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href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Escultura_social" title="Escultura social – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Escultura social" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sculpture_sociale" title="Sculpture sociale – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Sculpture sociale" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E7%A4%BE%E4%BC%9A%E5%BD%AB%E5%88%BB" title="社会彫刻 – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="社会彫刻" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sosial_skulptur" title="Sosial skulptur – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Sosial skulptur" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%94%D1%80%D1%83%D1%88%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D1%81%D0%BA%D1%83%D0%BB%D0%BF%D1%82%D1%83%D1%80%D0%B0" title="Друштвена скулптура – Serbian" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Друштвена скулптура" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Serbian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Social_skulptur" title="Social skulptur – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Social skulptur" data-language-autonym="Svenska" 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sidebar</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.unpin">hide</button> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div id="bodyContent" class="vector-body" aria-labelledby="firstHeading" data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><p><b>Social sculpture</b> is a phrase used to describe an expanded concept of <a href="/wiki/Art" title="Art">art</a> that was invented by the artist and founding member of the <a href="/wiki/German_Green_Party" class="mw-redirect" title="German Green Party">German Green Party</a>, <a href="/wiki/Joseph_Beuys" title="Joseph Beuys">Joseph Beuys</a>. Beuys created the term "social sculpture" to embody his understanding of art's potential to transform society. As a work of art, a social sculpture includes human activity that strives to structure and shape society or the environment. The central idea of a social sculptor is an artist who creates structures in society using language, thoughts, actions, and objects. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Concept">Concept</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Social_sculpture&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Concept"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:7thousand_oaks.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/78/7thousand_oaks.jpg/200px-7thousand_oaks.jpg" decoding="async" width="200" height="314" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/7/78/7thousand_oaks.jpg 1.5x" data-file-width="287" data-file-height="451" /></a><figcaption>Some of the <a href="/wiki/7000_Oaks" title="7000 Oaks">7,000 Oaks</a> planted between 1982 and 1987 for Documenta 7 (1982)</figcaption></figure> <p>During the 1960s, Beuys formulated his central theoretical concepts concerning the social, cultural and political function and potential of art. Indebted to Romantic writers such as <a href="/wiki/Novalis" title="Novalis">Novalis</a> and <a href="/wiki/Friedrich_Schiller" title="Friedrich Schiller">Schiller</a>, Beuys was motivated by a utopian belief in the power of universal human creativity and was confident in the potential for art to bring about revolutionary change. These ideas were founded in the social ideas of <a href="/wiki/Anthroposophy" title="Anthroposophy">anthroposophy</a> and the work of <a href="/wiki/Rudolf_Steiner" title="Rudolf Steiner">Rudolf Steiner</a>, of which he was a vigorous and original proponent. This translated into Beuys' formulation of the concept of social sculpture, in which society as a whole was to be regarded as one great work of art (the Wagnerian Gesamtkunstwerk) to which each person can contribute creatively (perhaps Beuys' most famous phrase, borrowed from Novalis, is "Everyone is an artist"). In the video "Willoughby SHARP,<i> Joseph Beuys, Public Dialogues</i> (1974/120 min)", a record of Beuys' first major public discussion in the U.S., Beuys elaborates three principles: Freedom, Democracy, and Socialism, saying that each of them depends on the other two in order to be meaningful. In 1973, Beuys wrote: </p> <dl><dd><i>"Only on condition of a radical widening of definitions will it be possible for art and activities related to art [to] provide evidence that art is now the only evolutionary-revolutionary power. Only art is capable of dismantling the repressive effects of a senile social system that continues to totter along the deathline: to dismantle in order to build ‘A SOCIAL ORGANISM AS A WORK OF ART’… EVERY HUMAN BEING IS AN ARTIST who – from his state of freedom – the position of freedom that he experiences at first-hand – learns to determine the other positions of the TOTAL ART WORK OF THE FUTURE SOCIAL ORDER."</i><sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></dd></dl> <p>In 1982, he was invited to create a work for <a href="/wiki/Documenta" title="Documenta">Documenta</a> 7. He delivered a large pile of basalt stones. From above, one could see that the pile of stones was a large arrow pointing to a single oak tree that he had planted. He announced that the stones should not be moved unless an oak tree was planted in the new location of the stone. <a href="/wiki/7000_Oaks" title="7000 Oaks">7,000 oak trees</a> were then planted in Kassel, Germany.<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> This project exemplified the idea that a social sculpture was defined as interdisciplinary and participatory. </p><p>In 1991, "<a href="/wiki/The_Thing_(art_project)" title="The Thing (art project)">The Thing</a>" took its inspiration from the concept of social sculpture. </p><p>Since 1994, the <a href="/w/index.php?title=Stela_for_Tolerance&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Stela for Tolerance (page does not exist)">Stela for Tolerance</a> is one of the biggest projects worldwide following the concept of social sculpture. </p><p>In 2007, at <a href="/wiki/Documenta" title="Documenta">Documenta 12</a>, Kirill Preobrazhenskiy created work "Tram 4 Inner Voice Radio". His work was compared by critics with Beuys' oaks.<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Organization_for_direct_democracy_through_plebiscite">Organization for direct democracy through plebiscite</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Social_sculpture&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Organization for direct democracy through plebiscite"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The "Organization for direct democracy through plebiscite" was founded by the artists Joseph Beuys, Johannes Stüttgen and Karl Fastabend on June 19, 1971 in Düsseldorf as a political organization. The goal was influencing social patterns with implementing Beuys' concept of the extended notion of art and the social sculpture via political means. Today,<sup class="noprint Inline-Template" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Dates_and_numbers#Chronological_items" title="Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Dates and numbers"><span title="The time period mentioned near this tag is ambiguous. (January 2016)">when?</span></a></i>]</sup> Johannes Stüttgen spread the idea for direct democracy with the project "Omnibus".<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Individuality">Individuality</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Social_sculpture&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Individuality"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Beuys believed everybody was an artist. He once said "every sphere of human activity, even peeling a potato can be a work of art as long as it is a conscious act," suggesting that every decision should be thought out and attempt to make or contribute to a work of art which in the end is society. Individuality and well-educated decisions are promoted in the person while the government is made of those decisions put into referendums. This point of view invites followers to humble themselves by realizing that they are an important part of a whole not only an individual.<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Social_sculpture&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/ART/MEDIA" title="ART/MEDIA">ART/MEDIA</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Classificatory_disputes_about_art" title="Classificatory disputes about art">Classificatory disputes about art</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Conceptual_architecture" title="Conceptual architecture">Conceptual architecture</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Contemporary_art" title="Contemporary art">Contemporary art</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Experiments_in_Art_and_Technology" title="Experiments in Art and Technology">Experiments in Art and Technology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Information_art" title="Information art">Information art</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Installation_art" title="Installation art">Installation art</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Social_threefolding" title="Social threefolding">Social threefolding</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Systems_art" title="Systems art">Systems art</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Sources">Sources</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Social_sculpture&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Sources"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Soziale_Plastik" class="extiw" title="de:Soziale Plastik">Soziale Plastik</a> (German) </p> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.artnet.com/library/03/0317/T031798.ASP">Artnet.com, Gesamtkunstwerk Definition </a></li> <li><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFErmen2007" class="citation book cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Ermen, Reinhard (2007). <i>Joseph Beuys</i> (in German). Reinbek near Hamburg: Rowohlt. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-3-499-50623-9" title="Special:BookSources/978-3-499-50623-9"><bdi>978-3-499-50623-9</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Joseph+Beuys&rft.place=Reinbek+near+Hamburg&rft.pub=Rowohlt&rft.date=2007&rft.isbn=978-3-499-50623-9&rft.aulast=Ermen&rft.aufirst=Reinhard&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASocial+sculpture" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li>www.social-sculpture.org</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Social_sculpture&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Beuys statement dated 1973, first published in English in Caroline Tisdall: Art into Society, Society into Art (ICA, London, 1974), p.48. Capitals in original.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Reames, <i>Arborsculpture: Solutions for a Small Planet</i>, 2005 p.42 <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-9647280-8-7" title="Special:BookSources/0-9647280-8-7">0-9647280-8-7</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.spiegel.de/international/germany/0,1518,488870,00.html">Spiegel</a>: Some of the art at this year's Documenta has escaped the confines of the exhibition halls and intervened in Kassel's public spaces -- like Kirill Preobrazhenskiy's "Tram 4 Inner Voice Radio," a sound installation played on a busy public transportation route. This strategy has been tried before, though. From 1982 through 1987, Joseph Beuys came to Kassel and planted 7,000 trees alongside slabs of stone as part of an installation called "7,000 Oaks," for Documenta 7. Visitors still snap photos of the trees, which have become an internationally renowned work of art. Kassel residents rarely take a second glance.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160304033330/http://www.omnibus.org/fileadmin/omnibus.org/PDF/Sonstiges/4_Seiter_2008_engl_web.pdf">"Archived copy"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.omnibus.org/fileadmin/omnibus.org/PDF/Sonstiges/4_Seiter_2008_engl_web.pdf">the original</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> on 2016-03-04<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2012-03-19</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Archived+copy&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.omnibus.org%2Ffileadmin%2Fomnibus.org%2FPDF%2FSonstiges%2F4_Seiter_2008_engl_web.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASocial+sculpture" class="Z3988"></span><span class="cs1-maint citation-comment"><code class="cs1-code">{{<a href="/wiki/Template:Cite_web" title="Template:Cite web">cite web</a>}}</code>: CS1 maint: archived copy as title (<a href="/wiki/Category:CS1_maint:_archived_copy_as_title" title="Category:CS1 maint: archived copy as title">link</a>)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Weintraub, Danto, Mcevilley. Art On The Edge And Over, "Political Reformation: Joseph Beuys." 1996</span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Further_reading">Further reading</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Social_sculpture&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Further reading"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>Adams, David: "Joseph Beuys: Pioneer of a Radical Ecology," Art Journal, vol. 51, no. 2 Summer 1992. 26-34; also published in The Social Artist vol. 2,no. 1 Spring 2014: 3-13.</li> <li>Adams, David: "From Queen Bee to Social Sculpture: The Artistic Alchemy of Joseph Beuys," Afterword in Rudolf Steiner, Bees. Hudson,N.Y.: Anthroposophic Press, 1998, pp. 187–213.(<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-88010-457-0" title="Special:BookSources/0-88010-457-0">0-88010-457-0</a>)</li> <li>Adams, David: "Joseph Beuys on Art as the Sole Revolutionary Force," The Social Artist vol. 2, no. 2 Summer 2014: 33-34.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Adriani,_G%C3%B6tz" class="mw-redirect" title="Adriani, Götz">Adriani, Götz</a>, Winfried Konnertz, and Karin Thomas: Joseph Beuys: Life and Works. Trans. Patricia Lech. Woodbury, N.Y.: Barron’s Educational Series, 1979.</li> <li>Bastian, Heiner: Joseph Beuys: The secret block for a secret person in Ireland. Text by Dieter Koepplin. Munich: Schirmer/Mosel, 1988.</li> <li>Borer, Alain. The Essential Joseph Beuys. London: Thames and Hudson, 1996.</li> <li>Buchloh, Benjamin H.D.: 'Beuys: The Twilight of the Idol,' Artforum, vol.5, no.18 (January 1980), pp. 35–43.</li> <li>Buchloh, Benjamin H.D., Krauss, Rosalind, Michelson, Annette: ‘Joseph Beuys at the Guggenheim,’ in: October, 12 (Spring 1980), pp 3–21</li> <li>De Duve, Thierry: Kant After Duchamp, Cambridge (Mass.): MIT Press, 1996.</li> <li>Murken, Axel Hinrich: <i>Joseph Beuys und die Medizin</i>. F. Coppenrath, 1979. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/3-920192-81-8" title="Special:BookSources/3-920192-81-8">3-920192-81-8</a></li> <li>Oman Hiltrud: "Joseph Beuys. Die Kunst auf dem Weg zum Leben." München, Heyne (1998) <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/3-453-14135-0" title="Special:BookSources/3-453-14135-0">3-453-14135-0</a></li> <li>Potts, Alex: 'Tactility: The Interrogation of Medium in the Art of the 1960s,' Art History, Vol.27, No.2 April 2004. 282-304.</li> <li>Ray, Gene (ed.): Joseph Beuys, Mapping the Legacy. New York and Sarasota: <a href="/wiki/Distributed_Art_Publishers" title="Distributed Art Publishers">Distributed Art Publishers</a>, 2001.</li> <li>Rosenthal, Mark: Joseph Beuys: Actions, Vitrines, Environments, London: Tate, 2005</li> <li>Sacks, Shelley: 'Social Sculpture and New Organs of Perception: New practices and new pedagogy for a humane and ecologically viable future'. Book chapter in Lerm-Hayes (Ed.) <i>Beuysian Legacies in Ireland and Beyond</i>. European Studies in Culture and Policy; L.I.T. 2011 pgs. 80-98 <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-3-8258-0761-0" title="Special:BookSources/978-3-8258-0761-0">978-3-8258-0761-0</a> English only</li> <li>Sacks, Shelley & Zumdick, Wolfgang : <i>ATLAS of the Poetic Continent:</i> <i>Pathways to Ecological Citizenship</i>, Temple Lodge 2013. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1906999568" title="Special:BookSources/978-1906999568">978-1906999568</a></li> <li>Sacks, Shelley & Kurt, Hildegard: <i>Die rote Blume. Ästhetische Praxis in Zeiten des Wandels</i>, Klein Jasedow 2013 (thinkOya), <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-3927369771" title="Special:BookSources/978-3927369771">978-3927369771</a></li> <li>Schneede, Uwe M. Joseph Beuys <i>Die Aktionen</i>. Gerd Hatje, 1998. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/3-7757-0450-7" title="Special:BookSources/3-7757-0450-7">3-7757-0450-7</a></li> <li>Stachelhaus, Heiner. Joseph Beuys. New York: Abbeville Press, 1991.</li> <li>Temkin, Ann, and Bernice Rose. Thinking is Form: The Drawings of Joseph Beuys (exh. cat., Philadelphia Museum of Art). New York: Thames and Hudson, 1993.</li> <li>Tisdall, Caroline: Joseph Beuys, New York: Guggenheim Museum, 1979.</li> <li>Hasecke, Jan Ulrich: Soziale Plastik. Die Kunst der Allmende: ein Essay zum 30. Todestag von Joseph Beuys, Solingen, 2016, <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-5234-5876-9" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-5234-5876-9">978-1-5234-5876-9</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Social_sculpture&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1235681985">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #aaa;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em;background-color:var(--background-color-interactive-subtle,#f8f9fa);display:flow-root}.mw-parser-output .side-box-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{padding:0.25em 0.9em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-image{padding:2px 0 2px 0.9em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-imageright{padding:2px 0.9em 2px 0;text-align:center}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .side-box-flex{display:flex;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{flex:1;min-width:0}}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .side-box{width:238px}.mw-parser-output .side-box-right{clear:right;float:right;margin-left:1em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-left{margin-right:1em}}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1237033735">@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox{display:none!important}}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}</style><div class="side-box side-box-right plainlinks sistersitebox"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1126788409">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikiquote-logo.svg/34px-Wikiquote-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="34" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikiquote-logo.svg/51px-Wikiquote-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikiquote-logo.svg/68px-Wikiquote-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="355" /></span></span></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist">Wikiquote has quotations related to <i><b><a href="https://en.wikiquote.org/wiki/Special:Search/Social_sculpture" class="extiw" title="q:Special:Search/Social sculpture">Social sculpture</a></b></i>.</div></div> </div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1235681985"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1237033735"><div class="side-box side-box-right plainlinks sistersitebox"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/30px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="30" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/45px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/59px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></span></span></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist">Wikimedia Commons has media related to <a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Joseph_Beuys" class="extiw" title="commons:Joseph Beuys"><span style="font-style:italic; font-weight:bold;">Joseph Beuys</span></a>.</div></div> </div> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFShellekens" class="citation encyclopaedia cs1">Shellekens, Elisabet. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://plato.stanford.edu/entries/conceptual-art/">"Conceptual Art"</a>. In <a href="/wiki/Edward_N._Zalta" title="Edward N. Zalta">Zalta, Edward N.</a> (ed.). <i><a href="/wiki/Stanford_Encyclopedia_of_Philosophy" title="Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy">Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy</a></i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Conceptual+Art&rft.btitle=Stanford+Encyclopedia+of+Philosophy&rft.aulast=Shellekens&rft.aufirst=Elisabet&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fplato.stanford.edu%2Fentries%2Fconceptual-art%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASocial+sculpture" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ddooss.org/articulos/idiomas/Sol_Lewitt.htm">Sol LeWitt, "Paragraphs on Conceptual Art"</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20080828033206/http://www.art.dostweb.com/">Conceptualism</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.fiu-verlag.com/">FIU-Verlag: The editor of the Free International University (FIU) and events</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20100315141216/http://www.beuys.org/">The Beuys Homepage by "Free International University"(FIU)</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20090722175316/http://www.diacenter.org/ltproj/7000/">Details of the 7000 oaks project</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ubu.com/sound/beuys.html">Joseph Beuys Music on Ubuweb</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20100807040640/http://www.walkerart.org/archive/0/9E43A9C48839AFC46164.htm">Walker Art Information Center</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.walkerart.org/archive/4/9C43FDAD069C47F36167.htm">Articles about Beuys</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20070311101755/http://www.telegraph.co.uk/core/Slideshow/slideshowContentFrameFrag.jhtml?xml=/arts/2005/01/31/beuys/beuys.xml">Picture gallery</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.social-sculpture.org/">The Social Sculpture Research Unit</a> (Contemporary Social Sculpture)</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://design.walkerart.org/tree/">The Urban Forest Project (Our Tree)</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external autonumber" href="http://www.tate.org.uk/learn/online-resources/value-art-joseph-beuys-gallery-activity">[1]</a> introductory worksheets for use with kids and groups based on the works at Tate Modern</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.margencero.com/articulos/new/joseph_beuys.html">Joseph Beuys Every man is an artist; Documenta Kassel (in Spanish)</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.artinfo24.com/kuenstler-verzeichnis.php?id=55">Joseph Beuys news and exhibition</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.margencero.com/articulos/new/joseph_beuys.html">Joseph Beuys; Every man is an artist (in Spanish)</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ubu.com/sound/tellus_21.html">Audio of Joseph Beuys "Ja Ja Ja Ne Ne Ne", 1970, Mazzotta Editions, Milan, 33 rpm (excerpt 2:00)</a> published on the <a href="/wiki/Tellus_Audio_Cassette_Magazine" title="Tellus Audio Cassette Magazine">Tellus Audio Cassette Magazine</a> @ <a href="/wiki/Ubuweb" class="mw-redirect" title="Ubuweb">Ubuweb</a></li> <li><span class="languageicon">(in French)</span> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.moreeuw.com/histoire-art/joseph-beuys.htm">Joseph Beuys</a></li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist 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abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Joseph_Beuys" title="Template:Joseph Beuys"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Joseph_Beuys" title="Template talk:Joseph Beuys"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Joseph_Beuys" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Joseph Beuys"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Joseph_Beuys" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Joseph_Beuys" title="Joseph Beuys">Joseph Beuys</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Works</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/How_to_Explain_Pictures_to_a_Dead_Hare" title="How to Explain Pictures to a Dead Hare">How to Explain Pictures to a Dead Hare</a></i> (1965)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/I_Like_America_and_America_Likes_Me" title="I Like America and America Likes Me">I Like America and America Likes Me</a></i> (1974)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Stra%C3%9Fenbahnhaltestelle" title="Straßenbahnhaltestelle">Straßenbahnhaltestelle</a></i> (1976)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Fettecke" title="Fettecke">Fettecke</a></i> (1982)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/7000_Oaks" title="7000 Oaks">7000 Oaks</a></i> (1982-1987)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_End_of_the_Twentieth_Century" title="The End of the Twentieth Century">The End of the Twentieth Century</a></i> (1983)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Museums</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Moyland_Castle" title="Moyland Castle">Moyland Castle</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Related</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Beuys_(film)" title="Beuys (film)">Beuys</a></i> (2017 documentary)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Free_International_University" title="Free International University">Free International University</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fluxus" title="Fluxus">Fluxus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joseph_Beuys_Media_Archive" title="Joseph Beuys Media Archive">Joseph Beuys Media Archive</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joseph_Beuys_Sculpture_Park" title="Joseph Beuys Sculpture Park">Joseph Beuys Sculpture Park</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Social sculpture</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Retrieved from "<a dir="ltr" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Social_sculpture&oldid=1219202513">https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Social_sculpture&oldid=1219202513</a>"</div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface"><div id="mw-normal-catlinks" class="mw-normal-catlinks"><a href="/wiki/Help:Category" title="Help:Category">Categories</a>: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Joseph_Beuys" title="Category:Joseph Beuys">Joseph Beuys</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Conceptual_art" title="Category:Conceptual art">Conceptual art</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Sculpture" title="Category:Sculpture">Sculpture</a></li></ul></div><div id="mw-hidden-catlinks" class="mw-hidden-catlinks mw-hidden-cats-hidden">Hidden categories: <ul><li><a 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