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Biographie de SUÉTONE (70 env.-env. 140) - Encyclopædia Universalis
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Caius Suetonius Tranquillus est tenu pour l'un des principaux historiens de langue latine, alors qu'il fut en..." /> <meta name="robots" content="index, all, follow" /> <meta name="viewport" content="viewport-fit=cover, width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0, minimum-scale=1.0" /> <meta name="author" content="Encyclopædia Universalis" /> <meta property="og:title" content="Biographie de SUÉTONE (70 env.-env. 140)" /> <meta property="og:description" content="Biographie de SUÉTONE (70 env.-env. 140). Caius Suetonius Tranquillus est tenu pour l'un des principaux historiens de langue latine, alors qu'il fut en réalité un biographe, et ne toucha à l'histoire que dans la mesure où les personnages dont il trace les portraits et raconte la vie..." /> <meta property="og:url" content="https://www.universalis.fr/encyclopedie/suetone/" /> <meta property="og:locale" content="fr_FR" /> <meta property="og:site_name" content="Encyclopædia Universalis" /> <meta property="og:type" content="website" /> <meta property="og:image" content="https://www.universalis.fr/_web/static/icons/favicon.png" /> <meta property="og:image:width" content="256" /> <meta property="og:image:height" content="252" /> <meta name="twitter:title" content="Biographie de SUÉTONE (70 env.-env. 140)" /> <meta name="twitter:description" content="Biographie de SUÉTONE (70 env.-env. 140). Caius Suetonius Tranquillus est tenu pour l'un des principaux historiens de langue latine, alors qu'il fut en réalité un biographe, et ne toucha à l'histoire que dans la mesure où les personnages dont il trace les portraits et raconte la vie..." /> <meta name="twitter:card" content="summary" /> <meta name="twitter:site" content="@universalisfr" /> <meta name="location" content="France" /> <meta name="rating" content="General" /> <meta name="distribution" content="Global" /> <meta name="resource-type" content="document" /> <meta name="copyright" content="© Copyright 2024 - Universalis" /> <meta name="apple-mobile-web-app-title" content="Universalis" /> <meta name="apple-mobile-web-app-capable" content="yes" /> <meta name="apple-mobile-web-app-status-bar-style" content="default" /> <meta name="format-detection" content="telephone=no,date=no,address=no,email=no,url=no" /> <link rel="stylesheet" href="/_shared/pub/pub.css?1737972863" media="all"> <link rel="stylesheet" href="/_web/assets/css/home.css?1737986363" media="all"> <link rel="stylesheet" href="/_web/assets/css/classification.css?1737986363" media="all"> <link rel="canonical" href="https://www.universalis.fr/encyclopedie/suetone/" /> <link rel="next" href="https://www.universalis.fr/encyclopedie/suetone/2-vies-des-douze-cesars/" /> <script type="application/ld+json">{"@context":"https:\/\/schema.org","@type":"Article","name":"Biographie de SU\u00c9TONE (70 env.-env. 140)","headline":"Biographie de SU\u00c9TONE (70 env.-env. 140)","description":"Biographie de SU\u00c9TONE (70 env.-env. 140). 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Bibliographie </a> </li> </ul> <button class="btn btn-sm btn-universalis" data-bs-toggle="collapse" data-bs-target="#free-toc" aria-expanded="false" title="Afficher / masquer le sommaire"> <i aria-hidden="true" class="fa fa-fw fa-eye"></i> Sommaire </button> </div> <h1 class="mb-1"> <strong>SUÉTONE </strong><span class="rm">(70 env.-env. 140)</span> </h1> <ul class="pagination justify-content-center public-links "><li class="page-item active"><a href="/abonnement" data-matomo-category="Article" data-matomo-name="Folio" data-matomo-value="page 1" class="page-link" title="Abonnez-vous" data-loaded="true">1</a></li><li class="page-item "><a href="/abonnement" data-matomo-category="Article" data-matomo-name="Folio" data-matomo-value="page 2" class="page-link" title="Abonnez-vous" data-loaded="true">2</a></li><li class="page-item "><a href="/abonnement" data-matomo-category="Article" data-matomo-name="Folio" data-matomo-value="page 3" class="page-link" title="Abonnez-vous" data-loaded="true">3</a></li><li class="page-item "><a href="/abonnement" data-matomo-category="Article" data-matomo-name="Folio" data-matomo-value="page 4" class="page-link" title="Abonnez-vous" data-loaded="true">4</a></li><li class="page-item "><a href="/abonnement" data-matomo-category="Article" data-matomo-name="Folio" data-matomo-value="page 5" class="page-link" title="Abonnez-vous" data-loaded="true">5</a></li><li class="page-item "><a href="/abonnement" data-matomo-category="Article" data-matomo-name="Folio" data-matomo-value="page 6" class="page-link" title="Abonnez-vous" data-loaded="true">6</a></li></ul><!-- --><p class="text-sm text-muted mb-1">Article modifié le <time datetime="2025-01-29"> 29/01/2025 </time></p><div class="content paged type-biographie" ><div class="block_1" data-ucode="yR170971_0"><i class="anchor" id="yR170971_0"></i><p> Caius Suetonius Tranquillus est tenu pour l'un des principaux historiens de langue latine, alors qu'il fut en réalité un biographe, et ne toucha à l'histoire que dans la mesure où les personnages dont il trace les portraits et raconte la vie appartiennent à l'histoire générale. Il est d'une époque où l'érudition tend à l'emporter sur la création. Suétone est un érudit, un chasseur d'anecdotes rares. Il dut aux circonstances de sa vie d'avoir pu en recueillir de très précieuses, notamment sur les empereurs du <span class="pc">i</span><sup>er</sup> siècle après J.-C., et les renseignements qu'il a ainsi transmis viennent combler en partie certaines lacunes (perte partielle des <em>Annales</em> de <a data-bs-toggle="popover" data-bs-content="Biographie de TACITE (55 env.-120). L 'œuvre de Tacite pose aux lecteurs modernes, aux savants, aux lettrés, de nombreux problèmes. Certes, tous s'accordent à en reconnaître l'extrême beauté littéraire. Tacite apparaît bien comme « le plus grand peintre de l'Antiquité » ; mais on lui adresse un reproche très grave : on conteste sa valeur d'historien, on nie à la fois son object..." title="Article : TACITE (55 env.-120)" href="/encyclopedie/tacite/">Tacite</a>, et totale des autres historiens de cette période). De plus, ses <em>Vies</em> des empereurs satisfont le goût des modernes pour le pittoresque et le réalisme.</p><div class="clearfix"></div></div><div class="block_1" data-ucode="yR170971_1"><i class="anchor" id="yR170971_1"></i><h2>Un homme de bibliothèque</h2><p>Le détail de la vie de Suétone est mal connu. Il naquit sans doute à Rome, vers 70 après J.-C., d'une famille de rang équestre. Son père avait exercé des fonctions officielles de cet ordre. Suétone, vers l'âge de trente ans, eut la tentation de suivre son exemple et demanda à devenir tribun militaire, condition indispensable pour poursuivre une carrière administrative normale de chevalier. Mais il renonça à sa charge presque aussitôt et s'adonna à des recherches désintéressées sur la <a data-bs-toggle="popover" data-bs-content="La rhétorique est l'art de dire quelque chose à quelqu'un ; l'art d'agir par la parole sur les opinions, les émotions, les décisions, du moins dans la limite des institutions et des normes qui, dans une société donnée, règlent l' influence mutuelle des sujets parlants. C'est aussi la discipline qui prépare méthodiquement à l'exercice de cet art, en apprenant à composer des discou..." title="Article : RHÉTORIQUE" href="/encyclopedie/rhetorique/">rhétorique</a> et l'histoire littéraire, menant à Rome une vie très retirée. Il était l'ami de <a data-bs-toggle="popover" data-bs-content="Biographie de PLINE LE JEUNE (61 env.-114). Le renom de Pline le Jeune est dû à sa correspondance. Ses lettres à Trajan , dont il fut l'un des hauts fonctionnaires, sont, avec les réponses de l'empereur, un bon document sur les méthodes de l'administration impériale. Moins spontanée que celle de Cicéron , sa correspondance privée compose une sorte de journal de sa vie où se mêlent ..." title="Article : PLINE LE JEUNE (61 env.-114)" href="/encyclopedie/pline-le-jeune/">Pline le Jeune</a>, et c'est aux lettres de celui-ci que nous devons les quelques détails que nous possédons sur l'existence de Suétone. Celui-ci jouissait d'une modeste aisance, et on le voit, par exemple, disposé à acquérir une petite maison de campagne dans la banlieue romaine, pour y trouver repos et loisir. Il avait renoncé, de très bonne heure, à accepter de plaider des causes, comme il avait eu la tentation de le faire en sa jeunesse. Suétone était un <em>scholasticus</em>, un homme de bibliothèque. Pourtant nous le voyons exercer des charges importantes à la cour d'Adrien (après 117) : secrétaire particulier, intendant des bibliothèques, enfin chef de la correspondance impériale.</p><p>Outre ses recherches biographiques, portant sur les empereurs, les poètes, les rhéteurs, les grammairiens célèbres, Suétone s'intéressait aux sciences elles-mêmes, autrefois pratiquées par les personnages dont il s'occupait. Il s'adonnait à l'étude de la grammaire et, en général, du langage, c'est-à-dire, en pratique, du latin et du grec. De ces études sortirent d'abord (sans doute vers 105 ?) les livres <em>De viris illustribus</em>, consacrés à des biographies littéraires.</p><p>Ce groupe de livres (<em>De poetis</em>, <em>De grammaticis</em>, <em>De rhetoribus</em>, <em>De oratoribus</em>, <em>De historicis</em> – plusieurs de ces titres sont incertains, l'œuvre étant, dans son ensemble, perdue, et reconstituée seulement à partir des citations et des utilisations probables) valut à Suétone une certaine notoriété. À la mort de Pline, son ami et son protecteur, il devint le protégé de C. Septicius Clarus, qui fut choisi par Adrien, vers 119, comme préfet du prétoire. C'est Clarus qui fit appeler Suétone à la cour impériale. Adrien, lui-même lettré, aimait, semble-t-il, la compagnie de Suétone, et lui ouvrit les archives impériales, où se trouvaient des documents d'une valeur inestimable datant des premiers règnes. Mais la carrière de Suétone fut interrompue brusquement, en 121. Il fut disgracié « pour s'être montré trop familier » avec l'impératrice. Mais les trois ou quatre ans passés dans l'entourage de l'empereur, l'accès aux secrets d'État de l'ancien temps permirent à l'archiviste secrétaire de rassembler les matériaux des <em>Vitae Caesarum</em>, les <em>Vies des douze Césars</em>, qui comprennent les biographies de Jules <a data-bs-toggle="popover" data-bs-content="Biographie de CÉSAR (101-44 av. J.-C.). Héritier spirituel et politique de Marius, ambitieux, mais à la mesure de ses capacités et de ses dons éblouissants, César apparut, vers l'année 65, comme un des principaux chefs du parti populaire. Son alliance avec Pompée et Crassus leur permit à tous trois, sous le couvert de la légalité, de se partager l'influence et le pouvoir. Après son con..." title="Article : CÉSAR (101-44 av. J.-C.)" href="/encyclopedie/cesar/">César</a>, Auguste,<a href="javascript:" title="Lire la suite" class="read-more ms-1">[...]</a></p></div><div class="clearfix"></div></div><ul class="pagination justify-content-center public-links "><li class="page-item active"><a href="/abonnement" data-matomo-category="Article" data-matomo-name="Folio" data-matomo-value="page 1" class="page-link" title="Abonnez-vous" data-loaded="true">1</a></li><li class="page-item "><a href="/abonnement" data-matomo-category="Article" data-matomo-name="Folio" data-matomo-value="page 2" class="page-link" title="Abonnez-vous" data-loaded="true">2</a></li><li class="page-item "><a href="/abonnement" data-matomo-category="Article" data-matomo-name="Folio" data-matomo-value="page 3" class="page-link" title="Abonnez-vous" data-loaded="true">3</a></li><li class="page-item "><a href="/abonnement" data-matomo-category="Article" data-matomo-name="Folio" data-matomo-value="page 4" class="page-link" title="Abonnez-vous" data-loaded="true">4</a></li><li class="page-item "><a href="/abonnement" data-matomo-category="Article" data-matomo-name="Folio" data-matomo-value="page 5" class="page-link" title="Abonnez-vous" data-loaded="true">5</a></li><li class="page-item "><a href="/abonnement" data-matomo-category="Article" data-matomo-name="Folio" data-matomo-value="page 6" class="page-link" title="Abonnez-vous" data-loaded="true">6</a></li></ul><div class="folio-block"><p class="folio-block-title text-center text-uc"><strong>La suite de cet article est accessible aux abonnés</strong></p><ul class="list-unstyled"><li><i class="fa fa-fw fa-check-circle"></i> Des contenus variés, complets et fiables</li><li><i class="fa fa-fw fa-check-circle"></i> Accessible sur tous les écrans</li><li><i class="fa fa-fw fa-check-circle"></i> Pas de publicité</li></ul><p class="text-center"><a href="/abonnement/" class="btn btn-cta text-uc" id="folio-button" data-matomo-category="Article" data-matomo-name="Folio" data-matomo-value="Block bottom">Découvrez nos offres </a></p><p class="text-center text-sm"> Déjà abonné ? <a href="/identification/" id="folio-login">Se connecter</a></p></div><div id="ad_mpuslot" class="pub-container text-center"><div class="pub-placeholder"></div></div><section class="mt-3 mb-5"><i class="anchor" id="R170971_AUTHORS"></i><p class="title-minor">Écrit par</p><ul class="list-group"><li class="list-group-item" data-dc-author="GRIMAL, Pierre"><a title="Auteur : Pierre GRIMAL" rel="author" href="/auteurs/pierre-grimal/"><strong>Pierre GRIMAL</strong></a> : professeur émérite à l'université de Paris-Sorbonne, membre de l'Académie des inscriptions et belles-lettres </li></ul></section><section class="mb-5"><div class="text-center mb-3 d-print-none"><a class="d-inline-flex flex-row justify-content-center align-items-center btn btn-light btn-large text-start" title="Carte mentale : SUÉTONE (70 env.-env. 140)" href="/carte-mentale/suetone/"><i class="fa fa-sitemap fa-rotate-270 me-1 fs-1 text-universalis"></i><p class="m-0"><strong class="fs-4">Carte mentale</strong><br /> Élargissez votre recherche dans Universalis </p></a></div></section> <section class="mb-5 article-classification" data-print-label="la classification" data-print-target=".article-classification"> <i class="anchor" id="yR170971_ROOT_LINES"></i> <p class="title-minor">Classification</p> <nav aria-label="Classification 1"> <ol class="breadcrumb"> <li class="breadcrumb-item"> <a title="Classification : Littératures" href="/classification/litteratures/"> Littératures </a> </li> <li class="breadcrumb-item"> <a title="Classification : Écrivains" href="/classification/litteratures/ecrivains/"> Écrivains </a> </li> <li class="breadcrumb-item"> <a title="Classification : Auteurs de l'Antiquité classique" href="/classification/litteratures/ecrivains/auteurs-de-l-antiquite-classique/"> Auteurs de l'Antiquité classique </a> </li> <li class="breadcrumb-item active" data-dc-subject="Auteurs latins"> <a title="Classification : Auteurs latins" href="/classification/litteratures/ecrivains/auteurs-de-l-antiquite-classique/auteurs-latins/"> Auteurs latins </a> </li> </ol> </nav> </section> <section class="mb-5 d-print-none learn-more"> <i class="anchor" id="yR170971_REFERENCES"></i> <p class="title-minor">Autres références</p> <ul class="list-group"> <li class="list-group-item"> <h3 class="fs-5 m-0 mt-1"> <a href="/encyclopedie/prostitution-dans-l-antiquite/#c40712"> <span class="rg">PROSTITUTION DANS L'ANTIQUITÉ</span> </a> </h3> <ul class="list-inline list-inline-bullet mb-1 text-muted"> <li class="list-inline-item text-sm">Écrit par <span rel="author">Violaine SEBILLOTTE CUCHET</span> </li> <li class="list-inline-item text-sm">2 329 mots</li> <li class="list-inline-item text-sm">1 média </li> </ul> <div class="d-none d-md-inline-block float-start me-3"> <a class="protected" title="Article : PROSTITUTION DANS L'ANTIQUIT&Eacute;" href="/encyclopedie/prostitution-dans-l-antiquite/"> <img class="rounded shadow" loading="lazy" alt="Graffiti érotique de Pompéi, I<sup>er</sup> siècle. - crédits : Erich Lessing/ AKG-images" width="125" height="125" src="/typo3temp/assets/_processed_/4/f/csm_ph151255_3872b0c749.webp"/> </a> </div> <div class="snippet-content mt-3"> ...Tibère, qui installe des hommes et femmes prostitués à Capri, puis <a data-bs-toggle="popover" data-bs-content="Biographie de CALIGULA (12-41) empereur romain (37-41). Caius Julius Caesar Germanicus , arrière-petit-fils d'Auguste, connaît très jeune la vie des camps avec son père Germanicus ; il y reçoit le surnom de Caligula (ou « petit brodequin »). Protégé par Tibère, il est considéré comme son héritier après la conjuration de Séjan . À la mort de l'empereur, en 37, il est acclamé p..." title="Article : CALIGULA (12-41) empereur romain (37-41)" href="/encyclopedie/caligula/">Caligula</a>, son successeur à la tête de l’Empire, qui selon la version de l’historien <a data-bs-toggle="popover" data-bs-content="Biographie de SUÉTONE (70 env.-env. 140). Caius Suetonius Tranquillus est tenu pour l'un des principaux historiens de langue latine, alors qu'il fut en réalité un biographe, et ne toucha à l'histoire que dans la mesure où les personnages dont il trace les portraits et raconte la vie appartiennent à l'histoire générale. Il est d'une époque où l'érudition tend à l'emporter sur la créa..." title="Article : SUÉTONE (70 env.-env. 140)" href="/encyclopedie/suetone/">Suétone</a> crée un lupanar géant peuplé d’épouses et d’enfants des grandes familles offerts à la plèbe romaine, ne font qu’actualiser, selon la ... </div> </li> <li class="list-group-item"> <h3 class="fs-5 m-0 mt-1"> <a href="/encyclopedie/rome-et-empire-romain-le-haut-empire/#c40712"> <span class="rg">ROME ET EMPIRE ROMAIN - </span><span class="rm">Le Haut-Empire</span> </a> </h3> <ul class="list-inline list-inline-bullet mb-1 text-muted"> <li class="list-inline-item text-sm">Écrit par <span rel="author">Yann LE BOHEC</span> et <span rel="author">Paul PETIT</span> </li> <li class="list-inline-item text-sm">35 272 mots</li> <li class="list-inline-item text-sm">17 médias </li> </ul> <div class="d-none d-md-inline-block float-start me-3"> <a class="protected" title="Article : ROME ET EMPIRE ROMAIN - Le Haut-Empire" href="/encyclopedie/rome-et-empire-romain-le-haut-empire/"> <img class="rounded shadow" loading="lazy" alt="Rome, économie sous le Haut-Empire - crédits : Encyclopædia Universalis France" width="125" height="125" src="/typo3temp/assets/_processed_/d/7/csm_v200228_c1254b04c6.webp"/> </a> </div> <div class="snippet-content mt-3"> ... se caractérise par un pessimisme hautain et aristocratique qui, d'une œuvre à l'autre, s'accrut encore. Simple chevalier, protégé des deux autres, Suétone a fait carrière dans la haute administration ; ses charges lui ont permis d'avoir accès aux archives du palais. 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