CINXE.COM

<!DOCTYPE html> <html class="client-nojs vector-feature-language-in-header-enabled vector-feature-language-in-main-page-header-disabled vector-feature-sticky-header-disabled vector-feature-page-tools-pinned-disabled vector-feature-toc-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-main-menu-pinned-disabled vector-feature-limited-width-clientpref-1 vector-feature-limited-width-content-enabled vector-feature-custom-font-size-clientpref-1 vector-feature-appearance-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-night-mode-enabled skin-theme-clientpref-day vector-toc-available" lang="en" dir="ltr"> <head> <meta charset="UTF-8"> <title>Sketchpad - Wikipedia</title> <script>(function(){var className="client-js vector-feature-language-in-header-enabled vector-feature-language-in-main-page-header-disabled vector-feature-sticky-header-disabled vector-feature-page-tools-pinned-disabled vector-feature-toc-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-main-menu-pinned-disabled vector-feature-limited-width-clientpref-1 vector-feature-limited-width-content-enabled vector-feature-custom-font-size-clientpref-1 vector-feature-appearance-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-night-mode-enabled skin-theme-clientpref-day vector-toc-available";var cookie=document.cookie.match(/(?:^|; )enwikimwclientpreferences=([^;]+)/);if(cookie){cookie[1].split('%2C').forEach(function(pref){className=className.replace(new RegExp('(^| )'+pref.replace(/-clientpref-\w+$|[^\w-]+/g,'')+'-clientpref-\\w+( |$)'),'$1'+pref+'$2');});}document.documentElement.className=className;}());RLCONF={"wgBreakFrames":false,"wgSeparatorTransformTable":["",""],"wgDigitTransformTable":["",""],"wgDefaultDateFormat":"dmy", "wgMonthNames":["","January","February","March","April","May","June","July","August","September","October","November","December"],"wgRequestId":"cfac4e9e-4e9b-4fe0-b0e5-7634ceb1b39c","wgCanonicalNamespace":"","wgCanonicalSpecialPageName":false,"wgNamespaceNumber":0,"wgPageName":"Sketchpad","wgTitle":"Sketchpad","wgCurRevisionId":1259647440,"wgRevisionId":1259647440,"wgArticleId":78126,"wgIsArticle":true,"wgIsRedirect":false,"wgAction":"view","wgUserName":null,"wgUserGroups":["*"],"wgCategories":["Articles with short description","Short description matches Wikidata","CS1 maint: unfit URL","1963 software","Computer graphics","Graphical user interfaces","History of human–computer interaction"],"wgPageViewLanguage":"en","wgPageContentLanguage":"en","wgPageContentModel":"wikitext","wgRelevantPageName":"Sketchpad","wgRelevantArticleId":78126,"wgIsProbablyEditable":true,"wgRelevantPageIsProbablyEditable":true,"wgRestrictionEdit":[],"wgRestrictionMove":[],"wgNoticeProject":"wikipedia", "wgCiteReferencePreviewsActive":false,"wgFlaggedRevsParams":{"tags":{"status":{"levels":1}}},"wgMediaViewerOnClick":true,"wgMediaViewerEnabledByDefault":true,"wgPopupsFlags":0,"wgVisualEditor":{"pageLanguageCode":"en","pageLanguageDir":"ltr","pageVariantFallbacks":"en"},"wgMFDisplayWikibaseDescriptions":{"search":true,"watchlist":true,"tagline":false,"nearby":true},"wgWMESchemaEditAttemptStepOversample":false,"wgWMEPageLength":10000,"wgRelatedArticlesCompat":[],"wgCentralAuthMobileDomain":false,"wgEditSubmitButtonLabelPublish":true,"wgULSPosition":"interlanguage","wgULSisCompactLinksEnabled":false,"wgVector2022LanguageInHeader":true,"wgULSisLanguageSelectorEmpty":false,"wgWikibaseItemId":"Q1370184","wgCheckUserClientHintsHeadersJsApi":["brands","architecture","bitness","fullVersionList","mobile","model","platform","platformVersion"],"GEHomepageSuggestedEditsEnableTopics":true,"wgGETopicsMatchModeEnabled":false,"wgGEStructuredTaskRejectionReasonTextInputEnabled":false, "wgGELevelingUpEnabledForUser":false};RLSTATE={"ext.globalCssJs.user.styles":"ready","site.styles":"ready","user.styles":"ready","ext.globalCssJs.user":"ready","user":"ready","user.options":"loading","ext.cite.styles":"ready","skins.vector.search.codex.styles":"ready","skins.vector.styles":"ready","skins.vector.icons":"ready","jquery.makeCollapsible.styles":"ready","ext.wikimediamessages.styles":"ready","ext.visualEditor.desktopArticleTarget.noscript":"ready","ext.uls.interlanguage":"ready","wikibase.client.init":"ready","ext.wikimediaBadges":"ready"};RLPAGEMODULES=["ext.cite.ux-enhancements","mediawiki.page.media","site","mediawiki.page.ready","jquery.makeCollapsible","mediawiki.toc","skins.vector.js","ext.centralNotice.geoIP","ext.centralNotice.startUp","ext.gadget.ReferenceTooltips","ext.gadget.switcher","ext.urlShortener.toolbar","ext.centralauth.centralautologin","mmv.bootstrap","ext.popups","ext.visualEditor.desktopArticleTarget.init","ext.visualEditor.targetLoader", "ext.echo.centralauth","ext.eventLogging","ext.wikimediaEvents","ext.navigationTiming","ext.uls.interface","ext.cx.eventlogging.campaigns","ext.cx.uls.quick.actions","wikibase.client.vector-2022","ext.checkUser.clientHints","ext.quicksurveys.init","ext.growthExperiments.SuggestedEditSession","wikibase.sidebar.tracking"];</script> <script>(RLQ=window.RLQ||[]).push(function(){mw.loader.impl(function(){return["user.options@12s5i",function($,jQuery,require,module){mw.user.tokens.set({"patrolToken":"+\\","watchToken":"+\\","csrfToken":"+\\"}); }];});});</script> <link rel="stylesheet" href="/w/load.php?lang=en&modules=ext.cite.styles%7Cext.uls.interlanguage%7Cext.visualEditor.desktopArticleTarget.noscript%7Cext.wikimediaBadges%7Cext.wikimediamessages.styles%7Cjquery.makeCollapsible.styles%7Cskins.vector.icons%2Cstyles%7Cskins.vector.search.codex.styles%7Cwikibase.client.init&only=styles&skin=vector-2022"> <script async="" src="/w/load.php?lang=en&modules=startup&only=scripts&raw=1&skin=vector-2022"></script> <meta name="ResourceLoaderDynamicStyles" content=""> <link rel="stylesheet" href="/w/load.php?lang=en&modules=site.styles&only=styles&skin=vector-2022"> <meta name="generator" content="MediaWiki 1.44.0-wmf.4"> <meta name="referrer" content="origin"> <meta name="referrer" content="origin-when-cross-origin"> <meta name="robots" content="max-image-preview:standard"> <meta name="format-detection" content="telephone=no"> <meta property="og:image" content="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/7/7b/Sketchpad-Apple.jpg"> <meta property="og:image:width" content="1200"> <meta property="og:image:height" content="828"> <meta property="og:image" content="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/7/7b/Sketchpad-Apple.jpg"> <meta property="og:image:width" content="800"> <meta property="og:image:height" content="552"> <meta property="og:image:width" content="640"> <meta property="og:image:height" content="442"> <meta name="viewport" content="width=1120"> <meta property="og:title" content="Sketchpad - Wikipedia"> <meta property="og:type" content="website"> <link rel="preconnect" href="//upload.wikimedia.org"> <link rel="alternate" media="only screen and (max-width: 640px)" href="//en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sketchpad"> <link rel="alternate" type="application/x-wiki" title="Edit this page" href="/w/index.php?title=Sketchpad&action=edit"> <link rel="apple-touch-icon" href="/static/apple-touch/wikipedia.png"> <link rel="icon" href="/static/favicon/wikipedia.ico"> <link rel="search" type="application/opensearchdescription+xml" href="/w/rest.php/v1/search" title="Wikipedia (en)"> <link rel="EditURI" type="application/rsd+xml" href="//en.wikipedia.org/w/api.php?action=rsd"> <link rel="canonical" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sketchpad"> <link rel="license" href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/deed.en"> <link rel="alternate" type="application/atom+xml" title="Wikipedia Atom feed" href="/w/index.php?title=Special:RecentChanges&feed=atom"> <link rel="dns-prefetch" href="//meta.wikimedia.org" /> <link rel="dns-prefetch" href="//login.wikimedia.org"> </head> <body class="skin--responsive skin-vector skin-vector-search-vue mediawiki ltr sitedir-ltr mw-hide-empty-elt ns-0 ns-subject mw-editable page-Sketchpad rootpage-Sketchpad skin-vector-2022 action-view"><a class="mw-jump-link" href="#bodyContent">Jump to content</a> <div class="vector-header-container"> <header class="vector-header mw-header"> <div class="vector-header-start"> <nav class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="Site"> <div id="vector-main-menu-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-main-menu-dropdown vector-button-flush-left vector-button-flush-right" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-main-menu-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-main-menu-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Main menu" > <label id="vector-main-menu-dropdown-label" for="vector-main-menu-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-menu mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-menu"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Main menu</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-main-menu-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> <div id="vector-main-menu" class="vector-main-menu vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-main-menu-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-unpinned" data-feature-name="main-menu-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-main-menu" data-pinned-container-id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-main-menu-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Main menu</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-main-menu.pin">move to sidebar</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-main-menu.unpin">hide</button> </div> <div id="p-navigation" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-navigation" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Navigation </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="n-mainpage-description" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Main_Page" title="Visit the main page [z]" accesskey="z"><span>Main page</span></a></li><li id="n-contents" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Contents" title="Guides to browsing Wikipedia"><span>Contents</span></a></li><li id="n-currentevents" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Portal:Current_events" title="Articles related to current events"><span>Current events</span></a></li><li id="n-randompage" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:Random" title="Visit a randomly selected article [x]" accesskey="x"><span>Random article</span></a></li><li id="n-aboutsite" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:About" title="Learn about Wikipedia and how it works"><span>About Wikipedia</span></a></li><li id="n-contactpage" class="mw-list-item"><a href="//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Contact_us" title="How to contact Wikipedia"><span>Contact us</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-interaction" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-interaction" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Contribute </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="n-help" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Help:Contents" title="Guidance on how to use and edit Wikipedia"><span>Help</span></a></li><li id="n-introduction" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Help:Introduction" title="Learn how to edit Wikipedia"><span>Learn to edit</span></a></li><li id="n-portal" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Community_portal" title="The hub for editors"><span>Community portal</span></a></li><li id="n-recentchanges" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:RecentChanges" title="A list of recent changes to Wikipedia [r]" accesskey="r"><span>Recent changes</span></a></li><li id="n-upload" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:File_upload_wizard" title="Add images or other media for use on Wikipedia"><span>Upload file</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <a href="/wiki/Main_Page" class="mw-logo"> <img class="mw-logo-icon" src="/static/images/icons/wikipedia.png" alt="" aria-hidden="true" height="50" width="50"> <span class="mw-logo-container skin-invert"> <img class="mw-logo-wordmark" alt="Wikipedia" src="/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-wordmark-en.svg" style="width: 7.5em; height: 1.125em;"> <img class="mw-logo-tagline" alt="The Free Encyclopedia" src="/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-tagline-en.svg" width="117" height="13" style="width: 7.3125em; height: 0.8125em;"> </span> </a> </div> <div class="vector-header-end"> <div id="p-search" role="search" class="vector-search-box-vue vector-search-box-collapses vector-search-box-show-thumbnail vector-search-box-auto-expand-width vector-search-box"> <a href="/wiki/Special:Search" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only search-toggle" title="Search Wikipedia [f]" accesskey="f"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-search mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-search"></span> <span>Search</span> </a> <div class="vector-typeahead-search-container"> <div class="cdx-typeahead-search cdx-typeahead-search--show-thumbnail cdx-typeahead-search--auto-expand-width"> <form action="/w/index.php" id="searchform" class="cdx-search-input cdx-search-input--has-end-button"> <div id="simpleSearch" class="cdx-search-input__input-wrapper" data-search-loc="header-moved"> <div class="cdx-text-input cdx-text-input--has-start-icon"> <input class="cdx-text-input__input" type="search" name="search" placeholder="Search Wikipedia" aria-label="Search Wikipedia" autocapitalize="sentences" title="Search Wikipedia [f]" accesskey="f" id="searchInput" > <span class="cdx-text-input__icon cdx-text-input__start-icon"></span> </div> <input type="hidden" name="title" value="Special:Search"> </div> <button class="cdx-button cdx-search-input__end-button">Search</button> </form> </div> </div> </div> <nav class="vector-user-links vector-user-links-wide" aria-label="Personal tools"> <div class="vector-user-links-main"> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-preferences" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-userpage" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="Appearance"> <div id="vector-appearance-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown " title="Change the appearance of the page's font size, width, and color" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-appearance-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-appearance-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Appearance" > <label id="vector-appearance-dropdown-label" for="vector-appearance-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-appearance mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-appearance"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Appearance</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-notifications" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-overflow" class="vector-menu mw-portlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="https://donate.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FundraiserRedirector?utm_source=donate&utm_medium=sidebar&utm_campaign=C13_en.wikipedia.org&uselang=en" class=""><span>Donate</span></a> </li> <li id="pt-createaccount-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=Special:CreateAccount&returnto=Sketchpad" title="You are encouraged to create an account and log in; however, it is not mandatory" class=""><span>Create account</span></a> </li> <li id="pt-login-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=Special:UserLogin&returnto=Sketchpad" title="You're encouraged to log in; however, it's not mandatory. [o]" accesskey="o" class=""><span>Log in</span></a> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> <div id="vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-user-menu vector-button-flush-right vector-user-menu-logged-out" title="Log in and more options" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Personal tools" > <label id="vector-user-links-dropdown-label" for="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-ellipsis mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-ellipsis"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Personal tools</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-personal" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-personal user-links-collapsible-item" title="User menu" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="https://donate.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FundraiserRedirector?utm_source=donate&utm_medium=sidebar&utm_campaign=C13_en.wikipedia.org&uselang=en"><span>Donate</span></a></li><li id="pt-createaccount" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:CreateAccount&returnto=Sketchpad" title="You are encouraged to create an account and log in; however, it is not mandatory"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-userAdd mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-userAdd"></span> <span>Create account</span></a></li><li id="pt-login" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:UserLogin&returnto=Sketchpad" title="You're encouraged to log in; however, it's not mandatory. [o]" accesskey="o"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-logIn mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-logIn"></span> <span>Log in</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-user-menu-anon-editor" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-user-menu-anon-editor" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Pages for logged out editors <a href="/wiki/Help:Introduction" aria-label="Learn more about editing"><span>learn more</span></a> </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-anoncontribs" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:MyContributions" title="A list of edits made from this IP address [y]" accesskey="y"><span>Contributions</span></a></li><li id="pt-anontalk" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:MyTalk" title="Discussion about edits from this IP address [n]" accesskey="n"><span>Talk</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </header> </div> <div class="mw-page-container"> <div class="mw-page-container-inner"> <div class="vector-sitenotice-container"> <div id="siteNotice"></div> </div> <div class="vector-column-start"> <div class="vector-main-menu-container"> <div id="mw-navigation"> <nav id="mw-panel" class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="Site"> <div id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav id="mw-panel-toc" aria-label="Contents" data-event-name="ui.sidebar-toc" class="mw-table-of-contents-container vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-toc-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-toc" class="vector-toc vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-toc-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="toc-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-toc" > <h2 class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Contents</h2> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.pin">move to sidebar</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.unpin">hide</button> </div> <ul class="vector-toc-contents" id="mw-panel-toc-list"> <li id="toc-mw-content-text" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a href="#" class="vector-toc-link"> <div class="vector-toc-text">(Top)</div> </a> </li> <li id="toc-History" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#History"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1</span> <span>History</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-History-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Software" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Software"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Software</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Software-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Hardware" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Hardware"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Hardware</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Hardware-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Publications" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Publications"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Publications</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Publications-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>See also</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Bibliography" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Bibliography"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>Bibliography</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Bibliography-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>External links</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Toggle the table of contents</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Sketchpad</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 16 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-16" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">16 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sketchpad" title="Sketchpad – Azerbaijani" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Sketchpad" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bs mw-list-item"><a href="https://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sketchpad" title="Sketchpad – Bosnian" lang="bs" hreflang="bs" data-title="Sketchpad" data-language-autonym="Bosanski" data-language-local-name="Bosnian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bosanski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sketchpad" title="Sketchpad – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Sketchpad" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sketchpad" title="Sketchpad – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Sketchpad" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sketchpad" title="Sketchpad – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Sketchpad" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sketchpad" title="Sketchpad – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Sketchpad" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sketchpad" title="Sketchpad – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Sketchpad" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EC%8A%A4%EC%BC%80%EC%B9%98%ED%8C%A8%EB%93%9C" title="스케치패드 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="스케치패드" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sketchpad" title="Sketchpad – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Sketchpad" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sketchpad" title="Sketchpad – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="Sketchpad" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sketchpad" title="Sketchpad – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Sketchpad" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sketchpad" title="Sketchpad – Slovenian" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Sketchpad" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="Slovenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sketchpad" title="Sketchpad – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Sketchpad" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sketchpad" title="Sketchpad – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Sketchpad" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sketchpad" title="Sketchpad – Cantonese" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="Sketchpad" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="Cantonese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>粵語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sketchpad" title="Sketchpad – Chinese" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="Sketchpad" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q1370184#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Edit interlanguage links" class="wbc-editpage">Edit links</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="Namespaces"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-nstab-main" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Sketchpad" title="View the content page [c]" accesskey="c"><span>Article</span></a></li><li id="ca-talk" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Talk:Sketchpad" rel="discussion" title="Discuss improvements to the content page [t]" accesskey="t"><span>Talk</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown emptyPortlet" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Change language variant" > <label id="vector-variants-dropdown-label" for="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">English</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-variants" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-variants emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> <div id="right-navigation" class="vector-collapsible"> <nav aria-label="Views"> <div id="p-views" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-views" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-view" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Sketchpad"><span>Read</span></a></li><li id="ca-edit" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sketchpad&action=edit" title="Edit this page [e]" accesskey="e"><span>Edit</span></a></li><li id="ca-history" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sketchpad&action=history" title="Past revisions of this page [h]" accesskey="h"><span>View history</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Page tools"> <div id="vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-tools-dropdown" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Tools" > <label id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-label" for="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Tools</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> <div id="vector-page-tools" class="vector-page-tools vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-page-tools-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-unpinned" data-feature-name="page-tools-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-page-tools" data-pinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Tools</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.pin">move to sidebar</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.unpin">hide</button> </div> <div id="p-cactions" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-cactions emptyPortlet vector-has-collapsible-items" title="More options" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Actions </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-more-view" class="selected vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Sketchpad"><span>Read</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-edit" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sketchpad&action=edit" title="Edit this page [e]" accesskey="e"><span>Edit</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-history" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sketchpad&action=history"><span>View history</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-tb" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-tb" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> General </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="t-whatlinkshere" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:WhatLinksHere/Sketchpad" title="List of all English Wikipedia pages containing links to this page [j]" accesskey="j"><span>What links here</span></a></li><li id="t-recentchangeslinked" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:RecentChangesLinked/Sketchpad" rel="nofollow" title="Recent changes in pages linked from this page [k]" accesskey="k"><span>Related changes</span></a></li><li id="t-upload" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:File_Upload_Wizard" title="Upload files [u]" accesskey="u"><span>Upload file</span></a></li><li id="t-specialpages" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:SpecialPages" title="A list of all special pages [q]" accesskey="q"><span>Special pages</span></a></li><li id="t-permalink" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sketchpad&oldid=1259647440" title="Permanent link to this revision of this page"><span>Permanent link</span></a></li><li id="t-info" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sketchpad&action=info" title="More information about this page"><span>Page information</span></a></li><li id="t-cite" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:CiteThisPage&page=Sketchpad&id=1259647440&wpFormIdentifier=titleform" title="Information on how to cite this page"><span>Cite this page</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:UrlShortener&url=https%3A%2F%2Fen.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2FSketchpad"><span>Get shortened URL</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener-qrcode" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:QrCode&url=https%3A%2F%2Fen.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2FSketchpad"><span>Download QR code</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-coll-print_export" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-coll-print_export" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Print/export </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="coll-download-as-rl" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:DownloadAsPdf&page=Sketchpad&action=show-download-screen" title="Download this page as a PDF file"><span>Download as PDF</span></a></li><li id="t-print" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sketchpad&printable=yes" title="Printable version of this page [p]" accesskey="p"><span>Printable version</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-wikibase-otherprojects" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-wikibase-otherprojects" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> In other projects </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-commons mw-list-item"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Sketchpad" hreflang="en"><span>Wikimedia Commons</span></a></li><li id="t-wikibase" class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-wikibase-dataitem mw-list-item"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q1370184" title="Structured data on this page hosted by Wikidata [g]" accesskey="g"><span>Wikidata item</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-column-end"> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Page tools"> <div id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="Appearance"> <div id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-appearance" class="vector-appearance vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-appearance-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="appearance-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-appearance" data-pinned-container-id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Appearance</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.pin">move to sidebar</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.unpin">hide</button> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div id="bodyContent" class="vector-body" aria-labelledby="firstHeading" data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">1963 computer program written by Ivan Sutherland</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">For the physical item, see <a href="/wiki/Sketchbook" title="Sketchbook">Sketchbook</a>. For the coworking space in Chicago, see <a href="/wiki/SketchPad" title="SketchPad">SketchPad</a>.</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox vevent"><caption class="infobox-title summary">Sketchpad</caption><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image logo"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Sketchpad-Apple.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/7/7b/Sketchpad-Apple.jpg/180px-Sketchpad-Apple.jpg" decoding="async" width="180" height="124" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/7/7b/Sketchpad-Apple.jpg/270px-Sketchpad-Apple.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/7/7b/Sketchpad-Apple.jpg 2x" data-file-width="323" data-file-height="223" /></a></span><div class="infobox-caption">Ivan Sutherland demonstrating Sketchpad (UVC via IA: <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/AlanKeyD1987">video</a> and <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/movies/thumbnails.php?identifier=AlanKeyD1987">thumbnails</a>)</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space: nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Programmer" title="Programmer">Original author(s)</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Ivan_Sutherland" title="Ivan Sutherland">Ivan Sutherland</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space: nowrap;">Initial release</th><td class="infobox-data">1963</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space: nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Computing_platform" title="Computing platform">Platform</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/TX-2" title="TX-2">Lincoln TX-2</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space: nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Software_categories#Categorization_approaches" title="Software categories">Type</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Animation" title="Animation">animation</a>, <a href="/wiki/Drawing" title="Drawing">drawing</a>, <a href="/wiki/Technical_drawing" title="Technical drawing">drafting</a>, <a href="/wiki/Computer-aided_design" title="Computer-aided design">CAD</a></td></tr></tbody></table> <p><b>Sketchpad</b> (a.k.a. <b>Robot Draftsman</b><sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>) is a computer program written by <a href="/wiki/Ivan_Sutherland" title="Ivan Sutherland">Ivan Sutherland</a> in 1963 in the course of his <a href="/wiki/Doctor_of_Philosophy" title="Doctor of Philosophy">PhD</a> <a href="/wiki/Thesis" title="Thesis">thesis</a>, for which he received the <a href="/wiki/Turing_Award" title="Turing Award">Turing Award</a> in 1988, and the <a href="/wiki/Kyoto_Prize" title="Kyoto Prize">Kyoto Prize</a> in 2012. It pioneered <a href="/wiki/Human%E2%80%93computer_interaction" title="Human–computer interaction">human–computer interaction</a> (HCI),<sup id="cite_ref-SearsJacko2007_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-SearsJacko2007-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and is considered the ancestor of modern <a href="/wiki/Computer-aided_design" title="Computer-aided design">computer-aided design</a> (CAD) programs as well as a major breakthrough in the development of <a href="/wiki/Computer_graphics" title="Computer graphics">computer graphics</a> in general. For example, the <a href="/wiki/Graphical_user_interface" title="Graphical user interface">graphical user interface</a> (GUI) was derived from Sketchpad as well as modern <a href="/wiki/Object-oriented_programming" title="Object-oriented programming">object-oriented programming</a>. Using the program, Ivan Sutherland showed that computer graphics could be used for both <a href="/wiki/Computer_art" title="Computer art">artistic</a> and <a href="/wiki/Computer-aided_design" title="Computer-aided design">technical</a> purposes in addition to demonstrating a novel method of <a href="/wiki/Human%E2%80%93computer_interaction" title="Human–computer interaction">human–computer interaction</a>. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="History">History</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sketchpad&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: History"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>See <a href="/wiki/History_of_the_graphical_user_interface" title="History of the graphical user interface">History of the graphical user interface</a> for a more detailed discussion of GUI development. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Software">Software</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sketchpad&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Software"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Sketchpad_N-Component_Element.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/33/Sketchpad_N-Component_Element.png/220px-Sketchpad_N-Component_Element.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="159" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/33/Sketchpad_N-Component_Element.png/330px-Sketchpad_N-Component_Element.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/33/Sketchpad_N-Component_Element.png/440px-Sketchpad_N-Component_Element.png 2x" data-file-width="756" data-file-height="548" /></a><figcaption>The geometric data or "N-component element" for a straight line is composed of addresses to two other N-component elements representing the end points of the line, which each contain an X and Y coordinate.<sup id="cite_ref-IES-thesis_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-IES-thesis-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></figcaption></figure> <p>Sketchpad was the earliest program ever to use a complete <a href="/wiki/Graphical_user_interface" title="Graphical user interface">graphical user interface</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-SearsJacko2007_2-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-SearsJacko2007-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The clever way the program organizes its <a href="/wiki/Geometry" title="Geometry">geometric</a> data pioneered the use of <i>master</i> (<a href="/wiki/Object_(computer_science)" title="Object (computer science)">objects</a>) and <i>occurrences</i> (<a href="/wiki/Instance_(computer_science)" title="Instance (computer science)">instances</a>) in computing and pointed forward to <a href="/wiki/Object-oriented_programming" title="Object-oriented programming">object-oriented programming</a>. The main idea was to have master drawings which can be instantiated into many duplicates. When a master drawing is changed, then all instances change also. </p><p>Geometric <a href="/wiki/Constraint_programming" title="Constraint programming">constraints</a> was another major invention in Sketchpad, letting a user easily constrain geometric properties in the drawing: for instance, the length of a line or the angle between two lines could be fixed. </p><p>As a trade magazine said, clearly Sutherland "broke new ground in 3D computer modeling and visual simulation, the basis for computer graphics and CAD/CAM".<sup id="cite_ref-Penton_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Penton-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Very few programs can be called precedents for his achievements. <a href="/wiki/Patrick_J._Hanratty" title="Patrick J. Hanratty">Patrick J. Hanratty</a> is sometimes called the "father of CAD/CAM"<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and wrote PRONTO, a <a href="/wiki/Numerical_control" title="Numerical control">numerical control</a> language at <a href="/wiki/General_Electric" title="General Electric">General Electric</a> in 1957, and wrote CAD software while working for <a href="/wiki/General_Motors" title="General Motors">General Motors</a> beginning in 1961. Sutherland wrote in his thesis that <a href="/wiki/BBN_Technologies" class="mw-redirect" title="BBN Technologies">Bolt, Beranek and Newman</a> had a "similar program"<sup id="cite_ref-IES-thesis_3-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-IES-thesis-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and <a href="/wiki/T-Square_(software)" title="T-Square (software)">T-Square</a> was developed by <a href="/wiki/Peter_Samson" title="Peter Samson">Peter Samson</a> and one or more fellow MIT students in 1962, both for the <a href="/wiki/PDP-1" title="PDP-1">PDP-1</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The <a href="/wiki/Computer_History_Museum" title="Computer History Museum">Computer History Museum</a> holds <a href="/wiki/Listing_(computer)" title="Listing (computer)">program listings</a> for Sketchpad.<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Hardware">Hardware</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sketchpad&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Hardware"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Sketchpad ran on the <a href="/wiki/MIT_Lincoln_Laboratory" title="MIT Lincoln Laboratory">MIT Lincoln Laboratory</a> <a href="/wiki/TX-2" title="TX-2">TX-2</a> (1958) computer at the <a href="/wiki/Massachusetts_Institute_of_Technology" title="Massachusetts Institute of Technology">Massachusetts Institute of Technology</a> (MIT), which had 64k of <a href="/wiki/36-bit_computing" title="36-bit computing">36-bit</a> <a href="/wiki/Word_(computer_architecture)" title="Word (computer architecture)">words</a>. The user drew on the <a href="/wiki/Computer_monitor" title="Computer monitor">computer monitor</a> screen with the recently invented <a href="/wiki/Light_pen" title="Light pen">light pen</a>, which relayed information on its position by computing at what time the light from the scanning <a href="/wiki/Cathode-ray_tube" title="Cathode-ray tube">cathode-ray tube</a> screen is detected. </p><p>To configure the initial position of the light pen, the word <code>INK</code> was displayed on the screen, which, upon tapping, initialised the program with a white cross to continue keeping track of the pen's movement relative to its prior position.<sup id="cite_ref-IES-thesis_3-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-IES-thesis-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Of the 36 bits available to store each display spot in the display file, 20 gave the coordinates of that spot for the display system and the remaining 16 gave the <a href="/wiki/Address_space" title="Address space">address</a> of the n-component element responsible for adding that spot to display. </p><p>The TX-2 was an experimental machine and the hardware changed often (on Wednesdays, according to Sutherland<sup id="cite_ref-LookingBack_8-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-LookingBack-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>). By 1975, the <a href="/wiki/Light_pen" title="Light pen">light pen</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Cathode-ray_tube" title="Cathode-ray tube">cathode-ray tube</a> with which it had been used had been removed.<sup id="cite_ref-SequenceChanges_9-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-SequenceChanges-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Publications">Publications</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sketchpad&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Publications"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The Sketchpad program was part and parcel of Sutherland's <a href="/wiki/Doctor_of_Philosophy" title="Doctor of Philosophy">Ph.D.</a> thesis at <a href="/wiki/Massachusetts_Institute_of_Technology" title="Massachusetts Institute of Technology">MIT</a> and peripherally related to the <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://images.designworldonline.com.s3.amazonaws.com/CADhistory/8436-TM-4.pdf">Computer-Aided Design project</a> at that time. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://images.designworldonline.com.s3.amazonaws.com/CADhistory/Sketchpad_A_Man-Machine_Graphical_Communication_System_Jan63.pdf"><i>Sketchpad: A Man-Machine Graphical Communication System</i></a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sketchpad&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Comparison_of_computer-aided_design_software" title="Comparison of computer-aided design software">Comparison of CAD software</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sketchpad&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFArmstrong2016" class="citation book cs1">Armstrong, Helen (2016). <i>Digital design theory : readings from the field</i>. New York: Princeton Architectural Press. p. 9. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-61689-308-8" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-61689-308-8"><bdi>978-1-61689-308-8</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Digital+design+theory+%3A+readings+from+the+field&rft.place=New+York&rft.pages=9&rft.pub=Princeton+Architectural+Press&rft.date=2016&rft.isbn=978-1-61689-308-8&rft.aulast=Armstrong&rft.aufirst=Helen&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASketchpad" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-SearsJacko2007-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-SearsJacko2007_2-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-SearsJacko2007_2-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSearsJacko2007" class="citation book cs1">Sears, Andrew; Jacko, Julie A. (19 September 2007). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=A8TPF_O385AC&pg=PA5"><i>The Human–Computer Interaction Handbook: Fundamentals, Evolving Technologies and Emerging Applications, Second Edition</i></a>. CRC Press. p. 5. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-4106-1586-2" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-4106-1586-2"><bdi>978-1-4106-1586-2</bdi></a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">1 March</span> 2013</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Human%E2%80%93Computer+Interaction+Handbook%3A+Fundamentals%2C+Evolving+Technologies+and+Emerging+Applications%2C+Second+Edition&rft.pages=5&rft.pub=CRC+Press&rft.date=2007-09-19&rft.isbn=978-1-4106-1586-2&rft.aulast=Sears&rft.aufirst=Andrew&rft.au=Jacko%2C+Julie+A.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DA8TPF_O385AC%26pg%3DPA5&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASketchpad" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-IES-thesis-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-IES-thesis_3-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-IES-thesis_3-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-IES-thesis_3-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSutherland1963" class="citation web cs1">Sutherland, Ivan Edward (January 1963). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.cl.cam.ac.uk/techreports/UCAM-CL-TR-574.html">"Sketchpad: A man-machine graphical communication system (courtesy Computer Laboratory, University of Cambridge UCAM-CL-TR-574 September 2003)"</a>. Massachusetts Institute of Technology<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2006-12-26</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Sketchpad%3A+A+man-machine+graphical+communication+system+%28courtesy+Computer+Laboratory%2C+University+of+Cambridge+UCAM-CL-TR-574+September+2003%29&rft.pub=Massachusetts+Institute+of+Technology&rft.date=1963-01&rft.aulast=Sutherland&rft.aufirst=Ivan+Edward&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.cl.cam.ac.uk%2Ftechreports%2FUCAM-CL-TR-574.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASketchpad" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Penton-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Penton_4-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://americanmachinist.com/cadcam-software/cadcam-hall-fame">"The CAD/CAM Hall of Fame"</a>. <i>American Machinist</i>. Penton Media. November 1, 1998<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">March 18,</span> 2013</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=American+Machinist&rft.atitle=The+CAD%2FCAM+Hall+of+Fame&rft.date=1998-11-01&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Famericanmachinist.com%2Fcadcam-software%2Fcadcam-hall-fame&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASketchpad" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ics.uci.edu/community/news/spotlight/spotlight_hanratty.php">"Patrick Hanratty spotlight"</a>. The Regents of the University of California. October 18, 2012<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">March 17,</span> 2013</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Patrick+Hanratty+spotlight&rft.date=2012-10-18&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ics.uci.edu%2Fcommunity%2Fnews%2Fspotlight%2Fspotlight_hanratty.php&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASketchpad" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://archive.computerhistory.org/resources/moving-image/DEC/PDP-1_Online/dec.the_mouse_that_roared_pdp_1_celebration_event.lecture.2006.102654189.wmv">"The Mouse that Roared: PDP-1 Celebration Event (running time: 01:53:46)"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Computer_History_Museum" title="Computer History Museum">Computer History Museum</a></i>. 15 May 2006<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2013-03-14</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Computer+History+Museum&rft.atitle=The+Mouse+that+Roared%3A+PDP-1+Celebration+Event+%28running+time%3A+01%3A53%3A46%29&rft.date=2006-05-15&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Farchive.computerhistory.org%2Fresources%2Fmoving-image%2FDEC%2FPDP-1_Online%2Fdec.the_mouse_that_roared_pdp_1_celebration_event.lecture.2006.102654189.wmv&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASketchpad" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSutherland1963" class="citation web cs1"><a href="/wiki/Ivan_Sutherland" title="Ivan Sutherland">Sutherland, Ivan E.</a> (1963). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.computerhistory.org/collections/catalog/102726903">"Sketchpad listings"</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2021-10-30</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Sketchpad+listings&rft.date=1963&rft.aulast=Sutherland&rft.aufirst=Ivan+E.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.computerhistory.org%2Fcollections%2Fcatalog%2F102726903&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASketchpad" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-LookingBack-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-LookingBack_8-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSutherland2012" class="citation journal cs1"><a href="/wiki/Ivan_Sutherland" title="Ivan Sutherland">Sutherland, Ivan</a> (2012). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ll.mit.edu/sites/default/files/page/doc/2018-05/LookingBack_19_1.pdf">"The TX-2 Computer and Sketchpad"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <i>Lincoln Laboratory Journal</i>. <b>19</b> (1): 82–84<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">6 November</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Lincoln+Laboratory+Journal&rft.atitle=The+TX-2+Computer+and+Sketchpad&rft.volume=19&rft.issue=1&rft.pages=82-84&rft.date=2012&rft.aulast=Sutherland&rft.aufirst=Ivan&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ll.mit.edu%2Fsites%2Fdefault%2Ffiles%2Fpage%2Fdoc%2F2018-05%2FLookingBack_19_1.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASketchpad" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-SequenceChanges-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-SequenceChanges_9-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFYoungman" class="citation web cs1">Youngman, James. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://tx-2.github.io/commentary/sequence-changes#crt">"Sequence Changes"</a>. <i>TX-2 Project</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">26 November</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=TX-2+Project&rft.atitle=Sequence+Changes&rft.aulast=Youngman&rft.aufirst=James&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Ftx-2.github.io%2Fcommentary%2Fsequence-changes%23crt&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASketchpad" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Bibliography">Bibliography</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sketchpad&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Bibliography"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCoons1964" class="citation web cs1">Coons, Steven (1964). Fitch, John (ed.). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.wgbh.org/article?item_id=3360989">"Computer Sketchpad"</a> (episode). Science Reporter.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Computer+Sketchpad&rft.series=Science+Reporter&rft.date=1964&rft.aulast=Coons&rft.aufirst=Steven&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.wgbh.org%2Farticle%3Fitem_id%3D3360989&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASketchpad" class="Z3988"></span>, explains the principles of Sketchpad.</li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKay1987" class="citation audio-visual cs1"><a href="/wiki/Alan_Kay" title="Alan Kay">Kay, Alan</a> (1987). "Pt 1". <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/AlanKeyD1987"><i>Doing with Images Makes Symbols</i></a> (video presentation). University Video Communications – via Archive.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Doing+with+Images+Makes+Symbols&rft.pub=University+Video+Communications&rft.date=1987&rft.aulast=Kay&rft.aufirst=Alan&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2FAlanKeyD1987&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASketchpad" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMüller-Prove" class="citation web cs1">Müller-Prove, Matthias. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.mprove.de/diplom/text/3.1.2_sketchpad.html">"Graphical User Interface of Sketchpad"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Germany" title="Germany">Germany</a>: MProve.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Graphical+User+Interface+of+Sketchpad&rft.place=Germany&rft.pub=MProve&rft.aulast=M%C3%BCller-Prove&rft.aufirst=Matthias&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.mprove.de%2Fdiplom%2Ftext%2F3.1.2_sketchpad.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASketchpad" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSutherland1980" class="citation thesis cs1"><a href="/wiki/Ivan_Sutherland" title="Ivan Sutherland">Sutherland, Ivan Edward</a> (1980). <i>Sketchpad: A Man-Machine Graphical Communication System</i> (PhD thesis). New York: Garland Publishers. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-8240-4411-8" title="Special:BookSources/0-8240-4411-8"><bdi>0-8240-4411-8</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Adissertation&rft.title=Sketchpad%3A+A+Man-Machine+Graphical+Communication+System&rft.degree=PhD&rft.inst=Garland+Publishers&rft.date=1980&rft.isbn=0-8240-4411-8&rft.aulast=Sutherland&rft.aufirst=Ivan+Edward&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASketchpad" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSutherland" class="citation thesis cs1"><a href="/wiki/Ivan_Sutherland" title="Ivan Sutherland">Sutherland, Ivan Edward</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.cl.cam.ac.uk/techreports/UCAM-CL-TR-574.pdf"><i>Sketchpad: A man-machine graphical communication system</i></a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> (PhD thesis). UK: CAM. Technical Report No. 574.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Adissertation&rft.title=Sketchpad%3A+A+man-machine+graphical+communication+system&rft.degree=PhD&rft.inst=CAM&rft.aulast=Sutherland&rft.aufirst=Ivan+Edward&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.cl.cam.ac.uk%2Ftechreports%2FUCAM-CL-TR-574.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASketchpad" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSutherland" class="citation thesis cs1"><a href="/wiki/Ivan_Sutherland" title="Ivan Sutherland">Sutherland, Ivan Edward</a>. "Sketchpad: A Man-Machine Graphical Communication System". <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20050422075646/http://www.aci.com.pl/mwichary/guidebook/articles/historical/sketchpad"><i>AFIPS conference proceedings</i></a> (PhD thesis). PL: ACI. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.aci.com.pl/mwichary/guidebook/articles/historical/sketchpad">the original</a> on 2005-04-22.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Adissertation&rft.title=AFIPS+conference+proceedings&rft.degree=PhD&rft.inst=ACI&rft.aulast=Sutherland&rft.aufirst=Ivan+Edward&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.aci.com.pl%2Fmwichary%2Fguidebook%2Farticles%2Fhistorical%2Fsketchpad&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASketchpad" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFYares2013" class="citation journal cs1">Yares, Evan (February 2013). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.designworldonline.com/50-years-of-cad/">"50 Years of CAD"</a>. <i>Design World</i>: 66–71.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Design+World&rft.atitle=50+Years+of+CAD&rft.pages=66-71&rft.date=2013-02&rft.aulast=Yares&rft.aufirst=Evan&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.designworldonline.com%2F50-years-of-cad%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASketchpad" class="Z3988"></span></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sketchpad&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"><table class="infobox" style="clear: right; float:right;margin:0 0 1.5em 1.5em"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above" style="font-size:115%">External videos</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" style="text-align: left"><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="video icon" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/Nuvola_apps_kaboodle.svg/16px-Nuvola_apps_kaboodle.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/Nuvola_apps_kaboodle.svg/24px-Nuvola_apps_kaboodle.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/Nuvola_apps_kaboodle.svg/32px-Nuvola_apps_kaboodle.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="128" data-file-height="128" /></span></span> Sketchpad demo: <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=zFWBQKrvz24">Part 1</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=gWVzLKq-0sw">Part 2</a>, <a href="/wiki/YouTube" title="YouTube">YouTube</a></td></tr></tbody></table> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSutherland1963" class="citation cs2">——— (30 January 1963), <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130408133119/http://stinet.dtic.mil/cgi-bin/GetTRDoc?AD=AD404549&Location=U2&doc=GetTRDoc.pdf"><i>Sketchpad: A Man-Machine Graphical Communication System</i></a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>, Lincoln Laboratory, Massachusetts Institute of Technology via Defense Technical Information Center, Technical Report No. 296, archived from the original on April 8, 2013<span class="reference-accessdate">, retrieved <span class="nowrap">2007-11-03</span></span></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Sketchpad%3A+A+Man-Machine+Graphical+Communication+System&rft.pub=Lincoln+Laboratory%2C+Massachusetts+Institute+of+Technology+via+Defense+Technical+Information+Center&rft.date=1963-01-30&rft.aulast=Sutherland&rft.aufirst=Ivan+Edward&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fstinet.dtic.mil%2Fcgi-bin%2FGetTRDoc%3FAD%3DAD404549%26Location%3DU2%26doc%3DGetTRDoc.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASketchpad" class="Z3988"></span><span class="cs1-maint citation-comment"><code class="cs1-code">{{<a href="/wiki/Template:Citation" title="Template:Citation">citation</a>}}</code>: CS1 maint: unfit URL (<a href="/wiki/Category:CS1_maint:_unfit_URL" title="Category:CS1 maint: unfit URL">link</a>)</span>.</li> <li>Archived at <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ghostarchive.org/varchive/youtube/20211211/495nCzxM9PI">Ghostarchive</a> and the <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20091218123245/http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=495nCzxM9PI">Wayback Machine</a>: <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation cs2">"Sketchpad", <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=495nCzxM9PI"><i>Youtube</i></a></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Sketchpad&rft.btitle=Youtube&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.youtube.com%2Fwatch%3Fv%3D495nCzxM9PI&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASketchpad" class="Z3988"></span>.</li> <li>Demo <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=zFWBQKrvz24">1</a>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=gWVzLKq-0sw">2</a></li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ul{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist .mw-empty-li{display:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dt::after{content:": "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li::after{content:" · ";font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li:last-child::after{content:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li li:first-child::before{content:" (";font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd li:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt li:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li li:last-child::after{content:")";font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol{counter-reset:listitem}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol>li{counter-increment:listitem}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol>li::before{content:" "counter(listitem)"\a0 "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd ol>li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt ol>li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li ol>li:first-child::before{content:" ("counter(listitem)"\a0 "}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236075235">.mw-parser-output .navbox{box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #a2a9b1;width:100%;clear:both;font-size:88%;text-align:center;padding:1px;margin:1em auto 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbox{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox,.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox-styles+.navbox{margin-top:-1px}.mw-parser-output .navbox-inner,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup{width:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-title,.mw-parser-output .navbox-abovebelow{padding:0.25em 1em;line-height:1.5em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .navbox-group{white-space:nowrap;text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .navbox,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup{background-color:#fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-list{line-height:1.5em;border-color:#fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-list-with-group{text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid}.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-group,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-image,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-list{border-top:2px solid #fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title{background-color:#ccf}.mw-parser-output .navbox-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-title{background-color:#ddf}.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-abovebelow{background-color:#e6e6ff}.mw-parser-output .navbox-even{background-color:#f7f7f7}.mw-parser-output .navbox-odd{background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ul,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ul{padding:0.125em 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbar{display:block;font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title .navbar{float:left;text-align:left;margin-right:0.5em}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .navbox-image img{max-width:none!important}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .navbox{display:none!important}}</style></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Computer-aided_design_(CAD)_software" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239400231">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:114%;margin:0 7em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:114%;margin:0 4em}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:CAD_software" title="Template:CAD software"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:CAD_software" title="Template talk:CAD software"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:CAD_software" title="Special:EditPage/Template:CAD software"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Computer-aided_design_(CAD)_software" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Computer-aided_design" title="Computer-aided design">Computer-aided design</a> (CAD) software</div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Free_and_open-source_software" title="Free and open-source software">Free and<br />open-source</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Mechanical_systems_drawing" title="Mechanical systems drawing">Mechanical</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/BRL-CAD" title="BRL-CAD">BRL-CAD</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/FreeCAD" title="FreeCAD">FreeCAD</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/HeeksCAD" title="HeeksCAD">HeeksCAD</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/LibreCAD" title="LibreCAD">LibreCAD</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Open_Cascade_Technology" title="Open Cascade Technology">Open Cascade Technology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/OpenSCAD" title="OpenSCAD">OpenSCAD</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/QCAD" title="QCAD">QCAD</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/RattleCAD" title="RattleCAD">rattleCAD</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Salome_(software)" title="Salome (software)">Salome</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/SolveSpace" title="SolveSpace">SolveSpace</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Electronic_design_automation" title="Electronic design automation">Electrical</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Electric_(software)" title="Electric (software)">Electric</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/FreePCB" title="FreePCB">FreePCB</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fritzing" title="Fritzing">Fritzing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/GEDA" title="GEDA">gEDA</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/KiCad" title="KiCad">KiCad</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/KTechLab" title="KTechLab">kTechLab</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Magic_(software)" title="Magic (software)">Magic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ngspice" title="Ngspice">ngspice</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oregano_(software)" title="Oregano (software)">Oregano</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Quite_Universal_Circuit_Simulator" title="Quite Universal Circuit Simulator">QUCS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/XCircuit" title="XCircuit">XCircuit</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Proprietary_software" title="Proprietary software">Proprietary</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Mechanical_systems_drawing" title="Mechanical systems drawing">Mechanical</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/ABViewer" title="ABViewer">ABViewer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alibre_Design" title="Alibre Design">Alibre Design</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ArchiCAD" class="mw-redirect" title="ArchiCAD">ArchiCAD</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/AutoCAD" title="AutoCAD">AutoCAD</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Autodesk_Alias" title="Autodesk Alias">Autodesk Alias</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Autodesk_Inventor" title="Autodesk Inventor">Autodesk Inventor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Autodesk_Revit" title="Autodesk Revit">Autodesk Revit</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/AutoTURN" title="AutoTURN">AutoTURN</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/BricsCAD" title="BricsCAD">BricsCAD</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/CADKEY" title="CADKEY">CADKEY</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/CATIA" title="CATIA">CATIA</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cimatron" title="Cimatron">Cimatron</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cobalt_(CAD_program)" title="Cobalt (CAD program)">Cobalt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/PTC_Creo_Elements/Direct_Drafting" title="PTC Creo Elements/Direct Drafting">Creo Elements/Direct Drafting</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/PTC_Creo_Elements/Pro" class="mw-redirect" title="PTC Creo Elements/Pro">Creo Elements/Pro</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/DesignSpark_Mechanical" title="DesignSpark Mechanical">DesignSpark Mechanical</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/EasyCAD" class="mw-redirect" title="EasyCAD">EasyCAD</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/FastCAD" title="FastCAD">FastCAD</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/FINE_MEP" title="FINE MEP">FINE</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/FORAN_System" title="FORAN System">FORAN</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fusion_360" title="Fusion 360">Fusion 360</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/GstarCAD" title="GstarCAD">GstarCAD</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/IRONCAD" title="IRONCAD">IRONCAD</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/KeyCreator" title="KeyCreator">KeyCreator</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/MEDUSA" title="MEDUSA">MEDUSA</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/MicroStation" title="MicroStation">MicroStation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Siemens_NX" title="Siemens NX">NX</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Onshape" title="Onshape">Onshape</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/PDMS_(software)" title="PDMS (software)">PDMS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pro/DESKTOP" title="Pro/DESKTOP">Pro/DESKTOP</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rhinoceros_3D" title="Rhinoceros 3D">Rhinoceros 3D</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Grasshopper_3D" title="Grasshopper 3D">Grasshopper 3D</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/RattleCAD#Source_closing" title="RattleCAD">rattleCAD 4.0</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/RUCAPS" title="RUCAPS">RUCAPS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Solid_Edge" title="Solid Edge">Solid Edge</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/SolidWorks" title="SolidWorks">SolidWorks</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/SpaceClaim" title="SpaceClaim">SpaceClaim</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/T-FLEX_CAD" title="T-FLEX CAD">T-FLEX CAD</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tinkercad" title="Tinkercad">Tinkercad</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/TurboCAD" title="TurboCAD">TurboCAD</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/VariCAD" title="VariCAD">VariCAD</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Electronic_design_automation" title="Electronic design automation">Electrical</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Allegro_(CAD_software)" class="mw-redirect" title="Allegro (CAD software)">Allegro</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Altium_Designer" title="Altium Designer">Altium Designer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/AutoCAD_Electrical" class="mw-redirect" title="AutoCAD Electrical">AutoCAD Electrical</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Autotrax" title="Autotrax">Autotrax</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/BoardStation" class="mw-redirect" title="BoardStation">BoardStation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/CADSTAR" title="CADSTAR">CADSTAR</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/CircuitMaker" title="CircuitMaker">CircuitMaker</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/CR-2000" class="mw-redirect" title="CR-2000">CR-2000</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/CR-3000" class="mw-redirect" title="CR-3000">CR-3000</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/CR-5000" title="CR-5000">CR-5000</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/CR-8000" title="CR-8000">CR-8000</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Delta_Design" class="mw-redirect" title="Delta Design">Delta Design</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/DesignSpark_PCB" title="DesignSpark PCB">DesignSpark PCB</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/DipTrace" title="DipTrace">DipTrace</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/EAGLE_(program)" title="EAGLE (program)">EAGLE</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/EasyEDA" title="EasyEDA">EasyEDA</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Easytrax" class="mw-redirect" title="Easytrax">Easytrax</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/FreeStyle_(CAD_software)" class="mw-redirect" title="FreeStyle (CAD software)">FreeStyle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/IntegraStation" class="mw-redirect" title="IntegraStation">IntegraStation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/LTspice" title="LTspice">LTspice</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Micro-Cap" title="Micro-Cap">Micro-Cap</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/NI_Multisim" title="NI Multisim">Multisim</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/OrCAD" title="OrCAD">OrCAD</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/PADS_(CAD_software)" class="mw-redirect" title="PADS (CAD software)">PADS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/P-CAD" title="P-CAD">P-CAD</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/PCB_(software)" title="PCB (software)">PCB</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Protel_(CAD_software)" class="mw-redirect" title="Protel (CAD software)">Protel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Proteus_Design_Suite" title="Proteus Design Suite">Proteus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pulsonix" title="Pulsonix">Pulsonix</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/SolidWorks" title="SolidWorks">SolidWorks Electrical</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/TangoPCB" class="mw-redirect" title="TangoPCB">Tango</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/TARGET_(CAD_software)" title="TARGET (CAD software)">TARGET</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/TopoR" title="TopoR">TopoR</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/NI_Ultiboard" title="NI Ultiboard">Ultiboard</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Upverter" title="Upverter">Upverter</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Xpedition_(CAD_software)" class="mw-redirect" title="Xpedition (CAD software)">Xpedition</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/File_format" title="File format">File formats</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/3D_Manufacturing_Format" title="3D Manufacturing Format">3MF</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ACIS#File_format" title="ACIS">ACIS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Additive_manufacturing_file_format" title="Additive manufacturing file format">AMF</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/C3D_Toolkit" title="C3D Toolkit">C3D</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/KeyCreator" title="KeyCreator">CKD</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Specctra" title="Specctra">DSN</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Design_Web_Format" title="Design Web Format">DWF</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Open_Packaging_Conventions" title="Open Packaging Conventions">DWFX</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/.dwg" title=".dwg">DWG</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/AutoCAD_DXF" title="AutoCAD DXF">DXF</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/IGES" title="IGES">IGES</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wavefront_.obj_file" title="Wavefront .obj file">OBJ</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Open_Design_Alliance" title="Open Design Alliance">OpenDWG</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/PLY_(file_format)" title="PLY (file format)">PLY</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/PSpice_circuit_file" class="mw-redirect" title="PSpice circuit file">PSpice</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Specctra" title="Specctra">SES</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO_10303" title="ISO 10303">STEP</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/STL_(file_format)" title="STL (file format)">STL</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Geometric_modeling_kernel" title="Geometric modeling kernel">Modeling<br />kernels</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/ACIS" title="ACIS">ACIS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/C3D_Toolkit" title="C3D Toolkit">C3D</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Open_Cascade_Technology" title="Open Cascade Technology">Open Cascade Technology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Parasolid" title="Parasolid">Parasolid</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Russian_Geometric_Kernel" title="Russian Geometric Kernel">RGK</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Romulus_(modelling_kernel)" title="Romulus (modelling kernel)">Romulus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/KernelCAD" class="mw-redirect" title="KernelCAD">KernelCAD</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ShapeManager" title="ShapeManager">ShapeManager</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Teigha" class="mw-redirect" title="Teigha">Teigha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/IntelliCAD" title="IntelliCAD">IntelliCAD</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Solid_Modeling_Solutions" title="Solid Modeling Solutions">SMLib</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Historic</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/DAC-1" title="DAC-1">DAC-1</a> (1963)</li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Sketchpad</a> (1963)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/UNISURF" title="UNISURF">UNISURF</a> (1968)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div><a href="/wiki/Comparison_of_computer-aided_design_software" title="Comparison of computer-aided design software">Comparison</a> • <a href="/wiki/History_of_CAD_software" title="History of CAD software">History</a></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Retrieved from "<a dir="ltr" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Sketchpad&oldid=1259647440">https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Sketchpad&oldid=1259647440</a>"</div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface"><div id="mw-normal-catlinks" class="mw-normal-catlinks"><a href="/wiki/Help:Category" title="Help:Category">Categories</a>: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:1963_software" title="Category:1963 software">1963 software</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Computer_graphics" title="Category:Computer graphics">Computer graphics</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Graphical_user_interfaces" title="Category:Graphical user interfaces">Graphical user interfaces</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:History_of_human%E2%80%93computer_interaction" title="Category:History of human–computer interaction">History of human–computer interaction</a></li></ul></div><div id="mw-hidden-catlinks" class="mw-hidden-catlinks mw-hidden-cats-hidden">Hidden categories: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_with_short_description" title="Category:Articles with short description">Articles with short description</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Short_description_matches_Wikidata" title="Category:Short description matches Wikidata">Short description matches Wikidata</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:CS1_maint:_unfit_URL" title="Category:CS1 maint: unfit URL">CS1 maint: unfit URL</a></li></ul></div></div> </div> </main> </div> <div class="mw-footer-container"> <footer id="footer" class="mw-footer" > <ul id="footer-info"> <li id="footer-info-lastmod"> This page was last edited on 26 November 2024, at 08:38<span class="anonymous-show"> (UTC)</span>.</li> <li id="footer-info-copyright">Text is available under the <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Text_of_the_Creative_Commons_Attribution-ShareAlike_4.0_International_License" title="Wikipedia:Text of the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License">Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 License</a>; additional terms may apply. By using this site, you agree to the <a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Terms_of_Use" class="extiw" title="foundation:Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Terms of Use">Terms of Use</a> and <a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Privacy_policy" class="extiw" title="foundation:Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Privacy policy">Privacy Policy</a>. Wikipedia® is a registered trademark of the <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://wikimediafoundation.org/">Wikimedia Foundation, Inc.</a>, a non-profit organization.</li> </ul> <ul id="footer-places"> <li id="footer-places-privacy"><a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Privacy_policy">Privacy policy</a></li> <li id="footer-places-about"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:About">About Wikipedia</a></li> <li id="footer-places-disclaimers"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:General_disclaimer">Disclaimers</a></li> <li id="footer-places-contact"><a href="//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Contact_us">Contact Wikipedia</a></li> <li id="footer-places-wm-codeofconduct"><a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Universal_Code_of_Conduct">Code of Conduct</a></li> <li id="footer-places-developers"><a href="https://developer.wikimedia.org">Developers</a></li> <li id="footer-places-statslink"><a href="https://stats.wikimedia.org/#/en.wikipedia.org">Statistics</a></li> <li id="footer-places-cookiestatement"><a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Cookie_statement">Cookie statement</a></li> <li id="footer-places-mobileview"><a href="//en.m.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Sketchpad&mobileaction=toggle_view_mobile" class="noprint stopMobileRedirectToggle">Mobile view</a></li> </ul> <ul id="footer-icons" class="noprint"> <li id="footer-copyrightico"><a href="https://wikimediafoundation.org/" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button--enabled"><img src="/static/images/footer/wikimedia-button.svg" width="84" height="29" alt="Wikimedia Foundation" loading="lazy"></a></li> <li id="footer-poweredbyico"><a href="https://www.mediawiki.org/" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button--enabled"><img src="/w/resources/assets/poweredby_mediawiki.svg" alt="Powered by MediaWiki" width="88" height="31" loading="lazy"></a></li> </ul> </footer> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-settings" id="p-dock-bottom"> <ul></ul> </div><script>(RLQ=window.RLQ||[]).push(function(){mw.config.set({"wgHostname":"mw-web.codfw.main-697b7966c5-hkxgj","wgBackendResponseTime":156,"wgPageParseReport":{"limitreport":{"cputime":"0.407","walltime":"0.545","ppvisitednodes":{"value":2122,"limit":1000000},"postexpandincludesize":{"value":61027,"limit":2097152},"templateargumentsize":{"value":2006,"limit":2097152},"expansiondepth":{"value":11,"limit":100},"expensivefunctioncount":{"value":5,"limit":500},"unstrip-depth":{"value":1,"limit":20},"unstrip-size":{"value":63511,"limit":5000000},"entityaccesscount":{"value":1,"limit":400},"timingprofile":["100.00% 471.793 1 -total"," 28.37% 133.869 1 Template:Reflist"," 17.73% 83.664 1 Template:CAD_software"," 17.62% 83.133 2 Template:Cite_book"," 17.31% 81.684 3 Template:Navbox"," 16.49% 77.804 1 Template:Short_description"," 16.02% 75.585 2 Template:Infobox"," 15.67% 73.942 1 Template:Infobox_Software"," 9.62% 45.399 2 Template:Pagetype"," 8.60% 40.568 1 Template:For_multi"]},"scribunto":{"limitreport-timeusage":{"value":"0.251","limit":"10.000"},"limitreport-memusage":{"value":5986144,"limit":52428800}},"cachereport":{"origin":"mw-web.eqiad.main-559c9fd9f4-7q94n","timestamp":"20241126123819","ttl":2592000,"transientcontent":false}}});});</script> <script type="application/ld+json">{"@context":"https:\/\/schema.org","@type":"Article","name":"Sketchpad","url":"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Sketchpad","sameAs":"http:\/\/www.wikidata.org\/entity\/Q1370184","mainEntity":"http:\/\/www.wikidata.org\/entity\/Q1370184","author":{"@type":"Organization","name":"Contributors to Wikimedia projects"},"publisher":{"@type":"Organization","name":"Wikimedia Foundation, Inc.","logo":{"@type":"ImageObject","url":"https:\/\/www.wikimedia.org\/static\/images\/wmf-hor-googpub.png"}},"datePublished":"2002-08-30T19:56:38Z","dateModified":"2024-11-26T08:38:28Z","image":"https:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/en\/7\/7b\/Sketchpad-Apple.jpg","headline":"1963 computer program written by Ivan Sutherland"}</script> </body> </html>