseret_small_Ef.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/84/Deseret_small_Ef.svg/25px-Deseret_small_Ef.svg.png" decoding="async" width="25" height="27" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/84/Deseret_small_Ef.svg/38px-Deseret_small_Ef.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/84/Deseret_small_Ef.svg/50px-Deseret_small_Ef.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="585" data-file-height="643" /></a></td> <td>Ef</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/English" title="Help:IPA/English">/f/</a></td> <td>𐐚 𐑂 <a href="/wiki/File:Deseret_capital_Vee.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Deseret_capital_Vee.svg/25px-Deseret_capital_Vee.svg.png" decoding="async" width="25" height="27" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Deseret_capital_Vee.svg/38px-Deseret_capital_Vee.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Deseret_capital_Vee.svg/50px-Deseret_capital_Vee.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="585" data-file-height="643" /></a><a href="/wiki/File:Deseret_small_Vee.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/49/Deseret_small_Vee.svg/25px-Deseret_small_Vee.svg.png" decoding="async" width="25" height="27" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/49/Deseret_small_Vee.svg/38px-Deseret_small_Vee.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/49/Deseret_small_Vee.svg/50px-Deseret_small_Vee.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="585" data-file-height="643" /></a></td> <td>Vee</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/English" title="Help:IPA/English">/v/</a></td> <td>𐐛 𐑃 <a href="/wiki/File:Deseret_capital_Eth.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/24/Deseret_capital_Eth.svg/25px-Deseret_capital_Eth.svg.png" decoding="async" width="25" height="27" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/24/Deseret_capital_Eth.svg/38px-Deseret_capital_Eth.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/24/Deseret_capital_Eth.svg/50px-Deseret_capital_Eth.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="585" data-file-height="643" /></a><a href="/wiki/File:Deseret_small_Eth.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/86/Deseret_small_Eth.svg/25px-Deseret_small_Eth.svg.png" decoding="async" width="25" height="27" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/86/Deseret_small_Eth.svg/38px-Deseret_small_Eth.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/86/Deseret_small_Eth.svg/50px-Deseret_small_Eth.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="585" data-file-height="643" /></a></td> <td>Eth</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/English" title="Help:IPA/English">/θ/</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>𐐜 𐑄 <a href="/wiki/File:Deseret_capital_Thee.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/16/Deseret_capital_Thee.svg/25px-Deseret_capital_Thee.svg.png" decoding="async" width="25" height="27" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/16/Deseret_capital_Thee.svg/38px-Deseret_capital_Thee.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/16/Deseret_capital_Thee.svg/50px-Deseret_capital_Thee.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="585" data-file-height="643" /></a><a href="/wiki/File:Deseret_small_Thee.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3c/Deseret_small_Thee.svg/25px-Deseret_small_Thee.svg.png" decoding="async" width="25" height="27" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3c/Deseret_small_Thee.svg/38px-Deseret_small_Thee.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3c/Deseret_small_Thee.svg/50px-Deseret_small_Thee.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="585" data-file-height="643" /></a></td> <td>Thee</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/English" title="Help:IPA/English">/ð/</a></td> <td>𐐝 𐑅 <a href="/wiki/File:Deseret_capital_Es.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/62/Deseret_capital_Es.svg/25px-Deseret_capital_Es.svg.png" decoding="async" width="25" height="27" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/62/Deseret_capital_Es.svg/38px-Deseret_capital_Es.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/62/Deseret_capital_Es.svg/50px-Deseret_capital_Es.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="585" data-file-height="643" /></a><a href="/wiki/File:Deseret_small_Es.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6d/Deseret_small_Es.svg/25px-Deseret_small_Es.svg.png" decoding="async" width="25" height="27" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6d/Deseret_small_Es.svg/38px-Deseret_small_Es.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6d/Deseret_small_Es.svg/50px-Deseret_small_Es.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="585" data-file-height="643" /></a></td> <td>Es</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/English" title="Help:IPA/English">/s/</a></td> <td>𐐞 𐑆 <a href="/wiki/File:Deseret_capital_Zee.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1d/Deseret_capital_Zee.svg/25px-Deseret_capital_Zee.svg.png" decoding="async" width="25" height="27" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1d/Deseret_capital_Zee.svg/38px-Deseret_capital_Zee.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1d/Deseret_capital_Zee.svg/50px-Deseret_capital_Zee.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="585" data-file-height="643" /></a><a href="/wiki/File:Deseret_small_Zee.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4d/Deseret_small_Zee.svg/25px-Deseret_small_Zee.svg.png" decoding="async" width="25" height="27" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4d/Deseret_small_Zee.svg/38px-Deseret_small_Zee.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4d/Deseret_small_Zee.svg/50px-Deseret_small_Zee.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="585" data-file-height="643" /></a></td> <td>Zee</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/English" title="Help:IPA/English">/z/</a></td> <td>𐐟 𐑇 <a href="/wiki/File:Deseret_capital_Esh.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8c/Deseret_capital_Esh.svg/25px-Deseret_capital_Esh.svg.png" decoding="async" width="25" height="27" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8c/Deseret_capital_Esh.svg/38px-Deseret_capital_Esh.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8c/Deseret_capital_Esh.svg/50px-Deseret_capital_Esh.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="585" data-file-height="643" /></a><a href="/wiki/File:Deseret_small_Esh.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Deseret_small_Esh.svg/25px-Deseret_small_Esh.svg.png" decoding="async" width="25" height="27" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Deseret_small_Esh.svg/38px-Deseret_small_Esh.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Deseret_small_Esh.svg/50px-Deseret_small_Esh.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="585" data-file-height="643" /></a></td> <td>Esh</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/English" title="Help:IPA/English">/ʃ/</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>𐐠 𐑈 <a href="/wiki/File:Deseret_capital_Zhee.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/54/Deseret_capital_Zhee.svg/25px-Deseret_capital_Zhee.svg.png" decoding="async" width="25" height="27" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/54/Deseret_capital_Zhee.svg/38px-Deseret_capital_Zhee.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/54/Deseret_capital_Zhee.svg/50px-Deseret_capital_Zhee.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="585" data-file-height="643" /></a><a href="/wiki/File:Deseret_small_Zhee.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8b/Deseret_small_Zhee.svg/25px-Deseret_small_Zhee.svg.png" decoding="async" width="25" height="27" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8b/Deseret_small_Zhee.svg/38px-Deseret_small_Zhee.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8b/Deseret_small_Zhee.svg/50px-Deseret_small_Zhee.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="585" data-file-height="643" /></a></td> <td>Zhee</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/English" title="Help:IPA/English">/ʒ/</a></td> <td>𐐡 𐑉 <a href="/wiki/File:Deseret_capital_Er.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a0/Deseret_capital_Er.svg/25px-Deseret_capital_Er.svg.png" decoding="async" width="25" height="27" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a0/Deseret_capital_Er.svg/38px-Deseret_capital_Er.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a0/Deseret_capital_Er.svg/50px-Deseret_capital_Er.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="585" data-file-height="643" /></a><a href="/wiki/File:Deseret_small_Er.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6d/Deseret_small_Er.svg/25px-Deseret_small_Er.svg.png" decoding="async" width="25" height="27" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6d/Deseret_small_Er.svg/38px-Deseret_small_Er.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6d/Deseret_small_Er.svg/50px-Deseret_small_Er.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="585" data-file-height="643" /></a></td> <td>Er</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/English" title="Help:IPA/English">/r/</a></td> <td>𐐢 𐑊 <a href="/wiki/File:Deseret_capital_El.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2b/Deseret_capital_El.svg/25px-Deseret_capital_El.svg.png" decoding="async" width="25" height="27" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2b/Deseret_capital_El.svg/38px-Deseret_capital_El.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2b/Deseret_capital_El.svg/50px-Deseret_capital_El.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="585" data-file-height="643" /></a><a href="/wiki/File:Deseret_small_El.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ca/Deseret_small_El.svg/25px-Deseret_small_El.svg.png" decoding="async" width="25" height="27" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ca/Deseret_small_El.svg/38px-Deseret_small_El.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ca/Deseret_small_El.svg/50px-Deseret_small_El.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="585" data-file-height="643" /></a></td> <td>El</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/English" title="Help:IPA/English">/l/</a></td> <td>𐐣 𐑋 <a href="/wiki/File:Deseret_capital_Em.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/13/Deseret_capital_Em.svg/25px-Deseret_capital_Em.svg.png" decoding="async" width="25" height="27" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/13/Deseret_capital_Em.svg/38px-Deseret_capital_Em.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/13/Deseret_capital_Em.svg/50px-Deseret_capital_Em.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="585" data-file-height="643" /></a><a href="/wiki/File:Deseret_small_Em.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a1/Deseret_small_Em.svg/25px-Deseret_small_Em.svg.png" decoding="async" width="25" height="27" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a1/Deseret_small_Em.svg/38px-Deseret_small_Em.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a1/Deseret_small_Em.svg/50px-Deseret_small_Em.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="585" data-file-height="643" /></a></td> <td>Em</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/English" title="Help:IPA/English">/m/</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>𐐤 𐑌 <a href="/wiki/File:Deseret_capital_En.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1a/Deseret_capital_En.svg/25px-Deseret_capital_En.svg.png" decoding="async" width="25" height="27" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1a/Deseret_capital_En.svg/38px-Deseret_capital_En.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1a/Deseret_capital_En.svg/50px-Deseret_capital_En.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="585" data-file-height="643" /></a><a href="/wiki/File:Deseret_small_En.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a2/Deseret_small_En.svg/25px-Deseret_small_En.svg.png" decoding="async" width="25" height="27" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a2/Deseret_small_En.svg/38px-Deseret_small_En.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a2/Deseret_small_En.svg/50px-Deseret_small_En.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="585" data-file-height="643" /></a></td> <td>En</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/English" title="Help:IPA/English">/n/</a> </td> <td>𐐥 𐑍 <a href="/wiki/File:Deseret_capital_Eng.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c9/Deseret_capital_Eng.svg/25px-Deseret_capital_Eng.svg.png" decoding="async" width="25" height="27" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c9/Deseret_capital_Eng.svg/38px-Deseret_capital_Eng.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c9/Deseret_capital_Eng.svg/50px-Deseret_capital_Eng.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="585" data-file-height="643" /></a><a href="/wiki/File:Deseret_small_Eng.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3c/Deseret_small_Eng.svg/25px-Deseret_small_Eng.svg.png" decoding="async" width="25" height="27" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3c/Deseret_small_Eng.svg/38px-Deseret_small_Eng.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3c/Deseret_small_Eng.svg/50px-Deseret_small_Eng.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="585" data-file-height="643" /></a></td> <td>Eng</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/English" title="Help:IPA/English">/ŋ/</a> </td> <td style="background-color:#CCCCCC">𐐦 𐑎 <a href="/wiki/File:Deseret_capital_Oi.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3b/Deseret_capital_Oi.svg/25px-Deseret_capital_Oi.svg.png" decoding="async" width="25" height="27" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3b/Deseret_capital_Oi.svg/38px-Deseret_capital_Oi.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3b/Deseret_capital_Oi.svg/50px-Deseret_capital_Oi.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="585" data-file-height="643" /></a><a href="/wiki/File:Deseret_small_Oi.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/34/Deseret_small_Oi.svg/25px-Deseret_small_Oi.svg.png" decoding="async" width="25" height="27" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/34/Deseret_small_Oi.svg/38px-Deseret_small_Oi.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/34/Deseret_small_Oi.svg/50px-Deseret_small_Oi.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="585" data-file-height="643" /></a></td> <td style="background-color:#CCCCCC">Oi<a href="#notpart">*</a></td> <td style="background-color:#CCCCCC"><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/English" title="Help:IPA/English">/ɔɪ/</a> </td> <td style="background-color:#CCCCCC">𐐧 𐑏 <a href="/wiki/File:Deseret_capital_Ew.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b5/Deseret_capital_Ew.svg/25px-Deseret_capital_Ew.svg.png" decoding="async" width="25" height="27" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b5/Deseret_capital_Ew.svg/38px-Deseret_capital_Ew.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b5/Deseret_capital_Ew.svg/50px-Deseret_capital_Ew.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="585" data-file-height="643" /></a><a href="/wiki/File:Deseret_small_Ew.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bd/Deseret_small_Ew.svg/25px-Deseret_small_Ew.svg.png" decoding="async" width="25" height="27" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bd/Deseret_small_Ew.svg/38px-Deseret_small_Ew.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bd/Deseret_small_Ew.svg/50px-Deseret_small_Ew.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="585" data-file-height="643" /></a></td> <td style="background-color:#CCCCCC">Ew<a href="#notpart">*</a></td> <td style="background-color:#CCCCCC"><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/English" title="Help:IPA/English">/juː/</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="15">  *Not part of original alphabet; see <a href="#Versions">§ Versions</a> below </td></tr></tbody></table> A degree of free spelling is allowed to accommodate dialectal differences in English. For example, in the Deseret edition of The Book of Mormon, the word "wherefore" is written as 𐐸𐐶𐐯𐑉𐑁𐐬𐑉 (<a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/English" title="Help:IPA/English">/hwɛrfoʊr/</a>),<a href="#cite_note-64">[64]</a> which means that the translator of the book did not exhibit the <a href="/wiki/Wine%E2%80%93whine_merger" class="mw-redirect" title="Wine–whine merger">wine–whine merger</a>. Those who do exhibit the merger might instead prefer the spelling 𐐶𐐯𐑉𐑁𐐬𐑉 to match the pronunciation (<a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/English" title="Help:IPA/English">/wɛrfoʊr/</a>), or, depending on <a href="/wiki/List_of_dialects_of_the_English_language#United_States" class="mw-redirect" title="List of dialects of the English language">dialect</a>, perhaps 𐐶𐐯𐑉𐑁𐐫𐑉 (<a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/English" title="Help:IPA/English">/wɛrfɔːr/</a>).<a href="#cite_note-Walker2005-65">[65]</a>: 38  The alphabet was designed to be able to write all of the vowels used in the dialect spoken in 19th century Utah. The vowel inventory has also been attributed to the fact that, unlike other <a href="/wiki/American_pioneer" title="American pioneer">American pioneers</a>, the Mormon pioneers were from <a href="/wiki/New_England" title="New England">New England</a> as opposed to the <a href="/wiki/Southern_United_States" title="Southern United States">American South</a>.<a href="#cite_note-Beesley2004-7">[7]</a> As such, many of the vowels in the Deseret alphabet have since <a href="/wiki/Phonological_change" title="Phonological change">merged</a> in the modern era: they are no longer distinguished in some dialects of English, particularly dialects of US English, though are still present in others, such as many varieties of British English. Speakers who exhibit the <a href="/wiki/Father%E2%80%93bother_merger" class="mw-redirect" title="Father–bother merger">father–bother merger</a> no longer distinguish <a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/English" title="Help:IPA/English">/ɑː/</a> (𐐪) and <a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/English" title="Help:IPA/English">/ɒ/</a> (𐐱), and so both "father" and "bother" would be written with 𐐪: as 𐑁𐐪𐑄𐐲𐑉 and 𐐺𐐪𐑄𐐲𐑉 as opposed to 𐑁𐐪𐑄𐐲𐑉 and 𐐺𐐱𐑄𐐲𐑉. For those with the <a href="/wiki/Cot%E2%80%93caught_merger" title="Cot–caught merger">cot–caught merger</a>, <a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/English" title="Help:IPA/English">/ɔː/</a> (𐐫) and <a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/English" title="Help:IPA/English">/ɒ/</a> (𐐱) are no longer distinguished: both "cot" and "caught" are thus written by them as 𐐿𐐱𐐻 (<a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/English" title="Help:IPA/English">/kɒt/</a>) in the case of <a href="/wiki/North_American_English" title="North American English">North American English</a>, and as 𐐿𐐫𐐻 (<a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/English" title="Help:IPA/English">/kɔːt/</a>) in the case of <a href="/wiki/Scottish_English" title="Scottish English">Scottish English</a>. For those exhibiting both mergers, both would be written 𐐿𐐪𐐻 (<a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/English" title="Help:IPA/English">/kɑːt/</a>).<a href="#cite_note-Walker2005-65">[65]</a>[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability#Self-published_sources" title="Wikipedia:Verifiability">self-published source?</a>]: 28  <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Versions">Versions</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Deseret_alphabet&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Versions">edit</a>]</div> There have been several published versions of the alphabet. Most versions (including the versions used in The Deseret First Book, The Deseret Second Book, The Deseret News and The Book of Mormon) had only 38 letters, but some versions contained two <a href="/wiki/Typographic_ligature" class="mw-redirect" title="Typographic ligature">ligatures</a>, 𐐧 (ew) and 𐐦 (oi).<a href="#cite_note-Beesley-66">[66]</a> In place of 𐐮𐐭<a href="#cite_note-:15-67">[67]</a> or 𐐷𐐭,<a href="#cite_note-Des2nd-68">[68]</a> 𐑏 was to be used; in place of 𐐱𐐮, 𐑎.<a href="#cite_note-Des2nd-68">[68]</a> In the 23 February 1859 edition of the Deseret News, the editors announced their approval of the two new letters and eventual intention to use them in the newsletter. However, due to the <a href="/wiki/Hot_metal_typesetting" title="Hot metal typesetting">hot metal typesetting</a> technology in use at the time, casting the new letters for use would have been a considerable expense, so it was never realized.<a href="#cite_note-Beesley-66">[66]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Representation_of_[ə]">Representation of [ə]</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Deseret_alphabet&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Representation of [ə]">edit</a>]</div> The Deseret alphabet does not have a distinct symbol for the <a href="/wiki/Mid_central_vowel" title="Mid central vowel">mid central vowel</a> ([<a href="/wiki/%C6%8F" title="Ə">ə</a>], "schwa"). The lack of a schwa has been cited as the biggest "<a href="/wiki/Phonological" class="mw-redirect" title="Phonological">phonological</a> flaw" in the alphabet.<a href="#cite_note-Spendlove2015-19">[19]</a><a href="#cite_note-Beesley2002-41">[41]</a>: 3  <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:The_word_broken_in_MJ_Shelton%27s_Deseret_handwriting.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/0/07/The_word_broken_in_MJ_Shelton%27s_Deseret_handwriting.png" decoding="async" width="239" height="107" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="239" data-file-height="107" /></a><figcaption>Shelton using his <a href="/wiki/Schwa" class="mw-redirect" title="Schwa">schwa</a> to handwrite the word "broken" (𐐺𐑉𐐬𐐿ı𐑌) (<a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/English" title="Help:IPA/English">/ˈbroʊkən/</a>). The standard way to render this word is 𐐺𐑉𐐬𐐿𐑌 (<a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/English" title="Help:IPA/English">/ˈbroʊkn/</a>).</figcaption></figure>Because of the lack of a schwa, the author must write the sound that would be used if the word was stressed. For example, the word enough is commonly pronounced <a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/English" title="Help:IPA/English">/əˈnʌf/</a>, but when it is stressed (as in a declaration of irritation) it is pronounced <a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/English" title="Help:IPA/English">/iˈnʌf/</a>. The Deseret spelling of the word, 𐐨𐑌𐐲𐑁, reflects that stressed pronunciation. If [<a href="/wiki/%C6%8F" title="Ə">ə</a>] does not have an inherent stressed value in a word, as is often the case before <a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/English" title="Help:IPA/English">/r/</a>, then it is written as 𐐲.<a href="#cite_note-Walker2005-65">[65]</a>: 32–33  <a href="/w/index.php?title=Marion_J._Shelton&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Marion J. Shelton (page does not exist)">Marion J. Shelton</a>, an early <a href="/wiki/Mormon_missionary" title="Mormon missionary">Mormon missionary</a>, proposed the addition of a new glyph to represent the schwa, a simple vertical line of the same height as other Deseret characters with a similar appearance to the <a href="/wiki/Turkish_dotless_i" class="mw-redirect" title="Turkish dotless i">Turkish dotless i</a> (ı). The addition of this glyph did not catch on among his contemporaries, however, and no document outside of ones penned by Shelton makes use of it.<a href="#cite_note-Beesley2004-7">[7]</a>: 19–20  Shelton used the new glyph in an 1860 letter to Brigham Young reporting on a recently completed mission to the <a href="/wiki/Southern_Paiute" class="mw-redirect" title="Southern Paiute">Paiute people</a>.<a href="#cite_note-69">[69]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Syllabic_values">Syllabic values</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Deseret_alphabet&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Syllabic values">edit</a>]</div> Each letter in the Deseret alphabet has a name, and when a letter is written on its own it has the value of that name. This allows some short words to be written with a single letter, and is called a letter's "syllabic value". The most common word in English, the, is written simply 𐑄, as the letter's name is <a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/English" title="Help:IPA/English">/ðiː/</a> and that is the stressed pronunciation of the word. The consonants with syllabic values are 𐐶 (woo), 𐐷 (yee), 𐐸 (ha), 𐐹 (pee), 𐐺 (be/bee), 𐐻 (tee/tea), 𐐽 (qi), 𐐾 (jee), 𐑀 (gay), and 𐑄 (the/thee).<a href="#cite_note-Walker2005-65">[65]</a>: 25  Syllabic values do not apply within words, although this was formerly the case. In early documents, Watt writes "people" as 𐐹𐐹𐑊 with the expectation that readers will interpret the first 𐐹 as <a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/English" title="Help:IPA/English">/piː/</a>, but the second 𐐹 as <a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/English" title="Help:IPA/English">/p/</a>.<a href="#cite_note-Beesley2004-7">[7]</a>: 13  This contextual value switching was soon done away with, so in later documents, while "bee" is written 𐐺, "bees" is written 𐐺𐐨𐑆. In 40-letter versions of the alphabet which include the letter 𐐧 (ew) which represents <a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/English" title="Help:IPA/English">/juː/</a>, the letter 𐐧 when standing alone can be used to represent the word "you".<a href="#cite_note-Walker2005-65">[65]</a>: 25, 51  <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Examples">Examples</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Deseret_alphabet&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: Examples">edit</a>]</div> <ul><li><figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Deseret_Second_Book_Juvenile_Hymn_page_23.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/35/Deseret_Second_Book_Juvenile_Hymn_page_23.jpg/300px-Deseret_Second_Book_Juvenile_Hymn_page_23.jpg" decoding="async" width="300" height="218" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/35/Deseret_Second_Book_Juvenile_Hymn_page_23.jpg/450px-Deseret_Second_Book_Juvenile_Hymn_page_23.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/35/Deseret_Second_Book_Juvenile_Hymn_page_23.jpg/600px-Deseret_Second_Book_Juvenile_Hymn_page_23.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1298" data-file-height="943" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Hymn" title="Hymn">Hymn</a> from the Deseret Second Book, printed in 1868. The first line of the hymn reads "I'll serve the Lord while I am young" (𐐌'𐑊 𐑅𐐲𐑉𐑂 𐑄 𐐢𐐫𐑉𐐼 𐐸𐐶𐐴𐑊 𐐌 𐐰𐑋 𐐷𐐲𐑍), and is pronounced as <a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/English" title="Help:IPA/English">/aɪl sʌrv ð(ə) lɔːrd hwaɪl aɪ æm jʌŋ/</a>.</figcaption></figure>– Hello, how are you? – I'm doing great, thanks! – It was nice seeing you, but I've got to run! Take care! <ul><li>– 𐐐𐐯𐑊𐐬, 𐐸𐐵 𐐪𐑉 𐑏? – 𐐌'𐑋 𐐼𐐭𐐮𐑍 𐑀𐑉𐐩𐐻, 𐑃𐐰𐑍𐐿𐑅! – 𐐆𐐻 𐐶𐐲𐑆 𐑌𐐴𐑅 𐑅𐐨𐐨𐑍 𐑏, 𐐺𐐲𐐻 𐐌'𐑂 𐑀𐐪𐐻 𐐻𐐭 𐑉𐐲𐑌! 𐐓𐐩𐐿 𐐿𐐩𐑉!</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oil" title="Oil">Oil</a> floats on <a href="/wiki/Water" title="Water">water</a>, but <a href="/wiki/Mercury_(element)" title="Mercury (element)">mercury</a> sinks below both. This is due to their <a href="/wiki/Multiphasic_liquid" title="Multiphasic liquid">relative densities</a>. <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Oil" title="Oil">𐐦𐑊</a> 𐑁𐑊𐐬𐐻𐑅 𐐪𐑌 <a href="/wiki/Water" title="Water">𐐶𐐫𐐻𐐲𐑉</a>, 𐐺𐐲𐐻 <a href="/wiki/Mercury_(element)" title="Mercury (element)">𐑋𐐲𐑉𐐿𐐷𐐲𐑉𐐨</a> 𐑅𐐮𐑍𐐿𐑅 𐐺𐐮𐑊𐐬 𐐺𐐬𐑃. 𐐜𐐮𐑅 𐐮𐑆 𐐼𐐭 𐐻𐐭 𐑄𐐯𐑉 <a href="/wiki/Multiphasic_liquid" title="Multiphasic liquid">𐑉𐐯𐑊𐐲𐐻𐐮𐑂 𐐼𐐯𐑌𐑅𐐮𐐻𐐨𐑆</a>.</li></ul></li></ul> The first lesson in the Deseret First Book reads simply:<a href="#cite_note-:15-67">[67]</a><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1157697682">.mw-parser-output .verse_translation .translated{padding-left:2em!important}@media only screen and (max-width:43.75em){.mw-parser-output .verse_translation.wrap_when_small td{display:block;padding-left:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .verse_translation.wrap_when_small .translated{padding-left:0.5em!important}}</style> <table role="presentation" class="verse_translation" style="margin-left:1em !important"> <tbody><tr style="vertical-align:top"> <td><div style="font-style:roman;text-align:left" lang="" class="poem"> LESSON I. I am in. As we go. On to it. </div> </td> <td class="translated"><div style="font-style:roman;text-align:left" lang="" class="poem"> 𐐢𐐇𐐝𐐤 I. 𐐌 𐐰𐑋 𐐮𐑌. 𐐈𐑆 𐐶𐐨 𐑀𐐬. 𐐉𐑌 𐐻𐐭 𐐮𐐻. </div> </td></tr></tbody></table> In the Deseret Second Book, there is a version of <a href="/wiki/Twinkle,_Twinkle,_Little_Star" title="Twinkle, Twinkle, Little Star">Twinkle, Twinkle, Little Star</a> on page 19:<a href="#cite_note-Des2nd-68">[68]</a><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1157697682"> <table role="presentation" class="verse_translation" style="margin-left:1em !important"> <tbody><tr style="vertical-align:top"> <td><div style="font-style:roman;text-align:left" lang="" class="poem"> LESSON XVI. The Little Star Twinkle, twinkle, little star, How I wonder what you are. Up above the world so high, Like a diamond in the sky. When the blazing sun is set, And the grass with dew is wet, Then you show your little light; Twinkle, twinkle, all the night. Then if I were in the dark, I would thank you for your spark; I could not see which way to go, If you did not twinkle so. And when I am sound asleep, Oft you through my window peep, For you never shut your eye Til the sun is in the sky. </div> </td> <td class="translated"><div style="font-style:roman;text-align:left" lang="" class="poem"> 𐐢𐐇𐐝𐐤 XVI. 𐐜 𐐢𐐮𐐻𐑊 𐐝𐐻𐐪𐑉. 𐐓𐐶𐐮𐑍𐐿𐑊, 𐐻𐐶𐐮𐑍𐐿𐑊, 𐑊𐐮𐐻𐑊 𐑅𐐻𐐪𐑉, 𐐐𐐵 𐐌 𐐶𐐲𐑌𐐼𐐯𐑉 𐐸𐐶𐐱𐐻 𐐷𐐭 𐐪𐑉. 𐐊𐐹 𐐰𐐺𐐲𐑂 𐑄 𐐶𐐲𐑉𐑊𐐼 𐑅𐐬 𐐸𐐴, 𐐢𐐴𐐿 𐐪 𐐼𐐴𐑋𐐲𐑌𐐼 𐐮𐑌 𐑄 𐑅𐐿𐐴. 𐐐𐐶𐐯𐑌 𐑄 𐐺𐑊𐐩𐑆𐐮𐑍 𐑅𐐲𐑌 𐐮𐑆 𐑅𐐯𐐻, 𐐈𐑌𐐼 𐑄 𐑀𐑉𐐪𐑅 𐐶𐐮𐑄 𐐼𐐮𐐭 𐐮𐑆 𐐶𐐯𐐻, 𐐜𐐯𐑌 𐐷𐐭 𐑇𐐬 𐐷𐐭𐑉 𐑊𐐮𐐻𐑊 𐑊𐐴𐐻; 𐐓𐐶𐐮𐑍𐐿𐑊, 𐐻𐐶𐐮𐑍𐐿𐑊, 𐐫𐑊 𐑄 𐑌𐐴𐐻. 𐐜𐐯𐑌 𐐮𐑁 𐐌 𐐶𐐲𐑉 𐐮𐑌 𐑄 𐐼𐐪𐑉𐐿, 𐐌 𐐶𐐳𐐼 𐑃𐐰𐑍𐐿 𐐷𐐭 𐑁𐐫𐑉 𐐷𐐭𐑉 𐑅𐐹𐐪𐑉𐐿; 𐐌 𐐿𐐳𐐼 𐑌𐐱𐐻 𐑅𐐨 𐐸𐐶𐐮𐐽 𐐶𐐩 𐐻𐐭 𐑀𐐬, 𐐆𐑁 𐐷𐐭 𐐼𐐮𐐼 𐑌𐐱𐐻 𐐻𐐶𐐮𐑍𐐿𐑊 𐑅𐐬. 𐐈𐑌𐐼 𐐸𐐶𐐯𐑌 𐐌 𐐰𐑋 𐑅𐐵𐑌𐐼 𐐰𐑅𐑊𐐨𐐹, 𐐉𐑁𐐻 𐐷𐐭 𐑃𐑉𐐭 𐑋𐐴 𐐶𐐮𐑌𐐼𐐬 𐐹𐐨𐐹, 𐐙𐐫𐑉 𐐷𐐭 𐑌𐐯𐑂𐐯𐑉 𐑇𐐲𐐻 𐐷𐐭𐑉 𐐴 𐐓𐐮𐑊 𐑄 𐑅𐐲𐑌 𐐮𐑆 𐐮𐑌 𐑄 𐑅𐐿𐐴. </div> </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Handwriting">Handwriting</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Deseret_alphabet&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: Handwriting">edit</a>]</div> There were two main handwritten forms of the Deseret alphabet: a <a href="/wiki/Cursive" title="Cursive">cursive</a> version and a <a href="/wiki/Block_letters" title="Block letters">printed</a> version. Over the lifetime of the alphabet, the cursive form fell out of favor among most users of the alphabet and by 1856 no more cursive documents exist.<a href="#cite_note-Beesley2002-41">[41]</a>: 21  Its impact on the <a href="/wiki/Glyph" title="Glyph">glyphs</a> can however still be plainly seen in the loops of certain characters such as 𐑅, 𐑀 and 𐐼.<a href="#cite_note-Beesley2004-7">[7]</a>: 13  The earliest surviving versions of the Deseret alphabet, from 1853 (one year before its January 1854 approval), have printed and cursive forms side-by-side, suggesting that a cursive form was part of the plan from the very beginning.<a href="#cite_note-70">[70]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Cursive">Cursive</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Deseret_alphabet&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: Cursive">edit</a>]</div> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Wikipedia,_the_free_encyclopedia_written_in_Deseret_cursive.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/85/Wikipedia%2C_the_free_encyclopedia_written_in_Deseret_cursive.svg/239px-Wikipedia%2C_the_free_encyclopedia_written_in_Deseret_cursive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="239" height="104" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/85/Wikipedia%2C_the_free_encyclopedia_written_in_Deseret_cursive.svg/359px-Wikipedia%2C_the_free_encyclopedia_written_in_Deseret_cursive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/85/Wikipedia%2C_the_free_encyclopedia_written_in_Deseret_cursive.svg/478px-Wikipedia%2C_the_free_encyclopedia_written_in_Deseret_cursive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="222" /></a><figcaption>Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia that anyone can edit 𐐎𐐮𐐿𐐨𐐹𐐨𐐼𐐨𐐲, 𐑄 𐑁𐑉𐐨 𐐯𐑌𐑅𐐴𐐿𐑊𐐬𐐹𐐨𐐼𐐨𐐲 𐑄𐐰𐐻 𐐯𐑌𐐨𐐶𐐲𐑌 𐐿𐐰𐑌 𐐯𐐼𐐮𐐻</figcaption></figure> The cursive form of the Deseret alphabet was mainly used by two people: George D. Watt, and James Henry Martineau.<a href="#cite_note-Beesley2002-41">[41]</a>: 21  Watt, a <a href="/wiki/Stenographer" class="mw-redirect" title="Stenographer">stenographer</a>, recorded several bishops meetings and wrote other personal documents in this cursive style.<a href="#cite_note-Beesley2004-7">[7]</a>: 13  A chart of the cursive form appears below. The blue glyphs represent how to write each character, while the top row of printed glyphs shows the corresponding Unicode reference glyph. <a href="/wiki/File:Early_Deseret_cursive_lineup_based_on_a_document_written_by_its_creator_George_D_Watt.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/57/Early_Deseret_cursive_lineup_based_on_a_document_written_by_its_creator_George_D_Watt.svg/600px-Early_Deseret_cursive_lineup_based_on_a_document_written_by_its_creator_George_D_Watt.svg.png" decoding="async" width="600" height="318" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/57/Early_Deseret_cursive_lineup_based_on_a_document_written_by_its_creator_George_D_Watt.svg/900px-Early_Deseret_cursive_lineup_based_on_a_document_written_by_its_creator_George_D_Watt.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/57/Early_Deseret_cursive_lineup_based_on_a_document_written_by_its_creator_George_D_Watt.svg/1200px-Early_Deseret_cursive_lineup_based_on_a_document_written_by_its_creator_George_D_Watt.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="271" /></a> The cursive style has many unorthodox characteristics uncommon to <a href="/wiki/Alphabet" title="Alphabet">alphabetic writing systems</a>. <a href="/wiki/Vowel" title="Vowel">Vowels</a> can be dropped if the writer is in a hurry and feels the word is obvious as in an <a href="/wiki/Abjad" title="Abjad">abjad</a>, letters can be written above or below the base line depending on what precedes them, and 𐐮 is placed on letters after they are already written as in an <a href="/wiki/Abugida" title="Abugida">abugida</a>. Furthermore, unlike the typeset alphabet, the cursive alphabet has no letter case. These characteristics could have arisen because Watt was a local expert in <a href="/wiki/Pitman_shorthand" title="Pitman shorthand">Pitman shorthand</a>, which is written in a similar way.<a href="#cite_note-Beesley2004-7">[7]</a>: 13  The table below shows some examples of how the cursive form is written. Dropped vowels are marked in parentheses. <a href="/wiki/File:Deseret_cursive_examples_based_on_the_Mormon_bishops_meeting_minutes_recorded_by_George_D_Watt.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a3/Deseret_cursive_examples_based_on_the_Mormon_bishops_meeting_minutes_recorded_by_George_D_Watt.svg/512px-Deseret_cursive_examples_based_on_the_Mormon_bishops_meeting_minutes_recorded_by_George_D_Watt.svg.png" decoding="async" width="512" height="539" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a3/Deseret_cursive_examples_based_on_the_Mormon_bishops_meeting_minutes_recorded_by_George_D_Watt.svg/768px-Deseret_cursive_examples_based_on_the_Mormon_bishops_meeting_minutes_recorded_by_George_D_Watt.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a3/Deseret_cursive_examples_based_on_the_Mormon_bishops_meeting_minutes_recorded_by_George_D_Watt.svg/1024px-Deseret_cursive_examples_based_on_the_Mormon_bishops_meeting_minutes_recorded_by_George_D_Watt.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="539" /></a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Block_letters">Block letters</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Deseret_alphabet&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: Block letters">edit</a>]</div> George D. Watt found his own alphabet cumbersome to write and abandoned it. As he wrote to Brigham Young on 21 August 1854:<a href="#cite_note-Watt1977-71">[71]</a><a href="#cite_note-72">[72]</a><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1244412712">.mw-parser-output .templatequote{overflow:hidden;margin:1em 0;padding:0 32px}.mw-parser-output .templatequotecite{line-height:1.5em;text-align:left;margin-top:0}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .templatequotecite{padding-left:1.6em}}</style><blockquote class="templatequote">Dear Bro. I herein submit for your examination the result of much thought and extensive practice on the new alphabet since the Board of Regents last met. I candidly confess that I never did like the present construction of the alphabet. I was not left as free as I could have wished to be in the construction of it. [...] I am now thoroughly convinced that it is not the most expeditious method of writing and printing, but on the contrary it retards the hand in its onward course.</blockquote> His new alphabet closely resembled an 1853 publication of Isaac Pitman, containing only 33 letters. However, at this point, Young was still enamored with the original Deseret alphabet, and so he rejected the proposal and Watt continued to publicly promote the alphabet as part of his job despite his reservations.<a href="#cite_note-Watt1977-71">[71]</a> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Fragment_of_Marion_Shelton%27s_Hopi_dictionary.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6b/Fragment_of_Marion_Shelton%27s_Hopi_dictionary.jpg/220px-Fragment_of_Marion_Shelton%27s_Hopi_dictionary.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="142" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6b/Fragment_of_Marion_Shelton%27s_Hopi_dictionary.jpg/330px-Fragment_of_Marion_Shelton%27s_Hopi_dictionary.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6b/Fragment_of_Marion_Shelton%27s_Hopi_dictionary.jpg/440px-Fragment_of_Marion_Shelton%27s_Hopi_dictionary.jpg 2x" data-file-width="885" data-file-height="573" /></a><figcaption>A fragment of Marion Shelton's Hopi dictionary, the source of his handwriting. This section shows translations into the <a href="/wiki/Hopi_language" title="Hopi language">Hopi language</a> (<a href="/wiki/Orayvi" class="mw-redirect" title="Orayvi">Orayvi dialect</a>) for words that start with the English phoneme <a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/English" title="Help:IPA/English">/oʊ/</a>.</figcaption></figure> After 1855, no more cursive documents appear, and all surviving journals are written in block letters.<a href="#cite_note-Beesley2002-41">[41]</a>: 21  Marion J. Shelton, an early Mormon missionary who wrote a dictionary of the Hopi language in the alphabet, was a "typical" 40-letter Deseret writer,<a href="#cite_note-Beesley2004-7">[7]</a>: 19  and his style of writing is shown below. <a href="/wiki/File:Early_Deseret_printed_handwritten_lineup_based_on_a_document_written_by_Mormon_pioneer_Marion_J._Shelton.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a9/Early_Deseret_printed_handwritten_lineup_based_on_a_document_written_by_Mormon_pioneer_Marion_J._Shelton.svg/600px-Early_Deseret_printed_handwritten_lineup_based_on_a_document_written_by_Mormon_pioneer_Marion_J._Shelton.svg.png" decoding="async" width="600" height="322" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a9/Early_Deseret_printed_handwritten_lineup_based_on_a_document_written_by_Mormon_pioneer_Marion_J._Shelton.svg/900px-Early_Deseret_printed_handwritten_lineup_based_on_a_document_written_by_Mormon_pioneer_Marion_J._Shelton.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a9/Early_Deseret_printed_handwritten_lineup_based_on_a_document_written_by_Mormon_pioneer_Marion_J._Shelton.svg/1200px-Early_Deseret_printed_handwritten_lineup_based_on_a_document_written_by_Mormon_pioneer_Marion_J._Shelton.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="275" /></a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Design_criticism">Design criticism</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Deseret_alphabet&action=edit&section=15" title="Edit section: Design criticism">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1237032888/mw-parser-output/.tmulti"><div class="thumb tmulti tright"><div class="thumbinner multiimageinner" style="width:352px;max-width:352px"><div class="trow"><div class="tsingle" style="width:189px;max-width:189px"><div class="thumbimage" style="height:262px;overflow:hidden"><a href="/wiki/File:Bookofmormdeseretalpha00_0224_(cropped).png" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/29/Bookofmormdeseretalpha00_0224_%28cropped%29.png/187px-Bookofmormdeseretalpha00_0224_%28cropped%29.png" decoding="async" width="187" height="262" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/29/Bookofmormdeseretalpha00_0224_%28cropped%29.png/281px-Bookofmormdeseretalpha00_0224_%28cropped%29.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/29/Bookofmormdeseretalpha00_0224_%28cropped%29.png/374px-Bookofmormdeseretalpha00_0224_%28cropped%29.png 2x" data-file-width="988" data-file-height="1386" /></a></div><div class="thumbcaption">Text from the <a href="/wiki/Book_of_Alma" title="Book of Alma">Book of Alma</a></div></div><div class="tsingle" style="width:159px;max-width:159px"><div class="thumbimage" style="height:262px;overflow:hidden"><a href="/wiki/File:Bilge_Khagan_inscription_lines_36-40_in_original_Old_Turkic_script.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4d/Bilge_Khagan_inscription_lines_36-40_in_original_Old_Turkic_script.svg/157px-Bilge_Khagan_inscription_lines_36-40_in_original_Old_Turkic_script.svg.png" decoding="async" width="157" height="264" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4d/Bilge_Khagan_inscription_lines_36-40_in_original_Old_Turkic_script.svg/236px-Bilge_Khagan_inscription_lines_36-40_in_original_Old_Turkic_script.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4d/Bilge_Khagan_inscription_lines_36-40_in_original_Old_Turkic_script.svg/314px-Bilge_Khagan_inscription_lines_36-40_in_original_Old_Turkic_script.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="870" data-file-height="1461" /></a></div><div class="thumbcaption">Old Turkic inscription</div></div></div></div></div> The Deseret alphabet was purposely designed so as to not have <a href="/wiki/Ascender_(typography)" title="Ascender (typography)">ascenders</a> and <a href="/wiki/Descender" title="Descender">descenders</a>.<a href="#cite_note-Beesley2004-7">[7]</a>: 14  This was envisioned as a practical benefit for the alphabet in an era of metal type: after many uses, the edges of <a href="/wiki/Sort_(typesetting)" title="Sort (typesetting)">type sorts</a> become dull, and narrow ascenders and descenders are most prone to this effect.<a href="#cite_note-Beesley2004-7">[7]</a> While well intentioned, this lack has been described as a "catastrophic" mistake<a href="#cite_note-73">[73]</a> that makes type look "monotonous"<a href="#cite_note-Wentz1978-4">[4]</a> and makes all words look alike.<a href="#cite_note-Simmonds1968-18">[18]</a> Some have joked that this aesthetic quality could cause the new alphabet to be mistaken from afar for a <a href="/wiki/Turkey" title="Turkey">Turkish</a> <a href="/wiki/Ledger" title="Ledger">tax list</a>.<a href="#cite_note-Simmonds1968-18">[18]</a><a href="#cite_note-Zobell1967-17">[17]</a> The Mormon pioneers were apparently aware of the problems caused by its monotony:<a href="#cite_note-Moore2006-3">[3]</a>: 76  <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1244412712"><blockquote class="templatequote" style="overflow:inherit;">President Young has decided that [the letters] are not so well adapted for the purpose designed as it was hoped they would be. There being no shanks (ascenders or descenders) to the letters, all being very even, they are trying to the eye, because of their uniformity.<div class="templatequotecite">— <cite>article in the Juvenile Instructor, 2 October 1875</cite></div></blockquote> Other criticism of the design was harsher still. In an 18 December 1857 editorial in the Boston Globe, the alphabet was described as being "so arranged and named as to cause the greatest possible annoyance to outsiders" and the design of the letters as "incomprehensible as [...] the <a href="/wiki/Egyptian_hieroglyphs" title="Egyptian hieroglyphs">hieroglyphics</a> of the [...] <a href="/wiki/Ancient_Egypt" title="Ancient Egypt">Egyptians</a>."<a href="#cite_note-Schindler1998-44">[44]</a> On 4 March 1872, The New York Times called the alphabet "rude, awkward and cumbersome".<a href="#cite_note-:12-43">[43]</a> Some modern computer fonts and printed books have attempted to correct this perceived fault: in the books in John Jenkins' Deseret Alphabet Classics series, the font used adds a descender to 𐑉 and 𐐻 and an ascender to 𐐼 and 𐑇 among other tweaks.<a href="#cite_note-74">[74]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Other_motives">Other motives</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Deseret_alphabet&action=edit&section=16" title="Edit section: Other motives">edit</a>]</div> Officially, the Deseret alphabet was created to simplify the spelling of English words for the benefit of children and <a href="/wiki/English_as_a_second_language" class="mw-redirect" title="English as a second language">English as a second language</a> learners. Some of the alphabet's contemporaries, however, posited an alternative motivation for its development: increasing the <a href="/wiki/Isolationism" title="Isolationism">isolation</a> of the early Mormons. <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="To_keep_outsiders_from_reading_Mormon_secrets_(largely_dismissed)">To keep outsiders from reading Mormon secrets (largely dismissed)</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Deseret_alphabet&action=edit&section=17" title="Edit section: To keep outsiders from reading Mormon secrets (largely dismissed)">edit</a>]</div> The charge that the Deseret alphabet's main purpose was to keep outsiders ("<a href="/wiki/Gentile#The_Church_of_Jesus_Christ_of_Latter-day_Saints" title="Gentile">gentiles</a>" in LDS terminology) in the dark was brought almost immediately, as evidenced by the following 1858 <a href="/wiki/Lyttelton_Times" title="Lyttelton Times">Lyttelton Times</a> reprint of an unnamed "New York newspaper":<a href="#cite_note-:11-42">[42]</a><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1244412712"><blockquote class="templatequote"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r920966791">.mw-parser-output span.smallcaps{font-variant:small-caps}.mw-parser-output span.smallcaps-smaller{font-size:85%}</style>Mormon Secretiveness.—The new "Deseret Alphabet" is completed, and a fount of <a href="/wiki/Pica_(typography)" title="Pica (typography)">pica</a> type has been cast in St. Louis. <a href="/wiki/Type_specimen" class="mw-redirect" title="Type specimen">Specimens</a> of the type are published in the St. Louis papers, but they are unproducible in types that common people use [...] The <a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/en:ukase" class="extiw" title="wikt:en:ukase">ukases</a> of Brother Brigham will hereafter be a sealed letter, literally, to Gentile eyes.</blockquote> Having obtained a copy of the Deseret News in 1859, the Richmond Dispatch disparaged it on April 25, writing "The Deseret News is filled with a lot of hieroglyphs. It seems to be [an alphabet] which the Mormons alone are to be taught."<a href="#cite_note-75">[75]</a> Modern historians, however, doubt the veracity of this theory.<a href="#cite_note-Moore2006-3">[3]</a><a href="#cite_note-Wentz1978-4">[4]</a> For one thing, notes Kenneth R. Beesley, the Deseret News and every book published in the alphabet prominently features the key to the alphabet,<a href="#cite_note-Beesley2002-41">[41]</a>: 36  and anyone without a key could have gotten a copy of A Journey to Great-Salt-Lake City, or traveled to Salt Lake City themselves and bought one.<a href="#cite_note-Moore2006-3">[3]</a> Contemporary scholars <a href="/wiki/Richard_F._Burton" class="mw-redirect" title="Richard F. Burton">Richard F. Burton</a> and <a href="/wiki/Jules_Remy" class="mw-redirect" title="Jules Remy">Jules Remy</a> also dismissed the secrecy argument, in 1860 and 1855 respectively.<a href="#cite_note-Beesley2002-41">[41]</a>: 36  <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="To_keep_Mormons_from_reading_outside_literature">To keep Mormons from reading outside literature</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Deseret_alphabet&action=edit&section=18" title="Edit section: To keep Mormons from reading outside literature">edit</a>]</div> With the impending completion of the Transcontinental Railroad, the Mormon pioneers would have easy, cheap access to publications from the east, including <a href="/wiki/Yellow-back" title="Yellow-back">yellowbacks</a>, <a href="/wiki/Penny_dreadful" title="Penny dreadful">penny dreadfuls</a>, <a href="/wiki/Pulp_magazine" title="Pulp magazine">pulp magazines</a>, and other often scandalous or dirty publications that were rising to prominence in the 19th century. Indeed, in an article about the benefits of the alphabet, the Deseret News proudly wrote:<a href="#cite_note-76">[76]</a><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1244412712"><blockquote class="templatequote">If our community were situated as others are, it might be <a href="/wiki/Don_Quixote" title="Don Quixote">Quixotic</a> to attempt the introduction of this reform among us with the hope of carrying it into practical operation. But our position is unique, we are united. [...] Some have an idea that if a child be educated in the system of spelling and writing by sound it will be a detriment to it in learning the present system. [...] If they could find no better reading than much of the miserable trash that now obtains extensive circulation, it would be better if they never learned to read the present orthography. In such a case ignorance would be blissful. [...] The greatest evils which now flourish and under which Christendom groans are directly traceable to the licentiousness of the press.<div class="templatequotecite">— <cite>"The Deseret Alphabet—Its Advantages", 19 August 1868, Deseret News</cite></div></blockquote> In another article, the Deseret News cited an example of the kind of literature Mormons would benefit from not being able to read: <a href="/wiki/The_Police_Gazette" class="mw-redirect" title="The Police Gazette">The Police Gazette</a>.<a href="#cite_note-Beesley2002-41">[41]</a>: 35  Historians A. J. Simmonds and Roby Wentz contend that while this may have been a tertiary goal of the alphabet, a sort of "happy accident", the main purpose of it was simple orthographic reform.<a href="#cite_note-Simmonds1968-18">[18]</a><a href="#cite_note-Spendlove2015-19">[19]</a> Simmonds notes that the teaching of English to foreigners was not a mere hypothetical to mask isolationist tendencies: 35% of the <a href="/wiki/Utah_Territory" title="Utah Territory">Utah Territory</a>'s population at the time was <a href="/wiki/Scandinavia" title="Scandinavia">Scandinavian</a>, with <a href="/wiki/German_language" title="German language">German</a>, <a href="/wiki/Italian_language" title="Italian language">Italian</a> and <a href="/wiki/Welsh_language" title="Welsh language">Welsh</a> speaking people also making up a considerable percentage of inhabitants; therefore, communication between the recently <a href="/wiki/Baptism_in_Mormonism" title="Baptism in Mormonism">baptized</a> and the community was a real problem.<a href="#cite_note-Simmonds1968-18">[18]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Encodings">Encodings</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Deseret_alphabet&action=edit&section=19" title="Edit section: Encodings">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Deseret_(Unicode_block)" title="Deseret (Unicode block)">Deseret (Unicode block)</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Deseret_glyphs_ew_and_oi_transformation_from_1855_to_1859.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0a/Deseret_glyphs_ew_and_oi_transformation_from_1855_to_1859.svg/220px-Deseret_glyphs_ew_and_oi_transformation_from_1855_to_1859.svg.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="231" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0a/Deseret_glyphs_ew_and_oi_transformation_from_1855_to_1859.svg/330px-Deseret_glyphs_ew_and_oi_transformation_from_1855_to_1859.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0a/Deseret_glyphs_ew_and_oi_transformation_from_1855_to_1859.svg/440px-Deseret_glyphs_ew_and_oi_transformation_from_1855_to_1859.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="538" /></a><figcaption>Between 1855 and 1859, the way most people wrote the glyphs 𐑏 and 𐑎 changed, causing encoding problems when attempting to transcribe documents using the latter glyphs with Unicode.<a href="#cite_note-Beesley2004-7">[7]</a></figcaption></figure> The Deseret alphabet (U+10400–U+1044F) was added to the <a href="/wiki/Unicode" title="Unicode">Unicode</a> Standard in March 2001 with the release of version 3.1, after a request by John H. Jenkins of <a href="/wiki/Apple_Inc." title="Apple Inc.">Apple</a>, making it one of the first scripts to be added outside of the <a href="/wiki/Basic_Multilingual_Plane" class="mw-redirect" title="Basic Multilingual Plane">Basic Multilingual Plane</a>.<a href="#cite_note-Beesley2002-41">[41]</a>: 6  The letters 𐐧 (ew) and 𐐦 (oi) were added to the Unicode Standard in April 2003 with the release of version 4.0.<a href="#cite_note-77">[77]</a> According to Kenneth R. Beesley, who submitted the proposal to expand the encoding,<a href="#cite_note-Beesley-66">[66]</a> "Unicode fonts based on the current heterogeneous collection of <a href="/wiki/Glyph" title="Glyph">glyphs</a> will be useless for any practical <a href="/wiki/Typesetting" title="Typesetting">typesetting</a> of 40-letter Deseret Alphabet documents."<a href="#cite_note-Beesley2004-7">[7]</a>: 29  This is because the Unicode Consortium chose to use glyphs from 1855 as the reference glyphs, while by 1859 those glyphs were already outmoded and replaced with newer glyphs. Beesley thus recommends using <a href="/wiki/LaTeX" title="LaTeX">LaTeX</a> along with his <a href="/wiki/Metafont" title="Metafont">Metafont</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r886049734">desalph font to typeset Deseret text,<a href="#cite_note-Beesley2004-7">[7]</a> but <a href="/wiki/Font" title="Font">fonts</a> which use the alternate glyphs for the two codepoints in question would also work for transcription of 40-letter Deseret texts written during and after 1859. <table class="wikitable nounderlines" style="border-collapse:collapse;background:var(--background-color-base,#fff);color:inherit;font-size:large;text-align:center"> <tbody><tr> <td colspan="17" style="background:var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa);color:inherit;font-size:small"><a href="/wiki/Deseret_(Unicode_block)" title="Deseret (Unicode block)">Deseret</a><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1041539562">.mw-parser-output .citation{word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}</style><a href="#endnote_U10400_as_of_Unicode_version">[1]</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.unicode.org/charts/PDF/U10400.pdf">Official Unicode Consortium code chart</a> (PDF) </td></tr> <tr style="background:var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa);color:inherit;font-size:small"> <td style="width:45pt"> </td> <td style="width:20pt">0</td> <td style="width:20pt">1</td> <td style="width:20pt">2</td> <td style="width:20pt">3</td> <td style="width:20pt">4</td> <td style="width:20pt">5</td> <td style="width:20pt">6</td> <td style="width:20pt">7</td> <td style="width:20pt">8</td> <td style="width:20pt">9</td> <td style="width:20pt">A</td> <td style="width:20pt">B</td> <td style="width:20pt">C</td> <td style="width:20pt">D</td> <td style="width:20pt">E</td> <td style="width:20pt">F </td></tr> <tr> <td style="background:var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa);color:inherit;font-size:small">U+1040x </td> <td title="U+10400: DESERET CAPITAL LETTER LONG I">𐐀 </td> <td title="U+10401: DESERET CAPITAL LETTER LONG E">𐐁 </td> <td title="U+10402: DESERET CAPITAL LETTER LONG A">𐐂 </td> <td title="U+10403: DESERET CAPITAL LETTER LONG AH">𐐃 </td> <td title="U+10404: DESERET CAPITAL LETTER LONG O">𐐄 </td> <td title="U+10405: DESERET CAPITAL LETTER LONG OO">𐐅 </td> <td title="U+10406: DESERET CAPITAL LETTER SHORT I">𐐆 </td> <td title="U+10407: DESERET CAPITAL LETTER SHORT E">𐐇 </td> <td title="U+10408: DESERET CAPITAL LETTER SHORT A">𐐈 </td> <td title="U+10409: DESERET CAPITAL LETTER SHORT AH">𐐉 </td> <td title="U+1040A: DESERET CAPITAL LETTER SHORT O">𐐊 </td> <td title="U+1040B: DESERET CAPITAL LETTER SHORT OO">𐐋 </td> <td title="U+1040C: DESERET CAPITAL LETTER AY">𐐌 </td> <td title="U+1040D: DESERET CAPITAL LETTER OW">𐐍 </td> <td title="U+1040E: DESERET CAPITAL LETTER WU">𐐎 </td> <td title="U+1040F: DESERET CAPITAL LETTER YEE">𐐏 </td></tr> <tr> <td style="background:var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa);color:inherit;font-size:small">U+1041x </td> <td title="U+10410: DESERET CAPITAL LETTER H">𐐐 </td> <td title="U+10411: DESERET CAPITAL LETTER PEE">𐐑 </td> <td title="U+10412: DESERET CAPITAL LETTER BEE">𐐒 </td> <td title="U+10413: DESERET CAPITAL LETTER TEE">𐐓 </td> <td title="U+10414: DESERET CAPITAL LETTER DEE">𐐔 </td> <td title="U+10415: DESERET CAPITAL LETTER CHEE">𐐕 </td> <td title="U+10416: DESERET CAPITAL LETTER JEE">𐐖 </td> <td title="U+10417: DESERET CAPITAL LETTER KAY">𐐗 </td> <td title="U+10418: DESERET CAPITAL LETTER GAY">𐐘 </td> <td title="U+10419: DESERET CAPITAL LETTER EF">𐐙 </td> <td title="U+1041A: DESERET CAPITAL LETTER VEE">𐐚 </td> <td title="U+1041B: DESERET CAPITAL LETTER ETH">𐐛 </td> <td title="U+1041C: DESERET CAPITAL LETTER THEE">𐐜 </td> <td title="U+1041D: DESERET CAPITAL LETTER ES">𐐝 </td> <td title="U+1041E: DESERET CAPITAL LETTER ZEE">𐐞 </td> <td title="U+1041F: DESERET CAPITAL LETTER ESH">𐐟 </td></tr> <tr> <td style="background:var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa);color:inherit;font-size:small">U+1042x </td> <td title="U+10420: DESERET CAPITAL LETTER ZHEE">𐐠 </td> <td title="U+10421: DESERET CAPITAL LETTER ER">𐐡 </td> <td title="U+10422: DESERET CAPITAL LETTER EL">𐐢 </td> <td title="U+10423: DESERET CAPITAL LETTER EM">𐐣 </td> <td title="U+10424: DESERET CAPITAL LETTER EN">𐐤 </td> <td title="U+10425: DESERET CAPITAL LETTER ENG">𐐥 </td> <td title="U+10426: DESERET CAPITAL LETTER OI">𐐦 </td> <td title="U+10427: DESERET CAPITAL LETTER EW">𐐧 </td> <td title="U+10428: DESERET SMALL LETTER LONG I">𐐨 </td> <td title="U+10429: DESERET SMALL LETTER LONG E">𐐩 </td> <td title="U+1042A: DESERET SMALL LETTER LONG A">𐐪 </td> <td title="U+1042B: DESERET SMALL LETTER LONG AH">𐐫 </td> <td title="U+1042C: DESERET SMALL LETTER LONG O">𐐬 </td> <td title="U+1042D: DESERET SMALL LETTER LONG OO">𐐭 </td> <td title="U+1042E: DESERET SMALL LETTER SHORT I">𐐮 </td> <td title="U+1042F: DESERET SMALL LETTER SHORT E">𐐯 </td></tr> <tr> <td style="background:var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa);color:inherit;font-size:small">U+1043x </td> <td title="U+10430: DESERET SMALL LETTER SHORT A">𐐰 </td> <td title="U+10431: DESERET SMALL LETTER SHORT AH">𐐱 </td> <td title="U+10432: DESERET SMALL LETTER SHORT O">𐐲 </td> <td title="U+10433: DESERET SMALL LETTER SHORT OO">𐐳 </td> <td title="U+10434: DESERET SMALL LETTER AY">𐐴 </td> <td title="U+10435: DESERET SMALL LETTER OW">𐐵 </td> <td title="U+10436: DESERET SMALL LETTER WU">𐐶 </td> <td title="U+10437: DESERET SMALL LETTER YEE">𐐷 </td> <td title="U+10438: DESERET SMALL LETTER H">𐐸 </td> <td title="U+10439: DESERET SMALL LETTER PEE">𐐹 </td> <td title="U+1043A: DESERET SMALL LETTER BEE">𐐺 </td> <td title="U+1043B: DESERET SMALL LETTER TEE">𐐻 </td> <td title="U+1043C: DESERET SMALL LETTER DEE">𐐼 </td> <td title="U+1043D: DESERET SMALL LETTER CHEE">𐐽 </td> <td title="U+1043E: DESERET SMALL LETTER JEE">𐐾 </td> <td title="U+1043F: DESERET SMALL LETTER KAY">𐐿 </td></tr> <tr> <td style="background:var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa);color:inherit;font-size:small">U+1044x </td> <td title="U+10440: DESERET SMALL LETTER GAY">𐑀 </td> <td title="U+10441: DESERET SMALL LETTER EF">𐑁 </td> <td title="U+10442: DESERET SMALL LETTER VEE">𐑂 </td> <td title="U+10443: DESERET SMALL LETTER ETH">𐑃 </td> <td title="U+10444: DESERET SMALL LETTER THEE">𐑄 </td> <td title="U+10445: DESERET SMALL LETTER ES">𐑅 </td> <td title="U+10446: DESERET SMALL LETTER ZEE">𐑆 </td> <td title="U+10447: DESERET SMALL LETTER ESH">𐑇 </td> <td title="U+10448: DESERET SMALL LETTER ZHEE">𐑈 </td> <td title="U+10449: DESERET SMALL LETTER ER">𐑉 </td> <td title="U+1044A: DESERET SMALL LETTER EL">𐑊 </td> <td title="U+1044B: DESERET SMALL LETTER EM">𐑋 </td> <td title="U+1044C: DESERET SMALL LETTER EN">𐑌 </td> <td title="U+1044D: DESERET SMALL LETTER ENG">𐑍 </td> <td title="U+1044E: DESERET SMALL LETTER OI">𐑎 </td> <td title="U+1044F: DESERET SMALL LETTER EW">𐑏 </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="17" style="background:var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa);color:inherit;font-size:small;text-align:left">Notes <dl><dd>1.<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1041539562"><a href="#ref_U10400_as_of_Unicode_version">^</a> As of Unicode version 16.0</dd></dl> </td></tr></tbody></table> On 25 February 2016, the <a href="/wiki/Library_of_Congress" title="Library of Congress">Library of Congress</a> approved an <a href="/wiki/ALA-LC_romanization" title="ALA-LC romanization">ALA-LC romanization</a> for the Deseret alphabet.<a href="#cite_note-78">[78]</a> The table can be used to display approximations of titles in non-Latin scripts using the <a href="/wiki/Latin_alphabet" title="Latin alphabet">Latin alphabet</a> for use in library catalogs that do not support non-Latin alphabets. <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Deseret_alphabet&action=edit&section=20" title="Edit section: See also">edit</a>]</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1259569809">.mw-parser-output .portalbox{padding:0;margin:0.5em 0;display:table;box-sizing:border-box;max-width:175px;list-style:none}.mw-parser-output .portalborder{border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#a2a9b1);padding:0.1em;background:var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa)}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-entry{display:table-row;font-size:85%;line-height:110%;height:1.9em;font-style:italic;font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-image{display:table-cell;padding:0.2em;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-link{display:table-cell;padding:0.2em 0.2em 0.2em 0.3em;vertical-align:middle}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .portalleft{clear:left;float:left;margin:0.5em 1em 0.5em 0}.mw-parser-output .portalright{clear:right;float:right;margin:0.5em 0 0.5em 1em}}</style><ul role="navigation" aria-label="Portals" class="noprint portalbox portalborder portalright"> <li class="portalbox-entry"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0b/Christus_statue_temple_square_salt_lake_city.jpg/32px-Christus_statue_temple_square_salt_lake_city.jpg" decoding="async" width="32" height="24" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0b/Christus_statue_temple_square_salt_lake_city.jpg/48px-Christus_statue_temple_square_salt_lake_city.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0b/Christus_statue_temple_square_salt_lake_city.jpg/64px-Christus_statue_temple_square_salt_lake_city.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1067" data-file-height="800" /><a href="/wiki/Portal:Latter_Day_Saint_movement" title="Portal:Latter Day Saint movement">Latter Day Saint movement portal</a></li></ul> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/International_Phonetic_Alphabet" title="International Phonetic Alphabet">International Phonetic Alphabet</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Deseret_alphabet&action=edit&section=21" title="Edit section: References">edit</a>]</div> <div style="font-size:85%;"><div><ol style="list-style-type:upper-alpha"><li><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFBook_of_Mormon" class="citation book cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://media.ldscdn.org/pdf/lds-scriptures/book-of-mormon/book-of-mormon-34406-eng.pdf">Book of Mormon</a> (PDF). <a href="/wiki/Salt_Lake_City" title="Salt Lake City">Salt Lake City</a>: <a href="/wiki/Intellectual_Reserve,_Inc." class="mw-redirect" title="Intellectual Reserve, Inc.">Intellectual Reserve, Inc.</a> for <a href="/wiki/Church_of_Jesus_Christ_of_Latter-day_Saints" class="mw-redirect" title="Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints">Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints</a>. 2013. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20201028050409/https://media.ldscdn.org/pdf/lds-scriptures/book-of-mormon/book-of-mormon-34406-eng.pdf">Archived</a> (PDF) from the original on 28 October 2020. Retrieved 21 June 2020.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Book+of+Mormon&rft.place=Salt+Lake+City&rft.pub=Intellectual+Reserve%2C+Inc.+for+Church+of+Jesus+Christ+of+Latter-day+Saints&rft.date=2013&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fmedia.ldscdn.org%2Fpdf%2Flds-scriptures%2Fbook-of-mormon%2Fbook-of-mormon-34406-eng.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADeseret+alphabet" class="Z3988"></li></ol></div></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist reflist-columns references-column-width" style="column-width: 30em;"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFBook_of_Mormon">Book of Mormon</a>, p. 534, "Pronunciation Guide". Converted to <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:IPA_for_English" class="mw-redirect" title="Wikipedia:IPA for English">IPA</a> from dĕz-a-rĕt′ according to key on p. 533. </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFArrington2012" class="citation book cs1">Arrington, Leonard J. (2012). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.worldcat.org/oclc/779877565">Brigham Young : American Moses</a>. New York: Vintage Books. pp. 353–8. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-345-80321-4" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-345-80321-4"><bdi>978-0-345-80321-4</bdi></a>. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/779877565">779877565</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Brigham+Young+%3A+American+Moses&rft.place=New+York&rft.pages=353-8&rft.pub=Vintage+Books&rft.date=2012&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F779877565&rft.isbn=978-0-345-80321-4&rft.aulast=Arrington&rft.aufirst=Leonard+J.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.worldcat.org%2Foclc%2F779877565&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADeseret+alphabet" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Moore2006-3">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Moore2006_3-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Moore2006_3-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Moore2006_3-2">c</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Moore2006_3-3">d</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Moore2006_3-4">e</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Moore2006_3-5">f</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Moore2006_3-6">g</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Moore2006_3-7">h</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Moore2006_3-8">i</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Moore2006_3-9">j</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Moore2006_3-10">k</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Moore2006_3-11">l</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Moore2006_3-12">m</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Moore2006_3-13">n</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Moore2006_3-14">o</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Moore2006_3-15">p</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMoore2006" class="citation web cs1">Moore, Richard G. (2006). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://web.chem.ucla.edu/~jericks/Historical%20or%20Technical/History%20Looking%20Backwards/Magazine%20articles/The%20Religious%20Educator/Deseret%20Alphabet%20Experiment2.pdf">"The Deseret Alphabet Experiment"</a> (PDF). Religious Studies Center. Brigham Young University. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170131191507/http://web.chem.ucla.edu/~jericks/Historical%20or%20Technical/History%20Looking%20Backwards/Magazine%20articles/The%20Religious%20Educator/Deseret%20Alphabet%20Experiment2.pdf">Archived</a> (PDF) from the original on 31 January 2017. Retrieved 6 January 2017.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Religious+Studies+Center&rft.atitle=The+Deseret+Alphabet+Experiment&rft.date=2006&rft.aulast=Moore&rft.aufirst=Richard+G.&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fweb.chem.ucla.edu%2F~jericks%2FHistorical%2520or%2520Technical%2FHistory%2520Looking%2520Backwards%2FMagazine%2520articles%2FThe%2520Religious%2520Educator%2FDeseret%2520Alphabet%2520Experiment2.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADeseret+alphabet" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Wentz1978-4">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Wentz1978_4-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Wentz1978_4-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Wentz1978_4-2">c</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Wentz1978_4-3">d</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Wentz1978_4-4">e</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Wentz1978_4-5">f</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWentz1978" class="citation book cs1">Wentz, Roby (1978). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://web.chem.ucla.edu/~jericks/Historical%20or%20Technical/History%20Looking%20Backwards/38%20Mormon%20Characters%20by%20Roby%20Wentz.pdf">38 Mormon Characters: A Forgotten Chapter in Western Typographic History</a> (PDF). Los Angeles, California. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170107172851/http://web.chem.ucla.edu/~jericks/Historical%20or%20Technical/History%20Looking%20Backwards/38%20Mormon%20Characters%20by%20Roby%20Wentz.pdf">Archived</a> (PDF) from the original on 7 January 2017. Retrieved 7 January 2017.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=38+Mormon+Characters%3A+A+Forgotten+Chapter+in+Western+Typographic+History&rft.place=Los+Angeles%2C+California&rft.date=1978&rft.aulast=Wentz&rft.aufirst=Roby&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fweb.chem.ucla.edu%2F~jericks%2FHistorical%2520or%2520Technical%2FHistory%2520Looking%2520Backwards%2F38%2520Mormon%2520Characters%2520by%2520Roby%2520Wentz.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADeseret+alphabet" class="Z3988"><code class="cs1-code">{{<a href="/wiki/Template:Cite_book" title="Template:Cite book">cite book</a>}}</code>: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (<a href="/wiki/Category:CS1_maint:_location_missing_publisher" title="Category:CS1 maint: location missing publisher">link</a>) </li> <li id="cite_note-Watt2009-5">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Watt2009_5-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Watt2009_5-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Watt2009_5-2">c</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Watt2009_5-3">d</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Watt2009_5-4">e</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Watt2009_5-5">f</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWatt2009" class="citation book cs1">Watt, Ronald G. (2009). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://digitalcommons.usu.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1045&context=usupress_pubs">The Mormon Passage of George D. Watt: First British Convert, Scribe for Zion</a>. <a href="/wiki/Logan,_Utah" title="Logan, Utah">Logan, Utah</a>: <a href="/wiki/Utah_State_University_Press" class="mw-redirect" title="Utah State University Press">Utah State University Press</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780874217582" title="Special:BookSources/9780874217582"><bdi>9780874217582</bdi></a>. Retrieved 25 January 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Mormon+Passage+of+George+D.+Watt%3A+First+British+Convert%2C+Scribe+for+Zion&rft.place=Logan%2C+Utah&rft.pub=Utah+State+University+Press&rft.date=2009&rft.isbn=9780874217582&rft.aulast=Watt&rft.aufirst=Ronald+G.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fdigitalcommons.usu.edu%2Fcgi%2Fviewcontent.cgi%3Farticle%3D1045%26context%3Dusupress_pubs&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADeseret+alphabet" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1">"The New Alphabet". Deseret News. 19 January 1854.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Deseret+News&rft.atitle=The+New+Alphabet&rft.date=1854-01-19&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADeseret+alphabet" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Beesley2004-7">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Beesley2004_7-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Beesley2004_7-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Beesley2004_7-2">c</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Beesley2004_7-3">d</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Beesley2004_7-4">e</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Beesley2004_7-5">f</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Beesley2004_7-6">g</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Beesley2004_7-7">h</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Beesley2004_7-8">i</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Beesley2004_7-9">j</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Beesley2004_7-10">k</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Beesley2004_7-11">l</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Beesley2004_7-12">m</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Beesley2004_7-13">n</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Beesley2004_7-14">o</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Beesley2004_7-15">p</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Beesley2004_7-16">q</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Beesley2004_7-17">r</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Beesley2004_7-18">s</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Beesley2004_7-19">t</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Beesley2004_7-20">u</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Beesley2004_7-21">v</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Beesley2004_7-22">w</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Beesley2004_7-23">x</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Beesley2004_7-24">y</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Beesley2004_7-25">z</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Beesley2004_7-26">aa</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Beesley2004_7-27">ab</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Beesley2004_7-28">ac</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Beesley2004_7-29">ad</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Beesley2004_7-30">ae</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Beesley2004_7-31">af</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Beesley2004_7-32">ag</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Beesley2004_7-33">ah</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBeesley2004" class="citation book cs1">Beesley, Kenneth R. (2004). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://copper.chem.ucla.edu/~jericks/Historical%20or%20Technical/History%20Looking%20Backwards/Ken%20Beesley/Typesetting%20the%20Deseret%20Alphabet%20with%20LATEX%20and%20METAFONT.pdf">"Typesetting the Deseret Alphabet with LaTeX and metafont"</a> (PDF). TeX, XML, and Digital Typography. Lecture Notes in Computer Science. Vol. 25. <a href="/wiki/TeX_Users_Group" class="mw-redirect" title="TeX Users Group">TeX Users Group</a>. pp. 68–111. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1007%2F978-3-540-27773-6_7">10.1007/978-3-540-27773-6_7</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-3-540-22801-1" title="Special:BookSources/978-3-540-22801-1"><bdi>978-3-540-22801-1</bdi></a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170509044613/http://copper.chem.ucla.edu/~jericks/Historical%20or%20Technical/History%20Looking%20Backwards/Ken%20Beesley/Typesetting%20the%20Deseret%20Alphabet%20with%20LATEX%20and%20METAFONT.pdf">Archived</a> (PDF) from the original on 9 May 2017. Retrieved 12 January 2017.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Typesetting+the+Deseret+Alphabet+with+LaTeX+and+metafont&rft.btitle=TeX%2C+XML%2C+and+Digital+Typography&rft.series=Lecture+Notes+in+Computer+Science&rft.pages=68-111&rft.pub=TeX+Users+Group&rft.date=2004&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1007%2F978-3-540-27773-6_7&rft.isbn=978-3-540-22801-1&rft.aulast=Beesley&rft.aufirst=Kenneth+R.&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fcopper.chem.ucla.edu%2F~jericks%2FHistorical%2520or%2520Technical%2FHistory%2520Looking%2520Backwards%2FKen%2520Beesley%2FTypesetting%2520the%2520Deseret%2520Alphabet%2520with%2520LATEX%2520and%2520METAFONT.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADeseret+alphabet" class="Z3988"> <code class="cs1-code">{{<a href="/wiki/Template:Cite_book" title="Template:Cite book">cite book</a>}}</code>: <code class="cs1-code">|journal=</code> ignored (<a href="/wiki/Help:CS1_errors#periodical_ignored" title="Help:CS1 errors">help</a>) </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><a href="#cite_ref-8">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFBook_of_Mormon">Book of Mormon</a>, p. 489. <a href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/Book_of_Mormon_(1981)/Ether#2:3" class="extiw" title="s:Book of Mormon (1981)/Ether">Ether 2:3</a>: And they did also carry with them deseret, which, by interpretation, is a honey bee; and thus they did carry with them swarms of bees, and all manner of that which was upon the face of the land, seeds of every kind.<div style="float:right">[<a href="/wiki/Emphasis_(typography)" title="Emphasis (typography)">emphasis added</a>]</div> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><a href="#cite_ref-9">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFUnderwood1993" class="citation book cs1">Underwood, Grant (1993). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.worldcat.org/oclc/27643026">The millenarian world of early Mormonism</a>. Urbana: University of Illinois Press. p. 6. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-252-02037-5" title="Special:BookSources/0-252-02037-5"><bdi>0-252-02037-5</bdi></a>. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/27643026">27643026</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+millenarian+world+of+early+Mormonism&rft.place=Urbana&rft.pages=6&rft.pub=University+of+Illinois+Press&rft.date=1993&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F27643026&rft.isbn=0-252-02037-5&rft.aulast=Underwood&rft.aufirst=Grant&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.worldcat.org%2Foclc%2F27643026&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADeseret+alphabet" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-10"><a href="#cite_ref-10">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMauss1994" class="citation book cs1">Mauss, Armand L. (1994). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.worldcat.org/oclc/28333190">The angel and the beehive : the Mormon struggle with assimilation</a>. Urbana: University of Illinois Press. p. 188. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-252-02071-5" title="Special:BookSources/0-252-02071-5"><bdi>0-252-02071-5</bdi></a>. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/28333190">28333190</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+angel+and+the+beehive+%3A+the+Mormon+struggle+with+assimilation&rft.place=Urbana&rft.pages=188&rft.pub=University+of+Illinois+Press&rft.date=1994&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F28333190&rft.isbn=0-252-02071-5&rft.aulast=Mauss&rft.aufirst=Armand+L.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.worldcat.org%2Foclc%2F28333190&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADeseret+alphabet" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-11"><a href="#cite_ref-11">^</a> LDS Tenth Article of Faith </li> <li id="cite_note-12"><a href="#cite_ref-12">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDunn1982" class="citation journal cs1">Dunn, Scott (26 March 1982). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://scholarsarchive.byu.edu/dlls/vol8/iss1/26">"The Tongue of Angels?: Glossolalia in the Mormon Church"</a>. Deseret Language and Linguistic Society Symposium. 8 (1): 38.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Deseret+Language+and+Linguistic+Society+Symposium&rft.atitle=The+Tongue+of+Angels%3F%3A+Glossolalia+in+the+Mormon+Church&rft.volume=8&rft.issue=1&rft.pages=38&rft.date=1982-03-26&rft.aulast=Dunn&rft.aufirst=Scott&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fscholarsarchive.byu.edu%2Fdlls%2Fvol8%2Fiss1%2F26&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADeseret+alphabet" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-:0-13">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:0_13-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-:0_13-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFYoung1858" class="citation journal cs1">Young, Brigham (29 November 1858). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://brighamyoungcenter.org/s/byp/item/7056?property%5B0%5D%5Bjoiner%5D=and&property%5B0%5D%5Bproperty%5D=7&property%5B0%5D%5Btype%5D=in&property%5B0%5D%5Btext%5D=1858&link=/s/byp/page/documents#?c=&m=&s=&cv=">"1858 November 29 Letter to Frederick Edward Schonfield"</a>. Brigham Young Papers;The Brigham Young Center.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Brigham+Young+Papers%3BThe+Brigham+Young+Center&rft.atitle=1858+November+29+Letter+to+Frederick+Edward+Schonfield&rft.date=1858-11-29&rft.aulast=Young&rft.aufirst=Brigham&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbrighamyoungcenter.org%2Fs%2Fbyp%2Fitem%2F7056%3Fproperty%255B0%255D%255Bjoiner%255D%3Dand%26property%255B0%255D%255Bproperty%255D%3D7%26property%255B0%255D%255Btype%255D%3Din%26property%255B0%255D%255Btext%255D%3D1858%26link%3D%2Fs%2Fbyp%2Fpage%2Fdocuments%23%3Fc%3D%26m%3D%26s%3D%26cv%3D&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADeseret+alphabet" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-:1-14"><a href="#cite_ref-:1_14-0">^</a> <a href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/The_Pearl_of_Great_Price_(1913)/Moses#6:5" class="extiw" title="s:The Pearl of Great Price (1913)/Moses">The Pearl of Great Price, Moses 6:5–6</a> </li> <li id="cite_note-15"><a href="#cite_ref-15">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFYoung1868" class="citation book cs1">Young, Brigham (8 October 1868). Journal of Discourses. Vol. 12. delivered in the Tabernacle, Salt Lake City, UT. p. 289.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Journal+of+Discourses&rft.place=delivered+in+the+Tabernacle%2C+Salt+Lake+City%2C+UT&rft.pages=289&rft.date=1868-10-08&rft.aulast=Young&rft.aufirst=Brigham&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADeseret+alphabet" class="Z3988"><code class="cs1-code">{{<a href="/wiki/Template:Cite_book" title="Template:Cite book">cite book</a>}}</code>: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (<a href="/wiki/Category:CS1_maint:_location_missing_publisher" title="Category:CS1 maint: location missing publisher">link</a>) </li> <li id="cite_note-16"><a href="#cite_ref-16">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMorgan2012" class="citation book cs1">Morgan, Dale L. (2012). Dale Morgan on the Mormons: Collected Works, Part 1, 1939–1951. Norman, OK: Arthur Clark. p. 210. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-87062-416-2" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-87062-416-2"><bdi>978-0-87062-416-2</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Dale+Morgan+on+the+Mormons%3A+Collected+Works%2C+Part+1%2C+1939%E2%80%931951&rft.place=Norman%2C+OK&rft.pages=210&rft.pub=Arthur+Clark&rft.date=2012&rft.isbn=978-0-87062-416-2&rft.aulast=Morgan&rft.aufirst=Dale+L.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADeseret+alphabet" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Zobell1967-17">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Zobell1967_17-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Zobell1967_17-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Zobell1967_17-2">c</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Zobell1967_17-3">d</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFZobell1967" class="citation book cs1">Zobell, Albert L. Jr. (1967). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/improvementera7007unse">The Improvement Era</a>. Vol. 70. Salt Lake City: The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints. pp. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/improvementera7007unse/page/n11">10</a>–11.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Improvement+Era&rft.place=Salt+Lake+City&rft.pages=10-11&rft.pub=The+Church+of+Jesus+Christ+of+Latter-day+Saints&rft.date=1967&rft.aulast=Zobell&rft.aufirst=Albert+L.+Jr.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fimprovementera7007unse&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADeseret+alphabet" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Simmonds1968-18">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Simmonds1968_18-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Simmonds1968_18-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Simmonds1968_18-2">c</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Simmonds1968_18-3">d</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Simmonds1968_18-4">e</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Simmonds1968_18-5">f</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Simmonds1968_18-6">g</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Simmonds1968_18-7">h</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Simmonds1968_18-8">i</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSimmonds1968" class="citation news cs1">Simmonds, A. J. (1968). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://web.chem.ucla.edu/~jericks/Historical%20or%20Technical/History%20Looking%20Backwards/Magazine%20articles/True%20Frontier/Utah's%20Strange%20Alphabet%20by%20A.%20J.%20Simmonds1968.pdf">"Utah's Strange Alphabet"</a> (PDF). Sparta, Illinois: Major Magazines, Inc. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200729222045/http://web.chem.ucla.edu/~jericks/Historical%20or%20Technical/History%20Looking%20Backwards/Magazine%20articles/True%20Frontier/Utah's%20Strange%20Alphabet%20by%20A.%20J.%20Simmonds1968.pdf">Archived</a> (PDF) from the original on 29 July 2020. Retrieved 10 January 2017.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Utah%27s+Strange+Alphabet&rft.date=1968&rft.aulast=Simmonds&rft.aufirst=A.+J.&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fweb.chem.ucla.edu%2F~jericks%2FHistorical%2520or%2520Technical%2FHistory%2520Looking%2520Backwards%2FMagazine%2520articles%2FTrue%2520Frontier%2FUtah%27s%2520Strange%2520Alphabet%2520by%2520A.%2520J.%2520Simmonds1968.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADeseret+alphabet" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Spendlove2015-19">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Spendlove2015_19-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Spendlove2015_19-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Spendlove2015_19-2">c</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSpendlove2015" class="citation journal cs1">Spendlove, Loren Blake (1 January 2015). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://journal.interpreterfoundation.org/say-now-shibboleth-or-maybe-cumorah/">"Say Now Shibboleth, or Maybe Cumorah"</a>. Interpreter: A Journal of Mormon Scripture. 15. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150709005907/http://www.mormoninterpreter.com/say-now-shibboleth-or-maybe-cumorah/">Archived</a> from the original on 9 July 2015. Retrieved 8 July 2015.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Interpreter%3A+A+Journal+of+Mormon+Scripture&rft.atitle=Say+Now+Shibboleth%2C+or+Maybe+Cumorah&rft.volume=15&rft.date=2015-01-01&rft.aulast=Spendlove&rft.aufirst=Loren+Blake&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fjournal.interpreterfoundation.org%2Fsay-now-shibboleth-or-maybe-cumorah%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADeseret+alphabet" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-20"><a href="#cite_ref-20">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://2deseret.com/">"Deseret Alphabet Translator"</a>. 2deseret.com. Retrieved 10 April 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=2deseret.com&rft.atitle=Deseret+Alphabet+Translator&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2F2deseret.com%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADeseret+alphabet" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-21"><a href="#cite_ref-21">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://faculty.las.illinois.edu/rshosted/deseret.html">"Illinois Deseret Consortium"</a>. faculty.las.illinois.edu. Retrieved 12 April 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=faculty.las.illinois.edu&rft.atitle=Illinois+Deseret+Consortium&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Ffaculty.las.illinois.edu%2Frshosted%2Fdeseret.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADeseret+alphabet" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-22"><a href="#cite_ref-22">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDrucker1995" class="citation book cs1">Drucker, Johanna (1995). The Alphabetic Labyrinth: The Letters in History and Imagination. Thames and Hudson. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780500280683" title="Special:BookSources/9780500280683"><bdi>9780500280683</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Alphabetic+Labyrinth%3A+The+Letters+in+History+and+Imagination&rft.pub=Thames+and+Hudson&rft.date=1995&rft.isbn=9780500280683&rft.aulast=Drucker&rft.aufirst=Johanna&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADeseret+alphabet" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-23"><a href="#cite_ref-23">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.churchofjesuschrist.org/study/eng/history/topics/gathering-of-israel">"The Gathering of Israel"</a>. www.churchofjesuschrist.org. Retrieved 10 April 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.churchofjesuschrist.org&rft.atitle=The+Gathering+of+Israel&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.churchofjesuschrist.org%2Fstudy%2Feng%2Fhistory%2Ftopics%2Fgathering-of-israel&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADeseret+alphabet" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-24"><a href="#cite_ref-24">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1">"Vol. 10, no 6". 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The University of Utah Press. Retrieved 26 January 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=An+1860+English-Hopi+Vocabulary+Written+in+the+Deseret+Alphabet&rft.pub=The+University+of+Utah+Press&rft.date=2014&rft.aulast=Beesley&rft.aufirst=Kenneth+R.&rft.au=Elzinga%2C+Dirk&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fuofupress.lib.utah.edu%2Fan-1860-english-hopi-vocabulary-written-in-the-deseret-alphabet%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADeseret+alphabet" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-48"><a href="#cite_ref-48">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFVigoda1990" class="citation news cs1">Vigoda, Ralph (3 June 1990). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.newspapers.com/image/176073436/?terms=deseret%2Balphabet">"A churchman's failed mission: Language logic"</a>. The Philadelphia Inquirer. p. 2C. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170116183849/https://www.newspapers.com/image/176073436/?terms=deseret%2Balphabet">Archived</a> from the original on 16 January 2017. Retrieved 14 January 2017 – via Newspapers.com.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Philadelphia+Inquirer&rft.atitle=A+churchman%27s+failed+mission%3A+Language+logic&rft.pages=2C&rft.date=1990-06-03&rft.aulast=Vigoda&rft.aufirst=Ralph&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.newspapers.com%2Fimage%2F176073436%2F%3Fterms%3Ddeseret%252Balphabet&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADeseret+alphabet" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-49"><a href="#cite_ref-49">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKrantz2000" class="citation book cs1">Krantz, Steven G. 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Retrieved 26 August 2017.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Handbook+of+Typography+for+the+Mathematical+Sciences&rft.pages=149&rft.pub=CRC+Press&rft.date=2000-08-31&rft.isbn=9781420036015&rft.aulast=Krantz&rft.aufirst=Steven+G.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3Do_TKBQAAQBAJ%26pg%3DPA149&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADeseret+alphabet" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Zion1996-50">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Zion1996_50-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Zion1996_50-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFZion1996" class="citation web cs1">Zion, Brion (1996). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150703094802/http://brionzion.com/a-b-book.htm">"Brion Zion's DESERET ALPHABET BOOK"</a>. brionzion.com. Wanderer Press, L.C. 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Jenkins. <a href="/wiki/Evertype" class="mw-redirect" title="Evertype">Evertype</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9781782010647" title="Special:BookSources/9781782010647"><bdi>9781782010647</bdi></a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170210102915/http://www.evertype.com/carrolliana.html">Archived</a> from the original on 10 February 2017. Retrieved 23 January 2017.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Alice%27s+Adventures+in+Wonderland+%28%3Cspan+lang%3D%22en-Dsrt%3E%F0%90%90%88%F0%90%91%8A%F0%90%90%AE%F0%90%91%85%27%F0%90%91%86+%F0%90%90%88%F0%90%90%BC%F0%90%91%82%F0%90%90%AF%F0%90%91%8C%F0%90%90%BD%F0%90%90%B2%F0%90%91%89%F0%90%91%86+%F0%90%90%AE%F0%90%91%8C+%F0%90%90%8E%F0%90%90%B2%F0%90%91%8C%F0%90%90%BC%F0%90%90%B2%F0%90%91%89%F0%90%91%8A%F0%90%90%B0%F0%90%91%8C%F0%90%90%BC%3C%2Fspan%3E%29%3A+An+edition+printed+in+the+Deseret+Alphabet&rft.pub=Evertype&rft.date=2014-09-21&rft.isbn=9781782010647&rft.aulast=Carroll&rft.aufirst=Lewis&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.evertype.com%2Fcarrolliana.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADeseret+alphabet" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Austen2013-55"><a href="#cite_ref-Austen2013_55-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAusten2013" class="citation book cs1">Austen, Jane (1 April 2013). 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Retrieved 6 January 2017.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Joshua+Erickson%27s+Deseret+Alphabet+Pages&rft.atitle=Deseret+Bee+Fonts&rft.aulast=Erickson&rft.aufirst=Joshua&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fcopper.chem.ucla.edu%2F~jericks%2FSans_Serif.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADeseret+alphabet" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-60"><a href="#cite_ref-60">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/get/noto/">"Google Noto Fonts"</a>. www.google.com. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170108130144/https://www.google.com/get/noto/">Archived</a> from the original on 8 January 2017. 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Retrieved 7 January 2017.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Unicode+Fonts+for+Ancient+Scripts&rft.date=2015-10-01&rft.aulast=Douros&rft.aufirst=George&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fusers.teilar.gr%2F~g1951d%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADeseret+alphabet" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-62"><a href="#cite_ref-62">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWood2001" class="citation web cs1">Wood, Alan (27 October 2001). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.alanwood.net/unicode/deseret.html">"Deseret – Test for Unicode support in Web browsers"</a>. Alan Wood's Unicode Resources. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170204215420/http://www.alanwood.net/unicode/deseret.html">Archived</a> from the original on 4 February 2017. Retrieved 19 January 2017.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Alan+Wood%27s+Unicode+Resources&rft.atitle=Deseret+%E2%80%93+Test+for+Unicode+support+in+Web+browsers&rft.date=2001-10-27&rft.aulast=Wood&rft.aufirst=Alan&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.alanwood.net%2Funicode%2Fdeseret.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADeseret+alphabet" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-63"><a href="#cite_ref-63">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFEverson2008" class="citation web cs1">Everson, Michael (28 December 2008). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170705024437/http://www.evertype.com/emono/">"Everson Mono"</a>. Evertype. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.evertype.com/emono/">the original</a> on 5 July 2017. Retrieved 19 January 2017.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Evertype&rft.atitle=Everson+Mono&rft.date=2008-12-28&rft.aulast=Everson&rft.aufirst=Michael&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.evertype.com%2Femono%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADeseret+alphabet" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-64"><a href="#cite_ref-64">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSmith1869" class="citation book cs1">Smith, Joseph (1869). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/bookofmormdeseretalpha00">Book of Mormon in the Deseret Alphabet</a> (1990 ed.). Corporation of the Presiding Bishop, The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints. pp. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/bookofmormdeseretalpha00/page/2">2</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Book+of+Mormon+in+the+Deseret+Alphabet&rft.pages=2&rft.edition=1990&rft.pub=Corporation+of+the+Presiding+Bishop%2C+The+Church+of+Jesus+Christ+of+Latter-day+Saints&rft.date=1869&rft.aulast=Smith&rft.aufirst=Joseph&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fbookofmormdeseretalpha00&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADeseret+alphabet" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Walker2005-65">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Walker2005_65-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Walker2005_65-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Walker2005_65-2">c</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Walker2005_65-3">d</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Walker2005_65-4">e</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWalker2005" class="citation book cs1">Walker, Neil Alexander (2005). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://copper.chem.ucla.edu/~jericks/Historical%20or%20Technical/Linguistics/Deseret_Guide.pdf">A Complete Guide to Reading and Writing the Deseret Alphabet</a> (PDF). Lulu.com. p. 26. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1411648654" title="Special:BookSources/978-1411648654"><bdi>978-1411648654</bdi></a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160803095739/http://copper.chem.ucla.edu/~jericks/Historical%20or%20Technical/Linguistics/Deseret_Guide.pdf">Archived</a> (PDF) from the original on 3 August 2016. Retrieved 5 March 2014.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=A+Complete+Guide+to+Reading+and+Writing+the+Deseret+Alphabet&rft.pages=26&rft.pub=Lulu.com&rft.date=2005&rft.isbn=978-1411648654&rft.aulast=Walker&rft.aufirst=Neil+Alexander&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fcopper.chem.ucla.edu%2F~jericks%2FHistorical%2520or%2520Technical%2FLinguistics%2FDeseret_Guide.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADeseret+alphabet" class="Z3988"> <code class="cs1-code">{{<a href="/wiki/Template:Cite_book" title="Template:Cite book">cite book</a>}}</code>: <code class="cs1-code">|website=</code> ignored (<a href="/wiki/Help:CS1_errors#periodical_ignored" title="Help:CS1 errors">help</a>)[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability#Self-published_sources" title="Wikipedia:Verifiability">self-published source</a>] </li> <li id="cite_note-Beesley-66">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Beesley_66-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Beesley_66-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Beesley_66-2">c</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBeesley2002" class="citation web cs1">Beesley, Kenneth R. (25 April 2002). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.unicode.org/L2/L2002/02169-deseret.pdf">"Proposal to Modify the Encoding of Deseret Alphabet in Unicode"</a> (PDF). Unicode Consortium. Xerox Research Center Europe. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190614210322/http://www.unicode.org/L2/L2002/02169-deseret.pdf">Archived</a> (PDF) from the original on 14 June 2019. Retrieved 4 January 2017.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Unicode+Consortium&rft.atitle=Proposal+to+Modify+the+Encoding+of+Deseret+Alphabet+in+Unicode&rft.date=2002-04-25&rft.aulast=Beesley&rft.aufirst=Kenneth+R.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.unicode.org%2FL2%2FL2002%2F02169-deseret.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADeseret+alphabet" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-:15-67">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:15_67-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-:15_67-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation book cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/deseretfirstbook00univ">𐐜 𐐔𐐯𐑅𐐨𐑉𐐯𐐻 𐐙𐐲𐑉𐑅𐐻 𐐒𐐳𐐿</a> [The Deseret First Book]. Deseret University. 1868. pp. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/deseretfirstbook00univ/page/18">18</a> – via Internet Archive. <q>For 𐐮𐐭: "𐐜 𐐶𐐩𐑂𐑆 𐑉𐐬𐑊 𐐱𐑌 𐑄 𐐼𐐨𐐹 𐐺𐑊𐐮𐐭 𐑅𐐨." (The waves roll on the deep blue sea.)</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=%3Cspan+lang%3D%22en-Dsrt%3E%F0%90%90%9C+%F0%90%90%94%F0%90%90%AF%F0%90%91%85%F0%90%90%A8%F0%90%91%89%F0%90%90%AF%F0%90%90%BB+%F0%90%90%99%F0%90%90%B2%F0%90%91%89%F0%90%91%85%F0%90%90%BB+%F0%90%90%92%F0%90%90%B3%F0%90%90%BF%3C%2Fspan%3E&rft.pages=18&rft.pub=Deseret+University&rft.date=1868&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fdeseretfirstbook00univ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADeseret+alphabet" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Des2nd-68">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Des2nd_68-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Des2nd_68-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Des2nd_68-2">c</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation book cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/thedeseretsecond02univ">𐐜 𐐔𐐯𐑅𐐨𐑉𐐯𐐻 𐐝𐐯𐐿𐐲𐑌𐐼 𐐒𐐳𐐿</a> [The Deseret Second Book]. Deseret University. 1868. p. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/thedeseretsecond02univ/page/7">7</a> – via Internet Archive. <q>For 𐐷𐐭: "𐐐𐐨𐑉 𐐮𐑆 𐐪 𐐸𐐩𐑉. 𐐔𐐮𐐼 𐐷𐐭 𐐯𐑂𐐯𐑉 𐑅𐐨 𐐶𐐲𐑌?" (Here is a hare. Did you ever see one?), For 𐐱𐐮: "𐐌 𐐸𐐨𐑉 𐐪 𐑌𐐱𐐮𐑆!" (I hear a noise!)</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=%3Cspan+lang%3D%22en-Dsrt%3E%F0%90%90%9C+%F0%90%90%94%F0%90%90%AF%F0%90%91%85%F0%90%90%A8%F0%90%91%89%F0%90%90%AF%F0%90%90%BB+%F0%90%90%9D%F0%90%90%AF%F0%90%90%BF%F0%90%90%B2%F0%90%91%8C%F0%90%90%BC+%F0%90%90%92%F0%90%90%B3%F0%90%90%BF%3C%2Fspan%3E&rft.pages=7&rft.pub=Deseret+University&rft.date=1868&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fthedeseretsecond02univ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADeseret+alphabet" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-69"><a href="#cite_ref-69">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFShelton1860" class="citation pressrelease cs1">Shelton, Marion J. (3 April 1860). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://dcms.lds.org/delivery/DeliveryManagerServlet?dps_pid=IE3956499">"Beloved brother, it is with heartfelt gratitude to my Heavenly Father..."</a> Letter to Brigham Young.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Beloved+brother%2C+it+is+with+heartfelt+gratitude+to+my+Heavenly+Father...&rft.date=1860-04-03&rft.aulast=Shelton&rft.aufirst=Marion+J.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fdcms.lds.org%2Fdelivery%2FDeliveryManagerServlet%3Fdps_pid%3DIE3956499&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADeseret+alphabet" class="Z3988">[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Link_rot" title="Wikipedia:Link rot">permanent dead link</a>‍] </li> <li id="cite_note-70"><a href="#cite_ref-70">^</a> University of Deseret papers: New alphabet file, circa 1853. Church History Library, The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints, Salt Lake City, Utah (Call number MS 4223 – you can see the digital object on <a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="https://history.lds.org">https://history.lds.org</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190522183656/https://history.lds.org/">Archived</a> 22 May 2019 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> ) </li> <li id="cite_note-Watt1977-71">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Watt1977_71-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Watt1977_71-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWatt1977" class="citation journal cs1">Watt, Ronald G. (1 January 1977). "Sailing "The Old Ship Zion": The Life of George D. Watt". Brigham Young University Studies. 18 (1): 48–65. <a href="/wiki/JSTOR_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="JSTOR (identifier)">JSTOR</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/43042710">43042710</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Brigham+Young+University+Studies&rft.atitle=Sailing+%22The+Old+Ship+Zion%22%3A+The+Life+of+George+D.+Watt&rft.volume=18&rft.issue=1&rft.pages=48-65&rft.date=1977-01-01&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2F43042710%23id-name%3DJSTOR&rft.aulast=Watt&rft.aufirst=Ronald+G.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADeseret+alphabet" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-72"><a href="#cite_ref-72">^</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://catalog.churchofjesuschrist.org/assets?id=29ac45ca-71bd-40de-9ab7-2c476a4cbb1d&crate=0&index=1">Brigham Young office files, 1832–1878 (bulk 1844–1877); General Correspondence, Incoming, 1840–1877; General Letters, 1840–1877; T-W, 1854; George D. Watt letter (Identifier CR 1234 1).</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210511191922/https://catalog.churchofjesuschrist.org/assets?id=29ac45ca-71bd-40de-9ab7-2c476a4cbb1d&crate=0&index=1">Archived</a> 11 May 2021 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> Church History Library, The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints, Salt Lake City, Utah </li> <li id="cite_note-73"><a href="#cite_ref-73">^</a> Nash, William V. (1957) The Deseret Alphabet. Master's thesis, University of Illinois Library School: Urbana, Illinois </li> <li id="cite_note-74"><a href="#cite_ref-74">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWells2013" class="citation book cs1">Wells, H. G. (14 June 2013). 𐐜 𐐓𐐴𐑋 𐐣𐐲𐑇𐐨𐑌 [The Time Machine]. adapted by John Jenkins. CreateSpace Independent Publishing Platform. pp. iii–iv. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9781482742404" title="Special:BookSources/9781482742404"><bdi>9781482742404</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=%F0%90%90%9C+%F0%90%90%93%F0%90%90%B4%F0%90%91%8B+%F0%90%90%A3%F0%90%90%B2%F0%90%91%87%F0%90%90%A8%F0%90%91%8C&rft.pages=iii-iv&rft.pub=CreateSpace+Independent+Publishing+Platform&rft.date=2013-06-14&rft.isbn=9781482742404&rft.aulast=Wells&rft.aufirst=H.+G.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADeseret+alphabet" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-75"><a href="#cite_ref-75">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.newspapers.com/image/79767205/?terms=Deseret+alphabet">"Later from Utah"</a>. Richmond Dispatch. 25 April 1859. p. 1. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170202024723/https://www.newspapers.com/image/79767205/?terms=Deseret+alphabet">Archived</a> from the original on 2 February 2017. Retrieved 24 January 2017 – via Newspapers.com.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Richmond+Dispatch&rft.atitle=Later+from+Utah&rft.pages=1&rft.date=1859-04-25&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.newspapers.com%2Fimage%2F79767205%2F%3Fterms%3DDeseret%2Balphabet&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADeseret+alphabet" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-76"><a href="#cite_ref-76">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://newspapers.lib.utah.edu/details?id=2601635#t_2601635">"The Deseret Alphabet—Its Advantages"</a>. Deseret News. 18 August 1868. p. 2. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200729221333/https://newspapers.lib.utah.edu/details?id=2601635#t_2601635">Archived</a> from the original on 29 July 2020. Retrieved 16 January 2017 – via University of Utah: Utah Digital Newspapers.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Deseret+News&rft.atitle=The+Deseret+Alphabet%E2%80%94Its+Advantages&rft.pages=2&rft.date=1868-08-18&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fnewspapers.lib.utah.edu%2Fdetails%3Fid%3D2601635%23t_2601635&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADeseret+alphabet" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-77"><a href="#cite_ref-77">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.unicode.org/Public/4.0-Update/UnicodeData-4.0.0.txt">"The Unicode Standard, version 4.0: UnicodeData-4.0.0.txt"</a>. The Unicode Consortium. Retrieved 25 January 2017.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+Unicode+Consortium&rft.atitle=The+Unicode+Standard%2C+version+4.0%3A+UnicodeData-4.0.0.txt&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.unicode.org%2FPublic%2F4.0-Update%2FUnicodeData-4.0.0.txt&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADeseret+alphabet" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-78"><a href="#cite_ref-78">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.loc.gov/catdir/cpso/romanization/deseret.pdf">"ALA-LC Deseret Romanization table"</a> (PDF). <a href="/wiki/Library_of_Congress" title="Library of Congress">Library of Congress</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160304131316/https://www.loc.gov/catdir/cpso/romanization/deseret.pdf">Archived</a> (PDF) from the original on 4 March 2016. Retrieved 26 February 2016.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Library+of+Congress&rft.atitle=ALA-LC+Deseret+Romanization+table&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.loc.gov%2Fcatdir%2Fcpso%2Fromanization%2Fdeseret.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADeseret+alphabet" class="Z3988"> </li> </ol></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Further_reading">Further reading</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Deseret_alphabet&action=edit&section=22" title="Edit section: Further reading">edit</a>]</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239549316">.mw-parser-output .refbegin{margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul{margin-left:0}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul>li{margin-left:0;padding-left:3.2em;text-indent:-3.2em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents ul,.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents ul li{list-style:none}@media(max-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul>li{padding-left:1.6em;text-indent:-1.6em}}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns ul{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .refbegin{font-size:90%}}</style><div class="refbegin" style=""> <ul><li>Bigler, David. 1998. Forgotten kingdom: the Mormon theocracy in the American West, 1847–1896. Spokane: Arthur Clark</li> <li>Ivins, Stanley S. 1947. The Deseret Alphabet. Utah Humanities Review 1:223–239.</li> <li>Lynott, Patricia A. 1999. "Communicating Insularity: The Deseret Alphabet of Nineteenth-Century Mormon Education." American Educational History Journal 26 (1):20–26.</li> <li>McMurrin, Sterling M. 2000. The Theological Foundations of the Mormon Religion, Signature Books, Salt Lake City, <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-56085-135-6" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-56085-135-6">978-1-56085-135-6</a></li> <li>Thompson, Roger. 1982. "Language planning in frontier America: The case of the Deseret Alphabet". Language Problems and Language Planning 6:45–62.</li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWatt1994" class="citation cs2">Watt, Ronald G. (1994), <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240321165638/https://www.uen.org/utah_history_encyclopedia/d/DESERET_ALPHABET.shtml">"The Deseret Alphabet"</a>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.uen.org/utah_history_encyclopedia/">Utah History Encyclopedia</a>, University of Utah Press, <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780874804256" title="Special:BookSources/9780874804256"><bdi>9780874804256</bdi></a>, archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.uen.org/utah_history_encyclopedia/d/DESERET_ALPHABET.shtml">the original</a> on 21 March 2024, retrieved 16 April 2024</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=The+Deseret+Alphabet&rft.btitle=Utah+History+Encyclopedia&rft.pub=University+of+Utah+Press&rft.date=1994&rft.isbn=9780874804256&rft.aulast=Watt&rft.aufirst=Ronald+G.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.uen.org%2Futah_history_encyclopedia%2Fd%2FDESERET_ALPHABET.shtml&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADeseret+alphabet" class="Z3988"></li> <li>Wintersteen, Larry Ray. 1970. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.lib.byu.edu/byu/record/sa.etd-6219?holding=pmpr99qht2qo6o1m">A History of the Deseret Alphabet</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220125014232/https://search.lib.byu.edu/byu/record/sa.etd-6219?holding=pmpr99qht2qo6o1m">Archived</a> 25 January 2022 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>. MA thesis, Brigham Young University.</li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation cs2">Young, Brigham (8 October 1868), <a class="external text" href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/Journal_of_Discourses/Volume_12/Southern_Missions%2C_etc.">"Southern Missions—Deseret Alphabet—Relief Societies—Home Manufactures"</a>, Journal of Discourses Volume 12 By President Brigham Young, his two Counsellors, and the Twelve Apostles, vol. 12, Liverpool: Albert Carrington, pp. 297–301, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110831113058/http://en.wikisource.org/wiki/Journal_of_Discourses/Volume_12/Southern_Missions%2C_etc.">archived</a> from the original on 31 August 2011, retrieved 20 February 2008</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Southern+Missions%E2%80%94Deseret+Alphabet%E2%80%94Relief+Societies%E2%80%94Home+Manufactures&rft.btitle=Journal+of+Discourses+Volume+12+By+President+Brigham+Young%2C+his+two+Counsellors%2C+and+the+Twelve+Apostles&rft.place=Liverpool&rft.pages=297-301&rft.pub=Albert+Carrington&rft.date=1868-10-08&rft.aulast=Young&rft.aufirst=Brigham&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fen.wikisource.org%2Fwiki%2FJournal_of_Discourses%2FVolume_12%2FSouthern_Missions%252C_etc.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADeseret+alphabet" class="Z3988">.</li></ul> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Deseret_alphabet&action=edit&section=23" title="Edit section: External links">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1235681985"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1237033735">@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox{display:none!important}}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}</style><div class="side-box side-box-right plainlinks sistersitebox"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-image"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/30px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="30" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/45px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/59px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist">Wikimedia Commons has media related to <a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Deseret_alphabet" class="extiw" title="commons:Category:Deseret alphabet">Deseret alphabet</a>.</div></div> </div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://blog.nyhistory.org/mormon-alphabet-experiment/">The Mormon Alphabet Experiment | "From the Stacks" at New-York Historical Society</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.deseretalphabet.org/">M. Scott Reynolds' Deseret alphabet portal</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://copper.chem.ucla.edu/~jericks/index.html">Joshua Erickson's Deseret alphabet pages</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.omniglot.com/writing/deseret.htm">The Deseret Alphabet at Omniglot</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://2deseret.com/">Deseret Alphabet Translator</a> — <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20171220003725/http://2deseret.com/">Archived</a> 20 December 2017 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>. Converts standard orthography to Deseret alphabet and vice versa</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://zaphod.neocities.org/deseretipa.html">Deseret to IPA converter</a> — Converts Deseret input to the International Phonetic Alphabet</li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul 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writing">History of writing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Grapheme" title="Grapheme">Grapheme</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:10em">Lists</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_writing_systems" title="List of writing systems">Writing systems</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Undeciphered_writing_systems" title="Undeciphered writing systems">undeciphered</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_creators_of_writing_systems" title="List of creators of writing systems">inventors</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_constructed_scripts" title="List of constructed scripts">constructed</a></li></ul></li> <li>Languages by writing system / <a href="/wiki/List_of_languages_by_first_written_accounts" class="mw-redirect" title="List of languages by first written accounts">by first written accounts</a></li></ul> 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href="/wiki/Abjad" title="Abjad">Abjads</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Abjad_numerals" title="Abjad numerals">Numerals</a></li></ul> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Aramaic_alphabet" title="Aramaic alphabet">Aramaic</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Hatran_alphabet" class="mw-redirect" title="Hatran alphabet">Hatran</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arabic_script" title="Arabic script">Arabic</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Elifba_alphabet" title="Elifba alphabet">Elifba</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Egyptian_hieroglyphs" title="Egyptian hieroglyphs">Egyptian hieroglyphs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elymaic" title="Elymaic">Elymaic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hebrew_alphabet" title="Hebrew alphabet">Hebrew</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ktav_Ashuri" title="Ktav Ashuri">Ashuri</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cursive_Hebrew" title="Cursive Hebrew">Cursive</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rashi_script" title="Rashi script">Rashi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Solitreo" title="Solitreo">Solitreo</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tifinagh" title="Tifinagh">Tifinagh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mandaic_alphabet" title="Mandaic alphabet">Mandaic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Manichaean_script" title="Manichaean script">Manichaean</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nabataean_script" title="Nabataean script">Nabataean</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ancient_North_Arabian" title="Ancient North Arabian">Ancient North Arabian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pahlavi_scripts" title="Pahlavi scripts">Pahlavi</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Book_Pahlavi" class="mw-redirect" title="Book Pahlavi">Book</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Inscriptional_Pahlavi" title="Inscriptional Pahlavi">Inscriptional</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Inscriptional_Parthian" title="Inscriptional Parthian">Inscriptional Parthian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Psalter_Pahlavi" title="Psalter Pahlavi">Psalter</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pegon_script" title="Pegon script">Pegon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Phoenician_alphabet" title="Phoenician alphabet">Phoenician</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Paleo-Hebrew_alphabet" title="Paleo-Hebrew alphabet">Paleo-Hebrew</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pitman_shorthand" title="Pitman shorthand">Pitman shorthand</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Proto-Sinaitic_script" title="Proto-Sinaitic script">Proto-Sinaitic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Punic_alphabet" class="mw-redirect" title="Punic alphabet">Punic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Samaritan_script" title="Samaritan script">Samaritan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ancient_South_Arabian_script" title="Ancient South Arabian script">South Arabian</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ancient_South_Arabian_script#Zabur_script" title="Ancient South Arabian script">Zabur</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ancient_South_Arabian_script#Musnad" title="Ancient South Arabian script">Musnad</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sogdian_alphabet" title="Sogdian alphabet">Sogdian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Syriac_alphabet" title="Syriac alphabet">Syriac</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Syriac_alphabet#Classical_ʾEsṭrangēlā" title="Syriac alphabet">ʾEsṭrangēlā</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Syriac_alphabet#West_Syriac_Serṭā" title="Syriac alphabet">Serṭā</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Syriac_alphabet#East_Syriac_Maḏnḥāyā" title="Syriac alphabet">Maḏnḥāyā</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Teeline_Shorthand" class="mw-redirect" title="Teeline Shorthand">Teeline Shorthand</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ugaritic_alphabet" title="Ugaritic alphabet">Ugaritic</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Abugidas" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Abugida" title="Abugida">Abugidas</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:5em"><a href="/wiki/Brahmic_scripts" title="Brahmic scripts">Brahmic</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:5em">Northern</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bengali%E2%80%93Assamese_script" title="Bengali–Assamese script">Bengali–Assamese</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bhaiksuki_script" title="Bhaiksuki script">Bhaiksuki</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brahmi_script" title="Brahmi script">Brahmi script</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Devanagari" title="Devanagari">Devanagari</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dogri_script" title="Dogri script">Dogri</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gujarati_script" title="Gujarati script">Gujarati</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gupta_script" title="Gupta script">Gupta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gurmukhi" title="Gurmukhi">Gurmukhi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kaithi" title="Kaithi">Kaithi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kalinga_script" title="Kalinga script">Kalinga</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Khema_script" title="Khema script">Khema</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Khojki_script" title="Khojki script">Khojki</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Khudabadi_script" title="Khudabadi script">Khudabadi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/La%E1%B9%87%E1%B8%8D%C4%81_scripts" title="Laṇḍā scripts">Laṇḍā</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lepcha_script" title="Lepcha script">Lepcha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mahajani" title="Mahajani">Mahajani</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marchen_script" title="Marchen script">Marchen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Meitei_script" title="Meitei script">Meitei</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Modi_script" title="Modi script">Modi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Multani_script" title="Multani script">Multani</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/N%C4%81gar%C4%AB_script" title="Nāgarī script">Nagari</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nandinagari" title="Nandinagari">Nandinagari</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nepalese_scripts" title="Nepalese scripts">Nepalese scripts</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bhujimol_script" title="Bhujimol script">Bhujimol</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Golmol_script&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Golmol script (page does not exist)">Golmol</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Himmol_script&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Himmol script (page does not exist)">Himmol</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kummol_script&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kummol script (page does not exist)">Kummol</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kvemmol_script&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kvemmol script (page does not exist)">Kvemmol</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pachumol_script&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Pachumol script (page does not exist)">Pachumol</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pracalit_script" title="Pracalit script">Pracalit</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ranjana_script" title="Ranjana script">Ranjana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tamyig_script" class="mw-redirect" title="Tamyig script">Tamyig</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tirhuta_script" title="Tirhuta script">Tirhuta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Limbu_script" title="Limbu script">Limbu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nepalese_scripts" title="Nepalese scripts">Litumol</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Odia_script" title="Odia script">Odia</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Karani_script" title="Karani script">Karani</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%CA%BCPhags-pa_script" title="ʼPhags-pa script">ʼPhags-pa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sharada_script" title="Sharada script">Sharada</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Siddha%E1%B9%83_script" title="Siddhaṃ script">Siddhaṃ</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Soyombo_script" title="Soyombo script">Soyombo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sylheti_Nagri" title="Sylheti Nagri">Sylheti Nagri</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Takri_script" title="Takri script">Takri</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tibetan_script" title="Tibetan script">Tibetan</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Uchen_script" title="Uchen script">Uchen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Um%C3%AA_script" title="Umê script">Umê</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tocharian_script" title="Tocharian script">Tocharian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zanabazar_square_script" title="Zanabazar square script">Zanabazar square</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:5em">Southern</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ahom_script" title="Ahom script">Ahom</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Balinese_script" title="Balinese script">Balinese</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Batak_script" title="Batak script">Batak</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Baybayin" title="Baybayin">Baybayin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bhattiprolu_script" title="Bhattiprolu script">Bhattiprolu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Buda_script" title="Buda script">Buda</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Buhid_script" title="Buhid script">Buhid</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chakma_script" title="Chakma script">Chakma</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cham_script" title="Cham script">Cham</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fakkham_script" title="Fakkham script">Fakkham</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Grantha_script" title="Grantha script">Grantha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Goykanadi" title="Goykanadi">Goykanadi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hanunoo_script" title="Hanunoo script">Hanunoo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Javanese_script" title="Javanese script">Javanese</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kadamba_script" title="Kadamba script">Kadamba</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kannada_script" title="Kannada script">Kannada</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/S%27gaw_Karen_alphabet" title="S'gaw Karen alphabet">Karen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kawi_script" title="Kawi script">Kawi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Khmer_script" title="Khmer script">Khmer</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Khom_Thai_script" title="Khom Thai script">Khom Thai</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kulitan" title="Kulitan">Kulitan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tai_Tham_script" title="Tai Tham script">Lanna</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Langdi" title="Langdi">Langdi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lao_script" title="Lao script">Lao</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Leke_script" title="Leke script">Leke</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lontara_script" title="Lontara script">Lontara</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Lontara_Bilang-bilang_script" title="Lontara Bilang-bilang script">Bilang-bilang</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Makasar_script" title="Makasar script">Makasar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Malayalam_script" title="Malayalam script">Malayalam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maldivian_writing_systems" title="Maldivian writing systems">Old Maldivian</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Dhives_Akuru" title="Dhives Akuru">Dhives Akuru</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eveyla_Akuru" class="mw-redirect" title="Eveyla Akuru">Eveyla Akuru</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mon%E2%80%93Burmese_script" title="Mon–Burmese script">Mon–Burmese</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pallava_script" title="Pallava script">Pallava</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pyu_script" title="Pyu script">Pyu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saurashtra_script" title="Saurashtra script">Saurashtra</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shan_alphabet" title="Shan alphabet">Shan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sinhala_script" title="Sinhala script">Sinhala</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sukhothai_script" title="Sukhothai script">Sukhothai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sundanese_script" title="Sundanese script">Sundanese</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Old_Sundanese_script" title="Old Sundanese script">Old Sundanese</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tagbanwa_script" title="Tagbanwa script">Tagbanwa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tai_Le_script" title="Tai Le script">Tai Le</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_Tai_Lue_alphabet" title="New Tai Lue alphabet">New Tai Lue</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tai_Noi_script" title="Tai Noi script">Tai Noi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tai_Tham_script" title="Tai Tham script">Tai Tham</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tai_Viet_script" title="Tai Viet script">Tai Viet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lai_Tay_script" title="Lai Tay script">Lai Tay</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tamil_script" title="Tamil script">Tamil</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tamil-Brahmi" title="Tamil-Brahmi">Tamil-Brahmi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tanchangya_script" title="Tanchangya script">Tanchangya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Telugu_script" title="Telugu script">Telugu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thai_script" title="Thai script">Thai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tigalari_script" title="Tigalari script">Tigalari</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ulu_scripts" title="Ulu scripts">Ulu scripts</a> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Incung_script&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Incung script (page does not exist)">Incung</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lampung_script" class="mw-redirect" title="Lampung script">Lampung</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Lembak_script&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Lembak script (page does not exist)">Lembak</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ogan_script&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ogan script (page does not exist)">Ogan</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pasemah_script&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Pasemah script (page does not exist)">Pasemah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rejang_script" class="mw-redirect" title="Rejang script">Rejang</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Serawai_script&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Serawai script (page does not exist)">Serawai</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vatteluttu" title="Vatteluttu">Vatteluttu</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kolezhuthu" class="mw-redirect" title="Kolezhuthu">Kolezhuthu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Malayanma" title="Malayanma">Malayanma</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:5em">Others</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bharati_script" title="Bharati script">Bharati</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Boyd%27s_syllabic_shorthand" title="Boyd's syllabic shorthand">Boyd's syllabic shorthand</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Canadian_Aboriginal_syllabics" title="Canadian Aboriginal syllabics">Canadian syllabics</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Blackfoot_language#Writing_system" title="Blackfoot language">Blackfoot</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Carrier_syllabics" title="Carrier syllabics">Déné syllabics</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dham_script" title="Dham script">Dham</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fox_language#Writing_systems" title="Fox language">Fox I</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ge%CA%BDez_script" title="Geʽez script">Geʽez</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gunjala_Gondi_script" title="Gunjala Gondi script">Gunjala Gondi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Japanese_Braille" title="Japanese Braille">Japanese Braille</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sarati" title="Sarati">Sarati</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sunwar_language#Writing_Systems" title="Sunwar language">Jenticha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kharosthi" title="Kharosthi">Kharosthi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mandombe_script" title="Mandombe script">Mandombe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gondi_writing" title="Gondi writing">Masaram Gondi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Meroitic_script" title="Meroitic script">Meroitic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pollard_script" title="Pollard script">Miao</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mwangwego_script" title="Mwangwego script">Mwangwego</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pahawh_Hmong" title="Pahawh Hmong">Pahawh Hmong</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sorang_Sompeng_script" title="Sorang Sompeng script">Sorang Sompeng</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tengwar" title="Tengwar">Tengwar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thaana" title="Thaana">Thaana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thomas_Natural_Shorthand" title="Thomas Natural Shorthand">Thomas Natural Shorthand</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Warang_Citi" title="Warang Citi">Warang Citi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mwangwego_script" title="Mwangwego script">Mwangwego</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Qiang_language" title="Qiang language">Rma</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Alphabets" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Alphabet" title="Alphabet">Alphabets</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:10em">Linear</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Adlam_script" title="Adlam script">Adlam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ariyaka_script" title="Ariyaka script">Ariyaka</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Armenian_alphabet" title="Armenian alphabet">Armenian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Avestan_alphabet" title="Avestan alphabet">Avestan</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Pazend" title="Pazend">Pazend</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Avoiuli" title="Avoiuli">Avoiuli</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bassa_Vah_script" class="mw-redirect" title="Bassa Vah script">Bassa Vah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Carian_alphabets" title="Carian alphabets">Carian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Caucasian_Albanian_script" title="Caucasian Albanian script">Caucasian Albanian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cirth" title="Cirth">Cirth</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Coelbren_y_Beirdd" title="Coelbren y Beirdd">Coelbren</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Coorgi%E2%80%93Cox_alphabet" title="Coorgi–Cox alphabet">Coorgi–Cox alphabet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Coptic_alphabet" class="mw-redirect" title="Coptic alphabet">Coptic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cyrillic_script" title="Cyrillic script">Cyrillic</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bosnian_Cyrillic" title="Bosnian Cyrillic">Bosnian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Early_Cyrillic_alphabet" title="Early Cyrillic alphabet">Early</a></li></ul></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Deseret</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Duployan_shorthand" title="Duployan shorthand">Duployan shorthand</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Duployan_shorthand#Chinook_writing" title="Duployan shorthand">Chinook</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eclectic_shorthand" title="Eclectic shorthand">Eclectic shorthand</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elbasan_script" class="mw-redirect" title="Elbasan script">Elbasan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Enochian" title="Enochian">Enochian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Etruscan_alphabet" title="Etruscan alphabet">Etruscan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_Psalmanazar#Pseudo-lexicographer" title="George Psalmanazar">Formosan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fox_language#Writing_systems" title="Fox language">Fox II</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fraser_script" title="Fraser script">Fraser</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gabelsberger_shorthand" title="Gabelsberger shorthand">Gabelsberger shorthand</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gadabuursi_Somali_script" class="mw-redirect" title="Gadabuursi Somali script">Gadabuursi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Garay_alphabet" title="Garay alphabet">Garay alphabet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Georgian_scripts" title="Georgian scripts">Georgian</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Asomtavruli" class="mw-redirect" title="Asomtavruli">Asomtavruli</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nuskhuri" class="mw-redirect" title="Nuskhuri">Nuskhuri</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mkhedruli" class="mw-redirect" title="Mkhedruli">Mkhedruli</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Veso_Bey_alphabet" title="Veso Bey alphabet">Veso Bey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Glagolitic_script" title="Glagolitic script">Glagolitic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gothic_alphabet" title="Gothic alphabet">Gothic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gregg_shorthand" title="Gregg shorthand">Gregg shorthand</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Greek_alphabet" title="Greek alphabet">Greek</a> (<a href="/wiki/Archaic_Greek_alphabets" title="Archaic Greek alphabets">Archaic</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Greco-Iberian_alphabet" title="Greco-Iberian alphabet">Greco-Iberian alphabet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hangul" title="Hangul">Hangul</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hanifi_Rohingya_script" title="Hanifi Rohingya script">Hanifi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sunwar_language#Writing_Systems" title="Sunwar language">Jenticha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kaddare_script" class="mw-redirect" title="Kaddare script">Kaddare</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kayah_Li_alphabet" title="Kayah Li alphabet">Kayah Li</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Klingon_scripts" title="Klingon scripts">Klingon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Latin_script" title="Latin script">Latin</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Beneventan_script" title="Beneventan script">Beneventan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Blackletter" title="Blackletter">Blackletter</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Carolingian_minuscule" title="Carolingian minuscule">Carolingian minuscule</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fraktur" title="Fraktur">Fraktur</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gaelic_type" title="Gaelic type">Gaelic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Insular_script" title="Insular script">Insular</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Interlac" class="mw-redirect" title="Interlac">Interlac</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/International_Phonetic_Alphabet" title="International Phonetic Alphabet">IPA</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kurrent" title="Kurrent">Kurrent</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Merovingian_script" title="Merovingian script">Merovingian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scribal_abbreviation" title="Scribal abbreviation">Sigla</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/S%C3%BCtterlin" title="Sütterlin">Sütterlin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tironian_notes" title="Tironian notes">Tironian notes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Visigothic_script" title="Visigothic script">Visigothic</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Luo_script" title="Luo script">Luo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lycian_alphabet" title="Lycian alphabet">Lycian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lydian_alphabet" title="Lydian alphabet">Lydian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Manchu_alphabet" title="Manchu alphabet">Manchu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Medefaidrin" title="Medefaidrin">Medefaidrin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Molodtsov_alphabet" class="mw-redirect" title="Molodtsov alphabet">Molodtsov</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mru_language#Script" title="Mru language">Mru</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mundari_Bani" title="Mundari Bani">Mundari Bani</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/N%27Ko_script" title="N'Ko script">N'Ko</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ogham" title="Ogham">Ogham</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ol_Chiki_script" title="Ol Chiki script">Ol Chiki</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Old_Hungarian_script" title="Old Hungarian script">Old Hungarian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Old_Italic_scripts" title="Old Italic scripts">Old Italic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Old_Permic_script" title="Old Permic script">Old Permic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Old_Turkic_script" title="Old Turkic script">Orkhon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Old_Uyghur_alphabet" title="Old Uyghur alphabet">Old Uyghur</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Mongolian_script" title="Mongolian script">Mongolian</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Evenki_alphabet" class="mw-redirect" title="Evenki alphabet">Evenki</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Galik_alphabet" title="Galik alphabet">Galik alphabet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Manchu_alphabet" title="Manchu alphabet">Manchu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Clear_Script" title="Clear Script">Oirat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vagindra_script" title="Vagindra script">Vagindra</a></li></ul></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ol_Onal" title="Ol Onal">Ol Onal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Osage_script" title="Osage script">Osage</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Osmanya_script" class="mw-redirect" title="Osmanya script">Osmanya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pau_Cin_Hau_script" title="Pau Cin Hau script">Pau Cin Hau</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Phrygian_alphabet" title="Phrygian alphabet">Phrygian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pisidian_language" title="Pisidian language">Pisidian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Runes" class="mw-redirect" title="Runes">Runic</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Anglo-Saxon_runes" title="Anglo-Saxon runes">Anglo-Saxon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cipher_runes" title="Cipher runes">Cipher</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dalecarlian_runes" title="Dalecarlian runes">Dalecarlian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elder_Futhark" title="Elder Futhark">Elder Futhark</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Younger_Futhark" title="Younger Futhark">Younger Futhark</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gothic_runic_inscriptions" title="Gothic runic inscriptions">Gothic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marcomannic_runes" class="mw-redirect" title="Marcomannic runes">Marcomannic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Medieval_runes" title="Medieval runes">Medieval</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Staveless_runes" title="Staveless runes">Staveless</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shavian_alphabet" title="Shavian alphabet">Shavian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sidetic_language" title="Sidetic language">Sidetic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sorang_Sompeng_script" title="Sorang Sompeng script">Sorang Sompeng</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sunuwar_alphabet" title="Sunuwar alphabet">Sunuwar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tifinagh" title="Tifinagh">Tifinagh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Todhri_script" class="mw-redirect" title="Todhri script">Todhri</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kurukh_language#Writing_systems" title="Kurukh language">Tolong Siki</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vellara_alphabet" title="Vellara alphabet">Vellara</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Visible_Speech" title="Visible Speech">Visible Speech</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vithkuqi_script" class="mw-redirect" title="Vithkuqi script">Vithkuqi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wancho_language#Orthography" title="Wancho language">Wancho</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Warang_Citi" title="Warang Citi">Warang Citi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kurdish_alphabets#Yezidi" title="Kurdish alphabets">Yezidi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zaghawa_script" class="mw-redirect" title="Zaghawa script">Zaghawa</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:10em">Non-linear</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Braille" title="Braille">Braille</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/International_maritime_signal_flags" title="International maritime signal flags">Maritime flags</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Telegraph_code" title="Telegraph code">Telegraph code</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_York_Point" title="New York Point">New York Point</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Flag_semaphore" title="Flag semaphore">Flag semaphore</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Moon_type" title="Moon type">Moon type</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Ideograms" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Ideogram" title="Ideogram">Ideograms</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Adinkra_symbols" title="Adinkra symbols">Adinkra</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aztec_script" title="Aztec script">Aztec</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Blissymbols" title="Blissymbols">Blissymbols</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dongba_symbols" title="Dongba symbols">Dongba</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ersu_Shaba_script" title="Ersu Shaba script">Ersu Shaba</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Emoji" title="Emoji">Emoji</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Isotype_(picture_language)" title="Isotype (picture language)">Isotype</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kaid%C4%81_glyphs" title="Kaidā glyphs">Kaidā</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mi%EA%9E%8Ckmaw_hieroglyphic_writing" class="mw-redirect" title="Miꞌkmaw hieroglyphic writing">Miꞌkmaw</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mixtec_writing" title="Mixtec writing">Mixtec</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_Epoch_Notation_Painting" class="mw-redirect" title="New Epoch Notation Painting">New Epoch Notation Painting</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nsibidi" title="Nsibidi">Nsibidi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ojibwe_writing_systems#Ojibwe_"hieroglyphs"" title="Ojibwe writing systems">Ojibwe Hieroglyphs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Olmec_hieroglyphs" title="Olmec hieroglyphs">Olmec</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Siglas_poveiras" title="Siglas poveiras">Siglas poveiras</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Testerian" title="Testerian">Testerian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yerkish" title="Yerkish">Yerkish</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zapotec_script" title="Zapotec script">Zapotec</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Logograms" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Logogram" title="Logogram">Logograms</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:10em"><a href="/wiki/Chinese_family_of_scripts" title="Chinese family of scripts">Chinese family of scripts</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:10em"><a href="/wiki/Chinese_characters" title="Chinese characters">Chinese characters</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Simplified_Chinese_characters" title="Simplified Chinese characters">Simplified</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Traditional_Chinese_characters" title="Traditional Chinese characters">Traditional</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oracle_bone_script" title="Oracle bone script">Oracle bone script</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chinese_bronze_inscriptions" title="Chinese bronze inscriptions">Bronze scripts</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Seal_script" title="Seal script">Seal script</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Large_seal_script" title="Large seal script">large</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Small_seal_script" title="Small seal script">small</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bird-worm_seal_script" title="Bird-worm seal script">bird-worm</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hanja" title="Hanja">Hanja</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kanji" title="Kanji">Kanji</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ch%E1%BB%AF_N%C3%B4m" title="Chữ Nôm">Chữ Nôm</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sawndip" title="Sawndip">Sawndip</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bowen_script" class="mw-redirect" title="Bowen script">Bowen</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:10em">Chinese-influenced</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Jurchen_script" title="Jurchen script">Jurchen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Khitan_large_script" title="Khitan large script">Khitan large script</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sui_script" title="Sui script">Sui</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tangut_script" title="Tangut script">Tangut</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:10em"><a href="/wiki/Cuneiform" title="Cuneiform">Cuneiform</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Akkadian_cuneiform" class="mw-redirect" title="Akkadian cuneiform">Akkadian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Assyrian_cuneiform" class="mw-redirect" title="Assyrian cuneiform">Assyrian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elamite_cuneiform" title="Elamite cuneiform">Elamite</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hittite_cuneiform" title="Hittite cuneiform">Hittite</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cuneiform_Luwian" class="mw-redirect" title="Cuneiform Luwian">Luwian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cuneiform" title="Cuneiform">Sumerian</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:10em">Other logosyllabic</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Anatolian_hieroglyphs" title="Anatolian hieroglyphs">Anatolian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bagam_script" title="Bagam script">Bagam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cretan_hieroglyphs" title="Cretan hieroglyphs">Cretan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Isthmian_script" title="Isthmian script">Isthmian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maya_script" title="Maya script">Maya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Proto-Elamite_script" title="Proto-Elamite script">Proto-Elamite</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tenevil" title="Tenevil">Tenevil</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yi_script#Classical_Yi" title="Yi script">Yi (Classical)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:10em">Logoconsonantal</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Demotic_(Egyptian)" title="Demotic (Egyptian)">Demotic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hieratic" title="Hieratic">Hieratic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Egyptian_hieroglyphs" title="Egyptian hieroglyphs">Hieroglyphs</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:10em">Numerals</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Hindu%E2%80%93Arabic_numeral_system" title="Hindu–Arabic numeral system">Hindu-Arabic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abjad_numerals" title="Abjad numerals">Abjad</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Attic_numerals" title="Attic numerals">Attic (Greek)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Muisca_numerals" title="Muisca numerals">Muisca</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roman_numerals" title="Roman numerals">Roman</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:10em">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Sitelen_Pona" title="Sitelen Pona">Sitelen Pona</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Semi-syllabaries" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Semi-syllabaries" class="mw-redirect" title="Semi-syllabaries">Semi-syllabaries</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:10em">Full</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Linear_Elamite" title="Linear Elamite">Linear Elamite</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Celtiberian_script" title="Celtiberian script">Celtiberian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Northeastern_Iberian_script" title="Northeastern Iberian script">Northeastern Iberian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Southeastern_Iberian_script" title="Southeastern Iberian script">Southeastern Iberian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Khom_script_(Ong_Kommadam)" title="Khom script (Ong Kommadam)">Khom</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dunging_script" title="Dunging script">Dunging</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:10em">Redundant</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Espanca_script" title="Espanca script">Espanca script</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pahawh_Hmong" title="Pahawh Hmong">Pahawh Hmong</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Khitan_small_script" title="Khitan small script">Khitan small script</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Southwest_Paleohispanic_script" title="Southwest Paleohispanic script">Southwest Paleohispanic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bopomofo" title="Bopomofo">Bopomofo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_writing_in_Vietnam#Quốc_Âm_Tân_Tự" title="History of writing in Vietnam">Quốc Âm Tân Tự</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Sign_languages" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Sign_language" title="Sign language">Sign languages</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/ASLwrite" title="ASLwrite">ASLwrite</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/SignWriting" title="SignWriting">SignWriting</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Si5s" title="Si5s">si5s</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stokoe_notation" title="Stokoe notation">Stokoe notation</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Syllabaries" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Syllabary" title="Syllabary">Syllabaries</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Afaka_syllabary" title="Afaka syllabary">Afaka</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bamum_script" title="Bamum script">Bamum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/B%C3%A9t%C3%A9_syllabary" title="Bété syllabary">Bété</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Byblos_syllabary" title="Byblos syllabary">Byblos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Canadian_Aboriginal_syllabics" title="Canadian Aboriginal syllabics">Canadian Aboriginal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cherokee_syllabary" title="Cherokee syllabary">Cherokee</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cypriot_syllabary" title="Cypriot syllabary">Cypriot</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cypro-Minoan_syllabary" title="Cypro-Minoan syllabary">Cypro-Minoan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ditema_tsa_Dinoko" title="Ditema tsa Dinoko">Ditema tsa Dinoko</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eskayan_script" title="Eskayan script">Eskayan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Geba_syllabary" title="Geba syllabary">Geba</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Great_Lakes_Algonquian_syllabics" title="Great Lakes Algonquian syllabics">Great Lakes Algonquian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iban_language#Alphabet" title="Iban language">Iban</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Idu_script" title="Idu script">Idu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kana" title="Kana">Kana</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Hiragana" title="Hiragana">Hiragana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Katakana" title="Katakana">Katakana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Man%27y%C5%8Dgana" title="Man'yōgana">Man'yōgana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hentaigana" title="Hentaigana">Hentaigana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/S%C5%8Dgana" title="Sōgana">Sōgana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jindai_moji" title="Jindai moji">Jindai moji</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mende_Kikakui_script" title="Mende Kikakui script">Kikakui</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kpelle_syllabary" title="Kpelle syllabary">Kpelle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Linear_B" title="Linear B">Linear B</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Linear_Elamite" title="Linear Elamite">Linear Elamite</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lisu_language#Lisu_syllabary" title="Lisu language">Lisu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Loma_language#writing_systems" title="Loma language">Loma</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/N%C3%BCshu" title="Nüshu">Nüshu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nwagu_Aneke_script" title="Nwagu Aneke script">Nwagu Aneke script</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Old_Persian_cuneiform" title="Old Persian cuneiform">Old Persian cuneiform</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cuneiform" title="Cuneiform">Sumerian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vai_syllabary" title="Vai syllabary">Vai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Woleai_script" title="Woleai script">Woleai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yi_script#Modern_Yi" title="Yi script">Yi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yugtun_script" title="Yugtun script">Yugtun</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Braille" title="Template:Braille"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Braille" title="Template talk:Braille"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Braille" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Braille"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Braille_⠃⠗⠁⠊⠇⠇⠑" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Braille" title="Braille">Braille</a> ⠃⠗⠁⠊⠇⠇⠑</div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Braille cell</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/1829_braille" title="1829 braille">1829 braille</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/International_uniformity_of_braille_alphabets" title="International uniformity of braille alphabets">International uniformity</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Braille_ASCII" title="Braille ASCII">ASCII braille</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Braille_Patterns" title="Braille Patterns">Unicode braille patterns</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Braille scripts</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Category:French-ordered_braille_alphabets" title="Category:French-ordered braille alphabets">French-ordered</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Albanian_Braille" title="Albanian Braille">Albanian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Azeri_Braille" class="mw-redirect" title="Azeri Braille">Azerbaijani</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cantonese_Braille" title="Cantonese Braille">Cantonese</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Catalan_Braille" title="Catalan Braille">Catalan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mainland_Chinese_Braille" title="Mainland Chinese Braille">Chinese (mainland Mandarin)</a> (largely reassigned)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Czech_Braille" title="Czech Braille">Czech</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dutch_Braille" title="Dutch Braille">Dutch</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/English_Braille" title="English Braille">English</a> (<a href="/wiki/Unified_English_Braille" title="Unified English Braille">Unified English</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Esperanto_Braille" title="Esperanto Braille">Esperanto</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/French_Braille" title="French Braille">French</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/German_Braille" title="German Braille">German</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ghanaian_braille" title="Ghanaian braille">Ghanaian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Guarani_Braille" title="Guarani Braille">Guarani</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hawaiian_Braille" title="Hawaiian Braille">Hawaiian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hungarian_Braille" title="Hungarian Braille">Hungarian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/I%C3%B1upiaq_Braille" title="Iñupiaq Braille">Iñupiaq</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/IPA_Braille" title="IPA Braille">IPA</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Irish_Braille" title="Irish Braille">Irish</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Italian_Braille" title="Italian Braille">Italian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Latvian_Braille" title="Latvian Braille">Latvian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lithuanian_Braille" title="Lithuanian Braille">Lithuanian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Luxembourgish_Braille" title="Luxembourgish Braille">Luxembourgish</a> (extended to 8-dot)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maltese_Braille" title="Maltese Braille">Maltese</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/M%C4%81ori_Braille" title="Māori Braille">Māori</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Navajo_Braille" title="Navajo Braille">Navajo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nigerian_braille" title="Nigerian braille">Nigerian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Philippine_Braille" title="Philippine Braille">Philippine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Polish_Braille" title="Polish Braille">Polish</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Portuguese_Braille" title="Portuguese Braille">Portuguese</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Romanian_Braille" title="Romanian Braille">Romanian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Samoan_Braille" title="Samoan Braille">Samoan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Slovak_Braille" title="Slovak Braille">Slovak</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/South_African_braille" title="South African braille">South African</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spanish_Braille" title="Spanish Braille">Spanish</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Taiwanese_Braille" title="Taiwanese Braille">Taiwanese Mandarin</a> (largely reassigned)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Turkish_Braille" title="Turkish Braille">Turkish</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vietnamese_Braille" title="Vietnamese Braille">Vietnamese</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Welsh_Braille" title="Welsh Braille">Welsh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yugoslav_Braille" title="Yugoslav Braille">Yugoslav</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zambian_Braille" title="Zambian Braille">Zambian</a></li></ul> </div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Nordic family</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Estonian_Braille" title="Estonian Braille">Estonian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Faroese_Braille" title="Faroese Braille">Faroese</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Icelandic_Braille" title="Icelandic Braille">Icelandic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scandinavian_Braille" title="Scandinavian Braille">Scandinavian</a> <ul><li>Danish</li> <li>Finnish</li> <li>Greenlandic</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Northern_S%C3%A1mi_Braille" title="Northern Sámi Braille">Northern Sámi</a></li> <li>Norwegian</li> <li>Swedish</li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Russian lineage family i.e. <a href="/wiki/Cyrillic_alphabets" title="Cyrillic alphabets">Cyrillic</a>-mediated scripts</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Belarusian_Braille" title="Belarusian Braille">Belarusian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bulgarian_Braille" title="Bulgarian Braille">Bulgarian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kazakh_Braille" title="Kazakh Braille">Kazakh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kyrgyz_Braille" title="Kyrgyz Braille">Kyrgyz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mongolian_Braille" title="Mongolian Braille">Mongolian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Russian_Braille" title="Russian Braille">Russian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tatar_Braille" title="Tatar Braille">Tatar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ukrainian_Braille" title="Ukrainian Braille">Ukrainian</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Egyptian lineage family i.e. <a href="/wiki/Arabic_script" title="Arabic script">Arabic</a>-mediated scripts</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Arabic_Braille" title="Arabic Braille">Arabic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Persian_Braille" title="Persian Braille">Persian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Urdu_Braille" title="Urdu Braille">Urdu</a> (Pakistan)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Indian lineage family i.e. <a href="/wiki/Bharati_Braille" title="Bharati Braille">Bharati Braille</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Devanagari_Braille" title="Devanagari Braille">Devanagari (Hindi / Marathi / Nepali)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bengali_Braille" title="Bengali Braille">Bengali (Bangla / Assamese)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gujarati_Braille" title="Gujarati Braille">Gujarati</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kannada_Braille" title="Kannada Braille">Kannada</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Malayalam_Braille" title="Malayalam Braille">Malayalam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Odia_Braille" title="Odia Braille">Odia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Punjabi_Braille" title="Punjabi Braille">Punjabi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sinhala_Braille" title="Sinhala Braille">Sinhala</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tamil_Braille" title="Tamil Braille">Tamil</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Telugu_Braille" title="Telugu Braille">Telugu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Urdu_Braille" title="Urdu Braille">Urdu</a> (India)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other scripts</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ge%27ez_Braille" class="mw-redirect" title="Ge'ez Braille">Amharic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Armenian_Braille" title="Armenian Braille">Armenian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Burmese_Braille" title="Burmese Braille">Burmese</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dzongkha_Braille" title="Dzongkha Braille">Dzongkha</a> (Bhutanese)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Georgian_Braille" title="Georgian Braille">Georgian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Greek_Braille" title="Greek Braille">Greek</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hebrew_Braille" title="Hebrew Braille">Hebrew</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Inuktitut_Braille" title="Inuktitut Braille">Inuktitut</a> (reassigned vowels)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Khmer_Braille" title="Khmer Braille">Khmer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thai_and_Lao_Braille" title="Thai and Lao Braille">Thai and Lao</a> (Japanese vowels)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tibetan_Braille" title="Tibetan Braille">Tibetan</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Reordered</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Algerian_Braille" title="Algerian Braille">Algerian Braille</a> (obsolete)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Frequency-based</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/American_Braille" title="American Braille">American Braille</a> (obsolete)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Independent</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>Chinese semi-syllabaries <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cantonese_Braille" title="Cantonese Braille">Cantonese</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mainland_Chinese_Braille" title="Mainland Chinese Braille">Mainland Chinese Mandarin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Taiwanese_Braille" title="Taiwanese Braille">Taiwanese Mandarin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Two-cell_Chinese_Braille" title="Two-cell Chinese Braille">Two-cell Chinese (Shuangpin)</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Japanese_Braille" title="Japanese Braille">Japanese</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Korean_Braille" title="Korean Braille">Korean</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Eight-dot</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Luxembourgish_Braille" title="Luxembourgish Braille">Luxembourgish</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Braille_kanji" title="Braille kanji">Kanji</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gardner%E2%80%93Salinas_braille_codes" title="Gardner–Salinas braille codes">Gardner–Salinas braille codes</a> (GS8)</li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Symbols in braille</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Braille_music" title="Braille music">Braille music</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Canadian_currency_tactile_feature" title="Canadian currency tactile feature">Canadian currency marks</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Computer_Braille_Code" title="Computer Braille Code">Computer Braille Code</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gardner%E2%80%93Salinas_braille_codes" title="Gardner–Salinas braille codes">Gardner–Salinas braille codes</a> (science; GS8/GS6)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/IPA_Braille" title="IPA Braille">International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nemeth_Braille" title="Nemeth Braille">Nemeth braille code</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Braille_technology" title="Braille technology">Braille technology</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Braille_e-book" title="Braille e-book">Braille e-book</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Braille_embosser" title="Braille embosser">Braille embosser</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Braille_translator" title="Braille translator">Braille translator</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Braille_watch" title="Braille watch">Braille watch</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mountbatten_Brailler" title="Mountbatten Brailler">Mountbatten Brailler</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Optical_braille_recognition" title="Optical braille recognition">Optical braille recognition</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Perforation" title="Perforation">Perforation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Perkins_Brailler" title="Perkins Brailler">Perkins Brailler</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Refreshable_braille_display" title="Refreshable braille display">Refreshable braille display</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Slate_and_stylus" title="Slate and stylus">Slate and stylus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Braigo" title="Braigo">Braigo</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">People</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Louis_Braille" title="Louis Braille">Louis Braille</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_Barbier" title="Charles Barbier">Charles Barbier</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/R%C3%B3%C5%BCa_Czacka" title="Róża Czacka">Róża Czacka</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Valentin_Ha%C3%BCy" title="Valentin Haüy">Valentin Haüy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Harris_Mowbray" title="Harris Mowbray">Harris Mowbray</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thakur_Vishva_Narain_Singh" title="Thakur Vishva Narain Singh">Thakur Vishva Narain Singh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sabriye_Tenberken" title="Sabriye Tenberken">Sabriye Tenberken</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Bell_Wait" title="William Bell Wait">William Bell Wait</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Organisations</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Braille_Institute_of_America" title="Braille Institute of America">Braille Institute of America</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Braille_Without_Borders" title="Braille Without Borders">Braille Without Borders</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Japan_Braille_Library" title="Japan Braille Library">Japan Braille Library</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Braille_Association" title="National Braille Association">National Braille Association</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Blindness_organizations" title="Category:Blindness organizations">Blindness organizations</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Schools_for_the_blind" title="Category:Schools for the blind">Schools for the blind</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/American_Printing_House_for_the_Blind" title="American Printing House for the Blind">American Printing House for the Blind</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other <a href="/wiki/Tactile_alphabet" title="Tactile alphabet">tactile alphabets</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Decapoint" title="Decapoint">Decapoint</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Moon_type" title="Moon type">Moon type</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_York_Point" title="New York Point">New York Point</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Night_writing" title="Night writing">Night writing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vibratese" title="Vibratese">Vibratese</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Related topics</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Accessible_publishing" title="Accessible publishing">Accessible publishing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Braille_literacy" title="Braille literacy">Braille literacy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/RoboBraille" title="RoboBraille">RoboBraille</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Retrieved from "<a dir="ltr" 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