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aria-label="ଦେଖଣା" > <label id="vector-appearance-dropdown-label" for="vector-appearance-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-appearance mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-appearance"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">ଦେଖଣା</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-notifications" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-overflow" class="vector-menu mw-portlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="//donate.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FundraiserRedirector?utm_source=donate&utm_medium=sidebar&utm_campaign=C13_or.wikipedia.org&uselang=or" class=""><span>ଦାନ</span></a> </li> <li id="pt-createaccount-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%AC%AC%E0%AC%BF%E0%AC%B6%E0%AD%87%E0%AC%B7:%E0%AC%96%E0%AC%BE%E0%AC%A4%E0%AC%BE%E0%AC%96%E0%AD%8B%E0%AC%B2%E0%AC%BF%E0%AC%AC%E0%AD%87&returnto=%E0%AC%95%E0%AC%AE%E0%AD%8D%E0%AC%AA%E0%AD%8D%E0%AD%9F%E0%AD%81%E0%AC%9F%E0%AC%B0" title="ଆପଣଙ୍କୁ ଗୋଟେ ଖାତା ଖୋଲି ଲଗ ଇନ କରିବା ପାଇଁ ପ୍ରୋତ୍ସାହିତ କରାଯାଉଛି, ଏମିତିବି ଏହା କରିବା ନିତାନ୍ତ ଆବଶ୍ୟକ ନୁହେଁ ।" class=""><span>ଖାତାଟିଏ ଖୋଲନ୍ତୁ</span></a> </li> <li id="pt-login-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%AC%AC%E0%AC%BF%E0%AC%B6%E0%AD%87%E0%AC%B7:%E0%AC%B8%E0%AC%AD%E0%AD%8D%E0%AD%9F%E0%AC%B2%E0%AC%97%E0%AC%87%E0%AC%A8&returnto=%E0%AC%95%E0%AC%AE%E0%AD%8D%E0%AC%AA%E0%AD%8D%E0%AD%9F%E0%AD%81%E0%AC%9F%E0%AC%B0" title="ଆପଣଙ୍କୁ ଲଗ-ଇନ କରିବାକୁ କୁହାଯାଉଅଛି ସିନା, ବାଧ୍ୟ କରାଯାଉନାହିଁ [o]" accesskey="o" class=""><span>ଲଗ-ଇନ</span></a> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> <div id="vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-user-menu vector-button-flush-right vector-user-menu-logged-out" title="More options" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="ନିଜର ଟୁଲ" > <label id="vector-user-links-dropdown-label" for="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-ellipsis mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-ellipsis"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">ନିଜର ଟୁଲ</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-personal" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-personal user-links-collapsible-item" title="User menu" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="//donate.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FundraiserRedirector?utm_source=donate&utm_medium=sidebar&utm_campaign=C13_or.wikipedia.org&uselang=or"><span>ଦାନ</span></a></li><li id="pt-createaccount" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%AC%AC%E0%AC%BF%E0%AC%B6%E0%AD%87%E0%AC%B7:%E0%AC%96%E0%AC%BE%E0%AC%A4%E0%AC%BE%E0%AC%96%E0%AD%8B%E0%AC%B2%E0%AC%BF%E0%AC%AC%E0%AD%87&returnto=%E0%AC%95%E0%AC%AE%E0%AD%8D%E0%AC%AA%E0%AD%8D%E0%AD%9F%E0%AD%81%E0%AC%9F%E0%AC%B0" title="ଆପଣଙ୍କୁ ଗୋଟେ ଖାତା ଖୋଲି ଲଗ ଇନ କରିବା ପାଇଁ ପ୍ରୋତ୍ସାହିତ କରାଯାଉଛି, ଏମିତିବି ଏହା କରିବା ନିତାନ୍ତ ଆବଶ୍ୟକ ନୁହେଁ ।"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-userAdd mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-userAdd"></span> <span>ଖାତାଟିଏ ଖୋଲନ୍ତୁ</span></a></li><li id="pt-login" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%AC%AC%E0%AC%BF%E0%AC%B6%E0%AD%87%E0%AC%B7:%E0%AC%B8%E0%AC%AD%E0%AD%8D%E0%AD%9F%E0%AC%B2%E0%AC%97%E0%AC%87%E0%AC%A8&returnto=%E0%AC%95%E0%AC%AE%E0%AD%8D%E0%AC%AA%E0%AD%8D%E0%AD%9F%E0%AD%81%E0%AC%9F%E0%AC%B0" title="ଆପଣଙ୍କୁ ଲଗ-ଇନ କରିବାକୁ କୁହାଯାଉଅଛି ସିନା, ବାଧ୍ୟ କରାଯାଉନାହିଁ [o]" accesskey="o"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-logIn mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-logIn"></span> <span>ଲଗ-ଇନ</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-user-menu-anon-editor" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-user-menu-anon-editor" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Pages for logged out editors <a href="/wiki/%E0%AC%B8%E0%AC%B9%E0%AC%AF%E0%AD%8B%E0%AC%97:Introduction" aria-label="Learn more about editing"><span>learn more</span></a> </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-anoncontribs" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%E0%AC%AC%E0%AC%BF%E0%AC%B6%E0%AD%87%E0%AC%B7:%E0%AC%AE%E0%AD%8B%E0%AC%85%E0%AC%AC%E0%AC%A6%E0%AC%BE%E0%AC%A8" title="A list of edits made from this IP address [y]" accesskey="y"><span>ଅବଦାନ</span></a></li><li id="pt-anontalk" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%E0%AC%AC%E0%AC%BF%E0%AC%B6%E0%AD%87%E0%AC%B7:%E0%AC%AE%E0%AD%8B%E0%AC%86%E0%AC%B2%E0%AD%8B%E0%AC%9A%E0%AC%A8%E0%AC%BE" title="ଏହି IP ଠିକଣାରୁ କେହିଜଣେ କରିଥିବା ସମ୍ପାଦନାର ଆଲୋଚନା [n]" accesskey="n"><span>ଆଲୋଚନା</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </header> </div> <div class="mw-page-container"> <div class="mw-page-container-inner"> <div class="vector-sitenotice-container"> <div id="siteNotice"><div id="mw-dismissablenotice-anonplace"></div><script>(function(){var 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class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-toc" class="vector-toc vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-toc-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="toc-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-toc" > <h2 class="vector-pinnable-header-label">ବିଷୟସୂଚୀ</h2> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.pin">କଡ଼କୁ ଘୁଞ୍ଚାନ୍ତୁ</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.unpin">ଲୁଚାନ୍ତୁ</button> </div> <ul class="vector-toc-contents" id="mw-panel-toc-list"> <li id="toc-mw-content-text" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a href="#" class="vector-toc-link"> <div class="vector-toc-text">ଆରମ୍ଭ</div> </a> </li> <li id="toc-ଗଠନ" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#ଗଠନ"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">୧</span> <span>ଗଠନ</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-ଗଠନ-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle ଗଠନ subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-ଗଠନ-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-ନାମକରଣର_ଯଥାର୍ଥତା" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#ନାମକରଣର_ଯଥାର୍ଥତା"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">୧.୧</span> <span>ନାମକରଣର ଯଥାର୍ଥତା</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-ନାମକରଣର_ଯଥାର୍ଥତା-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-ଇତିହାସ" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#ଇତିହାସ"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">୧.୨</span> <span>ଇତିହାସ</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-ଇତିହାସ-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-ପ୍ରାକ୍_ବିଂଶ_ଶତାବ୍ଦୀ" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#ପ୍ରାକ୍_ବିଂଶ_ଶତାବ୍ଦୀ"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">୧.୨.୧</span> <span>ପ୍ରାକ୍ ବିଂଶ ଶତାବ୍ଦୀ</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-ପ୍ରାକ୍_ବିଂଶ_ଶତାବ୍ଦୀ-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-ପ୍ରଥମ_ପୀଢି(୧୯୫୬-୧୯୫୯)" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#ପ୍ରଥମ_ପୀଢି(୧୯୫୬-୧୯୫୯)"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">୧.୨.୨</span> <span>ପ୍ରଥମ ପୀଢି(୧୯୫୬-୧୯୫୯)</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-ପ୍ରଥମ_ପୀଢି(୧୯୫୬-୧୯୫୯)-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-ଦ୍ୱିତୀୟ_ପୀଢି" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#ଦ୍ୱିତୀୟ_ପୀଢି"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">୧.୨.୩</span> <span>ଦ୍ୱିତୀୟ ପୀଢି</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-ଦ୍ୱିତୀୟ_ପୀଢି-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-ତୃତୀୟ_ପୀଢି" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#ତୃତୀୟ_ପୀଢି"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">୧.୨.୪</span> <span>ତୃତୀୟ ପୀଢି</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-ତୃତୀୟ_ପୀଢି-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-ଚତୁର୍ଥ_ପୀଢି" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#ଚତୁର୍ଥ_ପୀଢି"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">୧.୨.୫</span> <span>ଚତୁର୍ଥ ପୀଢି</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-ଚତୁର୍ଥ_ପୀଢି-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-ପଞ୍ଚମ_ପୀଢି" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#ପଞ୍ଚମ_ପୀଢି"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">୧.୨.୬</span> <span>ପଞ୍ଚମ ପୀଢି</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-ପଞ୍ଚମ_ପୀଢି-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-କମ୍ପ୍ୟୁଟରର_ବୈଶିଷ୍ଟ୍ୟ" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#କମ୍ପ୍ୟୁଟରର_ବୈଶିଷ୍ଟ୍ୟ"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">୧.୩</span> <span>କମ୍ପ୍ୟୁଟରର ବୈଶିଷ୍ଟ୍ୟ</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-କମ୍ପ୍ୟୁଟରର_ବୈଶିଷ୍ଟ୍ୟ-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-ତୀବ୍ରବେଗ" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#ତୀବ୍ରବେଗ"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">୧.୩.୧</span> <span>ତୀବ୍ରବେଗ</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-ତୀବ୍ରବେଗ-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-ସଠିକତା" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#ସଠିକତା"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">୧.୩.୨</span> <span>ସଠିକତା</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-ସଠିକତା-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-ବୃହତ୍_ସ୍ମୃତିକୋଷ" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#ବୃହତ୍_ସ୍ମୃତିକୋଷ"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">୧.୩.୩</span> <span>ବୃହତ୍ ସ୍ମୃତିକୋଷ</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-ବୃହତ୍_ସ୍ମୃତିକୋଷ-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-ବହୁକାର୍ଯ୍ୟ_ନିପୁଣତା" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#ବହୁକାର୍ଯ୍ୟ_ନିପୁଣତା"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">୧.୩.୪</span> <span>ବହୁକାର୍ଯ୍ୟ ନିପୁଣତା</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-ବହୁକାର୍ଯ୍ୟ_ନିପୁଣତା-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-ଅଭିନିବେଶ" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#ଅଭିନିବେଶ"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">୧.୩.୫</span> <span>ଅଭିନିବେଶ</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-ଅଭିନିବେଶ-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-କମ୍ପ୍ୟୁଟରର_ବିଭିନ୍ନ_ଅଂଶ" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#କମ୍ପ୍ୟୁଟରର_ବିଭିନ୍ନ_ଅଂଶ"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">୧.୪</span> <span>କମ୍ପ୍ୟୁଟରର ବିଭିନ୍ନ ଅଂଶ</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-କମ୍ପ୍ୟୁଟରର_ବିଭିନ୍ନ_ଅଂଶ-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-ସଫ୍ଟୱେର" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#ସଫ୍ଟୱେର"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">୧.୪.୧</span> <span>ସଫ୍ଟୱେର</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-ସଫ୍ଟୱେର-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-ଅପାରେଟିଙ୍ଗ୍_ସିଷ୍ଟମ" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-4"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#ଅପାରେଟିଙ୍ଗ୍_ସିଷ୍ଟମ"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">୧.୪.୧.୧</span> <span>ଅପାରେଟିଙ୍ଗ୍ ସିଷ୍ଟମ</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-ଅପାରେଟିଙ୍ଗ୍_ସିଷ୍ଟମ-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-ଆପ୍ଲିକେସନ୍_ସଫ୍ଟୱେର" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#ଆପ୍ଲିକେସନ୍_ସଫ୍ଟୱେର"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">୧.୪.୨</span> <span>ଆପ୍ଲିକେସନ୍ ସଫ୍ଟୱେର</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-ଆପ୍ଲିକେସନ୍_ସଫ୍ଟୱେର-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-ହାର୍ଡୱେର" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#ହାର୍ଡୱେର"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">୧.୪.୩</span> <span>ହାର୍ଡୱେର</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-ହାର୍ଡୱେର-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-ଅର୍କଗଣିତ_ତର୍କ_ସଂସ୍ଥା" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-4"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#ଅର୍କଗଣିତ_ତର୍କ_ସଂସ୍ଥା"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">୧.୪.୩.୧</span> <span>ଅର୍କଗଣିତ ତର୍କ ସଂସ୍ଥା</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-ଅର୍କଗଣିତ_ତର୍କ_ସଂସ୍ଥା-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-ନିୟନ୍ତ୍ରଣ_ସଂସ୍ଥା" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-4"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#ନିୟନ୍ତ୍ରଣ_ସଂସ୍ଥା"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">୧.୪.୩.୨</span> <span>ନିୟନ୍ତ୍ରଣ ସଂସ୍ଥା</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-ନିୟନ୍ତ୍ରଣ_ସଂସ୍ଥା-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-ସ୍ମ୍ରୁତି_ସଂସ୍ଥା" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-4"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#ସ୍ମ୍ରୁତି_ସଂସ୍ଥା"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">୧.୪.୩.୩</span> <span>ସ୍ମ୍ରୁତି ସଂସ୍ଥା</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-ସ୍ମ୍ରୁତି_ସଂସ୍ଥା-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-କମ୍ପ୍ୟୁଟର_କିବୋର୍ଡ଼" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#କମ୍ପ୍ୟୁଟର_କିବୋର୍ଡ଼"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">୧.୪.୪</span> <span>କମ୍ପ୍ୟୁଟର କିବୋର୍ଡ଼</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-କମ୍ପ୍ୟୁଟର_କିବୋର୍ଡ଼-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-ମାଉସ୍" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#ମାଉସ୍"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">୧.୪.୫</span> <span>ମାଉସ୍</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-ମାଉସ୍-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-ମନିଟର" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#ମନିଟର"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">୧.୪.୬</span> <span>ମନିଟର</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-ମନିଟର-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-ଆଧାର" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#ଆଧାର"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">୧.୫</span> <span>ଆଧାର</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-ଆଧାର-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-ବାହାର_ଲିଙ୍କ" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#ବାହାର_ଲିଙ୍କ"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">୧.୬</span> <span>ବାହାର ଲିଙ୍କ</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-ବାହାର_ଲିଙ୍କ-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="ବିଷୟସୂଚୀ" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Toggle the table of contents</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">କମ୍ପ୍ୟୁଟର</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in ୨୩୮ languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-238" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">୨୩୮ଟି ଭାଷା</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ab mw-list-item"><a href="https://ab.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%BF%D0%B8%D1%83%D1%82%D0%B5%D1%80" title="Акомпиутер – ଆବ୍ଖାଜିଆନ୍" lang="ab" hreflang="ab" data-title="Акомпиутер" data-language-autonym="Аԥсшәа" data-language-local-name="ଆବ୍ଖାଜିଆନ୍" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Аԥсшәа</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ace mw-list-item"><a href="https://ace.wikipedia.org/wiki/Komputer" title="Komputer – ଆଚାଇନୀଜ୍" lang="ace" hreflang="ace" data-title="Komputer" data-language-autonym="Acèh" data-language-local-name="ଆଚାଇନୀଜ୍" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Acèh</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rekenaar" title="Rekenaar – ଆଫ୍ରିକୀୟ" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="Rekenaar" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="ଆଫ୍ରିକୀୟ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Afrikaans</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-als mw-list-item"><a href="https://als.wikipedia.org/wiki/Computer" title="Computer – ସୁଇସ୍ ଜର୍ମାନ୍" lang="gsw" hreflang="gsw" data-title="Computer" data-language-autonym="Alemannisch" data-language-local-name="ସୁଇସ୍ ଜର୍ମାନ୍" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Alemannisch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-am mw-list-item"><a href="https://am.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%8A%AE%E1%88%9D%E1%8D%92%E1%8B%A9%E1%89%B0%E1%88%AD" title="ኮምፒዩተር – ଆମହାରକି" lang="am" hreflang="am" data-title="ኮምፒዩተር" data-language-autonym="አማርኛ" data-language-local-name="ଆମହାରକି" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>አማርኛ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-an mw-list-item"><a href="https://an.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ordinador" title="Ordinador – ଆର୍ଗୋନୀ" lang="an" hreflang="an" data-title="Ordinador" data-language-autonym="Aragonés" data-language-local-name="ଆର୍ଗୋନୀ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Aragonés</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ang mw-list-item"><a href="https://ang.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spearctelle" title="Spearctelle – ପୁରୁଣା ଇଁରାଜୀ" lang="ang" hreflang="ang" data-title="Spearctelle" data-language-autonym="Ænglisc" data-language-local-name="ପୁରୁଣା ଇଁରାଜୀ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ænglisc</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ann mw-list-item"><a href="https://ann.wikipedia.org/wiki/Akpatan%CC%84_nden%CC%84" title="Akpatan̄ nden̄ – ଅବୋଲା" lang="ann" hreflang="ann" data-title="Akpatan̄ nden̄" data-language-autonym="Obolo" data-language-local-name="ଅବୋଲା" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Obolo</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-anp mw-list-item"><a href="https://anp.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%82%E0%A4%AA%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AF%E0%A5%82%E0%A4%9F%E0%A4%B0" title="कंप्यूटर – ଅଁଗୀକା" lang="anp" hreflang="anp" data-title="कंप्यूटर" data-language-autonym="अंगिका" data-language-local-name="ଅଁଗୀକା" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>अंगिका</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar badge-Q17437798 badge-goodarticle mw-list-item" title="ଭଲ ଲେଖା"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AD%D8%A7%D8%B3%D9%88%D8%A8" title="حاسوب – ଆରବିକ୍" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="حاسوب" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="ଆରବିକ୍" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arc mw-list-item"><a href="https://arc.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DC%9A%DC%AB%DC%98%DC%92%DC%90_(%DC%A1%DC%90%DC%9F%DC%A2%DC%90)" title="ܚܫܘܒܐ (ܡܐܟܢܐ) – ଆରାମାଇକ୍" lang="arc" hreflang="arc" data-title="ܚܫܘܒܐ (ܡܐܟܢܐ)" data-language-autonym="ܐܪܡܝܐ" data-language-local-name="ଆରାମାଇକ୍" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ܐܪܡܝܐ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ary mw-list-item"><a href="https://ary.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A3%D9%88%D8%B1%D8%AF%D9%8A%D9%86%D8%A7%D8%B7%D9%88%D8%B1" title="أورديناطور – Moroccan Arabic" lang="ary" hreflang="ary" data-title="أورديناطور" data-language-autonym="الدارجة" data-language-local-name="Moroccan Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>الدارجة</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%83%D9%88%D9%85%D8%A8%D9%8A%D9%88%D8%AA%D8%B1" title="كومبيوتر – Egyptian Arabic" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="كومبيوتر" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="Egyptian Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مصرى</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-as mw-list-item"><a href="https://as.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%95%E0%A6%AE%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%AA%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%89%E0%A6%9F%E0%A6%BE%E0%A7%B0" title="কম্পিউটাৰ – ଆସାମୀୟ" lang="as" hreflang="as" data-title="কম্পিউটাৰ" data-language-autonym="অসমীয়া" data-language-local-name="ଆସାମୀୟ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>অসমীয়া</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ordenador" title="Ordenador – ଆଷ୍ଟୁରିଆନ୍" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Ordenador" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="ଆଷ୍ଟୁରିଆନ୍" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Asturianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-awa mw-list-item"><a href="https://awa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%82%E0%A4%AA%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AF%E0%A5%81%E0%A4%9F%E0%A4%B0" title="कंप्युटर – ଆୱାଧି" lang="awa" hreflang="awa" data-title="कंप्युटर" data-language-autonym="अवधी" data-language-local-name="ଆୱାଧି" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>अवधी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ay mw-list-item"><a href="https://ay.wikipedia.org/wiki/Qillaya_atamiri" title="Qillaya atamiri – ଆୟମାରା" lang="ay" hreflang="ay" data-title="Qillaya atamiri" data-language-autonym="Aymar aru" data-language-local-name="ଆୟମାରା" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Aymar aru</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Komp%C3%BCter" title="Kompüter – ଆଜେରବାଇଜାନି" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Kompüter" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="ଆଜେରବାଇଜାନି" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-azb mw-list-item"><a href="https://azb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A8%DB%8C%D9%84%DA%AF%DB%8C%E2%80%8C%D8%B3%D8%A7%DB%8C%D8%A7%D8%B1" title="بیلگی‌سایار – South Azerbaijani" lang="azb" hreflang="azb" data-title="بیلگی‌سایار" data-language-autonym="تۆرکجه" data-language-local-name="South Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>تۆرکجه</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ba mw-list-item"><a href="https://ba.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%BF%D1%8C%D1%8E%D1%82%D0%B5%D1%80" title="Компьютер – ବାଶକିର୍" lang="ba" hreflang="ba" data-title="Компьютер" data-language-autonym="Башҡортса" data-language-local-name="ବାଶକିର୍" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Башҡортса</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bar mw-list-item"><a href="https://bar.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rechna" title="Rechna – Bavarian" lang="bar" hreflang="bar" data-title="Rechna" data-language-autonym="Boarisch" data-language-local-name="Bavarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Boarisch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bat-smg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bat-smg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kuompioteris" title="Kuompioteris – Samogitian" lang="sgs" hreflang="sgs" data-title="Kuompioteris" data-language-autonym="Žemaitėška" data-language-local-name="Samogitian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Žemaitėška</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bcl mw-list-item"><a href="https://bcl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kompyuter" title="Kompyuter – Central Bikol" lang="bcl" hreflang="bcl" data-title="Kompyuter" data-language-autonym="Bikol Central" data-language-local-name="Central Bikol" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bikol Central</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%BF%E2%80%99%D1%8E%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%80" title="Камп’ютар – ବେଲାରୁଷିଆନ୍" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Камп’ютар" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="ବେଲାରୁଷିଆନ୍" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be-x-old mw-list-item"><a href="https://be-tarask.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%BF%D1%83%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%80" title="Кампутар – Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" lang="be-tarask" hreflang="be-tarask" data-title="Кампутар" data-language-autonym="Беларуская (тарашкевіца)" data-language-local-name="Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская (тарашкевіца)</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bew mw-list-item"><a href="https://bew.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kumputer" title="Kumputer – Betawi" lang="bew" hreflang="bew" data-title="Kumputer" data-language-autonym="Betawi" data-language-local-name="Betawi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Betawi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%BF%D1%8E%D1%82%D1%8A%D1%80" title="Компютър – ବୁଲଗେରିଆନ୍" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Компютър" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="ବୁଲଗେରିଆନ୍" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bh mw-list-item"><a href="https://bh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%82%E0%A4%AA%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AF%E0%A5%82%E0%A4%9F%E0%A4%B0" title="कंप्यूटर – Bhojpuri" lang="bh" hreflang="bh" data-title="कंप्यूटर" data-language-autonym="भोजपुरी" data-language-local-name="Bhojpuri" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>भोजपुरी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bi mw-list-item"><a href="https://bi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Compter" title="Compter – ବିସଲାମା" lang="bi" hreflang="bi" data-title="Compter" data-language-autonym="Bislama" data-language-local-name="ବିସଲାମା" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bislama</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-blk mw-list-item"><a href="https://blk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%80%80%E1%80%BD%E1%80%94%E1%80%BA%E1%80%95%E1%80%BB%E1%80%B0%E1%80%90%E1%80%AC" title="ကွန်ပျူတာ – Pa'O" lang="blk" hreflang="blk" data-title="ကွန်ပျူတာ" data-language-autonym="ပအိုဝ်ႏဘာႏသာႏ" data-language-local-name="Pa'O" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ပအိုဝ်ႏဘာႏသာႏ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%95%E0%A6%AE%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%AA%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%89%E0%A6%9F%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%B0" title="কম্পিউটার – ବଙ୍ଗଳା" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="কম্পিউটার" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="ବଙ୍ଗଳା" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bo mw-list-item"><a href="https://bo.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%BD%82%E0%BE%B3%E0%BD%BC%E0%BD%82%E0%BC%8B%E0%BD%80%E0%BE%B3%E0%BD%91%E0%BC%8D" title="གློག་ཀླད། – ତିବ୍ବତୀୟ" lang="bo" hreflang="bo" data-title="གློག་ཀླད།" data-language-autonym="བོད་ཡིག" data-language-local-name="ତିବ୍ବତୀୟ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>བོད་ཡིག</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bpy mw-list-item"><a href="https://bpy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%95%E0%A6%AE%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%AA%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%89%E0%A6%9F%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%B0" title="কম্পিউটার – Bishnupriya" lang="bpy" hreflang="bpy" data-title="কম্পিউটার" data-language-autonym="বিষ্ণুপ্রিয়া মণিপুরী" data-language-local-name="Bishnupriya" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বিষ্ণুপ্রিয়া মণিপুরী</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-br mw-list-item"><a href="https://br.wikipedia.org/wiki/Urzhiataer" title="Urzhiataer – ବ୍ରେଟନ୍" lang="br" hreflang="br" data-title="Urzhiataer" data-language-autonym="Brezhoneg" data-language-local-name="ବ୍ରେଟନ୍" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Brezhoneg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bs badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="ବଛା ଲେଖା"><a href="https://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ra%C4%8Dunar" title="Računar – ବୋସନିଆନ୍" lang="bs" hreflang="bs" data-title="Računar" data-language-autonym="Bosanski" data-language-local-name="ବୋସନିଆନ୍" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bosanski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bug mw-list-item"><a href="https://bug.wikipedia.org/wiki/Komputer" title="Komputer – ବୁଗୀନୀଜ୍" lang="bug" hreflang="bug" data-title="Komputer" data-language-autonym="Basa Ugi" data-language-local-name="ବୁଗୀନୀଜ୍" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Basa Ugi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bxr mw-list-item"><a href="https://bxr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%BF%D1%8C%D1%8E%D1%82%D0%B5%D1%80" title="Компьютер – Russia Buriat" lang="bxr" hreflang="bxr" data-title="Компьютер" data-language-autonym="Буряад" data-language-local-name="Russia Buriat" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Буряад</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ordinador" title="Ordinador – କାଟାଲାନ୍" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Ordinador" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="କାଟାଲାନ୍" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cdo mw-list-item"><a href="https://cdo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Di%C3%AAng-n%C5%8D%CC%A4" title="Diêng-nō̤ – Mindong" lang="cdo" hreflang="cdo" data-title="Diêng-nō̤" data-language-autonym="閩東語 / Mìng-dĕ̤ng-ngṳ̄" data-language-local-name="Mindong" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩東語 / Mìng-dĕ̤ng-ngṳ̄</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ce mw-list-item"><a href="https://ce.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%BF%D1%8C%D1%8E%D1%82%D0%B5%D1%80" title="Компьютер – ଚେଚନ୍" lang="ce" hreflang="ce" data-title="Компьютер" data-language-autonym="Нохчийн" data-language-local-name="ଚେଚନ୍" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Нохчийн</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ceb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ceb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dagitabyan" title="Dagitabyan – ସୀବୁଆନୋ" lang="ceb" hreflang="ceb" data-title="Dagitabyan" data-language-autonym="Cebuano" data-language-local-name="ସୀବୁଆନୋ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cebuano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-chy mw-list-item"><a href="https://chy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ts%C3%A9ohketoetan%C3%B3to" title="Tséohketoetanóto – ଚେଚେନା" lang="chy" hreflang="chy" data-title="Tséohketoetanóto" data-language-autonym="Tsetsêhestâhese" data-language-local-name="ଚେଚେନା" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tsetsêhestâhese</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ckb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ckb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%A9%DB%86%D9%85%D9%BE%DB%8C%D9%88%D8%AA%DB%95%D8%B1" title="کۆمپیوتەر – କେନ୍ଦ୍ରୀୟ କୁରଡିସ୍" lang="ckb" hreflang="ckb" data-title="کۆمپیوتەر" data-language-autonym="کوردی" data-language-local-name="କେନ୍ଦ୍ରୀୟ କୁରଡିସ୍" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>کوردی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-crh mw-list-item"><a href="https://crh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kompyuter" title="Kompyuter – କ୍ରୀମିନ୍ ତୁର୍କୀସ୍" lang="crh" hreflang="crh" data-title="Kompyuter" data-language-autonym="Qırımtatarca" data-language-local-name="କ୍ରୀମିନ୍ ତୁର୍କୀସ୍" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Qırımtatarca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Po%C4%8D%C3%ADta%C4%8D" title="Počítač – ଚେକ୍" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Počítač" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="ଚେକ୍" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-csb mw-list-item"><a href="https://csb.wikipedia.org/wiki/K%C3%B2mp%C3%B9ter" title="Kòmpùter – କାଶୁବିଆନ୍" lang="csb" hreflang="csb" data-title="Kòmpùter" data-language-autonym="Kaszëbsczi" data-language-local-name="କାଶୁବିଆନ୍" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kaszëbsczi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cu mw-list-item"><a href="https://cu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%98%D1%89%D0%B8%D1%81%D0%BB%D0%B8%D1%82%D1%94%D0%BB%D2%84%D1%8C" title="Ищислитєл҄ь – ଚର୍ଚ୍ଚ ସ୍ଲାଭିକ୍" lang="cu" hreflang="cu" data-title="Ищислитєл҄ь" data-language-autonym="Словѣньскъ / ⰔⰎⰑⰂⰡⰐⰠⰔⰍⰟ" data-language-local-name="ଚର୍ଚ୍ଚ ସ୍ଲାଭିକ୍" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Словѣньскъ / ⰔⰎⰑⰂⰡⰐⰠⰔⰍⰟ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cv mw-list-item"><a href="https://cv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%BF%D1%8C%D1%8E%D1%82%D0%B5%D1%80" title="Компьютер – ଚୁଭାଶ୍" lang="cv" hreflang="cv" data-title="Компьютер" data-language-autonym="Чӑвашла" data-language-local-name="ଚୁଭାଶ୍" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Чӑвашла</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cyfrifiadur" title="Cyfrifiadur – ୱେଲ୍ସ" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="Cyfrifiadur" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="ୱେଲ୍ସ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cymraeg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Computer" title="Computer – ଡାନ୍ନିସ୍" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Computer" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="ଡାନ୍ନିସ୍" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Computer" title="Computer – ଜର୍ମାନ" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Computer" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="ଜର୍ମାନ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-din mw-list-item"><a href="https://din.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maku%C9%9B%CC%88n" title="Makuɛ̈n – ଦିଙ୍କା" lang="din" hreflang="din" data-title="Makuɛ̈n" data-language-autonym="Thuɔŋjäŋ" data-language-local-name="ଦିଙ୍କା" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Thuɔŋjäŋ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-diq mw-list-item"><a href="https://diq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Komputer" title="Komputer – Zazaki" lang="diq" hreflang="diq" data-title="Komputer" data-language-autonym="Zazaki" data-language-local-name="Zazaki" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Zazaki</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-dtp mw-list-item"><a href="https://dtp.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tokud" title="Tokud – Central Dusun" lang="dtp" hreflang="dtp" data-title="Tokud" data-language-autonym="Kadazandusun" data-language-local-name="Central Dusun" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kadazandusun</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-dty mw-list-item"><a href="https://dty.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%AE%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AA%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AF%E0%A5%81%E0%A4%9F%E0%A4%B0" title="कम्प्युटर – Doteli" lang="dty" hreflang="dty" data-title="कम्प्युटर" data-language-autonym="डोटेली" data-language-local-name="Doteli" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>डोटेली</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%97%CE%BB%CE%B5%CE%BA%CF%84%CF%81%CE%BF%CE%BD%CE%B9%CE%BA%CF%8C%CF%82_%CF%85%CF%80%CE%BF%CE%BB%CE%BF%CE%B3%CE%B9%CF%83%CF%84%CE%AE%CF%82" title="Ηλεκτρονικός υπολογιστής – ଗ୍ରୀକ୍" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Ηλεκτρονικός υπολογιστής" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="ଗ୍ରୀକ୍" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eml mw-list-item"><a href="https://eml.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zarvl%C3%A5n" title="Zarvlån – Emiliano-Romagnolo" lang="egl" hreflang="egl" data-title="Zarvlån" data-language-autonym="Emiliàn e rumagnòl" data-language-local-name="Emiliano-Romagnolo" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Emiliàn e rumagnòl</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en mw-list-item"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Computer" title="Computer – ଇଂରାଜୀ" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="Computer" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="ଇଂରାଜୀ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Komputilo" title="Komputilo – ଏସ୍ପାରେଣ୍ଟୋ" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Komputilo" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="ଏସ୍ପାରେଣ୍ଟୋ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Computadora" title="Computadora – ସ୍ପେନିୟ" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Computadora" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="ସ୍ପେନିୟ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arvuti" title="Arvuti – ଏସ୍ତୋନିଆନ୍" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Arvuti" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="ଏସ୍ତୋନିଆନ୍" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ordenagailu" title="Ordenagailu – ବାସ୍କ୍ୱି" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Ordenagailu" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="ବାସ୍କ୍ୱି" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ext mw-list-item"><a href="https://ext.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ordenaol" title="Ordenaol – Extremaduran" lang="ext" hreflang="ext" data-title="Ordenaol" data-language-autonym="Estremeñu" data-language-local-name="Extremaduran" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Estremeñu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B1%D8%A7%DB%8C%D8%A7%D9%86%D9%87" title="رایانه – ପର୍ସିଆନ୍" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="رایانه" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="ପର୍ସିଆନ୍" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tietokone" title="Tietokone – ଫିନ୍ନିସ୍" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Tietokone" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="ଫିନ୍ନିସ୍" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fiu-vro mw-list-item"><a href="https://fiu-vro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Puutri" title="Puutri – Võro" lang="vro" hreflang="vro" data-title="Puutri" data-language-autonym="Võro" data-language-local-name="Võro" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Võro</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fj mw-list-item"><a href="https://fj.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kompiuta" title="Kompiuta – ଫିଜି" lang="fj" hreflang="fj" data-title="Kompiuta" data-language-autonym="Na Vosa Vakaviti" data-language-local-name="ଫିଜି" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Na Vosa Vakaviti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fo mw-list-item"><a href="https://fo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Teldur" title="Teldur – ଫାରୋଏସେ" lang="fo" hreflang="fo" data-title="Teldur" data-language-autonym="Føroyskt" data-language-local-name="ଫାରୋଏସେ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Føroyskt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ordinateur" title="Ordinateur – ଫରାସୀ" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Ordinateur" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="ଫରାସୀ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-frr mw-list-item"><a href="https://frr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kompjuuter" title="Kompjuuter – ଉତ୍ତର ଫ୍ରିସିୟାନ୍" lang="frr" hreflang="frr" data-title="Kompjuuter" data-language-autonym="Nordfriisk" data-language-local-name="ଉତ୍ତର ଫ୍ରିସିୟାନ୍" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nordfriisk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fur mw-list-item"><a href="https://fur.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ordenad%C3%B4r" title="Ordenadôr – ଫ୍ରିୟୁଲୀୟାନ୍" lang="fur" hreflang="fur" data-title="Ordenadôr" data-language-autonym="Furlan" data-language-local-name="ଫ୍ରିୟୁଲୀୟାନ୍" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Furlan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ga mw-list-item"><a href="https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/R%C3%ADomhaire" title="Ríomhaire – ଇରିସ୍" lang="ga" hreflang="ga" data-title="Ríomhaire" data-language-autonym="Gaeilge" data-language-local-name="ଇରିସ୍" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaeilge</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gan mw-list-item"><a href="https://gan.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E9%9B%BB%E8%85%A6" title="電腦 – Gan" lang="gan" hreflang="gan" data-title="電腦" data-language-autonym="贛語" data-language-local-name="Gan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>贛語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gcr mw-list-item"><a href="https://gcr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ordinat%C3%B2" title="Ordinatò – Guianan Creole" lang="gcr" hreflang="gcr" data-title="Ordinatò" data-language-autonym="Kriyòl gwiyannen" data-language-local-name="Guianan Creole" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kriyòl gwiyannen</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gd mw-list-item"><a href="https://gd.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coimpiutair" title="Coimpiutair – ସ୍କଟିସ୍ ଗାଏଲିକ୍" lang="gd" hreflang="gd" data-title="Coimpiutair" data-language-autonym="Gàidhlig" data-language-local-name="ସ୍କଟିସ୍ ଗାଏଲିକ୍" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gàidhlig</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ordenador" title="Ordenador – ଗାଲସିଆନ୍" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Ordenador" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="ଗାଲସିଆନ୍" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-glk mw-list-item"><a href="https://glk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%A9%D8%A7%D9%85%D9%BE%D9%8A%DB%8A%D8%AA%D8%B1" title="کامپيۊتر – Gilaki" lang="glk" hreflang="glk" data-title="کامپيۊتر" data-language-autonym="گیلکی" data-language-local-name="Gilaki" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>گیلکی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gn mw-list-item"><a href="https://gn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kombutad%C3%B3ra" title="Kombutadóra – ଗୁଆରାନୀ" lang="gn" hreflang="gn" data-title="Kombutadóra" data-language-autonym="Avañe'ẽ" data-language-local-name="ଗୁଆରାନୀ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Avañe'ẽ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-got mw-list-item"><a href="https://got.wikipedia.org/wiki/%F0%90%8C%B2%F0%90%8C%B0%F0%90%8D%82%F0%90%8C%B0%F0%90%8C%B7%F0%90%8C%BD%F0%90%8C%BE%F0%90%8C%B0" title="𐌲𐌰𐍂𐌰𐌷𐌽𐌾𐌰 – ଗୋଥିକ୍" lang="got" hreflang="got" data-title="𐌲𐌰𐍂𐌰𐌷𐌽𐌾𐌰" data-language-autonym="𐌲𐌿𐍄𐌹𐍃𐌺" data-language-local-name="ଗୋଥିକ୍" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>𐌲𐌿𐍄𐌹𐍃𐌺</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gu mw-list-item"><a href="https://gu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AA%B8%E0%AA%82%E0%AA%97%E0%AA%A3%E0%AA%95" title="સંગણક – ଗୁଜୁରାଟୀ" lang="gu" hreflang="gu" data-title="સંગણક" data-language-autonym="ગુજરાતી" data-language-local-name="ଗୁଜୁରାଟୀ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ગુજરાતી</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-guc mw-list-item"><a href="https://guc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Komputatoora" title="Komputatoora – Wayuu" lang="guc" hreflang="guc" data-title="Komputatoora" data-language-autonym="Wayuunaiki" data-language-local-name="Wayuu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Wayuunaiki</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gv mw-list-item"><a href="https://gv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Co-earrooder" title="Co-earrooder – ମାଁକ୍ସ" lang="gv" hreflang="gv" data-title="Co-earrooder" data-language-autonym="Gaelg" data-language-local-name="ମାଁକ୍ସ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaelg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ha mw-list-item"><a href="https://ha.wikipedia.org/wiki/Komfuta" title="Komfuta – ହୌସା" lang="ha" hreflang="ha" data-title="Komfuta" data-language-autonym="Hausa" data-language-local-name="ହୌସା" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hausa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hak mw-list-item"><a href="https://hak.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thien-n%C3%B3" title="Thien-nó – Hakka Chinese" lang="hak" hreflang="hak" data-title="Thien-nó" data-language-autonym="客家語 / Hak-kâ-ngî" data-language-local-name="Hakka Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>客家語 / Hak-kâ-ngî</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%9E%D7%97%D7%A9%D7%91" title="מחשב – ହେବ୍ର୍ୟୁ" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="מחשב" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="ହେବ୍ର୍ୟୁ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%82%E0%A4%AA%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AF%E0%A5%82%E0%A4%9F%E0%A4%B0" title="कंप्यूटर – ହିନ୍ଦୀ" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="कंप्यूटर" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="ହିନ୍ଦୀ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hif mw-list-item"><a href="https://hif.wikipedia.org/wiki/Computer" title="Computer – Fiji Hindi" lang="hif" hreflang="hif" data-title="Computer" data-language-autonym="Fiji Hindi" data-language-local-name="Fiji Hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Fiji Hindi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ra%C4%8Dunalo" title="Računalo – କ୍ରୋଆଟିଆନ୍" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Računalo" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="କ୍ରୋଆଟିଆନ୍" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ht mw-list-item"><a href="https://ht.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%92dinat%C3%A8" title="Òdinatè – ହୈତାୟିନ୍" lang="ht" hreflang="ht" data-title="Òdinatè" data-language-autonym="Kreyòl ayisyen" data-language-local-name="ହୈତାୟିନ୍" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kreyòl ayisyen</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sz%C3%A1m%C3%ADt%C3%B3g%C3%A9p" title="Számítógép – ହଙ୍ଗେରୀୟ" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Számítógép" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="ହଙ୍ଗେରୀୟ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D5%80%D5%A1%D5%B4%D5%A1%D5%AF%D5%A1%D6%80%D5%A3%D5%AB%D5%B9" title="Համակարգիչ – ଆର୍ମେନିଆନ୍" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Համակարգիչ" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="ଆର୍ମେନିଆନ୍" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hyw mw-list-item"><a href="https://hyw.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D5%80%D5%A1%D5%B4%D5%A1%D5%AF%D5%A1%D6%80%D5%A3%D5%AB%D5%B9" title="Համակարգիչ – Western Armenian" lang="hyw" hreflang="hyw" data-title="Համակարգիչ" data-language-autonym="Արեւմտահայերէն" data-language-local-name="Western Armenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Արեւմտահայերէն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ia mw-list-item"><a href="https://ia.wikipedia.org/wiki/Computator" title="Computator – ଇର୍ଣ୍ଟଲିଙ୍ଗୁଆ" lang="ia" hreflang="ia" data-title="Computator" data-language-autonym="Interlingua" data-language-local-name="ଇର୍ଣ୍ଟଲିଙ୍ଗୁଆ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Interlingua</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-iba mw-list-item"><a href="https://iba.wikipedia.org/wiki/Komputer" title="Komputer – ଇବାନ୍" lang="iba" hreflang="iba" data-title="Komputer" data-language-autonym="Jaku Iban" data-language-local-name="ଇବାନ୍" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Jaku Iban</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Komputer" title="Komputer – ଇଣ୍ଡୋନେସୀୟ" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Komputer" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="ଇଣ୍ଡୋନେସୀୟ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ie mw-list-item"><a href="https://ie.wikipedia.org/wiki/Computator" title="Computator – ଇର୍ଣ୍ଟରଲିଙ୍ଗୁଇ" lang="ie" hreflang="ie" data-title="Computator" data-language-autonym="Interlingue" data-language-local-name="ଇର୍ଣ୍ଟରଲିଙ୍ଗୁଇ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Interlingue</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ig mw-list-item"><a href="https://ig.wikipedia.org/wiki/Orunotu" title="Orunotu – ଇଗବୋ" lang="ig" hreflang="ig" data-title="Orunotu" data-language-autonym="Igbo" data-language-local-name="ଇଗବୋ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Igbo</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ik mw-list-item"><a href="https://ik.wikipedia.org/wiki/Qaqasauraq" title="Qaqasauraq – ଇନୁପିୟାକ୍" lang="ik" hreflang="ik" data-title="Qaqasauraq" data-language-autonym="Iñupiatun" data-language-local-name="ଇନୁପିୟାକ୍" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Iñupiatun</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ilo mw-list-item"><a href="https://ilo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kompiuter" title="Kompiuter – ଇଲୋକୋ" lang="ilo" hreflang="ilo" data-title="Kompiuter" data-language-autonym="Ilokano" data-language-local-name="ଇଲୋକୋ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ilokano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-io mw-list-item"><a href="https://io.wikipedia.org/wiki/Komputero" title="Komputero – ଇଡୋ" lang="io" hreflang="io" data-title="Komputero" data-language-autonym="Ido" data-language-local-name="ଇଡୋ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ido</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is mw-list-item"><a href="https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/T%C3%B6lva" title="Tölva – ଆଇସଲାଣ୍ଡିକ୍" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="Tölva" data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="ଆଇସଲାଣ୍ଡିକ୍" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Íslenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Computer" title="Computer – ଇଟାଲୀୟ" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Computer" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="ଇଟାଲୀୟ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-iu mw-list-item"><a href="https://iu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%96%83%E1%95%8B%E1%93%B4%E1%90%85%E1%94%AD%E1%96%85" title="ᖃᕋᓴᐅᔭᖅ – ଇନୁକଟିଟୁତ୍‌" lang="iu" hreflang="iu" data-title="ᖃᕋᓴᐅᔭᖅ" data-language-autonym="ᐃᓄᒃᑎᑐᑦ / inuktitut" data-language-local-name="ଇନୁକଟିଟୁତ୍‌" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ᐃᓄᒃᑎᑐᑦ / inuktitut</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%82%B3%E3%83%B3%E3%83%94%E3%83%A5%E3%83%BC%E3%82%BF" title="コンピュータ – ଜାପାନୀ" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="コンピュータ" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="ଜାପାନୀ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jam mw-list-item"><a href="https://jam.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kompyuuta" title="Kompyuuta – Jamaican Creole English" lang="jam" hreflang="jam" data-title="Kompyuuta" data-language-autonym="Patois" data-language-local-name="Jamaican Creole English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Patois</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jbo mw-list-item"><a href="https://jbo.wikipedia.org/wiki/skami" title="skami – ଲୋଜବାନ୍" lang="jbo" hreflang="jbo" data-title="skami" data-language-autonym="La .lojban." data-language-local-name="ଲୋଜବାନ୍" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>La .lojban.</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jv mw-list-item"><a href="https://jv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Komputer" title="Komputer – ଜାଭାନୀଜ୍" lang="jv" hreflang="jv" data-title="Komputer" data-language-autonym="Jawa" data-language-local-name="ଜାଭାନୀଜ୍" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Jawa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%99%E1%83%9D%E1%83%9B%E1%83%9E%E1%83%98%E1%83%A3%E1%83%A2%E1%83%94%E1%83%A0%E1%83%98" title="კომპიუტერი – ଜର୍ଜିୟ" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="კომპიუტერი" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="ଜର୍ଜିୟ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kaa mw-list-item"><a href="https://kaa.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kompyuter" title="Kompyuter – କାରା-କଲ୍ପକ୍" lang="kaa" hreflang="kaa" data-title="Kompyuter" data-language-autonym="Qaraqalpaqsha" data-language-local-name="କାରା-କଲ୍ପକ୍" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Qaraqalpaqsha</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kab mw-list-item"><a href="https://kab.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aselkim" title="Aselkim – କବାଇଲ୍" lang="kab" hreflang="kab" data-title="Aselkim" data-language-autonym="Taqbaylit" data-language-local-name="କବାଇଲ୍" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Taqbaylit</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kbp mw-list-item"><a href="https://kbp.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C6%86%C9%94r%C9%A9d%C9%A9nat%C9%9B%C9%9Br%C9%A9" title="Ɔɔrɩdɩnatɛɛrɩ – Kabiye" lang="kbp" hreflang="kbp" data-title="Ɔɔrɩdɩnatɛɛrɩ" data-language-autonym="Kabɩyɛ" data-language-local-name="Kabiye" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kabɩyɛ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kg mw-list-item"><a href="https://kg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ludinatelo" title="Ludinatelo – କଙ୍ଗୋ" lang="kg" hreflang="kg" data-title="Ludinatelo" data-language-autonym="Kongo" data-language-local-name="କଙ୍ଗୋ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kongo</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ki mw-list-item"><a href="https://ki.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kombuita" title="Kombuita – କୀକୁୟୁ" lang="ki" hreflang="ki" data-title="Kombuita" data-language-autonym="Gĩkũyũ" data-language-local-name="କୀକୁୟୁ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gĩkũyũ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%BF%D1%8C%D1%8E%D1%82%D0%B5%D1%80" title="Компьютер – କାଜାକ୍" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="Компьютер" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="କାଜାକ୍" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Қазақша</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-km mw-list-item"><a href="https://km.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%9E%80%E1%9E%BB%E1%9F%86%E1%9E%96%E1%9F%92%E1%9E%99%E1%9E%BC%E1%9E%91%E1%9F%90%E1%9E%9A" title="កុំព្យូទ័រ – ଖାମେର୍" lang="km" hreflang="km" data-title="កុំព្យូទ័រ" data-language-autonym="ភាសាខ្មែរ" data-language-local-name="ଖାମେର୍" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ភាសាខ្មែរ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kn mw-list-item"><a href="https://kn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B2%95%E0%B2%82%E0%B2%AA%E0%B3%8D%E0%B2%AF%E0%B3%82%E0%B2%9F%E0%B2%B0%E0%B3%8D" title="ಕಂಪ್ಯೂಟರ್ – କନ୍ନଡ" lang="kn" hreflang="kn" data-title="ಕಂಪ್ಯೂಟರ್" data-language-autonym="ಕನ್ನಡ" data-language-local-name="କନ୍ନଡ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ಕನ್ನಡ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EC%BB%B4%ED%93%A8%ED%84%B0" title="컴퓨터 – କୋରିଆନ୍" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="컴퓨터" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="କୋରିଆନ୍" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-krc mw-list-item"><a href="https://krc.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%BF%D1%8C%D1%8E%D1%82%D0%B5%D1%80" title="Компьютер – କରାଚୟ-ବଲ୍କାର" lang="krc" hreflang="krc" data-title="Компьютер" data-language-autonym="Къарачай-малкъар" data-language-local-name="କରାଚୟ-ବଲ୍କାର" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Къарачай-малкъар</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ks mw-list-item"><a href="https://ks.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%A9%D9%8E%D9%85%D9%BE%DB%8C%D9%88%D9%97%D9%B9%D9%8E%D8%B1" title="کَمپیوٗٹَر – କାଶ୍ମିରୀ" lang="ks" hreflang="ks" data-title="کَمپیوٗٹَر" data-language-autonym="कॉशुर / کٲشُر" data-language-local-name="କାଶ୍ମିରୀ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>कॉशुर / کٲشُر</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ku mw-list-item"><a href="https://ku.wikipedia.org/wiki/Komputer" title="Komputer – କୁର୍ଦ୍ଦିଶ୍" lang="ku" hreflang="ku" data-title="Komputer" data-language-autonym="Kurdî" data-language-local-name="କୁର୍ଦ୍ଦିଶ୍" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kurdî</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kv mw-list-item"><a href="https://kv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%BF%D1%8C%D1%8E%D1%82%D0%B5%D1%80" title="Компьютер – କୋମି" lang="kv" hreflang="kv" data-title="Компьютер" data-language-autonym="Коми" data-language-local-name="କୋମି" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Коми</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kw mw-list-item"><a href="https://kw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jynn_amontya" title="Jynn amontya – କୋର୍ନିସ୍" lang="kw" hreflang="kw" data-title="Jynn amontya" data-language-autonym="Kernowek" data-language-local-name="କୋର୍ନିସ୍" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kernowek</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ky mw-list-item"><a href="https://ky.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%BF%D1%8C%D1%8E%D1%82%D0%B5%D1%80" title="Компьютер – କୀରଗୀଜ୍" lang="ky" hreflang="ky" data-title="Компьютер" data-language-autonym="Кыргызча" data-language-local-name="କୀରଗୀଜ୍" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Кыргызча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Computatrum" title="Computatrum – ଲାଟିନ୍" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Computatrum" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="ଲାଟିନ୍" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lad mw-list-item"><a href="https://lad.wikipedia.org/wiki/Contador" title="Contador – ଲାଦିନୋ" lang="lad" hreflang="lad" data-title="Contador" data-language-autonym="Ladino" data-language-local-name="ଲାଦିନୋ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ladino</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lb mw-list-item"><a href="https://lb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Computer" title="Computer – ଲକ୍ସେମବର୍ଗିସ୍" lang="lb" hreflang="lb" data-title="Computer" data-language-autonym="Lëtzebuergesch" data-language-local-name="ଲକ୍ସେମବର୍ଗିସ୍" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lëtzebuergesch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lez mw-list-item"><a href="https://lez.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%BF%D1%8C%D1%8E%D1%82%D0%B5%D1%80" title="Компьютер – ଲେଜଗିୟାନ୍" lang="lez" hreflang="lez" data-title="Компьютер" data-language-autonym="Лезги" data-language-local-name="ଲେଜଗିୟାନ୍" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Лезги</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lfn mw-list-item"><a href="https://lfn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Computador" title="Computador – Lingua Franca Nova" lang="lfn" hreflang="lfn" data-title="Computador" data-language-autonym="Lingua Franca Nova" data-language-local-name="Lingua Franca Nova" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lingua Franca Nova</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-li mw-list-item"><a href="https://li.wikipedia.org/wiki/Computer" title="Computer – ଲିମ୍ବୁର୍ଗିସ୍" lang="li" hreflang="li" data-title="Computer" data-language-autonym="Limburgs" data-language-local-name="ଲିମ୍ବୁର୍ଗିସ୍" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Limburgs</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lij mw-list-item"><a href="https://lij.wikipedia.org/wiki/Computer" title="Computer – Ligurian" lang="lij" hreflang="lij" data-title="Computer" data-language-autonym="Ligure" data-language-local-name="Ligurian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ligure</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lmo mw-list-item"><a href="https://lmo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Computer" title="Computer – Lombard" lang="lmo" hreflang="lmo" data-title="Computer" data-language-autonym="Lombard" data-language-local-name="Lombard" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lombard</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ln mw-list-item"><a href="https://ln.wikipedia.org/wiki/Es%C3%A1lela" title="Esálela – ଲିଙ୍ଗାଲା" lang="ln" hreflang="ln" data-title="Esálela" data-language-autonym="Lingála" data-language-local-name="ଲିଙ୍ଗାଲା" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lingála</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lo mw-list-item"><a href="https://lo.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%BA%84%E0%BA%AD%E0%BA%A1%E0%BA%9E%E0%BA%B4%E0%BA%A7%E0%BB%80%E0%BA%95%E0%BA%B5" title="ຄອມພິວເຕີ – ଲାଓ" lang="lo" hreflang="lo" data-title="ຄອມພິວເຕີ" data-language-autonym="ລາວ" data-language-local-name="ଲାଓ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ລາວ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kompiuteris" title="Kompiuteris – ଲିଥୁଆନିଆନ୍" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Kompiuteris" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="ଲିଥୁଆନିଆନ୍" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dators" title="Dators – ଲାଟଭିଆନ୍" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Dators" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="ଲାଟଭିଆନ୍" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mai mw-list-item"><a href="https://mai.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%AE%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AA%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AF%E0%A5%81%E0%A4%9F%E0%A4%B0" title="कम्प्युटर – ମୈଥିଳୀ" lang="mai" hreflang="mai" data-title="कम्प्युटर" data-language-autonym="मैथिली" data-language-local-name="ମୈଥିଳୀ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>मैथिली</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-map-bms mw-list-item"><a href="https://map-bms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Komputer" title="Komputer – Banyumasan" lang="jv-x-bms" hreflang="jv-x-bms" data-title="Komputer" data-language-autonym="Basa Banyumasan" data-language-local-name="Banyumasan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Basa Banyumasan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mg mw-list-item"><a href="https://mg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solosaina" title="Solosaina – ମାଲାଗାସୀ" lang="mg" hreflang="mg" data-title="Solosaina" data-language-autonym="Malagasy" data-language-local-name="ମାଲାଗାସୀ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Malagasy</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mhr mw-list-item"><a href="https://mhr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%BF%D1%8C%D1%8E%D1%82%D0%B5%D1%80" title="Компьютер – Eastern Mari" lang="mhr" hreflang="mhr" data-title="Компьютер" data-language-autonym="Олык марий" data-language-local-name="Eastern Mari" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Олык марий</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-min mw-list-item"><a href="https://min.wikipedia.org/wiki/Komputer" title="Komputer – ମିନାଙ୍ଗାବାଉ" lang="min" hreflang="min" data-title="Komputer" data-language-autonym="Minangkabau" data-language-local-name="ମିନାଙ୍ଗାବାଉ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Minangkabau</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%BC%D0%B5%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%87" title="Сметач – ମାସେଡୋନିଆନ୍" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Сметач" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="ମାସେଡୋନିଆନ୍" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml mw-list-item"><a href="https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B4%95%E0%B4%AE%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%AA%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%AF%E0%B5%82%E0%B4%9F%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%9F%E0%B5%BC" title="കമ്പ്യൂട്ടർ – ମାଲାୟଲମ୍" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="കമ്പ്യൂട്ടർ" data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="ମାଲାୟଲମ୍" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>മലയാളം</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mn badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="ବଛା ଲେଖା"><a href="https://mn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%BF%D1%8C%D1%8E%D1%82%D0%B5%D1%80" title="Компьютер – ମଙ୍ଗୋଳିୟ" lang="mn" hreflang="mn" data-title="Компьютер" data-language-autonym="Монгол" data-language-local-name="ମଙ୍ଗୋଳିୟ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Монгол</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mnw mw-list-item"><a href="https://mnw.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%80%81%E1%80%99%E1%80%BA%E1%80%95%E1%80%BB%E1%80%B0%E1%80%90%E1%80%AC" title="ခမ်ပျူတာ – Mon" lang="mnw" hreflang="mnw" data-title="ခမ်ပျူတာ" data-language-autonym="ဘာသာမန်" data-language-local-name="Mon" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ဘာသာမန်</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mr mw-list-item"><a href="https://mr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B8%E0%A4%82%E0%A4%97%E0%A4%A3%E0%A4%95_%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%9C%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%9E%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%A8" title="संगणक विज्ञान – ମରାଠୀ" lang="mr" hreflang="mr" data-title="संगणक विज्ञान" data-language-autonym="मराठी" data-language-local-name="ମରାଠୀ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>मराठी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Komputer" title="Komputer – ମାଲୟ" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Komputer" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="ମାଲୟ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mt mw-list-item"><a href="https://mt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kompjuter" title="Kompjuter – ମାଲଟୀଜ୍" lang="mt" hreflang="mt" data-title="Kompjuter" data-language-autonym="Malti" data-language-local-name="ମାଲଟୀଜ୍" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Malti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mwl mw-list-item"><a href="https://mwl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cumputador" title="Cumputador – ମିରାଣ୍ଡିଜ୍" lang="mwl" hreflang="mwl" data-title="Cumputador" data-language-autonym="Mirandés" data-language-local-name="ମିରାଣ୍ଡିଜ୍" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Mirandés</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-my mw-list-item"><a href="https://my.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%80%80%E1%80%BD%E1%80%94%E1%80%BA%E1%80%95%E1%80%BB%E1%80%B0%E1%80%90%E1%80%AC" title="ကွန်ပျူတာ – ବର୍ମୀଜ୍" lang="my" hreflang="my" data-title="ကွန်ပျူတာ" data-language-autonym="မြန်မာဘာသာ" data-language-local-name="ବର୍ମୀଜ୍" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>မြန်မာဘာသာ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-myv mw-list-item"><a href="https://myv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D1%80%D1%81%D0%B8_%D0%BC%D0%B0%D1%88%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%8C" title="Арси машинась – ଏର୍ଜୟା" lang="myv" hreflang="myv" data-title="Арси машинась" data-language-autonym="Эрзянь" data-language-local-name="ଏର୍ଜୟା" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Эрзянь</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mzn mw-list-item"><a href="https://mzn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%A9%D8%A7%D9%85%D9%BE%DB%8C%D9%88%D8%AA%D8%B1" title="کامپیوتر – ମାଜାନଡେରାନି" lang="mzn" hreflang="mzn" data-title="کامپیوتر" data-language-autonym="مازِرونی" data-language-local-name="ମାଜାନଡେରାନି" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مازِرونی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nap mw-list-item"><a href="https://nap.wikipedia.org/wiki/Computer" title="Computer – ନୀପୋଲିଟାନ୍" lang="nap" hreflang="nap" data-title="Computer" data-language-autonym="Napulitano" data-language-local-name="ନୀପୋଲିଟାନ୍" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Napulitano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nds mw-list-item"><a href="https://nds.wikipedia.org/wiki/Reekner" title="Reekner – ଲୋ ଜର୍ମାନ୍" lang="nds" hreflang="nds" data-title="Reekner" data-language-autonym="Plattdüütsch" data-language-local-name="ଲୋ ଜର୍ମାନ୍" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Plattdüütsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nds-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nds-nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Komputer" title="Komputer – Low Saxon" lang="nds-NL" hreflang="nds-NL" data-title="Komputer" data-language-autonym="Nedersaksies" data-language-local-name="Low Saxon" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nedersaksies</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ne mw-list-item"><a href="https://ne.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%AE%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AA%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AF%E0%A5%81%E0%A4%9F%E0%A4%B0" title="कम्प्युटर – ନେପାଳୀ" lang="ne" hreflang="ne" data-title="कम्प्युटर" data-language-autonym="नेपाली" data-language-local-name="ନେପାଳୀ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>नेपाली</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-new mw-list-item"><a href="https://new.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%AE%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AA%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AF%E0%A5%81%E0%A4%9F%E0%A4%B0" title="कम्प्युटर – ନେୱାରୀ" lang="new" hreflang="new" data-title="कम्प्युटर" data-language-autonym="नेपाल भाषा" data-language-local-name="ନେୱାରୀ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>नेपाल भाषा</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Computer" title="Computer – ଡଚ୍" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Computer" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="ଡଚ୍" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Datamaskin" title="Datamaskin – ନରୱେଜିଆନ୍ ନିୟୋର୍ସ୍କ" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Datamaskin" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="ନରୱେଜିଆନ୍ ନିୟୋର୍ସ୍କ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Datamaskin" title="Datamaskin – ନରୱେଜିଆନ୍ ବୋକମଲ୍" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Datamaskin" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="ନରୱେଜିଆନ୍ ବୋକମଲ୍" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nqo mw-list-item"><a href="https://nqo.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DF%95%DF%9F%DF%8B%DF%AC%DF%93%DF%8A%DF%AE" title="ߕߟߋ߬ߓߊ߮ – ଏନକୋ" lang="nqo" hreflang="nqo" data-title="ߕߟߋ߬ߓߊ߮" data-language-autonym="ߒߞߏ" data-language-local-name="ଏନକୋ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ߒߞߏ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-oc mw-list-item"><a href="https://oc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ordinator" title="Ordinator – ଓସିଟାନ୍" lang="oc" hreflang="oc" data-title="Ordinator" data-language-autonym="Occitan" data-language-local-name="ଓସିଟାନ୍" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Occitan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-olo mw-list-item"><a href="https://olo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tiedokoneh" title="Tiedokoneh – Livvi-Karelian" lang="olo" hreflang="olo" data-title="Tiedokoneh" data-language-autonym="Livvinkarjala" data-language-local-name="Livvi-Karelian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Livvinkarjala</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-om badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="ବଛା ଲେଖା"><a href="https://om.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kompitara" title="Kompitara – ଓରୋମୋ" lang="om" hreflang="om" data-title="Kompitara" data-language-autonym="Oromoo" data-language-local-name="ଓରୋମୋ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oromoo</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-os mw-list-item"><a href="https://os.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%BF%D1%8C%D1%8E%D1%82%D0%B5%D1%80" title="Компьютер – ଓସେଟିକ୍" lang="os" hreflang="os" data-title="Компьютер" data-language-autonym="Ирон" data-language-local-name="ଓସେଟିକ୍" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ирон</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pa mw-list-item"><a href="https://pa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A8%95%E0%A9%B0%E0%A8%AA%E0%A8%BF%E0%A8%8A%E0%A8%9F%E0%A8%B0" title="ਕੰਪਿਊਟਰ – ପଞ୍ଜାବୀ" lang="pa" hreflang="pa" data-title="ਕੰਪਿਊਟਰ" data-language-autonym="ਪੰਜਾਬੀ" data-language-local-name="ପଞ୍ଜାବୀ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ਪੰਜਾਬੀ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pam mw-list-item"><a href="https://pam.wikipedia.org/wiki/Computer" title="Computer – ପାମ୍ପାଙ୍ଗା" lang="pam" hreflang="pam" data-title="Computer" data-language-autonym="Kapampangan" data-language-local-name="ପାମ୍ପାଙ୍ଗା" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kapampangan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Komputer" title="Komputer – ପୋଲିଶ୍" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Komputer" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="ପୋଲିଶ୍" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pms mw-list-item"><a href="https://pms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ordinator" title="Ordinator – Piedmontese" lang="pms" hreflang="pms" data-title="Ordinator" data-language-autonym="Piemontèis" data-language-local-name="Piedmontese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Piemontèis</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pnb mw-list-item"><a href="https://pnb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%A9%D9%85%D9%BE%DB%8C%D9%88%D9%B9%D8%B1" title="کمپیوٹر – Western Punjabi" lang="pnb" hreflang="pnb" data-title="کمپیوٹر" data-language-autonym="پنجابی" data-language-local-name="Western Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پنجابی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pnt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pnt.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%97%CE%BB%CE%B5%CE%BA%CF%84%CF%81%CE%BF%CE%BD%CE%B9%CE%BA%CF%8C%CE%BD_%CF%85%CF%80%CE%BF%CE%BB%CE%BF%CE%B3%CE%B9%CF%83%CF%84%CE%AE%CF%82" title="Ηλεκτρονικόν υπολογιστής – Pontic" lang="pnt" hreflang="pnt" data-title="Ηλεκτρονικόν υπολογιστής" data-language-autonym="Ποντιακά" data-language-local-name="Pontic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ποντιακά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ps mw-list-item"><a href="https://ps.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B3%D9%88%D9%84%DA%AF%D8%B1" title="سولگر – ପାସ୍ତୋ" lang="ps" hreflang="ps" data-title="سولگر" data-language-autonym="پښتو" data-language-local-name="ପାସ୍ତୋ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پښتو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Computador" title="Computador – ପର୍ତ୍ତୁଗୀଜ୍‌" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Computador" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="ପର୍ତ୍ତୁଗୀଜ୍‌" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-qu mw-list-item"><a href="https://qu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anta%C3%B1iqichaq" title="Antañiqichaq – କ୍ୱେଚୁଆ" lang="qu" hreflang="qu" data-title="Antañiqichaq" data-language-autonym="Runa Simi" data-language-local-name="କ୍ୱେଚୁଆ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Runa Simi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-rmy mw-list-item"><a href="https://rmy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ginepaskro" title="Ginepaskro – Vlax Romani" lang="rmy" hreflang="rmy" data-title="Ginepaskro" data-language-autonym="Romani čhib" data-language-local-name="Vlax Romani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Romani čhib</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Calculator" title="Calculator – ରୋମାନିଆନ୍" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Calculator" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="ରୋମାନିଆନ୍" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%BF%D1%8C%D1%8E%D1%82%D0%B5%D1%80" title="Компьютер – ରୁଷିୟ" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Компьютер" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="ରୁଷିୟ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-rue mw-list-item"><a href="https://rue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%BF%D1%8E%D1%82%D0%B5%D1%80" title="Компютер – Rusyn" lang="rue" hreflang="rue" data-title="Компютер" data-language-autonym="Русиньскый" data-language-local-name="Rusyn" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русиньскый</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sa mw-list-item"><a href="https://sa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B8%E0%A4%99%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%97%E0%A4%A3%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%AE%E0%A5%8D" title="सङ्गणकम् – ସଂସ୍କୃତ" lang="sa" hreflang="sa" data-title="सङ्गणकम्" data-language-autonym="संस्कृतम्" data-language-local-name="ସଂସ୍କୃତ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>संस्कृतम्</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sah mw-list-item"><a href="https://sah.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D3%A9%D0%BC%D0%BF%D2%AF%D2%AF%D1%82%D1%8D%D1%80" title="Көмпүүтэр – ସାଖା" lang="sah" hreflang="sah" data-title="Көмпүүтэр" data-language-autonym="Саха тыла" data-language-local-name="ସାଖା" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Саха тыла</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sat mw-list-item"><a href="https://sat.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%B1%A0%E1%B1%9A%E1%B1%A2%E1%B1%AF%E1%B1%A9%E1%B1%B4%E1%B1%9A%E1%B1%A8" title="ᱠᱚᱢᱯᱩᱴᱚᱨ – ସାନ୍ତାଳି" lang="sat" hreflang="sat" data-title="ᱠᱚᱢᱯᱩᱴᱚᱨ" data-language-autonym="ᱥᱟᱱᱛᱟᱲᱤ" data-language-local-name="ସାନ୍ତାଳି" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ᱥᱟᱱᱛᱟᱲᱤ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sc mw-list-item"><a href="https://sc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Computer" title="Computer – ସର୍ଦିନିଆନ୍" lang="sc" hreflang="sc" data-title="Computer" data-language-autonym="Sardu" data-language-local-name="ସର୍ଦିନିଆନ୍" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sardu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-scn mw-list-item"><a href="https://scn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Computer" title="Computer – ସିଶିଲିଆନ୍" lang="scn" hreflang="scn" data-title="Computer" data-language-autonym="Sicilianu" data-language-local-name="ସିଶିଲିଆନ୍" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sicilianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sco mw-list-item"><a href="https://sco.wikipedia.org/wiki/Computer" title="Computer – ସ୍କଟସ୍" lang="sco" hreflang="sco" data-title="Computer" data-language-autonym="Scots" data-language-local-name="ସ୍କଟସ୍" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Scots</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sd mw-list-item"><a href="https://sd.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%AA%D9%85%D9%BE%D9%8A%D9%88%D9%BD%D8%B1" title="ڪمپيوٽر – ସିନ୍ଧୀ" lang="sd" hreflang="sd" data-title="ڪمپيوٽر" data-language-autonym="سنڌي" data-language-local-name="ସିନ୍ଧୀ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>سنڌي</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kompjuter" title="Kompjuter – ସର୍ବୋ-କ୍ରୋଆଟିଆନ୍" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Kompjuter" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="ସର୍ବୋ-କ୍ରୋଆଟିଆନ୍" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-shi mw-list-item"><a href="https://shi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amssuds" title="Amssuds – ତାଚେଲହିଟ୍" lang="shi" hreflang="shi" data-title="Amssuds" data-language-autonym="Taclḥit" data-language-local-name="ତାଚେଲହିଟ୍" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Taclḥit</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-si mw-list-item"><a href="https://si.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B6%B4%E0%B6%BB%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%9C%E0%B6%AB%E0%B6%9A%E0%B6%BA" title="පරිගණකය – ସିଂହଳ" lang="si" hreflang="si" data-title="පරිගණකය" data-language-autonym="සිංහල" data-language-local-name="ସିଂହଳ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>සිංහල</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Computer" title="Computer – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Computer" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Po%C4%8D%C3%ADta%C4%8D" title="Počítač – ସ୍ଲୋଭାକ୍" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Počítač" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="ସ୍ଲୋଭାକ୍" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-skr mw-list-item"><a href="https://skr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%A9%D9%85%D9%BE%DB%8C%D9%88%D9%B9%D8%B1" title="کمپیوٹر – Saraiki" lang="skr" hreflang="skr" data-title="کمپیوٹر" data-language-autonym="سرائیکی" data-language-local-name="Saraiki" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>سرائیکی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ra%C4%8Dunalnik" title="Računalnik – ସ୍ଲୋଭେନିଆନ୍" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Računalnik" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="ସ୍ଲୋଭେନିଆନ୍" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sm mw-list-item"><a href="https://sm.wikipedia.org/wiki/Komipiuta" title="Komipiuta – ସାମୋଆନ୍" lang="sm" hreflang="sm" data-title="Komipiuta" data-language-autonym="Gagana Samoa" data-language-local-name="ସାମୋଆନ୍" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gagana Samoa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sn mw-list-item"><a href="https://sn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kombiyuta" title="Kombiyuta – ଶୋନା" lang="sn" hreflang="sn" data-title="Kombiyuta" data-language-autonym="ChiShona" data-language-local-name="ଶୋନା" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ChiShona</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-so mw-list-item"><a href="https://so.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kumbuyuutar" title="Kumbuyuutar – ସୋମାଲିଆ" lang="so" hreflang="so" data-title="Kumbuyuutar" data-language-autonym="Soomaaliga" data-language-local-name="ସୋମାଲିଆ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Soomaaliga</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sq mw-list-item"><a href="https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kompjuteri" title="Kompjuteri – ଆଲବାନିଆନ୍" lang="sq" hreflang="sq" data-title="Kompjuteri" data-language-autonym="Shqip" data-language-local-name="ଆଲବାନିଆନ୍" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Shqip</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A0%D0%B0%D1%87%D1%83%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%80" title="Рачунар – ସର୍ବିୟ" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Рачунар" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="ସର୍ବିୟ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-st mw-list-item"><a href="https://st.wikipedia.org/wiki/Khomputa" title="Khomputa – ସେସୋଥୋ" lang="st" hreflang="st" data-title="Khomputa" data-language-autonym="Sesotho" data-language-local-name="ସେସୋଥୋ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sesotho</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-stq mw-list-item"><a href="https://stq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Computer" title="Computer – Saterland Frisian" lang="stq" hreflang="stq" data-title="Computer" data-language-autonym="Seeltersk" data-language-local-name="Saterland Frisian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Seeltersk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-su mw-list-item"><a href="https://su.wikipedia.org/wiki/Komputer" title="Komputer – ସୁଦାନୀଜ୍" lang="su" hreflang="su" data-title="Komputer" data-language-autonym="Sunda" data-language-local-name="ସୁଦାନୀଜ୍" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sunda</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dator" title="Dator – ସ୍ୱେଡିସ୍" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Dator" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="ସ୍ୱେଡିସ୍" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sw mw-list-item"><a href="https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tarakilishi" title="Tarakilishi – ସ୍ୱାହିଲ୍" lang="sw" hreflang="sw" data-title="Tarakilishi" data-language-autonym="Kiswahili" data-language-local-name="ସ୍ୱାହିଲ୍" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kiswahili</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-szl mw-list-item"><a href="https://szl.wikipedia.org/wiki/K%C5%AFmputer" title="Kůmputer – Silesian" lang="szl" hreflang="szl" data-title="Kůmputer" data-language-autonym="Ślůnski" data-language-local-name="Silesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ślůnski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-szy mw-list-item"><a href="https://szy.wikipedia.org/wiki/tingnaw" title="tingnaw – Sakizaya" lang="szy" hreflang="szy" data-title="tingnaw" data-language-autonym="Sakizaya" data-language-local-name="Sakizaya" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sakizaya</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%95%E0%AE%A3%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%A9%E0%AE%BF" title="கணினி – ତାମିଲ୍" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="கணினி" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="ତାମିଲ୍" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>தமிழ்</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tay mw-list-item"><a href="https://tay.wikipedia.org/wiki/tennaw" title="tennaw – Tayal" lang="tay" hreflang="tay" data-title="tennaw" data-language-autonym="Tayal" data-language-local-name="Tayal" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tayal</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tcy mw-list-item"><a href="https://tcy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B2%95%E0%B2%82%E0%B2%AA%E0%B3%8D%E0%B2%AF%E0%B3%82%E0%B2%9F%E0%B2%B0%E0%B3%8D" title="ಕಂಪ್ಯೂಟರ್ – Tulu" lang="tcy" hreflang="tcy" data-title="ಕಂಪ್ಯೂಟರ್" data-language-autonym="ತುಳು" data-language-local-name="Tulu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ತುಳು</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-te mw-list-item"><a href="https://te.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B0%95%E0%B0%82%E0%B0%AA%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%AF%E0%B1%82%E0%B0%9F%E0%B0%B0%E0%B1%81" title="కంప్యూటరు – ତେଲୁଗୁ" lang="te" hreflang="te" data-title="కంప్యూటరు" data-language-autonym="తెలుగు" data-language-local-name="ତେଲୁଗୁ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>తెలుగు</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tg mw-list-item"><a href="https://tg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A0%D0%BE%D1%91%D0%BD%D0%B0" title="Роёна – ତାଜିକ୍" lang="tg" hreflang="tg" data-title="Роёна" data-language-autonym="Тоҷикӣ" data-language-local-name="ତାଜିକ୍" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Тоҷикӣ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%84%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%A1%E0%B8%9E%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%A7%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%95%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%A3%E0%B9%8C" title="คอมพิวเตอร์ – ଥାଇ" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="คอมพิวเตอร์" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="ଥାଇ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tk mw-list-item"><a href="https://tk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Komp%C3%BDuter" title="Kompýuter – ତୁର୍କମେନ୍" lang="tk" hreflang="tk" data-title="Kompýuter" data-language-autonym="Türkmençe" data-language-local-name="ତୁର୍କମେନ୍" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkmençe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tl mw-list-item"><a href="https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kompyuter" title="Kompyuter – ଟାଗାଲଗ୍" lang="tl" hreflang="tl" data-title="Kompyuter" data-language-autonym="Tagalog" data-language-local-name="ଟାଗାଲଗ୍" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tagalog</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tly mw-list-item"><a href="https://tly.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kompjuter" title="Kompjuter – Talysh" lang="tly" hreflang="tly" data-title="Kompjuter" data-language-autonym="Tolışi" data-language-local-name="Talysh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tolışi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bilgisayar" title="Bilgisayar – ତୁର୍କିସ୍" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Bilgisayar" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="ତୁର୍କିସ୍" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ts mw-list-item"><a href="https://ts.wikipedia.org/wiki/Khompuyuta" title="Khompuyuta – ସୋଙ୍ଗା" lang="ts" hreflang="ts" data-title="Khompuyuta" data-language-autonym="Xitsonga" data-language-local-name="ସୋଙ୍ଗା" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Xitsonga</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tt badge-Q17437798 badge-goodarticle mw-list-item" title="ଭଲ ଲେଖା"><a href="https://tt.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%BA" title="Санак – ତାତାର୍" lang="tt" hreflang="tt" data-title="Санак" data-language-autonym="Татарча / tatarça" data-language-local-name="ତାତାର୍" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Татарча / tatarça</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ug mw-list-item"><a href="https://ug.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%83%D9%88%D9%85%D9%BE%D9%8A%DB%87%D8%AA%DB%90%D8%B1" title="كومپيۇتېر – ୟୁଘୁର୍" lang="ug" hreflang="ug" data-title="كومپيۇتېر" data-language-autonym="ئۇيغۇرچە / Uyghurche" data-language-local-name="ୟୁଘୁର୍" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ئۇيغۇرچە / Uyghurche</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%BF%27%D1%8E%D1%82%D0%B5%D1%80" title="Комп'ютер – ୟୁକ୍ରାନିଆନ୍" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Комп'ютер" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="ୟୁକ୍ରାନିଆନ୍" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%A9%D9%85%D9%BE%DB%8C%D9%88%D9%B9%D8%B1" title="کمپیوٹر – ଉର୍ଦ୍ଦୁ" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="کمپیوٹر" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="ଉର୍ଦ୍ଦୁ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>اردو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kompyuter" title="Kompyuter – ଉଜବେକ୍" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="Kompyuter" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="ଉଜବେକ୍" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vec mw-list-item"><a href="https://vec.wikipedia.org/wiki/Computer" title="Computer – Venetian" lang="vec" hreflang="vec" data-title="Computer" data-language-autonym="Vèneto" data-language-local-name="Venetian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Vèneto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vep mw-list-item"><a href="https://vep.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kompjuter" title="Kompjuter – Veps" lang="vep" hreflang="vep" data-title="Kompjuter" data-language-autonym="Vepsän kel’" data-language-local-name="Veps" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Vepsän kel’</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/M%C3%A1y_t%C3%ADnh" title="Máy tính – ଭିଏତନାମିଜ୍" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Máy tính" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="ଭିଏତନାମିଜ୍" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vls mw-list-item"><a href="https://vls.wikipedia.org/wiki/Computer" title="Computer – West Flemish" lang="vls" hreflang="vls" data-title="Computer" data-language-autonym="West-Vlams" data-language-local-name="West Flemish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>West-Vlams</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vo mw-list-item"><a href="https://vo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Komp%C3%BCt%C3%B6m" title="Kompütöm – ବୋଲାପୁକ" lang="vo" hreflang="vo" data-title="Kompütöm" data-language-autonym="Volapük" data-language-local-name="ବୋଲାପୁକ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Volapük</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wa mw-list-item"><a href="https://wa.wikipedia.org/wiki/Copiutrece" title="Copiutrece – ୱାଲୁନ୍" lang="wa" hreflang="wa" data-title="Copiutrece" data-language-autonym="Walon" data-language-local-name="ୱାଲୁନ୍" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Walon</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-war mw-list-item"><a href="https://war.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kompyuter" title="Kompyuter – ୱାରୈ" lang="war" hreflang="war" data-title="Kompyuter" data-language-autonym="Winaray" data-language-local-name="ୱାରୈ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Winaray</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wo mw-list-item"><a href="https://wo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nosukaay" title="Nosukaay – ୱୋଲଫ୍" lang="wo" hreflang="wo" data-title="Nosukaay" data-language-autonym="Wolof" data-language-local-name="ୱୋଲଫ୍" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Wolof</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E7%94%B5%E5%AD%90%E8%AE%A1%E7%AE%97%E6%9C%BA" title="电子计算机 – ୱୁ ଚାଇନିଜ" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="电子计算机" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="ୱୁ ଚାଇନିଜ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>吴语</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-xh mw-list-item"><a href="https://xh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ikhompyutha" title="Ikhompyutha – ଖୋସା" lang="xh" hreflang="xh" data-title="Ikhompyutha" data-language-autonym="IsiXhosa" data-language-local-name="ଖୋସା" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>IsiXhosa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-xmf mw-list-item"><a href="https://xmf.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%99%E1%83%9D%E1%83%9B%E1%83%9E%E1%83%98%E1%83%A3%E1%83%A2%E1%83%94%E1%83%A0%E1%83%98" title="კომპიუტერი – Mingrelian" lang="xmf" hreflang="xmf" data-title="კომპიუტერი" data-language-autonym="მარგალური" data-language-local-name="Mingrelian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>მარგალური</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-yi mw-list-item"><a href="https://yi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%A7%D7%90%D7%9E%D7%A4%D7%99%D7%95%D7%98%D7%A2%D7%A8" title="קאמפיוטער – ୟିଡିସ୍" lang="yi" hreflang="yi" data-title="קאמפיוטער" data-language-autonym="ייִדיש" data-language-local-name="ୟିଡିସ୍" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ייִדיש</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-za mw-list-item"><a href="https://za.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dennauj" title="Dennauj – ଜୁଆଙ୍ଗ" lang="za" hreflang="za" data-title="Dennauj" data-language-autonym="Vahcuengh" data-language-local-name="ଜୁଆଙ୍ଗ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Vahcuengh</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zgh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zgh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E2%B4%B0%E2%B5%8E%E2%B5%99%E2%B5%99%E2%B5%93%E2%B4%B7%E2%B5%99" title="ⴰⵎⵙⵙⵓⴷⵙ – ମାନାଙ୍କ ମରୋକିୟ ତାମାଜିଘାଟ୍" lang="zgh" hreflang="zgh" data-title="ⴰⵎⵙⵙⵓⴷⵙ" data-language-autonym="ⵜⴰⵎⴰⵣⵉⵖⵜ ⵜⴰⵏⴰⵡⴰⵢⵜ" data-language-local-name="ମାନାଙ୍କ ମରୋକିୟ ତାମାଜିଘାଟ୍" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ⵜⴰⵎⴰⵣⵉⵖⵜ ⵜⴰⵏⴰⵡⴰⵢⵜ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E7%94%B5%E5%AD%90%E8%AE%A1%E7%AE%97%E6%9C%BA" title="电子计算机 – ଚାଇନିଜ୍‌" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="电子计算机" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="ଚାଇନିଜ୍‌" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-classical mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-classical.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E9%9B%BB%E8%85%A6" title="電腦 – Literary Chinese" lang="lzh" hreflang="lzh" data-title="電腦" data-language-autonym="文言" data-language-local-name="Literary Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>文言</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-min-nan mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-min-nan.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ti%C4%81n-n%C3%A1u" title="Tiān-náu – Minnan" lang="nan" hreflang="nan" data-title="Tiān-náu" data-language-autonym="閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú" data-language-local-name="Minnan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E9%9B%BB%E8%85%A6" title="電腦 – କାନଟୋନେସେ" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="電腦" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="କାନଟୋନେସେ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>粵語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zu mw-list-item"><a href="https://zu.wikipedia.org/wiki/IsiCikizi" title="IsiCikizi – ଜୁଲୁ" lang="zu" hreflang="zu" 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decoding="async" width="182" height="92" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/58/Delta-C_personal_computer.jpg/273px-Delta-C_personal_computer.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/58/Delta-C_personal_computer.jpg/364px-Delta-C_personal_computer.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4572" data-file-height="2316" /></a></span></span> <span style="white-space:nowrap"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/%E0%AC%AB%E0%AC%BE%E0%AC%87%E0%AC%B2:Centcom20040818.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fd/Centcom20040818.jpg/113px-Centcom20040818.jpg" decoding="async" width="113" height="85" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fd/Centcom20040818.jpg/171px-Centcom20040818.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fd/Centcom20040818.jpg/227px-Centcom20040818.jpg 2x" data-file-width="677" data-file-height="508" /></a></span></span></td></tr></tbody></table> <p><b>କମ୍ପ୍ୟୁଟର</b> ଏମିତି ଏକ ବୈଦ୍ୟୁତିକ ଯନ୍ତ୍ର ଯାହାକି ମଣିଷଠାରୁ <b><a href="/wiki/%E0%AC%A4%E0%AC%A5%E0%AD%8D%E0%AD%9F" title="ତଥ୍ୟ">ତଥ୍ୟ</a></b> (Data) ନିଏ, ସେସବୁକୁ ସାଇତି ରଖେ ଏବଂ ପୂର୍ବରୁ ସଂରକ୍ଷିତ ଆଦେଶ ମୁତାବକ ଆପେ ସେ ସବୁ <a href="/wiki/%E0%AC%A4%E0%AC%A5%E0%AD%8D%E0%AD%9F" title="ତଥ୍ୟ">ତଥ୍ୟ</a>କୁ ପ୍ରକ୍ରିୟାକରଣ କରି ଉତ୍ତର ଦିଏ ।<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://edukosal.blogspot.com/2020/05/what-is-computer-in-odia.html?m=1">ସଂରକ୍ଷିତ</a> ଉତ୍ତର କମ୍ପ୍ୟୁଟର ( RAM memory)ରେ ରହିଥାଏ। ଏକ ସମୟରେ ଗାଣିତିକ ଏବଂ ତର୍କ ଯୁକ୍ତ କାର୍ଯ୍ୟ କରିପାରେ । ଏକାଧିକ କାମ କରିପାରୁଥିବାରୁ କମ୍ପ୍ୟୁଟରକୁ ଏକ ମଲଟିଟାସ୍କିଂ ଯନ୍ତ୍ର ବୋଲି କୁହାଯାଏ । </p><p>କେତେଗୁଡିଏ ବିଶେଷ ଅଂଶକୁ ନେଇ କମ୍ପ୍ୟୁଟର ତିଆରି ହୋଇଥାଏ । ସେଥିମଧ୍ୟରୁ CPU (Central Processing Unit) ଅନ୍ୟତମ । ଏହା ସହିତ କମ୍ପ୍ୟୁଟରରେ ମେମୋରୀ ୟୁନିଟ୍, ALU (Arithmetic and Logic Unit), କଣ୍ଟ୍ରୋଲ୍ ୟୁନିଟ୍ ଇତ୍ୟାଦି ମଧ୍ୟ ରହିଥାଏ । କମ୍ପ୍ୟୁଟର ପ୍ରଥମେ ଇନପୁଟ୍ ଗ୍ରହଣ କରେ, ଏହାକୁ ଦିଆଯାଇଥିବା ସୂଚନା ଅନୁସାରେ କାର୍ଯ୍ୟ ସମ୍ପାଦନ କରେ, ଏହା ପରେ ଉତ୍ତରଟିକୁ ଅଉଟ୍‌ପୁଟ୍ ହିସାବରେ ବ୍ୟବହାରକାରୀକୁ ପ୍ରଦାନ କରିଥାଏ । </p><p>ପ୍ରଥମ ଶତାବ୍ଦୀରୁ ହିଁ କମ୍ପ୍ୟୁଟରର ବ୍ୟବହାର ହୋଇ ଆସୁଛି । କିନ୍ତୁ ସେତେବେଳର କମ୍ପ୍ୟୁଟର ଏବଂ ଆଜିର କମ୍ପ୍ୟୁଟର ମଧ୍ୟରେ ଆକାଶ ପାତାଳ ତପାଥ ରହିଛି । ସେତେବେଳେ କମ୍ପ୍ୟୁଟର କେବଳ ଗଣନା ପାଇଁ ବ୍ୟବହାର ହେଉଥିଲା । ଆଜି କମ୍ପ୍ୟୁଟର ଏକ ଶହରୁ ଅଧିକ ଭିନ୍ନ ଭିନ୍ନ କାମ ପାଇଁ ବ୍ୟବହାର ହେଉଅଛି ।<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>୧<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>ଆଧୁନିକ କମ୍ପ୍ୟୁଟର ସବୁ ଖୁବ କମ ଜାଗାରେ ରହି ପାରେ, ଅଳ୍ପ ସମୟରେ ଖୁବ ଅଧିକ ତଥ୍ୟ ଖୋଜିପାରେ ଆଉ କଠିନ ଗଣିତସବୁ ସହଜରେ ସମାଧାନ କରିପାରେ । ଆଜିକାଲି ମୋବାଇଲଠାରୁ ଆରମ୍ଭ କରି ବହୁତ ବଡ଼ ଧରଣର କମ୍ପ୍ୟୁଟର ଦେଖିବାକୁ ମିଳୁଛି ।<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>୨<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>ଯେମିତି କୁହାଯାଏ ଯେ ମଣିଷ ହେଉଛି ପ୍ରକୃତିର ଶ୍ରେଷ୍ଠ ସୃଷ୍ଟି, ସେମିତି କୁହାଯାଇପାରେ ଯେ କମ୍ପ୍ୟୁଟର ମଣିଷର ଶ୍ରେଷ୍ଠ ସୃଷ୍ଟି । </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading1"><h1 id="ଗଠନ"><span id=".E0.AC.97.E0.AC.A0.E0.AC.A8"></span>ଗଠନ</h1><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%AC%95%E0%AC%AE%E0%AD%8D%E0%AC%AA%E0%AD%8D%E0%AD%9F%E0%AD%81%E0%AC%9F%E0%AC%B0&action=edit&section=1" title="ଗଠନ ଭାଗଟିକୁ ବଦଳାଇବେ"><span>ସମ୍ପାଦନା</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>କମ୍ପ୍ୟୁଟର ପ୍ରଣାଳୀ ମୁଖ୍ୟତଃ 2ଟି ଉପାଦାନକୁ ନେଇ ଗଠିତ, ଏଗୁଡ଼ିକ ହେଉଛି: <a href="/wiki/%E0%AC%B9%E0%AC%BE%E0%AC%B0%E0%AD%8D%E0%AC%A1%E0%AD%B1%E0%AD%87%E0%AC%B0" title="ହାର୍ଡୱେର">ହାର୍ଡୱେର</a> ଓ <a href="/wiki/%E0%AC%B8%E0%AC%AB%E0%AD%8D%E0%AC%9F%E0%AD%B1%E0%AD%87%E0%AC%B0" title="ସଫ୍ଟୱେର">ସଫ୍ଟୱେର</a> । ହାର୍ଡ୍ୱେର୍ ହେଉଛି କମ୍ପ୍ୟୁଟର ପ୍ରଣାଳୀର ସେହି ସବୁ ଉପାଦାନ ଯାହା ସ୍ଥାବର, ଅର୍ଥାତ ଯାହାକୁ ସ୍ପର୍ଶ କରିହୁଏ ଯେପରି କିବୋର୍ଡ, ମାଉସ ଇତ୍ୟାଦି । ସଫ୍ଟୱେର ସେହିପରି ସ୍ପର୍ଶ କରି ହେଉ ନଥିବା ଉପାଦାନ ସବୁକୁ ବୁଝାଇଥାଏ । </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="ନାମକରଣର_ଯଥାର୍ଥତା"><span id=".E0.AC.A8.E0.AC.BE.E0.AC.AE.E0.AC.95.E0.AC.B0.E0.AC.A3.E0.AC.B0_.E0.AC.AF.E0.AC.A5.E0.AC.BE.E0.AC.B0.E0.AD.8D.E0.AC.A5.E0.AC.A4.E0.AC.BE"></span>ନାମକରଣର ଯଥାର୍ଥତା</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%AC%95%E0%AC%AE%E0%AD%8D%E0%AC%AA%E0%AD%8D%E0%AD%9F%E0%AD%81%E0%AC%9F%E0%AC%B0&action=edit&section=2" title="ନାମକରଣର ଯଥାର୍ଥତା ଭାଗଟିକୁ ବଦଳାଇବେ"><span>ସମ୍ପାଦନା</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>କମ୍ପ୍ୟୁଟର ନାମଟି କମ୍ପ୍ୟୁଟ ନାମକ ଏକ ଶବ୍ଦରୁ ଆସିଛି ଯାହାର ଅର୍ଥ ହେଉଛି ଗଣନା କରିବା । ଏଣୁ ସଂକ୍ଷିପ୍ତରେ କମ୍ପ୍ୟୁଟର ଏକ ଗଣନା କରିବା ଯନ୍ତ୍ର । କମ୍ପ୍ୟୁଟର ଶବ୍ଦଟି ପ୍ରଥମ କରି ୧୬୧୩ ମସିହାରେ Richard Braithwaitଙ୍କଦ୍ୱାରା ଲିଖିତ ଏକ ପୁସ୍ତକ <b>The Yong Mans Gleanings</b>ରେ ହୋଇଥିଲା । ଏଥିରେ କମ୍ପ୍ୟୁଟର ଏକ ବ୍ୟକ୍ତିକୁ ଦର୍ଶାଉଥିଲା ଯେ କି ଗଣନା କରୁଥିଲେ ।<sup id="cite_ref-OEDComputer_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-OEDComputer-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>୩<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="ଇତିହାସ"><span id=".E0.AC.87.E0.AC.A4.E0.AC.BF.E0.AC.B9.E0.AC.BE.E0.AC.B8"></span>ଇତିହାସ</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%AC%95%E0%AC%AE%E0%AD%8D%E0%AC%AA%E0%AD%8D%E0%AD%9F%E0%AD%81%E0%AC%9F%E0%AC%B0&action=edit&section=3" title="ଇତିହାସ ଭାଗଟିକୁ ବଦଳାଇବେ"><span>ସମ୍ପାଦନା</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="ପ୍ରାକ୍_ବିଂଶ_ଶତାବ୍ଦୀ"><span id=".E0.AC.AA.E0.AD.8D.E0.AC.B0.E0.AC.BE.E0.AC.95.E0.AD.8D_.E0.AC.AC.E0.AC.BF.E0.AC.82.E0.AC.B6_.E0.AC.B6.E0.AC.A4.E0.AC.BE.E0.AC.AC.E0.AD.8D.E0.AC.A6.E0.AD.80"></span>ପ୍ରାକ୍ ବିଂଶ ଶତାବ୍ଦୀ</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%AC%95%E0%AC%AE%E0%AD%8D%E0%AC%AA%E0%AD%8D%E0%AD%9F%E0%AD%81%E0%AC%9F%E0%AC%B0&action=edit&section=4" title="ପ୍ରାକ୍ ବିଂଶ ଶତାବ୍ଦୀ ଭାଗଟିକୁ ବଦଳାଇବେ"><span>ସମ୍ପାଦନା</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>ସହସ୍ର ବର୍ଷ ଧରି ମାନବ ବିଭିନ୍ନ ଯନ୍ତ୍ର ଗଣନରେ ସାହାଯ୍ୟ ପାଇଁ ବ୍ୟବହାର କରି ଆସିଛି, ତନ୍ମଧ୍ୟରୁ ଅଧିକାଂଶ ଆଙ୍ଗୁଳି ସହିତ ଏକୈକ ତୁଳନା ଉପରେ ପର୍ଯ୍ୟବସିତ ।ଟ୍ଯାଲି ଷ୍ଟିକ୍ ସର୍ବପୁରାତନ ଗଣନ ଯନ୍ତ୍ର ରୂପେ ବିବେଚିତ ହୁଏ । ଐତିହାସିକ କାଳରୁ ମାନବ ଶସ୍ୟ, ଗୃହପାଳିତ ପଶୁ ଇତ୍ଯଦି ଗଣିବା ପାଇଁ ମାଟିରେ ତିଆରି କୋନ୍, ଗୋଲକ, ଗଣନ ରଡ୍ ଆଦି ବ୍ୟବହାର କରି ଆସିଛି । </p><p>ଆବାକସ୍ ପ୍ରଥମେ ଗାଣିତିକ କାର୍ଯ୍ୟରେ ବ୍ୟବହୃତ ହେଉଥିଲା । ଖ୍ରୀଷ୍ଟପୁର୍ବ ୨୪୦୦ରେ ରୋମାନ୍ ଆବାକସ୍ ବାବିଲୋନିଆରେ ବ୍ୟବହୃତ ହେଉଥିବାର ପ୍ରମାଣ ରହିଛି । ଆବାକସ୍‌ର ଉଦ୍ଭାବନ ପରଠାରୁ ବିଭିନ୍ନ ଗଣନ ବୋର୍ଡ୍ ଏବଂ ଗଣନ ଟେବଲ୍‌ର ଉଦ୍ଭାବନ ହୋଇଛି । ମଧ୍ୟଯୁଗୀୟ ଇଉରୋପରେ ଆର୍ଥିକ ଗଣନା ପାଇଁ ଚେକ୍ ଲୁଗାର ବ୍ୟବହାର ହେଉଥିଲା । </p><p>ନକ୍ଷତ୍ର ବିଜ୍ଞାନ ଏବଂ ଗଣନା କ୍ଷେତ୍ରରେ ଅନେକ ଗଣନା ଯନ୍ତ୍ରର ଉଦ୍ଭାବନା ହୋଇଥିଲା । ପ୍ଲାନିସ୍ପେର ଏକ ନକ୍ଷତ୍ର ସୂଚୀ ଯାହା କି <b>ଅବୁ ରେହାନ୍ ଅଲ ବିରୁନି</b>ଙ୍କଦ୍ୱାରା ଏକାଦଶ ଶତାବ୍ଦୀରେ ତିଆରି ହୋଇଥିଲା । ଆଷ୍ତ୍ରୋଲେବ ନାମକ ଏକ ଗଣନା ଯନ୍ତ୍ର ଖ୍ରୀଷ୍ଟ ପୂର୍ବ ପ୍ରଥମ କିମ୍ବା ଦ୍ୱିତୀୟ ଶତାବ୍ଦୀରେ ତିଆରି ହୋଇଥିବାର ମଧ୍ୟ ସୂଚନା ମିଳିଅଛି । </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="ପ୍ରଥମ_ପୀଢି(୧୯୫୬-୧୯୫୯)"><span id=".E0.AC.AA.E0.AD.8D.E0.AC.B0.E0.AC.A5.E0.AC.AE_.E0.AC.AA.E0.AD.80.E0.AC.A2.E0.AC.BF.28.E0.AD.A7.E0.AD.AF.E0.AD.AB.E0.AD.AC-.E0.AD.A7.E0.AD.AF.E0.AD.AB.E0.AD.AF.29"></span>ପ୍ରଥମ ପୀଢି(୧୯୫୬-୧୯୫୯)</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%AC%95%E0%AC%AE%E0%AD%8D%E0%AC%AA%E0%AD%8D%E0%AD%9F%E0%AD%81%E0%AC%9F%E0%AC%B0&action=edit&section=5" title="ପ୍ରଥମ ପୀଢି(୧୯୫୬-୧୯୫୯) ଭାଗଟିକୁ ବଦଳାଇବେ"><span>ସମ୍ପାଦନା</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>ପ୍ରଥମ ପୀଢିର କମ୍ପ୍ୟୁଟରରେ କମ୍ପ୍ୟୁଟର ସିପିଉ ଓ ମେମୋରି ବଦଳରେ, ଭାକ୍ୟୁମ୍ ଟ୍ୟୁବ୍ର ବ୍ୟବହାର କରାଯାଊଥିଲା । ଇଲେକ୍ଟ୍ରିକ୍ ବଲ୍ବ ପରି ହୋଇଥିବା ଏହି ଭାକ୍ୟୁମ୍ ଟ୍ୟୁବ୍ ଗୁଡିକର ଆକାର ବହୁତ ବଡ଼ ଥିଲା ଏବଂ ସେମାନେ ପ୍ରବଳ ମାତ୍ରାରେ ଉତ୍ତାପ ମଧ୍ୟ ଉତ୍ପନ୍ନ କରୁଥିଲେ । ଏହି କମ୍ପ୍ୟୁଟର ବହୁତ ସ୍ଥାନ ନେ ଉ ଥିଲା ଏବଂ ଏହାର ଓଜନ ମଧ୍ୟ ବହୁତ ଅଧିକ ଥିଲା । ଏଥିରେ ମିଳୁଥିବା ତଥ୍ୟକୁ ସଙ୍ଗୃହିତ କରି ରାଖିବାର କୌଣସି ବ୍ୟବସ୍ଥା ନାଥିଲା । </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="ଦ୍ୱିତୀୟ_ପୀଢି"><span id=".E0.AC.A6.E0.AD.8D.E0.AD.B1.E0.AC.BF.E0.AC.A4.E0.AD.80.E0.AD.9F_.E0.AC.AA.E0.AD.80.E0.AC.A2.E0.AC.BF"></span>ଦ୍ୱିତୀୟ ପୀଢି</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%AC%95%E0%AC%AE%E0%AD%8D%E0%AC%AA%E0%AD%8D%E0%AD%9F%E0%AD%81%E0%AC%9F%E0%AC%B0&action=edit&section=6" title="ଦ୍ୱିତୀୟ ପୀଢି ଭାଗଟିକୁ ବଦଳାଇବେ"><span>ସମ୍ପାଦନା</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>ଦ୍ୱିତୀୟ ପିଢ଼ିର କମ୍ପ୍ୟୁଟରରେ ଭାକ୍ୟୁମ ଟିଉବ ବଦଳରେ ଟ୍ରାଞ୍ଜିଷ୍ଟରର ବ୍ୟବହାର ହୋଇଥିଲା । ଏହି କମ୍ପ୍ୟୁଟରମାନଙ୍କରେ Input Device ଭାବରେ IBM Card ବ୍ୟବହାର କରାଯାଉଥିଲା । </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="ତୃତୀୟ_ପୀଢି"><span id=".E0.AC.A4.E0.AD.83.E0.AC.A4.E0.AD.80.E0.AD.9F_.E0.AC.AA.E0.AD.80.E0.AC.A2.E0.AC.BF"></span>ତୃତୀୟ ପୀଢି</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%AC%95%E0%AC%AE%E0%AD%8D%E0%AC%AA%E0%AD%8D%E0%AD%9F%E0%AD%81%E0%AC%9F%E0%AC%B0&action=edit&section=7" title="ତୃତୀୟ ପୀଢି ଭାଗଟିକୁ ବଦଳାଇବେ"><span>ସମ୍ପାଦନା</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>ପ୍ରଥମ ପିଢ଼ିର କମ୍ପ୍ୟୁଟରର ସିପିଉ ଓ ମେମୋରି ବଦଳରେ ଭ୍ୟାକ୍ୟୁମ୍ ଟ୍ୟିୁବ୍ ବ୍ୟବହାର କରାଯାଇଥିଲା । ଏହି କମ୍ପ୍ୟୁଟରର ବହୁତ ସ୍ଥାନ ନେଉଥିଲା ଏବଂ ଏହାର ଓଜନ ମଧ୍ୟ ବହୁତ ଅଧିକ ଥିଲା । </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="ଚତୁର୍ଥ_ପୀଢି"><span id=".E0.AC.9A.E0.AC.A4.E0.AD.81.E0.AC.B0.E0.AD.8D.E0.AC.A5_.E0.AC.AA.E0.AD.80.E0.AC.A2.E0.AC.BF"></span>ଚତୁର୍ଥ ପୀଢି</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%AC%95%E0%AC%AE%E0%AD%8D%E0%AC%AA%E0%AD%8D%E0%AD%9F%E0%AD%81%E0%AC%9F%E0%AC%B0&action=edit&section=8" title="ଚତୁର୍ଥ ପୀଢି ଭାଗଟିକୁ ବଦଳାଇବେ"><span>ସମ୍ପାଦନା</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="ପଞ୍ଚମ_ପୀଢି"><span id=".E0.AC.AA.E0.AC.9E.E0.AD.8D.E0.AC.9A.E0.AC.AE_.E0.AC.AA.E0.AD.80.E0.AC.A2.E0.AC.BF"></span>ପଞ୍ଚମ ପୀଢି</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%AC%95%E0%AC%AE%E0%AD%8D%E0%AC%AA%E0%AD%8D%E0%AD%9F%E0%AD%81%E0%AC%9F%E0%AC%B0&action=edit&section=9" title="ପଞ୍ଚମ ପୀଢି ଭାଗଟିକୁ ବଦଳାଇବେ"><span>ସମ୍ପାଦନା</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="କମ୍ପ୍ୟୁଟରର_ବୈଶିଷ୍ଟ୍ୟ"><span id=".E0.AC.95.E0.AC.AE.E0.AD.8D.E0.AC.AA.E0.AD.8D.E0.AD.9F.E0.AD.81.E0.AC.9F.E0.AC.B0.E0.AC.B0_.E0.AC.AC.E0.AD.88.E0.AC.B6.E0.AC.BF.E0.AC.B7.E0.AD.8D.E0.AC.9F.E0.AD.8D.E0.AD.9F"></span>କମ୍ପ୍ୟୁଟରର ବୈଶିଷ୍ଟ୍ୟ</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%AC%95%E0%AC%AE%E0%AD%8D%E0%AC%AA%E0%AD%8D%E0%AD%9F%E0%AD%81%E0%AC%9F%E0%AC%B0&action=edit&section=10" title="କମ୍ପ୍ୟୁଟରର ବୈଶିଷ୍ଟ୍ୟ ଭାଗଟିକୁ ବଦଳାଇବେ"><span>ସମ୍ପାଦନା</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>ବର୍ତ୍ତମାନ ମନୁଷ୍ୟର ପ୍ରତିଟି କ୍ଷେତ୍ରରେ କମ୍ପ୍ୟୁଟର ସାଥି ହୋଇ ଛିଡ଼ା ହେଉଥିବାବେଳେ ମନୁଷ୍ୟ ମଧ୍ୟ ତା'ର ପ୍ରତି ମୁହୁର୍ତ୍ତରେ କମ୍ପ୍ୟୁଟରର ସାହାଯ୍ୟ ନେଉଛି। କାରଣ ଏହି ଯନ୍ତ୍ରଟିର ବହୁବିଧ ବିଶେଷତ୍ୱ ମନୁଷ୍ୟକୁ ବହୁମାତ୍ରାରେ ପ୍ରଭାବିତ କରୁଅଛି।ତେବେ ଏହି ଯନ୍ତ୍ରଟିର ବିଶେଷ ଗୁଣଗୁଡ଼ିକ କ'ଣ,ଯାହା ଫଳରେ ମନୁଷ୍ୟ କମ୍ପ୍ୟୁଟର ଉପରେ ଏତେ ନିର୍ଭରଶୀଳ ହୋଇପଡ଼ିଛି।କମ୍ପ୍ୟୁଟରର ଯେଉଁ ସବୁ ବିଶେଷ ଗୁଣ ରହିଛି ସେଗୁଡ଼ିକ ହେଲା:- </p> <ul><li>୧ ତିବ୍ରବେଗ(speed)</li> <li>୨ ସଠିକତା(accuracy)</li> <li>୩ ମନେରଖିବାର କ୍ଷମତା ବା ବୃହତ୍ ସ୍ମୃତିକୋଷ(storage)</li> <li>୪ ବହୁକାର୍ଯ୍ୟ ନିପୁଣତା(versatility)</li> <li>୫ ଅଭିନିବେଶ(diligence)</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="ତୀବ୍ରବେଗ"><span id=".E0.AC.A4.E0.AD.80.E0.AC.AC.E0.AD.8D.E0.AC.B0.E0.AC.AC.E0.AD.87.E0.AC.97"></span>ତୀବ୍ରବେଗ</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%AC%95%E0%AC%AE%E0%AD%8D%E0%AC%AA%E0%AD%8D%E0%AD%9F%E0%AD%81%E0%AC%9F%E0%AC%B0&action=edit&section=11" title="ତୀବ୍ରବେଗ ଭାଗଟିକୁ ବଦଳାଇବେ"><span>ସମ୍ପାଦନା</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>କମ୍ପ୍ୟୁଟରର ପ୍ରଥମ ବିଶେଷତ୍ୱ ହେଉଛି ତାହାର ତୀବ୍ରବେଗ। ଏହି ବିଶେଷ ଗୁଣ ଯୋଗୁଁ କମ୍ପ୍ୟୁଟର ଯେକୌଣସି କାର୍ଯ୍ୟକୁ ବା ହିସାବପତ୍ରକୁ ତୀବ୍ରତାର ସହ ସମ୍ପାଦିତ କରିଥାଏ। କାରଣ କମ୍ପ୍ୟୁଟର ଗୋଟିଏ ଇଲେକ୍ଟ୍ରୋନିକ ଯନ୍ତ୍ର ହୋଇଥିବାରୁ ତଥ୍ୟଗୁଡ଼ିକ ବିଦ୍ୟୁତ୍ ସିଗନାଲ ଜରିଆରେ ପ୍ରବାହିତ ହୋଇଥାଏ। ଆଉ ଏହି ବିଦ୍ୟୁତ୍ ସିଗନାଲର ବେଗ ବହୁତ ଅଧିକ, ଯଦି ସଠିକ୍ ତଥ୍ୟ ଦିଆଯାଇଥାଏ ତେବେ ଗୋଟିଏ ସୁପର କମ୍ପ୍ୟୁଟର ଏକ ସେକେଣ୍ଡରେ ଲକ୍ଷ ଲକ୍ଷ ହିସାବପତ୍ର କରିପାରିବ। ଏହାର ଗତି ପିକୋ ସେକେଣ୍ଡରେ (୧ ସେକେଣ୍ଡ ଲକ୍ଷ କୋଟି) ମପା ହୋଇଥାଏ। ଏହା ଛଡ଼ା କମ୍ପ୍ୟୁଟର ଇଣ୍ଟରନେଟ୍ ସାହାଯ୍ୟରେ ଯେକୌଣସି ତଥ୍ୟକୁ ଅନୁସନ୍ଧାନ କରି ଆମ ଆଖିଆଗରେ ଆଣି ରଖିଦିଏ,ଯେଉଁ ତଥ୍ୟକୁ ଖୋଜିବା ପାଇଁ ଆମକୁ ବହିର ପୃଷ୍ଟା ପରେ ପୃଷ୍ଟା ଓଲଟାଇବାକୁ ପଡ଼ୁଥିଲା। କହିବାକୁ ଗଲେ କମ୍ପ୍ୟୁଟରକୁ ମନୁଷ୍ୟ ତିଆରି କରିଥିଲେ ମଧ୍ୟ ଆଜି କମ୍ପ୍ୟୁଟର ମନୁଷ୍ୟ ତୁଳନାରେ ବହୁତ ଶୀଘ୍ର କାର୍ଯ୍ୟ ସମ୍ପନ୍ନ କରିଥାଏ। </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="ସଠିକତା"><span id=".E0.AC.B8.E0.AC.A0.E0.AC.BF.E0.AC.95.E0.AC.A4.E0.AC.BE"></span>ସଠିକତା</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%AC%95%E0%AC%AE%E0%AD%8D%E0%AC%AA%E0%AD%8D%E0%AD%9F%E0%AD%81%E0%AC%9F%E0%AC%B0&action=edit&section=12" title="ସଠିକତା ଭାଗଟିକୁ ବଦଳାଇବେ"><span>ସମ୍ପାଦନା</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>କମ୍ପ୍ୟୁଟର ବହୁତ ପରିମାଣର କାମ ଖୁବ କମ ସମୟ ମଧ୍ୟରେ ଏବଂ ସଠିକ ଭାବେ କରି ପରେ । ଏହା ଜଟିଳରୁ ଜଟିଳ ଅଙ୍କ ମଧ୍ୟ ଗୋଟେ ସେକେଣ୍ଡ ସମୟ ମଧ୍ୟରେ ସମାଧାନ କରିବାରେ ସମର୍ଥ । ଏବଂ କମ୍ପ୍ୟୁଟରରେ ତ୍ରୁଟିର ପରିମାଣ ବହୁତ କମ । ହେଉଥିବା ତ୍ରୁଟିଗୁଡ଼ିକ ମୁଖ୍ୟତଃ ମଣିଷର ଭୁଲ ଯୋଗୁଁ ହିଁ ଘଟି ଥାଏ । </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="ବୃହତ୍_ସ୍ମୃତିକୋଷ"><span id=".E0.AC.AC.E0.AD.83.E0.AC.B9.E0.AC.A4.E0.AD.8D_.E0.AC.B8.E0.AD.8D.E0.AC.AE.E0.AD.83.E0.AC.A4.E0.AC.BF.E0.AC.95.E0.AD.8B.E0.AC.B7"></span>ବୃହତ୍ ସ୍ମୃତିକୋଷ</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%AC%95%E0%AC%AE%E0%AD%8D%E0%AC%AA%E0%AD%8D%E0%AD%9F%E0%AD%81%E0%AC%9F%E0%AC%B0&action=edit&section=13" title="ବୃହତ୍ ସ୍ମୃତିକୋଷ ଭାଗଟିକୁ ବଦଳାଇବେ"><span>ସମ୍ପାଦନା</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>କମ୍ପ୍ୟୁଟରର ଆଉ ଗୋଟିଏ ମୁଖ୍ୟ ଗୁଣ ହେଲା ଏହାର ମନୁଷ୍ୟମାନଙ୍କ ପରି ସ୍ମୃତିକୋଷ ବା ମେମୋରୀ ସେଲ୍ ରହିଛି,ଯେଉଁ ଥିରେ ଅସଂଖ୍ୟ ତଥ୍ୟ ଓ ନିର୍ଦ୍ଦେଶାବଳୀ ଗଚ୍ଛିତ କରି ରଖିପାରେ। ମନୁଷ୍ୟର ସ୍ମୃତିଶକ୍ତି ସୀମିତ ହୋଇଥିବା ବେଳେ କମ୍ପ୍ୟୁଟରର ସ୍ମୃତିଶକ୍ତି ମନୁଷ୍ୟ ତୁଳନାରେ ଯଥେଷ୍ଟ ଅଧିକ। ଏଥିରେ ବହୁତ ତଥ୍ୟ ଗଚ୍ଛିତ ହୋଇପାରେ ଏବଂ ଆବଶ୍ୟକ ସ୍ଥଳେ ଯେକୌଣସି ତଥ୍ୟକୁ ଖୁବ୍ ଶୀଘ୍ର ମନେପକାଇ ପାରେ। </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="ବହୁକାର୍ଯ୍ୟ_ନିପୁଣତା"><span id=".E0.AC.AC.E0.AC.B9.E0.AD.81.E0.AC.95.E0.AC.BE.E0.AC.B0.E0.AD.8D.E0.AC.AF.E0.AD.8D.E0.AD.9F_.E0.AC.A8.E0.AC.BF.E0.AC.AA.E0.AD.81.E0.AC.A3.E0.AC.A4.E0.AC.BE"></span>ବହୁକାର୍ଯ୍ୟ ନିପୁଣତା</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%AC%95%E0%AC%AE%E0%AD%8D%E0%AC%AA%E0%AD%8D%E0%AD%9F%E0%AD%81%E0%AC%9F%E0%AC%B0&action=edit&section=14" title="ବହୁକାର୍ଯ୍ୟ ନିପୁଣତା ଭାଗଟିକୁ ବଦଳାଇବେ"><span>ସମ୍ପାଦନା</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>କମ୍ପ୍ୟୁଟେ ସାହାଯ୍ୟରେ ଆମେ କେବଳ ହିସାବ କରିପାରୁ ତାହା ନୁହେଁ,ଏଥିରେ ଆମେ ଚିତ୍ର ଆଙ୍କିପାରୁ,ଖେଳିପାରୁ,ଭିଡ଼ିଓ ଦେଖିପାରୁ,ଗୀତ ଶୁଣିପାରୁ,ବିଭିନ୍ନ ବର୍ଗର ଲୋକଙ୍କ ସହିତ ଇଣ୍ଟରନେଟରେ ଭାବର ଆଦାନ ପ୍ରଦାନ କରିପାରୁ। ଆଜିକାଲି ଏହି କମ୍ପ୍ୟୁଟର ସହାୟତାରେ ପାଣିପାଗ,ପ୍ରାକୃତିକ ବିପର୍ଯ୍ୟୟ ବିଷୟରେ ଆମେ ଜାଣିବାକୁ ପାଇଥାଉ।ଘରେ ବସି ଦୂରଦୂରାନ୍ତରୁ ଜିନିଷପତ୍ର କିଣାବିକା କରିପାରୁ। ଏହିପରି ଶିକ୍ଷା,ବିଜ୍ଞାନ,ଅଫିସ୍,ବ୍ୟାଙ୍କ,ବ୍ୟବସାୟ ଇତ୍ୟାଦି କ୍ଷେତ୍ରରେ ଭିନ୍ନ ଭିନ୍ନ କାମ କରିଥାଏ। </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="ଅଭିନିବେଶ"><span id=".E0.AC.85.E0.AC.AD.E0.AC.BF.E0.AC.A8.E0.AC.BF.E0.AC.AC.E0.AD.87.E0.AC.B6"></span>ଅଭିନିବେଶ</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%AC%95%E0%AC%AE%E0%AD%8D%E0%AC%AA%E0%AD%8D%E0%AD%9F%E0%AD%81%E0%AC%9F%E0%AC%B0&action=edit&section=15" title="ଅଭିନିବେଶ ଭାଗଟିକୁ ବଦଳାଇବେ"><span>ସମ୍ପାଦନା</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>କମ୍ପ୍ୟୁଟର ପୂରାପୂରି ସ୍ୱୟଂକ୍ରିୟ ଅଟେ। କମ୍ପ୍ୟୁଟର ଚାଳକ ଇନପୁଟ୍ ଡ଼ିଭାଇସ୍ ସାହାଯ୍ୟରେ ତଥ୍ୟ ଓ ନିର୍ଦ୍ଦେଶବଳୀକୁ ଇନପୁଟ୍ କରିସାରିବା ପରେ କମ୍ପ୍ୟୁଟର ପ୍ରଦତ୍ତ ନିର୍ଦ୍ଦେଶବଳୀ ଅନୁସାରେ ତଥ୍ୟକୁ କାର୍ଯ୍ୟକାରୀ କରି ଉତ୍ତର ପ୍ରଦାନ କରିଥାଏ। ଏହି କାର୍ଯ୍ୟକୁ ଯେତେଥର ବା ଯେତେ ସମୟ ପର୍ଯ୍ୟନ୍ତ କଲେ ମଧ୍ୟ କମ୍ପ୍ୟୁଟର ଥକେ ନାହିଁ। କାରଣ ତାହାର ଧୈର୍ଯ୍ୟ ବା ଅଭିନିବେଶ ମନୁଷ୍ୟଠାରୁ ଅଧିକ। ଯଦି କୌଣସି ଯାନ୍ତ୍ରିକ ତ୍ରୁଟି ଥାଏ ତେବେ ବେଳେ ବେଳେ କମ୍ପ୍ୟୁଟର କାମକରେ ନାହିଁ। </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="କମ୍ପ୍ୟୁଟରର_ବିଭିନ୍ନ_ଅଂଶ"><span id=".E0.AC.95.E0.AC.AE.E0.AD.8D.E0.AC.AA.E0.AD.8D.E0.AD.9F.E0.AD.81.E0.AC.9F.E0.AC.B0.E0.AC.B0_.E0.AC.AC.E0.AC.BF.E0.AC.AD.E0.AC.BF.E0.AC.A8.E0.AD.8D.E0.AC.A8_.E0.AC.85.E0.AC.82.E0.AC.B6"></span>କମ୍ପ୍ୟୁଟରର ବିଭିନ୍ନ ଅଂଶ</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%AC%95%E0%AC%AE%E0%AD%8D%E0%AC%AA%E0%AD%8D%E0%AD%9F%E0%AD%81%E0%AC%9F%E0%AC%B0&action=edit&section=16" title="କମ୍ପ୍ୟୁଟରର ବିଭିନ୍ନ ଅଂଶ ଭାଗଟିକୁ ବଦଳାଇବେ"><span>ସମ୍ପାଦନା</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="ସଫ୍ଟୱେର"><span id=".E0.AC.B8.E0.AC.AB.E0.AD.8D.E0.AC.9F.E0.AD.B1.E0.AD.87.E0.AC.B0"></span>ସଫ୍ଟୱେର</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%AC%95%E0%AC%AE%E0%AD%8D%E0%AC%AA%E0%AD%8D%E0%AD%9F%E0%AD%81%E0%AC%9F%E0%AC%B0&action=edit&section=17" title="ସଫ୍ଟୱେର ଭାଗଟିକୁ ବଦଳାଇବେ"><span>ସମ୍ପାଦନା</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><b>କମ୍ପ୍ୟୁଟର ସଫ୍ଟ‌ୱେର</b> କିମ୍ବା <b>ସଫ୍ଟ‌ୱେର</b>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%AC%95%E0%AC%AE%E0%AD%8D%E0%AC%AA%E0%AD%8D%E0%AD%9F%E0%AD%81%E0%AC%9F%E0%AC%B0_%E0%AC%AA%E0%AD%8D%E0%AC%B0%E0%AD%8B%E0%AC%97%E0%AD%8D%E0%AC%B0%E0%AC%BE%E0%AC%AE&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="କମ୍ପ୍ୟୁଟର ପ୍ରୋଗ୍ରାମ (ପୃଷ୍ଠାଟି ନାହିଁ)">କମ୍ପ୍ୟୁଟର ପ୍ରୋଗ୍ରାମ</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%AC%B2%E0%AC%BE%E0%AC%87%E0%AC%AC%E0%AD%8D%E0%AC%B0%E0%AD%87%E0%AC%B0%E0%AC%BF_(%E0%AC%95%E0%AC%AE%E0%AD%8D%E0%AC%AA%E0%AD%8D%E0%AD%9F%E0%AD%81%E0%AC%9F%E0%AC%BF%E0%AC%99%E0%AD%8D%E0%AC%97)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="ଲାଇବ୍ରେରି (କମ୍ପ୍ୟୁଟିଙ୍ଗ) (ପୃଷ୍ଠାଟି ନାହିଁ)">ଲାଇବ୍ରେରି</a> ଏବଂ ସେମାନଙ୍କ ସମ୍ବନ୍ଧିତ ନଥିକରଣକୁ ନେଇ ଗଠିତ । "ସଫ୍ଟୱେର" ଶବ୍ଦଟି କେବେ କେବେ ସଙ୍କୁଚିତ ଅର୍ଥରେ <a href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%AC%86%E0%AC%AA%E0%AD%8D%E0%AC%B2%E0%AC%BF%E0%AC%95%E0%AD%87%E0%AC%B8%E0%AC%A8_%E0%AC%B8%E0%AC%AB%E0%AD%8D%E0%AC%9F%E0%AD%B1%E0%AD%87%E0%AC%B0&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="ଆପ୍ଲିକେସନ ସଫ୍ଟୱେର (ପୃଷ୍ଠାଟି ନାହିଁ)">ଆପ୍ଲିକେସନ ସଫ୍ଟୱେରକୁ</a> ମଧ୍ୟ ବୁଝାଇଥାଏ । ସଫ୍ଟୱେର <a href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%AC%95%E0%AC%AE%E0%AD%8D%E0%AC%AA%E0%AD%8D%E0%AD%9F%E0%AD%81%E0%AC%9F%E0%AC%B0_%E0%AC%AE%E0%AD%87%E0%AC%AE%E0%AD%8B%E0%AC%B0%E0%AC%BF&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="କମ୍ପ୍ୟୁଟର ମେମୋରି (ପୃଷ୍ଠାଟି ନାହିଁ)">କମ୍ପ୍ୟୁଟର ମେମୋରିରେ</a> ସାଇତା ହୋଇ ରହିଥାଏ ଏବଂ ଏହାକୁ କେହି ଛୁଇଁପାରିବେ ନାହିଁ ।<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>୪<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>ନିମ୍ନତମ ସୋପାନରେ, ଏକ୍ସକ୍ୟୁଟ କରାହୋଇପାରିବା କୋଡ଼ସମୂହ ଏକ ନିର୍ଦ୍ଦିଷ୍ଟ <a href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%AC%AE%E0%AC%BE%E0%AC%87%E0%AC%95%E0%AD%8D%E0%AC%B0%E0%AD%8B%E0%AC%AA%E0%AD%8D%E0%AC%B0%E0%AD%8B%E0%AC%B8%E0%AD%87%E0%AC%B8%E0%AC%B0&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="ମାଇକ୍ରୋପ୍ରୋସେସର (ପୃଷ୍ଠାଟି ନାହିଁ)">ପ୍ରସେସର</a>– ସାଧାରଣତଃ ଏକ <a href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%AC%B8%E0%AD%87%E0%AC%A3%E0%AD%8D%E0%AC%9F%E0%AD%8D%E0%AC%B0%E0%AC%BE%E0%AC%B2_%E0%AC%AA%E0%AD%8D%E0%AC%B0%E0%AD%8B%E0%AC%B8%E0%AD%87%E0%AC%B8%E0%AC%BF%E0%AC%99%E0%AD%8D%E0%AC%97_%E0%AD%9F%E0%AD%81%E0%AC%A8%E0%AC%BF%E0%AC%9F&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="ସେଣ୍ଟ୍ରାଲ ପ୍ରୋସେସିଙ୍ଗ ୟୁନିଟ (ପୃଷ୍ଠାଟି ନାହିଁ)">ସେଣ୍ଟ୍ରାଲ ପ୍ରୋସେସିଙ୍ଗ ୟୁନିଟ</a> (ସିପିୟୁ) ସହ ସମ୍ବନ୍ଧିତ ମେସିନ ଲାଙ୍ଗୁଏଜକୁ ନେଇ ଗଠିତ । ଏକ <a href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%AC%AE%E0%AD%87%E0%AC%B8%E0%AC%BF%E0%AC%A8_%E0%AC%95%E0%AD%8B%E0%AC%A1%E0%AC%BC&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="ମେସିନ କୋଡ଼ (ପୃଷ୍ଠାଟି ନାହିଁ)">ମେସିନ ଲାଙ୍ଗୁଏଜ</a> ପ୍ରୋସେସର ସୂଚନାକୁ ସୂଚାଉଥିବା ବାଇନାରି ମୂଲ୍ୟକୁ ନେଇ ଗଠିତ ଦଳମାନଙ୍କୁ ନେଇ ତିଆରି । ଏହି ମୂଲ୍ୟସବୁ କମ୍ପ୍ୟୁଟରର ପୂର୍ବ ଅବସ୍ଥାକୁ ବଦଳାଇଥାଏ । </p><p>ସଫ୍ଟୱେର ମୁଖ୍ୟାତଃ ୨ ପ୍ରକାରର । ପ୍ରଥମଟି ହେଉଛି ସିଷ୍ଟମ୍ ସଫ୍ଟୱେର ଓ ଅନ୍ୟଟି ହେଉଛି ଆପ୍ପଲିକେସନ୍ ସଫ୍ଟୱେର । କମ୍ପ୍ୟୁଟର ଅରାମ୍ଭ ହେବା ପାଇଁ ପ୍ରଥମେ ଯେଉଁ ସାବୁ ସଫ୍ଟୱେରର ଅବସ୍ୟକତା ରହିଥାଏ ତାହାକୁ ସିଷ୍ଟମ୍ ସଫ୍ଟୱେର କୁହାଯାଏ । <a href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%AC%85%E0%AC%AA%E0%AC%BE%E0%AC%B0%E0%AD%87%E0%AC%9F%E0%AC%BF%E0%AC%99%E0%AD%8D%E0%AC%97%E0%AD%8D_%E0%AC%B8%E0%AC%BF%E0%AC%B7%E0%AD%8D%E0%AC%9F%E0%AC%AE&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="ଅପାରେଟିଙ୍ଗ୍ ସିଷ୍ଟମ (ପୃଷ୍ଠାଟି ନାହିଁ)">ଅପାରେଟିଙ୍ଗ୍ ସିଷ୍ଟମ</a> ଏହାର ଏକ ଉଦାହରଣ । </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="ଅପାରେଟିଙ୍ଗ୍_ସିଷ୍ଟମ"><span id=".E0.AC.85.E0.AC.AA.E0.AC.BE.E0.AC.B0.E0.AD.87.E0.AC.9F.E0.AC.BF.E0.AC.99.E0.AD.8D.E0.AC.97.E0.AD.8D_.E0.AC.B8.E0.AC.BF.E0.AC.B7.E0.AD.8D.E0.AC.9F.E0.AC.AE"></span>ଅପାରେଟିଙ୍ଗ୍ ସିଷ୍ଟମ</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%AC%95%E0%AC%AE%E0%AD%8D%E0%AC%AA%E0%AD%8D%E0%AD%9F%E0%AD%81%E0%AC%9F%E0%AC%B0&action=edit&section=18" title="ଅପାରେଟିଙ୍ଗ୍ ସିଷ୍ଟମ ଭାଗଟିକୁ ବଦଳାଇବେ"><span>ସମ୍ପାଦନା</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>ଅପରେଙ୍ଗ ସିଷ୍ଟମ କମ୍ପ୍ୟୁଟରର ବିଭିନ୍ନ ରିସୋର୍ସ ଯେପରିକି ମେମୋରୀ, ସି.ପି.ଇଉ., ଅନ୍ୟାନ୍ୟ ହାର୍ଡୱେର ଇତ୍ୟାଦିଙ୍କୁ ସଠିକ ଭାବେ ପରିଚାଳନା କରି ଏକ କମ୍ପ୍ୟୁଟରକୁ ସମ୍ପୂର୍ଣଭାବେ କାର୍ଯ୍ୟକାରୀ କରିବାରେ ସାହାଯ୍ୟକରେ । ଏହା ବିଭିନ୍ନ ପ୍ରୋଗ୍ରାମ, ହାର୍ଡୱେର ମଧ୍ୟରେ ତାଳ ମେଳ ରକ୍ଷା କରି ସେମାନଙ୍କୁ ଆବଶ୍ୟକୀୟ ରିସୋର୍ସ ପ୍ରଦାନ କରେ, ଯାହାଦ୍ୱାରା କମ୍ପ୍ୟୁଟରଟି ସୁରୁଖୁରରେ କାର୍ଯ୍ୟ କରିପାରେ । ବିଭିନ୍ନ ଅପରେଟିଂ ସିଷ୍ଟମ ଶ୍ରେଣୀର ଉଦାହରଣ ହେଲେ ୱିନଡୋଜ, ଲିନକ୍ସ, ଇଉନିକ୍ସ ଇତ୍ୟାଦି ଇତ୍ୟାଦି । ଏହି ଶ୍ରେଣୀଗୁଡିକରେ ବିଭିନ୍ନ ଅପରେଟିଂ ସିଷ୍ଟମ ଅଛନ୍ତି । </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="ଆପ୍ଲିକେସନ୍_ସଫ୍ଟୱେର"><span id=".E0.AC.86.E0.AC.AA.E0.AD.8D.E0.AC.B2.E0.AC.BF.E0.AC.95.E0.AD.87.E0.AC.B8.E0.AC.A8.E0.AD.8D_.E0.AC.B8.E0.AC.AB.E0.AD.8D.E0.AC.9F.E0.AD.B1.E0.AD.87.E0.AC.B0"></span>ଆପ୍ଲିକେସନ୍ ସଫ୍ଟୱେର</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%AC%95%E0%AC%AE%E0%AD%8D%E0%AC%AA%E0%AD%8D%E0%AD%9F%E0%AD%81%E0%AC%9F%E0%AC%B0&action=edit&section=19" title="ଆପ୍ଲିକେସନ୍ ସଫ୍ଟୱେର ଭାଗଟିକୁ ବଦଳାଇବେ"><span>ସମ୍ପାଦନା</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>କମ୍ପ୍ୟୁଟରରେ ବିଭିନ୍ନ କାମ କରିବା ପାଇଁ ଯେଉଁ ସବୁ ସଫ୍ଟୱେର ମାନଙ୍କ ବ୍ୟବହାର କରାଯାଏ ସେଗୁଡିକୁ ଆପ୍ଲିକେସନ୍ ସଫ୍ଟୱେର ବୋଲି କୁହାଯାଏ । ଆଜି କାଲି ଲକ୍ଷାଧିକ ଆପ୍ଲିକେସନ୍ ସଫ୍ଟୱେର ବଜାରରେ ଉପଲବ୍ଧ ହେଲାଣି । ମଣିଷ ଜୀବନର ଅଧିକାଂଶ କାମ ସୁରୁଖୁରୁରେ କରିବାରେ ଆପ୍ଲିକେସନ୍ ସଫ୍ଟୱେର ଏକ ପ୍ରମୁଖ ଭୂମିକା ଗ୍ରହଣ କରିଛି । ଏହି ଆପ୍ଲିକେସନ୍ ସଫ୍ଟୱେରକୁ କେତେ ଯାଗାରେ ଆପ୍ଲିକେସନ୍ ପ୍ରୋଗ୍ରାମ ବୋଲି ମଧ୍ୟ କୁହାଯାଏ । ଏହାର କେତେକ ଉଦାହରଣ ହେଉଛି <a href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%AC%95%E0%AC%AE%E0%AD%8D%E0%AC%AA%E0%AD%8D%E0%AD%9F%E0%AD%81%E0%AC%9F%E0%AC%B0_%E0%AC%97%E0%AD%87%E0%AC%AE%E0%AD%8D&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="କମ୍ପ୍ୟୁଟର ଗେମ୍ (ପୃଷ୍ଠାଟି ନାହିଁ)">କମ୍ପ୍ୟୁଟରଗେମ୍</a>, ଏମ୍ ଏସ୍ ୱାର୍ଡ, ପାୱାର୍ ପୋଏନ୍ଟ ଇତ୍ୟାଦି । </p><p>ଆଜିକାଲି ଏହି ଆପ୍ଲିକେସନ ସଫ୍ଟୱେରଗୁଡ଼ିକ କମ୍ପ୍ୟୁଟରସାଙ୍ଗରେ ଆସୁଛି । ଜଣେ ବ୍ୟକ୍ତି ଚାହିଁଲେ ଆବଶ୍ୟକତା ମୁତାବକ ଅନ୍ୟାନ୍ୟ ଆପ୍ଲିକେସନ ସଫ୍ଟୱେର ମଧ୍ୟ କମ୍ପ୍ୟୁଟରରେ ଯୋଡି ପାରିବ । </p><p>କମ୍ପ୍ୟୁଟରରେ ଆପ୍ଲିକେସନ ସଫ୍ଟୱେର ଏକ ନିର୍ଦ୍ଧିଷ୍ଟ କାର୍ଯ୍ୟ ସମ୍ପାଦନା କରିବା ପାଇଁ ତିଆରି ହୋଇଥାଏ । ତେଣୁ ସଂକ୍ଷିପ୍ତରେ ଆପ୍ଲିକେସନ ସଫ୍ଟୱେର ଏକ ପ୍ରୋଗ୍ରାମ ଯାହାକି କମ୍ପ୍ୟୁଟରରେ ଏକ ନିର୍ଦ୍ଧିଷ୍ଟ କାମ କରିଥାଏ । </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="ହାର୍ଡୱେର"><span id=".E0.AC.B9.E0.AC.BE.E0.AC.B0.E0.AD.8D.E0.AC.A1.E0.AD.B1.E0.AD.87.E0.AC.B0"></span>ହାର୍ଡୱେର</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%AC%95%E0%AC%AE%E0%AD%8D%E0%AC%AA%E0%AD%8D%E0%AD%9F%E0%AD%81%E0%AC%9F%E0%AC%B0&action=edit&section=20" title="ହାର୍ଡୱେର ଭାଗଟିକୁ ବଦଳାଇବେ"><span>ସମ୍ପାଦନା</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><b>ହାର୍ଡୱେର</b> ହେଉଛି <a class="mw-selflink selflink">କମ୍ପ୍ୟୁଟର</a> ପ୍ରଣାଳୀର ସେହି ସବୁ ଉପାଦାନ ଯାହା ସ୍ଥାବର, ଅର୍ଥାତ ଯାହାକୁ ସ୍ପର୍ଶ କରିହୁଏ, ଯେମିତିକି କମ୍ପ୍ୟୁଟର ମନିଟର, କି-ବୋର୍ଡ଼, ମାଉସ, ପ୍ରିଣ୍ଟର ଆଦି । ଗୋଟିଏ ସାଧାରଣ କମ୍ପ୍ୟୁଟର ହାର୍ଡ୍ୱେର୍ ସାଧାରଣତଃ ଚାରି ପ୍ରକାର ପଦାର୍ଥରେ ଗଢ଼ା, ଯେମିତିକି : </p> <ol><li>ଅର୍କଗଣିତ ତର୍କ ସଂସ୍ଥା ( <a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arithmetic_logic_unit">Arithimetic Logic Unit</a>)</li> <li>ନିୟନ୍ତ୍ରଣ ସଂସ୍ଥା (<a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Control_unit">Control Unit</a>)</li> <li>ସ୍ମ୍ରୁତି (<a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Computer_memory">Memory</a>)</li> <li>ନିବେଶ ଓ ନିଗମ ଉପକରଣ (Input and Ouput devices)</li></ol> <p>ଏ ସବୁ ଉପର ହାର୍ଡ୍ୱେର୍ "ତାର"(<a href="/w/index.php?title=Busses&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Busses (ପୃଷ୍ଠାଟି ନାହିଁ)">busses</a>)ଦ୍ୱାରା ନିଜ ନିଜ ଭିତରେ ସଂଯୁକ୍ତ ହୋଇଥାନ୍ତି । ଏଇ ସବୁ ଉପକରଣରେ ଲକ୍ଷ ଲକ୍ଷ ଇଲେକ୍ଟ୍ରୋନିକ୍ସ ଟ୍ରାଞ୍ଜିଷ୍ଟର ଅଛି ଯାହାକୁ କି ଅନ ବା ଅଫ ଅବସ୍ଥାରେ ରଖି ହୁଏ । ପ୍ରତ୍ୟେକ ଟ୍ରାଞ୍ଜିଷ୍ଟର ଗୋଟିଏ ଦ୍ୱିଆଧାରି (Binary) ସଂଖ୍ୟାକୁ ଦର୍ଶାଏ ଜେମିତିକି '୧' ବା '୦'। </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="ଅର୍କଗଣିତ_ତର୍କ_ସଂସ୍ଥା"><span id=".E0.AC.85.E0.AC.B0.E0.AD.8D.E0.AC.95.E0.AC.97.E0.AC.A3.E0.AC.BF.E0.AC.A4_.E0.AC.A4.E0.AC.B0.E0.AD.8D.E0.AC.95_.E0.AC.B8.E0.AC.82.E0.AC.B8.E0.AD.8D.E0.AC.A5.E0.AC.BE"></span>ଅର୍କଗଣିତ ତର୍କ ସଂସ୍ଥା</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%AC%95%E0%AC%AE%E0%AD%8D%E0%AC%AA%E0%AD%8D%E0%AD%9F%E0%AD%81%E0%AC%9F%E0%AC%B0&action=edit&section=21" title="ଅର୍କଗଣିତ ତର୍କ ସଂସ୍ଥା ଭାଗଟିକୁ ବଦଳାଇବେ"><span>ସମ୍ପାଦନା</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>କମ୍ପ୍ୟୁଟରର ଏହି ବିଭାଗଟି କମ୍ପ୍ୟୁଟରରେ ହେଉଥିବା ସମସ୍ଥ ଗାଣିତିକ ଏବୋ ତର୍କ ଯୁକ୍ତ ସମସ୍ୟାର ସମାଧାନ କରିଥାଏ । ଏହା ଏକ ଇଲେକ୍ଟ୍ରୋନିକ୍ ସରକିଟ୍ ଯାହାକି <b>୧୍</b> ଏବଂ <b>୦</b>କୁ ବ୍ୟବହାର କରି ସମସ୍ଥ ସମସ୍ୟାର ସମାଧାନ କରିଥାଏ । </p><p><b>୧। ଅର୍କଗଣିତ ସମାଧାନ:</b> </p> <ol><li>ଯୋଗ <ol><li>କ + ଖ = ଗ</li></ol></li> <li>ବିୟୋଗ <ol><li>କ - ଖ = ଗ</li></ol></li> <li>ଇନ୍କ୍ରିମେଣ୍ଟ</li> <li>ଡିକ୍ରିମେଣ୍ଟ</li> <li>ଗୁଣନ <ol><li>କ * ଖ = ଗ</li></ol></li> <li>ହରଣ <ol><li>କ / ଖ = ଗ</li></ol></li> <li>ଭାଗଶେଷ ନିରୁପଣ <ol><li>କ % ଖ = ଗ</li></ol></li></ol> <p><b>୨। ତର୍କ ଯୁକ୍ତ ସମାଧାନ:</b> </p> <ol><li>Logical AND</li> <li>Logical OR</li> <li>Logical Not</li></ol> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="ନିୟନ୍ତ୍ରଣ_ସଂସ୍ଥା"><span id=".E0.AC.A8.E0.AC.BF.E0.AD.9F.E0.AC.A8.E0.AD.8D.E0.AC.A4.E0.AD.8D.E0.AC.B0.E0.AC.A3_.E0.AC.B8.E0.AC.82.E0.AC.B8.E0.AD.8D.E0.AC.A5.E0.AC.BE"></span>ନିୟନ୍ତ୍ରଣ ସଂସ୍ଥା</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%AC%95%E0%AC%AE%E0%AD%8D%E0%AC%AA%E0%AD%8D%E0%AD%9F%E0%AD%81%E0%AC%9F%E0%AC%B0&action=edit&section=22" title="ନିୟନ୍ତ୍ରଣ ସଂସ୍ଥା ଭାଗଟିକୁ ବଦଳାଇବେ"><span>ସମ୍ପାଦନା</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>କାମ୍ପୁଟରରେ ହେଉଥିବା ସମସ୍ତ କାର୍ଯ୍ୟକୁ ନିୟନ୍ତ୍ରଣ ସଂସ୍ଥା ନିୟନ୍ତ୍ରଣ କାରିଥାଏ । ଏହା ସେଣ୍ଟ୍ରାଲ ପ୍ରୋସେସିଙ୍ଗ ସଂସ୍ଥାର ଏକ ଅଂଶ । ଯାହାକି ପ୍ରୋସେସର୍ରେ ହେଉଥିବା ସମସ୍ଥ କାର୍ଯ୍ୟକୁ ନିୟନ୍ତ୍ରଣ କାରିଥାଏ । ଏହା ନିବେଶ ଯନ୍ତ୍ରାଂଶକୁ ନିୟନ୍ତ୍ରଣ କରିବାରେ ମଧ୍ୟ ସାହାଯ୍ୟ କାରିଥାଏ । </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="ସ୍ମ୍ରୁତି_ସଂସ୍ଥା"><span id=".E0.AC.B8.E0.AD.8D.E0.AC.AE.E0.AD.8D.E0.AC.B0.E0.AD.81.E0.AC.A4.E0.AC.BF_.E0.AC.B8.E0.AC.82.E0.AC.B8.E0.AD.8D.E0.AC.A5.E0.AC.BE"></span>ସ୍ମ୍ରୁତି ସଂସ୍ଥା</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%AC%95%E0%AC%AE%E0%AD%8D%E0%AC%AA%E0%AD%8D%E0%AD%9F%E0%AD%81%E0%AC%9F%E0%AC%B0&action=edit&section=23" title="ସ୍ମ୍ରୁତି ସଂସ୍ଥା ଭାଗଟିକୁ ବଦଳାଇବେ"><span>ସମ୍ପାଦନା</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>କମ୍ପ୍ୟୁଟରକେବଳ ଗଣନା କାରେ ଏହା କହିଲେ ଭୁଲ ହୋଇଯିବ । ଅଜିକାଲି କମ୍ପ୍ୟୁଟରନିଜକୁ ଦିଆଯାଇଥିବା ତଥ୍ୟ ଏବଂ ଇନଫୋରମେସନ୍ ଗୁଡିକୁ ନିଜ ମଧ୍ୟରେ ସାଇତିକରି ରଖିପରୁଛି । ଏହି କାର୍ଯ୍ୟଟି ସମ୍ପାଦନା କରିବା ସ୍ମତି ସଂସ୍ଥାର କାମ । ଏଠାରେ ରଖାଯାଇଥିବା ତଥ୍ୟ ଗୁଡିକୁ ବର୍ଷ ବର୍ଷ ପରେ ମଧ୍ୟ ଦେଖି ହୁଏ । ମଣିଷର କର୍ମକୁ ଲାଘବ କରିବାରେ ଏହି ସ୍ମତି ସଂସ୍ଥା ଏକ ପ୍ରମୁଖ ଭୁମିକ ଗ୍ରହଣ କରିଛି । ଏହି ସଂସ୍ଥାଟି ଦୁଇ ଭାଗରେ ବିଭକ୍ତ, </p> <ol><li>ପ୍ରାଥମିକ ସ୍ମ୍ରୁତି:</li></ol> <p>ଏହା ଏକ ଭୁଲା ସ୍ମ୍ରୁତି । କମ୍ପ୍ୟୁଟରରି ନିଜ ଶକ୍ତି ହରାଇବା ପରେ ଏହା ମଧ୍ୟରେ ସ୍ଥାନ ପାଇଥିବା ସମସ୍ଥ ବିସୟ ବସ୍ଠୁକୁ ଏହି ସ୍ମ୍ରୁତି ସମ୍ପୁର୍ଣ ଭାବରେ ଭୁଲିଯାଏ । କମ୍ପ୍ୟୁଟରଚାଲିଥିବା ଅବସ୍ଥାରେ ସମସ୍ଥ ତଥ୍ୟ ଏହି ସ୍ମ୍ରୁତିରେ ହିଁ ରହିଥାଏ । ସାଧାରଣତଃ RAM(Random Access Memory)କୁ ପ୍ରାଥମିକ ସ୍ମ୍ରୁତି ବୋଲି କୁହାଯାଏ । </p> <ol><li>ଦ୍ୱିତୀୟକ ସ୍ମ୍ରୁତି:</li></ol> <p>କମ୍ପ୍ୟୁଟରରେ ସାଇତା ଗଲାପରେ ତଥ୍ୟ ସବୁ ଯେଉଁଠାରେ ଯାଇ ରହିଥାଏ ତାହାକୁ ଦ୍ୱିତୀୟକ ସ୍ମ୍ରୁତି ବୋଲି କୁହାଯାଏ । </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="କମ୍ପ୍ୟୁଟର_କିବୋର୍ଡ଼"><span id=".E0.AC.95.E0.AC.AE.E0.AD.8D.E0.AC.AA.E0.AD.8D.E0.AD.9F.E0.AD.81.E0.AC.9F.E0.AC.B0_.E0.AC.95.E0.AC.BF.E0.AC.AC.E0.AD.8B.E0.AC.B0.E0.AD.8D.E0.AC.A1.E0.AC.BC"></span>କମ୍ପ୍ୟୁଟର କିବୋର୍ଡ଼</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%AC%95%E0%AC%AE%E0%AD%8D%E0%AC%AA%E0%AD%8D%E0%AD%9F%E0%AD%81%E0%AC%9F%E0%AC%B0&action=edit&section=24" title="କମ୍ପ୍ୟୁଟର କିବୋର୍ଡ଼ ଭାଗଟିକୁ ବଦଳାଇବେ"><span>ସମ୍ପାଦନା</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/%E0%AC%AB%E0%AC%BE%E0%AC%87%E0%AC%B2:Alphanumeric_keyboard.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Alphanumeric_keyboard.jpg/220px-Alphanumeric_keyboard.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="276" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Alphanumeric_keyboard.jpg/330px-Alphanumeric_keyboard.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Alphanumeric_keyboard.jpg/440px-Alphanumeric_keyboard.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2663" data-file-height="3338" /></a><figcaption>କି-ବୋର୍ଡ଼ରେ ଏକ "କି"କୁ ଟିପା ଯାଉଛି।</figcaption></figure> <p><a class="mw-selflink selflink">କମ୍ପ୍ୟୁଟରରେ</a> ଯେଉଁ କି-ବୋର୍ଡ଼ ବ୍ୟବହାର ହୁଏ ତାହା ଦେଖିବାକୁ ପୁରା <a href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%AC%9F%E0%AC%BE%E0%AC%87%E0%AC%AA_%E0%AC%B0%E0%AC%BE%E0%AC%87%E0%AC%9F%E0%AC%B0&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="ଟାଇପ ରାଇଟର (ପୃଷ୍ଠାଟି ନାହିଁ)">ଟାଇପ ରାଇଟରର</a> କି-ବୋର୍ଡ଼ ଭଳି । କି-ବୋର୍ଡ଼କୁ <a href="/wiki/%E0%AC%93%E0%AC%A1%E0%AC%BC%E0%AC%BF%E0%AC%86_%E0%AC%AD%E0%AC%BE%E0%AC%B7%E0%AC%BE" title="ଓଡ଼ିଆ ଭାଷା">ଓଡ଼ିଆରେ</a> <i>କୁଞ୍ଚିପଟା</i> କୁହାଯାଇଥାଏ । ଏହାକୁ ସାଧାରଣତଃ "କ୍ୱେରଟି"(QWERTY) କି-ବୋର୍ଡ଼ କୁହାଯାଏ କାରଣ ଏହାର ଅକ୍ଷର କୁଞ୍ଚି ଗୁଡ଼ିକ ଇଂରାଜୀ ଅକ୍ଷର Q,W,E,R,T,Yରୁ ଆରମ୍ଭ ହଉଛି । କି-ବୋର୍ଡ଼ ଅନେକ ଗୁଡ଼ିଏ "କି"(Key) ବା କୁଞ୍ଚିର ସମାହାର । ଏହା କମ୍ପ୍ୟୁଟରକୁ ଯାନ୍ତ୍ରୀକ ଯକୃତ(Mechanical Lever) ଭାବେ ବୈଦ୍ୟୁତିକ ସୁଇଚ (Electronic Switch)ଦ୍ୱାରା ପରିକଳିତ କରେ । ଏହା ମୋଟ ଉପରେ କମ୍ପ୍ୟୁଟର ପାଇଁ ଏକ ନିବେଶକାରୀ (Input) ଉପକରଣ ଅଟେ । </p><p>ଅନେକ ବିକଳ୍ପ ନିବେଶକାରୀ(Input) ଉପକରଣ ଯଥା କମ୍ପ୍ୟୁଟର <a href="/wiki/%E0%AC%AE%E0%AC%BE%E0%AC%89%E0%AC%B8" title="ମାଉସ">ମାଉସ</a>, ଟାବଲେଟ ଉପକରଣ, ଅକ୍ଷର ଚିହ୍ନକ ଯନ୍ତ୍ର , ଶବ୍ଦ ଚିହ୍ନକ ଯନ୍ତ୍ର ଇତ୍ୟାଦି ବାହାରିଥିଲେ ମଧ୍ୟ କି-ବୋର୍ଡ଼ ଆଜି ମଧ୍ୟ ମଣିଷଦ୍ୱାରା ସର୍ବାଧିକ ବ୍ୟବହୃତ ନିବେଶକାରୀ(Input) ଉପକରଣ ଭାବେ ପରିଚିତ । </p><p>ପ୍ରତ୍ୟେକ "କି" ବା "କୁଞ୍ଚି" ଏକ ଏକ ଅକ୍ଷରକୁ ପ୍ରତିଫଳିତ କରେ। "କି"କୁ ଥରେ ଚିପିଲେ ସେହି "କି"ରେ ଥିବା ଅକ୍ଷରକୁ ଥରେ ମାତ୍ର ଦେଖାଏ । କିନ୍ତୁ ଏକାଧିକ ପ୍ରତୀକକୁ ଦେଖେଇବା ପାଇଁ ଆମକୁ ଅନେକ ଗୁଡ଼ିଏ "କି" ଏକା ସଙ୍ଗେ ଅଥବା ଗୋଟେ ପରେ ଗୋଟେ ଏକ କ୍ରମାନୁସାରେ ଟିପିବାକୁ ପଡ଼େ । ଏକ କମ୍ପ୍ୟୁଟର କି-ବୋର୍ଡ଼ ଅକ୍ଷର (a-z),ସଂଖ୍ୟା (0-9), ଚିହ୍ନାକ୍ଷର(!,@,# ,+ ଇତ୍ୟାଦି) ଏବଂ ଅନ୍ୟ "କି"ର ସମାହାର, ଯାହାକୁ ଦବେଇଲେ କମ୍ପ୍ୟୁଟର ମଧ୍ୟକୁ ସୂଚନା (Information) ତଥା ଆଦେଶ (Command) ଯାଇଥାଏ । </p><p>ସାଧାରଣତଃ କି-ବୋର୍ଡ଼କୁ "ଶବ୍ଦ କାର୍ଯ୍ୟବାହକ" (Word Processor) ବା "ଲେଖା ସମ୍ପାଦକ" (Text Editor)ରେ ଲେଖିବା ନିମନ୍ତେ ବ୍ୟବହାର କରାଯାଏ । କିନ୍ତୁ ଆଧୁନିକ କମ୍ପ୍ୟୁଟରରେ "କି"ର ବ୍ୟବହାର <a href="/wiki/%E0%AC%B8%E0%AC%AB%E0%AD%8D%E0%AC%9F%E0%AD%B1%E0%AD%87%E0%AC%B0" title="ସଫ୍ଟୱେର">ସଫ୍ଟୱେର</a> ଉପରେ ନିର୍ଭର କରେ। କମ୍ପ୍ୟୁଟର ନିଜେ "କି"ର ଅଲଗା ଅଲଗା ବ୍ୟବହାରକୁ ଜାଣିରଖେ ଏବଂ ସେହି ବାଟରେରେ ସଫ୍ଟୱେର ପରିଚାଳିତ ହୁଏ । ବର୍ତ୍ତମାନ ଆମେ କି-ବୋର୍ଡ଼ରେ ଟାଇପ କରିବା ଛଡ଼ା କମ୍ପ୍ୟୁଟର ଉପରେ ପର୍ଯ୍ୟବେଷିତ ଖେଳ (Computer Game) ବି ଖେଳିପାରୁଛେ । ଆଜିକାଲି ଖେଳିବା ପାଇଁ ସ୍ୱତନ୍ତ୍ର "କି-ବୋର୍ଡ଼" ମଧ୍ୟ ମିଳୁଛି । କି-ବୋର୍ଡ଼କୁ କମ୍ପ୍ୟୁଟରର ସଂଚାଳକ ପ୍ରଣାଳୀ (Operating System)କୁ ଆଦେଶ ଦେବାପାଇଁ ବ୍ୟବହାର କରାଯାଏ ଯଥା <a href="/wiki/%E0%AC%AE%E0%AC%BE%E0%AC%87%E0%AC%95%E0%AD%8D%E0%AC%B0%E0%AD%8B%E0%AC%B8%E0%AC%AB%E0%AD%8D%E0%AC%9F_%E0%AC%89%E0%AC%87%E0%AC%A3%E0%AD%8D%E0%AC%A1%E0%AD%8B%E0%AC%9C" title="ମାଇକ୍ରୋସଫ୍ଟ ଉଇଣ୍ଡୋଜ">ମାଇକ୍ରୋସଫ୍ଟ ଉଇଣ୍ଡୋଜର</a> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Ctrl-Alt-Delete&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ctrl-Alt-Delete (ପୃଷ୍ଠାଟି ନାହିଁ)">କଣ୍ଟ୍ରୋଲ-ଅଲ୍ଟ-ଡିଲିଟ</a> କି ଗୁଡ଼ିକର ସମଷ୍ଟି ବ୍ୟବହାର କମ୍ପ୍ୟୁଟରରେ ଚାଲିଥିବା କାର୍ଯ୍ୟଗୁଡ଼ିକୁ (Computer Programs) ବନ୍ଦ କରିବାରେ ସାହାଯ୍ୟ କରେ । କି-ବୋର୍ଡ଼ କେବଳ ଗୋଟିଏ ହିଁ ବାଟ ଯାହା <a href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%AC%95%E0%AC%AE%E0%AC%BE%E0%AC%A3%E0%AD%8D%E0%AC%A1-%E0%AC%B2%E0%AC%BE%E0%AC%87%E0%AC%A8-%E0%AC%87%E0%AC%A3%E0%AD%8D%E0%AC%9F%E0%AC%B0%E0%AC%AB%E0%AD%87%E0%AC%B8&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="କମାଣ୍ଡ-ଲାଇନ-ଇଣ୍ଟରଫେସ (ପୃଷ୍ଠାଟି ନାହିଁ)">କମାଣ୍ଡ-ଲାଇନ-ଇଣ୍ଟରଫେସଦ୍ୱାରା</a> ଆଦେଶ(Command) ପଠାଇ ଥାଏ । </p><p>ଅବିକଳ "କି"ର ସଂଖ୍ୟା କିବୋର୍ଡ଼ର ଆକାର ନିରୂପଣ କରିବାର ଏକ ପ୍ରମୁଖ ଭୂମିକା ଯଥା ସଂଖ୍ୟା ଲେଖିବା ପାଇଁ ଅଲଗା କିବୋର୍ଡ଼ । </p><p>କିବୋର୍ଡ଼ର ଆକାର ମଧ୍ୟ ତାହା ଉପରେ ନିର୍ଭର କରେ ଯାହା ଦୁଇ ପ୍ରକାରର ଟାଇପକୁ ପ୍ରଶ୍ରୟ ଦିଏ ଯଥା ବହୁତ ଗୁଡ଼ିଏ "କି"କୁ ଏକାଧାରରେ ଟାଇପ କରିବା ଅଥବା ଗୋଟିଏ "କି"କୁ ଏକାଧିକ ଥର ଟାଇପ କରିବା । କିବୋର୍ଡ ଯାହାର କିଛି "କି" ଥାଏ ତାକୁ ଆମେ "କିପ୍ୟାଡ" ବୋଲି କହିଥାଉ । </p><p>କିବୋର୍ଡ଼ର ଆକାର ଆଉ ଏକ କାରଣ ଉପରେ ମଧ୍ୟ ନିର୍ଭର କରେ ତାହା ହେଉଛି "କି" ଗୁଡ଼ିକ ମଧ୍ୟରେ ଥିବା ଦୂରତା । "କି"ର ଆକାର ସେତିକି ହବା ଦରକାର ଯାହାଫଳରେ ତାହା ଅଙ୍ଗୁଳି ସହ ଖାପ ଖୁଆଇବାରେ ସହଜ ହବ । ଛୋଟ ଛୋଟ "କି " ପାଇଁ ବିକଳ୍ପ ବ୍ୟବସ୍ଥା ଗ୍ରହଣ କରାଯାଇଥାଏ । </p><p>କିବୋର୍ଡ଼ରେ ବ୍ୟବହୃତ ସୁଇଚ୍ ଗୁଡ଼ିକର ବିକାଶ ବିଷୟରେ ମଧ୍ୟ ଏକ ନିଆରା ଇତିହାସ ଅଛି। ୧୯୭୦ମସିହାର ପ୍ରାରମ୍ଭିକ କାଳରେ ଧାତବ ଫ୍ରେମ ଉପରେ ଅଲଗା ଅଲଗା ଛୋଟ ଗାତ କରି ସେଥିରେ କି ସୁଇଚ୍ ଗୁଡ଼ିକୁ ଖଞ୍ଜା ଯାଉଥିଲା। ଏ ଗୁଡ଼ିକର ଦାମ୍ ୮୦ରୁ ୧୨୦ ଆମେରିକୀୟ ଡ଼ଲାର ରହିଥିଲା। ଏ ଗୁଡ଼ିକ କମ୍ପ୍ୟୁଟର ଟର୍ମିନାଲ ବା ଡାଟା ଟର୍ମିନାଲ ଆଦି ଜାଗାରେ ବ୍ୟବହାର କରାଯାଉଥିଲା। ତେବେ ଏହାର ପରବର୍ତ୍ତୀକାଳରେ ବିକଶିତ ରିଡ ସୁଇଚ (ବାୟୁଶୂନ୍ୟ ଏକ ଆବଦ୍ଧ କାଚ କେପସୁଲ ଭିତରେ ଖଞ୍ଜା ଯାଇଥିବା ଚୁମ୍ବକୀୟ କି)ଗୁଡ଼ିକ ଲୋକ ପ୍ରିୟ ହୋଇ ପାରିଥିଲା।<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>୫<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> ଏହି କୌଶଳକୁ ଆଧାର କରି ସି.ପି. କ୍ଲାୟର କମ୍ପାନୀ ସାଧାରଣ ଉପକରଣପାଇଁ ମଧ୍ୟ ରିଡ୍ ସୁଇଚ୍ ବନେଇବା ଆରମ୍ଭ କରିଦେଲା।<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>୬<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> ଇଲିନୋଇସ୍, ସ୍ପୋକାନେ ୱାସିଂଟନର କି-ଟ୍ରୋନିକ କର୍ପୋରେସନ ଏକ ଅର୍ଧପରିବାହୀ ଭିତରେ ଚୁମ୍ବକୀୟ ଶକ୍ତି ପ୍ରବାହିତ କରି ବୈଦ୍ୟୁତିକ ଊର୍ଜ୍ଜା ସୃଷ୍ଟି କରି ପାରିଲେ ଓ ଏଇ କୌଶଳର ଆଧାରରେ ମାଇକ୍ରୋସୁଇଚରୁ ହଲ-ଇଫେକ୍ଟ ସୁଇଚ୍ ତିଆରି କଲେ।<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>୭<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> ଏହଛଡ଼ା ଏକ ଇଣ୍ଡକ୍ଟିଭ କୋର ସୁଇଚର ମଧ୍ୟ ନିର୍ମାଣ ହେଲା।<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>୮<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> ଯାହା ଇଲିନୋଇସ ଟୁଲ ୱାର୍କସ ଅନ୍ତର୍ଗତ ଥିଲା। ୧୦୦ ନିୟୁତ ଥର ଚାପ ସମ୍ଭାଳିବାର କ୍ଷମତା ଏଇ ସୁଇଚ ଗୁଡ଼ିକର ଅଛି ବୋଲି ନିର୍ଦ୍ଧାରଣ କରାଯାଇଥିଲା। ଏହି କି ଗୁଡ଼ିକର ଗତି ୦.୧୮୭ ଇଞ୍ଚ(୪.୭୫ ମି.ମି.) ଗଭୀରତା ଯାଏଁ ଥିଲା। ଏହା ସହିତ ତୁଳନା କଲେ ଜଣାପଡ଼େ ଆଜିର କିବୋର୍ଡ଼ରେ ବ୍ୟବହୃତ କିର ଗତି ୦.୧୧୦ ଇଞ୍ଚ(୨.୭୯ ମି.ମି.) ଗଭୀରତା ପର୍ଯ୍ୟନ୍ତ ହୋଇଥାଏ। </p><p>୧୯୭୦ର ମଧ୍ୟବର୍ତ୍ତୀ କାଳରେ କମ୍ ଦାମର ସିଧା-ସମ୍ପର୍କିତ କି ସୁଇଚ୍ ନିର୍ମାଣ କରାଗଲା। ତେବେ ଏହାର ଆୟୁ ତୁଳନାତ୍ମକ ଭାବେ କମ୍ ଥିଲା(ପାଖାପାଖି ୧୦ ନିୟୁତ ଥର)। ତଥାପି ବି ଏହା ଲୋକପ୍ରିୟ ହୋଇ ପାରିଥିଲା। </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/%E0%AC%AB%E0%AC%BE%E0%AC%87%E0%AC%B2:Qwerty.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3a/Qwerty.svg/220px-Qwerty.svg.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="106" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3a/Qwerty.svg/330px-Qwerty.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3a/Qwerty.svg/440px-Qwerty.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="799" data-file-height="385" /></a><figcaption>The 104-key PC <a href="/wiki/United_States" class="mw-redirect" title="United States">US</a> <a href="/wiki/English_language" class="mw-redirect" title="English language">English</a> <a href="/w/index.php?title=QWERTY&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="QWERTY (ପୃଷ୍ଠାଟି ନାହିଁ)">QWERTY</a> keyboard layout evolved from the standard <a href="/wiki/Typewriter" class="mw-redirect" title="Typewriter">typewriter</a> keyboard, with extra keys for computing.</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/%E0%AC%AB%E0%AC%BE%E0%AC%87%E0%AC%B2:KB_United_States_Dvorak.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/25/KB_United_States_Dvorak.svg/220px-KB_United_States_Dvorak.svg.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="73" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/25/KB_United_States_Dvorak.svg/330px-KB_United_States_Dvorak.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/25/KB_United_States_Dvorak.svg/440px-KB_United_States_Dvorak.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="300" /></a><figcaption>The <a href="/w/index.php?title=Dvorak_Simplified_Keyboard&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Dvorak Simplified Keyboard (ପୃଷ୍ଠାଟି ନାହିଁ)">Dvorak Simplified Keyboard</a> layout arranges keys so that frequently used keys are easiest to press, which reduces muscle fatigue when typing common English.</figcaption></figure> <p>୧୯୭୮ରେ କି-ଟ୍ରୋନିକ କର୍ପୋରେସନ ପ୍ରତିଟି କି ପାଇଁ ଅଲଗା ଅଲଗା ସୁଇଚ ବଦଳରେ କ୍ୟାପାସିଟାନ୍ସ ଭିତ୍ତିରେ ଏକ ଅଭିନବ କି-ବୋର୍ଡ଼ ନିର୍ମାଣ କଲେ, ଯେଉଁଥିରେ ସବୁଯାକ କି ଏକ ସ୍ପଞ୍ଜପ୍ୟାଡ ଉପରେ ରଖାଯାଉଥିଲା । ଏହି ସ୍ପଞ୍ଜ ପ୍ୟାଡର ଗୋଟିଏ ପାଖରେ ବିଦ୍ୟୁତ ସୁପରିବାହି ଧାତୁ ଝଳା ହୋଇଥିବା ପ୍ଲାଷ୍ଟିକ ଲଗାଯାଇଥିଲା। ଏହା ତଳେ, ପ୍ରତିଟି ‘କି’ର ଠିକ୍ ସାମନାରେ ଅର୍ଦ୍ଧଚନ୍ଦ୍ରାକାର ଆକୃତି ମୁଦ୍ରିତ ସର୍କିଟ ବୋର୍ଡ଼ ରହିଥିଲା । କୌଣସି ବି କି ବା କୁଞ୍ଚିକୁ ଦବାଇଲେ ତାହାର ପ୍ରଭାବ ତଳେ ରହିଥିବା ସର୍କିଟ୍ ବୋର୍ଡ଼ ଉପରେ ନିର୍ଦ୍ଦିଷ୍ଟ ଜାଗାରେ ପଡୁଥିଲା ଓ କ୍ୟାପାସିଟାନ୍ସ ସେଇ ଅନୁସାରେ ବଦଳୁଥିଲା, ଯାହାକୁ ଆଇ. ସି. (integrated circuits – IC) ମାଧ୍ୟମରେ ଚିହ୍ନିତ କରା ଯାଇ ପାରୁଥିଲା। ଏଇ କିବୋର୍ଡ଼ ଗୁଡ଼ିକର ମୂଲ୍ୟ ୬୦ ଡଲାର ରହିଥିଲା ଓ କାଳକ୍ରମେ କି-ଟ୍ରୋନିକ ସର୍ବାଧିକ କିବୋର୍ଡ଼ ନିର୍ମାତା ରୂପେ ଖ୍ୟାତି ଲାଭ କଲା। </p><p>ଇତି ମଧ୍ୟରେ ଆଇ.ବି.ଏମ୍.(IBM)ନିଜର ପ୍ୟାଟେଣ୍ଟ କୌଶଳ ଭିତ୍ତିରେ ନିଜସ୍ୱ କି-ବୋର୍ଡ଼ ନିର୍ମାଣ ଆରମ୍ଭ କରିଦେଲା। ପୁରୁଣା ଆଇ.ବି.ଏମ୍. କି-ବୋର୍ଡ଼ର ସୁଇଚ ଗୁଡ଼ିକ ସ୍ପ୍ରିଂ ସାହାଯ୍ୟରେ ନିର୍ମାଣ କରାଯାଇଥିଲା । ବ୍ୟବହାରକାରୀର ଆଙ୍ଗୁଠି ଚାପରେ ସ୍ପ୍ରିଂ ଉପରେଥିବା କୁଞ୍ଚିଟି ଦବିଗଲେ କୁଞ୍ଚିତଳେ ଓ ମୂଖ୍ୟ ବୋର୍ଡ଼ ଉପରେ ଥିବା ସୁପରିବାହୀ ପରଦାଦୁଇଟି ମିଳିତ ହେଉଥିଲେ ଓ ବୈଦ୍ୟୁତିକ ସର୍କିଟ ପରିପୂର୍ଣ୍ଣ ହେଉଥିଲା। ଏହା ଏକ ପ୍ରକାର କ୍ଲିକ୍ ଶବ୍ଦ ସୃଷ୍ଟି କରୁଥିଲା, ଯାହାକୁ ଶୁଣି କୁଞ୍ଚିଟି ଠିକ୍ ଭାବରେ ଚାପି ହୋଇଛି କି ନା, ଟାଇପିଷ୍ଟ ସହଜରେ ଜାଣି ପାରୁଥିଲା।<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>୯<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>୧୦<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>ପ୍ରଥମ ଇଲେକ୍ଟ୍ରୋନିକ କି-ବୋର୍ଡ଼ର କୁଞ୍ଚିର ଚାପ ୦.୧୮୭ ଇଞ୍ଚ(୪.୭୫ ମି.ମି.) ଗଭୀରତା ପର୍ଯ୍ୟନ୍ତ ଥିଲା। କୁଞ୍ଚିର ଉଚ୍ଚତା ୧୨.୭ ମି.ମି. ଥିଲା ଓ କି-ବୋର୍ଡ଼ଟି ୫ ସେ.ମି. ମୋଟାଥିଲା। ସମୟକ୍ରମେ କୁଞ୍ଚିଚାପର ଗଭୀରତା ଆହୁରି କମ୍ ହେଲା (୦.୧୧୦ ଇଞ୍ଚ(୨.୭୯ ମି.ମି.) ଓ ବଜାରରେ ଏହାର ଚାହିଦା ବଢିଲା। ଯୋଗକୁ କି-ଟ୍ରୋନିକ୍ ଏମିତି ଏକ କି-ବୋର୍ଡ଼ ତିଆରି କରିଥିଲା ଯାହା କେବଳ ଏକ ଇଞ୍ଚ ମୋଟା ଥିଲା। ଆଜିକାଲିତ ଅଧଇଞ୍ଚ ମୋଟାର କି-ବୋର୍ଡ଼ ମାର୍କେଟରେ ମିଳୁଛି । </p><p>କି-ବୋର୍ଡ଼ର ଉପଯୋଗୀତାକୁ ଲକ୍ଷ୍ୟକଲେ କୁଞ୍ଚିର ଅଗ୍ରଭାଗର ଭୂମିକା ଗୁରୁତ୍ୱପୂର୍ଣ୍ଣ। ପ୍ରଥମେ କୁଞ୍ଚିଗୁଡ଼ିକର ଉପରିଭାଗ ସେ କାଳର ଟାଇପରାଇଟରର କି ପରି, ଥାଳିଭଳି ଚେପଟା ଥିଲା। ଆଉ ଏହି କୁଞ୍ଚି ଉପରେ ଲେଖାଯାଇଥିବା ଅକ୍ଷରଟିର ଆୟୁ ମଧ୍ୟ ସେହି ଅନୁପାତରେ ଅଧିକ ହେବା (ପାଖାପାଖି ଦଶ ନିୟୁତ ଥର)ର ଆବଶ୍ୟକତା ରହିଥିଲା। କାରଣ ଏହା ଉପରେ ହାତ ଆଙ୍ଗୁଳି, ନଖ, ତେଲ, କ୍ରିମ୍ ଲାଗି ଏହାର ସ୍ପଷ୍ଟତାକୁ କ୍ରମେ କ୍ରମେ ଅସ୍ପଷ୍ଟ କରିଦିଏ। ତେଣୁ କୁଞ୍ଚିର ଉପରିଭାଗକୁ ଖୋଦେଇକରି ସେଥିଲେ ରଙ୍ଗ ଭରି ପ୍ରଥମେ ଯେଉଁ କୁଞ୍ଚି ଗୁଡ଼ିକ ତିଆରି ହେଉଥିଲା, ତାକୁ ଲୋକେ ପସନ୍ଦ କଲେ ନାହିଁ, ଫଳରେ ମୋଲ୍ଡେଡ କି ସବୁ ତିଆରି ହେଲା। ଇଞ୍ଜେକ୍ସନ ମୋଲ୍ଂ ନାମକ ପ୍ରଣାଳୀରେ କୁଞ୍ଚି ଓ ସେଥିଲେ ଲେଖାଥିବା ସଙ୍କେତ ବା ଅକ୍ଷରକୁ କ୍ରମାନ୍ୱୟରେ ମୋଲ୍ଡ କରାଯାଉଥିଲା। ଏହା ବ୍ୟୟବହୁଳ ହୋଇଥିବାରୁ ରଙ୍ଗ-ସବ୍ଲିମେସନ ପ୍ରିଣ୍ଟିଂ, ଲେଜର ଖୋଦେଇ ପରି ପ୍ରଣାଳୀ ବିକଶିତ ହେଲା। ଏହାଦ୍ୱାରା ପୁରା କି-ବୋର୍ଡ଼କୁ ଏକା ସାଙ୍ଗରେ ମୁଦ୍ରିତ କରିବା ସମ୍ଭବପର ହୋଇ ପାରିଲା। ପ୍ରଥମେ ପ୍ରଥମେ ସବ୍ଲିମେସନ ପ୍ରିଣ୍ଟିଂ ପାଇଁ ଏକ ସ୍ୱତନ୍ତ୍ର ପ୍ରକାରର କାଳିକୁ କୁଞ୍ଚିର ଉପରିଭାଗରେ ଉତ୍ତାପଦେଇ ଏମିତି ଭାବେ ମୁଦ୍ରିତ କରା ଯାଉଥିଲା ଯେ କାଳିର ଅଣୁ କୁଞ୍ଚିର ଅଣୁକୁ ଭେଦ କରି ଅଙ୍କିତ ହୋଇ ଯାଉଥିଲା। କିନ୍ତୁ ଏହା ଏତେଟା ଲୋକପ୍ରିୟ ହୋଇ ପାରିଲା ନାହିଁ କାରଣ ତେଲ ଲାଗିବାଦ୍ୱାରା ଏହି କାଳି ଚରି ଯାଉଥିଲା। ସେଥିପାଇଁ ପରବର୍ତ୍ତୀ କାଳରେ ଏହାକୁ ରୋକିବାପାଇଁ ମୁଦ୍ରଣ କରିସାରିଲା ପରେ କୁଞ୍ଚିର ଉପରିଭାଗରେ ଏକ ପ୍ରକାର ଆସ୍ତରଣ (କୋଟିଂ) ଦିଆଯାଉଥିଲା। ଏହି କୌଶଳ ଆଧାରରେ ଆଇ.ବି.ଏମ୍. ନିଜର କି-ବୋର୍ଡ଼ ନିର୍ମାଣ ଆରମ୍ଭ କରିଦେଲା ଓ କୁଞ୍ଚିର ଅଗ୍ରଭାଗକୁ ଚେପଟା ନ କରି ସାମାନ୍ୟ ବକ୍ରାକାର (ଗହୀରିଆ) କରିଦେଲା। ଏହି ମୁଦ୍ରଣ ପ୍ରଣାଳୀର ସବୁଠାରୁ ବଡ଼ ଦୁର୍ଗୁଣ ଥିଲା ଯେ ଏହା କେବଳ ଗାଢ଼ରଙ୍ଗର କାଳିକୁ ହାଲକା ରଙ୍ଗର କି-ବୋର୍ଡ଼ ଉପରେ ମୁଦ୍ରଣ କରି ପାରୁଥିଲା ଓ ଏଥିପାଇଁ ବହୁତ ସମୟ ଲାଗୁଥିଲା। ଏହାପରେ ଆଇ.ବି.ଏମ୍. ପ୍ରତ୍ୟେକ କୁଞ୍ଚିର ଅଗ୍ରଭାଗପାଇଁ ସ୍ୱତନ୍ତ୍ର କୁଞ୍ଚି-ଟୋପି (keycap) ତିଆରି କଲା। ଏଥିପାଇଁ ବ୍ୟବହୃତ ପ୍ଲାଷ୍ଟିକ ସାଧାରଣ ଏ.ବି.ଏସ. କି-ବୋର୍ଡ଼ଠାରୁ ଭିନ୍ନ ଥିଲା। </p><p>ଅନ୍ତତଃ ଅଳ୍ପ ଦାମର (୧୦ ଡଲାରରୁ କମ୍) ଆଧୁନିକ କି-ବୋର୍ଡ଼ ନିର୍ମାଣ ହେଲା। ଏହା ପଛରେ ତିନୋଟି ଯାନ୍ତ୍ରୀକ କୌଶଳର ପ୍ରମୁଖ ଅବଦାନ ରହିଛି: </p> <ol><li>"ଏକକ ଢାଞ୍ଚା - ମୋନୋବ୍ଲକ" କି-ବୋର୍ଡ଼ର ପ୍ରାରୂପ, ଯେଉଁଠି ପ୍ରତିଟି କୁଞ୍ଚିପାଇଁ ଅଲଗା ଅଲଗା ଢାଞ୍ଚା ବଦଳରେ ଗୋଟିଏ "ମୋନୋବ୍ଲକ" ଢାଞ୍ଚାର ବ୍ୟବହାର କରାଗଲା । ମୋଲ୍ଡ଼ିଂ କୌଶଳଦ୍ୱାରା ଏହା ସମ୍ଭବ ହୋଇ ପାରିଲା।</li> <li>ମୋନୋବ୍ଲକ ତଳେ ସମ୍ପର୍କ ସୁଇଚ୍ ପରଦା (contact-switch membrane)ର ପ୍ରଚଳନ। ସୁଇଚର ତଳେ ଓ ମୋନୋବ୍ଲକର ଉପରେ ଥିବା ପରିବାହୀ ପରଦା ଭିତରେ ଏକ ଖାଲି ସ୍ଥାନ ରହିଲା, ଯେପରିକି କୁଞ୍ଚିଟିକୁ ଚାପିଲେ ହିଁ ଏକ ପ୍ରକାର ବୈଦ୍ୟୁତିକ ସମ୍ପର୍କ ସୃଷ୍ଟି ହେବ। ଏଇ ପରଦା ଗୁଡ଼ିକ ବହୁ ପରିମାଣରେ ‘ରିଲ୍ରୁ ରିଲ୍’ ମୁଦ୍ରଣ କଳଦ୍ୱାରା ମୁଦ୍ରିତ କରାଗଲା ଓ ପରବର୍ତ୍ତୀ ପର୍ଯ୍ୟାୟରେ ପ୍ରତିଟି କି-ବୋର୍ଡ଼ରେ ଖଣ୍ଡ ଖଣ୍ଡ କରି କାଟି ଲଗାଇ ଦିଆଗଲା।</li> <li>କୁଞ୍ଚିର ଅଗ୍ରଭାଗର ପ୍ୟାଡ ପ୍ରିଣ୍ଟିଂ ଯାହାକୁ ଟେମ୍ପୋ <sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>୧୧<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> ବୋଲି କୁହାଯାଏ, ତାହା ସବୁଠାରୁ ଲୋକପ୍ରିୟ ଉପକରଣ ତିଆରି ସଂସ୍ଥାଥିଲା। ପ୍ରଥମେ ସବ୍ଲିମେସନ କାଳି ବ୍ୟବହାର କରାଯାଉଥିଲା (ଉପରେ ଦେଖନ୍ତୁ) କିନ୍ତୁ ଏହାକୁ ସୁରକ୍ଷା ଦେବାପାଇଁ ଅଧିକ ଦିନ ସ୍ଥାୟୀ ସ୍ୱଚ୍ଛ ଆବରଣ ଏବେ ଏହା ଉପରେ ମୁଦ୍ରିତ କରାଯାଉଛି। ଏହି ଆବରଣର ଆଉ ଏକ କାମ ହେଲା ଏହା ଉଜ୍ଜ୍ୱଳତାକୁ କମ କରିଦିଏ ଓ ଅନେକ ସ୍ଥାନରେ ଏହା ଏକ ଜୀବାଣୁ ନାଶକ ତତ୍ତ୍ୱଯୁକ୍ତ ହୋଇଥାଏ ଯାହା ବ୍ୟବହାରକାରୀପାଇଁ ସ୍ୱାସ୍ଥ୍ୟଗତ ଦୃଷ୍ଟିରୁ ଉପଯୋଗୀ।<sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>୧୨<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ol> <p>ଇଲେକ୍ଟ୍ରୋନିକ କି-ବୋର୍ଡ଼ ନିର୍ମାଣରେ ପ୍ଲାଷ୍ଟିକ ଜିନିଷର ଉପଯୋଗୀତା ବହୁତ ବେଶୀ । ମୋନୋବ୍ଲକ ଆସିବା ଆଗରୁ ଡର୍ଲିନ ନାମକ ବସ୍ତୁ (Polyoxymethylene plastic) କିବୋର୍ଡ଼ ତିଆରି ପାଇଁ ବ୍ୟବହୃତ ହେଉଥିଲା, ଯାହା ଏହା ଉପରେ ବାରମ୍ବାର ପଡୁଥିବା ଚାପକୁ ସହ୍ୟ କରିବାକୁ ସକ୍ଷମ ଥିଲା। କି ସୁଇଚରେ ସ୍ପ୍ରିଂ ପ୍ରଭାବ ଉତ୍ପନ୍ନ କରିବାପାଇଁ ଗ୍ରୀଜ ପରି କୌଣସି ଜିନିଷ ବ୍ୟବହାର କରିବା ଉପଯୁକ୍ତ ନୁହେଁ । କାରଣ ଏହାଦ୍ୱାରା କିବୋର୍ଡ଼ ସହଜରେ ମଇଳା ହୋଇଯାଏ ଓ ଉପରର ଲେଖା ଦିଶେନାହିଁ । ତେବେ ଏହି ସ୍ପ୍ରିଂ ପ୍ରଭାବକୁ ସୁଚାରୁରୂପେ ଚଲାଇବାପାଇଁ ଉପଲବ୍ଧ ଏକମାତ୍ର ଜିନିଷ ଥିଲା ଡର୍ଲିନ । କିନ୍ତୁ ଏହା ଏତେ ନରମ ଯେ ଏହା କୁଞ୍ଚିର ଅଗ୍ରଭାଗରେ ବ୍ୟବହାର କରାଯାଇ ନ ପାରେ। ତେଣୁ ଅଗ୍ରଭାଗପାଇଁ ଏ.ବି.ଏସ୍. (Acrylonitrile butadiene styrene-ABS) ପ୍ଲାଷ୍ଟିକ ବ୍ୟବହାର କରା ଯାଉଥିଲା । କାଳକ୍ରମେ ପ୍ଲାଷ୍ଟିକ ମୋଲ୍ଂ ବିକଶିତ ହେଲା ପରେ କୁଞ୍ଚି ଚାପର ଗଭୀରତା ୦.୧୮୭ ଇଞ୍ଚରୁ ୦.୧୧୦ ଇଞ୍ଚ କମ କରି ବି ସ୍ପ୍ରିଂ ପ୍ରଭାବକୁ ଆଗଭଳି ରଖିହେଲା ଓ ମୋନୋବ୍ଲକ କିବୋର୍ଡ଼ ତଥା ଭିନ୍ନ ଭିନ୍ନ ଏକକ-କୁଞ୍ଚ୍ୟାଗ୍ର ( single-part keytop/plungers)ର ପ୍ରଚଳନ ଏ.ବି.ଏସ୍. ପ୍ଲାଷ୍ଟିକଦ୍ୱାରା ସମ୍ଭବ ହୋଇ ପାରିଲା। </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="ମାଉସ୍"><span id=".E0.AC.AE.E0.AC.BE.E0.AC.89.E0.AC.B8.E0.AD.8D"></span>ମାଉସ୍</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%AC%95%E0%AC%AE%E0%AD%8D%E0%AC%AA%E0%AD%8D%E0%AD%9F%E0%AD%81%E0%AC%9F%E0%AC%B0&action=edit&section=25" title="ମାଉସ୍ ଭାଗଟିକୁ ବଦଳାଇବେ"><span>ସମ୍ପାଦନା</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/%E0%AC%AB%E0%AC%BE%E0%AC%87%E0%AC%B2:3-Tasten-Maus_Microsoft.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/22/3-Tasten-Maus_Microsoft.jpg/220px-3-Tasten-Maus_Microsoft.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="193" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/22/3-Tasten-Maus_Microsoft.jpg/330px-3-Tasten-Maus_Microsoft.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/22/3-Tasten-Maus_Microsoft.jpg/440px-3-Tasten-Maus_Microsoft.jpg 2x" data-file-width="800" data-file-height="701" /></a><figcaption>A computer mouse with the most common standard features: two buttons and a scroll wheel, which can also act as a third button.</figcaption></figure> <p><a href="/wiki/%E0%AC%AE%E0%AC%BE%E0%AC%89%E0%AC%B8%E0%AD%8D" class="mw-redirect" title="ମାଉସ୍">ମାଉସ୍</a> ଏକ ଲକ୍ଷ୍ୟ କରି ଦେଖାଉଥିବା ଯନ୍ତ୍ର ଯାହା ଏକ ସମତଳରେ ଦୁଇ ଦିଗରେ ଗତିକରି କାମ କରିଥାଏ । ମାଉସ ଏକ ବସ୍ତୁ ଯାହାକୁ ହାତରେ ଧରାଯାଏ ଯେଉଁଥିରେ ଏକାଧିକ ବଟନ ଅଛି । ବେଳେ ବେଳେ ଏଥିରେ ଚକ ଭଳିଆ କିଛି ଜିନିଷ ଥାଏ ଯାହା ବ୍ୟବହାରକାରୀକୁ ଯନ୍ତ୍ର କରାଉଥିବା କାମଗୁଡ଼ିକ କରେଇଥାଏ, ଆଉ କିଛି ଅତିରିକ୍ତ ବଟନ ମଧ୍ୟ ଥାଏ ଯାହା ମାଉସକୁ କିଛି ଅଧିକ କ୍ଷମତା ପ୍ରଦାନ କରିଥାଏ । ମାଉସର ଗତି ସାଧାରତଃ ଏକ ତୀର ଚିହ୍ନଦ୍ୱାରା କମ୍ପ୍ୟୁଟରପରଦାରେ ଦେଖାଇ ଥାଏ ଯାହା ଆରେଖୀୟ ପ୍ରୟୋଗୀ ଅନ୍ତରପୃଷ୍ଠ(Graphical User Interface)ର ଉତ୍ତମ ବ୍ୟବହାର ଦର୍ଶାଇଥାଏ । </p><p>ମାଉସକୁ ଏକ ପୋଏନ୍ଟିଙ୍ଗ ଡିଭାଇସ ଭାବେ ବିଲ ଇଙ୍ଗ୍ଲିସର ୧୯୬୫ତମ ସଂସ୍କରଣରେ "କମ୍ପ୍ୟୁଟର-ଏଡେଡ ଡିସ୍ପ୍ଲେ କଣ୍ଟ୍ରୋଲ "ରେ ବାହାରିଥିଲା।<sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>୧୩<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <pre>ଅନଲାଇନ ଅକ୍ସଫର୍ଡ ଅଭିଧାନରେ ମାଉସର ବହୁବଚନ ଭାବେ ମାଇସ ଲେଖା ଯାଇଛି କିନ୍ତୁ ଏଠାରେ ମାଉସମାନେ ଚୁଟିଆ ମୂଷାକୁ ବୁଝାଏ କିନ୍ତୁ କମ୍ପ୍ୟୁଟରର ମାଉସର ବହୁବଚନରେ ଇଂରାଜୀରେ ମାଉସେସ ଲେଖାଯାଏ। </pre> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/%E0%AC%AB%E0%AC%BE%E0%AC%87%E0%AC%B2:WirelessMouse.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/WirelessMouse.JPG/220px-WirelessMouse.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/WirelessMouse.JPG/330px-WirelessMouse.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/WirelessMouse.JPG/440px-WirelessMouse.JPG 2x" data-file-width="1600" data-file-height="1200" /></a><figcaption>A wireless optical mouse</figcaption></figure> <p>୧୯୬୮ରେ ଜେ.ସି.ଆର ଲିକଲିଡର "ଦି କମ୍ପ୍ୟୁଟରଏଜ ଏ କମ୍ୟୁନିକେଶନ ଡିଭାଇସ"ରେ ମାଇସ ବୋଲି ଲେଖାଯାଇଛି। ଦି ଆମେରିକାନ ହେରିଟେଜ ଅଭିଧାନର ଚତୁର୍ଥ ସଂସ୍କରଣରେ କମ୍ପ୍ୟୁଟରମାଉସର ବହୁବଚନ ଭାବେ ଉଭୟ ମାଉସେସ ଓ ମାଇସକୁ ଠିକ ବୋଲି କୁହାଯାଇଛି।କେତେକ ଲେଖକ ବୈଷୟିକ ଲେଖାରେ ବୈଷୟିକ ଶବ୍ଦ ଭାବେ ମାଉସ ଡିଭାଇସେସ କିମ୍ବା ପୋଏଣ୍ଟିଙ୍ଗ ଡିଭାଇସେସ ଭାବରେ ବ୍ୟବହାର କରନ୍ତି।ଇଂରାଜୀରେ ମାଉସେସ କମ୍ପ୍ୟୁଟରମାଉସକୁ "ହେଡଲେସ ନାଉନ" ଭାବେ । </p><p>ଟ୍ରାକବଲ ଏକ ପଏଣ୍ଟିଙ୍ଗ ଡିଭାଇସ ଯାହା ୧୯୫୨ରେ ଟମ କ୍ରାନ୍ସଟନ,ଫ୍ରେଡ ଲଙ୍ଗଷ୍ଟାଫ ଓ କେନୟୋନ ଟେଲରଙ୍କଦ୍ୱାରା ରୟାଲ କାନାଡିୟ ନୌ ବାହିନୀର ଡ଼ି.ଏ.ଟି.ଏ.ଆର ପ୍ରକଳ୍ପରେ ଉଦ୍ଭାବିତ ହେଇଥିଲା ।ଏହା କାନାଡିୟ ମାନକ ୫ ପିନ ବିଶିଷ୍ଟ ବୋଲିଂ ବଲ ବ୍ୟବହାର କରୁଥିଲା।ଏହାକୁ ବଜାରକୁ ଛଡ଼ାଯାଇନଥିଲା କାରଣ ଏହା ଏକ ଗୁପ୍ତ ସାମରିକ ପ୍ରକଳ୍ପ ଥିଲା। </p><p>ଅପଟିକାଲ ମାଉସଗୁଡ଼ିକ ଏଲ.ଇ.ଡି ବା ଲାଇଟ ଏମିଟିଂ ଡାଇଓଡ ଓ ଏକ ଫଟୋ ଡାଇଓଡର ଇମେଜିଙ୍ଗ ଆରେ ବ୍ୟବହାର କରେ ,ତଳେ ଥିବା ସମତଳର ଅବସ୍ଥା ଜାଣିବା ପାଇଁ।ମେକନିକାଲ ମାଉସ ଏକ ଗତିଶୀଳ ଅଂଶ ବ୍ୟବହାର କରିଲା ବେଳେ ଲେଜର ମାଉସ ଜଉଟା ମଧ୍ୟ ଅପଟିକାଲ ମାଉସ ଲେଜର ଆଲୋକକୁ ବ୍ୟବହାର କରେ। ୨୦୦୦ରେ ଲଗିଟେକ "ଟାକଟାଇଲ ମାଉସ" ବାହାର କରିଥିଲା, ଯେଉଁଥିରେ ଏକ ଛୋଟ ଆକଟୁଏଟୋର ଲାଗିଥିଲା ଯାହା ମାଉସକୁ ଥରାଉଥିଲା।ଏହା ବାରମ୍ବାର ଇଉଜରକୁ ଜଣାଉଥିଲେ ଯତେବେଳେ ମାଉସ ପରଦାର ସୀମାରେଖାକୁ ଛୁଇଁ ଯାଉଥିଲା। ମାଉସକୁ ଛୁଇଁ କରି ବ୍ୟବହାର କରିବା ପାଇଁ ଏକ ଇଲେକଟ୍ରହିଓଲଜିକାଲ ଟାକଟାଇଲ ମାଉସ ବାହାରିଥିଲା କିନ୍ତୁ ଏକ ବଜାରକୁ ଆସିପାରିନଥିଲା। ମାନକ ପି.ସି ମାଉସଗୁଡ଼ିକ ଆର.ଏସ-୨୩୨ସି ସିରିଏଲ ପୋର୍ଟ , ଡି-ସବମିନୀଏଚର କାନେକ୍ଟର ଭୟାରେ ବ୍ୟବହୃତ ହଉଥିଲେ ,ଯାହା ମାଉସର ସର୍କିଟକୁ ଚାଲୁ ରଖିବାରେ ଓ ମାଉସକୁ ଗତି କରେଇବାଦ୍ୱାରା ତଥ୍ୟ ବଦଳରେ ସାହାଯ୍ୟ କରୁଥିଲା। ମାଉସ ଶିଷ୍ଟମ୍ସ କର୍ପୋରେସନ ଭର୍ଶନ ଏକ ୫ ବାଇଟ ନିୟମ ଓ ୩ ଟା ବଟନକୁ ସାହା ଦେଉଥିଲା ବେଳେ ମାଇକ୍ରୋସଫ୍ଟ ଭର୍ଶନ ୩ ବାଇଟ ନିୟମ ଓ ୨ ଟା ବଟନ ବ୍ୟବହାର କରୁଥିଲା।ଏହି ଦୁଇଟି ନିୟମ ମଧ୍ୟରେ ଅମେଳ ଯୋଗୁଁ ମାଉସ ତିଆରି କରୁଥିବା କମ୍ପାନୀ ୨ ପ୍ରକାର ସୁଇଚ ମାଉସ ବିକିଲେ: "ପି.ସି" ଏମ.ଏସ.ସି ପାଇଁ ଓ "ଏମ.ଏସ" ମାଇକ୍ରୋସଫ୍ଟ ପାଇଁ। </p> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r488502"><table class="infobox"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image" style="text-align: left"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/%E0%AC%AB%E0%AC%BE%E0%AC%87%E0%AC%B2:Mouse_mechanism_diagram.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/13/Mouse_mechanism_diagram.svg/220px-Mouse_mechanism_diagram.svg.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="167" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/13/Mouse_mechanism_diagram.svg/330px-Mouse_mechanism_diagram.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/13/Mouse_mechanism_diagram.svg/440px-Mouse_mechanism_diagram.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1924" data-file-height="1457" /></a></span><div class="infobox-caption">Operating an opto-mechanical mouse. <ol><li>moving the mouse turns the ball.</li> <li>X and Y rollers grip the ball and transfer movement</li> <li>Optical <a href="/w/index.php?title=Incremental_encoder&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Incremental encoder (ପୃଷ୍ଠାଟି ନାହିଁ)">encoding</a> disks include light holes.</li> <li>Infrared <a href="/w/index.php?title=Light-emitting_diode&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Light-emitting diode (ପୃଷ୍ଠାଟି ନାହିଁ)">LEDs</a> shine through the disks.</li> <li>Sensors gather light pulses to convert to X and Y vectors.</li></ol></div> </td></tr></tbody></table> <p>୧୯୮୬ରେ ଆପଲ କମ୍ପାନୀ ୧୬ଟି ଯନ୍ତ୍ରକୁ ଡେଜି ଚେନିଙ୍ଗରେ ଲଗେଇ ପ୍ରଥମେ ଆପଲ ଡେସ୍କଟପ ବସକୁ କାମରେ ଲଗେଇଥିଲା।ସେହି ଗୋଟିଏ ବସରେ ଅନେକ ଗୁଡିଏ ମାଉସକୁ ଲଗାଯାଇଥିଲା ଯାହାର କୌଣସି କାରିଗରୀ ନଥିଲା।ଏକ ମାତ୍ର ଡେଟା ପିନକୁ ବ୍ୟବହାର କରି ଏଥିରେ ଅନେକ ମାଉସ ବ୍ୟବହାର କରିହଉଥିଲା ଯାହା କି ମାଉସର ମଡେଲମାନଙ୍କ ମୁଖ୍ୟସ୍ରୋତରେ ନିଜକୁ ମିଶେଇବାରେ ସାହାଯ୍ୟ କଲା, ଏପରିକି ଏହା ଅଣ-ଆପଲ କମ୍ପାନୀରେ ମଧ୍ୟ ବ୍ୟବହୃତ ହେଲା ଏହା ୧୯୯୮ ଯାଏଁ ଚାଲୁ ରହିଲା।ଯେତେବେଳେ ଆଇ-ମାକ ଶିଳ୍ପର ଆରମ୍ଭ ହେଲା ୟୁ.ଏସ.ବିର ସମୟ ଆରମ୍ଭ ହେଲା।୧୯୯୯ ମେରେ "କାଂସ୍ୟ କିବୋର୍ଡ"ର ଆରମ୍ଭରୁ ପାୱାର ବୁକ ଜି୩ ଯାହା ଆପଲର ଏକ ସୃଷ୍ଟି ଡେସ୍କଟପ ବସର ବ୍ୟବହାରକୁ ପ୍ରତ୍ୟାହାର କଲା ୟୁ.ଏସ.ବିର ପ୍ରଚାଳନ ପାଇଁ।କିନ୍ତୁ ଏହାର ସ୍ଥାନ୨୦୦୫ରେ ପାୱାରବୁକ ଜି୪ ଯାଏଁ ରହିଲା ।ଶିଳ୍ପ-ମାନକ ୟୁ.ଏସ.ବି (ୟୁନିଭର୍ସାଲ ସିରିଆଲ ବସ ) ନିୟମ ଓ ଏହାର ସଂଯୋଗ ଏବେ ବହୁଳ ଭାବରେ ମାଉସ ପାଇଁ ବ୍ୟବହାର ହଉଛି।ଏହା ଏବେ ବିଖ୍ୟାତ ମାଉସମାନଙ୍କ ମଧ୍ୟରେ ଅନ୍ୟତମ।ନୋଟବୁକ୍ କମ୍ପ୍ୟୁଟରପାଇଁ ବେତାର ମାଉସର ବହୁଳ ବ୍ୟବହାର ହେଉଛି । ବେତାର ମାଉସଗୁଡ଼ିକ ଲୋହିତ ରଶ୍ମୀ ବା ରେଡିଓ ରଶ୍ମୀଦ୍ୱାରା ସଂଯୁକ୍ତ ହୁଅନ୍ତି।ଏହାର ଏକ ରିସିଭର ଥାଏ ଯାହା କମ୍ପ୍ୟୁଟରରେ ସିରିଏଲ ବା ୟୁ.ଏସ.ବି ପୋର୍ଟରେ ଲାଗିଥାଏ ଯାହା ରଶ୍ମୀକୁ ଗ୍ରହଣ କରିଥାଏ।ଏବେ ନୂଆ ନୂଆ ଅତି ଛୋଟ ନାନୋ ରିସିଭର ବାହାରିଛି ଯାହା ଲାପଟପ ନୋଟବୁକରେ ବ୍ୟବହାର କରିବା ପାଇଁ ସହଜସାଧ୍ୟ। </p><p>ଏମିଗା ଓ ଅଟାରି , ଅଟାରି ଏସ.ଟି ମାନକ ଡି.ଇ ସଂଯୋଗ ମାଉସଗୁଡ଼ିକ ପାଇଁ ବ୍ୟବହାର କରନ୍ତି । ସେହି ସଂଯୋଗ ସମାନ କମ୍ପ୍ୟୁଟରଓ ହାତ ଗଣତି ୮ ବିଟ ସିଷ୍ଟମରେ ଯଏଷ୍ଟିକରେ ସଂଯୋଗ ହେଇଥାଏ ଯଥା କମୋଡୋର ୬୪ ଓ ଅଟାରି ୨୬୦୦।ମାଉସ ପାଇଁ ଯାଉ ସଂକେତ ବ୍ୟବହାର କରାଯାଏ ଯଏଷ୍ଟିକ ପାଇଁ ଅଲଗା ସଂକେତ ବ୍ୟବହାର କରାଯାଏ । ତେଣୁ ଯଏଷ୍ଟିକର ସଂଯୋଗ କରିବା ଜାଗାରେ ଯଦି ମାଉସ ଲଗା ଯାଏ ତାହା କରସର ଗତିକୁ ଗୋଟିଏ ଦିଗକୁ ବଢ଼ାଇ ଥାଏ ,ଯଦିଓ ମାଉସ ସ୍ଥିର ଥାଏ।କିନ୍ତୁ ଯଏଷ୍ଟିକକୁ ମାଉସ ଜାଗାରେ ଲଗେଇଲେ ଏହା କରସରକୁ କିଛି ବାଟ ଗତି କରାଇଥାଏ । </p><p>୧୯୮୮ରେ ଭି.ଟେକ ସକ୍ରେଟିସ ,ଏକ ଶିକ୍ଷଣୀୟ ଭିଡିଓ ଗେମ ବ୍ୟବସ୍ଥା ଯାହା ବେତର ମାଉସକୁ ପ୍ରଥମେ ବଜାରକୁ ଆଣିଥିଲା ଓ ତା ସହିତ ଏକ ମାଉସପ୍ୟାଡ ମଧ୍ୟ ଆସିଥିଲା ,ଏହି ମାଉସ ଗେମ ଗୁଡିକର ଅତିରିକ୍ତ ପରିଚାଳକ ଥିଲା।୧୯୯୦ର ପ୍ରାରମ୍ଭରେ ସୁପର ନିଣ୍ଟେଣ୍ଡୋ ଏଣ୍ଟରଟେନମେଣ୍ଟ ସିଷ୍ଟମ ,ଏକ ଭିଡିଓ ଗେମ କମ୍ପାନୀ ମାଉସକୁ ଗେମର ଅନ୍ୟତମ ମୁଖ୍ୟ ପରିଚାଳକ ଭାବେ ଆଣିଲା।ନିଣ୍ଟେଣ୍ଡୋ ୬୪ ପରେ ମାରିଓ ପେଣ୍ଟ ଗେମ ମାଉସର କ୍ଷମତାକୁ ଭଲଭାବେ ବ୍ୟବହାର କରିଥିଲା।ସେଗା କମ୍ପାନୀ ତାର ନିଜର ମାଉସ ବଜାରକୁ ଛାଡିଥିଲା ଜେନେସିସ/ମେଗା ଡ୍ରାଇଭ ,ସାଟର୍ଣ୍ଣ ଓ ଡ୍ରିମକଷ୍ଟ କନସୋଲ ପାଇଁ।ଏନ.ଇ.ସି ତାର ନିଜର ପି.ସି ଇଞ୍ଜିନ ଓ ପି.ସି - ଏଫ.ଏକ୍ସ କନସୋଲ ପାଇଁ ସ୍ୱତନ୍ତ୍ର ମାଉସ ଛାଡିଥିଲା।ପ୍ଲେ-ଷ୍ଟେସନ ପାଇଁ ସୋନି କମ୍ପ୍ୟୁଟରଏଣ୍ଟରଟେନମେଣ୍ଟ ଏକ ମାଉସ ବାହାର କରିଥିଲା ଏବଂ ସେଥିରେ ଲିନକ୍ସ ଓ ପ୍ଲେ-ଷ୍ଟେସନ ୨ର ସରଞ୍ଜାମ ରହିଥିଲା।ବ୍ୟବହାରକାରୀ ଯେକୌଣସି ଭାବେ ୟୁ.ଏସ.ବି ମାଉସକୁ ପ୍ଲେ-ଷ୍ଟେସନ ୨ରେ ସଂଯୋଗ କରିପାରୁଥିଲେ।ପ୍ଲେ -ଷ୍ଟେସନ ୩ ସଂପୂର୍ଣ୍ଣ ଭାବେ ୟୁ.ଏସ.ବି ମାଉସର ଅଧିନକୁ ଆସିଗଲା । </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="ମନିଟର"><span id=".E0.AC.AE.E0.AC.A8.E0.AC.BF.E0.AC.9F.E0.AC.B0"></span>ମନିଟର</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%AC%95%E0%AC%AE%E0%AD%8D%E0%AC%AA%E0%AD%8D%E0%AD%9F%E0%AD%81%E0%AC%9F%E0%AC%B0&action=edit&section=26" title="ମନିଟର ଭାଗଟିକୁ ବଦଳାଇବେ"><span>ସମ୍ପାଦନା</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>ଟେଲିଭିଜନ ଭଳି ଦେଖାଯାଉଥିବା ବସ୍ତୁଟିକୁ କମ୍ପ୍ୟୁଟରର ମନିଟର କୁହାଯାଏ । କମ୍ପ୍ୟୁଟରରେ କରାଯାଉଥିବା କାମର ଫଳାଫଳ ବା ଆଉଟପୁଟ୍ ଏହି ମନିଟରରେ ଦେଖାଯାଇଥାଏ ଏବଂ କମ୍ପ୍ୟୁଟରକୁ ଦିଆଯାଉଥିବା ନିର୍ଦ୍ଦେଶର ଫଳାଫଳ ମଧ୍ୟ ଏଥିରେ ଦେଖାଯାଇଥାଏ । ଟେଲିଭିଜନ ଭଳି କମ୍ପ୍ୟୁଟରର ମନିଟର ବି କଳା-ଧଳା ଏବଂ ରଙ୍ଗିନ ହୁଏ ଏବଂ ବିଭିନ୍ନ ସାଇଜର ବି ହୁଏ। </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="ଆଧାର"><span id=".E0.AC.86.E0.AC.A7.E0.AC.BE.E0.AC.B0"></span>ଆଧାର</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%AC%95%E0%AC%AE%E0%AD%8D%E0%AC%AA%E0%AD%8D%E0%AD%9F%E0%AD%81%E0%AC%9F%E0%AC%B0&action=edit&section=27" title="ଆଧାର ଭାଗଟିକୁ ବଦଳାଇବେ"><span>ସମ୍ପାଦନା</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="reflist" style="list-style-type: decimal;"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-1">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Early computers such as <a href="/w/index.php?title=Colossus_computer&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Colossus computer (ପୃଷ୍ଠାଟି ନାହିଁ)">Colossus</a> and <a href="/w/index.php?title=ENIAC&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="ENIAC (ପୃଷ୍ଠାଟି ନାହିଁ)">ENIAC</a> were able to process between 5 and 100 operations per second. A modern “<a href="/w/index.php?title=Commodity&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Commodity (ପୃଷ୍ଠାଟି ନାହିଁ)">commodity</a>” <a href="/w/index.php?title=Microprocessor&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Microprocessor (ପୃଷ୍ଠାଟି ନାହିଁ)">microprocessor</a> (as of 2007) can process billions of operations per second, and many of these operations are more complicated and useful than early computer operations.<style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r485312">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:#d33}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:#d33}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#3a3;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}</style><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.intel.com/cd/channel/reseller/asmo-na/eng/products/mobile/processors/core2duo_m/feature/index.htm">"Intel Core2 Duo Mobile Processor: Features"</a>. Intel Corporation<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">20 June</span> 2009</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Intel+Core2+Duo+Mobile+Processor%3A+Features&rft.pub=Intel+Corporation&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.intel.com%2Fcd%2Fchannel%2Freseller%2Fasmo-na%2Feng%2Fproducts%2Fmobile%2Fprocessors%2Fcore2duo_m%2Ffeature%2Findex.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2For.wikipedia.org%3A%E0%AC%95%E0%AC%AE%E0%AD%8D%E0%AC%AA%E0%AD%8D%E0%AD%9F%E0%AD%81%E0%AC%9F%E0%AC%B0" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-2">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">In 1946, <a href="/w/index.php?title=ENIAC&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="ENIAC (ପୃଷ୍ଠାଟି ନାହିଁ)">ENIAC</a> required an estimated 174 kW. By comparison, a modern laptop computer may use around 30 W; nearly six thousand times less. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r485312"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.upenn.edu/computing/provider/docs/hardware/powerusage.html">"Approximate Desktop & Notebook Power Usage"</a>. University of Pennsylvania<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">20 June</span> 2009</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Approximate+Desktop+%26+Notebook+Power+Usage&rft.pub=University+of+Pennsylvania&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.upenn.edu%2Fcomputing%2Fprovider%2Fdocs%2Fhardware%2Fpowerusage.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2For.wikipedia.org%3A%E0%AC%95%E0%AC%AE%E0%AD%8D%E0%AC%AA%E0%AD%8D%E0%AD%9F%E0%AD%81%E0%AC%9F%E0%AC%B0" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-OEDComputer-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-OEDComputer_3-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r485312"><cite class="citation journal cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20060625103623/http://dictionary.oed.com/">"computer, <i>n.</i>"</a>. Oxford English Dictionary (2 ed.). Oxford University Press. 1989. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://dictionary.oed.com/">the original</a> on 25 June 2006<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">10 April</span> 2009</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=computer%2C+n.&rft.date=1989&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fdictionary.oed.com%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2For.wikipedia.org%3A%E0%AC%95%E0%AC%AE%E0%AD%8D%E0%AC%AA%E0%AD%8D%E0%AD%9F%E0%AD%81%E0%AC%9F%E0%AC%B0" class="Z3988"></span> <span class="cs1-visible-error citation-comment"><code class="cs1-code">{{<a href="/wiki/%E0%AC%9B%E0%AC%BE%E0%AC%9E%E0%AD%8D%E0%AC%9A:Cite_journal" title="ଛାଞ୍ଚ:Cite journal">cite journal</a>}}</code>: </span><span class="cs1-visible-error citation-comment">Cite journal requires <code class="cs1-code">|journal=</code> (<a href="/wiki/%E0%AC%B8%E0%AC%B9%E0%AC%AF%E0%AD%8B%E0%AC%97:CS1_errors#missing_periodical" title="ସହଯୋଗ:CS1 errors">help</a>)</span>; <span class="cs1-visible-error citation-comment">Invalid <code class="cs1-code">|ref=harv</code> (<a href="/wiki/%E0%AC%B8%E0%AC%B9%E0%AC%AF%E0%AD%8B%E0%AC%97:CS1_errors#invalid_param_val" title="ସହଯୋଗ:CS1 errors">help</a>)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-4">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r485312"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.wordreference.com/definition/software">"<span class="cs1-kern-left"></span>'Software' from Collins Concise English Dictionary"</a>. <i>Wordreference.com</i>. <a href="/w/index.php?title=Princeton,_NJ&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Princeton, NJ (ପୃଷ୍ଠାଟି ନାହିଁ)">Princeton, NJ</a>: Princeton University<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2007-08-19</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Wordreference.com&rft.atitle=%27Software%27+from+Collins+Concise+English+Dictionary&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.wordreference.com%2Fdefinition%2Fsoftware&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2For.wikipedia.org%3A%E0%AC%95%E0%AC%AE%E0%AD%8D%E0%AC%AA%E0%AD%8D%E0%AD%9F%E0%AD%81%E0%AC%9F%E0%AC%B0" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-5">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r485312"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.visualux.com/visualux2/clarependar.htm">"Clare Pendar switches from"</a>. Visualux<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2012-03-28</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Clare+Pendar+switches+from&rft.pub=Visualux&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.visualux.com%2Fvisualux2%2Fclarependar.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2For.wikipedia.org%3A%E0%AC%95%E0%AC%AE%E0%AD%8D%E0%AC%AA%E0%AD%8D%E0%AD%9F%E0%AD%81%E0%AC%9F%E0%AC%B0" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-6">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r485312"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.clare.com/">"Clare Home"</a>. Clare.com<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2012-03-28</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Clare+Home&rft.pub=Clare.com&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.clare.com%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2For.wikipedia.org%3A%E0%AC%95%E0%AC%AE%E0%AD%8D%E0%AC%AA%E0%AD%8D%E0%AD%9F%E0%AD%81%E0%AC%9F%E0%AC%B0" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-7">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r485312"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110712215805/http://content.honeywell.com/sensing/about/history.stm">"Content.honeywell.com"</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://content.honeywell.com/sensing/about/history.stm">the original</a> on 2011-07-12<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2016-01-02</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Content.honeywell.com&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fcontent.honeywell.com%2Fsensing%2Fabout%2Fhistory.stm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2For.wikipedia.org%3A%E0%AC%95%E0%AC%AE%E0%AD%8D%E0%AC%AA%E0%AD%8D%E0%AD%9F%E0%AD%81%E0%AC%9F%E0%AC%B0" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-8">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r485312"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.cortroninc.com/">"Rugged Keyboards for military, industrial and extreme applications"</a>. Cortroninc.com<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2012-03-28</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Rugged+Keyboards+for+military%2C+industrial+and+extreme+applications&rft.pub=Cortroninc.com&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.cortroninc.com%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2For.wikipedia.org%3A%E0%AC%95%E0%AC%AE%E0%AD%8D%E0%AC%AA%E0%AD%8D%E0%AD%9F%E0%AD%81%E0%AC%9F%E0%AC%B0" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-9">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://online.wsj.com/article/SB119578337324301744.html?mod=moj_columnists">A Passion for the Keys: Particular About What You Type On? Relax – You're Not Alone.</a> LOOSE WIRE, By JEREMY WAGSTAFF, Wall Street Journal, November 23, 2007</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-10">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.dansdata.com/ibmkeyboard.htm">Dan's Data</a> Review: IBM 42H1292 and 1391401 keyboards, Review date: 15 August 1999, updated 13-Nov-2007</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-11">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r485312"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.tampo.co.uk/">"Pad printing, Green Pad printing & screen printing"</a>. Tampo<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2012-03-28</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Pad+printing%2C+Green+Pad+printing+%26+screen+printing&rft.pub=Tampo&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.tampo.co.uk%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2For.wikipedia.org%3A%E0%AC%95%E0%AC%AE%E0%AD%8D%E0%AC%AA%E0%AD%8D%E0%AD%9F%E0%AD%81%E0%AC%9F%E0%AC%B0" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-12">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r485312"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110715060116/http://www.pcoatingsintl.com/article/2007/0503/article_202.html">"UV-cured keyboard coating"</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.pcoatingsintl.com/article/2007/0503/article_202.html">the original</a> on 2011-07-15<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2016-01-02</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=UV-cured+keyboard+coating&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.pcoatingsintl.com%2Farticle%2F2007%2F0503%2Farticle_202.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2For.wikipedia.org%3A%E0%AC%95%E0%AC%AE%E0%AD%8D%E0%AC%AA%E0%AD%8D%E0%AD%9F%E0%AD%81%E0%AC%9F%E0%AC%B0" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-13">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Oxford English Dictionary, "mouse", sense 13</span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="ବାହାର_ଲିଙ୍କ"><span id=".E0.AC.AC.E0.AC.BE.E0.AC.B9.E0.AC.BE.E0.AC.B0_.E0.AC.B2.E0.AC.BF.E0.AC.99.E0.AD.8D.E0.AC.95"></span>ବାହାର ଲିଙ୍କ</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%AC%95%E0%AC%AE%E0%AD%8D%E0%AC%AA%E0%AD%8D%E0%AD%9F%E0%AD%81%E0%AC%9F%E0%AC%B0&action=edit&section=28" title="ବାହାର ଲିଙ୍କ ଭାଗଟିକୁ ବଦଳାଇବେ"><span>ସମ୍ପାଦନା</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <table class="metadata plainlinks mbox-small" style="border:1px solid #aaa; background-color:#f9f9f9;"> <tbody><tr> <td colspan="2" style="margin: auto; text-align: center"><b>କମ୍ପ୍ୟୁଟର</b> ବାବଦରେ ଉଇକିମିଡ଼ିଆର <a href="/wiki/%E0%AC%89%E0%AC%87%E0%AC%95%E0%AC%BF%E0%AC%AA%E0%AC%BF%E0%AC%A1%E0%AC%BC%E0%AC%BF%E0%AC%86:Wikimedia_sister_projects" title="ଉଇକିପିଡ଼ିଆ:Wikimedia sister projects">ସହଯୋଗୀ ପ୍ରକଳ୍ପଗୁଡ଼ିକରୁ</a> ଅଧିକ ଜାଣନ୍ତୁ: </td></tr> <tr> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="http://or.wiktionary.org/wiki/Special:Search/computer" title="ଉଇକିଅଭିଧାନରେ ଖୋଜନ୍ତୁ"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/14/Wiktionary-logo-or.svg/23px-Wiktionary-logo-or.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="25" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/14/Wiktionary-logo-or.svg/35px-Wiktionary-logo-or.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/14/Wiktionary-logo-or.svg/46px-Wiktionary-logo-or.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="1089" /></a></span></td> <td>ଉଇକିଅଭିଧାନରେ <a href="https://or.wiktionary.org/wiki/Special:Search/computer" class="extiw" title="wikt:Special:Search/computer">ଶବ୍ଦାର୍ଥମାନ</a> ଖୋଜନ୍ତୁ<br /> </td></tr> <tr> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:Search/Category:Computers" title="କମନ୍ସରେ ଖୋଜନ୍ତୁ"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/18px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="18" height="25" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/28px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/37px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></a></span></td> <td>କମନ୍ସରେ <a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:Search/Category:Computers" class="extiw" title="commons:Special:Search/Category:Computers">ଛବି ଓ ମିଡ଼ିଆସବୁ</a> ଖୋଜନ୍ତୁ<br /> </td></tr> <tr> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="http://or.wikiversity.org/wiki/Special:Search/Introduction_to_Computers" title="ଉଇକିମହାବିହାରରେ ଖୋଜନ୍ତୁ"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/Wikiversity-logo-en.svg/25px-Wikiversity-logo-en.svg.png" decoding="async" width="25" height="23" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/Wikiversity-logo-en.svg/38px-Wikiversity-logo-en.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/Wikiversity-logo-en.svg/50px-Wikiversity-logo-en.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="900" /></a></span></td> <td>ଉଇକିମହାବିହାରରେ <a href="https://or.wikiversity.org/wiki/Special:Search/Introduction_to_Computers" class="extiw" title="v:Special:Search/Introduction to Computers">ଶିକ୍ଷଣ ଆଧାରମାନ</a> ଖୋଜନ୍ତୁ<br /> </td></tr> <tr> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="http://or.wikinews.org/wiki/Special:Search/%E0%AC%95%E0%AC%AE%E0%AD%8D%E0%AC%AA%E0%AD%8D%E0%AD%9F%E0%AD%81%E0%AC%9F%E0%AC%B0" title="Search Wikinews"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/24/Wikinews-logo.svg/25px-Wikinews-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="25" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/24/Wikinews-logo.svg/38px-Wikinews-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/24/Wikinews-logo.svg/50px-Wikinews-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="759" data-file-height="415" /></a></span></td> <td>ଉଇକିସମ୍ବାଦରେ <a href="https://or.wikinews.org/wiki/Special:Search/%E0%AC%95%E0%AC%AE%E0%AD%8D%E0%AC%AA%E0%AD%8D%E0%AD%9F%E0%AD%81%E0%AC%9F%E0%AC%B0" class="extiw" title="n:Special:Search/କମ୍ପ୍ୟୁଟର">ସମ୍ବାଦ ଲେଖାମାନ</a> ଖୋଜନ୍ତୁ<br /> </td></tr> <tr> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="http://or.wikiquote.org/wiki/Special:Search/Computers" title="ଉଇକିକଥାରେ ଖୋଜନ୍ତୁ"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikiquote-logo.svg/21px-Wikiquote-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="21" height="25" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikiquote-logo.svg/32px-Wikiquote-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikiquote-logo.svg/42px-Wikiquote-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="355" /></a></span></td> <td>ଉଇକିକଥାରୁ <a href="https://or.wikiquote.org/wiki/Special:Search/Computers" class="extiw" title="q:Special:Search/Computers">ଢଗଢମାଳି ଓ କଥାମାନ</a><br /> </td></tr> <tr> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="http://or.wikisource.org/wiki/Special:Search/%E0%AC%95%E0%AC%AE%E0%AD%8D%E0%AC%AA%E0%AD%8D%E0%AD%9F%E0%AD%81%E0%AC%9F%E0%AC%B0" title="ଉଇକିଉତ୍ସରେ ଖୋଜନ୍ତୁ"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/24px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="24" height="25" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/36px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/48px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="410" data-file-height="430" /></a></span></td> <td>ଉଇକିଉତ୍ସରୁ <a href="https://or.wikisource.org/wiki/Special:Search/%E0%AC%95%E0%AC%AE%E0%AD%8D%E0%AC%AA%E0%AD%8D%E0%AD%9F%E0%AD%81%E0%AC%9F%E0%AC%B0" class="extiw" title="s:Special:Search/କମ୍ପ୍ୟୁଟର">ମୂଳାଧାର ଲେଖାମାନ</a><br /> </td></tr> <tr> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a 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