CINXE.COM

<!DOCTYPE html> <html class="client-nojs vector-feature-language-in-header-enabled vector-feature-language-in-main-page-header-disabled vector-feature-sticky-header-disabled vector-feature-page-tools-pinned-disabled vector-feature-toc-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-main-menu-pinned-disabled vector-feature-limited-width-clientpref-1 vector-feature-limited-width-content-enabled vector-feature-custom-font-size-clientpref-1 vector-feature-appearance-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-night-mode-enabled skin-theme-clientpref-day vector-toc-available" lang="pa" dir="ltr"> <head> <meta charset="UTF-8"> <title>ਲਿਨਅਕਸ - ਵਿਕੀਪੀਡੀਆ, ਇਕ ਅਜ਼ਾਦ ਵਿਸ਼ਵਗਿਆਨਕੋਸ਼</title> <script>(function(){var className="client-js vector-feature-language-in-header-enabled vector-feature-language-in-main-page-header-disabled vector-feature-sticky-header-disabled vector-feature-page-tools-pinned-disabled vector-feature-toc-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-main-menu-pinned-disabled vector-feature-limited-width-clientpref-1 vector-feature-limited-width-content-enabled vector-feature-custom-font-size-clientpref-1 vector-feature-appearance-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-night-mode-enabled skin-theme-clientpref-day vector-toc-available";var cookie=document.cookie.match(/(?:^|; )pawikimwclientpreferences=([^;]+)/);if(cookie){cookie[1].split('%2C').forEach(function(pref){className=className.replace(new RegExp('(^| )'+pref.replace(/-clientpref-\w+$|[^\w-]+/g,'')+'-clientpref-\\w+( |$)'),'$1'+pref+'$2');});}document.documentElement.className=className;}());RLCONF={"wgBreakFrames":false,"wgSeparatorTransformTable":["",""],"wgDigitTransformTable":["",""],"wgDefaultDateFormat":"dmy", "wgMonthNames":["","ਜਨਵਰੀ","ਫ਼ਰਵਰੀ","ਮਾਰਚ","ਅਪਰੈਲ","ਮਈ","ਜੂਨ","ਜੁਲਾਈ","ਅਗਸਤ","ਸਤੰਬਰ","ਅਕਤੂਬਰ","ਨਵੰਬਰ","ਦਸੰਬਰ"],"wgRequestId":"4d353606-ccef-47c4-953c-b088233b1025","wgCanonicalNamespace":"","wgCanonicalSpecialPageName":false,"wgNamespaceNumber":0,"wgPageName":"ਲਿਨਅਕਸ","wgTitle":"ਲਿਨਅਕਸ","wgCurRevisionId":764290,"wgRevisionId":764290,"wgArticleId":14880,"wgIsArticle":true,"wgIsRedirect":false,"wgAction":"view","wgUserName":null,"wgUserGroups":["*"],"wgCategories":["Pages using the JsonConfig extension","ਮੁਰਦਾ ਬਾਹਰੀ ਕੜੀਆਂ ਵਾਲੇ ਸਾਰੇ ਲੇਖ","ਫਰਮੇ ਵਿੱਚ ਗਲਤ ਮਿਤੀ ਪੈਰਾਮੀਟਰ ਵਾਲੇ ਲੇਖ","ਸਥਾਈ ਤੌਰ 'ਤੇ ਮੁਰਦਾ ਬਾਹਰੀ ਕੜੀਆਂ ਵਾਲੇ ਲੇਖ","Webarchive template wayback links", "CS1 errors: unsupported parameter","CS1 errors: dates","Articles with dead external links from ਜੁਲਾਈ 2024","Pages using infobox OS with unknown parameters","Pages including recorded pronunciations","ਆਪਰੇਟਿੰਗ ਸਿਸਟਮ"],"wgPageViewLanguage":"pa","wgPageContentLanguage":"pa","wgPageContentModel":"wikitext","wgRelevantPageName":"ਲਿਨਅਕਸ","wgRelevantArticleId":14880,"wgIsProbablyEditable":true,"wgRelevantPageIsProbablyEditable":true,"wgRestrictionEdit":[],"wgRestrictionMove":[],"wgNoticeProject":"wikipedia","wgCiteReferencePreviewsActive":false,"wgMediaViewerOnClick":true,"wgMediaViewerEnabledByDefault":true,"wgPopupsFlags":0,"wgVisualEditor":{"pageLanguageCode":"pa","pageLanguageDir":"ltr","pageVariantFallbacks":"pa"},"wgMFDisplayWikibaseDescriptions":{"search":true,"watchlist":true,"tagline":true,"nearby":true},"wgWMESchemaEditAttemptStepOversample":false,"wgWMEPageLength":9000,"wgRelatedArticlesCompat":[],"wgCentralAuthMobileDomain":false, "wgEditSubmitButtonLabelPublish":true,"wgULSPosition":"interlanguage","wgULSisCompactLinksEnabled":false,"wgVector2022LanguageInHeader":true,"wgULSisLanguageSelectorEmpty":false,"wgWikibaseItemId":"Q388","wgCheckUserClientHintsHeadersJsApi":["brands","architecture","bitness","fullVersionList","mobile","model","platform","platformVersion"],"GEHomepageSuggestedEditsEnableTopics":true,"wgGETopicsMatchModeEnabled":false,"wgGEStructuredTaskRejectionReasonTextInputEnabled":false,"wgGELevelingUpEnabledForUser":false};RLSTATE={"ext.globalCssJs.user.styles":"ready","site.styles":"ready","user.styles":"ready","ext.globalCssJs.user":"ready","user":"ready","user.options":"loading","ext.cite.styles":"ready","skins.vector.search.codex.styles":"ready","skins.vector.styles":"ready","skins.vector.icons":"ready","ext.wikimediamessages.styles":"ready","ext.visualEditor.desktopArticleTarget.noscript":"ready","ext.uls.interlanguage":"ready","wikibase.client.init":"ready","ext.wikimediaBadges":"ready"}; RLPAGEMODULES=["ext.cite.ux-enhancements","site","mediawiki.page.ready","skins.vector.js","ext.centralNotice.geoIP","ext.centralNotice.startUp","ext.gadget.ReferenceTooltips","ext.gadget.switcher","ext.gadget.Numeral_converter","ext.urlShortener.toolbar","ext.centralauth.centralautologin","mmv.bootstrap","ext.popups","ext.visualEditor.desktopArticleTarget.init","ext.visualEditor.targetLoader","ext.shortUrl","ext.echo.centralauth","ext.eventLogging","ext.wikimediaEvents","ext.navigationTiming","ext.uls.interface","ext.cx.eventlogging.campaigns","ext.cx.uls.quick.actions","wikibase.client.vector-2022","ext.checkUser.clientHints","ext.growthExperiments.SuggestedEditSession","wikibase.sidebar.tracking"];</script> <script>(RLQ=window.RLQ||[]).push(function(){mw.loader.impl(function(){return["user.options@12s5i",function($,jQuery,require,module){mw.user.tokens.set({"patrolToken":"+\\","watchToken":"+\\","csrfToken":"+\\"}); }];});});</script> <link rel="stylesheet" href="/w/load.php?lang=pa&modules=ext.cite.styles%7Cext.uls.interlanguage%7Cext.visualEditor.desktopArticleTarget.noscript%7Cext.wikimediaBadges%7Cext.wikimediamessages.styles%7Cskins.vector.icons%2Cstyles%7Cskins.vector.search.codex.styles%7Cwikibase.client.init&only=styles&skin=vector-2022"> <script async="" src="/w/load.php?lang=pa&modules=startup&only=scripts&raw=1&skin=vector-2022"></script> <meta name="ResourceLoaderDynamicStyles" content=""> <link rel="stylesheet" href="/w/load.php?lang=pa&modules=site.styles&only=styles&skin=vector-2022"> <meta name="generator" content="MediaWiki 1.44.0-wmf.4"> <meta name="referrer" content="origin"> <meta name="referrer" content="origin-when-cross-origin"> <meta name="robots" content="max-image-preview:standard"> <meta name="format-detection" content="telephone=no"> <meta property="og:image" content="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/35/Tux.svg/1200px-Tux.svg.png"> <meta property="og:image:width" content="1200"> <meta property="og:image:height" content="1423"> <meta property="og:image" content="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/35/Tux.svg/800px-Tux.svg.png"> <meta property="og:image:width" content="800"> <meta property="og:image:height" content="948"> <meta property="og:image" content="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/35/Tux.svg/640px-Tux.svg.png"> <meta property="og:image:width" content="640"> <meta property="og:image:height" content="759"> <meta name="viewport" content="width=1120"> <meta property="og:title" content="ਲਿਨਅਕਸ - ਵਿਕੀਪੀਡੀਆ, ਇਕ ਅਜ਼ਾਦ ਵਿਸ਼ਵਗਿਆਨਕੋਸ਼"> <meta property="og:type" content="website"> <link rel="preconnect" href="//upload.wikimedia.org"> <link rel="alternate" media="only screen and (max-width: 640px)" href="//pa.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A8%B2%E0%A8%BF%E0%A8%A8%E0%A8%85%E0%A8%95%E0%A8%B8"> <link rel="alternate" type="application/x-wiki" title="ਸੋਧੋ" href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%A8%B2%E0%A8%BF%E0%A8%A8%E0%A8%85%E0%A8%95%E0%A8%B8&action=edit"> <link rel="apple-touch-icon" href="/static/apple-touch/wikipedia.png"> <link rel="icon" href="/static/favicon/wikipedia.ico"> <link rel="search" type="application/opensearchdescription+xml" href="/w/rest.php/v1/search" title="ਵਿਕੀਪੀਡੀਆ (pa)"> <link rel="EditURI" type="application/rsd+xml" href="//pa.wikipedia.org/w/api.php?action=rsd"> <link rel="canonical" href="https://pa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A8%B2%E0%A8%BF%E0%A8%A8%E0%A8%85%E0%A8%95%E0%A8%B8"> <link rel="license" href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/deed.pa"> <link rel="alternate" type="application/atom+xml" title="ਵਿਕੀਪੀਡੀਆ ਦੀ ਐਟਮ ਫ਼ੀਡ" href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%A8%96%E0%A8%BC%E0%A8%BE%E0%A8%B8:%E0%A8%A4%E0%A8%BE%E0%A8%9C%E0%A8%BC%E0%A8%BE_%E0%A8%A4%E0%A8%AC%E0%A8%A6%E0%A9%80%E0%A8%B2%E0%A9%80%E0%A8%86%E0%A8%82&feed=atom"> <link rel="dns-prefetch" href="//meta.wikimedia.org" /> <link rel="dns-prefetch" href="//login.wikimedia.org"> </head> <body class="skin--responsive skin-vector skin-vector-search-vue mediawiki ltr sitedir-ltr mw-hide-empty-elt ns-0 ns-subject mw-editable page-ਲਿਨਅਕਸ rootpage-ਲਿਨਅਕਸ skin-vector-2022 action-view"><a class="mw-jump-link" href="#bodyContent">ਸਮੱਗਰੀ 'ਤੇ ਜਾਓ</a> <div class="vector-header-container"> <header class="vector-header mw-header"> <div class="vector-header-start"> <nav class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="ਸਾਈਟ"> <div id="vector-main-menu-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-main-menu-dropdown vector-button-flush-left vector-button-flush-right" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-main-menu-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-main-menu-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="ਮੁੱਖ ਮੀਨੂ" > <label id="vector-main-menu-dropdown-label" for="vector-main-menu-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-menu mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-menu"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">ਮੁੱਖ ਮੀਨੂ</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-main-menu-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> <div id="vector-main-menu" class="vector-main-menu vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-main-menu-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-unpinned" data-feature-name="main-menu-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-main-menu" data-pinned-container-id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-main-menu-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">ਮੁੱਖ ਮੀਨੂ</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-main-menu.pin">ਸਾਈਡਬਾਰ 'ਤੇ ਜਾਓ</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-main-menu.unpin">ਲੁਕਾਓ</button> </div> <div id="p-navigation" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-navigation" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> ਨੇਵੀਗੇਸ਼ਨ </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="n-mainpage-description" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%E0%A8%AE%E0%A9%81%E0%A9%B1%E0%A8%96_%E0%A8%B8%E0%A8%AB%E0%A8%BC%E0%A8%BE" title="ਮੁੱਢਲੇ ਸਫ਼ੇ 'ਤੇ ਜਾਓ [z]" accesskey="z"><span>ਮੁੱਖ ਸਫ਼ਾ</span></a></li><li id="n-ਸੱਥ" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%E0%A8%B5%E0%A8%BF%E0%A8%95%E0%A9%80%E0%A8%AA%E0%A9%80%E0%A8%A1%E0%A9%80%E0%A8%86:%E0%A8%B8%E0%A9%B1%E0%A8%A5"><span>ਸੱਥ</span></a></li><li id="n-ਹਾਲੀਆ-ਤਬਦੀਲੀਆਂ" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%E0%A8%96%E0%A8%BC%E0%A8%BE%E0%A8%B8:%E0%A8%A4%E0%A8%BE%E0%A8%9C%E0%A8%BC%E0%A8%BE_%E0%A8%A4%E0%A8%AC%E0%A8%A6%E0%A9%80%E0%A8%B2%E0%A9%80%E0%A8%86%E0%A8%82"><span>ਹਾਲੀਆ ਤਬਦੀਲੀਆਂ</span></a></li><li id="n-ਹਾਲੀਆ-ਘਟਨਾਵਾਂ" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%E0%A8%B5%E0%A8%BF%E0%A8%95%E0%A9%80%E0%A8%AA%E0%A9%80%E0%A8%A1%E0%A9%80%E0%A8%86:%E0%A8%B9%E0%A8%BE%E0%A8%B2_%E0%A8%A6%E0%A9%80%E0%A8%86%E0%A8%82_%E0%A8%98%E0%A8%9F%E0%A8%A8%E0%A8%BE%E0%A8%B5%E0%A8%BE%E0%A8%82"><span>ਹਾਲੀਆ ਘਟਨਾਵਾਂ</span></a></li><li id="n-ਬੇਤਰਤੀਬ-ਸਫ਼ਾ" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%E0%A8%96%E0%A8%BC%E0%A8%BE%E0%A8%B8:%E0%A8%B0%E0%A8%B2%E0%A8%B5%E0%A8%BE%E0%A8%82_%E0%A8%B8%E0%A8%AB%E0%A8%BC%E0%A8%BE"><span>ਬੇਤਰਤੀਬ ਸਫ਼ਾ</span></a></li><li id="n-ਮਦਦ" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%E0%A8%AE%E0%A8%A6%E0%A8%A6:%E0%A8%B8%E0%A8%AE%E0%A9%B1%E0%A8%97%E0%A8%B0%E0%A9%80"><span>ਮਦਦ</span></a></li><li id="n-ਦਾਨ" class="mw-list-item"><a href="https://donate.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FundraiserRedirector?utm_source=donate&utm_medium=sidebar&utm_campaign=C13_pa.wikipedia.org&uselang=pa"><span>ਦਾਨ</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-ਵਿਕੀ_ਰੁਝਾਨ" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-ਵਿਕੀ_ਰੁਝਾਨ" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> ਵਿਕੀ ਰੁਝਾਨ </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="n-ਵਧੇਰੇ-ਵੇਖੇ-ਜਾਣ-ਵਾਲੇ-ਸਫ਼ੇ" class="mw-list-item"><a href="http://top.hatnote.com/pa/wikipedia" rel="nofollow"><span>ਵਧੇਰੇ ਵੇਖੇ ਜਾਣ ਵਾਲੇ ਸਫ਼ੇ</span></a></li><li id="n-ਅਕਸਰ-ਪੁੱਛੇ-ਜਾਣ-ਵਾਲੇ-ਸਵਾਲ" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%E0%A8%B5%E0%A8%BF%E0%A8%95%E0%A9%80%E0%A8%AA%E0%A9%80%E0%A8%A1%E0%A9%80%E0%A8%86:%E0%A8%85%E0%A8%95%E0%A8%B8%E0%A8%B0_%E0%A8%AA%E0%A9%81%E0%A9%B1%E0%A8%9B%E0%A9%87_%E0%A8%9C%E0%A8%BE%E0%A8%A3_%E0%A8%B5%E0%A8%BE%E0%A8%B2%E0%A9%87_%E0%A8%B8%E0%A8%B5%E0%A8%BE%E0%A8%B2"><span>ਅਕਸਰ ਪੁੱਛੇ ਜਾਣ ਵਾਲੇ ਸਵਾਲ</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <a href="/wiki/%E0%A8%AE%E0%A9%81%E0%A9%B1%E0%A8%96_%E0%A8%B8%E0%A8%AB%E0%A8%BC%E0%A8%BE" class="mw-logo"> <img class="mw-logo-icon" src="/static/images/icons/wikipedia.png" alt="" aria-hidden="true" height="50" width="50"> <span class="mw-logo-container skin-invert"> <img class="mw-logo-wordmark" alt="ਵਿਕੀਪੀਡੀਆ" src="/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-wordmark-pa.svg" style="width: 7.5em; height: 1.5625em;"> <img class="mw-logo-tagline" alt="ਇਕ ਅਜ਼ਾਦ ਵਿਸ਼ਵਗਿਆਨਕੋਸ਼" src="/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-tagline-pa.svg" width="120" height="14" style="width: 7.5em; height: 0.875em;"> </span> </a> </div> <div class="vector-header-end"> <div id="p-search" role="search" class="vector-search-box-vue vector-search-box-collapses vector-search-box-show-thumbnail vector-search-box-auto-expand-width vector-search-box"> <a href="/wiki/%E0%A8%96%E0%A8%BC%E0%A8%BE%E0%A8%B8:%E0%A8%96%E0%A9%8B%E0%A8%9C%E0%A9%8B" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only search-toggle" title="ਵਿਕੀਪੀਡੀਆ ਖੋਜੋ [f]" accesskey="f"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-search mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-search"></span> <span>ਖੋਜ</span> </a> <div class="vector-typeahead-search-container"> <div class="cdx-typeahead-search cdx-typeahead-search--show-thumbnail cdx-typeahead-search--auto-expand-width"> <form action="/w/index.php" id="searchform" class="cdx-search-input cdx-search-input--has-end-button"> <div id="simpleSearch" class="cdx-search-input__input-wrapper" data-search-loc="header-moved"> <div class="cdx-text-input cdx-text-input--has-start-icon"> <input class="cdx-text-input__input" type="search" name="search" placeholder="ਵਿਕੀਪੀਡੀਆ ਖੋਜੋ" aria-label="ਵਿਕੀਪੀਡੀਆ ਖੋਜੋ" autocapitalize="sentences" title="ਵਿਕੀਪੀਡੀਆ ਖੋਜੋ [f]" accesskey="f" id="searchInput" > <span class="cdx-text-input__icon cdx-text-input__start-icon"></span> </div> <input type="hidden" name="title" value="ਖ਼ਾਸ:ਖੋਜੋ"> </div> <button class="cdx-button cdx-search-input__end-button">ਖੋਜੋ</button> </form> </div> </div> </div> <nav class="vector-user-links vector-user-links-wide" aria-label="ਨਿੱਜੀ ਸੰਦ"> <div class="vector-user-links-main"> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-preferences" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-userpage" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="ਦਿੱਖ"> <div id="vector-appearance-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown " title="ਸਫ਼ੇ ਦੇ ਫੋਂਟ ਦਾ ਆਕਾਰ, ਚੌਡ਼ਾਈ ਅਤੇ ਰੰਗ ਦੀ ਦਿੱਖ ਨੂੰ ਬਦਲੋ" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-appearance-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-appearance-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="ਦਿੱਖ" > <label id="vector-appearance-dropdown-label" for="vector-appearance-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-appearance mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-appearance"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">ਦਿੱਖ</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-notifications" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-overflow" class="vector-menu mw-portlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="https://donate.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FundraiserRedirector?utm_source=donate&utm_medium=sidebar&utm_campaign=C13_pa.wikipedia.org&uselang=pa" class=""><span>ਦਾਨ</span></a> </li> <li id="pt-createaccount-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%A8%96%E0%A8%BC%E0%A8%BE%E0%A8%B8:%E0%A8%96%E0%A8%BE%E0%A8%A4%E0%A8%BE_%E0%A8%AC%E0%A8%A3%E0%A8%BE%E0%A8%93&returnto=%E0%A8%B2%E0%A8%BF%E0%A8%A8%E0%A8%85%E0%A8%95%E0%A8%B8" title="ਤੁਹਾਨੂੰ ਖ਼ਾਤਾ ਬਣਾਉਣ ਤੋਂ ਬਾਅਦ ਦਾਖ਼ਲ ਕਰਨ ਦੀ ਸਲਾਹ ਦਿੱਤੀ ਜਾਂਦੀ ਹੈ; ਹਾਲਾਂਕਿ ਇਹ ਲਾਜ਼ਮੀ ਨਹੀਂ" class=""><span>ਖ਼ਾਤਾ ਬਣਾਓ</span></a> </li> <li id="pt-login-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%A8%96%E0%A8%BC%E0%A8%BE%E0%A8%B8:%E0%A8%B5%E0%A8%B0%E0%A8%A4%E0%A9%8B%E0%A8%82%E0%A8%95%E0%A8%BE%E0%A8%B0_%E0%A8%B2%E0%A8%BE%E0%A8%97%E0%A8%87%E0%A8%A8&returnto=%E0%A8%B2%E0%A8%BF%E0%A8%A8%E0%A8%85%E0%A8%95%E0%A8%B8" title="ਤੁਹਾਨੂੰ ਦਾਖ਼ਲ ਹੋਣ ਲਈ ਪ੍ਰੇਰਿਆ ਜਾਂਦਾ ਹੈ; ਪਰ ਇਹ ਕੋਈ ਲਾਜ਼ਮੀ ਨਹੀਂ [o]" accesskey="o" class=""><span>ਦਾਖ਼ਲ ਹੋਵੋ</span></a> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> <div id="vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-user-menu vector-button-flush-right vector-user-menu-logged-out" title="ਹੋਰ ਚੋਣਾਂ" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="ਨਿੱਜੀ ਸੰਦ" > <label id="vector-user-links-dropdown-label" for="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-ellipsis mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-ellipsis"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">ਨਿੱਜੀ ਸੰਦ</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-personal" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-personal user-links-collapsible-item" title="User menu" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="https://donate.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FundraiserRedirector?utm_source=donate&utm_medium=sidebar&utm_campaign=C13_pa.wikipedia.org&uselang=pa"><span>ਦਾਨ</span></a></li><li id="pt-createaccount" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%A8%96%E0%A8%BC%E0%A8%BE%E0%A8%B8:%E0%A8%96%E0%A8%BE%E0%A8%A4%E0%A8%BE_%E0%A8%AC%E0%A8%A3%E0%A8%BE%E0%A8%93&returnto=%E0%A8%B2%E0%A8%BF%E0%A8%A8%E0%A8%85%E0%A8%95%E0%A8%B8" title="ਤੁਹਾਨੂੰ ਖ਼ਾਤਾ ਬਣਾਉਣ ਤੋਂ ਬਾਅਦ ਦਾਖ਼ਲ ਕਰਨ ਦੀ ਸਲਾਹ ਦਿੱਤੀ ਜਾਂਦੀ ਹੈ; ਹਾਲਾਂਕਿ ਇਹ ਲਾਜ਼ਮੀ ਨਹੀਂ"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-userAdd mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-userAdd"></span> <span>ਖ਼ਾਤਾ ਬਣਾਓ</span></a></li><li id="pt-login" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%A8%96%E0%A8%BC%E0%A8%BE%E0%A8%B8:%E0%A8%B5%E0%A8%B0%E0%A8%A4%E0%A9%8B%E0%A8%82%E0%A8%95%E0%A8%BE%E0%A8%B0_%E0%A8%B2%E0%A8%BE%E0%A8%97%E0%A8%87%E0%A8%A8&returnto=%E0%A8%B2%E0%A8%BF%E0%A8%A8%E0%A8%85%E0%A8%95%E0%A8%B8" title="ਤੁਹਾਨੂੰ ਦਾਖ਼ਲ ਹੋਣ ਲਈ ਪ੍ਰੇਰਿਆ ਜਾਂਦਾ ਹੈ; ਪਰ ਇਹ ਕੋਈ ਲਾਜ਼ਮੀ ਨਹੀਂ [o]" accesskey="o"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-logIn mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-logIn"></span> <span>ਦਾਖ਼ਲ ਹੋਵੋ</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-user-menu-anon-editor" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-user-menu-anon-editor" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> ਬਾਹਰ ਹੋਏ ਸੰਪਾਦਕਾਂ ਲਈ ਸਫ਼ੇ <a href="/wiki/%E0%A8%AE%E0%A8%A6%E0%A8%A6:%E0%A8%9C%E0%A8%BE%E0%A8%A3-%E0%A8%AA%E0%A8%9B%E0%A8%BE%E0%A8%A3" aria-label="ਸੰਪਾਦਨ ਬਾਰੇ ਹੋਰ ਜਾਣੋ"><span>ਹੋਰ ਜਾਣੋ</span></a> </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-anoncontribs" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%E0%A8%96%E0%A8%BC%E0%A8%BE%E0%A8%B8:%E0%A8%AE%E0%A9%87%E0%A8%B0%E0%A9%87_%E0%A8%AF%E0%A9%8B%E0%A8%97%E0%A8%A6%E0%A8%BE%E0%A8%A8" title="A list of edits made from this IP address [y]" accesskey="y"><span>ਯੋਗਦਾਨ</span></a></li><li id="pt-anontalk" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%E0%A8%96%E0%A8%BC%E0%A8%BE%E0%A8%B8:%E0%A8%AE%E0%A9%87%E0%A8%B0%E0%A9%80_%E0%A8%9A%E0%A8%B0%E0%A8%9A%E0%A8%BE" title="ਇਸ IP ਪਤੇ ਤੋਂ ਹੋਈਆਂ ਸੋਧਾਂ ਬਾਰੇ ਗੱਲਬਾਤ [n]" accesskey="n"><span>ਗੱਲ-ਬਾਤ</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </header> </div> <div class="mw-page-container"> <div class="mw-page-container-inner"> <div class="vector-sitenotice-container"> <div id="siteNotice"></div> </div> <div class="vector-column-start"> <div class="vector-main-menu-container"> <div id="mw-navigation"> <nav id="mw-panel" class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="ਸਾਈਟ"> <div id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav id="mw-panel-toc" aria-label="ਸਮੱਗਰੀ" data-event-name="ui.sidebar-toc" class="mw-table-of-contents-container vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-toc-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-toc" class="vector-toc vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-toc-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="toc-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-toc" > <h2 class="vector-pinnable-header-label">ਸਮੱਗਰੀ</h2> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.pin">ਸਾਈਡਬਾਰ 'ਤੇ ਜਾਓ</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.unpin">ਲੁਕਾਓ</button> </div> <ul class="vector-toc-contents" id="mw-panel-toc-list"> <li id="toc-mw-content-text" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a href="#" class="vector-toc-link"> <div class="vector-toc-text">ਸ਼ੁਰੂਆਤ</div> </a> </li> <li id="toc-ਇਤਿਹਾਸ" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#ਇਤਿਹਾਸ"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1</span> <span>ਇਤਿਹਾਸ</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-ਇਤਿਹਾਸ-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-ਹਵਾਲੇ" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#ਹਵਾਲੇ"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>ਹਵਾਲੇ</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-ਹਵਾਲੇ-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="ਸਮੱਗਰੀ" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="ਸਮੱਗਰੀ ਦੀ ਸਾਰਣੀ ਨੂੰ ਟੌਗਲ ਕਰੋ" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">ਸਮੱਗਰੀ ਦੀ ਸਾਰਣੀ ਨੂੰ ਟੌਗਲ ਕਰੋ</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">ਲਿਨਅਕਸ</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="ਕਿਸੇ ਹੋਰ ਭਾਸ਼ਾ ਵਿੱਚ ਲੇਖ 'ਤੇ ਜਾਓ। 156 ਭਾਸ਼ਾਵਾਂ ਵਿੱਚ ਉਪਲਬਧ ਹੈ" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-156" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">156 ਭਾਸ਼ਾਵਾਂ</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ace mw-list-item"><a href="https://ace.wikipedia.org/wiki/Linux" title="Linux – ਅਚੀਨੀ" lang="ace" hreflang="ace" data-title="Linux" data-language-autonym="Acèh" data-language-local-name="ਅਚੀਨੀ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Acèh</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Linux" title="Linux – ਅਫ਼ਰੀਕੀ" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="Linux" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="ਅਫ਼ਰੀਕੀ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Afrikaans</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-als mw-list-item"><a href="https://als.wikipedia.org/wiki/Linux" title="Linux – ਜਰਮਨ (ਸਵਿਸ)" lang="gsw" hreflang="gsw" data-title="Linux" data-language-autonym="Alemannisch" data-language-local-name="ਜਰਮਨ (ਸਵਿਸ)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Alemannisch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-am mw-list-item"><a href="https://am.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%88%8A%E1%8A%91%E1%8A%AD%E1%88%B5" title="ሊኑክስ – ਅਮਹਾਰਿਕ" lang="am" hreflang="am" data-title="ሊኑክስ" data-language-autonym="አማርኛ" data-language-local-name="ਅਮਹਾਰਿਕ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>አማርኛ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-an mw-list-item"><a href="https://an.wikipedia.org/wiki/Linux" title="Linux – ਅਰਾਗੋਨੀ" lang="an" hreflang="an" data-title="Linux" data-language-autonym="Aragonés" data-language-local-name="ਅਰਾਗੋਨੀ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Aragonés</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-anp mw-list-item"><a href="https://anp.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B2%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%A8%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B8" title="लिनक्स – ਅੰਗਿਕਾ" lang="anp" hreflang="anp" data-title="लिनक्स" data-language-autonym="अंगिका" data-language-local-name="ਅੰਗਿਕਾ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>अंगिका</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%84%D9%8A%D9%86%D9%83%D8%B3" title="لينكس – ਅਰਬੀ" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="لينكس" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="ਅਰਬੀ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arc mw-list-item"><a href="https://arc.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DC%A0%DC%9D%DC%A2%DC%98%DC%9F%DC%A3" title="ܠܝܢܘܟܣ – ਅਰਾਮੀ" lang="arc" hreflang="arc" data-title="ܠܝܢܘܟܣ" data-language-autonym="ܐܪܡܝܐ" data-language-local-name="ਅਰਾਮੀ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ܐܪܡܝܐ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ary mw-list-item"><a href="https://ary.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%84%D9%8A%D9%86%D9%88%D9%83%D8%B3" title="لينوكس – ਅਰਬੀ (ਮੋਰਾਕੋ)" lang="ary" hreflang="ary" data-title="لينوكس" data-language-autonym="الدارجة" data-language-local-name="ਅਰਬੀ (ਮੋਰਾਕੋ)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>الدارجة</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%84%D9%8A%D9%86%D9%83%D8%B3" title="لينكس – ਅਰਬੀ (ਮਿਸਰੀ)" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="لينكس" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="ਅਰਬੀ (ਮਿਸਰੀ)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مصرى</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-as mw-list-item"><a href="https://as.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%B2%E0%A7%80%E0%A6%A8%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%95%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%B8" title="লীনাক্স – ਅਸਾਮੀ" lang="as" hreflang="as" data-title="লীনাক্স" data-language-autonym="অসমীয়া" data-language-local-name="ਅਸਾਮੀ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>অসমীয়া</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Linux" title="Linux – ਅਸਤੂਰੀ" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Linux" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="ਅਸਤੂਰੀ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Asturianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Linux" title="Linux – ਅਜ਼ਰਬਾਈਜਾਨੀ" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Linux" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="ਅਜ਼ਰਬਾਈਜਾਨੀ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-azb mw-list-item"><a href="https://azb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%84%DB%8C%D9%86%D9%88%DA%A9%D8%B3" title="لینوکس – ਦੱਖਣੀ ਅਜ਼ੇਰੀ" lang="azb" hreflang="azb" data-title="لینوکس" data-language-autonym="تۆرکجه" data-language-local-name="ਦੱਖਣੀ ਅਜ਼ੇਰੀ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>تۆرکجه</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ba mw-list-item"><a href="https://ba.wikipedia.org/wiki/Linux" title="Linux – ਬਸ਼ਕੀਰ" lang="ba" hreflang="ba" data-title="Linux" data-language-autonym="Башҡортса" data-language-local-name="ਬਸ਼ਕੀਰ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Башҡортса</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bar mw-list-item"><a href="https://bar.wikipedia.org/wiki/Linux" title="Linux – ਬਾਵੇਰੀਅਨ" lang="bar" hreflang="bar" data-title="Linux" data-language-autonym="Boarisch" data-language-local-name="ਬਾਵੇਰੀਅਨ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Boarisch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bat-smg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bat-smg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Linux" title="Linux – Samogitian" lang="sgs" hreflang="sgs" data-title="Linux" data-language-autonym="Žemaitėška" data-language-local-name="Samogitian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Žemaitėška</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/Linux" title="Linux – ਬੇਲਾਰੂਸੀ" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Linux" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="ਬੇਲਾਰੂਸੀ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be-x-old mw-list-item"><a href="https://be-tarask.wikipedia.org/wiki/Linux" title="Linux – ਬੇਲਾਰੂਸੀ (ਰਵਾਇਤੀ)" lang="be-tarask" hreflang="be-tarask" data-title="Linux" data-language-autonym="Беларуская (тарашкевіца)" data-language-local-name="ਬੇਲਾਰੂਸੀ (ਰਵਾਇਤੀ)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская (тарашкевіца)</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9B%D0%B8%D0%BD%D1%83%D0%BA%D1%81" title="Линукс – ਬੁਲਗਾਰੀਆਈ" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Линукс" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="ਬੁਲਗਾਰੀਆਈ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bh mw-list-item"><a href="https://bh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B2%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%A8%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B8" title="लिनक्स – Bhojpuri" lang="bh" hreflang="bh" data-title="लिनक्स" data-language-autonym="भोजपुरी" data-language-local-name="Bhojpuri" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>भोजपुरी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%B2%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%A8%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%95%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%B8" title="লিনাক্স – ਬੰਗਾਲੀ" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="লিনাক্স" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="ਬੰਗਾਲੀ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-br mw-list-item"><a href="https://br.wikipedia.org/wiki/Linux" title="Linux – ਬਰੇਟਨ" lang="br" hreflang="br" data-title="Linux" data-language-autonym="Brezhoneg" data-language-local-name="ਬਰੇਟਨ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Brezhoneg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bs mw-list-item"><a href="https://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Linux" title="Linux – ਬੋਸਨੀਆਈ" lang="bs" hreflang="bs" data-title="Linux" data-language-autonym="Bosanski" data-language-local-name="ਬੋਸਨੀਆਈ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bosanski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bug mw-list-item"><a href="https://bug.wikipedia.org/wiki/Linux" title="Linux – ਬਗਨੀਜ਼" lang="bug" hreflang="bug" data-title="Linux" data-language-autonym="Basa Ugi" data-language-local-name="ਬਗਨੀਜ਼" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Basa Ugi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Linux" title="Linux – ਕੈਟਾਲਾਨ" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Linux" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="ਕੈਟਾਲਾਨ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cdo mw-list-item"><a href="https://cdo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Linux" title="Linux – ਚੀਨੀ (ਮਿਨ ਡੌਂਗ)" lang="cdo" hreflang="cdo" data-title="Linux" data-language-autonym="閩東語 / Mìng-dĕ̤ng-ngṳ̄" data-language-local-name="ਚੀਨੀ (ਮਿਨ ਡੌਂਗ)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩東語 / Mìng-dĕ̤ng-ngṳ̄</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ceb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ceb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Linux" title="Linux – ਸੀਬੂਆਨੋ" lang="ceb" hreflang="ceb" data-title="Linux" data-language-autonym="Cebuano" data-language-local-name="ਸੀਬੂਆਨੋ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cebuano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ckb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ckb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%84%DB%8C%D9%86%D9%88%DA%A9%D8%B3" title="لینوکس – ਕੇਂਦਰੀ ਕੁਰਦਿਸ਼" lang="ckb" hreflang="ckb" data-title="لینوکس" data-language-autonym="کوردی" data-language-local-name="ਕੇਂਦਰੀ ਕੁਰਦਿਸ਼" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>کوردی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-co mw-list-item"><a href="https://co.wikipedia.org/wiki/Linux" title="Linux – ਕੋਰਸੀਕਨ" lang="co" hreflang="co" data-title="Linux" data-language-autonym="Corsu" data-language-local-name="ਕੋਰਸੀਕਨ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Corsu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Linux" title="Linux – ਚੈੱਕ" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Linux" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="ਚੈੱਕ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-csb mw-list-item"><a href="https://csb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Linux" title="Linux – ਕਾਸ਼ੂਬੀਅਨ" lang="csb" hreflang="csb" data-title="Linux" data-language-autonym="Kaszëbsczi" data-language-local-name="ਕਾਸ਼ੂਬੀਅਨ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kaszëbsczi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Linux" title="Linux – ਵੈਲਸ਼" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="Linux" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="ਵੈਲਸ਼" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cymraeg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Linux" title="Linux – ਡੈਨਿਸ਼" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Linux" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="ਡੈਨਿਸ਼" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="featured article badge"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Linux" title="Linux – ਜਰਮਨ" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Linux" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="ਜਰਮਨ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-dsb mw-list-item"><a href="https://dsb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Linux" title="Linux – ਲੋਅਰ ਸੋਰਬੀਅਨ" lang="dsb" hreflang="dsb" data-title="Linux" data-language-autonym="Dolnoserbski" data-language-local-name="ਲੋਅਰ ਸੋਰਬੀਅਨ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dolnoserbski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/Linux" title="Linux – ਯੂਨਾਨੀ" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Linux" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="ਯੂਨਾਨੀ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en mw-list-item"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Linux" title="Linux – ਅੰਗਰੇਜ਼ੀ" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="Linux" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="ਅੰਗਰੇਜ਼ੀ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Linux" title="Linux – ਇਸਪੇਰਾਂਟੋ" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Linux" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="ਇਸਪੇਰਾਂਟੋ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es badge-Q70894304 mw-list-item" title=""><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Linux" title="Linux – ਸਪੇਨੀ" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Linux" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="ਸਪੇਨੀ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Linux" title="Linux – ਇਸਟੋਨੀਆਈ" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Linux" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="ਇਸਟੋਨੀਆਈ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Linux" title="Linux – ਬਾਸਕ" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Linux" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="ਬਾਸਕ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%84%DB%8C%D9%86%D9%88%DA%A9%D8%B3" title="لینوکس – ਫ਼ਾਰਸੀ" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="لینوکس" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="ਫ਼ਾਰਸੀ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Linux" title="Linux – ਫਿਨਿਸ਼" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Linux" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="ਫਿਨਿਸ਼" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fiu-vro mw-list-item"><a href="https://fiu-vro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Linux" title="Linux – ਵੋਰੋ" lang="vro" hreflang="vro" data-title="Linux" data-language-autonym="Võro" data-language-local-name="ਵੋਰੋ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Võro</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Linux" title="Linux – ਫਰਾਂਸੀਸੀ" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Linux" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="ਫਰਾਂਸੀਸੀ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fy mw-list-item"><a href="https://fy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Linux" title="Linux – ਪੱਛਮੀ ਫ੍ਰਿਸੀਅਨ" lang="fy" hreflang="fy" data-title="Linux" data-language-autonym="Frysk" data-language-local-name="ਪੱਛਮੀ ਫ੍ਰਿਸੀਅਨ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Frysk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ga mw-list-item"><a href="https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/Linux" title="Linux – ਆਇਰਸ਼" lang="ga" hreflang="ga" data-title="Linux" data-language-autonym="Gaeilge" data-language-local-name="ਆਇਰਸ਼" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaeilge</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Linux" title="Linux – ਗੈਲਿਸ਼ਿਅਨ" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Linux" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="ਗੈਲਿਸ਼ਿਅਨ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hak mw-list-item"><a href="https://hak.wikipedia.org/wiki/Linux" title="Linux – ਚੀਨੀ ਹਾਕਾ" lang="hak" hreflang="hak" data-title="Linux" data-language-autonym="客家語 / Hak-kâ-ngî" data-language-local-name="ਚੀਨੀ ਹਾਕਾ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>客家語 / Hak-kâ-ngî</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%9C%D7%99%D7%A0%D7%95%D7%A7%D7%A1" title="לינוקס – ਹਿਬਰੂ" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="לינוקס" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="ਹਿਬਰੂ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B2%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%A8%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B8" title="लिनक्स – ਹਿੰਦੀ" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="लिनक्स" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="ਹਿੰਦੀ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Linux" title="Linux – ਸਰਬੋ-ਕ੍ਰੋਏਸ਼ੀਅਨ" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Linux" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="ਸਰਬੋ-ਕ੍ਰੋਏਸ਼ੀਅਨ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hsb mw-list-item"><a href="https://hsb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Linux" title="Linux – ਅੱਪਰ ਸੋਰਬੀਅਨ" lang="hsb" hreflang="hsb" data-title="Linux" data-language-autonym="Hornjoserbsce" data-language-local-name="ਅੱਪਰ ਸੋਰਬੀਅਨ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hornjoserbsce</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ht mw-list-item"><a href="https://ht.wikipedia.org/wiki/Linux" title="Linux – ਹੈਤੀਆਈ" lang="ht" hreflang="ht" data-title="Linux" data-language-autonym="Kreyòl ayisyen" data-language-local-name="ਹੈਤੀਆਈ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kreyòl ayisyen</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="featured article badge"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Linux" title="Linux – ਹੰਗਰੀਆਈ" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Linux" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="ਹੰਗਰੀਆਈ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D4%BC%D5%AB%D5%B6%D5%B8%D6%82%D6%84%D5%BD" title="Լինուքս – ਅਰਮੀਨੀਆਈ" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Լինուքս" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="ਅਰਮੀਨੀਆਈ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hyw mw-list-item"><a href="https://hyw.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D4%BC%D5%AB%D5%B6%D5%B8%D6%82%D6%84%D5%BD" title="Լինուքս – ਪੱਛਮੀ ਆਰਮੇਨੀਆਈ" lang="hyw" hreflang="hyw" data-title="Լինուքս" data-language-autonym="Արեւմտահայերէն" data-language-local-name="ਪੱਛਮੀ ਆਰਮੇਨੀਆਈ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Արեւմտահայերէն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ia mw-list-item"><a href="https://ia.wikipedia.org/wiki/Linux" title="Linux – ਇੰਟਰਲਿੰਗੁਆ" lang="ia" hreflang="ia" data-title="Linux" data-language-autonym="Interlingua" data-language-local-name="ਇੰਟਰਲਿੰਗੁਆ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Interlingua</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Linux" title="Linux – ਇੰਡੋਨੇਸ਼ੀਆਈ" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Linux" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="ਇੰਡੋਨੇਸ਼ੀਆਈ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-io mw-list-item"><a href="https://io.wikipedia.org/wiki/Linux" title="Linux – ਇਡੂ" lang="io" hreflang="io" data-title="Linux" data-language-autonym="Ido" data-language-local-name="ਇਡੂ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ido</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is mw-list-item"><a href="https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/Linux" title="Linux – ਆਈਸਲੈਂਡਿਕ" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="Linux" data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="ਆਈਸਲੈਂਡਿਕ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Íslenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Linux" title="Linux – ਇਤਾਲਵੀ" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Linux" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="ਇਤਾਲਵੀ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/Linux" title="Linux – ਜਪਾਨੀ" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="Linux" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="ਜਪਾਨੀ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jbo mw-list-item"><a href="https://jbo.wikipedia.org/wiki/la_.linuks." title="la .linuks. – ਲੋਜਬਾਨ" lang="jbo" hreflang="jbo" data-title="la .linuks." data-language-autonym="La .lojban." data-language-local-name="ਲੋਜਬਾਨ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>La .lojban.</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jv mw-list-item"><a href="https://jv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Linux" title="Linux – ਜਾਵਾਨੀਜ਼" lang="jv" hreflang="jv" data-title="Linux" data-language-autonym="Jawa" data-language-local-name="ਜਾਵਾਨੀਜ਼" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Jawa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/Linux" title="Linux – ਜਾਰਜੀਆਈ" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="Linux" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="ਜਾਰਜੀਆਈ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kaa mw-list-item"><a href="https://kaa.wikipedia.org/wiki/Linux" title="Linux – ਕਰਾਕਲਪਾਕ" lang="kaa" hreflang="kaa" data-title="Linux" data-language-autonym="Qaraqalpaqsha" data-language-local-name="ਕਰਾਕਲਪਾਕ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Qaraqalpaqsha</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kab mw-list-item"><a href="https://kab.wikipedia.org/wiki/Linux" title="Linux – ਕਬਾਇਲ" lang="kab" hreflang="kab" data-title="Linux" data-language-autonym="Taqbaylit" data-language-local-name="ਕਬਾਇਲ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Taqbaylit</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Linux" title="Linux – ਕਜ਼ਾਖ਼" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="Linux" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="ਕਜ਼ਾਖ਼" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Қазақша</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-km mw-list-item"><a href="https://km.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%9E%9B%E1%9E%B8%E1%9E%93%E1%9E%BB%E1%9E%85" title="លីនុច – ਖਮੇਰ" lang="km" hreflang="km" data-title="លីនុច" data-language-autonym="ភាសាខ្មែរ" data-language-local-name="ਖਮੇਰ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ភាសាខ្មែរ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kn mw-list-item"><a href="https://kn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B2%B2%E0%B2%BF%E0%B2%A8%E0%B2%95%E0%B3%8D%E0%B2%B8%E0%B3%8D" title="ಲಿನಕ್ಸ್ – ਕੰਨੜ" lang="kn" hreflang="kn" data-title="ಲಿನಕ್ಸ್" data-language-autonym="ಕನ್ನಡ" data-language-local-name="ਕੰਨੜ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ಕನ್ನಡ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EB%A6%AC%EB%88%85%EC%8A%A4" title="리눅스 – ਕੋਰੀਆਈ" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="리눅스" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="ਕੋਰੀਆਈ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ksh mw-list-item"><a href="https://ksh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Linux_(Bedriefsystem)" title="Linux (Bedriefsystem) – ਕਲੋਨੀਅਨ" lang="ksh" hreflang="ksh" data-title="Linux (Bedriefsystem)" data-language-autonym="Ripoarisch" data-language-local-name="ਕਲੋਨੀਅਨ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ripoarisch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ku mw-list-item"><a href="https://ku.wikipedia.org/wiki/Linux" title="Linux – ਕੁਰਦਿਸ਼" lang="ku" hreflang="ku" data-title="Linux" data-language-autonym="Kurdî" data-language-local-name="ਕੁਰਦਿਸ਼" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kurdî</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kv mw-list-item"><a href="https://kv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9B%D0%B8%D0%BD%D1%83%D0%BA%D1%81" title="Линукс – ਕੋਮੀ" lang="kv" hreflang="kv" data-title="Линукс" data-language-autonym="Коми" data-language-local-name="ਕੋਮੀ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Коми</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ky mw-list-item"><a href="https://ky.wikipedia.org/wiki/Linux" title="Linux – ਕਿਰਗੀਜ਼" lang="ky" hreflang="ky" data-title="Linux" data-language-autonym="Кыргызча" data-language-local-name="ਕਿਰਗੀਜ਼" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Кыргызча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Linux" title="Linux – ਲਾਤੀਨੀ" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Linux" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="ਲਾਤੀਨੀ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lb mw-list-item"><a href="https://lb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Linux" title="Linux – ਲਕਜ਼ਮਬਰਗਿਸ਼" lang="lb" hreflang="lb" data-title="Linux" data-language-autonym="Lëtzebuergesch" data-language-local-name="ਲਕਜ਼ਮਬਰਗਿਸ਼" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lëtzebuergesch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lfn mw-list-item"><a href="https://lfn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Linux" title="Linux – ਲਿੰਗੂਆ ਫਰਾਂਸਾ ਨੋਵਾ" lang="lfn" hreflang="lfn" data-title="Linux" data-language-autonym="Lingua Franca Nova" data-language-local-name="ਲਿੰਗੂਆ ਫਰਾਂਸਾ ਨੋਵਾ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lingua Franca Nova</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lij mw-list-item"><a href="https://lij.wikipedia.org/wiki/Linux" title="Linux – ਲਿਗੂਰੀਅਨ" lang="lij" hreflang="lij" data-title="Linux" data-language-autonym="Ligure" data-language-local-name="ਲਿਗੂਰੀਅਨ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ligure</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lmo mw-list-item"><a href="https://lmo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Linux" title="Linux – ਇਟਾਲੀਅਨ" lang="lmo" hreflang="lmo" data-title="Linux" data-language-autonym="Lombard" data-language-local-name="ਇਟਾਲੀਅਨ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lombard</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ln mw-list-item"><a href="https://ln.wikipedia.org/wiki/Linux" title="Linux – ਲਿੰਗਾਲਾ" lang="ln" hreflang="ln" data-title="Linux" data-language-autonym="Lingála" data-language-local-name="ਲਿੰਗਾਲਾ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lingála</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lo mw-list-item"><a href="https://lo.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%BA%A5%E0%BA%B4%E0%BA%99%E0%BA%B8%E0%BA%81%E0%BA%8A%E0%BB%8C" title="ລິນຸກຊ໌ – ਲਾਓ" lang="lo" hreflang="lo" data-title="ລິນຸກຊ໌" data-language-autonym="ລາວ" data-language-local-name="ਲਾਓ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ລາວ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Linux" title="Linux – ਲਿਥੁਆਨੀਅਨ" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Linux" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="ਲਿਥੁਆਨੀਅਨ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/GNU/Linux" title="GNU/Linux – ਲਾਤੀਵੀ" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="GNU/Linux" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="ਲਾਤੀਵੀ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-map-bms mw-list-item"><a href="https://map-bms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Linux" title="Linux – ਬਨਯੂਮਾਸਨ" lang="jv-x-bms" hreflang="jv-x-bms" data-title="Linux" data-language-autonym="Basa Banyumasan" data-language-local-name="ਬਨਯੂਮਾਸਨ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Basa Banyumasan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mg mw-list-item"><a href="https://mg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Linux" title="Linux – ਮਾਲਾਗੈਸੀ" lang="mg" hreflang="mg" data-title="Linux" data-language-autonym="Malagasy" data-language-local-name="ਮਾਲਾਗੈਸੀ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Malagasy</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9B%D0%B8%D0%BD%D1%83%D0%BA%D1%81" title="Линукс – ਮੈਕਡੋਨੀਆਈ" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Линукс" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="ਮੈਕਡੋਨੀਆਈ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mn mw-list-item"><a href="https://mn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9B%D0%B8%D0%BD%D1%83%D0%BA%D1%81" title="Линукс – ਮੰਗੋਲੀ" lang="mn" hreflang="mn" data-title="Линукс" data-language-autonym="Монгол" data-language-local-name="ਮੰਗੋਲੀ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Монгол</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mr mw-list-item"><a href="https://mr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B2%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%A8%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B8" title="लिनक्स – ਮਰਾਠੀ" lang="mr" hreflang="mr" data-title="लिनक्स" data-language-autonym="मराठी" data-language-local-name="ਮਰਾਠੀ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>मराठी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Linux" title="Linux – ਮਲਯ" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Linux" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="ਮਲਯ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-my mw-list-item"><a href="https://my.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%80%9C%E1%80%84%E1%80%BA%E1%80%B8%E1%80%94%E1%80%95%E1%80%BA%E1%80%85%E1%80%BA" title="လင်းနပ်စ် – ਬਰਮੀ" lang="my" hreflang="my" data-title="လင်းနပ်စ်" data-language-autonym="မြန်မာဘာသာ" data-language-local-name="ਬਰਮੀ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>မြန်မာဘာသာ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nds mw-list-item"><a href="https://nds.wikipedia.org/wiki/Linux" title="Linux – ਲੋ ਜਰਮਨ" lang="nds" hreflang="nds" data-title="Linux" data-language-autonym="Plattdüütsch" data-language-local-name="ਲੋ ਜਰਮਨ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Plattdüütsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nds-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nds-nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Linux" title="Linux – ਲੋ ਸੈਕਸਨ" lang="nds-NL" hreflang="nds-NL" data-title="Linux" data-language-autonym="Nedersaksies" data-language-local-name="ਲੋ ਸੈਕਸਨ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nedersaksies</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ne mw-list-item"><a href="https://ne.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B2%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%A8%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B8" title="लिनक्स – ਨੇਪਾਲੀ" lang="ne" hreflang="ne" data-title="लिनक्स" data-language-autonym="नेपाली" data-language-local-name="ਨੇਪਾਲੀ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>नेपाली</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-new mw-list-item"><a href="https://new.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B2%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%87%E0%A4%A8%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B8" title="लाइनक्स – ਨੇਵਾਰੀ" lang="new" hreflang="new" data-title="लाइनक्स" data-language-autonym="नेपाल भाषा" data-language-local-name="ਨੇਵਾਰੀ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>नेपाल भाषा</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Linux" title="Linux – ਡੱਚ" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Linux" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="ਡੱਚ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Linux" title="Linux – ਨਾਰਵੇਜਿਆਈ ਨਿਓਨੌਰਸਕ" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Linux" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="ਨਾਰਵੇਜਿਆਈ ਨਿਓਨੌਰਸਕ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Linux" title="Linux – ਨਾਰਵੇਜਿਆਈ ਬੋਕਮਲ" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Linux" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="ਨਾਰਵੇਜਿਆਈ ਬੋਕਮਲ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-oc mw-list-item"><a href="https://oc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Linux" title="Linux – ਓਕਸੀਟਾਨ" lang="oc" hreflang="oc" data-title="Linux" data-language-autonym="Occitan" data-language-local-name="ਓਕਸੀਟਾਨ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Occitan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-or mw-list-item"><a href="https://or.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AC%B2%E0%AC%BF%E0%AC%A8%E0%AC%95%E0%AD%8D%E0%AC%B8" title="ଲିନକ୍ସ – ਉੜੀਆ" lang="or" hreflang="or" data-title="ଲିନକ୍ସ" data-language-autonym="ଓଡ଼ିଆ" data-language-local-name="ਉੜੀਆ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ଓଡ଼ିଆ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-os mw-list-item"><a href="https://os.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9B%D0%B8%D0%BD%D1%83%D0%BA%D1%81" title="Линукс – ਓਸੈਟਿਕ" lang="os" hreflang="os" data-title="Линукс" data-language-autonym="Ирон" data-language-local-name="ਓਸੈਟਿਕ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ирон</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Linux" title="Linux – ਪੋਲੈਂਡੀ" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Linux" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="ਪੋਲੈਂਡੀ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pnb mw-list-item"><a href="https://pnb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%84%DB%8C%D9%86%DA%A9%D8%B3" title="لینکس – ਪੰਜਾਬੀ (ਸ਼ਾਹਮੁਖੀ)" lang="pnb" hreflang="pnb" data-title="لینکس" data-language-autonym="پنجابی" data-language-local-name="ਪੰਜਾਬੀ (ਸ਼ਾਹਮੁਖੀ)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پنجابی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ps mw-list-item"><a href="https://ps.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%84%DB%8C%D9%86%DA%A9%D8%B3" title="لینکس – ਪਸ਼ਤੋ" lang="ps" hreflang="ps" data-title="لینکس" data-language-autonym="پښتو" data-language-local-name="ਪਸ਼ਤੋ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پښتو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Linux" title="Linux – ਪੁਰਤਗਾਲੀ" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Linux" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="ਪੁਰਤਗਾਲੀ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-qu mw-list-item"><a href="https://qu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Linux" title="Linux – ਕਕੇਸ਼ੁਆ" lang="qu" hreflang="qu" data-title="Linux" data-language-autonym="Runa Simi" data-language-local-name="ਕਕੇਸ਼ੁਆ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Runa Simi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Linux" title="Linux – ਰੋਮਾਨੀਆਈ" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Linux" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="ਰੋਮਾਨੀਆਈ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/Linux" title="Linux – ਰੂਸੀ" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Linux" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="ਰੂਸੀ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-rue mw-list-item"><a href="https://rue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9B%D1%96%D0%BD%D1%83%D0%BA%D1%81" title="Лінукс – ਰੁਸਿਨ" lang="rue" hreflang="rue" data-title="Лінукс" data-language-autonym="Русиньскый" data-language-local-name="ਰੁਸਿਨ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русиньскый</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sah mw-list-item"><a href="https://sah.wikipedia.org/wiki/Linux" title="Linux – ਸਾਖਾ" lang="sah" hreflang="sah" data-title="Linux" data-language-autonym="Саха тыла" data-language-local-name="ਸਾਖਾ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Саха тыла</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sc mw-list-item"><a href="https://sc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Linux" title="Linux – ਸਾਰਡੀਨੀਆਈ" lang="sc" hreflang="sc" data-title="Linux" data-language-autonym="Sardu" data-language-local-name="ਸਾਰਡੀਨੀਆਈ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sardu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-scn mw-list-item"><a href="https://scn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Linux" title="Linux – ਸਿਸੀਲੀਅਨ" lang="scn" hreflang="scn" data-title="Linux" data-language-autonym="Sicilianu" data-language-local-name="ਸਿਸੀਲੀਅਨ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sicilianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sco mw-list-item"><a href="https://sco.wikipedia.org/wiki/Linux" title="Linux – ਸਕਾਟਸ" lang="sco" hreflang="sco" data-title="Linux" data-language-autonym="Scots" data-language-local-name="ਸਕਾਟਸ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Scots</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sd mw-list-item"><a href="https://sd.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%84%D9%8A%D9%86%DA%AA%D8%B3" title="لينڪس – ਸਿੰਧੀ" lang="sd" hreflang="sd" data-title="لينڪس" data-language-autonym="سنڌي" data-language-local-name="ਸਿੰਧੀ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>سنڌي</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Linux" title="Linux – Serbo-Croatian" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Linux" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="Serbo-Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-si mw-list-item"><a href="https://si.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B6%BD%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%B1%E0%B6%9A%E0%B7%8A%E0%B7%83%E0%B7%8A" title="ලිනක්ස් – ਸਿੰਹਾਲਾ" lang="si" hreflang="si" data-title="ලිනක්ස්" data-language-autonym="සිංහල" data-language-local-name="ਸਿੰਹਾਲਾ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>සිංහල</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Linux" title="Linux – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Linux" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Linux_(opera%C4%8Dn%C3%BD_syst%C3%A9m)" title="Linux (operačný systém) – ਸਲੋਵਾਕ" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Linux (operačný systém)" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="ਸਲੋਵਾਕ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Linux" title="Linux – ਸਲੋਵੇਨੀਆਈ" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Linux" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="ਸਲੋਵੇਨੀਆਈ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-so mw-list-item"><a href="https://so.wikipedia.org/wiki/Linux" title="Linux – ਸੋਮਾਲੀ" lang="so" hreflang="so" data-title="Linux" data-language-autonym="Soomaaliga" data-language-local-name="ਸੋਮਾਲੀ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Soomaaliga</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sq mw-list-item"><a href="https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Linux" title="Linux – ਅਲਬਾਨੀਆਈ" lang="sq" hreflang="sq" data-title="Linux" data-language-autonym="Shqip" data-language-local-name="ਅਲਬਾਨੀਆਈ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Shqip</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Linux" title="Linux – ਸਰਬੀਆਈ" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Linux" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="ਸਰਬੀਆਈ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-stq mw-list-item"><a href="https://stq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Linux" title="Linux – ਸਾਤਰਲੇਨਡੀ" lang="stq" hreflang="stq" data-title="Linux" data-language-autonym="Seeltersk" data-language-local-name="ਸਾਤਰਲੇਨਡੀ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Seeltersk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Linux" title="Linux – ਸਵੀਡਿਸ਼" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Linux" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="ਸਵੀਡਿਸ਼" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sw mw-list-item"><a href="https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Linux" title="Linux – ਸਵਾਹਿਲੀ" lang="sw" hreflang="sw" data-title="Linux" data-language-autonym="Kiswahili" data-language-local-name="ਸਵਾਹਿਲੀ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kiswahili</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-szl mw-list-item"><a href="https://szl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Linux" title="Linux – Silesian" lang="szl" hreflang="szl" data-title="Linux" data-language-autonym="Ślůnski" data-language-local-name="Silesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ślůnski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%B2%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%A9%E0%AE%95%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%9A%E0%AF%81" title="லினக்சு – ਤਮਿਲ" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="லினக்சு" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="ਤਮਿਲ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>தமிழ்</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-te mw-list-item"><a href="https://te.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B0%B2%E0%B0%BF%E0%B0%A8%E0%B0%95%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%B8%E0%B1%8D" title="లినక్స్ – ਤੇਲਗੂ" lang="te" hreflang="te" data-title="లినక్స్" data-language-autonym="తెలుగు" data-language-local-name="ਤੇਲਗੂ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>తెలుగు</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tet mw-list-item"><a href="https://tet.wikipedia.org/wiki/Linux" title="Linux – ਟੇਟਮ" lang="tet" hreflang="tet" data-title="Linux" data-language-autonym="Tetun" data-language-local-name="ਟੇਟਮ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tetun</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%A5%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%B8%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%8B%E0%B9%8C" title="ลินุกซ์ – ਥਾਈ" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="ลินุกซ์" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="ਥਾਈ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tl mw-list-item"><a href="https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Linux" title="Linux – ਤਗਾਲੋਗ" lang="tl" hreflang="tl" data-title="Linux" data-language-autonym="Tagalog" data-language-local-name="ਤਗਾਲੋਗ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tagalog</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Linux" title="Linux – ਤੁਰਕੀ" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Linux" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="ਤੁਰਕੀ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tt mw-list-item"><a href="https://tt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Linux" title="Linux – ਟਾਟਾਰ (ਸਿਰਿਲਿਕ ਲਿਪੀ)" lang="tt" hreflang="tt" data-title="Linux" data-language-autonym="Татарча / tatarça" data-language-local-name="ਟਾਟਾਰ (ਸਿਰਿਲਿਕ ਲਿਪੀ)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Татарча / tatarça</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-udm mw-list-item"><a href="https://udm.wikipedia.org/wiki/Linux" title="Linux – ਉਦਮੁਰਤ" lang="udm" hreflang="udm" data-title="Linux" data-language-autonym="Удмурт" data-language-local-name="ਉਦਮੁਰਤ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Удмурт</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Linux" title="Linux – ਯੂਕਰੇਨੀਆਈ" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Linux" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="ਯੂਕਰੇਨੀਆਈ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%84%DB%8C%D9%86%DA%A9%D8%B3" title="لینکس – ਉਰਦੂ" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="لینکس" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="ਉਰਦੂ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>اردو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Linux" title="Linux – ਉਜ਼ਬੇਕ" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="Linux" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="ਉਜ਼ਬੇਕ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vec mw-list-item"><a href="https://vec.wikipedia.org/wiki/Linux" title="Linux – ਵੇਨੇਸ਼ੀਅਨ" lang="vec" hreflang="vec" data-title="Linux" data-language-autonym="Vèneto" data-language-local-name="ਵੇਨੇਸ਼ੀਅਨ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Vèneto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vep mw-list-item"><a href="https://vep.wikipedia.org/wiki/Linux" title="Linux – ਵੇਪਸ" lang="vep" hreflang="vep" data-title="Linux" data-language-autonym="Vepsän kel’" data-language-local-name="ਵੇਪਸ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Vepsän kel’</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Linux" title="Linux – ਵੀਅਤਨਾਮੀ" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Linux" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="ਵੀਅਤਨਾਮੀ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vls mw-list-item"><a href="https://vls.wikipedia.org/wiki/Linux" title="Linux – ਪੱਛਮੀ ਫਲੇਮਿਸ਼" lang="vls" hreflang="vls" data-title="Linux" data-language-autonym="West-Vlams" data-language-local-name="ਪੱਛਮੀ ਫਲੇਮਿਸ਼" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>West-Vlams</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wa mw-list-item"><a href="https://wa.wikipedia.org/wiki/Linux" title="Linux – ਵਲੂਨ" lang="wa" hreflang="wa" data-title="Linux" data-language-autonym="Walon" data-language-local-name="ਵਲੂਨ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Walon</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-war mw-list-item"><a href="https://war.wikipedia.org/wiki/Linux" title="Linux – ਵੈਰੇ" lang="war" hreflang="war" data-title="Linux" data-language-autonym="Winaray" data-language-local-name="ਵੈਰੇ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Winaray</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wo mw-list-item"><a href="https://wo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Linux" title="Linux – ਵੋਲੋਫ" lang="wo" hreflang="wo" data-title="Linux" data-language-autonym="Wolof" data-language-local-name="ਵੋਲੋਫ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Wolof</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Linux" title="Linux – ਚੀਨੀ ਵੂ" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="Linux" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="ਚੀਨੀ ਵੂ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>吴语</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-xmf mw-list-item"><a href="https://xmf.wikipedia.org/wiki/Linux" title="Linux – Mingrelian" lang="xmf" hreflang="xmf" data-title="Linux" data-language-autonym="მარგალური" data-language-local-name="Mingrelian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>მარგალური</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-yi mw-list-item"><a href="https://yi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%9C%D7%99%D7%A0%D7%95%D7%A7%D7%A1" title="לינוקס – ਯਿਦਿਸ਼" lang="yi" hreflang="yi" data-title="לינוקס" data-language-autonym="ייִדיש" data-language-local-name="ਯਿਦਿਸ਼" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ייִדיש</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-yo mw-list-item"><a href="https://yo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Linux" title="Linux – ਯੋਰੂਬਾ" lang="yo" hreflang="yo" data-title="Linux" data-language-autonym="Yorùbá" data-language-local-name="ਯੋਰੂਬਾ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Yorùbá</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-za mw-list-item"><a href="https://za.wikipedia.org/wiki/Linux" title="Linux – ਜ਼ੁਆਂਗ" lang="za" hreflang="za" data-title="Linux" data-language-autonym="Vahcuengh" data-language-local-name="ਜ਼ੁਆਂਗ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Vahcuengh</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zea mw-list-item"><a href="https://zea.wikipedia.org/wiki/Linux" title="Linux – ਜ਼ੀਲੈਂਡੀ" lang="zea" hreflang="zea" data-title="Linux" data-language-autonym="Zeêuws" data-language-local-name="ਜ਼ੀਲੈਂਡੀ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Zeêuws</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Linux" title="Linux – ਚੀਨੀ" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="Linux" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="ਚੀਨੀ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-classical mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-classical.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%9E%97%E7%B4%8D%E6%96%AF" title="林納斯 – ਚੀਨੀ (ਰਵਾਇਤੀ)" lang="lzh" hreflang="lzh" data-title="林納斯" data-language-autonym="文言" data-language-local-name="ਚੀਨੀ (ਰਵਾਇਤੀ)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>文言</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-min-nan mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-min-nan.wikipedia.org/wiki/Linux" title="Linux – ਚੀਨੀ ਮਿਨ ਨਾਨ" lang="nan" hreflang="nan" data-title="Linux" data-language-autonym="閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú" data-language-local-name="ਚੀਨੀ ਮਿਨ ਨਾਨ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/Linux" title="Linux – ਕੈਂਟੋਨੀਜ਼" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="Linux" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="ਕੈਂਟੋਨੀਜ਼" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>粵語</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q388#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="ਅੰਤਰਭਾਸ਼ਾਈ ਕੜੀਆਂ ਸੋਧੋ" class="wbc-editpage">ਜੋੜ ਸੋਧੋ</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="ਨਾਂ-ਥਾਂ"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-nstab-main" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%E0%A8%B2%E0%A8%BF%E0%A8%A8%E0%A8%85%E0%A8%95%E0%A8%B8" title="ਸਮੱਗਰੀ ਸਫ਼ਾ ਵੇਖੋ [c]" accesskey="c"><span>ਸਫ਼ਾ</span></a></li><li id="ca-talk" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%E0%A8%97%E0%A9%B1%E0%A8%B2-%E0%A8%AC%E0%A8%BE%E0%A8%A4:%E0%A8%B2%E0%A8%BF%E0%A8%A8%E0%A8%85%E0%A8%95%E0%A8%B8" rel="discussion" title="ਸਮੱਗਰੀ ਸਫ਼ੇ ਬਾਰੇ ਚਰਚਾ [t]" accesskey="t"><span>ਗੱਲਬਾਤ</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown emptyPortlet" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="ਭਾਸ਼ਾ ਰੂਪ ਬਦਲੋ" > <label id="vector-variants-dropdown-label" for="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">ਪੰਜਾਬੀ</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-variants" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-variants emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> <div id="right-navigation" class="vector-collapsible"> <nav aria-label="ਵੇਖੋ"> <div id="p-views" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-views" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-view" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%E0%A8%B2%E0%A8%BF%E0%A8%A8%E0%A8%85%E0%A8%95%E0%A8%B8"><span>ਪੜ੍ਹੋ</span></a></li><li id="ca-edit" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%A8%B2%E0%A8%BF%E0%A8%A8%E0%A8%85%E0%A8%95%E0%A8%B8&action=edit" title="ਇਸ ਸਫ਼ੇ ਦੇ ਸਰੋਤ ਦਾ ਕੋਡ ਸੋਧੋ [e]" accesskey="e"><span>ਸੋਧੋ</span></a></li><li id="ca-history" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%A8%B2%E0%A8%BF%E0%A8%A8%E0%A8%85%E0%A8%95%E0%A8%B8&action=history" title="ਇਸ ਸਫ਼ੇ ਦੇ ਪਿਛਲੇ ਦੁਹਰਾਅ [h]" accesskey="h"><span>ਇਤਿਹਾਸ ਵੇਖੋ</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="ਸਫ਼ੇ ਦੇ ਸੰਦ"> <div id="vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-tools-dropdown" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="ਸੰਦ" > <label id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-label" for="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">ਸੰਦ</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> <div id="vector-page-tools" class="vector-page-tools vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-page-tools-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-unpinned" data-feature-name="page-tools-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-page-tools" data-pinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">ਸੰਦ</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.pin">ਸਾਈਡਬਾਰ 'ਤੇ ਜਾਓ</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.unpin">ਲੁਕਾਓ</button> </div> <div id="p-cactions" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-cactions emptyPortlet vector-has-collapsible-items" title="ਹੋਰ ਚੋਣਾਂ" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> ਕਾਰਵਾਈਆਂ </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-more-view" class="selected vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%E0%A8%B2%E0%A8%BF%E0%A8%A8%E0%A8%85%E0%A8%95%E0%A8%B8"><span>ਪੜ੍ਹੋ</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-edit" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%A8%B2%E0%A8%BF%E0%A8%A8%E0%A8%85%E0%A8%95%E0%A8%B8&action=edit" title="ਇਸ ਸਫ਼ੇ ਦੇ ਸਰੋਤ ਦਾ ਕੋਡ ਸੋਧੋ [e]" accesskey="e"><span>ਸੋਧੋ</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-history" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%A8%B2%E0%A8%BF%E0%A8%A8%E0%A8%85%E0%A8%95%E0%A8%B8&action=history"><span>ਇਤਿਹਾਸ ਵੇਖੋ</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-tb" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-tb" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> ਆਮ </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="t-whatlinkshere" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%E0%A8%96%E0%A8%BC%E0%A8%BE%E0%A8%B8:%E0%A8%95%E0%A8%BF%E0%A8%B9%E0%A9%9C%E0%A9%87_%E0%A8%B8%E0%A8%AB%E0%A8%BC%E0%A9%87_%E0%A8%87%E0%A9%B1%E0%A8%A5%E0%A9%87_%E0%A8%9C%E0%A9%8B%E0%A9%9C%E0%A8%A6%E0%A9%87_%E0%A8%B9%E0%A8%A8/%E0%A8%B2%E0%A8%BF%E0%A8%A8%E0%A8%85%E0%A8%95%E0%A8%B8" title="ਪੰਜਾਬੀ ਵਿਕੀਪੀਡੀਆ ਦੇ ਸਾਰੇ ਸਫ਼ਿਆਂ ਦੀ ਸੂਚੀ, ਜੋ ਇੱਥੇ ਜੋੜਦੇ ਹਨ [j]" accesskey="j"><span>ਇੱਥੇ ਕੀ ਆ ਕੇ ਜੁੜਦਾ ਹੈ</span></a></li><li id="t-recentchangeslinked" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%E0%A8%96%E0%A8%BC%E0%A8%BE%E0%A8%B8:%E0%A8%9C%E0%A9%81%E0%A9%9C%E0%A9%80%E0%A8%86%E0%A8%82_%E0%A8%B9%E0%A8%BE%E0%A8%B2%E0%A9%80%E0%A8%86_%E0%A8%A4%E0%A8%AC%E0%A8%A6%E0%A9%80%E0%A8%B2%E0%A9%80%E0%A8%86%E0%A8%82/%E0%A8%B2%E0%A8%BF%E0%A8%A8%E0%A8%85%E0%A8%95%E0%A8%B8" rel="nofollow" title="ਇਸ ਸਫ਼ੇ ਤੋਂ ਜੋੜੇ ਗਏ ਸਫ਼ਿਆਂ ਵਿਚ ਹਾਲੀਆ ਤਬਦੀਲੀਆਂ [k]" accesskey="k"><span>ਸਬੰਧਤ ਤਬਦੀਲੀਆਂ</span></a></li><li id="t-specialpages" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%E0%A8%96%E0%A8%BC%E0%A8%BE%E0%A8%B8:%E0%A8%96%E0%A8%BC%E0%A8%BE%E0%A8%B8_%E0%A8%B8%E0%A8%AB%E0%A8%BC%E0%A9%87" title="ਸਾਰੇ ਖ਼ਾਸ ਸਫ਼ਿਆਂ ਦੀ ਲਿਸਟ [q]" accesskey="q"><span>ਖ਼ਾਸ ਸਫ਼ੇ</span></a></li><li id="t-permalink" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%A8%B2%E0%A8%BF%E0%A8%A8%E0%A8%85%E0%A8%95%E0%A8%B8&oldid=764290" title="ਇਸ ਸਫ਼ੇ ਦੇ ਇਸ ਸੋਧ ਲਈ ਸਥਾਈ ਕੜੀ"><span>ਪੱਕੀ ਕੜੀਆਂ</span></a></li><li id="t-info" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%A8%B2%E0%A8%BF%E0%A8%A8%E0%A8%85%E0%A8%95%E0%A8%B8&action=info" title="More information about this page"><span>ਸਫ਼ਾ ਜਾਣਕਾਰੀ</span></a></li><li id="t-cite" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%A8%96%E0%A8%BC%E0%A8%BE%E0%A8%B8:CiteThisPage&page=%E0%A8%B2%E0%A8%BF%E0%A8%A8%E0%A8%85%E0%A8%95%E0%A8%B8&id=764290&wpFormIdentifier=titleform" title="ਇਸ ਸਫ਼ੇ ਦਾ ਹਵਾਲੇ ਦੇਣ ਸਬੰਧੀ ਜਾਣਕਾਰੀ"><span>ਇਸ ਸਫ਼ੇ ਦਾ ਹਵਾਲਾ ਦਿਉ</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%A8%96%E0%A8%BC%E0%A8%BE%E0%A8%B8:UrlShortener&url=https%3A%2F%2Fpa.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2F%25E0%25A8%25B2%25E0%25A8%25BF%25E0%25A8%25A8%25E0%25A8%2585%25E0%25A8%2595%25E0%25A8%25B8"><span>ਛੋਟਾ ਯੂਆਰਐੱਲ ਪ੍ਰਾਪਤ ਕਰੋ</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener-qrcode" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%A8%96%E0%A8%BC%E0%A8%BE%E0%A8%B8:QrCode&url=https%3A%2F%2Fpa.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2F%25E0%25A8%25B2%25E0%25A8%25BF%25E0%25A8%25A8%25E0%25A8%2585%25E0%25A8%2595%25E0%25A8%25B8"><span>QR ਕੋਡ ਡਾਊਨਲੋਡ ਕਰੋ</span></a></li><li id="t-shorturl" class="mw-list-item"><a href="//pa.wikipedia.org/s/23p" title="ਸਾਂਝਾ ਕਰਨ ਲਈ ਇਸ ਛੋਟੀ ਕੜੀ ਦੀ ਨਕਲ ਕਰੋ"><span>ਛੋਟਾ ਯੂਆਰਐੱਲ</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-coll-print_export" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-coll-print_export" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> ਛਾਪੋ / ਬਰਾਮਦ ਕਰੋ </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="coll-create_a_book" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%A8%96%E0%A8%BC%E0%A8%BE%E0%A8%B8:%E0%A8%95%E0%A8%BF%E0%A8%A4%E0%A8%BE%E0%A8%AC&bookcmd=book_creator&referer=%E0%A8%B2%E0%A8%BF%E0%A8%A8%E0%A8%85%E0%A8%95%E0%A8%B8"><span>ਇੱਕ ਕਿਤਾਬ ਬਣਾਓ</span></a></li><li id="coll-download-as-rl" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%A8%96%E0%A8%BC%E0%A8%BE%E0%A8%B8:DownloadAsPdf&page=%E0%A8%B2%E0%A8%BF%E0%A8%A8%E0%A8%85%E0%A8%95%E0%A8%B8&action=show-download-screen"><span>PDF ਵਜੋਂ ਡਾਊਨਲੋਡ ਕਰੋ</span></a></li><li id="t-print" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%A8%B2%E0%A8%BF%E0%A8%A8%E0%A8%85%E0%A8%95%E0%A8%B8&printable=yes" title="ਇਸ ਸਫ਼ੇ ਦਾ ਛਪਣਯੋਗ ਰੂਪ [p]" accesskey="p"><span>ਛਪਣਯੋਗ ਸੰਸਕਰਣ</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-wikibase-otherprojects" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-wikibase-otherprojects" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> ਹੋਰ ਪ੍ਰਾਜੈਕਟਾਂ ਵਿੱਚ </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-commons mw-list-item"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Linux" hreflang="en"><span>ਵਿਕੀਮੀਡੀਆ ਕਾਮਨਜ਼</span></a></li><li id="t-wikibase" class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-wikibase-dataitem mw-list-item"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q388" title="ਡਾਟਾ ਭੰਡਾਰ ਦੀ ਸਮੱਗਰੀ ਨਾਲ ਕੜੀ ਜੋੜੋ [g]" accesskey="g"><span>ਵਿਕੀਡਾਟਾ ਆਈਟਮ</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-column-end"> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="ਸਫ਼ੇ ਦੇ ਸੰਦ"> <div id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="ਦਿੱਖ"> <div id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-appearance" class="vector-appearance vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-appearance-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="appearance-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-appearance" data-pinned-container-id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">ਦਿੱਖ</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.pin">ਸਾਈਡਬਾਰ 'ਤੇ ਜਾਓ</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.unpin">ਲੁਕਾਓ</button> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div id="bodyContent" class="vector-body" aria-labelledby="firstHeading" data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">ਵਿਕੀਪੀਡੀਆ, ਇੱਕ ਆਜ਼ਾਦ ਵਿਸ਼ਵਕੋਸ਼ ਤੋਂ</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="pa" dir="ltr"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r765565">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox-header,body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox-subheader,body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox-above,body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox-title,body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox-image,body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data,body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox-below{text-align:center}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox vevent"><caption class="infobox-title summary">ਲਿਨਅਕਸ</caption><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/%E0%A8%A4%E0%A8%B8%E0%A8%B5%E0%A9%80%E0%A8%B0:Tux.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="Tux ਪੈਂਗੂਇਨ" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/35/Tux.svg/150px-Tux.svg.png" decoding="async" width="150" height="178" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/35/Tux.svg/225px-Tux.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/35/Tux.svg/300px-Tux.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="607" /></a></span><div class="infobox-caption"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tux&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Tux (ਸਫ਼ਾ ਮੌਜੂਦ ਨਹੀਂ ਹੈ)">Tux</a> ਇੱਕ ਪੈਂਗੂਇਨ, ਲਿਨਅਕਸ ਦਾ ਮਸਕੋਟ<sup id="cite_ref-LinuxOnLine2008_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-LinuxOnLine2008-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><br /><br /></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space: nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/%E0%A8%B8%E0%A8%BE%E0%A8%AB%E0%A8%BC%E0%A8%9F%E0%A8%B5%E0%A9%87%E0%A8%85%E0%A8%B0_%E0%A8%89%E0%A9%B1%E0%A8%A8%E0%A8%A4%E0%A8%95%E0%A8%BE%E0%A8%B0" title="ਸਾਫ਼ਟਵੇਅਰ ਉੱਨਤਕਾਰ">ਉੱਨਤਕਾਰ</a></th><td class="infobox-data">ਭਾਈਚਾਰਾ</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space: nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/%E0%A8%AA%E0%A9%8D%E0%A8%B0%E0%A9%8B%E0%A8%97%E0%A8%B0%E0%A8%BE%E0%A8%AE%E0%A8%BF%E0%A9%B0%E0%A8%97_%E0%A8%AD%E0%A8%BE%E0%A8%B8%E0%A8%BC%E0%A8%BE" title="ਪ੍ਰੋਗਰਾਮਿੰਗ ਭਾਸ਼ਾ">ਲਿਖਿਆ ਹੋਇਆ</a></th><td class="infobox-data">ਵੱਖ-ਵੱਖ (ਜ਼ਿਆਦਾਤਰ <a href="/wiki/%E0%A8%B8%E0%A9%80_(%E0%A8%AA%E0%A9%8D%E0%A8%B0%E0%A9%8B%E0%A8%97%E0%A8%B0%E0%A8%BE%E0%A8%AE%E0%A8%BF%E0%A9%B0%E0%A8%97_%E0%A8%AD%E0%A8%BE%E0%A8%B8%E0%A8%BC%E0%A8%BE)" title="ਸੀ (ਪ੍ਰੋਗਰਾਮਿੰਗ ਭਾਸ਼ਾ)">ਸੀ</a> ਅਤੇ <a href="/wiki/%E0%A8%85%E0%A8%B8%E0%A9%88%E0%A8%82%E0%A8%AC%E0%A8%B2%E0%A9%80_%E0%A8%AD%E0%A8%BE%E0%A8%B8%E0%A8%BC%E0%A8%BE" title="ਅਸੈਂਬਲੀ ਭਾਸ਼ਾ">ਅਸੈਂਬਲੀ</a>)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space: nowrap;">ਓਐੱਸ ਪਰਿਵਾਰ</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/%E0%A8%AF%E0%A9%82%E0%A8%A8%E0%A8%BF%E0%A8%95%E0%A8%B8-%E0%A8%B5%E0%A8%B0%E0%A8%97%E0%A8%BE" title="ਯੂਨਿਕਸ-ਵਰਗਾ">ਯੂਨਿਕਸ-ਵਰਗਾ</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space: nowrap;">ਕਮਕਾਜੀ ਹਾਲਤ</th><td class="infobox-data">ਜਾਰੀ</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space: nowrap;">ਸਰੋਤ ਮਾਡਲ</th><td class="infobox-data">ਮੁੱਖ ਤੌਰ ਤੇ <a href="/wiki/%E0%A8%96%E0%A9%81%E0%A9%B1%E0%A8%B2%E0%A9%8D%E0%A8%B9%E0%A8%BE_%E0%A8%B8%E0%A8%B0%E0%A9%8B%E0%A8%A4" class="mw-redirect" title="ਖੁੱਲ੍ਹਾ ਸਰੋਤ">ਖੁੱਲ੍ਹਾ ਸਰੋਤ</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%A8%AC%E0%A9%B0%E0%A8%A6_%E0%A8%B8%E0%A8%B0%E0%A9%8B%E0%A8%A4&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="ਬੰਦ ਸਰੋਤ (ਸਫ਼ਾ ਮੌਜੂਦ ਨਹੀਂ ਹੈ)">ਬੰਦ ਸਰੋਤ</a> ਵੀ ਉਪਲਬਧ ਹੈ।</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space: nowrap;">ਪਹਿਲੀ ਰਿਲੀਜ਼</th><td class="infobox-data">1991<span class="noprint">; 33 ਸਾਲ ਪਹਿਲਾਂ</span><span style="display:none"> (<span class="bday dtstart published updated">1991</span>)</span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space: nowrap;">ਬਾਜ਼ਾਰੀ ਟੀਚਾ</th><td class="infobox-data">ਨਿੱਜੀ ਕੰਪਿਊਟਰ, ਮੋਬਾਈਲ, embedded devices, ਸਰਵਰ, ਮੇਨਫ਼ਰੇਮ, ਸੂਪਰਕੰਪਿਊਟਰ</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space: nowrap;"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%A8%95%E0%A9%81%E0%A8%A6%E0%A8%B0%E0%A8%A4%E0%A9%80_%E0%A8%AD%E0%A8%BE%E0%A8%B8%E0%A8%BC%E0%A8%BE&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="ਕੁਦਰਤੀ ਭਾਸ਼ਾ (ਸਫ਼ਾ ਮੌਜੂਦ ਨਹੀਂ ਹੈ)">ਵਿੱਚ ਉਪਲਬਧ</a></th><td class="infobox-data">ਬਹੁ-ਭਾਸ਼ਾਈ</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space: nowrap;">ਪਲੇਟਫਾਰਮ</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/w/index.php?title=DEC_%E0%A8%85%E0%A8%B2%E0%A8%AB%E0%A8%BC%E0%A8%BE&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="DEC ਅਲਫ਼ਾ (ਸਫ਼ਾ ਮੌਜੂਦ ਨਹੀਂ ਹੈ)">ਅਲਫ਼ਾ</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Synopsys_ARC&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Synopsys ARC (ਸਫ਼ਾ ਮੌਜੂਦ ਨਹੀਂ ਹੈ)">ARC</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=ARM_architecture&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="ARM architecture (ਸਫ਼ਾ ਮੌਜੂਦ ਨਹੀਂ ਹੈ)">ARM</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=AVR32&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="AVR32 (ਸਫ਼ਾ ਮੌਜੂਦ ਨਹੀਂ ਹੈ)">AVR32</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Blackfin&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Blackfin (ਸਫ਼ਾ ਮੌਜੂਦ ਨਹੀਂ ਹੈ)">Blackfin</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=C6x&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="C6x (ਸਫ਼ਾ ਮੌਜੂਦ ਨਹੀਂ ਹੈ)">C6x</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=ETRAX_CRIS&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="ETRAX CRIS (ਸਫ਼ਾ ਮੌਜੂਦ ਨਹੀਂ ਹੈ)">ETRAX CRIS</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=FR-V&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="FR-V (ਸਫ਼ਾ ਮੌਜੂਦ ਨਹੀਂ ਹੈ)">FR-V</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=H8/300&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="H8/300 (ਸਫ਼ਾ ਮੌਜੂਦ ਨਹੀਂ ਹੈ)">H8/300</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Qualcomm_Hexagon&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Qualcomm Hexagon (ਸਫ਼ਾ ਮੌਜੂਦ ਨਹੀਂ ਹੈ)">Hexagon</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Itanium&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Itanium (ਸਫ਼ਾ ਮੌਜੂਦ ਨਹੀਂ ਹੈ)">Itanium</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=M32R&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="M32R (ਸਫ਼ਾ ਮੌਜੂਦ ਨਹੀਂ ਹੈ)">M32R</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=M68k&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="M68k (ਸਫ਼ਾ ਮੌਜੂਦ ਨਹੀਂ ਹੈ)">m68k</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Imagination_META&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Imagination META (ਸਫ਼ਾ ਮੌਜੂਦ ਨਹੀਂ ਹੈ)">META</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Microblaze&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Microblaze (ਸਫ਼ਾ ਮੌਜੂਦ ਨਹੀਂ ਹੈ)">Microblaze</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=MIPS_architecture&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="MIPS architecture (ਸਫ਼ਾ ਮੌਜੂਦ ਨਹੀਂ ਹੈ)">MIPS</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=MN103&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="MN103 (ਸਫ਼ਾ ਮੌਜੂਦ ਨਹੀਂ ਹੈ)">MN103</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Nios_II&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Nios II (ਸਫ਼ਾ ਮੌਜੂਦ ਨਹੀਂ ਹੈ)">Nios II</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=OpenRISC&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="OpenRISC (ਸਫ਼ਾ ਮੌਜੂਦ ਨਹੀਂ ਹੈ)">OpenRISC</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=PA-RISC&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="PA-RISC (ਸਫ਼ਾ ਮੌਜੂਦ ਨਹੀਂ ਹੈ)">PA-RISC</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%A8%AA%E0%A8%BE%E0%A8%B5%E0%A8%B0%E0%A8%AA%E0%A9%80%E0%A8%B8%E0%A9%80&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="ਪਾਵਰਪੀਸੀ (ਸਫ਼ਾ ਮੌਜੂਦ ਨਹੀਂ ਹੈ)">ਪਾਵਰਪੀਸੀ</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=S390&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="S390 (ਸਫ਼ਾ ਮੌਜੂਦ ਨਹੀਂ ਹੈ)">s390</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=S%2Bcore&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="S+core (ਸਫ਼ਾ ਮੌਜੂਦ ਨਹੀਂ ਹੈ)">S+core</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=SuperH&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="SuperH (ਸਫ਼ਾ ਮੌਜੂਦ ਨਹੀਂ ਹੈ)">SuperH</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=SPARC&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="SPARC (ਸਫ਼ਾ ਮੌਜੂਦ ਨਹੀਂ ਹੈ)">SPARC</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=TILE64&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="TILE64 (ਸਫ਼ਾ ਮੌਜੂਦ ਨਹੀਂ ਹੈ)">TILE64</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Unicore32&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Unicore32 (ਸਫ਼ਾ ਮੌਜੂਦ ਨਹੀਂ ਹੈ)">Unicore32</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=X86&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="X86 (ਸਫ਼ਾ ਮੌਜੂਦ ਨਹੀਂ ਹੈ)">x86</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Xtensa&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Xtensa (ਸਫ਼ਾ ਮੌਜੂਦ ਨਹੀਂ ਹੈ)">Xtensa</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space: nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/%E0%A8%95%E0%A8%B0%E0%A8%A8%E0%A8%B2_(%E0%A8%86%E0%A8%AA%E0%A8%B0%E0%A9%87%E0%A8%9F%E0%A8%BF%E0%A9%B0%E0%A8%97_%E0%A8%B8%E0%A8%BF%E0%A8%B8%E0%A8%9F%E0%A8%AE)" title="ਕਰਨਲ (ਆਪਰੇਟਿੰਗ ਸਿਸਟਮ)">ਕਰਨਲ</a> ਕਿਸਮ</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/%E0%A8%AE%E0%A9%8B%E0%A8%A8%E0%A9%8B%E0%A8%B2%E0%A8%BF%E0%A8%A5%E0%A8%BF%E0%A8%95_%E0%A8%95%E0%A8%B0%E0%A8%A8%E0%A8%B2" title="ਮੋਨੋਲਿਥਿਕ ਕਰਨਲ">ਮੋਨੋਲਿਥਿਕ</a> (<a href="/wiki/%E0%A8%B2%E0%A8%BF%E0%A8%A8%E0%A8%85%E0%A8%95%E0%A8%B8_%E0%A8%95%E0%A8%B0%E0%A8%A8%E0%A8%B2" class="mw-redirect" title="ਲਿਨਅਕਸ ਕਰਨਲ">ਲਿਨਅਕਸ ਕਰਨਲ</a>)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space: nowrap;"><a href="/w/index.php?title=User_space_and_kernel_space&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="User space and kernel space (ਸਫ਼ਾ ਮੌਜੂਦ ਨਹੀਂ ਹੈ)">Userland</a></th><td class="infobox-data">ਵੱਖ-ਵੱਖ</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space: nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/%E0%A8%B5%E0%A8%B0%E0%A8%A4%E0%A9%8B%E0%A8%82%E0%A8%95%E0%A8%BE%E0%A8%B0_%E0%A8%87%E0%A9%B0%E0%A8%9F%E0%A8%B0%E0%A8%AB%E0%A8%BC%E0%A9%87%E0%A8%B8" title="ਵਰਤੋਂਕਾਰ ਇੰਟਰਫ਼ੇਸ">ਡਿਫਲਟ<br />ਵਰਤੋਂਕਾਰ ਇੰਟਰਫ਼ੇਸ</a></th><td class="infobox-data">ਬਹੁਤ</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space: nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/%E0%A8%B8%E0%A8%BE%E0%A8%AB%E0%A8%BC%E0%A8%9F%E0%A8%B5%E0%A9%87%E0%A8%85%E0%A8%B0_%E0%A8%B2%E0%A8%B8%E0%A9%B0%E0%A8%B8" title="ਸਾਫ਼ਟਵੇਅਰ ਲਸੰਸ">ਲਸੰਸ</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/%E0%A8%97%E0%A8%A8%E0%A9%82_%E0%A8%9C%E0%A8%A8%E0%A8%B0%E0%A8%B2_%E0%A8%AA%E0%A8%AC%E0%A8%B2%E0%A8%BF%E0%A8%95_%E0%A8%B2%E0%A8%BE%E0%A8%87%E0%A8%B8%E0%A9%B0%E0%A8%B8" class="mw-redirect" title="ਗਨੂ ਜਨਰਲ ਪਬਲਿਕ ਲਾਇਸੰਸ">ਗਨੂ ਜਨਰਲ ਪਬਲਿਕ ਲਾਇਸੰਸ</a> (ਸਿਰਫ਼ ਵਰਜਨ 2)<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and other free and open-source licenses; "<i>Linux</i>" trademark is owned by <a href="/w/index.php?title=Linus_Torvalds&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Linus Torvalds (ਸਫ਼ਾ ਮੌਜੂਦ ਨਹੀਂ ਹੈ)">Linus Torvalds</a><sup id="cite_ref-US_trademark_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-US_trademark-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and administered by the <a href="/w/index.php?title=Linux_Mark_Institute&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Linux Mark Institute (ਸਫ਼ਾ ਮੌਜੂਦ ਨਹੀਂ ਹੈ)">Linux Mark Institute</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space: nowrap;">ਅਧਿਕਾਰਤ ਵੈੱਬਸਾਈਟ</th><td class="infobox-data"><span class="url"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://kernel.org/">kernel<wbr />.org</a></span></td></tr></tbody></table> <p><b>ਲਿਨਅਕਸ</b> (<span class="rt-commentedText nowrap"><span class="IPA nopopups noexcerpt" lang="en-fonipa"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%A8%AE%E0%A8%A6%E0%A8%A6:IPA/English&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="ਮਦਦ:IPA/English (ਸਫ਼ਾ ਮੌਜੂਦ ਨਹੀਂ ਹੈ)">/<span style="border-bottom:1px dotted"><span title="/ˈ/: primary stress follows">ˈ</span><span title="'l' in 'lie'">l</span><span title="/ɪ/: 'i' in 'kit'">ɪ</span><span title="'n' in 'nigh'">n</span><span title="/ə/: 'a' in 'about'">ə</span><span title="'k' in 'kind'">k</span><span title="'s' in 'sigh'">s</span></span>/</a></span><small class="nowrap"> (<span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/%E0%A8%A4%E0%A8%B8%E0%A8%B5%E0%A9%80%E0%A8%B0:Linus-linux.ogg" title="ਤਸਵੀਰ:Linus-linux.ogg"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/21/Speaker_Icon.svg/13px-Speaker_Icon.svg.png" decoding="async" width="13" height="13" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/21/Speaker_Icon.svg/20px-Speaker_Icon.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/21/Speaker_Icon.svg/26px-Speaker_Icon.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="500" data-file-height="500" /></a></span> <a href="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/0/03/Linus-linux.ogg" class="internal" title="Linus-linux.ogg">ਸੁਣੋ</a>)</small></span> <span title="English pronunciation respelling" class="Unicode"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%A8%B5%E0%A8%BF%E0%A8%95%E0%A9%80%E0%A8%AA%E0%A9%80%E0%A8%A1%E0%A9%80%E0%A8%86:Pronunciation_respelling_key&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="ਵਿਕੀਪੀਡੀਆ:Pronunciation respelling key (ਸਫ਼ਾ ਮੌਜੂਦ ਨਹੀਂ ਹੈ)"><i><b><span class="smallcaps"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r637130">'"`UNIQ--templatestyles-00000006-QINU`"'</style><span class="SMALLCAPS"><span class="NOCAPS" style="TEXT-TRANSFORM:LOWERCASE;">LIN</span></span></span></b>-uks</i></a></span><sup id="cite_ref-pronunciation-1_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-pronunciation-1-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Foldoc09Jun06_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Foldoc09Jun06-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> ਅਤੇ ਕਦੇ-ਕਦੇ <span class="rt-commentedText nowrap"><span class="IPA nopopups noexcerpt" lang="en-fonipa"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%A8%AE%E0%A8%A6%E0%A8%A6:IPA/English&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="ਮਦਦ:IPA/English (ਸਫ਼ਾ ਮੌਜੂਦ ਨਹੀਂ ਹੈ)">/<span style="border-bottom:1px dotted"><span title="/ˈ/: primary stress follows">ˈ</span><span title="'l' in 'lie'">l</span><span title="/aɪ/: 'i' in 'tide'">aɪ</span><span title="'n' in 'nigh'">n</span><span title="/ə/: 'a' in 'about'">ə</span><span title="'k' in 'kind'">k</span><span title="'s' in 'sigh'">s</span></span>/</a></span></span> <span title="English pronunciation respelling" class="Unicode"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%A8%B5%E0%A8%BF%E0%A8%95%E0%A9%80%E0%A8%AA%E0%A9%80%E0%A8%A1%E0%A9%80%E0%A8%86:Pronunciation_respelling_key&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="ਵਿਕੀਪੀਡੀਆ:Pronunciation respelling key (ਸਫ਼ਾ ਮੌਜੂਦ ਨਹੀਂ ਹੈ)"><i><b><span class="smallcaps"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r637130"><span class="SMALLCAPS"><span class="NOCAPS" style="TEXT-TRANSFORM:LOWERCASE;">LYN</span></span></span></b>-uks</i></a></span><sup id="cite_ref-Foldoc09Jun06_5-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Foldoc09Jun06-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-pronunciation-2_6-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-pronunciation-2-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>) ਜਾਂ <b>ਲਿਨਕਸ</b> ਇੱਕ <a href="/wiki/%E0%A8%AF%E0%A9%82%E0%A8%A8%E0%A8%BF%E0%A8%95%E0%A8%B8-%E0%A8%B5%E0%A8%B0%E0%A8%97%E0%A8%BE" title="ਯੂਨਿਕਸ-ਵਰਗਾ">ਯੂਨਿਕਸ-ਵਰਗਾ</a> <a href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%A8%86%E0%A8%9C%E0%A8%BC%E0%A8%BE%E0%A8%A6_%E0%A8%85%E0%A8%A4%E0%A9%87_%E0%A8%96%E0%A9%81%E0%A9%B1%E0%A8%B2%E0%A9%8D%E0%A8%B9%E0%A8%BE-%E0%A8%B8%E0%A8%B0%E0%A9%8B%E0%A8%A4_%E0%A8%B8%E0%A8%BE%E0%A8%AB%E0%A8%BC%E0%A8%9F%E0%A8%B5%E0%A9%87%E0%A8%85%E0%A8%B0&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="ਆਜ਼ਾਦ ਅਤੇ ਖੁੱਲ੍ਹਾ-ਸਰੋਤ ਸਾਫ਼ਟਵੇਅਰ (ਸਫ਼ਾ ਮੌਜੂਦ ਨਹੀਂ ਹੈ)">ਆਜ਼ਾਦ ਅਤੇ ਖੁੱਲ੍ਹਾ-ਸਰੋਤ</a> ਆਪਰੇਟਿੰਗ ਸਿਸਟਮ ਹੈ। ਇਹ <a href="/wiki/%E0%A8%B2%E0%A8%BF%E0%A8%A8%E0%A8%95%E0%A8%B8_%E0%A8%95%E0%A8%B0%E0%A8%A8%E0%A8%B2" class="mw-redirect" title="ਲਿਨਕਸ ਕਰਨਲ">ਲਿਨਕਸ ਕਰਨਲ</a> ’ਤੇ ਅਧਾਰਤ ਹੈ ਜੋ ਕਿ 5 ਅਕਤੂਬਰ 1991 ਨੂੰ <a href="/wiki/%E0%A8%AB%E0%A8%BC%E0%A8%BF%E0%A8%A8%E0%A8%B2%E0%A9%88%E0%A8%82%E0%A8%A1" title="ਫ਼ਿਨਲੈਂਡ">ਫ਼ਿਨਲੈਂਡ</a> ਦੀ <a href="/wiki/%E0%A8%AF%E0%A9%82%E0%A8%A8%E0%A9%80%E0%A8%B5%E0%A8%B0%E0%A8%B8%E0%A8%BF%E0%A8%9F%E0%A9%80_%E0%A8%86%E0%A8%AB%E0%A8%BC_%E0%A8%B9%E0%A9%88%E0%A8%B2%E0%A8%B8%E0%A8%BF%E0%A9%B0%E0%A8%95%E0%A9%80" title="ਯੂਨੀਵਰਸਿਟੀ ਆਫ਼ ਹੈਲਸਿੰਕੀ">ਯੂਨੀਵਰਸਿਟੀ ਆਫ਼ ਹੈਲਸਿੰਕੀ</a> ਦੇ ਇੱਕ 21-ਸਾਲਾ ਵਿਦਿਆਰਥੀ <a href="/wiki/%E0%A8%B2%E0%A9%80%E0%A8%A8%E0%A8%B8_%E0%A8%A4%E0%A9%82%E0%A8%B0%E0%A8%B5%E0%A8%B2%E0%A8%A6%E0%A8%B8" title="ਲੀਨਸ ਤੂਰਵਲਦਸ">ਲੀਨਸ ਤੂਰਵਲਦਸ</a> ਨੇ ਜਾਰੀ ਕੀਤਾ ਸੀ। ਪਿਛੋਂ ਇਸ ਨੂੰ <a href="/wiki/%E0%A8%85%E0%A8%AE%E0%A8%B0%E0%A9%80%E0%A8%95%E0%A8%BE" class="mw-redirect" title="ਅਮਰੀਕਾ">ਅਮਰੀਕਾ</a> ਦੇ ਗਨੂ (GNU) ਪ੍ਰਾਜੈਕਟ ਦੀ ਹਿਮਾਇਤ ਮਿਲ ਗਈ ਅਤੇ ਇਹ ਪੂਰੀ ਦੁਨੀਆ ਵਿੱਚ ਫੈਲਣ ਲੱਗਾ। </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="ਇਤਿਹਾਸ"><span id=".E0.A8.87.E0.A8.A4.E0.A8.BF.E0.A8.B9.E0.A8.BE.E0.A8.B8"></span>ਇਤਿਹਾਸ</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%A8%B2%E0%A8%BF%E0%A8%A8%E0%A8%85%E0%A8%95%E0%A8%B8&action=edit&section=1" title="ਭਾਗ ਸੋਧ: ਇਤਿਹਾਸ"><span>ਸੋਧੋ</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>1970ਵਿਆਂ ਵਿੱਚ <a href="/wiki/%E0%A8%A1%E0%A9%88%E0%A8%A8%E0%A8%BF%E0%A8%B8_%E0%A8%B0%E0%A8%BF%E0%A8%9A%E0%A9%80" title="ਡੈਨਿਸ ਰਿਚੀ">ਡੈਨਿਸ ਰਿਚੀ</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%A8%95%E0%A9%87%E0%A8%A8_%E0%A8%A5%E0%A8%BE%E0%A8%AE%E0%A8%AA%E0%A8%B8%E0%A8%A8&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="ਕੇਨ ਥਾਮਪਸਨ (ਸਫ਼ਾ ਮੌਜੂਦ ਨਹੀਂ ਹੈ)">ਕੇਨ ਥਾਮਪਸਨ</a> ਅਤੇ ਹੋਰਨਾਂ ਨੇ <a href="/wiki/%E0%A8%AF%E0%A9%82%E0%A8%A8%E0%A8%BF%E0%A8%95%E0%A8%B8" title="ਯੂਨਿਕਸ">ਯੂਨਿਕਸ</a> ਦੀ ਖੋਜ ਕਰ ਲਈ ਸੀ ਜੋ ਪਹਿਲਾਂ-ਪਹਿਲ <a href="/wiki/%E0%A8%85%E0%A8%B8%E0%A9%88%E0%A8%82%E0%A8%AC%E0%A8%B2%E0%A9%80_%E0%A8%AD%E0%A8%BE%E0%A8%B8%E0%A8%BC%E0%A8%BE" title="ਅਸੈਂਬਲੀ ਭਾਸ਼ਾ">ਅਸੈਂਬਲੀ ਭਾਸ਼ਾ</a> ਅਤੇ ਛੇਤੀ ਹੀ <a href="/wiki/%E0%A8%B8%E0%A9%80_(%E0%A8%AA%E0%A9%8D%E0%A8%B0%E0%A9%8B%E0%A8%97%E0%A8%B0%E0%A8%BE%E0%A8%AE%E0%A8%BF%E0%A9%B0%E0%A8%97_%E0%A8%AD%E0%A8%BE%E0%A8%B8%E0%A8%BC%E0%A8%BE)" title="ਸੀ (ਪ੍ਰੋਗਰਾਮਿੰਗ ਭਾਸ਼ਾ)">ਸੀ</a> ਵਿੱਚ ਲਿਖਿਆ ਗਿਆ। 1991 ਵਿੱਚ <a href="/wiki/%E0%A8%AE%E0%A8%BE%E0%A8%88%E0%A8%95%E0%A9%8D%E0%A8%B0%E0%A9%8B%E0%A8%B8%E0%A8%BE%E0%A8%AB%E0%A8%BC%E0%A8%9F" class="mw-redirect" title="ਮਾਈਕ੍ਰੋਸਾਫ਼ਟ">ਮਾਈਕ੍ਰੋਸਾਫ਼ਟ</a> ਦੇ ਬਿਲ ਗੇਟਸ ਵਲੋਂ ਖਰੀਦਿਆ ਗਿਆ ਡੋਸ (DOS) ਆਪਰੇਟਿੰਗ ਸਿਸਟਮ ਮਾਰਕਿਟ ਵਿੱਚ ਆਪਣੀ ਥਾਂ ਪੱਕੀ ਕਰ ਚੁੱਕਾ ਸੀ। ਐਪਲ ਦੇ ਮੈਕ (Mac) ਕੰਪਿਊਟਰ ਚੰਗੇ ਸਨ ਪਰ ਮਹਿੰਗੇ ਹੋਣ ਕਾਰਨ ਉਹ ਜ਼ਿਆਦਾਤਰ ਲੋਕਾਂ ਦੀ ਪਹੁੰਚ ਤੋਂ ਬਾਹਰ ਸਨ। ਯੂਨਿਕਸ ਵੇਚਣ ਵਾਲਿਆਂ ਦਾ ਤਬਕਾ ਹੁਣ ਆਪਣੇ ਕੋਡ ਨੂੰ ਸਾਂਭ-ਸਾਂਭ ਰੱਖਦਾ ਸੀ। ਇਨ੍ਹਾਂ ਹਾਲਾਤਾਂ ਵਿੱਚ ਹੈਲਸਿੰਕੀ ਯੂਨੀਵਰਸਿਟੀ ਦੇ ਦੂਜੇ ਸਾਲ ਦੇ ਵਿਦਿਆਰਥੀ <a href="/wiki/%E0%A8%B2%E0%A9%80%E0%A8%A8%E0%A8%B8_%E0%A8%A4%E0%A9%82%E0%A8%B0%E0%A8%B5%E0%A8%B2%E0%A8%A6%E0%A8%B8" title="ਲੀਨਸ ਤੂਰਵਲਦਸ">ਲੀਨਸ ਤੂਰਵਲਦਸ</a> ਦੇ ਹੱਥ ਡੱਚ ਪ੍ਰੋਫ਼ੈਸਰ <a href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%A8%90%E0%A8%A8%E0%A8%A1%E0%A9%8D%E0%A8%B0%E0%A8%BF%E0%A8%8A_%E0%A8%90%E0%A9%B1%E0%A8%B8._%E0%A8%A4%E0%A8%BE%E0%A8%A8%E0%A9%87%E0%A8%A8%E0%A8%AC%E0%A9%8C%E0%A8%AE&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="ਐਨਡ੍ਰਿਊ ਐੱਸ. ਤਾਨੇਨਬੌਮ (ਸਫ਼ਾ ਮੌਜੂਦ ਨਹੀਂ ਹੈ)">ਐਨਡ੍ਰਿਊ ਐੱਸ. ਤਾਨੇਨਬੌਮ</a> ਦੀ ਇੱਕ ਕਿਤਾਬ ਲੱਗੀ। ਕਿਤਾਬ ਦਾ ਨਾਂ ਸੀ: <i>Operating Systems: Design and Implementations</i> (ਆਪਰੇਟਿੰਗ ਸਿਸਟਮ: ਖ਼ਾਕਾ ਅਤੇ ਅਮਲ)। ਕਿਤਾਬ ਵਿੱਚ 12,000 ਲਾਇਨਾਂ ਦਾ <a href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%A8%AE%E0%A8%BF%E0%A8%A8%E0%A8%BF%E0%A8%95%E0%A8%B8&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="ਮਿਨਿਕਸ (ਸਫ਼ਾ ਮੌਜੂਦ ਨਹੀਂ ਹੈ)">ਮਿਨਿਕਸ</a> (MINIX) ਆਪਰੇਟਿੰਗ ਸਿਸਟਮ ਦਾ ਕੋਡ ਸੀ। ਭਾਵੇਂ <a href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%A8%AE%E0%A8%BF%E0%A8%A8%E0%A8%BF%E0%A8%95%E0%A8%B8&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="ਮਿਨਿਕਸ (ਸਫ਼ਾ ਮੌਜੂਦ ਨਹੀਂ ਹੈ)">ਮਿਨਿਕਸ</a> ਕੋਈ ਬਹੁਤ ਜ਼ਿਆਦਾ ਚੰਗਾ ਆਪਰੇਟਿੰਗ ਸਿਸਟਮ ਨਹੀਂ ਸੀ ਪਰ ਕਿਤਾਬ ਦਾ ਮੁੱਖ ਫ਼ਾਇਦਾ ਇਹ ਸੀ ਕਿ ਕੋਈ ਵੀ ਇਸ ਕਿਤਾਬ ਦੇ ਜ਼ਰੀਏ ਇਹ ਸਿੱਖ ਸਕਦਾ ਸੀ ਕਿ ਆਪਰੇਟਿੰਗ ਸਿਸਟਮ ਕਿਸ ਤਰ੍ਹਾਂ ਕੰਮ ਕਰਦੇ ਹਨ। </p><p>ਲੀਨਸ ਇੱਕ ਜੋਸ਼ੀਲਾ ਗੱਭਰੂ ਸੀ। ਕਿਤਾਬ ਪੜ੍ਹਨ ਤੋਂ ਬਾਅਦ ਉਸ ਨੇ ਅਗਸਤ 1991 ਵਿੱਚ ਮਿਨਿਕਸ ਨਿਊਜ਼ ਗਰੁੱਪ ’ਤੇ ਇੱਕ ਸੁਨੇਹਾ ਲਿਖਿਆ ਜਿਸ ਵਿੱਚ ਉਸ ਨੇ ਕਿਹਾ: "ਮੈਂ AT 386(486) ਕਲੋਨਾਂ ਲਈ ਇੱਕ ਆਪਰੇਟਿੰਗ ਸਿਸਟਮ ਬਣਾ ਰਿਹਾ ਹਾਂ।" </p><p>ਇੱਕ ਮਹੀਨੇ ਬਾਅਦ ਲਿਨਅਕਸ ਦਾ ਵਰਜਨ 0.01 ਤਿਆਰ ਸੀ। ਇਹ ਕਾਫ਼ੀ ਸਾਦਾ ਕੋਡ ਸੀ ਪਰ ਇਸ ਨੇ ਬਹੁਤੇ ਪ੍ਰੋਗਰਾਮਰਾਂ ਦੀ ਦਿਲਚਸਪੀ ਜਗਾਈ ਅਤੇ ਹੌਲੀ-ਹੌਲੀ ਦਸ, ਸੌ, ਹਜ਼ਾਰ ਅਤੇ ਫਿਰ ਲੱਖਾਂ ਪ੍ਰੋਗਰਾਮਰ ਇਸ ਉੱਤੇ ਕੰਮ ਕਰਨ ਲੱਗ ਪਏ। </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="ਹਵਾਲੇ"><span id=".E0.A8.B9.E0.A8.B5.E0.A8.BE.E0.A8.B2.E0.A9.87"></span>ਹਵਾਲੇ</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%A8%B2%E0%A8%BF%E0%A8%A8%E0%A8%85%E0%A8%95%E0%A8%B8&action=edit&section=2" title="ਭਾਗ ਸੋਧ: ਹਵਾਲੇ"><span>ਸੋਧੋ</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r636460">.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%;margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-LinuxOnLine2008-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-LinuxOnLine2008_1-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r765793">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFLinux_Online2008" class="citation web cs1">Linux Online (2008). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20100815085106/http://www.linux.org/info/logos.html">"Linux Logos and Mascots"</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.linux.org/info/logos.html">the original</a> on ਅਗਸਤ 15, 2010<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">August 11,</span> 2009</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Linux+Logos+and+Mascots&rft.date=2008&rft.au=Linux+Online&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.linux.org%2Finfo%2Flogos.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fpa.wikipedia.org%3A%E0%A8%B2%E0%A8%BF%E0%A8%A8%E0%A8%85%E0%A8%95%E0%A8%B8" class="Z3988"></span> <span class="cs1-visible-error citation-comment"><code class="cs1-code">{{<a href="/wiki/%E0%A8%AB%E0%A8%B0%E0%A8%AE%E0%A8%BE:Cite_web" title="ਫਰਮਾ:Cite web">cite web</a>}}</code>: </span><span class="cs1-visible-error citation-comment">Unknown parameter <code class="cs1-code">|dead-url=</code> ignored (<code class="cs1-code">|url-status=</code> suggested) (<a href="/wiki/%E0%A8%AE%E0%A8%A6%E0%A8%A6:CS1_errors#parameter_ignored_suggest" title="ਮਦਦ:CS1 errors">help</a>)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-2">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.kernel.org/category/faq.html">Is Linux Kernel Free Software?</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-US_trademark-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-US_trademark_3-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r765793"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://assignments.uspto.gov/assignments/q?db=tm&rno=1916230">"U.S. Reg No: 1916230"</a>. United States Patent and Trademark Office<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">April 1,</span> 2006</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=U.S.+Reg+No%3A+1916230&rft.pub=United+States+Patent+and+Trademark+Office&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fassignments.uspto.gov%2Fassignments%2Fq%3Fdb%3Dtm%26rno%3D1916230&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fpa.wikipedia.org%3A%E0%A8%B2%E0%A8%BF%E0%A8%A8%E0%A8%85%E0%A8%95%E0%A8%B8" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-pronunciation-1-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-pronunciation-1_4-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%A8%AB%E0%A8%B0%E0%A8%AE%E0%A8%BE:Cite_newsgroup&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="ਫਰਮਾ:Cite newsgroup (ਸਫ਼ਾ ਮੌਜੂਦ ਨਹੀਂ ਹੈ)">ਫਰਮਾ:Cite newsgroup</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Foldoc09Jun06-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">↑ <sup><a href="#cite_ref-Foldoc09Jun06_5-0">5.0</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-Foldoc09Jun06_5-1">5.1</a></sup></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r765793"><cite id="CITEREFFree_On-Line_Dictionary_of_Computing2006" class="citation web cs1">Free On-Line Dictionary of Computing (ਜੂਨ 2006). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://foldoc.org/linux">"Linux"</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved 15 ਸਿਤੰਬਰ 2009</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Linux&rft.date=2006-06&rft.au=Free+On-Line+Dictionary+of+Computing&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Ffoldoc.org%2Flinux&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fpa.wikipedia.org%3A%E0%A8%B2%E0%A8%BF%E0%A8%A8%E0%A8%85%E0%A8%95%E0%A8%B8" class="Z3988"></span> <span class="cs1-visible-error citation-comment"><code class="cs1-code">{{<a href="/wiki/%E0%A8%AB%E0%A8%B0%E0%A8%AE%E0%A8%BE:Cite_web" title="ਫਰਮਾ:Cite web">cite web</a>}}</code>: </span><span class="cs1-visible-error citation-comment">Check date values in: <code class="cs1-code">|accessdate=</code> (<a href="/wiki/%E0%A8%AE%E0%A8%A6%E0%A8%A6:CS1_errors#bad_date" title="ਮਦਦ:CS1 errors">help</a>)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-pronunciation-2-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-pronunciation-2_6-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r765793"><cite id="CITEREFSafalra2007" class="citation web cs1">Safalra (14 ਅਪਰੈਲ 2007). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://safalra.com/science/linguistics/linux-pronunciation">"Pronunciation of 'Linux'<span class="cs1-kern-right"></span>"</a>. <i>Safalra's Website</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved 15 ਸਿਤੰਬਰ 2009</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Safalra%27s+Website&rft.atitle=Pronunciation+of+%27Linux%27&rft.date=2007-04-14&rft.au=Safalra&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fsafalra.com%2Fscience%2Flinguistics%2Flinux-pronunciation&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fpa.wikipedia.org%3A%E0%A8%B2%E0%A8%BF%E0%A8%A8%E0%A8%85%E0%A8%95%E0%A8%B8" class="Z3988"></span> <span class="cs1-visible-error citation-comment"><code class="cs1-code">{{<a href="/wiki/%E0%A8%AB%E0%A8%B0%E0%A8%AE%E0%A8%BE:Cite_web" title="ਫਰਮਾ:Cite web">cite web</a>}}</code>: </span><span class="cs1-visible-error citation-comment">Check date values in: <code class="cs1-code">|accessdate=</code> (<a href="/wiki/%E0%A8%AE%E0%A8%A6%E0%A8%A6:CS1_errors#bad_date" title="ਮਦਦ:CS1 errors">help</a>)</span><sup class="noprint Inline-Template"><span style="white-space: nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/%E0%A8%B5%E0%A8%BF%E0%A8%95%E0%A9%80%E0%A8%AA%E0%A9%80%E0%A8%A1%E0%A9%80%E0%A8%86:Link_rot" title="ਵਿਕੀਪੀਡੀਆ:Link rot"><span title=" Dead link tagged ਜੁਲਾਈ 2024">permanent dead link</span></a></i>]</span></sup></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <ul><li>ਰਜੀਬ ਹਸਨ, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://netfiles.uiuc.edu/rhasan/linux">ਲਿਨਅਕਸ ਦਾ ਇਤਿਹਾਸ</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20060910125820/https://netfiles.uiuc.edu/rhasan/linux/">Archived</a> 2006-09-10 at the <a href="/w/index.php?title=Wayback_Machine&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Wayback Machine (ਸਫ਼ਾ ਮੌਜੂਦ ਨਹੀਂ ਹੈ)">Wayback Machine</a>. (2002), ਕੰਪਿਊਟਰ ਸਾਇੰਸ ਡਿਪਾਰਟਮੈਂਟ, ਇਲੀਨਵਾ ਯੂਨਿਵਰਸਿਟੀ (ਮੁਰਦਾ ਕੜੀ)</li></ul>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">"<a dir="ltr" href="https://pa.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=ਲਿਨਅਕਸ&oldid=764290">https://pa.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=ਲਿਨਅਕਸ&oldid=764290</a>" ਤੋਂ ਲਿਆ</div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface"><div id="mw-normal-catlinks" class="mw-normal-catlinks"><a href="/wiki/%E0%A8%96%E0%A8%BC%E0%A8%BE%E0%A8%B8:%E0%A8%B8%E0%A8%BC%E0%A9%8D%E0%A8%B0%E0%A9%87%E0%A8%A3%E0%A9%80%E0%A8%86%E0%A8%82" title="ਖ਼ਾਸ:ਸ਼੍ਰੇਣੀਆਂ">ਸ਼੍ਰੇਣੀਆਂ</a>: <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%A8%B8%E0%A8%BC%E0%A9%8D%E0%A8%B0%E0%A9%87%E0%A8%A3%E0%A9%80:CS1_errors:_unsupported_parameter&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="ਸ਼੍ਰੇਣੀ:CS1 errors: unsupported parameter (ਸਫ਼ਾ ਮੌਜੂਦ ਨਹੀਂ ਹੈ)">CS1 errors: unsupported parameter</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/%E0%A8%B8%E0%A8%BC%E0%A9%8D%E0%A8%B0%E0%A9%87%E0%A8%A3%E0%A9%80:CS1_errors:_dates" title="ਸ਼੍ਰੇਣੀ:CS1 errors: dates">CS1 errors: dates</a></li><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%A8%B8%E0%A8%BC%E0%A9%8D%E0%A8%B0%E0%A9%87%E0%A8%A3%E0%A9%80:Articles_with_dead_external_links_from_%E0%A8%9C%E0%A9%81%E0%A8%B2%E0%A8%BE%E0%A8%88_2024&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="ਸ਼੍ਰੇਣੀ:Articles with dead external links from ਜੁਲਾਈ 2024 (ਸਫ਼ਾ ਮੌਜੂਦ ਨਹੀਂ ਹੈ)">Articles with dead external links from ਜੁਲਾਈ 2024</a></li><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%A8%B8%E0%A8%BC%E0%A9%8D%E0%A8%B0%E0%A9%87%E0%A8%A3%E0%A9%80:Pages_using_infobox_OS_with_unknown_parameters&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="ਸ਼੍ਰੇਣੀ:Pages using infobox OS with unknown parameters (ਸਫ਼ਾ ਮੌਜੂਦ ਨਹੀਂ ਹੈ)">Pages using infobox OS with unknown parameters</a></li><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%A8%B8%E0%A8%BC%E0%A9%8D%E0%A8%B0%E0%A9%87%E0%A8%A3%E0%A9%80:Pages_including_recorded_pronunciations&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="ਸ਼੍ਰੇਣੀ:Pages including recorded pronunciations (ਸਫ਼ਾ ਮੌਜੂਦ ਨਹੀਂ ਹੈ)">Pages including recorded pronunciations</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/%E0%A8%B8%E0%A8%BC%E0%A9%8D%E0%A8%B0%E0%A9%87%E0%A8%A3%E0%A9%80:%E0%A8%86%E0%A8%AA%E0%A8%B0%E0%A9%87%E0%A8%9F%E0%A8%BF%E0%A9%B0%E0%A8%97_%E0%A8%B8%E0%A8%BF%E0%A8%B8%E0%A8%9F%E0%A8%AE" title="ਸ਼੍ਰੇਣੀ:ਆਪਰੇਟਿੰਗ ਸਿਸਟਮ">ਆਪਰੇਟਿੰਗ ਸਿਸਟਮ</a></li></ul></div><div id="mw-hidden-catlinks" class="mw-hidden-catlinks mw-hidden-cats-hidden">ਲੁਕਵੀਂਆਂ ਸ਼੍ਰੇਣੀਆਂ: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E0%A8%B8%E0%A8%BC%E0%A9%8D%E0%A8%B0%E0%A9%87%E0%A8%A3%E0%A9%80:Pages_using_the_JsonConfig_extension" title="ਸ਼੍ਰੇਣੀ:Pages using the JsonConfig extension">Pages using the JsonConfig extension</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/%E0%A8%B8%E0%A8%BC%E0%A9%8D%E0%A8%B0%E0%A9%87%E0%A8%A3%E0%A9%80:%E0%A8%AE%E0%A9%81%E0%A8%B0%E0%A8%A6%E0%A8%BE_%E0%A8%AC%E0%A8%BE%E0%A8%B9%E0%A8%B0%E0%A9%80_%E0%A8%95%E0%A9%9C%E0%A9%80%E0%A8%86%E0%A8%82_%E0%A8%B5%E0%A8%BE%E0%A8%B2%E0%A9%87_%E0%A8%B8%E0%A8%BE%E0%A8%B0%E0%A9%87_%E0%A8%B2%E0%A9%87%E0%A8%96" title="ਸ਼੍ਰੇਣੀ:ਮੁਰਦਾ ਬਾਹਰੀ ਕੜੀਆਂ ਵਾਲੇ ਸਾਰੇ ਲੇਖ">ਮੁਰਦਾ ਬਾਹਰੀ ਕੜੀਆਂ ਵਾਲੇ ਸਾਰੇ ਲੇਖ</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/%E0%A8%B8%E0%A8%BC%E0%A9%8D%E0%A8%B0%E0%A9%87%E0%A8%A3%E0%A9%80:%E0%A8%AB%E0%A8%B0%E0%A8%AE%E0%A9%87_%E0%A8%B5%E0%A8%BF%E0%A9%B1%E0%A8%9A_%E0%A8%97%E0%A8%B2%E0%A8%A4_%E0%A8%AE%E0%A8%BF%E0%A8%A4%E0%A9%80_%E0%A8%AA%E0%A9%88%E0%A8%B0%E0%A8%BE%E0%A8%AE%E0%A9%80%E0%A8%9F%E0%A8%B0_%E0%A8%B5%E0%A8%BE%E0%A8%B2%E0%A9%87_%E0%A8%B2%E0%A9%87%E0%A8%96" title="ਸ਼੍ਰੇਣੀ:ਫਰਮੇ ਵਿੱਚ ਗਲਤ ਮਿਤੀ ਪੈਰਾਮੀਟਰ ਵਾਲੇ ਲੇਖ">ਫਰਮੇ ਵਿੱਚ ਗਲਤ ਮਿਤੀ ਪੈਰਾਮੀਟਰ ਵਾਲੇ ਲੇਖ</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/%E0%A8%B8%E0%A8%BC%E0%A9%8D%E0%A8%B0%E0%A9%87%E0%A8%A3%E0%A9%80:%E0%A8%B8%E0%A8%A5%E0%A8%BE%E0%A8%88_%E0%A8%A4%E0%A9%8C%E0%A8%B0_%27%E0%A8%A4%E0%A9%87_%E0%A8%AE%E0%A9%81%E0%A8%B0%E0%A8%A6%E0%A8%BE_%E0%A8%AC%E0%A8%BE%E0%A8%B9%E0%A8%B0%E0%A9%80_%E0%A8%95%E0%A9%9C%E0%A9%80%E0%A8%86%E0%A8%82_%E0%A8%B5%E0%A8%BE%E0%A8%B2%E0%A9%87_%E0%A8%B2%E0%A9%87%E0%A8%96" title="ਸ਼੍ਰੇਣੀ:ਸਥਾਈ ਤੌਰ 'ਤੇ ਮੁਰਦਾ ਬਾਹਰੀ ਕੜੀਆਂ ਵਾਲੇ ਲੇਖ">ਸਥਾਈ ਤੌਰ 'ਤੇ ਮੁਰਦਾ ਬਾਹਰੀ ਕੜੀਆਂ ਵਾਲੇ ਲੇਖ</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/%E0%A8%B8%E0%A8%BC%E0%A9%8D%E0%A8%B0%E0%A9%87%E0%A8%A3%E0%A9%80:Webarchive_template_wayback_links" title="ਸ਼੍ਰੇਣੀ:Webarchive template wayback links">Webarchive template wayback links</a></li></ul></div></div> </div> </main> </div> <div class="mw-footer-container"> <footer id="footer" class="mw-footer" > <ul id="footer-info"> <li id="footer-info-lastmod"> ਇਸ ਸਫ਼ੇ ਵਿੱਚ ਆਖ਼ਰੀ ਸੋਧ 30 ਜੁਲਾਈ 2024 ਨੂੰ 05:54 ਵਜੇ ਹੋਈ।</li> <li id="footer-info-copyright">ਇਹ ਲਿਖਤ <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/">Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License 4.0</a> ਦੇ ਤਹਿਤ ਉਪਲਬਧ ਹੈ; ਵਾਧੂ ਸ਼ਰਤਾਂ ਲਾਗੂ ਹੋ ਸਕਦੀਆਂ ਹਨ। ਇਸ ਸਾਈਟ ਨੂੰ ਵਰਤਣ ਨਾਲ, ਤੁਸੀਂ ਇਸਦੀਆਂ <a class="external text" href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Terms_of_Use">ਵਰਤਣ ਦੀਆਂ ਸ਼ਰਤਾਂ</a> ਅਤੇ <a class="external text" href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Privacy_policy">Privacy Policy</a> ਨਾਲ ਸਹਿਮਤ ਹੁੰਦੇ ਹੋ। Wikipedia® ਮੁਨਾਫ਼ਾ ਨਾ ਕਮਾਉਣ ਵਾਲ਼ੀ <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://wikimediafoundation.org/">ਵਿਕੀਮੀਡੀਆ ਸੰਸਥਾ, ਇੰਕ.</a> ਦਾ ਰਜਿਸਟ੍ਰਡ ਟ੍ਰੇਡਮਾਰਕ ਹੈ।</li> </ul> <ul id="footer-places"> <li id="footer-places-privacy"><a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Privacy_policy">ਪਰਦਾ ਨੀਤੀ</a></li> <li id="footer-places-about"><a href="/wiki/%E0%A8%B5%E0%A8%BF%E0%A8%95%E0%A9%80%E0%A8%AA%E0%A9%80%E0%A8%A1%E0%A9%80%E0%A8%86:%E0%A8%AC%E0%A8%BE%E0%A8%B0%E0%A9%87">ਵਿਕੀਪੀਡੀਆ ਬਾਰੇ</a></li> <li id="footer-places-disclaimers"><a href="/wiki/%E0%A8%B5%E0%A8%BF%E0%A8%95%E0%A9%80%E0%A8%AA%E0%A9%80%E0%A8%A1%E0%A9%80%E0%A8%86:%E0%A8%86%E0%A8%AE_%E0%A8%A6%E0%A8%BE%E0%A8%85%E0%A8%B5%E0%A9%87">ਦਾਅਵੇ</a></li> <li id="footer-places-wm-codeofconduct"><a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Universal_Code_of_Conduct">ਆਚਾਰ ਜ਼ਾਬਤਾ</a></li> <li id="footer-places-developers"><a href="https://developer.wikimedia.org">ਵਿਕਾਸਕਾਰ</a></li> <li id="footer-places-statslink"><a href="https://stats.wikimedia.org/#/pa.wikipedia.org">ਅੰਕੜੇ</a></li> <li id="footer-places-cookiestatement"><a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Cookie_statement">ਕੂਕੀ ਤਫਸੀਲਾਂ</a></li> <li id="footer-places-mobileview"><a href="//pa.m.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=%E0%A8%B2%E0%A8%BF%E0%A8%A8%E0%A8%85%E0%A8%95%E0%A8%B8&mobileaction=toggle_view_mobile" class="noprint stopMobileRedirectToggle">ਮੋਬਾਈਲੀ ਦਿੱਖ</a></li> </ul> <ul id="footer-icons" class="noprint"> <li id="footer-copyrightico"><a href="https://wikimediafoundation.org/" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button--enabled"><img src="/static/images/footer/wikimedia-button.svg" width="84" height="29" alt="Wikimedia Foundation" loading="lazy"></a></li> <li id="footer-poweredbyico"><a href="https://www.mediawiki.org/" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button--enabled"><img src="/w/resources/assets/poweredby_mediawiki.svg" alt="Powered by MediaWiki" width="88" height="31" loading="lazy"></a></li> </ul> </footer> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-settings" id="p-dock-bottom"> <ul></ul> </div><script>(RLQ=window.RLQ||[]).push(function(){mw.config.set({"wgHostname":"mw-web.codfw.main-7dfb9d98f5-n5sk9","wgBackendResponseTime":170,"wgPageParseReport":{"limitreport":{"cputime":"0.310","walltime":"0.509","ppvisitednodes":{"value":1443,"limit":1000000},"postexpandincludesize":{"value":39892,"limit":2097152},"templateargumentsize":{"value":4107,"limit":2097152},"expansiondepth":{"value":21,"limit":100},"expensivefunctioncount":{"value":4,"limit":500},"unstrip-depth":{"value":1,"limit":20},"unstrip-size":{"value":18187,"limit":5000000},"entityaccesscount":{"value":1,"limit":400},"timingprofile":["100.00% 361.068 1 -total"," 43.35% 156.539 1 ਫਰਮਾ:ਹਵਾਲੇ"," 34.09% 123.080 1 ਫਰਮਾ:Infobox_OS"," 31.44% 113.513 4 ਫਰਮਾ:Cite_web"," 28.24% 101.972 1 ਫਰਮਾ:Infobox"," 12.18% 43.996 2 ਫਰਮਾ:IPAc-en"," 7.03% 25.401 2 ਫਰਮਾ:Respell"," 4.85% 17.512 2 ਫਰਮਾ:Smallcaps_all"," 4.33% 15.652 1 ਫਰਮਾ:ਮੁਰਦਾ_ਕੜੀ"," 3.89% 14.047 2 ਫਰਮਾ:Smallcaps"]},"scribunto":{"limitreport-timeusage":{"value":"0.143","limit":"10.000"},"limitreport-memusage":{"value":4243940,"limit":52428800}},"cachereport":{"origin":"mw-web.codfw.main-75bcdb9b47-gwvqh","timestamp":"20241101104940","ttl":2553031,"transientcontent":true}}});});</script> <script type="application/ld+json">{"@context":"https:\/\/schema.org","@type":"Article","name":"\u0a32\u0a3f\u0a28\u0a05\u0a15\u0a38","url":"https:\/\/pa.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%E0%A8%B2%E0%A8%BF%E0%A8%A8%E0%A8%85%E0%A8%95%E0%A8%B8","sameAs":"http:\/\/www.wikidata.org\/entity\/Q388","mainEntity":"http:\/\/www.wikidata.org\/entity\/Q388","author":{"@type":"Organization","name":"Contributors to Wikimedia projects"},"publisher":{"@type":"Organization","name":"Wikimedia Foundation, Inc.","logo":{"@type":"ImageObject","url":"https:\/\/www.wikimedia.org\/static\/images\/wmf-hor-googpub.png"}},"datePublished":"2012-10-06T05:23:07Z","dateModified":"2024-07-30T05:54:37Z","image":"https:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/3\/35\/Tux.svg"}</script> </body> </html>