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class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>تۆرکجه</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Henry_Chadwick_(Sportjournalist)" title="Henry Chadwick (Sportjournalist) – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Henry Chadwick (Sportjournalist)" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Henry_Chadwick_(baseball)" title="Henry Chadwick (baseball) – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Henry Chadwick (baseball)" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%ED%97%A8%EB%A6%AC_%EC%B1%84%EB%93%9C%EC%9C%85_(%EA%B8%B0%EC%9E%90)" title="헨리 채드윅 (기자) – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="헨리 채드윅 (기자)" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Henry_Chadwick" title="Henry Chadwick – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Henry Chadwick" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%87%D9%86%D8%B1%D9%89_%D8%AA%D8%B4%D8%A7%D8%AF%D9%88%D9%8A%D9%83" title="هنرى تشادويك – Egyptian Arabic" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="هنرى تشادويك" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="Egyptian Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مصرى</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%83%98%E3%83%B3%E3%83%AA%E3%83%BC%E3%83%BB%E3%83%81%E3%83%A3%E3%83%89%E3%82%A6%E3%82%A3%E3%83%83%E3%82%AF" title="ヘンリー・チャドウィック – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="ヘンリー・チャドウィック" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Henry_Chadwick" title="Henry Chadwick – Serbo-Croatian" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Henry Chadwick" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="Serbo-Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q864938#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Edit interlanguage links" class="wbc-editpage">Edit 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<div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">American baseball writer and statistician (1824–1908)</div> <p class="mw-empty-elt"> </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1251242444">.mw-parser-output .ambox{border:1px solid #a2a9b1;border-left:10px solid #36c;background-color:#fbfbfb;box-sizing:border-box}.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+link+.ambox{margin-top:-1px}html body.mediawiki .mw-parser-output .ambox.mbox-small-left{margin:4px 1em 4px 0;overflow:hidden;width:238px;border-collapse:collapse;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em}.mw-parser-output .ambox-speedy{border-left:10px solid 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(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox vcard"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above" style="font-size:125%;"><div style="display:inline;" class="fn">Henry Chadwick</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:Henry_Chadwick_(NYPL_b13537024-56451)_(cropped).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a7/Henry_Chadwick_%28NYPL_b13537024-56451%29_%28cropped%29.jpg/220px-Henry_Chadwick_%28NYPL_b13537024-56451%29_%28cropped%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="309" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a7/Henry_Chadwick_%28NYPL_b13537024-56451%29_%28cropped%29.jpg/330px-Henry_Chadwick_%28NYPL_b13537024-56451%29_%28cropped%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a7/Henry_Chadwick_%28NYPL_b13537024-56451%29_%28cropped%29.jpg/440px-Henry_Chadwick_%28NYPL_b13537024-56451%29_%28cropped%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1679" data-file-height="2361" /></a></span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.2em; padding-right:0.65em;">Born</th><td class="infobox-data" style="line-height:1.4em;"><span style="display:none">(<span class="bday">1824-10-05</span>)</span>October 5, 1824<br /><a href="/wiki/Exeter" title="Exeter">Exeter</a>, Devon, England, United Kingdom</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.2em; padding-right:0.65em;">Died</th><td class="infobox-data" style="line-height:1.4em;">April 20, 1908<span style="display:none">(1908-04-20)</span> (aged 83)<br /><a href="/wiki/Brooklyn" title="Brooklyn">Brooklyn</a>, New York, United States</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.2em; padding-right:0.65em;">Resting place</th><td class="infobox-data" style="line-height:1.4em;"><a href="/wiki/Green-Wood_Cemetery" title="Green-Wood Cemetery">Green-Wood Cemetery</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.2em; padding-right:0.65em;">Occupation</th><td class="infobox-data role" style="line-height:1.4em;">Sportswriter</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.2em; padding-right:0.65em;">Nationality</th><td class="infobox-data category" style="line-height:1.4em;">English, American</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.2em; padding-right:0.65em;">Period</th><td class="infobox-data" style="line-height:1.4em;">circa 1850–1908</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.2em; padding-right:0.65em;">Subject</th><td class="infobox-data" style="line-height:1.4em;">Baseball<br />Cricket</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.2em; padding-right:0.65em;">Notable works</th><td class="infobox-data" style="line-height:1.4em;"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1126788409">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style><div class="plainlist"> <ul><li><i>Beadle's Dime Base-Ball Player</i> (1860–1881)</li> <li><i>DeWitt's Base-Ball Guide</i> (1869–1885)</li> <li><i>Spalding's Official Base Ball Guide</i></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" style="line-height:1.4em;"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Baseball player</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239334398">.mw-parser-output .ib-baseball-bio{border-collapse:collapse}.mw-parser-output .ib-baseball-bio td,.mw-parser-output .ib-baseball-bio th{border:1px solid #a2a9b1}.mw-parser-output .ib-baseball-bio .borderless td,.mw-parser-output .ib-baseball-bio .borderless th{border:0}.mw-parser-output .ib-baseball-bio .infobox-below{background-color:#eee}.mw-parser-output .ib-baseball-bio-batsthrows{display:flex;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ib-baseball-bio-batsthrows>div{width:50%}.mw-parser-output .ib-baseball-bio-batsthrows div:first-child{border-right:1px solid #a2a9b1}.mw-parser-output .ib-baseball-bio-member-header{background-color:#9A1C1F}.mw-parser-output .ib-baseball-bio-member-header a,.mw-parser-output .ib-baseball-bio-member>th>a{color:white}.mw-parser-output .ib-baseball-bio-former .infobox-full-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-baseball-bio-teams .infobox-full-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-baseball-bio-highlights .infobox-full-data{text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .ib-baseball-bio-module{width:100%;background-color:var(--background-color-base,#f9f9f9)}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .ib-baseball-bio-member-header{background:#3d0001}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .ib-baseball-bio-member[style*="background"]{background:#0c0a6b!important}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .ib-baseball-bio-member-header{background:#3d0001}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .ib-baseball-bio-member[style*="background"]{background:#0c0a6b!important}}</style><hr /><b>Baseball career</b><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></td></tr><tr class="ib-baseball-bio-member-header"><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header"><a href="/wiki/National_Baseball_Hall_of_Fame_and_Museum" title="National Baseball Hall of Fame and Museum">Member of the National</a></th></tr><tr class="nowrap ib-baseball-bio-member" style="background:#272662;"><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header"><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e7/Empty_Star.svg/15px-Empty_Star.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e7/Empty_Star.svg/23px-Empty_Star.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e7/Empty_Star.svg/30px-Empty_Star.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="64" data-file-height="64" /></span></span> <span typeof="mw:File"><span><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e7/Empty_Star.svg/15px-Empty_Star.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e7/Empty_Star.svg/23px-Empty_Star.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e7/Empty_Star.svg/30px-Empty_Star.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="64" data-file-height="64" /></span></span> <span typeof="mw:File"><span><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e7/Empty_Star.svg/15px-Empty_Star.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e7/Empty_Star.svg/23px-Empty_Star.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e7/Empty_Star.svg/30px-Empty_Star.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="64" data-file-height="64" /></span></span> <a href="/wiki/National_Baseball_Hall_of_Fame_and_Museum" title="National Baseball Hall of Fame and Museum">Baseball Hall of Fame</a> <span typeof="mw:File"><span><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e7/Empty_Star.svg/15px-Empty_Star.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e7/Empty_Star.svg/23px-Empty_Star.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e7/Empty_Star.svg/30px-Empty_Star.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="64" data-file-height="64" /></span></span> <span typeof="mw:File"><span><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e7/Empty_Star.svg/15px-Empty_Star.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e7/Empty_Star.svg/23px-Empty_Star.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e7/Empty_Star.svg/30px-Empty_Star.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="64" data-file-height="64" /></span></span> <span typeof="mw:File"><span><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e7/Empty_Star.svg/15px-Empty_Star.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e7/Empty_Star.svg/23px-Empty_Star.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e7/Empty_Star.svg/30px-Empty_Star.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="64" data-file-height="64" /></span></span><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:right; padding-right:0.5em;">Induction</th><td class="infobox-data" style="padding-left:0.5em;"><a href="/wiki/1938_Baseball_Hall_of_Fame_balloting" title="1938 Baseball Hall of Fame balloting">1938</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:right; padding-right:0.5em;">Election method</th><td class="infobox-data" style="padding-left:0.5em;">Centennial Commission</td></tr><tr style="display:none"><th colspan="2"> </th></tr><tr style="display:none"><td colspan="2"> </td></tr></tbody></table> <p><b>Henry Chadwick</b> (October 5, 1824 – April 20, 1908) was an English-American <a href="/wiki/Sportswriting" class="mw-redirect" title="Sportswriting">sportswriter</a>, <a href="/wiki/Baseball_statistics" title="Baseball statistics">baseball statistician</a> and historian, often called the "Father of Baseball" for his early reporting on and contributions to the development of the game. He edited the first baseball guide that was sold to the public. He is credited with creating <a href="/wiki/Box_score_(baseball)" title="Box score (baseball)">box scores</a>, as well as creating the abbreviation "K" that designates a <a href="/wiki/Strikeout" title="Strikeout">strikeout</a>. He was posthumously inducted into the <a href="/wiki/National_Baseball_Hall_of_Fame" class="mw-redirect" title="National Baseball Hall of Fame">National Baseball Hall of Fame</a> in 1938. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Early_life">Early life</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Henry_Chadwick_(writer)&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Early life"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Chadwick was born on October 5, 1824, in <a href="/wiki/Exeter" title="Exeter">Exeter</a>, England to James Chadwick and his second wife Theresa.<sup id="cite_ref-Birkett_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Birkett-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-SchiffTNP2008_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-SchiffTNP2008-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> His grandfather, Andrew Chadwick, had been a close friend of theologian <a href="/wiki/John_Wesley" title="John Wesley">John Wesley</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> His father, James Chadwick, was a supporter of the <a href="/wiki/French_Revolution" title="French Revolution">French Revolution</a> who also tutored <a href="/wiki/John_Dalton" title="John Dalton">John Dalton</a> in music and botany.<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> James Chadwick had served as editor of a publication known as the <i>Western Times</i>.<sup id="cite_ref-Vaughn_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Vaughn-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Henry Chadwick was the much younger half-brother of Sir <a href="/wiki/Edwin_Chadwick" title="Edwin Chadwick">Edwin Chadwick</a> who was born in 1800. Edwin was England's sanitary philosopher who developed environmental measures and laws designed to counteract the effects of the Industrial Revolution.<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Edwin Chadwick's mother died soon after Edwin’s birth. </p><p>Henry Chadwick moved to <a href="/wiki/Brooklyn" title="Brooklyn">Brooklyn</a> with his family at the age of 12, in the 1830s. Biographer Andrew Schiff writes that Chadwick "was not brought up to value possessions or with an understanding of commerce and trade; rather he received an education that was drenched in moral philosophy and science."<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He began to write music and to teach piano and guitar.<sup id="cite_ref-Take_8-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Take-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 1848, Chadwick married Jane Botts from <a href="/wiki/Richmond,_Virginia" title="Richmond, Virginia">Richmond, Virginia</a>. Botts' father Alexander had been president of the Virginia State Council. She was also related to politician <a href="/wiki/John_Botts" title="John Botts">John Botts</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Swanson_9-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Swanson-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Chadwick edited John Botts' work titled <i>The Great Rebellion</i>. Chadwick and his wife had three children, Richard Westlake Chadwick, in 1849, Susan Mary Chadwick, in 1851, and Rose Virginia Chadwick, 1853.<sup id="cite_ref-Cousins_10-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Cousins-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Chadwick became a frequent player of <a href="/wiki/Cricket" title="Cricket">cricket</a> and <a href="/wiki/Bat-and-ball_games" title="Bat-and-ball games">similar ball games</a> such as <a href="/wiki/Rounders" title="Rounders">rounders</a>. He began covering cricket for numerous local newspapers such as the <i>Long Island Star</i>. He first came across organized baseball in 1856 as a cricket reporter for <i><a href="/wiki/The_New_York_Times" title="The New York Times">The New York Times</a></i>, watching a match played between New York's Eagles and Gothams at the <a href="/wiki/Elysian_Fields_(Hoboken,_New_Jersey)" title="Elysian Fields (Hoboken, New Jersey)">Elysian Fields</a> in Hoboken, New Jersey.<sup id="cite_ref-HOF_11-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-HOF-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He focused his attention as a journalist and writer on baseball after joining the <i><a href="/wiki/New_York_Clipper" title="New York Clipper">New York Clipper</a></i> in 1857, and was also soon hired on to provide coverage for other New York papers including the <i><a href="/wiki/Sunday_Mercury_(New_York)" title="Sunday Mercury (New York)">Sunday Mercury</a></i>.<sup id="cite_ref-chadwick2_12-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-chadwick2-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Contributions_to_baseball">Contributions to baseball</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Henry_Chadwick_(writer)&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Contributions to baseball"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Promotion_of_the_game">Promotion of the game</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Henry_Chadwick_(writer)&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Promotion of the game"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Chadwick was one of the prime movers in the rise of baseball from the 19th century to its popularity at the turn of the 20th century. A keen amateur statistician and professional writer, he helped sculpt the public perception of the game, as well as providing the basis for the records of teams' and players' achievements in the form of <a href="/wiki/Baseball_statistics" title="Baseball statistics">baseball statistics</a>. He also served on baseball rules committees and influenced the game itself. He is sometimes referred to as "the father of baseball" because he facilitated the popularity of the sport in its early days.<sup id="cite_ref-Myth_13-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Myth-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In a more recent view, Schiff suggests that Chadwick was the father of baseball because he nurtured the sport for decades, rather than a claim to have started the American game.<sup id="cite_ref-SchiffTNP2008_2-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-SchiffTNP2008-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Early baseball had a provision known as the "bound rule", which held that a fielder could catch a batted ball on one bounce and that it would still be recorded as an out. Chadwick was an outspoken critic of the rule for many years, stating that fielders should have to catch a ball on the fly for it to count as an out. In 1864, the bound rule was eliminated for balls hit into fair territory. The bound rule for foul balls persisted into the 1880s.<sup id="cite_ref-Thorn_14-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Thorn-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Chadwick edited <i>The Beadle Dime Base-Ball Player</i>, the first annual <a href="/wiki/Baseball_Guides" title="Baseball Guides">baseball guide</a> on public sale, as well as the Spalding and Reach annual guides for a number of years and in this capacity promoted the game and influenced the infant discipline of <a href="/wiki/Sports_journalism" title="Sports journalism">sports journalism</a>. In his 1861 <i>Beadle</i> guide, he listed totals of games played, outs, runs, <a href="/wiki/Home_run" title="Home run">home runs</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Strikeout" title="Strikeout">strikeouts</a> for hitters on prominent clubs, the first database of its kind. His goal was to provide numerical evidence to prove which players helped a team to win. </p><p>In 1867, he accompanied the <a href="/wiki/Washington_Nationals_(National_Association)" title="Washington Nationals (National Association)">National Base Ball Club</a> of Washington, D.C., on their inaugural national tour, as their official scorer. The next year, Chadwick wrote the first hardcover baseball book, <i>The Game of Base Ball</i>.<sup id="cite_ref-HOF_11-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-HOF-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 1874, he was instrumental in organizing a tour of England which included games of both baseball and cricket. In his role as journalist, he campaigned against the detrimental effects on the game of both alcohol and gambling. </p><p>Despite a friendship with <a href="/wiki/Albert_Spalding" title="Albert Spalding">Albert Spalding</a>, Chadwick was scornful of the attempts to have <a href="/wiki/Abner_Doubleday" title="Abner Doubleday">Abner Doubleday</a> declared the inventor of baseball. "He means well", said Chadwick, "but he don't know". Chadwick later willed his baseball library to Spalding.<sup id="cite_ref-Corcoran_15-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Corcoran-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Author William Cook wrote that "Chadwick was at times a bit self-aggrandizing, but his heart was always deeply rooted in looking after the best interest of the game."<sup id="cite_ref-Grays_16-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Grays-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> An 1876 <i><a href="/wiki/Chicago_Tribune" title="Chicago Tribune">Chicago Tribune</a></i> article attacked Chadwick's status as the father of baseball, saying in part that Chadwick "has had enough experience to have made himself a man of respect had heaven but given him a head ... he proceeded to call himself the '"Father of the Game,' and to assume much on the strength of the title. But he found an unruly child, and one which disinherited him with rapidity and ease."<sup id="cite_ref-Grays_16-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Grays-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Cook writes that Chadwick may have been a victim of "Western journalism", a sensationalized style of writing.<sup id="cite_ref-Grays_16-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Grays-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Box_scores_and_statistics">Box scores and statistics</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Henry_Chadwick_(writer)&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Box scores and statistics"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:1876boxscore.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cc/1876boxscore.jpg/220px-1876boxscore.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="138" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cc/1876boxscore.jpg/330px-1876boxscore.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cc/1876boxscore.jpg/440px-1876boxscore.jpg 2x" data-file-width="800" data-file-height="501" /></a><figcaption> Box score from 1876</figcaption></figure> <p>Chadwick is credited with devising the baseball <a href="/wiki/Box_score_(baseball)" title="Box score (baseball)">box score</a><sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> (which he adapted from the cricket scorecard) for reporting game events. The first box score appeared in an 1859 issue of the <i>Clipper</i>. It was a grid with nine rows for players and nine columns for innings. The original box scores also created the often puzzling abbreviation for strikeout as "K" – "K" being the last letter of "struck" in "struck out".<sup id="cite_ref-NPR_18-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-NPR-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Chadwick assigned numbers to each defensive position for scorekeeping purposes, a system that remains in modern baseball scorekeeping.<sup id="cite_ref-Cemetery_19-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Cemetery-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Chadwick is credited with devising various statistical measures for baseball. He wrote in 1869: "In making up a score at the close of the match the record should be as follows:–Name of player, total number of times the first base was made by clean hits, total bases so made, left on bases after clean hits, and the number of times the first base has been made on errors..."<sup id="cite_ref-hersh_20-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-hersh-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> This led to the recording of "clean" hits—times a batter reached base without benefit of an <a href="/wiki/Error_(baseball)" title="Error (baseball)">error</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-hersh_20-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-hersh-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Further refinement by other early baseball proponents led to all <a href="/wiki/National_League_(baseball)" title="National League (baseball)">National League</a> teams calculating <a href="/wiki/Batting_average_(baseball)" title="Batting average (baseball)">batting averages</a> by 1876.<sup id="cite_ref-hersh_20-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-hersh-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Further information: <a href="/wiki/Batting_average_(baseball)#History" title="Batting average (baseball)">Batting average (baseball) § History</a></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Journalistic_style">Journalistic style</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Henry_Chadwick_(writer)&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Journalistic style"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The following description of a game was written by Henry Chadwick and appeared in his <i>Base Ball Memoranda</i>. It is typical of his style of sports journalism, and that of his time: </p> <blockquote><p>A Base Ball tourney had been held in Chicago on July 4, 1867, in which the Excelsiors of that city and the Forest City Club, of Rockford, had been the leading contestants. The former had defeated the Forest City nine in two games, by the very close scores of 45–41 in one, and 28–25 in another, when the Forest Citys were invited to meet the Nationals at Chicago on July 25, a day which proved the most notable of the tour. The contest took place at Dexter Park, before a vast crowd of spectators, the majority of whom looked to see the Nationals have almost a walk-over. In the game <a href="/wiki/Albert_Spalding" title="Albert Spalding">A. G. Spalding</a> was pitcher and <a href="/wiki/Ross_Barnes" title="Ross Barnes">Ross Barnes</a> shortstop for the Forest City nine; these two afterwards becoming famous as star players of the Boston professional team of the early seventies. Williams was pitcher for the Nationals and Frank Norton catcher. The Nationals took the lead in the first innings by 3 to 2; but in the next two innings they added but five runs to their score, while the Forest Citys added thirteen to theirs, thereby taking the lead by a score of fifteen to eight, to the great surprise of the crowd and the delight of the Rockfords. The Nationals tried hard to recover the lost ground. The final result, however, was the success of the Forest Citys by a score of 29 to 23 in a nine innings game, twice interrupted by rain.</p></blockquote> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Later_life">Later life</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Henry_Chadwick_(writer)&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Later life"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Late in life, Chadwick continued editing the <i>Spalding Base Ball Guides</i> and producing a column for the <i><a href="/wiki/Brooklyn_Daily_Eagle" class="mw-redirect" title="Brooklyn Daily Eagle">Brooklyn Daily Eagle</a></i>.<sup id="cite_ref-Schiff215_21-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Schiff215-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In late 1905, he wrote the editor of <i>The New York Times</i> to propose widening of the baseball bat to overcome the advantage that pitchers had established in the game. In his letter, Chadwick noted that some cricket experts had advocated for the narrowing of the cricket bat to bring balance to the advantage that belonged to the batter in that game.<sup id="cite_ref-Defects_22-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Defects-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In the winter before the 1908 baseball season, Chadwick was struck by an automobile and was bedridden for several weeks.<sup id="cite_ref-Schiff215_21-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Schiff215-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He recovered and attended an exhibition game at the <a href="/wiki/Polo_Grounds" title="Polo Grounds">Polo Grounds</a> the week before the season began. He caught a cold while at the game, and the illness worsened when he attended an Opening Day game at <a href="/wiki/Washington_Park_(baseball)" title="Washington Park (baseball)">Washington Park</a> in Brooklyn.<sup id="cite_ref-23" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>On April 19, Chadwick was moving furniture from the fourth floor of his apartment to the second floor when he fell unconscious. He was diagnosed with pneumonia and heart failure. He awakened briefly and asked about the game between Brooklyn and New York, but he died the next day.<sup id="cite_ref-24" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Henry Chadwick is interred at <a href="/wiki/Green-Wood_Cemetery" title="Green-Wood Cemetery">Green-Wood Cemetery</a> in Brooklyn, New York. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Legacy">Legacy</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Henry_Chadwick_(writer)&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Legacy"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>For his contributions to the game of baseball, he was elected to the <a href="/wiki/National_Baseball_Hall_of_Fame_and_Museum" title="National Baseball Hall of Fame and Museum">Baseball Hall of Fame</a> by the Veterans Committee in <a href="/wiki/1938_Baseball_Hall_of_Fame_balloting" title="1938 Baseball Hall of Fame balloting">1938</a>. He was inducted in the same ceremony as <a href="/wiki/Alexander_Cartwright" title="Alexander Cartwright">Alexander Cartwright</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Corcoran_15-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Corcoran-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 2009, the <a href="/wiki/Society_for_American_Baseball_Research" title="Society for American Baseball Research">Society for American Baseball Research</a> (SABR) established the <a href="/wiki/Henry_Chadwick_Award" class="mw-redirect" title="Henry Chadwick Award">Henry Chadwick Award</a> to honor the outstanding contributions of baseball researchers. Bill James and <a href="/wiki/John_Thorn" title="John Thorn">John Thorn</a> are among the award's recipients.<sup id="cite_ref-HCA_25-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-HCA-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>A collection of historical baseball items, which featured a letter written by Chadwick on the origins of baseball, sold at auction in 2004 for $310,500.<sup id="cite_ref-Auction_26-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Auction-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Chadwick was inducted to the <a href="/wiki/Suffolk_Sports_Hall_of_Fame" title="Suffolk Sports Hall of Fame">Suffolk Sports Hall of Fame</a> during 2020. </p><p>Chadwick, through the <a href="/wiki/Spalding_Athletic_Library" title="Spalding Athletic Library">Spalding Athletic Library</a> collection, added "The Ancient History of Base Ball" in 1867 and "Technical Terms of Base Ball" in 1897.<sup id="cite_ref-27" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-28" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Henry_Chadwick_(writer)&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist reflist-columns references-column-width" style="column-width: 25em;"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-Birkett-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Birkett_1-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFBirkett2015" class="citation news cs1">Birkett, Andy (July 6, 2015). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-england-devon-33239318">"The Englishman dubbed 'the father of baseball'<span class="cs1-kern-right"></span>"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/BBC_News" title="BBC News">BBC News</a></i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">July 6,</span> 2015</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=BBC+News&rft.atitle=The+Englishman+dubbed+%27the+father+of+baseball%27&rft.date=2015-07-06&rft.aulast=Birkett&rft.aufirst=Andy&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.bbc.co.uk%2Fnews%2Fuk-england-devon-33239318&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHenry+Chadwick+%28writer%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-SchiffTNP2008-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-SchiffTNP2008_2-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-SchiffTNP2008_2-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSchiff2008" class="citation journal cs1">Schiff, Andrew (2008). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://sabr.org/journal/article/henry-chadwick-the-father-of-baseball-was-a-sportswriter/">"Henry Chadwick: The 'Father of Baseball' was a Sportswriter"</a>. <i>The National Pastime</i>. <b>28</b><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">February 28,</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+National+Pastime&rft.atitle=Henry+Chadwick%3A+The+%27Father+of+Baseball%27+was+a+Sportswriter&rft.volume=28&rft.date=2008&rft.aulast=Schiff&rft.aufirst=Andrew&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fsabr.org%2Fjournal%2Farticle%2Fhenry-chadwick-the-father-of-baseball-was-a-sportswriter%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHenry+Chadwick+%28writer%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Schiff, p. 24.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Schiff, p. 25.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Vaughn-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Vaughn_5-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFVaughn2007" class="citation book cs1">Vaughn, Stephen, ed. (2007). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=R6ySAgAAQBAJ&pg=PA89"><i>Encyclopedia of American Journalism</i></a>. Routledge. p. 89. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1135880200" title="Special:BookSources/978-1135880200"><bdi>978-1135880200</bdi></a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">November 8,</span> 2014</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Encyclopedia+of+American+Journalism&rft.pages=89&rft.pub=Routledge&rft.date=2007&rft.isbn=978-1135880200&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DR6ySAgAAQBAJ%26pg%3DPA89&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHenry+Chadwick+%28writer%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Schiff, pp. 27–29.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Schiff, p. 26.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Take-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Take_8-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMcGuiggan2009" class="citation book cs1">McGuiggan, Amy W. (2009). <span class="id-lock-registration" title="Free registration required"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/takemeouttoballg00amyw"><i>Take Me Out to the Ball Game: The Story of the Sensational Baseball Song</i></a></span>. <a href="/wiki/University_of_Nebraska_Press" title="University of Nebraska Press">University of Nebraska Press</a>. p. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/takemeouttoballg00amyw/page/3">3</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0803218918" title="Special:BookSources/978-0803218918"><bdi>978-0803218918</bdi></a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">November 8,</span> 2014</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Take+Me+Out+to+the+Ball+Game%3A+The+Story+of+the+Sensational+Baseball+Song&rft.pages=3&rft.pub=University+of+Nebraska+Press&rft.date=2009&rft.isbn=978-0803218918&rft.aulast=McGuiggan&rft.aufirst=Amy+W.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Ftakemeouttoballg00amyw&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHenry+Chadwick+%28writer%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Swanson-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Swanson_9-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSwanson2014" class="citation book cs1">Swanson, Ryan A. (2014). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=9uAoAwAAQBAJ&pg=PA207"><i>When Baseball Went White: Reconstruction, Reconciliation, and Dreams of a National Pastime</i></a>. <a href="/wiki/University_of_Nebraska_Press" title="University of Nebraska Press">University of Nebraska Press</a>. p. 207. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0803255173" title="Special:BookSources/978-0803255173"><bdi>978-0803255173</bdi></a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">November 8,</span> 2014</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=When+Baseball+Went+White%3A+Reconstruction%2C+Reconciliation%2C+and+Dreams+of+a+National+Pastime&rft.pages=207&rft.pub=University+of+Nebraska+Press&rft.date=2014&rft.isbn=978-0803255173&rft.aulast=Swanson&rft.aufirst=Ryan+A.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D9uAoAwAAQBAJ%26pg%3DPA207&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHenry+Chadwick+%28writer%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Cousins-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Cousins_10-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGoode2009" class="citation book cs1">Goode, G. Brown (2009). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=xkf5LOaBKEMC&pg=PA365"><i>Virginia Cousins</i></a>. Genealogical Publishing Company. p. 365. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0806351735" title="Special:BookSources/978-0806351735"><bdi>978-0806351735</bdi></a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">November 8,</span> 2014</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Virginia+Cousins&rft.pages=365&rft.pub=Genealogical+Publishing+Company&rft.date=2009&rft.isbn=978-0806351735&rft.aulast=Goode&rft.aufirst=G.+Brown&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3Dxkf5LOaBKEMC%26pg%3DPA365&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHenry+Chadwick+%28writer%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-HOF-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-HOF_11-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-HOF_11-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://baseballhall.org/hof/chadwick-henry">"Chadwick, Henry"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Baseball_Hall_of_Fame" class="mw-redirect" title="Baseball Hall of Fame">Baseball Hall of Fame</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">March 8,</span> 2014</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Chadwick%2C+Henry&rft.pub=Baseball+Hall+of+Fame&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fbaseballhall.org%2Fhof%2Fchadwick-henry&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHenry+Chadwick+%28writer%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-chadwick2-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-chadwick2_12-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Spink, Alfred Henry. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=TV-t-HQE3uoC&dq=%22sunday+mercury%22+baseball+cauldwell&pg=PA356">The national game</a>, p. 356 (1911)</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Myth-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Myth_13-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFArango2010" class="citation news cs1">Arango, Tim (November 12, 2010). <span class="id-lock-subscription" title="Paid subscription required"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/2010/11/13/sports/baseball/13doubleday.html">"Myth of baseball's creation endures, with a prominent fan"</a></span>. <i><a href="/wiki/The_New_York_Times" title="The New York Times">The New York Times</a></i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20220103/https://www.nytimes.com/2010/11/13/sports/baseball/13doubleday.html">Archived</a> from the original on January 3, 2022<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">November 8,</span> 2014</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=Myth+of+baseball%27s+creation+endures%2C+with+a+prominent+fan&rft.date=2010-11-12&rft.aulast=Arango&rft.aufirst=Tim&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F2010%2F11%2F13%2Fsports%2Fbaseball%2F13doubleday.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHenry+Chadwick+%28writer%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Thorn-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Thorn_14-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFThorn" class="citation web cs1">Thorn, John. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://ourgame.mlblogs.com/2011/10/06/the-knickerbocker-rules/">"The Knickerbocker Rules—and the Long History of the One-Bounce Fielding Rule"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Major_League_Baseball" title="Major League Baseball">Major League Baseball</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">November 8,</span> 2014</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=The+Knickerbocker+Rules%E2%80%94and+the+Long+History+of+the+One-Bounce+Fielding+Rule&rft.pub=Major+League+Baseball&rft.aulast=Thorn&rft.aufirst=John&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fourgame.mlblogs.com%2F2011%2F10%2F06%2Fthe-knickerbocker-rules%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHenry+Chadwick+%28writer%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Corcoran-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Corcoran_15-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Corcoran_15-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCorcoran2010" class="citation book cs1">Corcoran, Dennis (2010). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=3dF2PsAeDeYC&pg=PA26"><i>Induction Day at Cooperstown: A History of the Baseball Hall of Fame Ceremony</i></a>. McFarland. p. 26. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0786491476" title="Special:BookSources/978-0786491476"><bdi>978-0786491476</bdi></a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">November 8,</span> 2014</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Induction+Day+at+Cooperstown%3A+A+History+of+the+Baseball+Hall+of+Fame+Ceremony&rft.pages=26&rft.pub=McFarland&rft.date=2010&rft.isbn=978-0786491476&rft.aulast=Corcoran&rft.aufirst=Dennis&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D3dF2PsAeDeYC%26pg%3DPA26&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHenry+Chadwick+%28writer%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Grays-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Grays_16-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Grays_16-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Grays_16-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCook2005" class="citation book cs1">Cook, William A. (2005). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=CrdqAwAAQBAJ&pg=PA170"><i>The Louisville Grays Scandal of 1877: The Taint of Gambling at the Dawn of the National League</i></a>. McFarland. p. 169. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/1476616396" title="Special:BookSources/1476616396"><bdi>1476616396</bdi></a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">November 8,</span> 2014</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Louisville+Grays+Scandal+of+1877%3A+The+Taint+of+Gambling+at+the+Dawn+of+the+National+League&rft.pages=169&rft.pub=McFarland&rft.date=2005&rft.isbn=1476616396&rft.aulast=Cook&rft.aufirst=William+A.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DCrdqAwAAQBAJ%26pg%3DPA170&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHenry+Chadwick+%28writer%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-17">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">His Hall of Fame plaque states, in part: "Inventor of the box score. Author of the first rule-book ... Chairman of rules committee in first nationwide baseball organization." Lederer, Rich. <i>By the Numbers: Computer technology has deepened fans' passion with the game's statistics. Memories and Dreams</i> (Vol. 33, No. 6; Winter 2011[–2012], pp. 32–34). <a href="/wiki/National_Baseball_Hall_of_Fame" class="mw-redirect" title="National Baseball Hall of Fame">National Baseball Hall of Fame</a> official magazine.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-NPR-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-NPR_18-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPesca2009" class="citation web cs1">Pesca, Mike (July 30, 2009). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.npr.org/templates/story/story.php?storyId=106891539">"The Man Who Made Baseball's Box Score A Hit"</a>. <a href="/wiki/NPR" title="NPR">NPR</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">March 8,</span> 2014</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=The+Man+Who+Made+Baseball%27s+Box+Score+A+Hit&rft.pub=NPR&rft.date=2009-07-30&rft.aulast=Pesca&rft.aufirst=Mike&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.npr.org%2Ftemplates%2Fstory%2Fstory.php%3FstoryId%3D106891539&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHenry+Chadwick+%28writer%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Cemetery-19"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Cemetery_19-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.green-wood.com/2010/famous-resident-henry-chadwick/">"Famous Resident: Henry Chadwick"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Green-Wood_Cemetery" title="Green-Wood Cemetery">Green-Wood Cemetery</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">November 8,</span> 2014</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Famous+Resident%3A+Henry+Chadwick&rft.pub=Green-Wood+Cemetery&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.green-wood.com%2F2010%2Ffamous-resident-henry-chadwick%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHenry+Chadwick+%28writer%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-hersh-20"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-hersh_20-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-hersh_20-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-hersh_20-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHershberger2018" class="citation web cs1">Hershberger, Richard (2018). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://sabr.org/journal/article/how-bases-on-balls-were-scored-1864-1888/">"How Bases on Balls were Scored: 1864–1888"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Society_for_American_Baseball_Research" title="Society for American Baseball Research">Society for American Baseball Research</a></i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">April 6,</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Society+for+American+Baseball+Research&rft.atitle=How+Bases+on+Balls+were+Scored%3A+1864%E2%80%931888&rft.date=2018&rft.aulast=Hershberger&rft.aufirst=Richard&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fsabr.org%2Fjournal%2Farticle%2Fhow-bases-on-balls-were-scored-1864-1888%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHenry+Chadwick+%28writer%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Schiff215-21"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Schiff215_21-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Schiff215_21-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Schiff, p. 215.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Defects-22"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Defects_22-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFChadwick1905" class="citation news cs1">Chadwick, Henry (October 13, 1905). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://timesmachine.nytimes.com/timesmachine/1905/10/14/101760290.pdf">"Defects in baseball rules"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <i><a href="/wiki/The_New_York_Times" title="The New York Times">The New York Times</a></i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">March 8,</span> 2014</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=Defects+in+baseball+rules&rft.date=1905-10-13&rft.aulast=Chadwick&rft.aufirst=Henry&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Ftimesmachine.nytimes.com%2Ftimesmachine%2F1905%2F10%2F14%2F101760290.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHenry+Chadwick+%28writer%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-23"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-23">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Schiff, p. 219.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-24"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-24">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Schiff, pp. 219–20.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-HCA-25"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-HCA_25-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://sabr.org/about/henry-chadwick-award">"Henry Chadwick Award"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Society_for_American_Baseball_Research" title="Society for American Baseball Research">Society for American Baseball Research</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">March 8,</span> 2014</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Henry+Chadwick+Award&rft.pub=Society+for+American+Baseball+Research&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fsabr.org%2Fabout%2Fhenry-chadwick-award&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHenry+Chadwick+%28writer%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Auction-26"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Auction_26-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20141108192650/http://www.robertedwardauctions.com/auction/2004/469.html">"1907 Henry Chadwick 'The Graves Fraud Letter' and "Origins of Baseball" Collection"</a>. Robert Ward Auctions. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.robertedwardauctions.com/auction/2004/469.html">the original</a> on November 8, 2014<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">November 8,</span> 2014</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=1907+Henry+Chadwick+%27The+Graves+Fraud+Letter%27+and+%22Origins+of+Baseball%22+Collection&rft.pub=Robert+Ward+Auctions&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.robertedwardauctions.com%2Fauction%2F2004%2F469.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHenry+Chadwick+%28writer%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-27"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-27">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">SABR, Martin Hoerchner, May 1996. <a rel="nofollow" class="external autonumber" href="http://chapters.sabr.org/uk/sabr-uk-examiner/12-examiner-7-may-1996/39-chadwick-explains-baseballs-roots//">[1]</a> Retrieved Feb 11, 2021</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-28"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-28">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">The New Dickson Baseball Dictionary: A Cyclopedic Reference. <a rel="nofollow" class="external autonumber" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=afQVWhAm1TEC&q=Chadwick+Technical+Terms+of+Baseball%2F%2F&pg=PA71">[2]</a> Retrieved Feb 11, 2021</span> </li> </ol></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Bibliography">Bibliography</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Henry_Chadwick_(writer)&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Bibliography"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>Tygiel, Jules. <i>Past Time</i>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alan_Schwarz" title="Alan Schwarz">Schwarz, Alan</a> (2004). <i>The Numbers Game: Baseball's Lifelong Fascination With Statistics</i>. New York: Thomas Dunne Books.</li> <li>Schiff, Andrew (2008). <i>"The Father of Baseball": A Biography of Henry Chadwick</i>. Jefferson, North Carolina: McFarland.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Henry_Chadwick_(writer)&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1235681985">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #aaa;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em;background-color:var(--background-color-interactive-subtle,#f8f9fa);display:flow-root}.mw-parser-output .side-box-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{padding:0.25em 0.9em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-image{padding:2px 0 2px 0.9em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-imageright{padding:2px 0.9em 2px 0;text-align:center}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output 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class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/92/Baseball.svg/42px-Baseball.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/92/Baseball.svg/56px-Baseball.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="520" data-file-height="520" /></span></span></span><span class="portalbox-link"><a href="/wiki/Portal:Baseball" title="Portal:Baseball">Baseball portal</a></span></li></ul> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://baseballhall.org/hall-of-famers/chadwick-henry">Henry Chadwick</a> at the <a href="/wiki/National_Baseball_Hall_of_Fame_and_Museum" title="National Baseball Hall of Fame and Museum">Baseball Hall of Fame</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://stewthornley.net/halloffamegraves.html">Hall of Fame graves</a> – Gravesites of Baseball Hall of Famers</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.gutenberg.org/ebooks/author/3069">Works by Henry Chadwick</a> at <a href="/wiki/Project_Gutenberg" title="Project Gutenberg">Project Gutenberg</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/search.php?query=%28%28subject%3A%22Chadwick%2C%20Henry%22%20OR%20subject%3A%22Henry%20Chadwick%22%20OR%20creator%3A%22Chadwick%2C%20Henry%22%20OR%20creator%3A%22Henry%20Chadwick%22%20OR%20title%3A%22Henry%20Chadwick%22%20OR%20description%3A%22Chadwick%2C%20Henry%22%20OR%20description%3A%22Henry%20Chadwick%22%29%20OR%20%28%221824-1908%22%20AND%20Chadwick%29%29%20AND%20%28-mediatype:software%29">Works by or about Henry Chadwick</a> at the <a href="/wiki/Internet_Archive" title="Internet Archive">Internet Archive</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.baseballchronology.com/Baseball/Books/Classic/Chadwick_Game_of_Baseball/">The Game of Base Ball (1868)</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20080705154539/http://www.baseballchronology.com/Baseball/Books/Classic/Chadwick_Game_of_Baseball/">Archived</a> July 5, 2008, at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> – Complete text of Chadwick's 1868 book</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://bleacherreport.com/articles/11358-MLB-Book_Review_Andrew_Schiff_s_The_Father_of_Baseball_Hits_a_Home_Run_-280208">Review of "The Father of Baseball: A Biography of Henry Chadwick"</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://lccn.loc.gov/n83153121">Henry Chadwick</a> at <a href="/wiki/Library_of_Congress" title="Library of Congress">Library of Congress</a>, with 22 library catalog records</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.green-wood.com/burial_results/index.php">Green-Wood Cemetery Burial Search</a></li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><style 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Johnson</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Walter_Johnson" title="Walter Johnson">W. Johnson</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Addie_Joss" title="Addie Joss">Joss</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Jim_Kaat" title="Jim Kaat">Kaat</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Tim_Keefe" title="Tim Keefe">Keefe</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Sandy_Koufax" title="Sandy Koufax">Koufax</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Bob_Lemon" title="Bob Lemon">Lemon</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Ted_Lyons" title="Ted Lyons">Lyons</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Greg_Maddux" title="Greg Maddux">Maddux</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Juan_Marichal" title="Juan Marichal">Marichal</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Rube_Marquard" title="Rube Marquard">Marquard</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Pedro_Mart%C3%ADnez" title="Pedro Martínez">P. Martínez</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Christy_Mathewson" title="Christy Mathewson">Mathewson</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Joe_McGinnity" title="Joe McGinnity">McGinnity</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Jos%C3%A9_M%C3%A9ndez" title="José Méndez">Méndez</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Jack_Morris" title="Jack Morris">Morris</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Mike_Mussina" title="Mike Mussina">Mussina</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Hal_Newhouser" title="Hal Newhouser">Newhouser</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Kid_Nichols" title="Kid Nichols">Nichols</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Phil_Niekro" title="Phil Niekro">Niekro</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Satchel_Paige" title="Satchel Paige">Paige</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Jim_Palmer" title="Jim Palmer">Palmer</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Herb_Pennock" title="Herb Pennock">Pennock</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Gaylord_Perry" title="Gaylord Perry">Perry</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Eddie_Plank" title="Eddie Plank">Plank</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Charles_Radbourn" title="Charles Radbourn">Radbourn</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Mariano_Rivera" title="Mariano Rivera">Rivera</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Eppa_Rixey" title="Eppa Rixey">Rixey</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Robin_Roberts_(baseball)" title="Robin Roberts (baseball)">Roberts</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Bullet_Rogan" title="Bullet Rogan">Rogan</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Red_Ruffing" title="Red Ruffing">Ruffing</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Amos_Rusie" title="Amos Rusie">Rusie</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Nolan_Ryan" title="Nolan Ryan">Ryan</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Tom_Seaver" title="Tom Seaver">Seaver</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Hilton_Smith" title="Hilton Smith">H. Smith</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Lee_Smith_(baseball)" title="Lee Smith (baseball)">L. Smith</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/John_Smoltz" title="John Smoltz">Smoltz</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Warren_Spahn" title="Warren Spahn">Spahn</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Bruce_Sutter" title="Bruce Sutter">Sutter</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Don_Sutton" title="Don Sutton">Sutton</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Dazzy_Vance" title="Dazzy Vance">Vance</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Rube_Waddell" title="Rube Waddell">Waddell</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Ed_Walsh" title="Ed Walsh">Walsh</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Mickey_Welch" title="Mickey Welch">Welch</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Hoyt_Wilhelm" title="Hoyt Wilhelm">Wilhelm</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Smokey_Joe_Williams" title="Smokey Joe Williams">J. Williams</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Vic_Willis" title="Vic Willis">Willis</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Early_Wynn" title="Early Wynn">Wynn</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Cy_Young" title="Cy Young">Young</a></span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Catchers</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Johnny_Bench" title="Johnny Bench">Bench</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Yogi_Berra" title="Yogi Berra">Berra</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Roger_Bresnahan" title="Roger Bresnahan">Bresnahan</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Roy_Campanella" title="Roy Campanella">Campanella</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Gary_Carter" title="Gary Carter">Carter</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Mickey_Cochrane" title="Mickey Cochrane">Cochrane</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Bill_Dickey" title="Bill Dickey">Dickey</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Buck_Ewing" title="Buck Ewing">Ewing</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Rick_Ferrell" title="Rick Ferrell">Ferrell</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Carlton_Fisk" title="Carlton Fisk">Fisk</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Josh_Gibson" title="Josh Gibson">J. Gibson</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Gabby_Hartnett" title="Gabby Hartnett">Hartnett</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Ernie_Lombardi" title="Ernie Lombardi">Lombardi</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Biz_Mackey" title="Biz Mackey">Mackey</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Joe_Mauer" title="Joe Mauer">Mauer</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Mike_Piazza" title="Mike Piazza">Piazza</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Iv%C3%A1n_Rodr%C3%ADguez" title="Iván Rodríguez">Rodríguez</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Louis_Santop" title="Louis Santop">Santop</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Ray_Schalk" title="Ray Schalk">Schalk</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Ted_Simmons" title="Ted Simmons">T. Simmons</a></span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">First basemen</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Cap_Anson" title="Cap Anson">Anson</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Jeff_Bagwell" title="Jeff Bagwell">Bagwell</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Jake_Beckley" title="Jake Beckley">Beckley</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Jim_Bottomley" title="Jim Bottomley">Bottomley</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Dan_Brouthers" title="Dan Brouthers">Brouthers</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Orlando_Cepeda" title="Orlando Cepeda">Cepeda</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Frank_Chance" title="Frank Chance">Chance</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Roger_Connor" title="Roger Connor">Connor</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Jimmie_Foxx" title="Jimmie Foxx">Foxx</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Lou_Gehrig" title="Lou Gehrig">Gehrig</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Hank_Greenberg" title="Hank Greenberg">Greenberg</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Todd_Helton" title="Todd Helton">Helton</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Gil_Hodges" title="Gil Hodges">Hodges</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/George_Kelly_(baseball)" title="George Kelly (baseball)">G. Kelly</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Harmon_Killebrew" title="Harmon Killebrew">Killebrew</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Buck_Leonard" title="Buck Leonard">Leonard</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Willie_McCovey" title="Willie McCovey">McCovey</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Fred_McGriff" title="Fred McGriff">McGriff</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Johnny_Mize" title="Johnny Mize">Mize</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Eddie_Murray" title="Eddie Murray">Murray</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Tony_P%C3%A9rez" title="Tony Pérez">Pérez</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/George_Sisler" title="George Sisler">Sisler</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Mule_Suttles" title="Mule Suttles">Suttles</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Ben_Taylor_(first_baseman,_born_1888)" title="Ben Taylor (first baseman, born 1888)">Taylor</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Bill_Terry" title="Bill Terry">Terry</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Frank_Thomas_(designated_hitter)" title="Frank Thomas (designated hitter)">Thomas</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Jim_Thome" title="Jim Thome">Thome</a></span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Second basemen</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Roberto_Alomar" title="Roberto Alomar">Alomar</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Craig_Biggio" title="Craig Biggio">Biggio</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Rod_Carew" title="Rod Carew">Carew</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Eddie_Collins" title="Eddie Collins">E. Collins</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Bobby_Doerr" title="Bobby Doerr">Doerr</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Johnny_Evers" title="Johnny Evers">Evers</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Nellie_Fox" title="Nellie Fox">Fox</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Frankie_Frisch" title="Frankie Frisch">Frisch</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Charlie_Gehringer" title="Charlie Gehringer">Gehringer</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Joe_Gordon" title="Joe Gordon">Gordon</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Billy_Herman" title="Billy Herman">Herman</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Rogers_Hornsby" title="Rogers Hornsby">Hornsby</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Nap_Lajoie" title="Nap Lajoie">Lajoie</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Tony_Lazzeri" title="Tony Lazzeri">Lazzeri</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Bill_Mazeroski" title="Bill Mazeroski">Mazeroski</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Bid_McPhee" title="Bid McPhee">McPhee</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Joe_Morgan" title="Joe Morgan">Morgan</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Jackie_Robinson" title="Jackie Robinson">J. Robinson</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Ryne_Sandberg" title="Ryne Sandberg">Sandberg</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Red_Schoendienst" title="Red Schoendienst">Schoendienst</a></span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Third basemen</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Home_Run_Baker" title="Home Run Baker">Baker</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Adri%C3%A1n_Beltr%C3%A9" title="Adrián Beltré">Beltré</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Wade_Boggs" title="Wade Boggs">Boggs</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/George_Brett" title="George Brett">Brett</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Jimmy_Collins" title="Jimmy Collins">J. Collins</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Ray_Dandridge" title="Ray Dandridge">Dandridge</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Judy_Johnson" title="Judy Johnson">J. Johnson</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Chipper_Jones" title="Chipper Jones">Jones</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/George_Kell" title="George Kell">Kell</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Freddie_Lindstrom" title="Freddie Lindstrom">Lindstrom</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Eddie_Mathews" title="Eddie Mathews">Mathews</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Paul_Molitor" title="Paul Molitor">Molitor</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Brooks_Robinson" title="Brooks Robinson">B. Robinson</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Scott_Rolen" title="Scott Rolen">Rolen</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Ron_Santo" title="Ron Santo">Santo</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Mike_Schmidt" title="Mike Schmidt">Schmidt</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Pie_Traynor" title="Pie Traynor">Traynor</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Deacon_White" title="Deacon White">D. White</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Jud_Wilson" title="Jud Wilson">J. Wilson</a></span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Shortstops</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Luis_Aparicio" title="Luis Aparicio">Aparicio</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Luke_Appling" title="Luke Appling">Appling</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Dave_Bancroft" title="Dave Bancroft">Bancroft</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Ernie_Banks" title="Ernie Banks">Banks</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Lou_Boudreau" title="Lou Boudreau">Boudreau</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Joe_Cronin" title="Joe Cronin">Cronin</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/George_Davis_(baseball)" title="George Davis (baseball)">Davis</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Travis_Jackson" title="Travis Jackson">T. Jackson</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Hughie_Jennings" title="Hughie Jennings">Jennings</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Derek_Jeter" title="Derek Jeter">Jeter</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Barry_Larkin" title="Barry Larkin">Larkin</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/John_Henry_Lloyd" title="John Henry Lloyd">Lloyd</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Rabbit_Maranville" title="Rabbit Maranville">Maranville</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Pee_Wee_Reese" title="Pee Wee Reese">Reese</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Cal_Ripken_Jr." title="Cal Ripken Jr.">Ripken Jr.</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Phil_Rizzuto" title="Phil Rizzuto">Rizzuto</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Joe_Sewell" title="Joe Sewell">Sewell</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Ozzie_Smith" title="Ozzie Smith">O. Smith</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Joe_Tinker" title="Joe Tinker">Tinker</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Alan_Trammell" title="Alan Trammell">Trammell</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Arky_Vaughan" title="Arky Vaughan">Vaughan</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Honus_Wagner" title="Honus Wagner">Wagner</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Bobby_Wallace_(baseball)" title="Bobby Wallace (baseball)">Wallace</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/John_Montgomery_Ward" title="John Montgomery Ward">Ward</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Willie_Wells" title="Willie Wells">Wells</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Robin_Yount" title="Robin Yount">Yount</a></span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Left fielders</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Lou_Brock" title="Lou Brock">Brock</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Jesse_Burkett" title="Jesse Burkett">Burkett</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Fred_Clarke" title="Fred Clarke">Clarke</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Ed_Delahanty" title="Ed Delahanty">Delahanty</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Goose_Goslin" title="Goose Goslin">Goslin</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Chick_Hafey" title="Chick Hafey">Hafey</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Rickey_Henderson" title="Rickey Henderson">Henderson</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Monte_Irvin" title="Monte Irvin">Irvin</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Joe_Kelley" title="Joe Kelley">Kelley</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Ralph_Kiner" title="Ralph Kiner">Kiner</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Heinie_Manush" title="Heinie Manush">Manush</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Joe_Medwick" title="Joe Medwick">Medwick</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Minnie_Mi%C3%B1oso" title="Minnie Miñoso">Miñoso</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Stan_Musial" title="Stan Musial">Musial</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Jim_O%27Rourke_(baseball)" title="Jim O'Rourke (baseball)">O'Rourke</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Tim_Raines" title="Tim Raines">Raines</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Jim_Rice" title="Jim Rice">J. Rice</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Al_Simmons" title="Al Simmons">A. Simmons</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Willie_Stargell" title="Willie Stargell">Stargell</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Zack_Wheat" title="Zack Wheat">Wheat</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Billy_Williams" title="Billy Williams">B. Williams</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Ted_Williams" title="Ted Williams">T. Williams</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Carl_Yastrzemski" title="Carl Yastrzemski">Yastrzemski</a></span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Center fielders</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Richie_Ashburn" title="Richie Ashburn">Ashburn</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Earl_Averill" title="Earl Averill">Averill</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Cool_Papa_Bell" title="Cool Papa Bell">Bell</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Willard_Brown" title="Willard Brown">W. Brown</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Max_Carey" title="Max Carey">Carey</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Oscar_Charleston" title="Oscar Charleston">Charleston</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Ty_Cobb" title="Ty Cobb">Cobb</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Earle_Combs" title="Earle Combs">Combs</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Joe_DiMaggio" title="Joe DiMaggio">DiMaggio</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Larry_Doby" title="Larry Doby">Doby</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Hugh_Duffy" title="Hugh Duffy">Duffy</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Ken_Griffey_Jr." title="Ken Griffey Jr.">Griffey Jr.</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Billy_Hamilton_(baseball,_born_1866)" title="Billy Hamilton (baseball, born 1866)">Hamilton</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Pete_Hill" title="Pete Hill">Hill</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Mickey_Mantle" title="Mickey Mantle">Mantle</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Willie_Mays" title="Willie Mays">Mays</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Kirby_Puckett" title="Kirby Puckett">Puckett</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Edd_Roush" title="Edd Roush">Roush</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Duke_Snider" title="Duke Snider">Snider</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Tris_Speaker" title="Tris Speaker">Speaker</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Turkey_Stearnes" title="Turkey Stearnes">Stearnes</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Crist%C3%B3bal_Torriente" title="Cristóbal Torriente">Torriente</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Lloyd_Waner" title="Lloyd Waner">L. Waner</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Hack_Wilson" title="Hack Wilson">H. Wilson</a></span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Right fielders</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Hank_Aaron" title="Hank Aaron">Aaron</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Roberto_Clemente" title="Roberto Clemente">Clemente</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Sam_Crawford" title="Sam Crawford">Crawford</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Kiki_Cuyler" title="Kiki Cuyler">Cuyler</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Andre_Dawson" title="Andre Dawson">Dawson</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Elmer_Flick" title="Elmer Flick">Flick</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Vladimir_Guerrero" title="Vladimir Guerrero">Guerrero</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Tony_Gwynn" title="Tony Gwynn">Gwynn</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Harry_Heilmann" title="Harry Heilmann">Heilmann</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Harry_Hooper" title="Harry Hooper">Hooper</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Reggie_Jackson" title="Reggie Jackson">R. Jackson</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Al_Kaline" title="Al Kaline">Kaline</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Willie_Keeler" title="Willie Keeler">Keeler</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/King_Kelly" title="King Kelly">K. Kelly</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Chuck_Klein" title="Chuck Klein">Klein</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Tommy_McCarthy_(baseball)" title="Tommy McCarthy (baseball)">T. McCarthy</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Tony_Oliva" title="Tony Oliva">Oliva</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Mel_Ott" title="Mel Ott">Ott</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Sam_Rice" title="Sam Rice">S. Rice</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Frank_Robinson" title="Frank Robinson">F. Robinson</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Babe_Ruth" title="Babe Ruth">Ruth</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Enos_Slaughter" title="Enos Slaughter">Slaughter</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Sam_Thompson_(outfielder)" title="Sam Thompson (outfielder)">Thompson</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Larry_Walker" title="Larry Walker">Walker</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Paul_Waner" title="Paul Waner">P. Waner</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Dave_Winfield" title="Dave Winfield">Winfield</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Ross_Youngs" title="Ross Youngs">Youngs</a></span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Designated hitters</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Harold_Baines" title="Harold Baines">Baines</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Edgar_Mart%C3%ADnez" title="Edgar Martínez">E. Martínez</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/David_Ortiz" title="David Ortiz">Ortiz</a></span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Managers</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Walter_Alston" title="Walter Alston">Alston</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Sparky_Anderson" title="Sparky Anderson">Anderson</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Bobby_Cox" title="Bobby Cox">Cox</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Leo_Durocher" title="Leo Durocher">Durocher</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Rube_Foster" title="Rube Foster">R. Foster</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Ned_Hanlon_(baseball)" title="Ned Hanlon (baseball)">Hanlon</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Bucky_Harris" title="Bucky Harris">Harris</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Whitey_Herzog" title="Whitey Herzog">Herzog</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Miller_Huggins" title="Miller Huggins">Huggins</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Tony_La_Russa" title="Tony La Russa">La Russa</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Tommy_Lasorda" title="Tommy Lasorda">Lasorda</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Jim_Leyland" title="Jim Leyland">Leyland</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Al_L%C3%B3pez" title="Al López">López</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Connie_Mack" title="Connie Mack">Mack</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Joe_McCarthy_(baseball_manager)" title="Joe McCarthy (baseball manager)">J. McCarthy</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/John_McGraw" title="John McGraw">McGraw</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Bill_McKechnie" title="Bill McKechnie">McKechnie</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Wilbert_Robinson" title="Wilbert Robinson">W. Robinson</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Frank_Selee" title="Frank Selee">Selee</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Billy_Southworth" title="Billy Southworth">Southworth</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Casey_Stengel" title="Casey Stengel">Stengel</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Joe_Torre" title="Joe Torre">Torre</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Earl_Weaver" title="Earl Weaver">Weaver</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Dick_Williams" title="Dick Williams">D. Williams</a></span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Executives<br />and pioneers</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Ed_Barrow" title="Ed Barrow">Barrow</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Morgan_Bulkeley" title="Morgan Bulkeley">Bulkeley</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Alexander_Cartwright" title="Alexander Cartwright">Cartwright</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Chadwick</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Happy_Chandler" title="Happy Chandler">Chandler</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Charles_Comiskey" title="Charles Comiskey">Comiskey</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Candy_Cummings" title="Candy Cummings">Cummings</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Barney_Dreyfuss" title="Barney Dreyfuss">Dreyfuss</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Bud_Fowler" title="Bud Fowler">Fowler</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Ford_Frick" title="Ford Frick">Frick</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Warren_Giles" title="Warren Giles">Giles</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Pat_Gillick" title="Pat Gillick">Gillick</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Frank_Grant_(baseball)" title="Frank Grant (baseball)">Grant</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Clark_Griffith" title="Clark Griffith">Griffith</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Will_Harridge" title="Will Harridge">Harridge</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/William_Hulbert" title="William Hulbert">Hulbert</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Ban_Johnson" title="Ban Johnson">B. Johnson</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Bowie_Kuhn" title="Bowie Kuhn">Kuhn</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Kenesaw_Mountain_Landis" title="Kenesaw Mountain Landis">Landis</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Larry_MacPhail" title="Larry MacPhail">La. MacPhail</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Lee_MacPhail" title="Lee MacPhail">Le. MacPhail</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Effa_Manley" title="Effa Manley">Manley</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Marvin_Miller" title="Marvin Miller">Miller</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Walter_O%27Malley" title="Walter O'Malley">O'Malley</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Buck_O%27Neil" title="Buck O'Neil">O'Neil</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Alex_Pompez" title="Alex Pompez">Pompez</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Cumberland_Posey" title="Cumberland Posey">Posey</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Branch_Rickey" title="Branch Rickey">Rickey</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Jacob_Ruppert" title="Jacob Ruppert">Ruppert</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/John_Schuerholz" title="John Schuerholz">Schuerholz</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Bud_Selig" title="Bud Selig">Selig</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Albert_Spalding" title="Albert Spalding">Spalding</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Bill_Veeck" title="Bill Veeck">Veeck</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/George_Weiss_(baseball)" title="George Weiss (baseball)">Weiss</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Sol_White" title="Sol White">S. White</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/J._L._Wilkinson" title="J. L. Wilkinson">Wilkinson</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/George_Wright_(sportsman)" title="George Wright (sportsman)">G. Wright</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Harry_Wright" title="Harry Wright">H. Wright</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Tom_Yawkey" title="Tom Yawkey">Yawkey</a></span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Umpires</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Al_Barlick" title="Al Barlick">Barlick</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Nestor_Chylak" title="Nestor Chylak">Chylak</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Jocko_Conlan" title="Jocko Conlan">Conlan</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Tom_Connolly_(umpire)" title="Tom Connolly (umpire)">Connolly</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Billy_Evans" title="Billy Evans">Evans</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Doug_Harvey_(umpire)" title="Doug Harvey (umpire)">Harvey</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Cal_Hubbard" title="Cal Hubbard">Hubbard</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Bill_Klem" title="Bill Klem">Klem</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Bill_McGowan" title="Bill McGowan">McGowan</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Hank_O%27Day" title="Hank O'Day">O'Day</a></span></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox authority-control" aria-labelledby="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q864938#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" 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