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</div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Education_and_career-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Education and career subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Education_and_career-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Burger_King_and_Godfather's_Pizza" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Burger_King_and_Godfather's_Pizza"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.1</span> <span>Burger King and Godfather's Pizza</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Burger_King_and_Godfather's_Pizza-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Federal_Reserve_Bank_and_National_Restaurant_Association" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Federal_Reserve_Bank_and_National_Restaurant_Association"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.2</span> <span>Federal Reserve Bank and National Restaurant Association</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Federal_Reserve_Bank_and_National_Restaurant_Association-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Media_work" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Media_work"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.3</span> <span>Media work</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Media_work-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Recognition" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Recognition"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.4</span> <span>Recognition</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Recognition-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Possible_nomination_to_the_Federal_Reserve_Board" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Possible_nomination_to_the_Federal_Reserve_Board"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.5</span> <span>Possible nomination to the Federal Reserve Board</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Possible_nomination_to_the_Federal_Reserve_Board-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Black_Voices_for_Trump" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Black_Voices_for_Trump"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.6</span> <span>Black Voices for Trump</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Black_Voices_for_Trump-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Political_activities" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Political_activities"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Political activities</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Political_activities-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Political activities subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Political_activities-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Role_in_the_defeat_of_1993_Clinton_health_care_plan" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Role_in_the_defeat_of_1993_Clinton_health_care_plan"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.1</span> <span>Role in the defeat of 1993 Clinton health care plan</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Role_in_the_defeat_of_1993_Clinton_health_care_plan-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Senior_adviser_to_1996_Dole_campaign" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Senior_adviser_to_1996_Dole_campaign"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.2</span> <span>Senior adviser to 1996 Dole campaign</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Senior_adviser_to_1996_Dole_campaign-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-2000_presidential_campaign" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#2000_presidential_campaign"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.3</span> <span>2000 presidential campaign</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-2000_presidential_campaign-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-2004_U.S._Senate_campaign" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#2004_U.S._Senate_campaign"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.4</span> <span>2004 U.S. Senate campaign</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-2004_U.S._Senate_campaign-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Americans_for_Prosperity_and_America's_PAC" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Americans_for_Prosperity_and_America's_PAC"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.5</span> <span>Americans for Prosperity and America's PAC</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Americans_for_Prosperity_and_America's_PAC-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-2012_presidential_campaign" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#2012_presidential_campaign"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.6</span> <span>2012 presidential campaign</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-2012_presidential_campaign-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Straw_poll_victories" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Straw_poll_victories"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.6.1</span> <span>Straw poll victories</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Straw_poll_victories-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-9–9–9_Plan" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#9–9–9_Plan"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.6.2</span> <span>9–9–9 Plan</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-9–9–9_Plan-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Sexual_harassment_allegations" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Sexual_harassment_allegations"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.6.3</span> <span>Sexual harassment allegations</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Sexual_harassment_allegations-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-End_of_2012_campaign" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#End_of_2012_campaign"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.6.4</span> <span>End of 2012 campaign</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-End_of_2012_campaign-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Cain's_Solutions_Revolution" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Cain's_Solutions_Revolution"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.7</span> <span>Cain's Solutions Revolution</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Cain's_Solutions_Revolution-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-State_of_the_Union_response" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#State_of_the_Union_response"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.8</span> <span>State of the Union response</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-State_of_the_Union_response-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Call_for_a_third_party" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Call_for_a_third_party"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.9</span> <span>Call for a third party</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Call_for_a_third_party-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Personal_life" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Personal_life"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Personal life</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Personal_life-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Death" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Death"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Death</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Death-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Bibliography" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Bibliography"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>Bibliography</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Bibliography-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>See also</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9</span> <span>External links</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Toggle the table of contents</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Herman Cain</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 35 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-35" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">35 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%87%D9%8A%D8%B1%D9%85%D8%A7%D9%86_%D9%83%D9%8A%D9%86" title="هيرمان كين – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="هيرمان كين" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-azb mw-list-item"><a href="https://azb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%87%D8%B1%D9%85%D9%86_%DA%A9%DB%8C%D9%86" title="هرمن کین – South Azerbaijani" lang="azb" hreflang="azb" data-title="هرمن کین" data-language-autonym="تۆرکجه" data-language-local-name="South Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>تۆرکجه</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-min-nan mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-min-nan.wikipedia.org/wiki/Herman_Cain" title="Herman Cain – Minnan" lang="nan" hreflang="nan" data-title="Herman Cain" data-language-autonym="閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú" data-language-local-name="Minnan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BC%D0%B0%D0%BD_%D0%9A%D0%B5%D0%B9%D0%BD" title="Герман Кейн – Belarusian" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Герман Кейн" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="Belarusian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bar mw-list-item"><a href="https://bar.wikipedia.org/wiki/Herman_Cain" title="Herman Cain – Bavarian" lang="bar" hreflang="bar" data-title="Herman Cain" data-language-autonym="Boarisch" data-language-local-name="Bavarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Boarisch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Herman_Cain" title="Herman Cain – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Herman Cain" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Herman_Cain" title="Herman Cain – Danish" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Herman Cain" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Danish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Herman_Cain" title="Herman Cain – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Herman Cain" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Herman_Cain" title="Herman Cain – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Herman Cain" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Herman_Cain" title="Herman Cain – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Herman Cain" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%87%D8%B1%D9%85%D9%86_%DA%A9%DB%8C%D9%86" title="هرمن کین – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="هرمن کین" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fo mw-list-item"><a href="https://fo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Herman_Cain" title="Herman Cain – Faroese" lang="fo" hreflang="fo" data-title="Herman Cain" data-language-autonym="Føroyskt" data-language-local-name="Faroese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Føroyskt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Herman_Cain" title="Herman Cain – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Herman Cain" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ga mw-list-item"><a href="https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/Herman_Cain" title="Herman Cain – Irish" lang="ga" hreflang="ga" data-title="Herman Cain" data-language-autonym="Gaeilge" data-language-local-name="Irish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaeilge</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%ED%97%88%EB%A8%BC_%EC%BC%80%EC%9D%B8" title="허먼 케인 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="허먼 케인" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hsb mw-list-item"><a href="https://hsb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Herman_Cain" title="Herman Cain – Upper Sorbian" lang="hsb" hreflang="hsb" data-title="Herman Cain" data-language-autonym="Hornjoserbsce" data-language-local-name="Upper Sorbian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hornjoserbsce</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Herman_Cain" title="Herman Cain – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Herman Cain" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Herman_Cain" title="Herman Cain – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Herman Cain" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%94%D7%A8%D7%9E%D7%9F_%D7%A7%D7%99%D7%99%D7%9F" title="הרמן קיין – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="הרמן קיין" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hermans_Keins" title="Hermans Keins – Latvian" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Hermans Keins" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="Latvian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%87%D9%8A%D8%B1%D9%85%D8%A7%D9%86_%D9%83%D8%A7%D9%8A%D9%86" title="هيرمان كاين – Egyptian Arabic" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="هيرمان كاين" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="Egyptian Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مصرى</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Herman_Cain" title="Herman Cain – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Herman Cain" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%83%8F%E3%83%BC%E3%83%9E%E3%83%B3%E3%83%BB%E3%82%B1%E3%82%A4%E3%83%B3" title="ハーマン・ケイン – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="ハーマン・ケイン" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Herman_Cain" title="Herman Cain – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Herman Cain" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Herman_Cain" title="Herman Cain – Uzbek" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="Herman Cain" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="Uzbek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Herman_Cain" title="Herman Cain – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Herman Cain" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Herman_Cain" title="Herman Cain – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Herman Cain" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B5%D0%B9%D0%BD,_%D0%A5%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BC%D0%B0%D0%BD" title="Кейн, Херман – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Кейн, Херман" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Herman_Cain" title="Herman Cain – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Herman Cain" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Herman_Cain" title="Herman Cain – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Herman Cain" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a 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class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">American businessman (1945–2020)</div> <p class="mw-empty-elt"> </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox vcard"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above" style="font-size: 100%;"><div class="fn" style="font-size:125%;">Herman Cain</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:Herman_Cain_by_Gage_Skidmore_4.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/05/Herman_Cain_by_Gage_Skidmore_4.jpg/220px-Herman_Cain_by_Gage_Skidmore_4.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="269" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/05/Herman_Cain_by_Gage_Skidmore_4.jpg/330px-Herman_Cain_by_Gage_Skidmore_4.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/05/Herman_Cain_by_Gage_Skidmore_4.jpg/440px-Herman_Cain_by_Gage_Skidmore_4.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2544" data-file-height="3108" /></a></span><div class="infobox-caption" style="line-height:normal;padding-top:0.2em;">Cain in 2011</div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="color: #202122; background:lavender;line-height:normal;padding:0.2em;">Chair of the <a href="/wiki/Federal_Reserve_Bank_of_Kansas_City" title="Federal Reserve Bank of Kansas City">Federal Reserve Bank of Kansas City</a></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" style="border-bottom:none"><span class="nowrap"><b>In office</b></span><br />January 1, 1995 – August 19, 1996</td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left">President</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Thomas_M._Hoenig" title="Thomas M. Hoenig">Thomas M. Hoenig</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left"><span class="nowrap">Preceded by</span></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Burton_A._Dole_Jr." title="Burton A. Dole Jr.">Burton Dole</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left"><span class="nowrap">Succeeded by</span></th><td class="infobox-data">Drue Jennings</td></tr><tr style="display:none"><td colspan="2"> </td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="color: #202122; background:lavender">Personal details</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Born</th><td class="infobox-data"><span style="display:none">(<span class="bday">1945-12-13</span>)</span>December 13, 1945<br /><a href="/wiki/Memphis,_Tennessee" title="Memphis, Tennessee">Memphis, Tennessee</a>, U.S.</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Died</th><td class="infobox-data">July 30, 2020<span style="display:none">(2020-07-30)</span> (aged 74)<br /><a href="/wiki/Atlanta,_Georgia" class="mw-redirect" title="Atlanta, Georgia">Atlanta, Georgia</a>, U.S.</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Cause of death</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Georgia_(U.S._state)" title="COVID-19 pandemic in Georgia (U.S. state)">COVID-19</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Political party</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Republican_Party_(United_States)" title="Republican Party (United States)">Republican</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Spouse</th><td class="infobox-data"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1151524712">.mw-parser-output .marriage-line-margin2px{line-height:0;margin-bottom:-2px}.mw-parser-output .marriage-line-margin3px{line-height:0;margin-bottom:-3px}.mw-parser-output .marriage-display-ws{display:inline;white-space:nowrap}</style> <div class="marriage-display-ws"><div style="display:inline-block;line-height:normal;">Gloria Etchison</div> <div style="display:inline-block;"></div>(<abbr title="married">m.</abbr> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1038841319">.mw-parser-output .tooltip-dotted{border-bottom:1px dotted;cursor:help}</style><span class="rt-commentedText tooltip" title="June 23, 1968">1968</span>)<wbr /></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Children</th><td class="infobox-data">2</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Education</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Morehouse_College" title="Morehouse College">Morehouse College</a> (<a href="/wiki/Bachelor_of_Science" title="Bachelor of Science">BS</a>)<br /><a href="/wiki/Purdue_University" title="Purdue University">Purdue University</a> (<a href="/wiki/Master_of_Science" title="Master of Science">MS</a>)</td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-below" style="border-top: 1px solid right;"><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist 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a{color:var(--color-progressive)!important}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-list-title,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-title-with-pretitle{background:transparent!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-title-with-pretitle a{color:var(--color-progressive)!important}}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .sidebar{display:none!important}}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239334494">@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output div:not(.notheme)>.tmp-color,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output p>.tmp-color,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output table:not(.notheme) .tmp-color{color:inherit!important}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output div:not(.notheme)>.tmp-color,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output p>.tmp-color,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output table:not(.notheme) .tmp-color{color:inherit!important}}</style><table class="sidebar nomobile nowraplinks vcard hlist"><tbody><tr><th class="sidebar-title" style="font-size: 110%; padding: 0; line-height: 150%;"><table><tbody><tr> <td style="background:#CE2029; vertical-align:middle; padding:5px;"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Herman_Cain_by_Gage_Skidmore_4.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/05/Herman_Cain_by_Gage_Skidmore_4.jpg/75px-Herman_Cain_by_Gage_Skidmore_4.jpg" decoding="async" width="75" height="92" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/05/Herman_Cain_by_Gage_Skidmore_4.jpg/113px-Herman_Cain_by_Gage_Skidmore_4.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/05/Herman_Cain_by_Gage_Skidmore_4.jpg/150px-Herman_Cain_by_Gage_Skidmore_4.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2544" data-file-height="3108" /></a></span></td> <td style="background:#CE2029; vertical-align:middle; padding:6px;"><span class="tmp-color" style="color:#FFF">This article is part of a series about</span><br /><span class="vcard"><span class="fn"><a class="mw-selflink selflink"><span style="color:#FFF;">Herman Cain</span></a></span></span></td> </tr></tbody></table></th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content" style="padding:0.3em;"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Political_positions_of_Herman_Cain" title="Political positions of Herman Cain">Political positions</a></li></ul> <hr /> <div style="font-weight: bold;line-height:normal;">Presidential campaign</div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Herman_Cain_2012_presidential_campaign" title="Herman Cain 2012 presidential campaign">2012</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/2012_Republican_Party_presidential_primaries" title="2012 Republican Party presidential primaries">primaries</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/9%E2%80%939%E2%80%939_Plan" title="9–9–9 Plan">9–9–9 Plan</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Power_of_One_(song)" title="The Power of One (song)">The Power of One</a></i></li></ul></li></ul> <hr /> <div style="font-weight: bold;line-height:normal;">Bibliography</div> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/This_Is_Herman_Cain!" title="This Is Herman Cain!">This Is Herman Cain!</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/9%E2%80%939%E2%80%939:_An_Army_of_Davids" title="9–9–9: An Army of Davids">9–9–9: An Army of Davids</a></i></li></ul> <hr /> <span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Flag_of_the_United_States_Federal_Reserve.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/71/Flag_of_the_United_States_Federal_Reserve.svg/60px-Flag_of_the_United_States_Federal_Reserve.svg.png" decoding="async" width="60" height="36" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/71/Flag_of_the_United_States_Federal_Reserve.svg/90px-Flag_of_the_United_States_Federal_Reserve.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/71/Flag_of_the_United_States_Federal_Reserve.svg/120px-Flag_of_the_United_States_Federal_Reserve.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="821" data-file-height="489" /></a></span></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-navbar" style="text-align:center;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239400231">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:114%;margin:0 7em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:114%;margin:0 4em}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Herman_Cain_series" title="Template:Herman Cain series"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Herman_Cain_series" title="Template talk:Herman Cain series"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Herman_Cain_series" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Herman Cain series"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <p><b>Herman Cain</b> (December 13, 1945 – July 30, 2020) was an American businessman and <a href="/wiki/Tea_Party_movement" title="Tea Party movement">Tea Party movement</a> activist in the <a href="/wiki/Republican_Party_(United_States)" title="Republican Party (United States)">Republican Party</a>. Cain graduated from <a href="/wiki/Morehouse_College" title="Morehouse College">Morehouse College</a> with a <a href="/wiki/Bachelor%27s_degree" title="Bachelor's degree">bachelor's degree</a> in mathematics. He then earned a <a href="/wiki/Master%27s_degree" title="Master's degree">master's degree</a> in <a href="/wiki/Computer_science" title="Computer science">computer science</a> at <a href="/wiki/Purdue_University" title="Purdue University">Purdue University</a> while also working full-time for the <a href="/wiki/United_States_Department_of_the_Navy" title="United States Department of the Navy">U.S. Department of the Navy</a>. In 1977, he joined the <a href="/wiki/Pillsbury_Company" class="mw-redirect" title="Pillsbury Company">Pillsbury Company</a> where he later became vice president. During the 1980s, Cain's success as a business executive at <a href="/wiki/Burger_King" title="Burger King">Burger King</a> prompted Pillsbury to appoint him as chairman and <a href="/wiki/CEO" class="mw-redirect" title="CEO">CEO</a> of <a href="/wiki/Godfather%27s_Pizza" title="Godfather's Pizza">Godfather's Pizza</a>, in which capacity he worked from 1986 to 1996. </p><p>Cain was chairman of the <a href="/wiki/Federal_Reserve_Bank_of_Kansas_City_Omaha_Branch" title="Federal Reserve Bank of Kansas City Omaha Branch">Federal Reserve Bank of Kansas City Omaha Branch</a> from 1989 to 1991. He was deputy chairman, from 1992 to 1994, and then chairman until 1996, of the <a href="/wiki/Federal_Reserve_Bank_of_Kansas_City" title="Federal Reserve Bank of Kansas City">Federal Reserve Bank of Kansas City</a>. In 1995, he was appointed to the <a href="/wiki/Kemp_Commission" title="Kemp Commission">Kemp Commission</a> and, in 1996, he served as a senior economic adviser to <a href="/wiki/Bob_Dole_1996_presidential_campaign" title="Bob Dole 1996 presidential campaign">Bob Dole's presidential campaign</a>. From 1996 to 1999, Cain was president and CEO of the <a href="/wiki/National_Restaurant_Association" title="National Restaurant Association">National Restaurant Association</a>. </p><p>In May 2011, Cain announced his <a href="/wiki/Herman_Cain_2012_presidential_campaign" title="Herman Cain 2012 presidential campaign">2012 presidential candidacy</a>. By the fall, his proposed <a href="/wiki/9%E2%80%939%E2%80%939_Plan" title="9–9–9 Plan">9–9–9 tax plan</a> and debating performances had made him a serious contender for the Republican nomination. In November, however, Cain was <a href="/wiki/Herman_Cain_2012_presidential_campaign#Sexual_harassment_allegations" title="Herman Cain 2012 presidential campaign">accused of sexual harassment by multiple women</a>. Cain denied the allegations but announced the suspension of his campaign on December 3. He remained active in the Republican Party and was a co-chairman of Black Voices for Trump in the 2020 election cycle. </p><p>Cain died from <a href="/wiki/COVID-19" title="COVID-19">COVID-19</a> on July 30, 2020, at the age of 74. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Early_life">Early life</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Herman_Cain&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Early life"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Herman Cain was born on December 13, 1945,<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> in <a href="/wiki/Memphis,_Tennessee" title="Memphis, Tennessee">Memphis, Tennessee</a>, to Lenora Davis Cain (1925–1982), a cleaning woman and domestic worker, and Luther Cain (1925–2005), who was raised on a farm and worked as a barber and janitor, as well as a chauffeur for <a href="/wiki/Robert_W._Woodruff" title="Robert W. Woodruff">Robert W. Woodruff</a>, the president of <a href="/wiki/The_Coca-Cola_Company" title="The Coca-Cola Company">The Coca-Cola Company</a>. Cain said that as he was growing up, his family was "poor but happy." Cain related that his mother taught him about her belief that "success was not a function of what you start out with materially, but what you start out with spiritually." His father worked three jobs to own his own home—which he achieved during Cain's childhood—and to allow his two sons to attend college.<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Cain grew up on the west side of <a href="/wiki/Atlanta" title="Atlanta">Atlanta</a>, attending <a href="/wiki/S._H._Archer_High_School" title="S. H. Archer High School">S. H. Archer High School</a> and the Rev. <a href="/wiki/Cameron_M._Alexander" title="Cameron M. Alexander">Cameron M. Alexander</a>'s Antioch Baptist Church North in the neighborhood now known as <a href="/wiki/The_Bluff_(Atlanta)" class="mw-redirect" title="The Bluff (Atlanta)">The Bluff</a>. Eventually the family moved to a modest brick home on Albert Street in the <a href="/wiki/Collier_Heights" title="Collier Heights">Collier Heights</a> neighborhood. He graduated from high school in 1963.<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Cain_do_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Cain_do-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Education_and_career">Education and career</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Herman_Cain&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Education and career"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In 1967, Cain graduated from <a href="/wiki/Morehouse_College" title="Morehouse College">Morehouse College</a> with a <a href="/wiki/Bachelor_of_Science" title="Bachelor of Science">Bachelor of Science</a> in <a href="/wiki/Mathematics" title="Mathematics">mathematics</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Green_6-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Green-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 1971, he received a <a href="/wiki/Master_of_Science" title="Master of Science">Master of Science</a> in <a href="/wiki/Computer_science" title="Computer science">computer science</a> from <a href="/wiki/Purdue_University" title="Purdue University">Purdue University</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> while working full-time as a <a href="/wiki/Ballistics" title="Ballistics">ballistics</a> analyst for the <a href="/wiki/United_States_Department_of_the_Navy" title="United States Department of the Navy">U.S. Department of the Navy</a> as a civilian.<sup id="cite_ref-civil_8-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-civil-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>After completing his master's degree at Purdue, Cain left the Department of the Navy and began working for Coca-Cola in Atlanta as a <a href="/wiki/Computer_systems_analyst" class="mw-redirect" title="Computer systems analyst">computer systems analyst</a>. In 1977, he moved to <a href="/wiki/Minneapolis" title="Minneapolis">Minneapolis</a> to join <a href="/wiki/Pillsbury_Company" class="mw-redirect" title="Pillsbury Company">Pillsbury</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-ericberg_9-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ericberg-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> becoming director of business analysis<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> in its restaurant and foods group in 1978.<sup id="cite_ref-Henninger_12-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Henninger-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Burger_King_and_Godfather's_Pizza"><span id="Burger_King_and_Godfather.27s_Pizza"></span>Burger King and Godfather's Pizza</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Herman_Cain&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Burger King and Godfather's Pizza"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>At age 36, Cain was assigned to analyze and manage 400 <a href="/wiki/Burger_King" title="Burger King">Burger King</a> stores in the <a href="/wiki/Philadelphia" title="Philadelphia">Philadelphia</a> area. At the time, Burger King was a Pillsbury subsidiary. Under Cain, his region posted strong improvement in three years.<sup id="cite_ref-ericberg_9-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ericberg-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> According to a 1987 account in the <i><a href="/wiki/Minneapolis_Star_Tribune" class="mw-redirect" title="Minneapolis Star Tribune">Minneapolis Star Tribune</a></i>, Pillsbury's then-president Win Wallin said, "He was an excellent bet. Herman always seemed to have his act together."<sup id="cite_ref-Henninger_12-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Henninger-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> At Burger King, Cain "established the BEAMER program, which taught our employees, mostly teenagers, how to make our patrons smile" by smiling themselves. It was a success: "Within three months of the program's initiation, the sales trend was moving steadily higher."<sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Cain's success at Burger King prompted Pillsbury to appoint him president and CEO of another subsidiary, <a href="/wiki/Godfather%27s_Pizza" title="Godfather's Pizza">Godfather's Pizza</a>. On his arrival on April 1, 1986, Cain told employees, "I'm Herman Cain and this ain't no <a href="/wiki/April_Fool%27s" class="mw-redirect" title="April Fool's">April Fool's</a> joke. We are not dead. Our objective is to prove to Pillsbury and everyone else that we will survive."<sup id="cite_ref-Henninger_12-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Henninger-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Godfather's Pizza was performing poorly, having slipped in ranks of pizza chains from third in 1985 to fifth in 1988.<sup id="cite_ref-ericberg_9-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ericberg-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Under Cain's leadership, Godfather's closed approximately 200 restaurants and eliminated several thousand jobs, and by doing so returned to profitability.<sup id="cite_ref-godfathersyears_16-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-godfathersyears-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In a leveraged buyout in 1988, Cain, executive vice president and COO Ronald B. Gartlan, and a group of investors bought Godfather's from Pillsbury.<sup id="cite_ref-ericberg_9-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ericberg-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Federal_Reserve_Bank_and_National_Restaurant_Association">Federal Reserve Bank and National Restaurant Association</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Herman_Cain&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Federal Reserve Bank and National Restaurant Association"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Herman_Cain_1987.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b3/Herman_Cain_1987.jpg/220px-Herman_Cain_1987.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="277" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b3/Herman_Cain_1987.jpg/330px-Herman_Cain_1987.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b3/Herman_Cain_1987.jpg/440px-Herman_Cain_1987.jpg 2x" data-file-width="819" data-file-height="1032" /></a><figcaption>Cain in 1987</figcaption></figure> <p>Cain served as chairman of the board of the <a href="/wiki/Federal_Reserve_Bank_of_Kansas_City_Omaha_Branch" title="Federal Reserve Bank of Kansas City Omaha Branch">Omaha Branch of the Federal Reserve Bank of Kansas City</a> from January 1, 1989, to December 31, 1991.<sup id="cite_ref-kcfed_17-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-kcfed-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-NBC_18-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-NBC-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He became a member of the board of directors of the <a href="/wiki/Federal_Reserve_Bank_of_Kansas_City" title="Federal Reserve Bank of Kansas City">Federal Reserve Bank of Kansas City</a> in 1992.<sup id="cite_ref-kcfed_17-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-kcfed-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He served as deputy chairman from January 1, 1992, to December 31, 1994, and then as its chairman until August 19, 1996,<sup id="cite_ref-kcfed_17-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-kcfed-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> when he resigned to become active in national politics.<sup id="cite_ref-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Cain left Godfather's Pizza in 1996 and moved to the <a href="/wiki/District_of_Columbia" class="mw-redirect" title="District of Columbia">District of Columbia</a>, From 1996 to 1999 he served as CEO of the <a href="/wiki/National_Restaurant_Association" title="National Restaurant Association">National Restaurant Association</a>, a trade group and <a href="/wiki/Lobbying" title="Lobbying">lobbying organization</a> for the restaurant industry, on whose board of directors he had previously served.<sup id="cite_ref-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Cain's lobbying work for the association led to a number of connections to <a href="/wiki/Republican_Party_(United_States)" title="Republican Party (United States)">Republican</a> lawmakers and politicians.<sup id="cite_ref-godfathersyears_16-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-godfathersyears-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Under Cain's leadership, the Association lobbied against increases to the <a href="/wiki/Minimum_wage" title="Minimum wage">minimum wage</a>, mandatory health care benefits, regulations against smoking, and lowering the <a href="/wiki/Blood_alcohol_limit" class="mw-redirect" title="Blood alcohol limit">blood alcohol limit</a> that determines whether one is <a href="/wiki/Driving_under_the_influence" title="Driving under the influence">driving under the influence</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-some_troubles_21-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-some_troubles-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Cain was on the board of directors of <a href="/wiki/Aquila,_Inc." title="Aquila, Inc.">Aquila, Inc.</a>, <a href="/wiki/Nabisco" title="Nabisco">Nabisco</a>, <a href="/wiki/Whirlpool_Corporation" title="Whirlpool Corporation">Whirlpool</a>, <a href="/wiki/Reader%27s_Digest" title="Reader's Digest">Reader's Digest</a>, and <a href="/wiki/AGCO" title="AGCO">AGCO</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Henninger_12-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Henninger-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-board_22-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-board-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-23" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>After Cain's term with the restaurant advocacy group ended in 1999, he returned to <a href="/wiki/Omaha" class="mw-redirect" title="Omaha">Omaha</a> for about a year, then moved to his hometown of Atlanta in 2000.<sup id="cite_ref-24" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Media_work">Media work</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Herman_Cain&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Media work"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Cain wrote a <a href="/wiki/Print_syndication" title="Print syndication">syndicated</a> <a href="/wiki/Op-ed" title="Op-ed">op-ed</a> column, which was distributed by the <a href="/wiki/North_Star_Writers_Group" title="North Star Writers Group">North Star Writers Group</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-25" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Cain appeared in the 2009 documentary <i><a href="/wiki/An_Inconvenient_Tax" title="An Inconvenient Tax">An Inconvenient Tax</a></i>.<sup id="cite_ref-26" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> From 2008 to February 2011, Cain hosted <i>The Herman Cain Show</i> on Atlanta <a href="/wiki/Talk_radio" title="Talk radio">talk radio</a> station <a href="/wiki/WSB_(AM)" title="WSB (AM)">WSB</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-27" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-blogs.ajc.com_28-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-blogs.ajc.com-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> On January 19, 2012, Cain began working for WSB again by providing daily commentaries, while occasionally filling in for <a href="/wiki/Erick_Erickson" title="Erick Erickson">Erick Erickson</a> and <a href="/wiki/Neal_Boortz" title="Neal Boortz">Neal Boortz</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-blogs.ajc.com_28-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-blogs.ajc.com-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Cain took over Boortz's radio talk show on January 21, 2013, upon Boortz's retirement.<sup id="cite_ref-29" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The show was dropped from the <a href="/wiki/Westwood_One_(current)" class="mw-redirect" title="Westwood One (current)">Westwood One Radio Network</a> in December 2016 in favor of The <a href="/wiki/Chris_Plante" title="Chris Plante">Chris Plante</a> Show, but continued to air in limited <a href="/wiki/Broadcast_syndication" title="Broadcast syndication">syndication</a> through WSB's owner, <a href="/wiki/Cox_Radio" class="mw-redirect" title="Cox Radio">Cox Radio</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-30" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>On February 15, 2013, <a href="/wiki/Fox_News_Channel" class="mw-redirect" title="Fox News Channel">Fox News Channel</a> announced Cain would join the network as a contributor.<sup id="cite_ref-31" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In March 2019, Cain was a panelist on a <i><a href="/wiki/Jesse_Watters" title="Jesse Watters">Watter's World</a></i> episode.<sup id="cite_ref-32" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Recognition">Recognition</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Herman_Cain&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Recognition"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Cain received the 1996 <a href="/wiki/Horatio_Alger_Association_of_Distinguished_Americans#Horatio_Alger_Award" title="Horatio Alger Association of Distinguished Americans">Horatio Alger Award</a><sup id="cite_ref-33" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and was bestowed with honorary degrees from <a href="/wiki/Creighton_University" title="Creighton University">Creighton University</a>, <a href="/wiki/Johnson_%26_Wales_University" title="Johnson & Wales University">Johnson & Wales University</a>, <a href="/wiki/Morehouse_College" title="Morehouse College">Morehouse College</a>, the <a href="/wiki/University_of_Nebraska%E2%80%93Lincoln" title="University of Nebraska–Lincoln">University of Nebraska–Lincoln</a>, the <a href="/wiki/New_York_City_College_of_Technology" title="New York City College of Technology">New York City College of Technology</a>, <a href="/wiki/Purdue_University" title="Purdue University">Purdue University</a>, <a href="/wiki/Suffolk_University" title="Suffolk University">Suffolk University</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Tougaloo_College" title="Tougaloo College">Tougaloo College</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-board_22-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-board-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Then former Secretary of Housing and Urban Development, <a href="/wiki/Jack_Kemp" title="Jack Kemp">Jack Kemp</a>, referred to Cain as "the <a href="/wiki/Colin_Powell" title="Colin Powell">Colin Powell</a> of American capitalism". Kemp stated that Cain's "conquests won't be counted in terms of countries liberated or lives saved, but in those things that make life worth living—expanding opportunity, creating jobs and broadening horizons, not just for those he knows, but through his example, for those he'll never meet."<sup id="cite_ref-34" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Possible_nomination_to_the_Federal_Reserve_Board">Possible nomination to the Federal Reserve Board</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Herman_Cain&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Possible nomination to the Federal Reserve Board"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>On April 4, 2019, President <a href="/wiki/Donald_Trump" title="Donald Trump">Donald Trump</a> said that he intended to nominate Cain to the second of the two vacant seats on the Federal Reserve Board.<sup id="cite_ref-35" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-35"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>35<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-36" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-36"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>36<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Assessing the possible nomination, news publications reviewed Cain's sexual misconduct allegations that preceded his withdrawal from the 2012 presidential election.<sup id="cite_ref-37" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-37"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>37<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-38" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-38"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>38<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-39" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-39"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>39<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Cain acknowledged that the nomination process would be "more cumbersome" for him due to his "unusual career".<sup id="cite_ref-40" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-40"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>40<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He initially stated that he was not considering withdrawing his name from consideration for the seat.<sup id="cite_ref-41" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-41"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>41<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> After it appeared likely that he would not receive enough votes to support his confirmation, Cain withdrew on April 22, 2019.<sup id="cite_ref-NBC_18-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-NBC-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-42" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-42"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>42<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Black_Voices_for_Trump">Black Voices for Trump</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Herman_Cain&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Black Voices for Trump"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In the 2020 election cycle, Cain was a co-chairman of Black Voices for Trump.<sup id="cite_ref-:1_43-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:1-43"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>43<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Political_activities">Political activities</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Herman_Cain&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Political activities"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Political_positions_of_Herman_Cain" title="Political positions of Herman Cain">Political positions of Herman Cain</a></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Role_in_the_defeat_of_1993_Clinton_health_care_plan">Role in the defeat of 1993 Clinton health care plan</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Herman_Cain&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Role in the defeat of 1993 Clinton health care plan"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In 1994, as president-elect of the <a href="/wiki/National_Restaurant_Association" title="National Restaurant Association">National Restaurant Association</a>, Cain challenged <a href="/wiki/President_Bill_Clinton" class="mw-redirect" title="President Bill Clinton">President Bill Clinton</a> on the costs of the employer mandate contained within the <a href="/wiki/Health_Security_Act" class="mw-redirect" title="Health Security Act">Health Security Act</a> and criticized the effect on small businesses. <a href="/wiki/Bob_Cohn" title="Bob Cohn">Bob Cohn</a> of <i><a href="/wiki/Newsweek" title="Newsweek">Newsweek</a></i> described Cain as one of the primary opponents of the plan:<sup id="cite_ref-44" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-44"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>44<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1244412712">.mw-parser-output .templatequote{overflow:hidden;margin:1em 0;padding:0 32px}.mw-parser-output .templatequotecite{line-height:1.5em;text-align:left;margin-top:0}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .templatequotecite{padding-left:1.6em}}</style><blockquote class="templatequote"><p>The Clintons would later blame "<a href="/wiki/Harry_and_Louise" title="Harry and Louise">Harry and Louise</a>," the fictional couple in the ads aired by the insurance industry, for undermining health reform. But the real saboteurs are named Herman and John. Herman Cain is the president of Godfather's Pizza and president-elect of the National Restaurant Association. An articulate entrepreneur, Cain transformed the debate when he challenged Clinton at a town meeting in Kansas City, Missouri. Cain asked the president what he was supposed to say to the workers he would have to lay off because of the cost of the "employer mandate". Clinton responded that there would be plenty of subsidies for small businessmen, but Cain persisted. "Quite honestly, your calculation is inaccurate," he told the president. "In the competitive marketplace it simply doesn't work that way."</p><div class="templatequotecite">— <cite>Bob Cohn, The Lost Chance, Newsweek</cite></div></blockquote> <p>Because Kemp was impressed with Cain's performance, he chartered a plane to <a href="/wiki/Nebraska" title="Nebraska">Nebraska</a> to meet Cain after the debate. As a result, Cain was appointed to the <a href="/wiki/Kemp_Commission" title="Kemp Commission">Kemp Commission</a> in 1995.<sup id="cite_ref-45" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-45"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>45<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-46" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-46"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>46<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-47" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-47"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>47<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p><a href="/wiki/Joshua_Green_(journalist)" title="Joshua Green (journalist)">Joshua Green</a> of <i><a href="/wiki/The_Atlantic" title="The Atlantic">The Atlantic</a></i> called Cain's exchange with President Clinton his "auspicious debut on the national political stage."<sup id="cite_ref-48" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-48"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>48<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Senior_adviser_to_1996_Dole_campaign">Senior adviser to 1996 Dole campaign</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Herman_Cain&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: Senior adviser to 1996 Dole campaign"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/1996_United_States_presidential_election" title="1996 United States presidential election">1996 United States presidential election</a></div> <p>Cain was a senior economic adviser to the <a href="/wiki/Bob_Dole" title="Bob Dole">Bob Dole</a> presidential campaign in 1996.<sup id="cite_ref-49" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-49"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>49<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="2000_presidential_campaign">2000 presidential campaign</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Herman_Cain&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: 2000 presidential campaign"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/2000_Republican_Party_presidential_primaries" title="2000 Republican Party presidential primaries">2000 Republican Party presidential primaries</a></div> <p>Cain briefly ran for the Republican presidential nomination in <a href="/wiki/2000_United_States_presidential_election" title="2000 United States presidential election">2000</a>. He later said in looking back at the effort that it was more about making political statements than winning the nomination. "<a href="/wiki/George_W._Bush" title="George W. Bush">George W. Bush</a> was the chosen one, he had the campaign DNA that followers look for." However, Cain went on to state, "I believe that I had a better message and I believe that I was the better messenger."<sup id="cite_ref-50" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-50"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>50<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> After ending his own campaign, however, he endorsed <a href="/wiki/Steve_Forbes" title="Steve Forbes">Steve Forbes</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-51" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-51"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>51<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="2004_U.S._Senate_campaign">2004 U.S. Senate campaign</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Herman_Cain&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: 2004 U.S. Senate campaign"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/2004_United_States_Senate_election_in_Georgia" title="2004 United States Senate election in Georgia">2004 United States Senate election in Georgia</a></div> <p>In 2004 Cain ran for the <a href="/wiki/United_States_Senate" title="United States Senate">U.S. Senate</a> in Georgia and did not win in the primaries. He was pursuing the seat that came open with the retirement of <a href="/wiki/Democratic_Party_(United_States)" title="Democratic Party (United States)">Democrat</a> <a href="/wiki/Zell_Miller" title="Zell Miller">Zell Miller</a>. Cain sought the Republican nomination, facing congressmen <a href="/wiki/Johnny_Isakson" title="Johnny Isakson">Johnny Isakson</a> and <a href="/wiki/Mac_Collins" title="Mac Collins">Mac Collins</a> in the primary. Collins tried to paint Cain as a moderate,<sup id="cite_ref-52" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-52"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>52<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> citing Cain's support for <a href="/wiki/Affirmative_action" title="Affirmative action">affirmative action</a> programs, while Cain argued that he was a conservative, noting that he opposed the legality of abortion except when the mother's life is threatened.<sup id="cite_ref-53" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-53"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>53<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Cain finished second in the primary with 26.2% of the vote, ahead of Collins, who won 20.6%, but because Isakson won 53.2% of the vote, Isakson was able to avoid a <a href="/wiki/Runoff_election" class="mw-redirect" title="Runoff election">runoff</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-54" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-54"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>54<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Americans_for_Prosperity_and_America's_PAC"><span id="Americans_for_Prosperity_and_America.27s_PAC"></span>Americans for Prosperity and America's PAC</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Herman_Cain&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: Americans for Prosperity and America's PAC"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Starting in 2005, Cain worked for the political advocacy group <a href="/wiki/Americans_for_Prosperity" title="Americans for Prosperity">Americans for Prosperity</a> (AFP) alongside <a href="/wiki/Mark_Block" title="Mark Block">Mark Block</a>. Block would later become campaign manager for Cain's 2012 presidential run and would be joined in Cain's campaign by several other AFP employees. Cain continued to receive honoraria for speaking at AFP events until he announced his campaign for the Republican nomination.<sup id="cite_ref-55" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-55"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>55<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Cain's senior economic advisor during his 2012 presidential campaign, Rich Lowrie, who helped devise Cain's 9–9–9 tax plan, had served on the AFP board.<sup id="cite_ref-56" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-56"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>56<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 2006, Cain voiced several radio ads encouraging people of color to vote Republican; the ads were funded by a group called America's PAC and its founder <a href="/wiki/J._Patrick_Rooney" title="J. Patrick Rooney">J. Patrick Rooney</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-americaspac_57-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-americaspac-57"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>57<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="2012_presidential_campaign">2012 presidential campaign</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Herman_Cain&action=edit&section=15" title="Edit section: 2012 presidential campaign"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Herman_Cain_2012_presidential_campaign" title="Herman Cain 2012 presidential campaign">Herman Cain 2012 presidential campaign</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Herman_Cain_by_Gage_Skidmore_2.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a7/Herman_Cain_by_Gage_Skidmore_2.jpg/220px-Herman_Cain_by_Gage_Skidmore_2.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="160" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a7/Herman_Cain_by_Gage_Skidmore_2.jpg/330px-Herman_Cain_by_Gage_Skidmore_2.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a7/Herman_Cain_by_Gage_Skidmore_2.jpg/440px-Herman_Cain_by_Gage_Skidmore_2.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3636" data-file-height="2646" /></a><figcaption>Cain speaking at the <a href="/wiki/Ames_Straw_Poll" class="mw-redirect" title="Ames Straw Poll">Ames Straw Poll</a> in August 2011</figcaption></figure> <p>A <a href="/wiki/Tea_Party_movement" title="Tea Party movement">Tea Party</a> activist,<sup id="cite_ref-Memmot_58-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Memmot-58"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>58<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Cain addressed numerous Tea Party rallies in 2010.<sup id="cite_ref-Green_6-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Green-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Following the <a href="/wiki/2010_midterm_elections" class="mw-redirect" title="2010 midterm elections">2010 midterm elections</a>, Cain announced his intentions to run for president in December 2010, stating that there was a 70% chance that he would attempt to seek the office.<sup id="cite_ref-59" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-59"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>59<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Later that month, he was the "surprise choice" for 2012 GOP nominee in a <a href="/wiki/RedState" title="RedState">RedState</a> reader poll.<sup id="cite_ref-Green_6-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Green-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Cain announced the formation of an <a href="/wiki/Exploratory_committee" title="Exploratory committee">exploratory committee</a> on January 12, 2011,<sup id="cite_ref-cnn_60-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-cnn-60"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>60<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-61" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-61"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>61<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> before formally announcing his candidacy on May 21 in Atlanta.<sup id="cite_ref-FOX-announce_62-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOX-announce-62"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>62<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Straw_poll_victories">Straw poll victories</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Herman_Cain&action=edit&section=16" title="Edit section: Straw poll victories"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Cain's addresses to conservative groups were well received,<sup id="cite_ref-63" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-63"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>63<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and in late September and early October 2011, Cain won the straw polls of the <a href="/wiki/Florida_Republican_Party" class="mw-redirect" title="Florida Republican Party">Florida Republican Party</a>, TeaCon, and the <a href="/wiki/National_Federation_of_Republican_Women" title="National Federation of Republican Women">National Federation of Republican Women</a>'s Convention.<sup id="cite_ref-autogenerated1_64-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-autogenerated1-64"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>64<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-65" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-65"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>65<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> "My focus groups have consistently picked Herman Cain as the most likeable candidate in the debates," said GOP pollster <a href="/wiki/Frank_Luntz" title="Frank Luntz">Frank Luntz</a>. "Don't underestimate the power of likability, even in a Republican primary. The more likeable the candidate, the greater the electoral potential."<sup id="cite_ref-autogenerated1_64-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-autogenerated1-64"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>64<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-66" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-66"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>66<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="9–9–9_Plan"><span id="9.E2.80.939.E2.80.939_Plan"></span>9–9–9 Plan</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Herman_Cain&action=edit&section=17" title="Edit section: 9–9–9 Plan"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/9%E2%80%939%E2%80%939_Plan" title="9–9–9 Plan">9–9–9 Plan</a></div> <p>In July 2011, an advisor suggested that his campaign's tax policy plan be called "the Optimal Tax", but Cain rejected the name, saying "we're just going to call it what it is: 9–9–9 Plan."<sup id="cite_ref-WSJ-999_67-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-WSJ-999-67"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>67<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The plan would have replaced the then current tax code with a 9-percent business transactions tax, a 9-percent personal income tax, and a 9-percent federal sales tax. During a debate on October 12, Cain said his plan "expands the base," arguing that "when you expand the base, we can arrive at the lowest possible rate, which is 9–9–9."<sup id="cite_ref-Bloomberg-999_68-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Bloomberg-999-68"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>68<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> An analysis released to <a href="/wiki/Bloomberg_News" title="Bloomberg News">Bloomberg News</a> by the campaign claimed that the rate for each of the three taxes could in fact be as low as 7.3%, but "poverty grants"—which Cain described as a lower rate in targeted "empowerment zones"<sup id="cite_ref-69" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-69"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>69<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>—necessitated a national rate of nine percent.<sup id="cite_ref-Bloomberg-999_68-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Bloomberg-999-68"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>68<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Paul_Krugman" title="Paul Krugman">Paul Krugman</a> criticized the plan, saying it shifts much of the current tax burden from the rich to the poor.<sup id="cite_ref-70" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-70"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>70<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Arthur_Laffer" title="Arthur Laffer">Arthur Laffer</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-WSJ-999_67-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-WSJ-999-67"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>67<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Lawrence_Kudlow" class="mw-redirect" title="Lawrence Kudlow">Lawrence Kudlow</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-71" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-71"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>71<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> the <a href="/wiki/Club_for_Growth" title="Club for Growth">Club for Growth</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-72" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-72"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>72<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and Congressman <a href="/wiki/Paul_Ryan" title="Paul Ryan">Paul Ryan</a><sup id="cite_ref-73" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-73"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>73<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> spoke favorably of the plan. On October 21, Cain told a crowd in Detroit that the plan would be 9–0–9 for the poor, saying that "if you are at or below the poverty level ... then you don't pay that middle nine on your income."<sup id="cite_ref-74" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-74"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>74<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Cain's 9–9–9 plan attracted skepticism from his fellow candidates at numerous Republican debates.<sup id="cite_ref-latimes_75-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-latimes-75"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>75<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Sexual_harassment_allegations">Sexual harassment allegations</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Herman_Cain&action=edit&section=18" title="Edit section: Sexual harassment allegations"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Herman_Cain_2012_presidential_campaign#Sexual_harassment_allegations" title="Herman Cain 2012 presidential campaign">Herman Cain 2012 presidential campaign § Sexual harassment allegations</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Herman_Cain_by_Gage_Skidmore_6.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7b/Herman_Cain_by_Gage_Skidmore_6.jpg/220px-Herman_Cain_by_Gage_Skidmore_6.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7b/Herman_Cain_by_Gage_Skidmore_6.jpg/330px-Herman_Cain_by_Gage_Skidmore_6.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7b/Herman_Cain_by_Gage_Skidmore_6.jpg/440px-Herman_Cain_by_Gage_Skidmore_6.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4752" data-file-height="3168" /></a><figcaption>Cain in <a href="/wiki/Scottsdale,_Arizona" title="Scottsdale, Arizona">Scottsdale</a>, Arizona, in November 2011</figcaption></figure> <p>In late October 2011, <i><a href="/wiki/Politico_(newspaper)" class="mw-redirect" title="Politico (newspaper)">Politico</a></i> reported that Cain had been accused by two women of sexual harassment and misconduct during his time as CEO of the <a href="/wiki/National_Restaurant_Association" title="National Restaurant Association">National Restaurant Association</a> in the late 1990s.<sup id="cite_ref-politico-accused_76-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-politico-accused-76"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>76<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-77" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-77"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>77<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Two other women made additional harassment accusations later on. Cain acknowledged that the restaurant organization made financial settlements to the complainants. Two of the four women came forward publicly: Sharon Bialek and Karen Kraushaar.<sup id="cite_ref-78" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-78"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>78<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>On November 28, 2011, Cain asserted that a woman named Ginger White claimed to have had an affair with him and that the allegation was not true.<sup id="cite_ref-CBSmadison_79-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-CBSmadison-79"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>79<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In an interview with White, which aired on the same day, she stated that the affair lasted 13 years and ended right before Cain announced his presidential campaign.<sup id="cite_ref-80" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-80"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>80<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> On November 30, 2011, at an event in <a href="/wiki/Dayton,_Ohio" title="Dayton, Ohio">Dayton, Ohio</a>, Cain denounced the allegations of <a href="/wiki/Sexual_harassment" title="Sexual harassment">sexual harassment</a> and <a href="/wiki/Adultery" title="Adultery">adultery</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-81" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-81"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>81<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="End_of_2012_campaign">End of 2012 campaign</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Herman_Cain&action=edit&section=19" title="Edit section: End of 2012 campaign"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>On December 3, 2011, Cain suspended his campaign. The sexual harassment claims were widely considered responsible for the sharp drop in his poll numbers.<sup id="cite_ref-82" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-82"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>82<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-83" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-83"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>83<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>According to a <a href="/wiki/Pew_Research_Center" title="Pew Research Center">Pew Research Center</a> report on December 21, 2011, Cain was the "most covered candidate" among the Republicans during that year.<sup id="cite_ref-84" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-84"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>84<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Cain's_Solutions_Revolution"><span id="Cain.27s_Solutions_Revolution"></span>Cain's Solutions Revolution</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Herman_Cain&action=edit&section=20" title="Edit section: Cain's Solutions Revolution"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>On January 4, 2012, Cain announced the "Cain's Solutions Revolution". Cain's stated goal was to get commitments from members of Congress to support the 9–9–9 Plan before the 2012 elections.<sup id="cite_ref-solutionone_85-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-solutionone-85"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>85<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Cain stated that he started a new movement because the "biggest comment I got when I ended my candidacy was to keep 9–9–9 alive. That's what this is about, and I'm going to keep it alive with what I'm calling Cain's Solutions Revolution."<sup id="cite_ref-two999_86-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-two999-86"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>86<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In order to promote this movement, Cain employed both a bus tour and a new website.<sup id="cite_ref-y3999_87-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-y3999-87"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>87<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <i><a href="/wiki/New_York_(magazine)" title="New York (magazine)">New York</a></i> magazine stated, "It's Cain's earnest effort to keep 9–9–9 alive and focus on solutions."<sup id="cite_ref-z4999_88-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-z4999-88"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>88<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> On January 20, 2012, Cain spoke at <a href="/wiki/Stephen_Colbert" title="Stephen Colbert">Stephen Colbert</a>'s "Rock Me Like a Herman Cain: South Cain-Olina Primary Rally".<sup id="cite_ref-c12112_89-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-c12112-89"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>89<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <i><a href="/wiki/The_Huffington_Post" class="mw-redirect" title="The Huffington Post">The Huffington Post</a></i> reported the crowd size was between 3,000 and 5,000 people. It was described at the time as "the largest campaign rally so far during this GOP presidential primary season".<sup id="cite_ref-b12112_90-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-b12112-90"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>90<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="State_of_the_Union_response">State of the Union response</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Herman_Cain&action=edit&section=21" title="Edit section: State of the Union response"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>For President <a href="/wiki/Barack_Obama" title="Barack Obama">Barack Obama</a>'s <a href="/wiki/2012_State_of_the_Union_address" class="mw-redirect" title="2012 State of the Union address">2012 State of the Union address</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Tea_Party_Express" title="Tea Party Express">Tea Party Express</a> chose Cain to give its second annual response.<sup id="cite_ref-s12112_91-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-s12112-91"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>91<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> After Indiana Governor <a href="/wiki/Mitch_Daniels" title="Mitch Daniels">Mitch Daniels</a> gave the official GOP response,<sup id="cite_ref-s32112_92-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-s32112-92"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>92<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Cain delivered his speech at the <a href="/wiki/National_Press_Club_(USA)" class="mw-redirect" title="National Press Club (USA)">National Press Club</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-s22112_93-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-s22112-93"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>93<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The speech was streamed live on the Tea Party Express website.<sup id="cite_ref-s32112_92-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-s32112-92"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>92<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-s52112_94-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-s52112-94"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>94<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Cain referred to Obama's address as a "hodgepodge of liberal ideas," adding that there were "no big ideas that would impact job growth" and "no big ideas that would stimulate economic growth in this country."<sup id="cite_ref-s42112_95-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-s42112-95"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>95<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Call_for_a_third_party">Call for a third party</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Herman_Cain&action=edit&section=22" title="Edit section: Call for a third party"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Although <a href="/wiki/Mitt_Romney" title="Mitt Romney">Mitt Romney</a> was endorsed by Cain on May 15, 2012,<sup id="cite_ref-96" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-96"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>96<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> he would eventually lose the general election to President Obama.<sup id="cite_ref-97" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-97"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>97<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Cain then told <a href="/wiki/Bryan_Fischer" title="Bryan Fischer">Bryan Fischer</a> that the Republican Party no longer represented the interests of conservatives in the United States and that it did not have "the ability to rebrand itself." He asserted that "a legitimate <a href="/wiki/Third_party_(United_States)" class="mw-redirect" title="Third party (United States)">third party</a>" would be needed to replace it.<sup id="cite_ref-thirdparty_98-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-thirdparty-98"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>98<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Personal_life">Personal life</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Herman_Cain&action=edit&section=23" title="Edit section: Personal life"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Cain married Gloria Etchison of Atlanta soon after her graduation from <a href="/wiki/Morris_Brown_College" title="Morris Brown College">Morris Brown College</a> in 1968.<sup id="cite_ref-99" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-99"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>99<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-100" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-100"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>100<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> They had a daughter named Melanie, a son named Vincent, and four grandchildren.<sup id="cite_ref-CNN_obituary_101-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-CNN_obituary-101"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>101<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-102" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-102"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>102<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Cain served as an associate minister at the <a href="/wiki/Antioch_Baptist_Church_North" title="Antioch Baptist Church North">Antioch Baptist Church North</a> in Atlanta, which he joined at the age of 10.<sup id="cite_ref-103" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-103"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>103<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The church is part of the <a href="/wiki/National_Baptist_Convention,_USA,_Inc." title="National Baptist Convention, USA, Inc.">National Baptist Convention</a><sup id="cite_ref-104" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-104"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>104<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and is politically liberal and theologically conservative. The church's senior pastor, Rev. <a href="/wiki/Cameron_M._Alexander" title="Cameron M. Alexander">Cameron M. Alexander</a>, did not share Cain's political philosophy.<sup id="cite_ref-105" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-105"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>105<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 2006, Cain was diagnosed with <a href="/wiki/Cancer_staging" title="Cancer staging">stage IV</a> <a href="/wiki/Colon_cancer" class="mw-redirect" title="Colon cancer">colon cancer</a> that had spread <a href="/wiki/Liver_cancer" title="Liver cancer">to his liver</a> and was given a 30% chance of survival. After surgery and <a href="/wiki/Chemotherapy" title="Chemotherapy">chemotherapy</a>, the cancer was reported to be in remission.<sup id="cite_ref-106" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-106"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>106<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Disclosures filed during Cain's 2011 campaign categorized his wealth at that time as being between $2.9 and $6.6 million, with his combined income for both 2010 and 2011 being between $1.1 and $2.1 million.<sup id="cite_ref-godfathersyears_16-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-godfathersyears-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Death">Death</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Herman_Cain&action=edit&section=24" title="Edit section: Death"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Cain opposed <a href="/wiki/Face_masks_during_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_the_United_States" title="Face masks during the COVID-19 pandemic in the United States">wearing face masks</a> and <a href="/wiki/Social_distancing_measures_related_to_the_COVID-19_pandemic" title="Social distancing measures related to the COVID-19 pandemic">social distancing</a> during the <a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic" title="COVID-19 pandemic">COVID-19 pandemic</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-107" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-107"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>107<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-:2_108-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:2-108"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>108<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-109" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-109"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>109<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He attended the <a href="/wiki/2020_Tulsa_Trump_rally" title="2020 Tulsa Trump rally">Donald Trump rally in Tulsa</a> on June 20, 2020, and was photographed not wearing a mask in a crowd of people also not wearing masks.<sup id="cite_ref-110" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-110"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>110<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> On June 29, he tested positive for COVID-19 and was admitted to a hospital in <a href="/wiki/Atlanta" title="Atlanta">Atlanta</a> two days later.<sup id="cite_ref-foxhosp_111-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-foxhosp-111"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>111<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> On July 2, his staff said there was "no way of knowing for sure how or where" he became infected.<sup id="cite_ref-foxhosp_111-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-foxhosp-111"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>111<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Cain's website editor Dan Calabrese said, "I realize people will speculate about the Tulsa rally, but Herman did a lot of traveling [that] week, including to <a href="/wiki/Arizona" title="Arizona">Arizona</a> where cases [were] spiking."<sup id="cite_ref-:1_43-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:1-43"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>43<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Cain died of COVID-19 complications at the hospital on July 30, 2020, at the age of 74.<sup id="cite_ref-112" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-112"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>112<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> His death from COVID-19 following his refusal to protect himself from it led to the creation of the <a href="/wiki/Herman_Cain_Award" title="Herman Cain Award">Herman Cain Award</a> <a href="/wiki/Subreddit" class="mw-redirect" title="Subreddit">subreddit</a>, where users share news stories about people who died from COVID-19 after downplaying its deadliness or expressing doubts about the efficacy of precautions against it.<sup id="cite_ref-Loofbourow_2021_113-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Loofbourow_2021-113"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>113<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-West_2021_114-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-West_2021-114"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>114<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> One month after his death, his official <a href="/wiki/Twitter" title="Twitter">Twitter</a> account (which had come under the control of his team and family members) posted that "it looks like the virus is not as deadly as the mainstream media first made it out to be",<sup id="cite_ref-115" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-115"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>115<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> sparking a discussion about Twitter policies for deceased account holders.<sup id="cite_ref-116" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-116"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>116<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In her 2023 memoir <a href="/wiki/Enough_(book)" title="Enough (book)"><i>Enough</i></a>, former White House aide <a href="/wiki/Cassidy_Hutchinson" title="Cassidy Hutchinson">Cassidy Hutchinson</a> noted that Trump's Chief of Staff <a href="/wiki/Mark_Meadows" title="Mark Meadows">Mark Meadows</a> reacted to Cain's passing by remarking "we killed Herman Cain" in reference to the 2020 Tulsa rally.<sup id="cite_ref-117" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-117"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>117<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Bibliography">Bibliography</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Herman_Cain&action=edit&section=25" title="Edit section: Bibliography"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"><table class="infobox" style="clear: right; float:right;margin:0 0 1.5em 1.5em"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above" style="font-size:115%">External videos</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" style="text-align: left"><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="video icon" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/Nuvola_apps_kaboodle.svg/16px-Nuvola_apps_kaboodle.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/Nuvola_apps_kaboodle.svg/24px-Nuvola_apps_kaboodle.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/Nuvola_apps_kaboodle.svg/32px-Nuvola_apps_kaboodle.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="128" data-file-height="128" /></span></span> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.c-span.org/video/?187371-1/they-stupid-book-party">Book party for <i>They Think You're Stupid</i>, May 16, 2005</a>, <a href="/wiki/C-SPAN" title="C-SPAN">C-SPAN</a></td></tr></tbody></table> <ul><li>"The Intangibles of Implementation" in the technical journal <i><a href="/wiki/Interfaces_(operations_research)" class="mw-redirect" title="Interfaces (operations research)">Interfaces</a></i> (Vol. 9, No. 5, 1979, pp. 144–147), published by the Institute for Operations Research and the Management Sciences (<a href="/wiki/INFORMS" class="mw-redirect" title="INFORMS">INFORMS</a>).</li> <li><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation book cs1"><i>Leadership Is Common Sense</i> (2nd ed.). Tapestry. 2000 [1997]. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-930819-02-3" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-930819-02-3"><bdi>978-1-930819-02-3</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Leadership+Is+Common+Sense&rft.edition=2nd&rft.pub=Tapestry&rft.date=2000&rft.isbn=978-1-930819-02-3&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHerman+Cain" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation book cs1"><span class="id-lock-registration" title="Free registration required"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/speakasleaderdev0000cain"><i>Speak as a Leader</i></a></span>. <a href="/wiki/Lebhar-Friedman_Books" class="mw-redirect" title="Lebhar-Friedman Books">Lebhar-Friedman Books</a>. 1999. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-86730-782-5" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-86730-782-5"><bdi>978-0-86730-782-5</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Speak+as+a+Leader&rft.pub=Lebhar-Friedman+Books&rft.date=1999&rft.isbn=978-0-86730-782-5&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fspeakasleaderdev0000cain&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHerman+Cain" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation book cs1"><span class="id-lock-registration" title="Free registration required"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/ceoofselfyourein0000cain"><i>CEO of SELF</i></a></span>. Tapestry. 2001. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-930819-04-7" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-930819-04-7"><bdi>978-1-930819-04-7</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=CEO+of+SELF&rft.pub=Tapestry&rft.date=2001&rft.isbn=978-1-930819-04-7&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fceoofselfyourein0000cain&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHerman+Cain" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation book cs1"><i>They Think You're Stupid: Why Democrats Lost Your Vote and What Republicans Must Do to Keep It</i>. Stroud & Hall. 2011 [2005]. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-9796462-7-0" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-9796462-7-0"><bdi>978-0-9796462-7-0</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=They+Think+You%27re+Stupid%3A+Why+Democrats+Lost+Your+Vote+and+What+Republicans+Must+Do+to+Keep+It&rft.pub=Stroud+%26+Hall&rft.date=2011&rft.isbn=978-0-9796462-7-0&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHerman+Cain" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/This_is_Herman_Cain!:_My_Journey_to_the_White_House" class="mw-redirect" title="This is Herman Cain!: My Journey to the White House"><i>This Is Herman Cain!: My Journey to the White House</i></a>. <a href="/wiki/Threshold_Editions" title="Threshold Editions">Threshold Editions</a>. 2011. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-4516-6613-7" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-4516-6613-7"><bdi>978-1-4516-6613-7</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=This+Is+Herman+Cain%21%3A+My+Journey+to+the+White+House&rft.pub=Threshold+Editions&rft.date=2011&rft.isbn=978-1-4516-6613-7&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHerman+Cain" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/9%E2%80%939%E2%80%939:_An_Army_of_Davids" title="9–9–9: An Army of Davids"><i>9–9–9: An Army of Davids</i></a>. Velocity Mascot. 2012. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-62086-030-4" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-62086-030-4"><bdi>978-1-62086-030-4</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=9%E2%80%939%E2%80%939%3A+An+Army+of+Davids&rft.pub=Velocity+Mascot&rft.date=2012&rft.isbn=978-1-62086-030-4&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHerman+Cain" class="Z3988"></span></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Herman_Cain&action=edit&section=26" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_African-American_Republicans" title="List of African-American Republicans">List of African-American Republicans</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Herman_Cain&action=edit&section=27" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation book cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/currentbiography0000unse_z0h6/page/102">"Cain, Herman"</a>. <i>Current Biography Yearbook 2011</i>. Ipswich, MA: H.W. Wilson. 2011. pp. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/currentbiography0000unse_z0h6/page/102">102–106</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780824211219" title="Special:BookSources/9780824211219"><bdi>9780824211219</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Cain%2C+Herman&rft.btitle=Current+Biography+Yearbook+2011&rft.place=Ipswich%2C+MA&rft.pages=102-106&rft.pub=H.W.+Wilson&rft.date=2011&rft.isbn=9780824211219&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fcurrentbiography0000unse_z0h6%2Fpage%2F102&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHerman+Cain" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKing2011" class="citation news cs1">King, Neil Jr. (May 9, 2011). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.wsj.com/articles/SB10001424052748704681904576311474087295408">"GOP Debate Fuels a Long Shot"</a>. <i>The Wall Street Journal</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">May 16,</span> 2011</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Wall+Street+Journal&rft.atitle=GOP+Debate+Fuels+a+Long+Shot&rft.date=2011-05-09&rft.aulast=King&rft.aufirst=Neil+Jr.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.wsj.com%2Farticles%2FSB10001424052748704681904576311474087295408&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHerman+Cain" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLi2011" class="citation web cs1">Li, Hao (May 21, 2011). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ibtimes.com/articles/149706/20110521/herman-cain-2012.htm">"Herman Cain 2012: The Story of a Self-Made Man"</a>. <i>International Business Times</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">February 10,</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=International+Business+Times&rft.atitle=Herman+Cain+2012%3A+The+Story+of+a+Self-Made+Man&rft.date=2011-05-21&rft.aulast=Li&rft.aufirst=Hao&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ibtimes.com%2Farticles%2F149706%2F20110521%2Fherman-cain-2012.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHerman+Cain" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCain,_Herman.2011" class="citation book cs1">Cain, Herman. (2011). <i>This is Herman Cain! : my journey to the White House</i> (1st Threshold editions hardcover ed.). 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">July 31,</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Slate&rft.atitle=Herman+Cain%2C+Conservative+Culture+Warrior+Who+Opposed+Mask+Mandates%2C+Dies+of+COVID-19&rft.date=2020-07-30&rft.aulast=Stahl&rft.aufirst=Jeremy&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fslate.com%2Fnews-and-politics%2F2020%2F07%2Fherman-cain-mask-mandate-opponent-dies-covid-19-tulsa.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHerman+Cain" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-109"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-109">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPeters2020" class="citation news cs1">Peters, Jeremy W. (July 30, 2020). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/2020/07/30/us/politics/herman-cain-gop-coronavirus.html">"Will Herman Cain's Death Change Republican Views on the Virus and Masks?"</a>. <i>The New York Times</i>. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0362-4331">0362-4331</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">July 31,</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=Will+Herman+Cain%27s+Death+Change+Republican+Views+on+the+Virus+and+Masks%3F&rft.date=2020-07-30&rft.issn=0362-4331&rft.aulast=Peters&rft.aufirst=Jeremy+W.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F2020%2F07%2F30%2Fus%2Fpolitics%2Fherman-cain-gop-coronavirus.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHerman+Cain" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-110"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-110">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSolender2020" class="citation news cs1">Solender, Andrew (July 2, 2020). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200703090134/https://www.forbes.com/sites/andrewsolender/2020/07/02/herman-cain-hospitalized-with-covid-19-after-attending-trump-tulsa-rally-maskless/">"Herman Cain Hospitalized With COVID-19 After Attending Trump Tulsa Rally Maskless"</a>. <i>Forbes</i>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.forbes.com/sites/andrewsolender/2020/07/02/herman-cain-hospitalized-with-covid-19-after-attending-trump-tulsa-rally-maskless/">the original</a> on July 3, 2020<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">July 2,</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Forbes&rft.atitle=Herman+Cain+Hospitalized+With+COVID-19+After+Attending+Trump+Tulsa+Rally+Maskless&rft.date=2020-07-02&rft.aulast=Solender&rft.aufirst=Andrew&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.forbes.com%2Fsites%2Fandrewsolender%2F2020%2F07%2F02%2Fherman-cain-hospitalized-with-covid-19-after-attending-trump-tulsa-rally-maskless%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHerman+Cain" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-foxhosp-111"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-foxhosp_111-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-foxhosp_111-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFO'Reilly2020" class="citation news cs1">O'Reilly, Andrew (July 2, 2020). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.foxnews.com/politics/herman-cain-hospitalized-after-testing-postive-for-coronavirus">"Herman Cain hospitalized after testing positive for coronavirus"</a>. Fox News<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">July 2,</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Herman+Cain+hospitalized+after+testing+positive+for+coronavirus&rft.date=2020-07-02&rft.aulast=O%27Reilly&rft.aufirst=Andrew&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.foxnews.com%2Fpolitics%2Fherman-cain-hospitalized-after-testing-postive-for-coronavirus&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHerman+Cain" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-112"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-112">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFEdelman2020" class="citation news cs1">Edelman, Adam (July 30, 2020). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nbcnews.com/politics/politics-news/former-gop-presidential-candidate-herman-cain-dead-coronavirus-n1235312">"Former GOP presidential candidate Herman Cain dies of COVID-19"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/NBC_News" title="NBC News">NBC News</a></i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">August 9,</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=NBC+News&rft.atitle=Former+GOP+presidential+candidate+Herman+Cain+dies+of+COVID-19&rft.date=2020-07-30&rft.aulast=Edelman&rft.aufirst=Adam&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nbcnews.com%2Fpolitics%2Fpolitics-news%2Fformer-gop-presidential-candidate-herman-cain-dead-coronavirus-n1235312&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHerman+Cain" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Loofbourow_2021-113"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Loofbourow_2021_113-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLoofbourow2021" class="citation web cs1">Loofbourow, Lili (September 21, 2021). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://slate.com/technology/2021/09/hermancainaward-subreddit-antivaxxer-deaths-cataloged.html">"The Unbelievable Grimness of HermanCainAward, the Subreddit That Catalogs Anti-Vaxxer COVID Deaths"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Slate_(magazine)" title="Slate (magazine)">Slate</a></i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210921190634/https://slate.com/technology/2021/09/hermancainaward-subreddit-antivaxxer-deaths-celebrated.html">Archived</a> from the original on September 21, 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Slate&rft.atitle=The+Unbelievable+Grimness+of+HermanCainAward%2C+the+Subreddit+That+Catalogs+Anti-Vaxxer+COVID+Deaths&rft.date=2021-09-21&rft.aulast=Loofbourow&rft.aufirst=Lili&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fslate.com%2Ftechnology%2F2021%2F09%2Fhermancainaward-subreddit-antivaxxer-deaths-cataloged.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHerman+Cain" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-West_2021-114"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-West_2021_114-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWest2021" class="citation web cs1">West, Phil (September 8, 2021). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.dailydot.com/debug/hermancainaward-redditors-doxing-harassing-covid-patients/">"<span class="cs1-kern-left"></span>'He was so dumb': Redditors from HermanCainAward sub called out for 'doxing, harassing' families of deceased COVID patients"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/The_Daily_Dot" title="The Daily Dot">The Daily Dot</a></i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210908145323/https://www.dailydot.com/debug/hermancainaward-redditors-doxing-harassing-covid-patients/">Archived</a> from the original on September 8, 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+Daily+Dot&rft.atitle=%27He+was+so+dumb%27%3A+Redditors+from+HermanCainAward+sub+called+out+for+%27doxing%2C+harassing%27+families+of+deceased+COVID+patients&rft.date=2021-09-08&rft.aulast=West&rft.aufirst=Phil&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.dailydot.com%2Fdebug%2Fhermancainaward-redditors-doxing-harassing-covid-patients%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHerman+Cain" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-115"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-115">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://twitter.com/THEHermanCain/status/1300211456126803968">"Archived copy"</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200830231940/https://twitter.com/THEHermanCain/status/1300211456126803968">Archived</a> from the original on August 30, 2020<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">August 30,</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Archived+copy&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Ftwitter.com%2FTHEHermanCain%2Fstatus%2F1300211456126803968&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHerman+Cain" class="Z3988"></span><span class="cs1-maint citation-comment"><code class="cs1-code">{{<a href="/wiki/Template:Cite_web" title="Template:Cite web">cite web</a>}}</code>: CS1 maint: archived copy as title (<a href="/wiki/Category:CS1_maint:_archived_copy_as_title" title="Category:CS1 maint: archived copy as title">link</a>)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-116"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-116">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFVoytko-Best2021" class="citation magazine cs1">Voytko-Best, Lisette (June 29, 2021). <span class="id-lock-limited" title="Free access subject to limited trial, subscription normally required"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.forbes.com/sites/lisettevoytko/2020/08/31/herman-cain-tweets-coronavirus-not-that-deadly-despite-having-died-from-it/">"Herman Cain Tweets Coronavirus Not That Deadly—Despite Having Died From It"</a></span>. <i>Forbes</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">August 16,</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Forbes&rft.atitle=Herman+Cain+Tweets+Coronavirus+Not+That+Deadly%E2%80%94Despite+Having+Died+From+It&rft.date=2021-06-29&rft.aulast=Voytko-Best&rft.aufirst=Lisette&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.forbes.com%2Fsites%2Flisettevoytko%2F2020%2F08%2F31%2Fherman-cain-tweets-coronavirus-not-that-deadly-despite-having-died-from-it%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHerman+Cain" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-117"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-117">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFTapperHerbHumphrey2023" class="citation web cs1">Tapper, Jake; Herb, Jeremy; Humphrey, Makayla (September 26, 2023). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.cnn.com/2023/09/26/politics/cassidy-hutchinson-book-trump-white-house-chaos/index.html">"Cassidy Hutchinson's new book reveals a Trump White House even more chaotic than previously known | CNN Politics"</a>. <i>CNN</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">September 26,</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=CNN&rft.atitle=Cassidy+Hutchinson%27s+new+book+reveals+a+Trump+White+House+even+more+chaotic+than+previously+known+%7C+CNN+Politics&rft.date=2023-09-26&rft.aulast=Tapper&rft.aufirst=Jake&rft.au=Herb%2C+Jeremy&rft.au=Humphrey%2C+Makayla&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.cnn.com%2F2023%2F09%2F26%2Fpolitics%2Fcassidy-hutchinson-book-trump-white-house-chaos%2Findex.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHerman+Cain" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Herman_Cain&action=edit&section=28" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style 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//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/40px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></span></span></span><span class="sister-link"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Herman_Cain" class="extiw" title="c:Category:Herman Cain">Media</a> from Commons</span></li><li><span class="sister-logo"><span class="mw-valign-middle" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/24/Wikinews-logo.svg/27px-Wikinews-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="27" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/24/Wikinews-logo.svg/41px-Wikinews-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/24/Wikinews-logo.svg/54px-Wikinews-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="759" data-file-height="415" /></span></span></span><span class="sister-link"><a href="https://en.wikinews.org/wiki/Category:Herman_Cain" class="extiw" title="n:Category:Herman Cain">News</a> from Wikinews</span></li><li><span class="sister-logo"><span class="mw-valign-middle" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikiquote-logo.svg/23px-Wikiquote-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="27" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikiquote-logo.svg/35px-Wikiquote-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikiquote-logo.svg/46px-Wikiquote-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="355" /></span></span></span><span class="sister-link"><a href="https://en.wikiquote.org/wiki/Herman_Cain" class="extiw" title="q:Herman Cain">Quotations</a> from Wikiquote</span></li></ul></div></div> </div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120328215620/http://cainconnections.com/">Cain's Solution Revolution</a> official website, archived from March 2012</li></ul> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.fec.gov/data/candidate/P00003608">Financial information (federal office)</a> at the <a href="/wiki/Federal_Election_Commission" title="Federal Election Commission">Federal Election Commission</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://justfacts.votesmart.org/candidate/128737">Profile</a> at <a href="/wiki/Vote_Smart" title="Vote Smart">Vote Smart</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.c-span.org/person/?21719">Appearances</a> on <a href="/wiki/C-SPAN" title="C-SPAN">C-SPAN</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.opensecrets.org/pres12/candidate.php?id=N00009852">Financial information</a> at <a href="/wiki/OpenSecrets.org" class="mw-redirect" title="OpenSecrets.org">OpenSecrets.org</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.theatlantic.com/politics/archive/2011/01/watch-herman-cain-battle-bill-clinton-on-health-care/69683/">Watch Herman Cain Battle Bill Clinton on Health Care</a>, Joshua Green, <i><a href="/wiki/The_Atlantic" title="The Atlantic">The Atlantic</a></i>, January 2011, with <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.theatlantic.com/magazine/archive/1969/12/herman-cain-the-gop-wild-card/8367/">Profile</a></li></ul> <table class="wikitable succession-box noprint" style="margin:0.5em auto; font-size:small;clear:both;"> <tbody><tr> <th colspan="3" style="border-top: 5px solid #ffcc66;">Business positions </th></tr> <tr style="text-align:center;"> <td style="width:30%;" rowspan="1">Preceded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/William_Theisen" title="William Theisen">William Theisen</a></div> </td> <td style="width: 40%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1"><b> President and Chief Executive Officer of <a href="/wiki/Godfather%27s_Pizza" title="Godfather's Pizza">Godfather's Pizza</a> </b><br />1986–1996 </td> <td style="width: 30%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1">Succeeded by<div style="font-weight: bold">Ron Gartlan</div> </td></tr> <tr style="text-align:center;"> <td style="width:30%;" rowspan="1">Preceded by<div style="font-weight: bold">William Fisher</div> </td> <td style="width: 40%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1"><b> President and Chief Executive Officer of the <a href="/wiki/National_Restaurant_Association" title="National Restaurant Association">National Restaurant Association</a> </b><br />1996–1999 </td> <td style="width: 30%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1">Succeeded by<div style="font-weight: bold">Steven Anderson</div> </td></tr> <tr> <th colspan="3" style="border-top: 5px solid #bebebe;">Government offices </th></tr> <tr style="text-align:center;"> <td style="width:30%;" rowspan="1">Preceded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/Burton_A._Dole_Jr." title="Burton A. Dole Jr.">Burton Dole</a></div> </td> <td style="width: 40%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1"><b> Chair of the <a href="/wiki/Federal_Reserve_Bank_of_Kansas_City" title="Federal Reserve Bank of Kansas City">Federal Reserve Bank of Kansas City</a> </b><br />1995–1996 </td> <td style="width: 30%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1">Succeeded by<div style="font-weight: bold">Drue Jennings</div> </td></tr> </tbody></table> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236075235">.mw-parser-output .navbox{box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #a2a9b1;width:100%;clear:both;font-size:88%;text-align:center;padding:1px;margin:1em auto 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbox{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox,.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox-styles+.navbox{margin-top:-1px}.mw-parser-output .navbox-inner,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup{width:100%}.mw-parser-output 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.navbox-even{background-color:#f7f7f7}.mw-parser-output .navbox-odd{background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ul,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ul{padding:0.125em 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbar{display:block;font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title .navbar{float:left;text-align:left;margin-right:0.5em}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .navbox-image img{max-width:none!important}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .navbox{display:none!important}}</style></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="(←_1996)_2000_United_States_presidential_election_(2004_→)" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:2000_United_States_presidential_election" title="Template:2000 United States presidential election"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:2000_United_States_presidential_election" title="Template talk:2000 United States presidential election"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:2000_United_States_presidential_election" title="Special:EditPage/Template:2000 United States presidential election"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="(←_1996)_2000_United_States_presidential_election_(2004_→)" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">(<a href="/wiki/1996_United_States_presidential_election" title="1996 United States presidential election">← 1996</a>) <a href="/wiki/2000_United_States_presidential_election" title="2000 United States presidential election">2000 United States presidential election</a> (<a href="/wiki/2004_United_States_presidential_election" title="2004 United States presidential election">2004 →</a>)</div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div> <dl><dd><a href="/wiki/2000_United_States_presidential_election" title="2000 United States presidential election">General election results</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/2000_United_States_presidential_election_in_Florida" title="2000 United States presidential election in Florida">Florida results</a></dd></dl> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;box-shadow: inset -5px 0 0 0 #E81B23;"><a href="/wiki/Republican_Party_(United_States)" title="Republican Party (United States)">Republican Party</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/2000_Republican_National_Convention" title="2000 Republican National Convention">Convention</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2000_Republican_Party_presidential_primaries" title="2000 Republican Party presidential primaries">Primaries</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Candidates</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><b>Nominee: <a href="/wiki/George_W._Bush" title="George W. Bush">George W. Bush</a></b> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/George_W._Bush_2000_presidential_campaign" title="George W. Bush 2000 presidential campaign">campaign</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Political_positions_of_George_W._Bush" title="Political positions of George W. Bush">positions</a></li></ul></li> <li><b>VP nominee: <a href="/wiki/Dick_Cheney" title="Dick Cheney">Dick Cheney</a></b></li></ul> <ul><li><b>Other candidates</b></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lamar_Alexander" title="Lamar Alexander">Lamar Alexander</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gary_Bauer" title="Gary Bauer">Gary Bauer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pat_Buchanan" title="Pat Buchanan">Pat Buchanan</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Pat_Buchanan_2000_presidential_campaign" title="Pat Buchanan 2000 presidential campaign">campaign</a></li></ul></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Herman Cain</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Political_positions_of_Herman_Cain" title="Political positions of Herman Cain">positions</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elizabeth_Dole" title="Elizabeth Dole">Elizabeth Dole</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jack_Fellure" title="Jack Fellure">Jack Fellure</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Steve_Forbes" title="Steve Forbes">Steve Forbes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Orrin_Hatch" title="Orrin Hatch">Orrin Hatch</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Orrin_Hatch_2000_presidential_campaign" title="Orrin Hatch 2000 presidential campaign">campaign</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Kasich" title="John Kasich">John Kasich</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/John_Kasich_2000_presidential_campaign" title="John Kasich 2000 presidential campaign">campaign</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Political_positions_of_John_Kasich" class="mw-redirect" title="Political positions of John Kasich">positions</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alan_Keyes" title="Alan Keyes">Alan Keyes</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Alan_Keyes_2000_presidential_campaign" title="Alan Keyes 2000 presidential campaign">campaign</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Andy_Martin" title="Andy Martin">Andy Martin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_McCain" title="John McCain">John McCain</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/John_McCain_2000_presidential_campaign" title="John McCain 2000 presidential campaign">campaign</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Political_positions_of_John_McCain" title="Political positions of John McCain">positions</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dan_Quayle" title="Dan Quayle">Dan Quayle</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Dan_Quayle_2000_presidential_campaign" title="Dan Quayle 2000 presidential campaign">campaign</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bob_Smith_(New_Hampshire_politician)" title="Bob Smith (New Hampshire politician)">Bob Smith</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;box-shadow: inset -5px 0 0 0 #3333FF;"><a href="/wiki/Democratic_Party_(United_States)" title="Democratic Party (United States)">Democratic Party</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/2000_Democratic_National_Convention" title="2000 Democratic National Convention">Convention</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2000_Democratic_Party_presidential_primaries" title="2000 Democratic Party presidential primaries">Primaries</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Candidates</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><b>Nominee: <a href="/wiki/Al_Gore" title="Al Gore">Al Gore</a></b> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Al_Gore_2000_presidential_campaign" title="Al Gore 2000 presidential campaign">campaign</a></li></ul></li> <li><b>VP nominee: <a href="/wiki/Joe_Lieberman" title="Joe Lieberman">Joe Lieberman</a></b> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Political_positions_of_Joe_Lieberman" title="Political positions of Joe Lieberman">positions</a></li></ul></li></ul> <ul><li><b>Other candidates:</b> <a href="/wiki/Bill_Bradley" title="Bill Bradley">Bill Bradley</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bill_Bradley_2000_presidential_campaign" title="Bill Bradley 2000 presidential campaign">campaign</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lyndon_LaRouche" title="Lyndon LaRouche">Lyndon LaRouche</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Lyndon_LaRouche_U.S._presidential_campaigns" title="Lyndon LaRouche U.S. presidential campaigns">campaign</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Views_of_Lyndon_LaRouche_and_the_LaRouche_movement" title="Views of Lyndon LaRouche and the LaRouche movement">positions</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;box-shadow: inset -5px 0 0 0 #A356DE;"><a href="/wiki/Constitution_Party_(United_States)" title="Constitution Party (United States)">Constitution Party</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><b><a href="/wiki/Constitution_Party_National_Convention" title="Constitution Party National Convention">Convention</a></b></li> <li><b>Nominee: <a href="/wiki/Howard_Phillips_(activist)" title="Howard Phillips (activist)">Howard Phillips</a></b></li> <li><b>VP nominee: Curtis Frazier</b></li> <li><b>Other candidates:</b> <a href="/wiki/Herbert_Titus" title="Herbert Titus">Herb Titus</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;box-shadow: inset -5px 0 0 0 #17aa5c;"><a href="/wiki/Green_Party_of_the_United_States" title="Green Party of the United States">Green Party</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><b><a href="/wiki/2000_Green_National_Convention" title="2000 Green National Convention">Convention</a></b></li> <li><b>Nominee: <a href="/wiki/Ralph_Nader" title="Ralph Nader">Ralph Nader</a></b> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ralph_Nader_2000_presidential_campaign" title="Ralph Nader 2000 presidential campaign">campaign</a></li></ul></li> <li><b>VP nominee: <a href="/wiki/Winona_LaDuke" title="Winona LaDuke">Winona LaDuke</a></b></li> <li><b>Other candidates:</b> <a href="/wiki/Jello_Biafra" title="Jello Biafra">Jello Biafra</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stephen_Gaskin" title="Stephen Gaskin">Stephen Gaskin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joel_Kovel" title="Joel Kovel">Joel Kovel</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;box-shadow: inset -5px 0 0 0 #FED105;"><a href="/wiki/Libertarian_Party_(United_States)" title="Libertarian Party (United States)">Libertarian Party</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><b><a href="/wiki/2000_Libertarian_National_Convention" title="2000 Libertarian National Convention">Convention</a></b></li> <li><b>Nominee: <a href="/wiki/Harry_Browne" title="Harry Browne">Harry Browne</a></b> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Harry_Browne_2000_presidential_campaign" title="Harry Browne 2000 presidential campaign">campaign</a></li></ul></li> <li><b>VP nominee: <a href="/wiki/Art_Olivier" title="Art Olivier">Art Olivier</a></b></li> <li><b>Other candidates:</b></li> <li><a href="/wiki/L._Neil_Smith" title="L. Neil Smith">L. Neil Smith</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;box-shadow: inset -5px 0 0 0 #6A287E;"><a href="/wiki/Reform_Party_of_the_United_States_of_America" title="Reform Party of the United States of America">Reform Party</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><b><a href="/wiki/2000_Reform_Party_presidential_primaries" title="2000 Reform Party presidential primaries">Primaries</a></b></li> <li><b>Nominee: <a href="/wiki/Pat_Buchanan" title="Pat Buchanan">Pat Buchanan</a></b> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Pat_Buchanan_2000_presidential_campaign" title="Pat Buchanan 2000 presidential campaign">campaign</a></li></ul></li> <li><b>VP nominee: <a href="/wiki/Ezola_Foster" title="Ezola Foster">Ezola B. Foster</a></b></li> <li><b>Other candidates:</b> <a href="/wiki/John_Hagelin" title="John Hagelin">John Hagelin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Donald_Trump" title="Donald Trump">Donald Trump</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Donald_Trump_2000_presidential_campaign" title="Donald Trump 2000 presidential campaign">campaign</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Political_positions_of_Donald_Trump" title="Political positions of Donald Trump">positions</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;box-shadow: inset -5px 0 0 0 NavajoWhite;"><a href="/wiki/Natural_Law_Party_(United_States)" title="Natural Law Party (United States)">Natural Law Party</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><b>Nominee: <a href="/wiki/John_Hagelin" title="John Hagelin">John Hagelin</a></b></li> <li><b>VP nominee: <a href="/wiki/Nat_Goldhaber" title="Nat Goldhaber">Nat Goldhaber</a></b></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;box-shadow: inset -5px 0 0 0 #FF00FF;"><a href="/wiki/Prohibition_Party" title="Prohibition Party">Prohibition Party</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><b>Nominee: <a href="/wiki/Earl_Dodge" title="Earl Dodge">Earl Dodge</a></b></li> <li><b>VP nominee: <a href="/wiki/Dean_Watkins" class="mw-redirect" title="Dean Watkins">W. Dean Watkins</a></b></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;box-shadow: inset -5px 0 0 0 #CD3700;"><a href="/wiki/Socialist_Party_USA" title="Socialist Party USA">Socialist Party</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><b>Nominee: <a href="/wiki/David_McReynolds" title="David McReynolds">David McReynolds</a></b></li> <li><b>VP nominee: <a href="/wiki/Mary_Cal_Hollis" title="Mary Cal Hollis">Mary Cal Hollis</a></b></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;box-shadow: inset -5px 0 0 0 #AA0000;"><a href="/wiki/Socialist_Workers_Party_(United_States)" title="Socialist Workers Party (United States)">Socialist Workers Party</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><b>Nominee: <a href="/wiki/James_Harris_(Socialist_Workers_Party_politician)" title="James Harris (Socialist Workers Party politician)">James Harris</a></b></li> <li><b>VP nominee: <a href="/wiki/Margaret_Trowe" title="Margaret Trowe">Margaret Trowe</a></b></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;box-shadow: inset -5px 0 0 0 #FF33AA;"><a href="/wiki/Workers_World_Party" title="Workers World Party">Workers World Party</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><b>Nominee: <a href="/wiki/Monica_Moorehead" title="Monica Moorehead">Monica Moorehead</a></b></li> <li><b>VP nominee: <a href="/wiki/Gloria_La_Riva" title="Gloria La Riva">Gloria La Riva</a></b></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;box-shadow: inset -5px 0 0 0 #DDDDBB;"><a href="/wiki/Independent_politician" title="Independent politician">Independent</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cathy_Gordon_Brown" title="Cathy Gordon Brown">Cathy Gordon Brown</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_E._Collins_(politician)" title="Charles E. Collins (politician)">Charles E. Collins</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Isabell_Masters" title="Isabell Masters">Isabell Masters</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joe_Schriner" title="Joe Schriner">Joe Schriner</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Florida_election_recount_and_legal_proceedings" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/2000_United_States_presidential_election_recount_in_Florida" title="2000 United States presidential election recount in Florida">Florida election recount and legal proceedings</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Key figures</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Katherine_Harris" title="Katherine Harris">Katherine Harris</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jeb_Bush" title="Jeb Bush">Jeb Bush</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/David_Boies" title="David Boies">David Boies</a></li> <li class="mw-empty-elt"></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Theodore_Olson" title="Theodore Olson">Theodore Olson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_Baker" title="James Baker">James Baker</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ron_Klain" title="Ron Klain">Ron Klain</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Warren_Christopher" title="Warren Christopher">Warren Christopher</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Michael_Whouley" title="Michael Whouley">Michael Whouley</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Benjamin_Ginsberg_(lawyer)" title="Benjamin Ginsberg (lawyer)">Benjamin Ginsberg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bob_Butterworth" title="Bob Butterworth">Bob Butterworth</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joe_Allbaugh" title="Joe Allbaugh">Joe Allbaugh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mac_Stipanovich" title="Mac Stipanovich">Mac Stipanovich</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Craig_Waters" title="Craig Waters">Craig Waters</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Theresa_LePore" title="Theresa LePore">Theresa LePore</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Carol_Roberts_(politician)" title="Carol Roberts (politician)">Carol Roberts</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Election day</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Florida_Central_Voter_File" title="Florida Central Voter File">Florida Central Voter File</a> (scrub list)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Volusia_error" title="Volusia error">Volusia error</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chad_(paper)" title="Chad (paper)">Chad</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ballot#Design" title="Ballot">Butterfly ballot</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Aftermath and <br />legal proceedings</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Florida_election_recount" class="mw-redirect" title="Florida election recount">Florida election recount</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brooks_Brothers_riot" title="Brooks Brothers riot">Brooks Brothers riot</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Palm_Beach_County_Canvassing_Board_v._Harris_(Harris_I)" title="Palm Beach County Canvassing Board v. Harris (Harris I)"><i>Palm Beach County Canvassing Board v. Harris</i> (Harris I)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bush_v._Gore" title="Bush v. Gore"><i>Gore v. Harris</i> (Harris II)</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Bush_v._Palm_Beach_County_Canvassing_Board" title="Bush v. Palm Beach County Canvassing Board">Bush v. Palm Beach County Canvassing Board</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Bush_v._Gore" title="Bush v. Gore">Bush v. Gore</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Films</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Recount_(film)" title="Recount (film)">Recount</a></i> (2008)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Bush_Family_Fortunes:_The_Best_Democracy_Money_Can_Buy" title="Bush Family Fortunes: The Best Democracy Money Can Buy">Bush Family Fortunes</a></i> (2004)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Unprecedented:_The_2000_Presidential_Election" title="Unprecedented: The 2000 Presidential Election">Unprecedented: The 2000 Presidential Election</a></i> (2002)</li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div> <dl><dt><a href="/wiki/Template:United_States_elections,_2000" class="mw-redirect" title="Template:United States elections, 2000">Other 2000 elections</a></dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/2000_United_States_House_of_Representatives_elections" title="2000 United States House of Representatives elections">House</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/2000_United_States_Senate_elections" title="2000 United States Senate elections">Senate</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/2000_United_States_gubernatorial_elections" title="2000 United States gubernatorial elections">Gubernatorial</a></dd></dl> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="(←_2008)_2012_United_States_presidential_election_(2016_→)" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:2012_United_States_presidential_election" title="Template:2012 United States presidential election"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:2012_United_States_presidential_election" title="Template talk:2012 United States presidential election"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:2012_United_States_presidential_election" title="Special:EditPage/Template:2012 United States presidential election"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="(←_2008)_2012_United_States_presidential_election_(2016_→)" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">(<a href="/wiki/2008_United_States_presidential_election" title="2008 United States presidential election">← 2008</a>) <a href="/wiki/2012_United_States_presidential_election" title="2012 United States presidential election">2012 United States presidential election</a> (<a href="/wiki/2016_United_States_presidential_election" title="2016 United States presidential election">2016 →</a>)</div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Fundraising_for_the_2012_United_States_presidential_election" title="Fundraising for the 2012 United States presidential election">Fundraising</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nationwide_opinion_polling_for_the_2012_United_States_presidential_election" title="Nationwide opinion polling for the 2012 United States presidential election">National polls</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Statewide_opinion_polling_for_the_2012_United_States_presidential_election" title="Statewide opinion polling for the 2012 United States presidential election">Statewide polls</a> (<a href="/wiki/Pre-2012_statewide_opinion_polling_for_the_2012_United_States_presidential_election" title="Pre-2012 statewide opinion polling for the 2012 United States presidential election">pre-2012</a>, <a href="/wiki/Early/Mid_2012_statewide_opinion_polling_for_the_2012_United_States_presidential_election" title="Early/Mid 2012 statewide opinion polling for the 2012 United States presidential election">early 2012</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_the_2012_United_States_presidential_election" title="Timeline of the 2012 United States presidential election">Timeline</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2012_United_States_presidential_debates" title="2012 United States presidential debates">General election debates</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Newspaper_endorsements_in_the_2012_United_States_presidential_election" title="Newspaper endorsements in the 2012 United States presidential election">Newspaper endorsements</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Political_impact_of_Hurricane_Sandy" title="Political impact of Hurricane Sandy">Hurricane Sandy</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align: right;;box-shadow: inset -5px 0 0 0 #3333FF;">Democratic Party</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/2012_Democratic_National_Convention" title="2012 Democratic National Convention">Convention</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2012_Democratic_Party_presidential_primaries" title="2012 Democratic Party presidential primaries">Primaries</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Results_of_the_2012_Democratic_Party_presidential_primaries" title="Results of the 2012 Democratic Party presidential primaries">Results</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/2012_Democratic_Party_presidential_candidates" title="2012 Democratic Party presidential candidates">Candidates</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><b>Incumbent nominee: <a href="/wiki/Barack_Obama" title="Barack Obama">Barack Obama</a></b> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Barack_Obama_2012_presidential_campaign" title="Barack Obama 2012 presidential campaign">campaign</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Barack_Obama_2012_presidential_campaign_endorsements" title="List of Barack Obama 2012 presidential campaign endorsements">endorsements</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Political_positions_of_Barack_Obama" title="Political positions of Barack Obama">positions</a></li></ul></li> <li><b>Incumbent VP nominee: <a href="/wiki/Joe_Biden" title="Joe Biden">Joe Biden</a></b> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Political_positions_of_Joe_Biden" title="Political positions of Joe Biden">positions</a></li></ul></li></ul> <dl><dt>Challengers</dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/Bob_Ely" title="Bob Ely">Bob Ely</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Keith_Judd" title="Keith Judd">Keith Judd</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Warren_Mosler" title="Warren Mosler">Warren Mosler</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Vermin_Supreme" title="Vermin Supreme">Vermin Supreme</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Randall_Terry" title="Randall Terry">Randall Terry</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/John_Wolfe_Jr." title="John Wolfe Jr.">John Wolfe</a></dd></dl> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align: right;;box-shadow: inset -5px 0 0 0 #E81B23;">Republican Party</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/2012_Republican_National_Convention" title="2012 Republican National Convention">Convention</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2012_Republican_Party_presidential_primaries" title="2012 Republican Party presidential primaries">Primaries</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2012_Republican_Party_presidential_debates_and_forums" title="2012 Republican Party presidential debates and forums">Debates</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Statewide_opinion_polling_for_the_2012_Republican_Party_presidential_primaries" title="Statewide opinion polling for the 2012 Republican Party presidential primaries">Statewide polls</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nationwide_opinion_polling_for_the_2012_Republican_Party_presidential_primaries" title="Nationwide opinion polling for the 2012 Republican Party presidential primaries">National polls</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Straw_polls_for_the_2012_Republican_Party_presidential_primaries" title="Straw polls for the 2012 Republican Party presidential primaries">Straw polls</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/2012_Republican_Party_presidential_candidates" title="2012 Republican Party presidential candidates">Candidates</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><b>Nominee: <a href="/wiki/Mitt_Romney" title="Mitt Romney">Mitt Romney</a></b> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Mitt_Romney_2012_presidential_campaign" title="Mitt Romney 2012 presidential campaign">campaign</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Mitt_Romney_2012_presidential_campaign_endorsements" title="List of Mitt Romney 2012 presidential campaign endorsements">endorsements</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Political_positions_of_Mitt_Romney" title="Political positions of Mitt Romney">positions</a></li></ul></li> <li><b>VP nominee: <a href="/wiki/Paul_Ryan" title="Paul Ryan">Paul Ryan</a></b> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Political_positions_of_Paul_Ryan" title="Political positions of Paul Ryan">positions</a></li></ul></li></ul> <dl><dt>Other candidates</dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/Michele_Bachmann" title="Michele Bachmann">Michele Bachmann</a> <dl><dd><a href="/wiki/Michele_Bachmann_2012_presidential_campaign" title="Michele Bachmann 2012 presidential campaign">campaign</a></dd></dl></dd> <dd><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Herman Cain</a> <dl><dd><a href="/wiki/Herman_Cain_2012_presidential_campaign" title="Herman Cain 2012 presidential campaign">campaign</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Political_positions_of_Herman_Cain" title="Political positions of Herman Cain">positions</a></dd></dl></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Mark_Callahan" title="Mark Callahan">Mark Callahan</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Jack_Fellure" title="Jack Fellure">Jack Fellure</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Newt_Gingrich" title="Newt Gingrich">Newt Gingrich</a> <dl><dd><a href="/wiki/Newt_Gingrich_2012_presidential_campaign" title="Newt Gingrich 2012 presidential campaign">campaign</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Political_positions_of_Newt_Gingrich" title="Political positions of Newt Gingrich">positions</a></dd></dl></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Stewart_Greenleaf" title="Stewart Greenleaf">Stewart Greenleaf</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/John_Davis_Jr._(2012_presidential_candidate)" class="mw-redirect" title="John Davis Jr. (2012 presidential candidate)">John Davis</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Jon_Huntsman_Jr." title="Jon Huntsman Jr.">Jon Huntsman</a> <dl><dd><a href="/wiki/Jon_Huntsman_2012_presidential_campaign" title="Jon Huntsman 2012 presidential campaign">campaign</a></dd></dl></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Gary_Johnson" title="Gary Johnson">Gary Johnson</a> <dl><dd><a href="/wiki/Gary_Johnson_2012_presidential_campaign" title="Gary Johnson 2012 presidential campaign">campaign</a></dd></dl></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Fred_Karger" title="Fred Karger">Fred Karger</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Andy_Martin" title="Andy Martin">Andy Martin</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Thaddeus_McCotter" title="Thaddeus McCotter">Thaddeus McCotter</a> <dl><dd><a href="/wiki/Thaddeus_McCotter_2012_presidential_campaign" title="Thaddeus McCotter 2012 presidential campaign">campaign</a></dd></dl></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Jimmy_McMillan" title="Jimmy McMillan">Jimmy McMillan</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Roy_Moore" title="Roy Moore">Roy Moore</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Ron_Paul" title="Ron Paul">Ron Paul</a> <dl><dd><a href="/wiki/Ron_Paul_2012_presidential_campaign" title="Ron Paul 2012 presidential campaign">campaign</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Political_positions_of_Ron_Paul" title="Political positions of Ron Paul">positions</a></dd></dl></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Tim_Pawlenty" title="Tim Pawlenty">Tim Pawlenty</a> <dl><dd><a href="/wiki/Tim_Pawlenty_2012_presidential_campaign" title="Tim Pawlenty 2012 presidential campaign">campaign</a></dd></dl></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Rick_Perry" title="Rick Perry">Rick Perry</a> <dl><dd><a href="/wiki/Rick_Perry_2012_presidential_campaign" title="Rick Perry 2012 presidential campaign">campaign</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Political_positions_of_Rick_Perry" title="Political positions of Rick Perry">positions</a></dd></dl></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Buddy_Roemer" title="Buddy Roemer">Buddy Roemer</a> <dl><dd><a href="/wiki/Buddy_Roemer_2012_presidential_campaign" title="Buddy Roemer 2012 presidential campaign">campaign</a></dd></dl></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Rick_Santorum" title="Rick Santorum">Rick Santorum</a> <dl><dd><a href="/wiki/Rick_Santorum_2012_presidential_campaign" title="Rick Santorum 2012 presidential campaign">campaign</a></dd></dl></dd></dl> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align: right;;box-shadow: inset -5px 0 0 0 #FED105;">Libertarian Party</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/2012_Libertarian_National_Convention" title="2012 Libertarian National Convention">Convention</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Candidates</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><b>Nominee: <a href="/wiki/Gary_Johnson" title="Gary Johnson">Gary Johnson</a></b> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Gary_Johnson_2012_presidential_campaign" title="Gary Johnson 2012 presidential campaign">campaign</a></li></ul></li> <li><b>VP nominee: <a href="/wiki/Jim_Gray_(jurist)" title="Jim Gray (jurist)">Jim Gray</a></b></li></ul> <dl><dt>Other candidates</dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/Carl_Person" title="Carl Person">Carl Person</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Sam_Sloan" title="Sam Sloan">Sam Sloan</a></dd></dl> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align: right;;box-shadow: inset -5px 0 0 0 #17aa5c;">Green Party</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/2012_Green_National_Convention" title="2012 Green National Convention">Convention</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2012_Green_Party_presidential_primaries" title="2012 Green Party presidential primaries">Primaries</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Candidates</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><b>Nominee: <a href="/wiki/Jill_Stein" title="Jill Stein">Jill Stein</a></b> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Jill_Stein_2012_presidential_campaign" title="Jill Stein 2012 presidential campaign">campaign</a></li></ul></li> <li><b>VP nominee: <a href="/wiki/Cheri_Honkala" title="Cheri Honkala">Cheri Honkala</a></b></li></ul> <ul><li><b>Other candidates:</b> <a href="/wiki/Stewart_Alexander" title="Stewart Alexander">Stewart Alexander</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roseanne_Barr" title="Roseanne Barr">Roseanne Barr</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Other_third-party_and_independent_candidates" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Other <a href="/wiki/Third-party_and_independent_candidates_for_the_2012_United_States_presidential_election" title="Third-party and independent candidates for the 2012 United States presidential election">third-party and independent candidates</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;box-shadow: inset -5px 0 0 0 #800080;"><a href="/wiki/American_Independent_Party" title="American Independent Party">American Independent Party</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><b>Nominee: <a href="/wiki/Tom_Hoefling" title="Tom Hoefling">Tom Hoefling</a></b></li> <li>Other candidates: <a href="/wiki/Wiley_Drake" title="Wiley Drake">Wiley Drake</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Virgil_Goode" title="Virgil Goode">Virgil Goode</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Virgil_Goode_2012_presidential_campaign" title="Virgil Goode 2012 presidential campaign">campaign</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Edward_C._Noonan" title="Edward C. Noonan">Edward C. Noonan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Laurie_Roth" title="Laurie Roth">Laurie Roth</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;box-shadow: inset -5px 0 0 0 #F8F9FA;"><a href="/wiki/American_Freedom_Party" title="American Freedom Party">American Third Position Party</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><b>Nominee: <a href="/wiki/Merlin_Miller" title="Merlin Miller">Merlin Miller</a></b></li> <li><b>VP nominee: <a href="/wiki/Virginia_Abernethy" title="Virginia Abernethy">Virginia Abernethy</a></b></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;box-shadow: inset -5px 0 0 0 #A356DE;"><a href="/wiki/Constitution_Party_(United_States)" title="Constitution Party (United States)">Constitution Party</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/2012_Constitution_Party_National_Convention" class="mw-redirect" title="2012 Constitution Party National Convention">Convention</a></li> <li><b>Nominee: <a href="/wiki/Virgil_Goode" title="Virgil Goode">Virgil Goode</a></b> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Virgil_Goode_2012_presidential_campaign" title="Virgil Goode 2012 presidential campaign">campaign</a></li></ul></li> <li><b>VP nominee: Jim Clymer</b></li> <li><b>Other candidates:</b> <a href="/wiki/Laurie_Roth" title="Laurie Roth">Laurie Roth</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robby_Wells" title="Robby Wells">Robby Wells</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;box-shadow: inset -5px 0 0 0 red;"><a href="/wiki/Freedom_Socialist_Party" title="Freedom Socialist Party">Freedom Socialist Party</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><b>Nominee: Stephen Durham</b></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;box-shadow: inset -5px 0 0 0 #50C878;"><a href="/wiki/Grassroots%E2%80%93Legalize_Cannabis_Party" title="Grassroots–Legalize Cannabis Party">Grassroots Party</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <dl><dt>Nominee</dt> <dd><b><a href="/wiki/Jim_Carlson_(businessman)" title="Jim Carlson (businessman)">Jim Carlson</a></b></dd></dl> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;box-shadow: inset -5px 0 0 0 #ADD8E6;"><a href="/wiki/Justice_Party_(United_States)" title="Justice Party (United States)">Justice Party</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><b>Nominee: <a href="/wiki/Rocky_Anderson" title="Rocky Anderson">Rocky Anderson</a></b></li> <li><b>VP nominee: <a href="/wiki/Luis_J._Rodriguez" title="Luis J. Rodriguez">Luis J. Rodriguez</a></b></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;box-shadow: inset -5px 0 0 0 red;"><a href="/wiki/Party_for_Socialism_and_Liberation" title="Party for Socialism and Liberation">Socialism and Liberation</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><b>Nominee: <a href="/wiki/Peta_Lindsay" title="Peta Lindsay">Peta Lindsay</a></b></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;box-shadow: inset -5px 0 0 0 #00FF00;"><a href="/wiki/Peace_and_Freedom_Party" title="Peace and Freedom Party">Peace and Freedom Party</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><b>Nominee: <a href="/wiki/Roseanne_Barr" title="Roseanne Barr">Roseanne Barr</a></b></li> <li><b>VP nominee: <a href="/wiki/Cindy_Sheehan" title="Cindy Sheehan">Cindy Sheehan</a></b></li> <li><b>Other candidates:</b> <a href="/wiki/Stewart_Alexander" title="Stewart Alexander">Stewart Alexander</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rocky_Anderson" title="Rocky Anderson">Rocky Anderson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peta_Lindsay" title="Peta Lindsay">Peta Lindsay</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;box-shadow: inset -5px 0 0 0 #FF00FF;"><a href="/wiki/Prohibition_Party" title="Prohibition Party">Prohibition Party</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><b>Nominee: <a href="/wiki/Jack_Fellure" title="Jack Fellure">Jack Fellure</a></b></li> <li><b>Other candidates:</b> <a href="/wiki/James_Hedges" title="James Hedges">James Hedges</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;box-shadow: inset -5px 0 0 0 #6A287E;"><a href="/wiki/Reform_Party_of_the_United_States_of_America" title="Reform Party of the United States of America">Reform Party</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><b>Nominee: <a href="/wiki/Andre_Barnett" title="Andre Barnett">Andre Barnett</a></b></li> <li><b>Other candidates:</b> <a href="/wiki/Laurence_Kotlikoff" title="Laurence Kotlikoff">Laurence Kotlikoff</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Buddy_Roemer" title="Buddy Roemer">Buddy Roemer</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Buddy_Roemer_2012_presidential_campaign" title="Buddy Roemer 2012 presidential campaign">campaign</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robby_Wells" title="Robby Wells">Robby Wells</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;box-shadow: inset -5px 0 0 0 #D30101;"><a href="/wiki/Socialist_Equality_Party_(United_States)" title="Socialist Equality Party (United States)">Socialist Equality Party</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <dl><dt>Nominee</dt> <dd><b><a href="/wiki/Jerry_White_(socialist)" title="Jerry White (socialist)">Jerry White</a></b></dd></dl> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;box-shadow: inset -5px 0 0 0 #AA0000;"><a href="/wiki/Socialist_Workers_Party_(United_States)" title="Socialist Workers Party (United States)">Socialist Workers Party</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><b>Nominee: <a href="/wiki/James_Harris_(Socialist_Workers_Party_politician)" title="James Harris (Socialist Workers Party politician)">James Harris</a></b></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;box-shadow: inset -5px 0 0 0 #CD3700;"><a href="/wiki/Socialist_Party_USA" title="Socialist Party USA">Socialist Party</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><b>Nominee: <a href="/wiki/Stewart_Alexander" title="Stewart Alexander">Stewart Alexander</a></b> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Stewart_Alexander_2012_presidential_campaign" title="Stewart Alexander 2012 presidential campaign">campaign</a></li></ul></li> <li><b>VP nominee: <a href="/wiki/Alejandro_Mendoza" title="Alejandro Mendoza">Alejandro Mendoza</a></b></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;box-shadow: inset -5px 0 0 0 #DDDDBB;">Independents and others</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <dl><dt>Objectivist Party</dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/Tom_Stevens_(Objectivist_Party_politician)" title="Tom Stevens (Objectivist Party politician)">Tom Stevens</a></dd> <dt>Independents</dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/Lee_Abramson" title="Lee Abramson">Lee Abramson</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Randy_Blythe" title="Randy Blythe">Randy Blythe</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Jeff_Boss" title="Jeff Boss">Jeff Boss</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Naked_Cowboy" title="Naked Cowboy">Robert Burck</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Terry_Jones_(pastor)" title="Terry Jones (pastor)">Terry Jones</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Joe_Schriner" title="Joe Schriner">Joe Schriner</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Michael_Bloomberg" title="Michael Bloomberg">Michael Bloomberg</a> <dl><dd><a href="/wiki/Draft_Bloomberg_movement" title="Draft Bloomberg movement">attempt to draft</a></dd></dl></dd></dl> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><b><a href="/wiki/2012_United_States_elections" title="2012 United States elections">Other 2012 elections</a>:</b></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2012_United_States_House_of_Representatives_elections" title="2012 United States House of Representatives elections">House</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2012_United_States_Senate_elections" title="2012 United States Senate elections">Senate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2012_United_States_gubernatorial_elections" title="2012 United States gubernatorial elections">Gubernatorial</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1130092004">.mw-parser-output .portal-bar{font-size:88%;font-weight:bold;display:flex;justify-content:center;align-items:baseline}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-bordered{padding:0 2em;background-color:#fdfdfd;border:1px solid #a2a9b1;clear:both;margin:1em auto 0}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-related{font-size:100%;justify-content:flex-start}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-unbordered{padding:0 1.7em;margin-left:0}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-header{margin:0 1em 0 0.5em;flex:0 0 auto;min-height:24px}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-content{display:flex;flex-flow:row wrap;flex:0 1 auto;padding:0.15em 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src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f3/Emblem-money.svg/19px-Emblem-money.svg.png" decoding="async" width="19" height="19" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f3/Emblem-money.svg/29px-Emblem-money.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f3/Emblem-money.svg/38px-Emblem-money.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="48" data-file-height="48" /></a></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Portal:Business" title="Portal:Business">Business</a></li><li class="portal-bar-item"><span class="nowrap"><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/66/DodgerBlue_flag_waving.svg/18px-DodgerBlue_flag_waving.svg.png" decoding="async" width="18" height="19" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/66/DodgerBlue_flag_waving.svg/27px-DodgerBlue_flag_waving.svg.png 1.5x, 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href="/wiki/Help:Authority_control" title="Help:Authority control">Authority control databases</a> <span class="mw-valign-text-top noprint" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q491019#identifiers" title="Edit this at Wikidata"><img alt="Edit this at Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></span></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">International</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://isni.org/isni/0000000030322618">ISNI</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://viaf.org/viaf/267597928">VIAF</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://id.worldcat.org/fast/377710/">FAST</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.oclc.org/worldcat/entity/E39PBJB8tGrbTYg9HdWPyKqfbd">WorldCat</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">National</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://d-nb.info/gnd/1214852785">Germany</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.loc.gov/authorities/n96068761">United States</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://authority.bibsys.no/authority/rest/authorities/html/99017952">Norway</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://olduli.nli.org.il/F/?func=find-b&local_base=NLX10&find_code=UID&request=987007360670205171">Israel</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Artists</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://musicbrainz.org/artist/1af7940c-4291-483e-a7c3-a605ab1abc5e">MusicBrainz</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.idref.fr/157271935">IdRef</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Retrieved from "<a dir="ltr" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Herman_Cain&oldid=1257343365">https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Herman_Cain&oldid=1257343365</a>"</div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface"><div id="mw-normal-catlinks" class="mw-normal-catlinks"><a href="/wiki/Help:Category" title="Help:Category">Categories</a>: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Herman_Cain" title="Category:Herman Cain">Herman Cain</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:1945_births" title="Category:1945 births">1945 births</a></li><li><a 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