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<span>Metropolitan statistical area</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Metropolitan_statistical_area-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Metropolitan statistical area subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Metropolitan_statistical_area-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Atlanta–Sandy_Springs–Roswell_MSA" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Atlanta–Sandy_Springs–Roswell_MSA"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.1</span> <span>Atlanta–Sandy Springs–Roswell MSA</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Atlanta–Sandy_Springs–Roswell_MSA-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Combined_statistical_area" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Combined_statistical_area"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Combined statistical area</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Combined_statistical_area-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Combined statistical area subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Combined_statistical_area-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Atlanta_GA-AL_CSA" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Atlanta_GA-AL_CSA"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.1</span> <span>Atlanta GA-AL CSA</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Atlanta_GA-AL_CSA-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Municipalities" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Municipalities"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Municipalities</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Municipalities-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Municipalities subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Municipalities-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Edge_cities" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Edge_cities"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.1</span> <span>Edge cities</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Edge_cities-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Cities_and_suburbs" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Cities_and_suburbs"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.2</span> <span>Cities and suburbs</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Cities_and_suburbs-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Geography" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Geography"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Geography</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Geography-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Geography subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Geography-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Topography_and_geology" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Topography_and_geology"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.1</span> <span>Topography and geology</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Topography_and_geology-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Earthquakes_and_fault_lines" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Earthquakes_and_fault_lines"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.1.1</span> <span>Earthquakes and fault lines</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Earthquakes_and_fault_lines-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Climate" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Climate"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.2</span> <span>Climate</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Climate-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Environment" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Environment"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.3</span> <span>Environment</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Environment-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Flora" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Flora"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.3.1</span> <span>Flora</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Flora-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Fauna" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Fauna"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.3.2</span> <span>Fauna</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Fauna-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Demographics" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Demographics"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>Demographics</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Demographics-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Demographics subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Demographics-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Race_and_ethnicity" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Race_and_ethnicity"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.1</span> <span>Race and ethnicity</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Race_and_ethnicity-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Language" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Language"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.2</span> <span>Language</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Language-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Economy" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Economy"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>Economy</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Economy-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Economy subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Economy-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Utilities" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Utilities"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7.1</span> <span>Utilities</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Utilities-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Housing" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Housing"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7.2</span> <span>Housing</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Housing-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Community_improvement_districts" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Community_improvement_districts"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7.3</span> <span>Community improvement districts</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Community_improvement_districts-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Education" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Education"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>Education</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Education-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Education subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Education-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Colleges_and_universities" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Colleges_and_universities"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8.1</span> <span>Colleges and universities</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Colleges_and_universities-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-School_districts" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#School_districts"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8.2</span> <span>School districts</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-School_districts-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Government_and_politics" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Government_and_politics"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9</span> <span>Government and politics</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Government_and_politics-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Healthcare" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Healthcare"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">10</span> <span>Healthcare</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Healthcare-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Healthcare subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Healthcare-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Hospitals_with_#_beds" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Hospitals_with_#_beds"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">10.1</span> <span>Hospitals with # beds</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Hospitals_with_#_beds-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Media" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Media"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">11</span> <span>Media</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Media-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Media subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Media-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Radio" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Radio"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">11.1</span> <span>Radio</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Radio-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-TV" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#TV"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">11.2</span> <span>TV</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-TV-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Print" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Print"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">11.3</span> <span>Print</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Print-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Culture_and_attractions" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Culture_and_attractions"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">12</span> <span>Culture and attractions</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Culture_and_attractions-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Culture and attractions subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Culture_and_attractions-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Professional_sports_teams" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Professional_sports_teams"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">12.1</span> <span>Professional sports teams</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Professional_sports_teams-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Performing_arts_venues" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Performing_arts_venues"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">12.2</span> <span>Performing arts venues</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Performing_arts_venues-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Museums" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Museums"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">12.3</span> <span>Museums</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Museums-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Amusement" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Amusement"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">12.4</span> <span>Amusement</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Amusement-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Parks" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Parks"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">12.5</span> <span>Parks</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Parks-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Festivals" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Festivals"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">12.6</span> <span>Festivals</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Festivals-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Other" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Other"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">12.7</span> <span>Other</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Other-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Military_presence" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Military_presence"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">13</span> <span>Military presence</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Military_presence-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Transportation" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Transportation"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">14</span> <span>Transportation</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Transportation-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Transportation subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Transportation-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Transit_systems" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Transit_systems"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">14.1</span> <span>Transit systems</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Transit_systems-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Commercial_railways" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Commercial_railways"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">14.2</span> <span>Commercial railways</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Commercial_railways-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Air" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Air"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">14.3</span> <span>Air</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Air-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Roads_and_freeways" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Roads_and_freeways"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">14.4</span> <span>Roads and freeways</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Roads_and_freeways-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">15</span> <span>See also</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">16</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">17</span> <span>External links</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Toggle the table of contents</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Metro Atlanta</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 15 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-15" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">15 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%81rea_metropolitana_d%27Atlanta" title="Área metropolitana d'Atlanta – Asturian" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Área metropolitana d'Atlanta" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="Asturian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Asturianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Metro_Atlanta" title="Metro Atlanta – Danish" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Metro Atlanta" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Danish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Metropolregion_Atlanta" title="Metropolregion Atlanta – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Metropolregion Atlanta" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%81rea_metropolitana_de_Atlanta" title="Área metropolitana de Atlanta – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Área metropolitana de Atlanta" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%D9%86%D8%B7%D9%82%D9%87_%DA%A9%D9%84%D8%A7%D9%86%E2%80%8C%D8%B4%D9%87%D8%B1%DB%8C_%D8%A2%D8%AA%D9%84%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%AA%D8%A7" title="منطقه کلان‌شهری آتلانتا – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="منطقه کلان‌شهری آتلانتا" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/R%C3%A9gion_m%C3%A9tropolitaine_d%27Atlanta" title="Région métropolitaine d'Atlanta – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Région métropolitaine d'Atlanta" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EB%A9%94%ED%8A%B8%EB%A1%9C_%EC%95%A0%ED%8B%80%EB%9E%9C%ED%83%80" title="메트로 애틀랜타 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="메트로 애틀랜타" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Area_metropolitana_di_Atlanta" title="Area metropolitana di Atlanta – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Area metropolitana di Atlanta" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%94%D7%9E%D7%98%D7%A8%D7%95%D7%A4%D7%95%D7%9C%D7%99%D7%9F_%D7%A9%D7%9C_%D7%90%D7%98%D7%9C%D7%A0%D7%98%D7%94" title="המטרופולין של אטלנטה – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="המטרופולין של אטלנטה" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%82%A2%E3%83%88%E3%83%A9%E3%83%B3%E3%82%BF%E9%83%BD%E5%B8%82%E5%9C%8F" title="アトランタ都市圏 – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="アトランタ都市圏" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Obszar_metropolitalny_Atlanty" title="Obszar metropolitalny Atlanty – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Obszar metropolitalny Atlanty" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Atlanta_metropolitan_area" 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href="/wiki/File:Question_book-new.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/50px-Question_book-new.svg.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="39" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/75px-Question_book-new.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/100px-Question_book-new.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="399" /></a></span></div></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span">This article <b>needs additional citations for <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability" title="Wikipedia:Verifiability">verification</a></b>.<span class="hide-when-compact"> Please help <a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Metro_Atlanta" title="Special:EditPage/Metro Atlanta">improve this article</a> by <a href="/wiki/Help:Referencing_for_beginners" title="Help:Referencing for beginners">adding citations to 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Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.<br /><small><span class="plainlinks"><i>Find sources:</i> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?as_eq=wikipedia&q=%22Metro+Atlanta%22">"Metro Atlanta"</a> – <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?tbm=nws&q=%22Metro+Atlanta%22+-wikipedia&tbs=ar:1">news</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?&q=%22Metro+Atlanta%22&tbs=bkt:s&tbm=bks">newspapers</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?tbs=bks:1&q=%22Metro+Atlanta%22+-wikipedia">books</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://scholar.google.com/scholar?q=%22Metro+Atlanta%22">scholar</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/action/doBasicSearch?Query=%22Metro+Atlanta%22&acc=on&wc=on">JSTOR</a></span></small></span> <span class="date-container"><i>(<span class="date">July 2024</span>)</i></span><span class="hide-when-compact"><i> (<small><a href="/wiki/Help:Maintenance_template_removal" title="Help:Maintenance template removal">Learn how and when to remove this message</a></small>)</i></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Combined Statistical Area in Georgia, United States of America</div> <div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Metropolitan Statistical Area in the United States</div><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1043192559">.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement{width:23em;border-collapse:collapse;line-height:1.2em}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement td,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement th{border-top:1px solid #a2a9b1;padding:0.4em 0.6em 0.4em 0.6em}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedtoprow .infobox-full-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedtoprow .infobox-header,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedtoprow .infobox-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedtoprow .infobox-label,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedtoprow .infobox-below{border-top:1px solid #a2a9b1;padding:0.4em 0.6em 0.2em 0.6em}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedrow .infobox-full-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedrow .infobox-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedrow .infobox-label{border:0;padding:0 0.6em 0.2em 0.6em}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedbottomrow .infobox-full-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedbottomrow .infobox-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedbottomrow .infobox-label{border-top:0;border-bottom:1px solid #a2a9b1;padding:0 0.6em 0.4em 0.6em}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .maptable{border:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .infobox-header,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .infobox-below{text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .infobox-above{font-size:125%;line-height:1.3em}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .infobox-subheader{background-color:#cddeff;font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-native{font-weight:normal;padding-top:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-other-name{font-size:78%}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-official{font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-caption{padding:0.3em 0 0 0}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-caption-link{padding:0.2em 0}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-nickname{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-fn{font-weight:normal;display:inline}</style><table class="infobox ib-settlement vcard"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above"><div class="fn org">Metropolitan Atlanta</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-subheader"><div class="category"><a href="/wiki/Metropolitan_Statistical_Area" class="mw-redirect" title="Metropolitan Statistical Area">Metropolitan Statistical Area</a></div></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow ib-settlement-official"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data">Atlanta–Sandy Springs–Roswell, GA<br />Metropolitan Statistical Area</td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Midtown_atlanta.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Midtown Atlanta in April 2016"><img alt="Midtown Atlanta in April 2016" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/97/Midtown_atlanta.jpg/300px-Midtown_atlanta.jpg" decoding="async" width="300" height="159" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/97/Midtown_atlanta.jpg/450px-Midtown_atlanta.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/97/Midtown_atlanta.jpg/600px-Midtown_atlanta.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1920" data-file-height="1017" /></a></span><div class="ib-settlement-caption"><a href="/wiki/Midtown_Atlanta" title="Midtown Atlanta">Midtown Atlanta</a> in April 2016</div></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><a class="mw-kartographer-map notheme mw-kartographer-container center" style="width: 290px; height: 240px;" data-mw-kartographer="mapframe" data-style="osm-intl" data-width="290" data-height="240" data-zoom="7" data-lat="33.7" data-lon="-84.4" data-overlays="["_34d6d3ceaf1963881abda9fa0432cdd6cc685e91"]" href="/wiki/Special:Map/7/33.7/-84.4/en"><img src="https://maps.wikimedia.org/img/osm-intl,7,33.7,-84.4,290x240.png?lang=en&domain=en.wikipedia.org&title=Metro_Atlanta&revid=1258105887&groups=_34d6d3ceaf1963881abda9fa0432cdd6cc685e91" width="290" height="240" decoding="async" srcset="https://maps.wikimedia.org/img/osm-intl,7,33.7,-84.4,290x240@2x.png?lang=en&domain=en.wikipedia.org&title=Metro_Atlanta&revid=1258105887&groups=_34d6d3ceaf1963881abda9fa0432cdd6cc685e91 2x" alt="Map" /></a><div class="ib-settlement-caption">Map of Atlanta–Athens-Clarke County–<br />Sandy Springs, GA–AL GA<a href="/wiki/Combined_Statistical_Area" class="mw-redirect" title="Combined Statistical Area">CSA</a> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1216972533">.mw-parser-output .col-begin{border-collapse:collapse;padding:0;color:inherit;width:100%;border:0;margin:0}.mw-parser-output .col-begin-small{font-size:90%}.mw-parser-output .col-break{vertical-align:top;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .col-break-2{width:50%}.mw-parser-output .col-break-3{width:33.3%}.mw-parser-output .col-break-4{width:25%}.mw-parser-output .col-break-5{width:20%}@media(max-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .col-begin,.mw-parser-output .col-begin>tbody,.mw-parser-output .col-begin>tbody>tr,.mw-parser-output .col-begin>tbody>tr>td{display:block!important;width:100%!important}.mw-parser-output .col-break{padding-left:0!important}}</style><div> <table class="col-begin" role="presentation"> <tbody><tr> <td class="col-break"> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r981673959">.mw-parser-output .legend{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .legend-color{display:inline-block;min-width:1.25em;height:1.25em;line-height:1.25;margin:1px 0;text-align:center;border:1px solid black;background-color:transparent;color:black}.mw-parser-output .legend-text{}</style><div class="legend" style="text-align:left;"><span class="legend-color mw-no-invert" style="background-color:#007272; color:white; -webkit-column-break-inside: avoid;"> </span> <a href="/wiki/Atlanta,_Georgia" class="mw-redirect" title="Atlanta, Georgia">City of Atlanta</a></div> <p>Atlanta–Sandy Springs–Roswell, GA <a href="/wiki/Metropolitan_Statistical_Area" class="mw-redirect" title="Metropolitan Statistical Area">MSA</a> </p> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959"><div class="legend" style="text-align:left;"><span class="legend-color mw-no-invert" style="background-color:#C39290; color:black; -webkit-column-break-inside: avoid;"> </span> Atlanta–Sandy Springs–Roswell, GA</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959"><div class="legend" style="text-align:left;"><span class="legend-color mw-no-invert" style="background-color:#FF0000; color:black; -webkit-column-break-inside: avoid;"> </span> Marietta, GA <a href="/wiki/Metropolitan_Statistical_Area" class="mw-redirect" title="Metropolitan Statistical Area">Metropolitan Division</a></div> <p>Other Statistical Areas in the Atlanta CSA </p> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959"><div class="legend" style="text-align:left;"><span class="legend-color mw-no-invert" style="background-color:#BA0C2F; color:white; -webkit-column-break-inside: avoid;"> </span> Athens-Clarke County, GA <a href="/wiki/Metropolitan_Statistical_Area" class="mw-redirect" title="Metropolitan Statistical Area">MSA</a></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959"><div class="legend" style="text-align:left;"><span class="legend-color mw-no-invert" style="background-color:#1AA000; color:black; -webkit-column-break-inside: avoid;"> </span> Gainesville, GA MSA</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959"><div class="legend" style="text-align:left;"><span class="legend-color mw-no-invert" style="background-color:#FFFF00; color:black; -webkit-column-break-inside: avoid;"> </span> LaGrange, GA–AL <a href="/wiki/%CE%9CSA" class="mw-redirect" title="ΜSA">µSA</a></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959"><div class="legend" style="text-align:left;"><span class="legend-color mw-no-invert" style="background-color:#0000FF; color:white; -webkit-column-break-inside: avoid;"> </span> Rome, GA MSA</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959"><div class="legend" style="text-align:left;"><span class="legend-color mw-no-invert" style="background-color:#00FF40; color:black; -webkit-column-break-inside: avoid;"> </span> Jefferson, GA µSA</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959"><div class="legend" style="text-align:left;"><span class="legend-color mw-no-invert" style="background-color:#FF9200; color:black; -webkit-column-break-inside: avoid;"> </span> Calhoun, GA µSA</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959"><div class="legend" style="text-align:left;"><span class="legend-color mw-no-invert" style="background-color:#CC7910; color:black; -webkit-column-break-inside: avoid;"> </span> Cornelia, GA µSA</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959"><div class="legend" style="text-align:left;"><span class="legend-color mw-no-invert" style="background-color:#FF00FF; color:black; -webkit-column-break-inside: avoid;"> </span> Cedartown, GA µSA</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959"><div class="legend" style="text-align:left;"><span class="legend-color mw-no-invert" style="background-color:#00BCE4; color:black; -webkit-column-break-inside: avoid;"> </span> Thomaston, GA µSA</div> <p>  </p> </td></tr></tbody></table></div></div></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/List_of_sovereign_states" title="List of sovereign states">Country</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Flag_of_the_United_States.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/46px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1235" data-file-height="650" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/United_States" title="United States">United States</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/U.S._state" title="U.S. state">State</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Flag_of_the_State_of_Georgia.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/08/Flag_of_the_State_of_Georgia.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_State_of_Georgia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/08/Flag_of_the_State_of_Georgia.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_State_of_Georgia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/08/Flag_of_the_State_of_Georgia.svg/46px-Flag_of_the_State_of_Georgia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="960" data-file-height="600" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/Georgia_(U.S._state)" title="Georgia (U.S. state)">Georgia</a><br /><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Flag_of_Alabama.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Flag_of_Alabama.svg/23px-Flag_of_Alabama.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Flag_of_Alabama.svg/35px-Flag_of_Alabama.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Flag_of_Alabama.svg/46px-Flag_of_Alabama.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="400" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/Alabama" title="Alabama">Alabama</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header">Area<div class="ib-settlement-fn"></div></th></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • Metro<div class="ib-settlement-fn"></div></th><td class="infobox-data">8,376 sq mi (21,694 km<sup>2</sup>)</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • CSA</th><td class="infobox-data">10,494.03 sq mi (27,179.4 km<sup>2</sup>)</td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Elevation<div class="ib-settlement-fn"></div></th><td class="infobox-data">606–3,288 ft (185–1,002 m)</td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header">Population<div class="ib-settlement-fn"><span class="nowrap"> </span>(2023 estimates)<sup id="cite_ref-CensusMetro_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-CensusMetro-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></div></th></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • Density</th><td class="infobox-data">624/sq mi (243/km<sup>2</sup>)</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • <a href="/wiki/Urban_area" title="Urban area">Urban</a><div class="ib-settlement-fn"> (2020)<sup id="cite_ref-urban_area_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-urban_area-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></div></th><td class="infobox-data">5,100,112 (<a href="/wiki/List_of_United_States_urban_areas" title="List of United States urban areas">9th</a>)</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • <a href="/wiki/Metropolitan_area" title="Metropolitan area">Metro</a><div class="ib-settlement-fn"><sup id="cite_ref-cbsa_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-cbsa-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></div></th><td class="infobox-data">6,307,261 (<a href="/wiki/Metropolitan_statistical_area" title="Metropolitan statistical area">6th</a>)</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • <a href="/wiki/Combined_statistical_area" title="Combined statistical area">CSA</a><div class="ib-settlement-fn"><sup id="cite_ref-cbsa_3-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-cbsa-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></div></th><td class="infobox-data">7,221,137 (<a href="/wiki/Table_of_United_States_Combined_Statistical_Areas" class="mw-redirect" title="Table of United States Combined Statistical Areas">10th</a>)</td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header">GDP<div class="ib-settlement-fn"><sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></div></th></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • MSA</th><td class="infobox-data">$525.9 billion (2022)</td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Time_zone" title="Time zone">Time zone</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/UTC%E2%88%925" class="mw-redirect" title="UTC−5">UTC−5</a> (<a href="/wiki/Eastern_Time_Zone" title="Eastern Time Zone">EST</a>)</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><span class="nowrap"> • Summer (<a href="/wiki/Daylight_saving_time" title="Daylight saving time">DST</a>)</span></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/UTC%E2%88%924" class="mw-redirect" title="UTC−4">UTC−4</a> (<a href="/wiki/Eastern_Time_Zone" title="Eastern Time Zone">EDT</a>)</td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">ZIP codes</th><td class="infobox-data adr"><div class="postal-code">300<i>xx</i> to 303<i>xx</i></div></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Telephone_numbering_plan" title="Telephone numbering plan">Area codes</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Area_code_404" title="Area code 404">404</a>/<a href="/wiki/Area_codes_678,_470,_and_943" title="Area codes 678, 470, and 943">678/470/943</a> inside the perimeter <a href="/wiki/Area_code_770" title="Area code 770">770</a>/<a href="/wiki/Area_codes_678,_470,_and_943" title="Area codes 678, 470, and 943">678/470/943</a> outside the perimeter</td></tr></tbody></table> <p><b>Metro Atlanta</b>, designated by the <a href="/wiki/United_States_Office_of_Management_and_Budget" class="mw-redirect" title="United States Office of Management and Budget">United States Office of Management and Budget</a> as the <b>Atlanta–Sandy Springs–Roswell metropolitan statistical area</b>, is the most populous <a href="/wiki/Metropolitan_statistical_area" title="Metropolitan statistical area">metropolitan statistical area</a> in the U.S. state of <a href="/wiki/Georgia_(U.S._state)" title="Georgia (U.S. state)">Georgia</a> and the sixth-largest in the United States, based on the July 1, 2023 metropolitan area population estimates from the U.S. Census Bureau. Its economic, cultural, and demographic center is <a href="/wiki/Atlanta" title="Atlanta">Atlanta</a>, and its total population was 6,307,261 in the 2023 estimate from the <a href="/wiki/U.S._Census_Bureau" class="mw-redirect" title="U.S. Census Bureau">U.S. Census Bureau</a>. </p><p>The core 5 counties of metropolitan Atlanta are <a href="/wiki/Fulton_County,_Georgia" title="Fulton County, Georgia">Fulton</a>, <a href="/wiki/DeKalb_County,_Georgia" title="DeKalb County, Georgia">DeKalb</a>, <a href="/wiki/Cobb_County,_Georgia" title="Cobb County, Georgia">Cobb</a>, <a href="/wiki/Gwinnett_County,_Georgia" title="Gwinnett County, Georgia">Gwinnett</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Clayton_County,_Georgia" title="Clayton County, Georgia">Clayton</a>, with over 60% of the metro area’s population residing in these counties. The metro area forms the core of a broader trading area, the <b>Atlanta–Athens-Clarke County–Sandy Springs combined statistical area</b>. The <a href="/wiki/Combined_statistical_area" title="Combined statistical area">combined statistical area</a> spans up to 39 counties in <a href="/wiki/North_Georgia" title="North Georgia">North Georgia</a>. The CSA recorded in the <a href="/wiki/2020_U.S._census" class="mw-redirect" title="2020 U.S. census">2020 U.S. census</a> a population of 6,930,423.<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Atlanta is the largest metropolitan area in the U.S. Census Bureau's <a href="/wiki/Southeastern_United_States" title="Southeastern United States">Southeast</a> region. It surpassed the <a href="/wiki/Miami_metropolitan_area" title="Miami metropolitan area">Greater Miami</a> area in total population in 2021, and both the <a href="/wiki/Washington_metropolitan_area" title="Washington metropolitan area">Washington metropolitan area</a>, and the <a href="/wiki/Delaware_Valley" title="Delaware Valley">Philadelphia metropolitan area</a> in 2023 (the latter of which is in the <a href="/wiki/Northeastern_United_States" title="Northeastern United States">Northeast region</a>).<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> About one in ten (10.6%) of residents served by the <a href="/wiki/Atlanta_Regional_Commission" title="Atlanta Regional Commission">Atlanta Regional Commission</a> (including the core 5 counties of the metropolitan area) live within Atlanta city limits. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Definitions">Definitions</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Metro_Atlanta&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Definitions"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>By <a href="/wiki/U.S._Census_Bureau" class="mw-redirect" title="U.S. Census Bureau">U.S. Census Bureau</a> standards, the population of the Atlanta region spreads across a metropolitan area of 8,376 square miles (21,694 km<sup>2</sup>),<sup id="cite_ref-MACOC-growth_7-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-MACOC-growth-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> comparable to the size of <a href="/wiki/Israel" title="Israel">Israel</a>. Because Georgia contains more counties than any other state except <a href="/wiki/Texas" title="Texas">Texas</a> (explained in part by the now-defunct <a href="/wiki/County-unit_system" class="mw-redirect" title="County-unit system">county-unit system</a> of weighing votes in <a href="/wiki/Partisan_primary" class="mw-redirect" title="Partisan primary">primary elections</a>),<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> area residents live under a heavily decentralized collection of governments. As of the 2000 census, fewer than one in ten residents of the metropolitan area lived inside Atlanta <a href="/wiki/City_limit" class="mw-redirect" title="City limit">city limits</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>A 2006 survey by the <a href="/wiki/Metro_Atlanta_Chamber_of_Commerce" title="Metro Atlanta Chamber of Commerce">Metro Atlanta Chamber of Commerce</a> counted 140 cities and towns in the 28‑county Metropolitan Statistical Area (MSA) in mid-2005.<sup id="cite_ref-MACOC-growth_7-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-MACOC-growth-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Ten cities – <a href="/wiki/Johns_Creek,_Georgia" title="Johns Creek, Georgia">Johns Creek</a> (2006), <a href="/wiki/Milton,_Georgia" title="Milton, Georgia">Milton</a> (2006), <a href="/wiki/Chattahoochee_Hills,_Georgia" title="Chattahoochee Hills, Georgia">Chattahoochee Hills</a> (2007), <a href="/wiki/Dunwoody,_Georgia" title="Dunwoody, Georgia">Dunwoody</a> (2008), <a href="/wiki/Peachtree_Corners,_Georgia" title="Peachtree Corners, Georgia">Peachtree Corners</a> (2012), <a href="/wiki/Brookhaven,_Georgia" title="Brookhaven, Georgia">Brookhaven</a> (2012), <a href="/wiki/Tucker,_Georgia" title="Tucker, Georgia">Tucker</a> (2016), <a href="/wiki/Stonecrest,_Georgia" title="Stonecrest, Georgia">Stonecrest</a> (2016), <a href="/wiki/South_Fulton,_Georgia" title="South Fulton, Georgia">South Fulton</a> (2017), and <a href="/wiki/Mableton,_Georgia" title="Mableton, Georgia">Mableton</a> (2022) – have incorporated since then, following the lead of <a href="/wiki/Sandy_Springs" class="mw-redirect" title="Sandy Springs">Sandy Springs</a> in 2005.<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The Atlanta metropolitan area was first defined in 1950 as <a href="/wiki/Fulton_County,_Georgia" title="Fulton County, Georgia">Fulton</a>, <a href="/wiki/DeKalb_County,_Georgia" title="DeKalb County, Georgia">DeKalb</a>, <a href="/wiki/Gwinnett_County,_Georgia" title="Gwinnett County, Georgia">Gwinnett</a>, <a href="/wiki/Cobb_County,_Georgia" title="Cobb County, Georgia">Cobb</a> and <a href="/wiki/Clayton_County,_Georgia" title="Clayton County, Georgia">Clayton</a> counties. <a href="/wiki/Walton_County,_Georgia" title="Walton County, Georgia">Walton</a>, <a href="/wiki/Newton_County,_Georgia" title="Newton County, Georgia">Newton</a>, <a href="/wiki/Douglas_County,_Georgia" title="Douglas County, Georgia">Douglas</a>, <a href="/wiki/Fayette_County,_Georgia" title="Fayette County, Georgia">Fayette</a>, <a href="/wiki/Forsyth_County,_Georgia" title="Forsyth County, Georgia">Forsyth</a>, <a href="/wiki/Henry_County,_Georgia" title="Henry County, Georgia">Henry</a>, <a href="/wiki/Cherokee_County,_Georgia" title="Cherokee County, Georgia">Cherokee</a>, <a href="/wiki/Rockdale_County,_Georgia" title="Rockdale County, Georgia">Rockdale</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Butts_County,_Georgia" title="Butts County, Georgia">Butts</a> counties were added after the 1970 census, with Barrow and Coweta counties joining in 1980 and Bartow, Carroll, Paulding, Pickens and Spalding counties in 1990. </p><p>Atlanta's larger <a href="/wiki/Combined_statistical_area" title="Combined statistical area">combined statistical area</a> (CSA) adds the <a href="/wiki/Gainesville_metropolitan_area,_Georgia" title="Gainesville metropolitan area, Georgia">Gainesville</a> and <a href="/wiki/Athens_%E2%80%93_Clarke_County_metropolitan_area" class="mw-redirect" title="Athens – Clarke County metropolitan area">Athens</a> metropolitan areas plus <a href="/wiki/LaGrange,_Georgia" title="LaGrange, Georgia">LaGrange</a>, <a href="/wiki/Thomaston,_Georgia" title="Thomaston, Georgia">Thomaston</a>, <a href="/wiki/Jefferson,_Georgia" title="Jefferson, Georgia">Jefferson</a>, <a href="/wiki/Calhoun,_Georgia" title="Calhoun, Georgia">Calhoun</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Cedartown,_Georgia" title="Cedartown, Georgia">Cedartown</a> micropolitan areas, for a total 2012 population of 6,162,195. The CSA also abuts the <a href="/wiki/Macon,_Georgia_metropolitan_area" class="mw-redirect" title="Macon, Georgia metropolitan area">Macon</a> and <a href="/wiki/Columbus,_Georgia_metropolitan_area" class="mw-redirect" title="Columbus, Georgia metropolitan area">Columbus</a> MSAs. The region is one of the metropolises of the Southeastern United States, and is part of the emerging <a href="/wiki/Megalopolis_(city_type)" class="mw-redirect" title="Megalopolis (city type)">megalopolis</a> known as <a href="/wiki/Piedmont_Atlantic_Megaregion" class="mw-redirect" title="Piedmont Atlantic Megaregion">Piedmont Atlantic Megaregion</a> along the <a href="/wiki/I-85_Corridor" class="mw-redirect" title="I-85 Corridor">I-85 Corridor</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Metropolitan_statistical_area">Metropolitan statistical area</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Metro_Atlanta&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Metropolitan statistical area"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The counties listed below are included in the Atlanta–Sandy Springs–Roswell metropolitan statistical area.<sup id="cite_ref-OMB_23-01_13-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-OMB_23-01-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 2023, the <a href="/wiki/Office_of_Management_and_Budget" title="Office of Management and Budget">Office of Management and Budget</a> split the MSA into two <a href="/wiki/Conurbation" title="Conurbation">conurbated</a> metropolitan divisions. </p><p>The Atlanta-Sandy Springs-Roswell metropolitan division consists of the following 24 counties: </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1184024115">.mw-parser-output .div-col{margin-top:0.3em;column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .div-col-small{font-size:90%}.mw-parser-output .div-col-rules{column-rule:1px solid #aaa}.mw-parser-output .div-col dl,.mw-parser-output .div-col ol,.mw-parser-output .div-col ul{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .div-col li,.mw-parser-output .div-col dd{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}</style><div class="div-col" style="column-width: 15em;"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Barrow_County,_Georgia" title="Barrow County, Georgia">Barrow</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Butts_County,_Georgia" title="Butts County, Georgia">Butts</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Carroll_County,_Georgia" title="Carroll County, Georgia">Carroll</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Clayton_County,_Georgia" title="Clayton County, Georgia">Clayton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Coweta_County,_Georgia" title="Coweta County, Georgia">Coweta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dawson_County,_Georgia" title="Dawson County, Georgia">Dawson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/DeKalb_County,_Georgia" title="DeKalb County, Georgia">DeKalb</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Douglas_County,_Georgia" title="Douglas County, Georgia">Douglas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fayette_County,_Georgia" title="Fayette County, Georgia">Fayette</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Forsyth_County,_Georgia" title="Forsyth County, Georgia">Forsyth</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fulton_County,_Georgia" title="Fulton County, Georgia">Fulton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gwinnett_County,_Georgia" title="Gwinnett County, Georgia">Gwinnett</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Heard_County,_Georgia" title="Heard County, Georgia">Heard</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Henry_County,_Georgia" title="Henry County, Georgia">Henry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jasper_County,_Georgia" title="Jasper County, Georgia">Jasper</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lumpkin_County,_Georgia" title="Lumpkin County, Georgia">Lumpkin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Meriwether_County,_Georgia" title="Meriwether County, Georgia">Meriwether</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Morgan_County,_Georgia" title="Morgan County, Georgia">Morgan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Newton_County,_Georgia" title="Newton County, Georgia">Newton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pickens_County,_Georgia" title="Pickens County, Georgia">Pickens</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pike_County,_Georgia" title="Pike County, Georgia">Pike</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rockdale_County,_Georgia" title="Rockdale County, Georgia">Rockdale</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spalding_County,_Georgia" title="Spalding County, Georgia">Spalding</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Walton_County,_Georgia" title="Walton County, Georgia">Walton</a></li></ul></div> <p>The Marietta metropolitan division consists of the following five counties. </p> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1184024115"><div class="div-col" style="column-width: 15em;"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bartow_County,_Georgia" title="Bartow County, Georgia">Bartow</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cherokee_County,_Georgia" title="Cherokee County, Georgia">Cherokee</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cobb_County,_Georgia" title="Cobb County, Georgia">Cobb</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Haralson_County,_Georgia" title="Haralson County, Georgia">Haralson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paulding_County,_Georgia" title="Paulding County, Georgia">Paulding</a></li></ul></div> <p>Some entities define a much smaller metropolitan area by including only the counties which have the densest suburban development. Fulton, DeKalb, Gwinnett, Cobb, and Clayton were the five original counties when the Atlanta metropolitan area was first defined in 1950, and continue to be the core of the metro area. These five counties along with six more (Cherokee, Douglas, Fayette, Henry, Rockdale, and Forsyth) are members of the <a href="/wiki/Atlanta_Regional_Commission" title="Atlanta Regional Commission">Atlanta Regional Commission</a>, a weak <a href="/wiki/Metropolitan_government" class="mw-redirect" title="Metropolitan government">metropolitan government</a> organization which also is a <a href="/wiki/Regional_planning" title="Regional planning">regional planning</a> agency. The eleven ARC counties, <b>bolded</b>, and four more (Bartow, Coweta, Hall, Paulding), with an asterisk (*), form part of the <a href="/wiki/Metropolitan_North_Georgia_Water_Planning_District" title="Metropolitan North Georgia Water Planning District">Metropolitan North Georgia Water Planning District</a>, created in 2001. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Atlanta–Sandy_Springs–Roswell_MSA"><span id="Atlanta.E2.80.93Sandy_Springs.E2.80.93Roswell_MSA"></span>Atlanta–Sandy Springs–Roswell MSA</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Metro_Atlanta&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Atlanta–Sandy Springs–Roswell MSA"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <table class="wikitable sortable"> <tbody><tr> <th>County </th> <th>Seat </th> <th>2020 census </th> <th>2010 census </th> <th>Change </th> <th>Area </th> <th>Density </th></tr> <tr> <td><b><a href="/wiki/Fulton_County,_Georgia" title="Fulton County, Georgia">Fulton *</a></b> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Atlanta,_Georgia" class="mw-redirect" title="Atlanta, Georgia">Atlanta</a> </td> <td style="text-align:right;">1,066,710 </td> <td style="text-align:right;">920,581 </td> <td style="text-align:right;"><span style="display:none" data-sort-value="7001158700000000000♠"></span><span style="color:green">+15.87%</span> </td> <td>534 sq mi (1,380 km<sup>2</sup>) </td> <td><span style="display:none" data-sort-value="7003199758426966292♠"></span>1,998/sq mi (771/km<sup>2</sup>) </td></tr> <tr> <td><b><a href="/wiki/Gwinnett_County,_Georgia" title="Gwinnett County, Georgia">Gwinnett *</a></b> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Lawrenceville,_Georgia" title="Lawrenceville, Georgia">Lawrenceville</a> </td> <td style="text-align:right;">957,062 </td> <td style="text-align:right;">805,321 </td> <td style="text-align:right;"><span style="display:none" data-sort-value="7001188400000000000♠"></span><span style="color:green">+18.84%</span> </td> <td>437 sq mi (1,130 km<sup>2</sup>) </td> <td><span style="display:none" data-sort-value="7003219007322654462♠"></span>2,190/sq mi (846/km<sup>2</sup>) </td></tr> <tr> <td><b><a href="/wiki/Cobb_County,_Georgia" title="Cobb County, Georgia">Cobb *</a></b> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Marietta,_Georgia" title="Marietta, Georgia">Marietta</a> </td> <td style="text-align:right;">766,149 </td> <td style="text-align:right;">688,078 </td> <td style="text-align:right;"><span style="display:none" data-sort-value="7001113500000000000♠"></span><span style="color:green">+11.35%</span> </td> <td>345 sq mi (890 km<sup>2</sup>) </td> <td><span style="display:none" data-sort-value="7003222072173913043♠"></span>2,221/sq mi (857/km<sup>2</sup>) </td></tr> <tr> <td><b><a href="/wiki/DeKalb_County,_Georgia" title="DeKalb County, Georgia">DeKalb *</a></b> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Decatur,_Georgia" title="Decatur, Georgia">Decatur</a> </td> <td style="text-align:right;">764,382 </td> <td style="text-align:right;">691,893 </td> <td style="text-align:right;"><span style="display:none" data-sort-value="7001104800000000000♠"></span><span style="color:green">+10.48%</span> </td> <td>271 sq mi (700 km<sup>2</sup>) </td> <td><span style="display:none" data-sort-value="7003282059778597786♠"></span>2,821/sq mi (1,089/km<sup>2</sup>) </td></tr> <tr> <td><b><a href="/wiki/Clayton_County,_Georgia" title="Clayton County, Georgia">Clayton *</a></b> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Jonesboro,_Georgia" title="Jonesboro, Georgia">Jonesboro</a> </td> <td style="text-align:right;">297,595 </td> <td style="text-align:right;">259,424 </td> <td style="text-align:right;"><span style="display:none" data-sort-value="7001147100000000000♠"></span><span style="color:green">+14.71%</span> </td> <td>144 sq mi (370 km<sup>2</sup>) </td> <td><span style="display:none" data-sort-value="7003206663194444444♠"></span>2,067/sq mi (798/km<sup>2</sup>) </td></tr> <tr> <td><b><a href="/wiki/Cherokee_County,_Georgia" title="Cherokee County, Georgia">Cherokee *</a></b> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Canton,_Georgia" title="Canton, Georgia">Canton</a> </td> <td style="text-align:right;">266,620 </td> <td style="text-align:right;">214,346 </td> <td style="text-align:right;"><span style="display:none" data-sort-value="7001243900000000000♠"></span><span style="color:green">+24.39%</span> </td> <td>434 sq mi (1,120 km<sup>2</sup>) </td> <td><span style="display:none" data-sort-value="7002614331797235023♠"></span>614/sq mi (237/km<sup>2</sup>) </td></tr> <tr> <td><b><a href="/wiki/Forsyth_County,_Georgia" title="Forsyth County, Georgia">Forsyth *</a></b> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Cumming,_Georgia" title="Cumming, Georgia">Cumming</a> </td> <td style="text-align:right;">251,283 </td> <td style="text-align:right;">175,511 </td> <td style="text-align:right;"><span style="display:none" data-sort-value="7001431700000000000♠"></span><span style="color:green">+43.17%</span> </td> <td>224 sq mi (580 km<sup>2</sup>) </td> <td><span style="display:none" data-sort-value="7003112179910714285♠"></span>1,122/sq mi (433/km<sup>2</sup>) </td></tr> <tr> <td><b><a href="/wiki/Henry_County,_Georgia" title="Henry County, Georgia">Henry *</a></b> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/McDonough,_Georgia" title="McDonough, Georgia">McDonough</a> </td> <td style="text-align:right;">240,712 </td> <td style="text-align:right;">203,922 </td> <td style="text-align:right;"><span style="display:none" data-sort-value="7001180400000000000♠"></span><span style="color:green">+18.04%</span> </td> <td>327 sq mi (850 km<sup>2</sup>) </td> <td><span style="display:none" data-sort-value="7002736122324159021♠"></span>736/sq mi (284/km<sup>2</sup>) </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Paulding_County,_Georgia" title="Paulding County, Georgia">Paulding *</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Dallas,_Georgia" title="Dallas, Georgia">Dallas</a> </td> <td style="text-align:right;">168,661 </td> <td style="text-align:right;">142,324 </td> <td style="text-align:right;"><span style="display:none" data-sort-value="7001185000000000000♠"></span><span style="color:green">+18.50%</span> </td> <td>314 sq mi (810 km<sup>2</sup>) </td> <td><span style="display:none" data-sort-value="7002537136942675159♠"></span>537/sq mi (207/km<sup>2</sup>) </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Coweta_County,_Georgia" title="Coweta County, Georgia">Coweta *</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Newnan,_Georgia" title="Newnan, Georgia">Newnan</a> </td> <td style="text-align:right;">146,158 </td> <td style="text-align:right;">127,317 </td> <td style="text-align:right;"><span style="display:none" data-sort-value="7001148000000000000♠"></span><span style="color:green">+14.80%</span> </td> <td>446 sq mi (1,160 km<sup>2</sup>) </td> <td><span style="display:none" data-sort-value="7002327708520179372♠"></span>328/sq mi (127/km<sup>2</sup>) </td></tr> <tr> <td><b><a href="/wiki/Douglas_County,_Georgia" title="Douglas County, Georgia">Douglas *</a></b> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Douglasville,_Georgia" title="Douglasville, Georgia">Douglasville</a> </td> <td style="text-align:right;">144,237 </td> <td style="text-align:right;">132,403 </td> <td style="text-align:right;"><span style="display:none" data-sort-value="7000894000000000000♠"></span><span style="color:green">+8.94%</span> </td> <td>201 sq mi (520 km<sup>2</sup>) </td> <td><span style="display:none" data-sort-value="7002717597014925373♠"></span>718/sq mi (277/km<sup>2</sup>) </td></tr> <tr> <td><b><a href="/wiki/Fayette_County,_Georgia" title="Fayette County, Georgia">Fayette *</a></b> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Fayetteville,_Georgia" title="Fayetteville, Georgia">Fayetteville</a> </td> <td style="text-align:right;">119,194 </td> <td style="text-align:right;">106,567 </td> <td style="text-align:right;"><span style="display:none" data-sort-value="7001118500000000000♠"></span><span style="color:green">+11.85%</span> </td> <td>199 sq mi (520 km<sup>2</sup>) </td> <td><span style="display:none" data-sort-value="7002598964824120603♠"></span>599/sq mi (231/km<sup>2</sup>) </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Carroll_County,_Georgia" title="Carroll County, Georgia">Carroll</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Carrollton,_Georgia" title="Carrollton, Georgia">Carrollton</a> </td> <td style="text-align:right;">119,148 </td> <td style="text-align:right;">110,527 </td> <td style="text-align:right;"><span style="display:none" data-sort-value="7000780000000000000♠"></span><span style="color:green">+7.80%</span> </td> <td>504 sq mi (1,310 km<sup>2</sup>) </td> <td><span style="display:none" data-sort-value="7002236404761904761♠"></span>236/sq mi (91/km<sup>2</sup>) </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Newton_County,_Georgia" title="Newton County, Georgia">Newton</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Covington,_Georgia" title="Covington, Georgia">Covington</a> </td> <td style="text-align:right;">112,483 </td> <td style="text-align:right;">99,958 </td> <td style="text-align:right;"><span style="display:none" data-sort-value="7001125300000000000♠"></span><span style="color:green">+12.53%</span> </td> <td>279 sq mi (720 km<sup>2</sup>) </td> <td><span style="display:none" data-sort-value="7002403164874551971♠"></span>403/sq mi (156/km<sup>2</sup>) </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Bartow_County,_Georgia" title="Bartow County, Georgia">Bartow *</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Cartersville,_Georgia" title="Cartersville, Georgia">Cartersville</a> </td> <td style="text-align:right;">108,901 </td> <td style="text-align:right;">100,157 </td> <td style="text-align:right;"><span style="display:none" data-sort-value="7000873000000000000♠"></span><span style="color:green">+8.73%</span> </td> <td>470 sq mi (1,200 km<sup>2</sup>) </td> <td><span style="display:none" data-sort-value="7002231704255319148♠"></span>232/sq mi (89/km<sup>2</sup>) </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Walton_County,_Georgia" title="Walton County, Georgia">Walton</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Monroe,_Georgia" title="Monroe, Georgia">Monroe</a> </td> <td style="text-align:right;">96,673 </td> <td style="text-align:right;">83,768 </td> <td style="text-align:right;"><span style="display:none" data-sort-value="7001154100000000000♠"></span><span style="color:green">+15.41%</span> </td> <td>330 sq mi (850 km<sup>2</sup>) </td> <td><span style="display:none" data-sort-value="7002292948484848484♠"></span>293/sq mi (113/km<sup>2</sup>) </td></tr> <tr> <td><b><a href="/wiki/Rockdale_County,_Georgia" title="Rockdale County, Georgia">Rockdale *</a></b> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Conyers,_Georgia" title="Conyers, Georgia">Conyers</a> </td> <td style="text-align:right;">93,570 </td> <td style="text-align:right;">85,215 </td> <td style="text-align:right;"><span style="display:none" data-sort-value="7000980000000000000♠"></span><span style="color:green">+9.80%</span> </td> <td>132 sq mi (340 km<sup>2</sup>) </td> <td><span style="display:none" data-sort-value="7002708863636363636♠"></span>709/sq mi (274/km<sup>2</sup>) </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Barrow_County,_Georgia" title="Barrow County, Georgia">Barrow</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Winder,_Georgia" title="Winder, Georgia">Winder</a> </td> <td style="text-align:right;">83,505 </td> <td style="text-align:right;">69,367 </td> <td style="text-align:right;"><span style="display:none" data-sort-value="7001203800000000000♠"></span><span style="color:green">+20.38%</span> </td> <td>163 sq mi (420 km<sup>2</sup>) </td> <td><span style="display:none" data-sort-value="7002512300613496932♠"></span>512/sq mi (198/km<sup>2</sup>) </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Spalding_County,_Georgia" title="Spalding County, Georgia">Spalding</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Griffin,_Georgia" title="Griffin, Georgia">Griffin</a> </td> <td style="text-align:right;">67,306 </td> <td style="text-align:right;">64,073 </td> <td style="text-align:right;"><span style="display:none" data-sort-value="7000505000000000000♠"></span><span style="color:green">+5.05%</span> </td> <td>200 sq mi (520 km<sup>2</sup>) </td> <td><span style="display:none" data-sort-value="7002336530000000000♠"></span>337/sq mi (130/km<sup>2</sup>) </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Lumpkin_County,_Georgia" title="Lumpkin County, Georgia">Lumpkin</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Dahlonega,_Georgia" title="Dahlonega, Georgia">Dahlonega</a> </td> <td style="text-align:right;">33,488 </td> <td style="text-align:right;">29,966 </td> <td style="text-align:right;"><span style="display:none" data-sort-value="7001117500000000000♠"></span><span style="color:green">+11.75%</span> </td> <td>284 sq mi (740 km<sup>2</sup>) </td> <td><span style="display:none" data-sort-value="7002117915492957746♠"></span>118/sq mi (46/km<sup>2</sup>) </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Pickens_County,_Georgia" title="Pickens County, Georgia">Pickens</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Jasper,_Georgia" title="Jasper, Georgia">Jasper</a> </td> <td style="text-align:right;">33,216 </td> <td style="text-align:right;">29,431 </td> <td style="text-align:right;"><span style="display:none" data-sort-value="7001128600000000000♠"></span><span style="color:green">+12.86%</span> </td> <td>233 sq mi (600 km<sup>2</sup>) </td> <td><span style="display:none" data-sort-value="7002142557939914163♠"></span>143/sq mi (55/km<sup>2</sup>) </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Haralson_County,_Georgia" title="Haralson County, Georgia">Haralson</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Buchanan,_Georgia" title="Buchanan, Georgia">Buchanan</a> </td> <td style="text-align:right;">29,919 </td> <td style="text-align:right;">28,780 </td> <td style="text-align:right;"><span style="display:none" data-sort-value="7000396000000000000♠"></span><span style="color:green">+3.96%</span> </td> <td>283 sq mi (730 km<sup>2</sup>) </td> <td><span style="display:none" data-sort-value="7002105720848056537♠"></span>106/sq mi (41/km<sup>2</sup>) </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Dawson_County,_Georgia" title="Dawson County, Georgia">Dawson</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Dawsonville,_Georgia" title="Dawsonville, Georgia">Dawsonville</a> </td> <td style="text-align:right;">26,798 </td> <td style="text-align:right;">22,330 </td> <td style="text-align:right;"><span style="display:none" data-sort-value="7001200100000000000♠"></span><span style="color:green">+20.01%</span> </td> <td>214 sq mi (550 km<sup>2</sup>) </td> <td><span style="display:none" data-sort-value="7002125224299065420♠"></span>125/sq mi (48/km<sup>2</sup>) </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Butts_County,_Georgia" title="Butts County, Georgia">Butts</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Jackson,_Georgia" title="Jackson, Georgia">Jackson</a> </td> <td style="text-align:right;">25,434 </td> <td style="text-align:right;">23,655 </td> <td style="text-align:right;"><span style="display:none" data-sort-value="7000752000000000000♠"></span><span style="color:green">+7.52%</span> </td> <td>188 sq mi (490 km<sup>2</sup>) </td> <td><span style="display:none" data-sort-value="7002135287234042553♠"></span>135/sq mi (52/km<sup>2</sup>) </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Meriwether_County,_Georgia" title="Meriwether County, Georgia">Meriwether</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Greenville,_Georgia" title="Greenville, Georgia">Greenville</a> </td> <td style="text-align:right;">20,613 </td> <td style="text-align:right;">21,992 </td> <td style="text-align:right;"><span style="display:none" data-sort-value="2999373000000000000♠"></span><span style="color:red">−6.27%</span> </td> <td>505 sq mi (1,310 km<sup>2</sup>) </td> <td><span style="display:none" data-sort-value="7001408178217821782♠"></span>41/sq mi (16/km<sup>2</sup>) </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Morgan_County,_Georgia" title="Morgan County, Georgia">Morgan</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Madison,_Georgia" title="Madison, Georgia">Madison</a> </td> <td style="text-align:right;">20,097 </td> <td style="text-align:right;">17,868 </td> <td style="text-align:right;"><span style="display:none" data-sort-value="7001124700000000000♠"></span><span style="color:green">+12.47%</span> </td> <td>361 sq mi (930 km<sup>2</sup>) </td> <td><span style="display:none" data-sort-value="7001556703601108033♠"></span>56/sq mi (21/km<sup>2</sup>) </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Pike_County,_Georgia" title="Pike County, Georgia">Pike</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Zebulon,_Georgia" title="Zebulon, Georgia">Zebulon</a> </td> <td style="text-align:right;">18,889 </td> <td style="text-align:right;">17,869 </td> <td style="text-align:right;"><span style="display:none" data-sort-value="7000571000000000000♠"></span><span style="color:green">+5.71%</span> </td> <td>219 sq mi (570 km<sup>2</sup>) </td> <td><span style="display:none" data-sort-value="7001862511415525114♠"></span>86/sq mi (33/km<sup>2</sup>) </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Jasper_County,_Georgia" title="Jasper County, Georgia">Jasper</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Monticello,_Georgia" title="Monticello, Georgia">Monticello</a> </td> <td style="text-align:right;">14,588 </td> <td style="text-align:right;">13,900 </td> <td style="text-align:right;"><span style="display:none" data-sort-value="7000495000000000000♠"></span><span style="color:green">+4.95%</span> </td> <td>373 sq mi (970 km<sup>2</sup>) </td> <td><span style="display:none" data-sort-value="7001391099195710455♠"></span>39/sq mi (15/km<sup>2</sup>) </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Heard_County,_Georgia" title="Heard County, Georgia">Heard</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Franklin,_Georgia" title="Franklin, Georgia">Franklin</a> </td> <td style="text-align:right;">11,412 </td> <td style="text-align:right;">11,834 </td> <td style="text-align:right;"><span style="display:none" data-sort-value="2999643000000000000♠"></span><span style="color:red">−3.57%</span> </td> <td>301 sq mi (780 km<sup>2</sup>) </td> <td><span style="display:none" data-sort-value="7001379136212624584♠"></span>38/sq mi (15/km<sup>2</sup>) </td></tr> <tr class="sortbottom" style="background:#fbfbbb"> <td><b>Total</b> </td> <td> </td> <td style="text-align:right;background-color:#fbfbbb;">6,104,803 </td> <td style="text-align:right;background-color:#fbfbbb;">5,298,377 </td> <td style="text-align:right;background-color:#fbfbbb;"><span style="display:none" data-sort-value="7001152200000000000♠"></span><span style="color:green">+15.22%</span> </td> <td>8,474 sq mi (21,950 km<sup>2</sup>) </td> <td><span style="display:none" data-sort-value="7002720415742270474♠"></span>720/sq mi (278/km<sup>2</sup>) </td></tr></tbody></table> <p>The 10 counties listed above with under 60,000 residents are usually not included in any other metropolitan definition except the OMB/Census Bureau's MSA and CSA. </p><p><a href="/wiki/Hall_County,_Georgia" title="Hall County, Georgia">Hall County</a> forms the <a href="/wiki/Gainesville,_GA_Metropolitan_Statistical_Area" class="mw-redirect" title="Gainesville, GA Metropolitan Statistical Area">Gainesville MSA</a>, but with astronomical growth to over 200,000 residents, is now also part of the Atlanta CSA. </p><p>The official tourism website of the State of Georgia features an <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.exploregeorgia.org/AtlantaMetro">"Atlanta Metro" tourism region</a> that includes only eight counties: Fulton, DeKalb, Gwinnett, Cobb, Clayton, Douglas, Fayette, and Henry. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Combined_statistical_area">Combined statistical area</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Metro_Atlanta&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Combined statistical area"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Atlanta_GA-AL_CSA">Atlanta GA-AL CSA</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Metro_Atlanta&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Atlanta GA-AL CSA"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <table class="wikitable sortable"> <tbody><tr> <th>Statistical area </th> <th>2020 census </th> <th>2010 census </th> <th>Change </th> <th>Area </th> <th>Density </th></tr> <tr> <td>Atlanta–Sandy Springs–Roswell, GA MSA </td> <td style="text-align:right;">6,089,815 </td> <td style="text-align:right;">5,286,728 </td> <td style="text-align:right;"><span style="display:none" data-sort-value="7001151900000000000♠"></span><span style="color:green">+15.19%</span> </td> <td>8,376 sq mi (21,690 km<sup>2</sup>) </td> <td><span style="display:none" data-sort-value="7002727055276981852♠"></span>727/sq mi (281/km<sup>2</sup>) </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Athens%E2%80%93Clarke_County_metropolitan_area" title="Athens–Clarke County metropolitan area">Athens–Clarke County, GA MSA</a> </td> <td style="text-align:right;">215,415 </td> <td style="text-align:right;">192,541 </td> <td style="text-align:right;"><span style="display:none" data-sort-value="7001118800000000000♠"></span><span style="color:green">+11.88%</span> </td> <td>1,035 sq mi (2,680 km<sup>2</sup>) </td> <td><span style="display:none" data-sort-value="7002208130434782608♠"></span>208/sq mi (80/km<sup>2</sup>) </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Gainesville,_GA_Metropolitan_Statistical_Area" class="mw-redirect" title="Gainesville, GA Metropolitan Statistical Area">Gainesville, GA MSA</a> </td> <td style="text-align:right;">203,136 </td> <td style="text-align:right;">179,684 </td> <td style="text-align:right;"><span style="display:none" data-sort-value="7001130500000000000♠"></span><span style="color:green">+13.05%</span> </td> <td>429 sq mi (1,110 km<sup>2</sup>) </td> <td><span style="display:none" data-sort-value="7002473510489510489♠"></span>474/sq mi (183/km<sup>2</sup>) </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/LaGrange,_GA_Micropolitan_Statistical_Area" class="mw-redirect" title="LaGrange, GA Micropolitan Statistical Area">LaGrange, GA-AL Micropolitan Statistical Area</a> </td> <td style="text-align:right;">104,198 </td> <td style="text-align:right;">101,259 </td> <td style="text-align:right;"><span style="display:none" data-sort-value="7000290000000000000♠"></span><span style="color:green">+2.90%</span> </td> <td>446 sq mi (1,160 km<sup>2</sup>) </td> <td><span style="display:none" data-sort-value="7002233627802690582♠"></span>234/sq mi (90/km<sup>2</sup>) </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Rome,_GA_Metropolitan_Statistical_Area" class="mw-redirect" title="Rome, GA Metropolitan Statistical Area">Rome, GA MSA</a> </td> <td style="text-align:right;">98,584 </td> <td style="text-align:right;">96,317 </td> <td style="text-align:right;"><span style="display:none" data-sort-value="7000235000000000000♠"></span><span style="color:green">+2.35%</span> </td> <td>518 sq mi (1,340 km<sup>2</sup>) </td> <td><span style="display:none" data-sort-value="7002190316602316602♠"></span>190/sq mi (73/km<sup>2</sup>) </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Jefferson,_GA_Micropolitan_Statistical_Area" class="mw-redirect" title="Jefferson, GA Micropolitan Statistical Area">Jefferson, GA Micropolitan Statistical Area</a> </td> <td style="text-align:right;">75,907 </td> <td style="text-align:right;">60,485 </td> <td style="text-align:right;"><span style="display:none" data-sort-value="7001255000000000000♠"></span><span style="color:green">+25.50%</span> </td> <td>343 sq mi (890 km<sup>2</sup>) </td> <td><span style="display:none" data-sort-value="7002221303206997084♠"></span>221/sq mi (85/km<sup>2</sup>) </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Cornelia,_GA_Micropolitan_Statistical_Area" class="mw-redirect" title="Cornelia, GA Micropolitan Statistical Area">Cornelia, GA Micropolitan Statistical Area</a> </td> <td style="text-align:right;">46,031 </td> <td style="text-align:right;">43,041 </td> <td style="text-align:right;"><span style="display:none" data-sort-value="7000695000000000000♠"></span><span style="color:green">+6.95%</span> </td> <td>279 sq mi (720 km<sup>2</sup>) </td> <td><span style="display:none" data-sort-value="7002164985663082437♠"></span>165/sq mi (64/km<sup>2</sup>) </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Cedartown,_GA_Micropolitan_Statistical_Area" class="mw-redirect" title="Cedartown, GA Micropolitan Statistical Area">Cedartown, GA Micropolitan Statistical Area</a> </td> <td style="text-align:right;">42,853 </td> <td style="text-align:right;">41,475 </td> <td style="text-align:right;"><span style="display:none" data-sort-value="7000332000000000000♠"></span><span style="color:green">+3.32%</span> </td> <td>312 sq mi (810 km<sup>2</sup>) </td> <td><span style="display:none" data-sort-value="7002137349358974358♠"></span>137/sq mi (53/km<sup>2</sup>) </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Thomaston,_GA_Micropolitan_Statistical_Area" class="mw-redirect" title="Thomaston, GA Micropolitan Statistical Area">Thomaston, GA Micropolitan Statistical Area</a> </td> <td style="text-align:right;">27,700 </td> <td style="text-align:right;">27,153 </td> <td style="text-align:right;"><span style="display:none" data-sort-value="7000200999999999999♠"></span><span style="color:green">+2.01%</span> </td> <td>328 sq mi (850 km<sup>2</sup>) </td> <td><span style="display:none" data-sort-value="7001844512195121951♠"></span>84/sq mi (33/km<sup>2</sup>) </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Toccoa,_GA_Micropolitan_Statistical_Area" class="mw-redirect" title="Toccoa, GA Micropolitan Statistical Area">Toccoa, GA Micropolitan Statistical Area</a> </td> <td style="text-align:right;">26,784 </td> <td style="text-align:right;">26,175 </td> <td style="text-align:right;"><span style="display:none" data-sort-value="7000233000000000000♠"></span><span style="color:green">+2.33%</span> </td> <td>184 sq mi (480 km<sup>2</sup>) </td> <td><span style="display:none" data-sort-value="7002145565217391304♠"></span>146/sq mi (56/km<sup>2</sup>) </td></tr> <tr class="sortbottom" style="background:#fbfbbb"> <td><b>Total</b> </td> <td style="text-align:right;background-color:#fbfbbb;">6,930,423 </td> <td style="text-align:right;background-color:#fbfbbb;">6,020,643 </td> <td style="text-align:right;background-color:#fbfbbb;"><span style="display:none" data-sort-value="7001151100000000000♠"></span><span style="color:green">+15.11%</span> </td> <td>12,250 sq mi (31,700 km<sup>2</sup>) </td> <td><span style="display:none" data-sort-value="7002565748816326530♠"></span>566/sq mi (218/km<sup>2</sup>) </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Municipalities">Municipalities</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Metro_Atlanta&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Municipalities"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="thumb tnone" style="margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto;overflow:hidden;width:auto;max-width:1008px"><div class="thumbinner"><div class="noresize" style="overflow:auto"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Atlanta_cityscape_032008.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="The skylines of Downtown, Midtown, Buckhead (all within the city of Atlanta), and Perimeter Center viewed from the southwest near Hartsfield–Jackson Atlanta International Airport"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b3/Atlanta_cityscape_032008.jpg/1000px-Atlanta_cityscape_032008.jpg" decoding="async" width="1000" height="285" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b3/Atlanta_cityscape_032008.jpg/1500px-Atlanta_cityscape_032008.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b3/Atlanta_cityscape_032008.jpg/2000px-Atlanta_cityscape_032008.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2488" data-file-height="708" /></a></span></div><div class="thumbcaption" style="text-align:center"><div class="magnify"><a href="/wiki/File:Atlanta_cityscape_032008.jpg" title="File:Atlanta cityscape 032008.jpg"> </a></div>The <a href="/wiki/Skyline" title="Skyline">skylines</a> of <a href="/wiki/Downtown_Atlanta" title="Downtown Atlanta">Downtown</a>, <a href="/wiki/Midtown_Atlanta" title="Midtown Atlanta">Midtown</a>, <a href="/wiki/Buckhead" title="Buckhead">Buckhead</a> (all within the city of Atlanta), and <a href="/wiki/Perimeter_Center" title="Perimeter Center">Perimeter Center</a> viewed from the southwest near <a href="/wiki/Hartsfield%E2%80%93Jackson_Atlanta_International_Airport" title="Hartsfield–Jackson Atlanta International Airport">Hartsfield–Jackson Atlanta International Airport</a></div></div></div> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Atlanta-suburbs.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/71/Atlanta-suburbs.png/360px-Atlanta-suburbs.png" decoding="async" width="360" height="454" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/71/Atlanta-suburbs.png/540px-Atlanta-suburbs.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/71/Atlanta-suburbs.png/720px-Atlanta-suburbs.png 2x" data-file-width="1266" data-file-height="1597" /></a><figcaption>Atlanta suburbs and surrounding cities map. Note that the newly incorporated cities of <a href="/wiki/Brookhaven,_Georgia" title="Brookhaven, Georgia">Brookhaven</a>, <a href="/wiki/Peachtree_Corners,_Georgia" title="Peachtree Corners, Georgia">Peachtree Corners</a>, <a href="/wiki/Tucker,_Georgia" title="Tucker, Georgia">Tucker</a>, <a href="/wiki/Stonecrest,_Georgia" title="Stonecrest, Georgia">Stonecrest</a>, <a href="/wiki/South_Fulton,_Georgia" title="South Fulton, Georgia">South Fulton</a>, <a href="/wiki/Mableton,_Georgia" title="Mableton, Georgia">Mableton</a> and <a href="/wiki/Chattahoochee_Hills,_Georgia" title="Chattahoochee Hills, Georgia">Chattahoochee Hills</a> are not yet shown as incorporated (gray) on the map.</figcaption></figure> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Edge_cities">Edge cities</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Metro_Atlanta&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Edge cities"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cumberland_(Atlanta)" class="mw-redirect" title="Cumberland (Atlanta)">Cumberland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Perimeter_Center" title="Perimeter Center">Perimeter Center</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hartsfield-Jackson_Atlanta_International_Airport" class="mw-redirect" title="Hartsfield-Jackson Atlanta International Airport">Hartsfield-Jackson</a> area</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gwinnett_Place_Mall" title="Gwinnett Place Mall">Gwinnett Place</a>/<a href="/wiki/Sugarloaf_Mills" title="Sugarloaf Mills">Sugarloaf</a> area</li></ul> <p>More than one half of metro Atlanta's population is in unincorporated areas or areas considered a <a href="/wiki/Census-designated_place" title="Census-designated place">census-designated-place</a> (CDP) by the census bureau. One notable example is <a href="/wiki/East_Cobb,_Georgia" title="East Cobb, Georgia">East Cobb</a>, an unincorporated area (though not a CDP) adjacent to <a href="/wiki/Marietta,_Georgia" title="Marietta, Georgia">Marietta</a> and <a href="/wiki/Roswell,_Georgia" title="Roswell, Georgia">Roswell</a> in Cobb County. With an estimated population of approximately 164,055 as of 2020, it would be the second largest city in the metro besides Atlanta if incorporated.<sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Metro Atlanta includes the following incorporated and unincorporated suburbs (both inside and outside Atlanta), exurbs, and surrounding cities, sorted by population according to 2020 census data (or later data if the city was incorporated after 2020 and census data is unavailable):<sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Cities_and_suburbs">Cities and suburbs</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Metro_Atlanta&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Cities and suburbs"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><b>Principal Cities</b> </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Atlanta" title="Atlanta">Atlanta</a> pop. 498,044</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Athens,_Georgia" title="Athens, Georgia">Athens</a> (included in CSA) pop. 127,315</li></ul> <p><b>Places with 100,000 to 399,999 inhabitants</b> </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/East_Cobb,_Georgia" title="East Cobb, Georgia">East Cobb</a> (unincorporated) pop. 164,055</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sandy_Springs,_Georgia" title="Sandy Springs, Georgia">Sandy Springs</a> pop. 108,080</li> <li><a href="/wiki/South_Fulton,_Georgia" title="South Fulton, Georgia">South Fulton</a> pop. 107,436</li></ul> <p><b>Places with 75,000 to 99,999 inhabitants</b> </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Roswell,_Georgia" title="Roswell, Georgia">Roswell</a> pop. 92,833</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vickery_Creek" title="Vickery Creek">Big Creek</a> (unincorporated) pop. 83,277</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Johns_Creek,_Georgia" title="Johns Creek, Georgia">Johns Creek</a> pop. 82,453</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mableton,_Georgia" title="Mableton, Georgia">Mableton</a> (incorporated 2022) pop. 78,000</li></ul> <p><b>Places with 50,000 to 74,999 inhabitants</b> </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Lost_Mountain,_Georgia" title="Lost Mountain, Georgia">Lost Mountain</a> (unincorporated) pop. 73,312</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alpharetta,_Georgia" title="Alpharetta, Georgia">Alpharetta</a> pop. 65,818</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marietta,_Georgia" title="Marietta, Georgia">Marietta</a> pop. 60,972</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stonecrest,_Georgia" title="Stonecrest, Georgia">Stonecrest</a> pop. 59,194</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Smyrna,_Georgia" title="Smyrna, Georgia">Smyrna</a> pop. 55,663</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brookhaven,_Georgia" title="Brookhaven, Georgia">Brookhaven</a> pop. 55,161</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dunwoody,_Georgia" title="Dunwoody, Georgia">Dunwoody</a> pop. 51,683</li></ul> <p><b>Places with 25,000 to 49,999 inhabitants</b> </p> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1184024115"><div class="div-col" style="column-width: 23em;"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ellenwood,_Georgia" title="Ellenwood, Georgia">Ellenwood</a> (unincorporated) pop. 46,967</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bill_Arp,_Georgia" title="Bill Arp, Georgia">Bill Arp</a> (unincorporated) pop. 44,518</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peachtree_Corners,_Georgia" title="Peachtree Corners, Georgia">Peachtree Corners</a> pop. 43,905</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Newnan,_Georgia" title="Newnan, Georgia">Newnan</a> pop. 42,549</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gainesville,_Georgia" title="Gainesville, Georgia">Gainesville</a> (included in CSA) pop. 42,296</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Milton,_Georgia" title="Milton, Georgia">Milton</a> pop. 41,296</li> <li><a href="/wiki/East_Point,_Georgia" title="East Point, Georgia">East Point</a> pop. 38,358</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tucker,_Georgia" title="Tucker, Georgia">Tucker</a> pop. 35,322</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Woodstock,_Georgia" title="Woodstock, Georgia">Woodstock</a> pop. 35,065</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Douglasville,_Georgia" title="Douglasville, Georgia">Douglasville</a> pop. 34,650</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peachtree_City,_Georgia" title="Peachtree City, Georgia">Peachtree City</a> pop. 34,364</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kennesaw,_Georgia" title="Kennesaw, Georgia">Kennesaw</a> pop. 33,036</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Canton,_Georgia" title="Canton, Georgia">Canton</a> pop. 32,973</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chamblee,_Georgia" title="Chamblee, Georgia">Chamblee</a> pop. 32,251</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Duluth,_Georgia" title="Duluth, Georgia">Duluth</a> pop. 31,873</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Redan,_Georgia" title="Redan, Georgia">Redan</a> (CDP) pop. 31,749</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lawrenceville,_Georgia" title="Lawrenceville, Georgia">Lawrenceville</a> pop. 30,629</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Silver_City,_Georgia" title="Silver City, Georgia">Silver City</a> (unincorporated) pop. 29,495</li> <li><a href="/wiki/McDonough,_Georgia" title="McDonough, Georgia">McDonough</a> pop. 29,051</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stockbridge,_Georgia" title="Stockbridge, Georgia">Stockbridge</a> pop. 28,973</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Union_City,_Georgia" title="Union City, Georgia">Union City</a> pop. 26,830</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Carrollton,_Georgia" title="Carrollton, Georgia">Carrollton</a> pop. 26,738</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sugar_Hill,_Georgia" title="Sugar Hill, Georgia">Sugar Hill</a> pop. 25,076</li></ul> </div> <p><b>Places with 24,999 or fewer inhabitants</b> </p> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1184024115"><div class="div-col" style="column-width: 21em;"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Decatur,_Georgia" title="Decatur, Georgia">Decatur</a> pop. 24,928</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Griffin,_Georgia" title="Griffin, Georgia">Griffin</a> pop. 23,478</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Clarkdale,_Georgia" title="Clarkdale, Georgia">Clarkdale</a> (unincorporated) pop. 23,401</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cartersville,_Georgia" title="Cartersville, Georgia">Cartersville</a> pop. 23,187</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Candler-McAfee,_Georgia" title="Candler-McAfee, Georgia">Candler-McAfee</a> (CDP) pop. 22,468</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Acworth,_Georgia" title="Acworth, Georgia">Acworth</a> pop. 22,440</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Lathemtown,_Georgia&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Lathemtown, Georgia (page does not exist)">Lathemtown</a> pop. 21,110</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Suwanee,_Georgia" title="Suwanee, Georgia">Suwanee</a> pop. 20,786</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Snellville,_Georgia" title="Snellville, Georgia">Snellville</a> pop. 20,573</li> <li><a href="/wiki/North_Druid_Hills,_Georgia" title="North Druid Hills, Georgia">North Druid Hills</a> (CDP) pop. 20,385</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Forest_Park,_Georgia" title="Forest Park, Georgia">Forest Park</a> pop. 19,932</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fayetteville,_Georgia" title="Fayetteville, Georgia">Fayetteville</a> pop. 18,957</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Winder,_Georgia" title="Winder, Georgia">Winder</a> pop. 18,338</li> <li><a href="/wiki/North_Decatur,_Georgia" title="North Decatur, Georgia">North Decatur</a> (CDP) pop. 18,511</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Conyers,_Georgia" title="Conyers, Georgia">Conyers</a> pop. 17,305</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Norcross,_Georgia" title="Norcross, Georgia">Norcross</a> pop. 17,209</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Buford,_Georgia" title="Buford, Georgia">Buford</a> pop. 17,144</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Villa_Rica,_Georgia" title="Villa Rica, Georgia">Villa Rica</a> pop. 16,970</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Powder_Springs,_Georgia" title="Powder Springs, Georgia">Powder Springs</a> pop. 16,887</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lithia_Springs,_Georgia" title="Lithia Springs, Georgia">Lithia Springs</a> (CDP) pop. 16,644</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rex,_Georgia" title="Rex, Georgia">Rex</a> (unincorporated) pop. 16,580</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fairburn,_Georgia" title="Fairburn, Georgia">Fairburn</a> pop. 16,483</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Riverdale,_Georgia" title="Riverdale, Georgia">Riverdale</a> pop. 15,129</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Belvedere_Park,_Georgia" title="Belvedere Park, Georgia">Belvedere Park</a> (CDP) pop. 15,113</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Monroe,_Georgia" title="Monroe, Georgia">Monroe</a> pop. 14,928</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Clarkston,_Georgia" title="Clarkston, Georgia">Clarkston</a> pop. 14,756</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Druid_Hills,_Georgia" title="Druid Hills, Georgia">Druid Hills</a> (CDP) pop. 14,568</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lilburn,_Georgia" title="Lilburn, Georgia">Lilburn</a> pop. 14,502</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Covington,_Georgia" title="Covington, Georgia">Covington</a> pop. 14,192</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Loganville,_Georgia" title="Loganville, Georgia">Loganville</a> pop. 14,127</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dallas,_Georgia" title="Dallas, Georgia">Dallas</a> pop. 14,092</li> <li><a href="/wiki/College_Park,_Georgia" title="College Park, Georgia">College Park</a> pop. 13,930</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Braselton,_Georgia" title="Braselton, Georgia">Braselton</a> pop. 13,403</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mountain_Park,_Gwinnett_County,_Georgia" title="Mountain Park, Gwinnett County, Georgia">Mountain Park (Gwinnett)</a> (CDP) pop. 13,089</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vinings,_Georgia" title="Vinings, Georgia">Vinings</a> (CDP) pop. 12,581</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Panthersville,_Georgia" title="Panthersville, Georgia">Panthersville</a> (CDP) pop. 11,237</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Doraville,_Georgia" title="Doraville, Georgia">Doraville</a> pop. 10,623</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thomaston,_Georgia" title="Thomaston, Georgia">Thomaston</a> pop. 9,816</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Irondale,_Georgia" title="Irondale, Georgia">Irondale</a> (CDP) pop. 8,704</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tyrone,_Georgia" title="Tyrone, Georgia">Tyrone</a> pop. 7,658</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hampton,_Georgia" title="Hampton, Georgia">Hampton</a> pop. 6,987</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Auburn,_Georgia" title="Auburn, Georgia">Auburn</a> (CDP) pop. 6,887</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Barnesville,_Georgia" title="Barnesville, Georgia">Barnesville</a> pop. 6,775</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Austell,_Georgia" title="Austell, Georgia">Austell</a> pop. 6,581</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Morrow,_Georgia" title="Morrow, Georgia">Morrow</a> pop. 6,445</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lovejoy,_Georgia" title="Lovejoy, Georgia">Lovejoy</a> pop. 6,422</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hapeville,_Georgia" title="Hapeville, Georgia">Hapeville</a> pop. 6,373</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Conley,_Georgia" title="Conley, Georgia">Conley</a> (CDP) pop. 6,228</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stone_Mountain,_Georgia" title="Stone Mountain, Georgia">Stone Mountain</a> pop. 5,802</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Flowery_Branch,_Georgia" title="Flowery Branch, Georgia">Flowery Branch</a> pop. 5,679</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cumming,_Georgia" title="Cumming, Georgia">Cumming</a> pop. 5,430</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Locust_Grove,_Georgia" title="Locust Grove, Georgia">Locust Grove</a> pop. 5,402</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jonesboro,_Georgia" title="Jonesboro, Georgia">Jonesboro</a> pop. 4,724</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Palmetto,_Georgia" title="Palmetto, Georgia">Palmetto</a> pop. 4,448</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dacula,_Georgia" title="Dacula, Georgia">Dacula</a> pop. 4,442</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bonanza,_Georgia" title="Bonanza, Georgia">Bonanza</a> (CDP) pop. 3,135</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Avondale_Estates,_Georgia" title="Avondale Estates, Georgia">Avondale Estates</a> pop. 2,960</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lakeview_Estates" class="mw-redirect" title="Lakeview Estates">Lakeview Estates</a> (CDP) pop. 2,695</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Grayson,_Georgia" title="Grayson, Georgia">Grayson</a> pop. 2,666</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lake_City,_Georgia" title="Lake City, Georgia">Lake City</a> pop. 2,612</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chattahoochee_Hills" class="mw-redirect" title="Chattahoochee Hills">Chattahoochee Hills</a> pop. 2,378</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lithonia,_Georgia" title="Lithonia, Georgia">Lithonia</a> pop. 1,924</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Berkeley_Lake,_Georgia" title="Berkeley Lake, Georgia">Berkeley Lake</a> pop. 1,574</li></ul> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Geography">Geography</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Metro_Atlanta&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Geography"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1251242444"><table class="box-Unreferenced_section plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-content ambox-Unreferenced" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><div class="mbox-image-div"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Question_book-new.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/50px-Question_book-new.svg.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="39" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/75px-Question_book-new.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/100px-Question_book-new.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="399" /></a></span></div></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span">This section <b>does not <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citing_sources" title="Wikipedia:Citing sources">cite</a> any <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability" title="Wikipedia:Verifiability">sources</a></b>.<span class="hide-when-compact"> Please help <a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Metro_Atlanta" title="Special:EditPage/Metro Atlanta">improve this section</a> by <a href="/wiki/Help:Referencing_for_beginners" title="Help:Referencing for beginners">adding citations to reliable sources</a>. Unsourced material may be challenged and <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability#Burden_of_evidence" title="Wikipedia:Verifiability">removed</a>.</span> <span class="date-container"><i>(<span class="date">September 2023</span>)</i></span><span class="hide-when-compact"><i> (<small><a href="/wiki/Help:Maintenance_template_removal" title="Help:Maintenance template removal">Learn how and when to remove this message</a></small>)</i></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="thumb tnone" style="margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto;overflow:hidden;width:auto;max-width:707px"><div class="thumbinner"><div class="noresize" style="overflow:auto"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Atlanta_Skyline,_May_2013.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="The topography and geography of Atlanta"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5a/Atlanta_Skyline%2C_May_2013.jpg/699px-Atlanta_Skyline%2C_May_2013.jpg" decoding="async" width="699" height="155" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5a/Atlanta_Skyline%2C_May_2013.jpg/1049px-Atlanta_Skyline%2C_May_2013.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5a/Atlanta_Skyline%2C_May_2013.jpg/1398px-Atlanta_Skyline%2C_May_2013.jpg 2x" data-file-width="16183" data-file-height="3581" /></a></span></div><div class="thumbcaption" style="text-align:center"><div class="magnify"><a href="/wiki/File:Atlanta_Skyline,_May_2013.jpg" title="File:Atlanta Skyline, May 2013.jpg"> </a></div>The topography and geography of Atlanta</div></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Topography_and_geology">Topography and geology</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Metro_Atlanta&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Topography and geology"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1251242444"><table class="box-Unreferenced_section plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-content ambox-Unreferenced" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><div class="mbox-image-div"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Question_book-new.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/50px-Question_book-new.svg.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="39" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/75px-Question_book-new.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/100px-Question_book-new.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="399" /></a></span></div></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span">This section <b>does not <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citing_sources" title="Wikipedia:Citing sources">cite</a> any <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability" title="Wikipedia:Verifiability">sources</a></b>.<span class="hide-when-compact"> Please help <a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Metro_Atlanta" title="Special:EditPage/Metro Atlanta">improve this section</a> by <a href="/wiki/Help:Referencing_for_beginners" title="Help:Referencing for beginners">adding citations to reliable sources</a>. Unsourced material may be challenged and <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability#Burden_of_evidence" title="Wikipedia:Verifiability">removed</a>.</span> <span class="date-container"><i>(<span class="date">August 2024</span>)</i></span><span class="hide-when-compact"><i> (<small><a href="/wiki/Help:Maintenance_template_removal" title="Help:Maintenance template removal">Learn how and when to remove this message</a></small>)</i></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <p>The area sprawls across the low <a href="/wiki/Foothills" title="Foothills">foothills</a> of the <a href="/wiki/Appalachian_Mountains" title="Appalachian Mountains">Appalachian Mountains</a> to the north and the <a href="/wiki/Piedmont_(United_States)" title="Piedmont (United States)">Piedmont</a> to the south. The northern and some western suburbs tend to be higher and significantly more <a href="/wiki/Hill" title="Hill">hilly</a> than the southern and eastern suburbs. The average elevation is around 1,000 feet (300 m). </p><p>The highest point in the immediate area is <a href="/wiki/Kennesaw_Mountain" title="Kennesaw Mountain">Kennesaw Mountain</a> at 1,808 ft (551 m), followed by <a href="/wiki/Stone_Mountain" title="Stone Mountain">Stone Mountain</a> at 1,686 ft (514 m), <a href="/wiki/Sweat_Mountain" title="Sweat Mountain">Sweat Mountain</a> at 1,640 ft (500 m), and <a href="/wiki/Little_Kennesaw_Mountain" title="Little Kennesaw Mountain">Little Kennesaw Mountain</a> at 1,600 ft (488 m). Others include <a href="/w/index.php?title=Blackjack_Mountain_(Cobb_County,_Georgia)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Blackjack Mountain (Cobb County, Georgia) (page does not exist)">Blackjack Mountain</a>, <a href="/wiki/Lost_Mountain" title="Lost Mountain">Lost Mountain</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Brushy_Mountain_(Cobb_County,_Georgia)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Brushy Mountain (Cobb County, Georgia) (page does not exist)">Brushy Mountain</a>, <a href="/wiki/Pine_Mountain_(Cobb_County,_Georgia)" title="Pine Mountain (Cobb County, Georgia)">Pine Mountain</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Mount_Wilkinson" title="Mount Wilkinson">Mount Wilkinson</a> (<a href="/wiki/Vinings_Mountain" class="mw-redirect" title="Vinings Mountain">Vinings Mountain</a>). Many of these play prominently in the various <a href="/wiki/Battle" title="Battle">battles</a> of the <a href="/wiki/Atlanta_Campaign" class="mw-redirect" title="Atlanta Campaign">Atlanta Campaign</a> during the <a href="/wiki/American_Civil_War" title="American Civil War">American Civil War</a>. If the further-north counties are included, <a href="/wiki/Bear_Mountain_(Georgia)" title="Bear Mountain (Georgia)">Bear Mountain</a> is highest, followed by <a href="/wiki/Pine_Log_Mountain" title="Pine Log Mountain">Pine Log Mountain</a>, <a href="/wiki/Sawnee_Mountain" title="Sawnee Mountain">Sawnee Mountain</a>, and <a href="/w/index.php?title=Hanging_Mountain&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Hanging Mountain (page does not exist)">Hanging Mountain</a>, followed by the others listed above. Stone, Sweat, Bear, and Sawnee are all home to some of <a href="/wiki/List_of_Atlanta_broadcast_stations_by_location#Mountains" title="List of Atlanta broadcast stations by location">the area's broadcast stations</a>. </p><p>The area's <a href="/wiki/Subsoil" title="Subsoil">subsoil</a> is a dense clay soil, colored <a href="/wiki/Rust" title="Rust">rusty</a> by the <a href="/wiki/Iron_oxide" title="Iron oxide">iron oxide</a> present in it. It becomes very <a href="/wiki/Mud" title="Mud">muddy</a> and sticky when wet, and hard when dry, and <a href="/wiki/Stain" title="Stain">stains</a> light-colored <a href="/wiki/Carpet" title="Carpet">carpets</a> and <a href="/wiki/Clothing" title="Clothing">clothing</a> easily. It also tends to have a low <a href="/wiki/PH" title="PH">pH</a>, further aggravating gardeners. The fineness of it also means it is easily deposited into streams during heavy rains, creating <a href="/wiki/Silt" title="Silt">silt</a> problems where it is exposed due to construction. This transported red soil can be seen downstream on the <a href="/wiki/Bank_(geography)" title="Bank (geography)">riverbanks</a> of south Georgia (where the native clay is white), and down to the <a href="/wiki/Florida_panhandle" title="Florida panhandle">Florida panhandle</a> (where the native <a href="/wiki/Sand" title="Sand">sand</a> is also white). <a href="/wiki/Topsoil" title="Topsoil">Topsoil</a> is present only in natural forest areas, created by the <a href="/wiki/Decomposition" title="Decomposition">decomposition</a> of <a href="/wiki/Leaf_litter" class="mw-redirect" title="Leaf litter">leaf litter</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Earthquakes_and_fault_lines">Earthquakes and fault lines</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Metro_Atlanta&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: Earthquakes and fault lines"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>An extinct <a href="/wiki/Fault_line" class="mw-redirect" title="Fault line">fault line</a> called the Brevard Fault runs roughly parallel to the <a href="/wiki/Chattahoochee_River" title="Chattahoochee River">Chattahoochee River</a>, but as its last movements were apparently <a href="/wiki/Prehistoric" class="mw-redirect" title="Prehistoric">prehistoric</a>, it is considered extinct and not a threat to the region. Still, minor <a href="/wiki/Earthquake" title="Earthquake">earthquakes</a> do rattle the area (and all of Georgia) occasionally. <a href="/wiki/2003_Alabama_earthquake" title="2003 Alabama earthquake">One notable one was in April 2003</a> (magnitude 4.6) coming from the northwest, its <a href="/wiki/Epicenter" title="Epicenter">epicenter</a> just across the state line in northeastern Alabama. While many people slept through the 5<small>A.M.</small> quake, it caused a minor panic in others completely unaware of what was happening. Similar earthquakes occur in this region called the <a href="/wiki/Eastern_Tennessee_seismic_zone" title="Eastern Tennessee seismic zone">Eastern Tennessee seismic zone</a>, often felt much more widely across the stronger <a href="/wiki/Earth%27s_crust" title="Earth's crust">crust</a> of eastern North America as compared to the west. </p><p>Thus, the <a href="/wiki/1886_Charleston_earthquake" title="1886 Charleston earthquake">1886 Charleston, South Carolina earthquake</a> was also felt in Atlanta and throughout the Southeast. It caused damage as far as central Alabama and West Virginia. Two small earthquakes were also felt on the southeast side near <a href="/wiki/Eatonton,_Georgia" title="Eatonton, Georgia">Eatonton</a> in early April 2009. The <a href="/wiki/New_Madrid_seismic_zone" title="New Madrid seismic zone">New Madrid seismic zone</a> (near the Missouri-Tennessee borders) and the <a href="/wiki/Seismic_zone" title="Seismic zone">seismic zone</a> producing the 1886 magnitude 7.3 earthquake are still capable of producing moderate or major earthquakes, which the entire Atlanta area will feel moderately or even strongly. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Climate">Climate</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Metro_Atlanta&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: Climate"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1251242444"><table class="box-Unreferenced_section plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-content ambox-Unreferenced" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><div class="mbox-image-div"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Question_book-new.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/50px-Question_book-new.svg.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="39" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/75px-Question_book-new.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/100px-Question_book-new.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="399" /></a></span></div></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span">This section <b>does not <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citing_sources" title="Wikipedia:Citing sources">cite</a> any <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability" title="Wikipedia:Verifiability">sources</a></b>.<span class="hide-when-compact"> Please help <a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Metro_Atlanta" title="Special:EditPage/Metro Atlanta">improve this section</a> by <a href="/wiki/Help:Referencing_for_beginners" title="Help:Referencing for beginners">adding citations to reliable sources</a>. Unsourced material may be challenged and <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability#Burden_of_evidence" title="Wikipedia:Verifiability">removed</a>.</span> <span class="date-container"><i>(<span class="date">August 2024</span>)</i></span><span class="hide-when-compact"><i> (<small><a href="/wiki/Help:Maintenance_template_removal" title="Help:Maintenance template removal">Learn how and when to remove this message</a></small>)</i></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Climate_of_Atlanta" class="mw-redirect" title="Climate of Atlanta">Climate of Atlanta</a></div> <p>The Atlanta metro area has a <a href="/wiki/Humid_subtropical_climate" title="Humid subtropical climate">humid subtropical climate</a> with four <a href="/wiki/Season" title="Season">seasons</a>. Summer is the longest. January daily lows average from 32–35 °F (0–2 °C) north to south, and highs range from 48–54 °F (9–12 °C), but often reach well above or below this average. There is an average annual snowfall of about 2.5 inches (6.4 cm), falling mostly from December through March, though there was snow north of the city on April 3, 1987. Snow flurries are actually common during the winter months when there is an especially deep trough in the jet stream. These events usually do not amount to more than a slight dusting and therefore go unrecognized in most weather summaries. </p><p>Summers are long and consistently hot and humid. July mornings average 71 °F (22 °C) and afternoons average 89 °F (32 °C), with slight breezes, and typically a 20–40% chance of afternoon <a href="/wiki/Thunderstorm" title="Thunderstorm">thunderstorms</a>. During the summer afternoon thunderstorms, temperatures may suddenly drop to 70–77 degrees with locally heavy rainfall. Average annual rainfall is about 50.2 inches (1,280 mm). Late winter and early spring, as well as July, are the wettest. Fall, especially October, is the driest. </p><p>From 1878 to 2011, the highest recorded temperatures at Atlanta were 105 °F (40.6 °C) on three days in the extraordinarily hot July 1980, followed by 104 °F (40 °C) that month and in August 2007, the hottest month ever for the area. This was broken on the last day of June 2012, when the temperature reached 106 °F (41.1 °C), during a massive <a href="/wiki/Heat_wave" title="Heat wave">heat wave</a> that hit most of the country, with another 105 the next day tying the July record. The lowest recorded temperatures were −6 °F (−21 °C) and −8 °F (−22 °C) on January 20 and 21 of 1985, and −9 °F (−23 °C) on February 13, 1899, during severe cold snaps that went so far south they devastated the entire <a href="/wiki/Citrus" title="Citrus">citrus</a> industry in <a href="/wiki/Central_Florida" title="Central Florida">central Florida</a>. </p><p><a href="/wiki/Hurricane_Opal" title="Hurricane Opal">Hurricane Opal</a> brought sustained <a href="/wiki/Tropical_storm" class="mw-redirect" title="Tropical storm">tropical storm</a> conditions to the area one night in early October 1995, uprooting hundreds of <a href="/wiki/Tree" title="Tree">trees</a> and causing widespread <a href="/wiki/Power_outage" title="Power outage">power outages</a>, after soaking the area with rain for two days prior. Since 1950, some metro counties have been hit more than 20 times by tornadoes. Cobb (26) and Fulton (22) are two of the highest in the state. The <a href="/wiki/Dunwoody_tornado" class="mw-redirect" title="Dunwoody tornado">Dunwoody tornado</a> in early April 1998 was the worst <a href="/wiki/Tornado" title="Tornado">tornado</a> to have struck the area. A <a href="/wiki/2008_Atlanta_tornado" class="mw-redirect" title="2008 Atlanta tornado">tornado struck downtown Atlanta</a> in March 2008, causing a half-billion dollars in damage. </p><p>The area experiences a <a href="/wiki/Winter_storm" title="Winter storm">winter storm</a> with significant <a href="/wiki/Snow" title="Snow">snowfall</a> about once each year. This can be extremely irregular, with several consecutive years receiving no measurable snow. A <a href="/wiki/Blizzard" title="Blizzard">blizzard</a> (see: <a href="/wiki/1993_Storm_of_the_Century" title="1993 Storm of the Century">1993 Storm of the Century</a>) caught much of the Southeast off-guard in 1993, dumping 4.5 inches (11.4 cm) at the Atlanta airport on March 13, and much more than that in the suburbs to the north and west, as well as in the mountains. The only other recorded winter storm of comparable severity was the <a href="/wiki/Great_Blizzard_of_1899" title="Great Blizzard of 1899">Great Blizzard of 1899</a>. The heaviest snow was in January 1940, when 8.3 inches (21.1 cm) buried the city during its coldest month on record. The second-heaviest was in 1983, when a very late storm dumped 7.9 inches (20.1 cm) on March 24. <a href="/wiki/Ice_storms" class="mw-redirect" title="Ice storms">Ice storms</a> have occurred in the area. The well-remembered 1973 ice storm was brutal, as was the storm in 1982. </p><p>The Southeastern U.S. drought of 2006–2008 began with dry weather in 2006, and left area lakes very low. The drought began to abate significantly after the <a href="/wiki/2009_Atlanta_floods" class="mw-redirect" title="2009 Atlanta floods">2009 Atlanta floods</a>, when some areas got up to 20 inches (500 mm) of rain in a week, with half of that falling in just 24 hours near the end of the period. The <a href="/wiki/USGS" class="mw-redirect" title="USGS">USGS</a> calculated it to be a greater-than-<a href="/wiki/500-year_flood" class="mw-redirect" title="500-year flood">500-year flood</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Environment">Environment</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Metro_Atlanta&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: Environment"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1251242444"><table class="box-Unreferenced_section plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-content ambox-Unreferenced" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><div class="mbox-image-div"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Question_book-new.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/50px-Question_book-new.svg.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="39" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/75px-Question_book-new.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/100px-Question_book-new.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="399" /></a></span></div></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span">This section <b>does not <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citing_sources" title="Wikipedia:Citing sources">cite</a> any <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability" title="Wikipedia:Verifiability">sources</a></b>.<span class="hide-when-compact"> Please help <a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Metro_Atlanta" title="Special:EditPage/Metro Atlanta">improve this section</a> by <a href="/wiki/Help:Referencing_for_beginners" title="Help:Referencing for beginners">adding citations to reliable sources</a>. Unsourced material may be challenged and <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability#Burden_of_evidence" title="Wikipedia:Verifiability">removed</a>.</span> <span class="date-container"><i>(<span class="date">August 2024</span>)</i></span><span class="hide-when-compact"><i> (<small><a href="/wiki/Help:Maintenance_template_removal" title="Help:Maintenance template removal">Learn how and when to remove this message</a></small>)</i></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <p>The area's prolific rains are drained by many different <a href="/wiki/Stream" title="Stream">streams</a> and creeks. The main <a href="/wiki/Drainage_basin" title="Drainage basin">basin</a> is that of the <a href="/wiki/Chattahoochee_River" title="Chattahoochee River">Chattahoochee River</a>, running northeast to southwest. The further northwestern suburbs drain into the <a href="/wiki/Etowah_River" title="Etowah River">Etowah River</a> via the <a href="/wiki/Little_River_(northern_Georgia)" class="mw-redirect" title="Little River (northern Georgia)">Little River</a> and <a href="/wiki/Lake_Allatoona" title="Lake Allatoona">Lake Allatoona</a>. The southern suburbs are drained by the <a href="/wiki/Flint_River_(Georgia)" class="mw-redirect" title="Flint River (Georgia)">Flint River</a>, and the east-southeastern ones by the <a href="/wiki/Oconee_River" title="Oconee River">Oconee River</a> and <a href="/wiki/Yellow_River_(Georgia)" title="Yellow River (Georgia)">Yellow River</a>. </p><p>By 2005 the metro area was using 360 million US gallons (1,400,000 m<sup>3</sup>) of water per day (about 80 US gallons (300 L) per person per day) from these rivers. This usage was reduced by more than 10% during the drought, but soared back up after watering restrictions were eased (and before the flooding ensued). The need for water is seen as a barrier to further growth in the area, but permanent measures for non-emergency <a href="/wiki/Water_conservation" title="Water conservation">water conservation</a> have never been put in place.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (April 2016)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> The state legislature has refused to pass a requirement for <a href="/wiki/Low-flow_toilet" class="mw-redirect" title="Low-flow toilet">low-flow toilets</a> to be installed in homes that are sold, bowing to <a href="/wiki/Lobbying" title="Lobbying">pressure</a> from the <a href="/wiki/Real_estate" title="Real estate">real estate</a> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Home_selling&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Home selling (page does not exist)">sales</a> industry.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (April 2016)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p><p>Disputes over water are becoming increasingly common, with both <a href="/wiki/Alabama" title="Alabama">Alabama</a> and <a href="/wiki/Florida" title="Florida">Florida</a> filing <a href="/wiki/Lawsuit" title="Lawsuit">lawsuits</a> and threatening <a href="/wiki/Injunction" title="Injunction">injunctions</a> to prevent Georgia from taking too much water, mostly for metro Atlanta.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (April 2016)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> <a href="/wiki/South_Carolina" title="South Carolina">South Carolina</a> also threatened when a <a href="/wiki/Pipeline_transport" class="mw-redirect" title="Pipeline transport">pipeline</a> east to the <a href="/wiki/Savannah_River" title="Savannah River">Savannah River</a> was mentioned even informally.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (April 2016)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> The state has now been ordered by a judge to reduce withdrawals from the Chattahoochee south of Lanier to 1970s levels within three years (2012), something that would create an immediate emergency water shortage if it were actually enforced.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (April 2016)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Flora">Flora</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Metro_Atlanta&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: Flora"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The native <a href="/wiki/Forest" title="Forest">forest</a> <a href="/wiki/Canopy_(forest)" class="mw-redirect" title="Canopy (forest)">canopy</a> is mainly <a href="/wiki/Oak" title="Oak">oak</a>, redbud, <a href="/wiki/Hickory" title="Hickory">hickory</a>, <a href="/wiki/Populus" title="Populus">poplar</a>, <a href="/wiki/Tuliptree" class="mw-redirect" title="Tuliptree">tuliptree</a>, <a href="/wiki/Pine" title="Pine">pine</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Liquidambar_styraciflua" title="Liquidambar styraciflua">sweetgum</a>, with <a href="/wiki/American_chestnut" title="American chestnut">chestnut</a> having been common decades before in what is now considered <a href="/wiki/Oak-hickory_forest" class="mw-redirect" title="Oak-hickory forest">oak-hickory forest</a>. <a href="/wiki/Saw_palmetto" class="mw-redirect" title="Saw palmetto">Saw palmetto</a>, <a href="/wiki/Sabal_palmetto" title="Sabal palmetto">Sabal palmetto</a> and <a href="/wiki/Trachycarpus_fortunei" title="Trachycarpus fortunei">Trachycarpus fortunei</a> have become common ornamentals as well. Traveling from the south, the metro area is generally the first area in which <a href="/wiki/Autumn_leaf_color" title="Autumn leaf color">autumn leaf color</a> can be seen, due to the different trees growing at the higher elevation and <a href="/wiki/Latitude" title="Latitude">latitude</a>. <a href="/wiki/Understory" title="Understory">Underneath</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Flowering_dogwood" class="mw-redirect" title="Flowering dogwood">flowering dogwood</a> is very common, the <a href="/wiki/Black_cherry" class="mw-redirect" title="Black cherry">black cherry</a> are quite prolific, with <a href="/wiki/Mulberry" class="mw-redirect" title="Mulberry">mulberry</a> popping up sometimes as well. <a href="/wiki/Sourwood" class="mw-redirect" title="Sourwood">Sourwood</a> is also in its native range, and is easily identified by the fact that it turns fiery red in early October, much brighter and weeks earlier than most other trees (which usually peak in early November). </p><p>Shrubby plants include <a href="/wiki/Blackberry" title="Blackberry">blackberry</a>, <a href="/wiki/Horsechestnut" class="mw-redirect" title="Horsechestnut">horsechestnut</a>, <a href="/wiki/Sumac" title="Sumac">sumac</a>, and sometimes <a href="/wiki/Crataegus" title="Crataegus">hawthorn</a>. <a href="/wiki/Parthenocissus_quinquefolia" title="Parthenocissus quinquefolia">Virginia creeper</a>, <a href="/wiki/Poison-ivy_(plant)" class="mw-redirect" title="Poison-ivy (plant)">poison ivy</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Smilax" title="Smilax">briar</a> are common <a href="/wiki/Vine" title="Vine">vines</a>. The <a href="/wiki/Helianthus_porteri" title="Helianthus porteri">Confederate yellow daisy</a> is a <a href="/wiki/Wildflower" title="Wildflower">wildflower</a> native only to the area around Stone Mountain. </p><p>Common garden plants include dogwood, <a href="/wiki/Azalea" title="Azalea">azalea</a>, <a href="/wiki/Hydrangea" title="Hydrangea">hydrangea</a>, <a href="/wiki/Flowering_cherry" class="mw-redirect" title="Flowering cherry">flowering cherry</a>, <a href="/wiki/Maple" title="Maple">maples</a>, <a href="/wiki/Pin_oak" class="mw-redirect" title="Pin oak">pin oak</a>, <a href="/wiki/Red-tip_photinia" class="mw-redirect" title="Red-tip photinia">red-tip photinia</a>, <a href="/wiki/Holly" title="Holly">holly</a>, <a href="/wiki/Juniper" title="Juniper">juniper</a>, <a href="/wiki/Eastern_white_pine" class="mw-redirect" title="Eastern white pine">white pine</a>, <a href="/wiki/Magnolia" title="Magnolia">magnolia</a>, <a href="/wiki/Bradford_pear" class="mw-redirect" title="Bradford pear">Bradford pear</a>, <a href="/wiki/Forsythia" title="Forsythia">forsythia</a>, <a href="/wiki/Liriope_(plant)" title="Liriope (plant)">liriope</a> (<a href="/wiki/Mondograss" class="mw-redirect" title="Mondograss">mondograss</a>), and <a href="/wiki/English_ivy" class="mw-redirect" title="English ivy">English ivy</a>. <a href="/wiki/Lawn" title="Lawn">Lawns</a> can be either cool-season <a href="/wiki/Grass" class="mw-redirect" title="Grass">grasses</a> like <a href="/wiki/Fescue" class="mw-redirect" title="Fescue">fescue</a> and <a href="/wiki/Rye" title="Rye">rye</a>, or warm-season like <a href="/wiki/Zoysia" title="Zoysia">zoysia</a> and <a href="/wiki/Bermudagrass" class="mw-redirect" title="Bermudagrass">bermudagrass</a> which turn brown in late fall. A few <a href="/wiki/Homeowners_association" class="mw-redirect" title="Homeowners association">homeowners associations</a> actually prohibit green grass in the winter. </p><p>Native to the nearby mountains, maples are now one of the most common landscape trees for new homes and parking lots, giving their color in the fall instead of spring. When planted close to buildings (which provide shelter and radiate heat), they can retain some of their color into December, especially if November has been warm. </p><p>Common <a href="/wiki/Lawn" title="Lawn">lawn</a> weeds are <a href="/wiki/Potentilla_indica" title="Potentilla indica">mock strawberry</a>, <a href="/wiki/Violet_(plant)" class="mw-redirect" title="Violet (plant)">violet</a>, <a href="/wiki/Allium" title="Allium">wild onion</a>, and of course the ubiquitous <a href="/wiki/Dandelion" class="mw-redirect" title="Dandelion">dandelion</a>, <a href="/wiki/Crabgrass" class="mw-redirect" title="Crabgrass">crabgrass</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Plantago" title="Plantago">plantain</a>. </p><p>By far the most notorious <a href="/wiki/Introduced_species" title="Introduced species">introduced species</a> is <a href="/wiki/Kudzu" title="Kudzu">kudzu</a>, a highly <a href="/wiki/Invasive_species" title="Invasive species">invasive species</a> from <a href="/wiki/Japan" title="Japan">Japan</a> which climbs and smothers trees and shrubs. New effective herbicides as well as increased development of formerly rural areas has greatly reduced kudzu in the metro area (although still quite common elsewhere in Georgia). Wisteria planted decades ago by farmers in then-rural areas has become wild and is common in undeveloped forests. Some vines exceed 50 years of age and cover dozens of acres of forest, creating a dense, purple explosion each spring. </p><p><a href="/wiki/Japanese_honeysuckle" class="mw-redirect" title="Japanese honeysuckle">Japanese honeysuckle</a> is extremely common, its fragrance an early summer delight. A common ornamental shrub, the <a href="/wiki/Chinese_privet" class="mw-redirect" title="Chinese privet">Chinese privet</a>, has escaped to become the state's most invasive non-native plant species. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Fauna">Fauna</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Metro_Atlanta&action=edit&section=15" title="Edit section: Fauna"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Among <a href="/wiki/Mammal" title="Mammal">mammals</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Eastern_gray_squirrel" title="Eastern gray squirrel">eastern gray squirrel</a> is by far the most ubiquitous, stealing <a href="/wiki/Birdseed" class="mw-redirect" title="Birdseed">birdseed</a> from the <a href="/wiki/Bird_feeder" title="Bird feeder">bird feeders</a> which many locals maintain. <a href="/wiki/Chipmunk" title="Chipmunk">Chipmunks</a> and small brown <a href="/wiki/Rabbit" title="Rabbit">rabbits</a> are common, but it is relatively rare to hear of them doing any damage. <a href="/wiki/Opossum" title="Opossum">Opossum</a>, <a href="/wiki/Raccoon" title="Raccoon">raccoons</a>, <a href="/wiki/Fox" title="Fox">foxes</a>, <a href="/wiki/Coyote" title="Coyote">coyotes</a> and <a href="/wiki/Armadillo" title="Armadillo">armadillos</a> are frequently seen. Garden and meadow snakes are common; six venomous <a href="/wiki/Pit_viper" title="Pit viper">pit viper</a> snakes (<a href="/wiki/Eastern_diamondback_rattlesnake" title="Eastern diamondback rattlesnake">Eastern diamondback rattlesnake</a>, <a href="/wiki/Timber_rattlesnake" title="Timber rattlesnake">timber rattlesnake</a>, <a href="/wiki/Pygmy_rattlesnake" class="mw-redirect" title="Pygmy rattlesnake">pygmy rattlesnake</a>, <a href="/wiki/Coral_snake" title="Coral snake">coral snake</a>, <a href="/wiki/Agkistrodon_piscivorus" title="Agkistrodon piscivorus">water moccasin</a> and <a href="/wiki/Agkistrodon_contortrix" class="mw-redirect" title="Agkistrodon contortrix">copperhead</a>) are indigenous, but reports of bites are rare. Many types of frogs, including tree frogs and bullfrogs, are easily heard in early summer, as are <a href="/wiki/Cicada" title="Cicada">cicadas</a> in July and August. <a href="/wiki/American_black_bear" title="American black bear">Black bears</a> occasionally wander down from the mountains, and <a href="/wiki/White-tailed_deer" title="White-tailed deer">white-tailed deer</a> are abundant; overpopulated in some areas. Homeowners in the outer suburbs are prone to landscaping damage due to scavenging deer. </p><p>The most common <a href="/wiki/Bird" title="Bird">birds</a> are the <a href="/wiki/Brown_thrasher" title="Brown thrasher">brown thrasher</a> (the GA <a href="/wiki/List_of_U.S._state_birds" title="List of U.S. state birds">state bird</a>), <a href="/wiki/American_crow" title="American crow">American crow</a>, <a href="/wiki/Common_starling" title="Common starling">European (or common) starling</a>, <a href="/wiki/American_robin" title="American robin">American robin</a>, <a href="/wiki/Mourning_dove" title="Mourning dove">mourning dove</a>, <a href="/wiki/House_sparrow" title="House sparrow">house sparrow</a>, <a href="/wiki/Northern_cardinal" title="Northern cardinal">northern cardinal</a>, <a href="/wiki/House_finch" title="House finch">house finch</a>, <a href="/wiki/Carolina_chickadee" title="Carolina chickadee">Carolina chickadee</a>, <a href="/wiki/Tufted_titmouse" title="Tufted titmouse">tufted titmouse</a>, <a href="/wiki/Bluejay" class="mw-redirect" title="Bluejay">bluejay</a>, <a href="/wiki/White-breasted_nuthatch" title="White-breasted nuthatch">white-breasted nuthatch</a>, eastern bluebird, mockingbird, <a href="/wiki/Brown-headed_nuthatch" title="Brown-headed nuthatch">brown-headed nuthatch</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Carolina_wren" title="Carolina wren">Carolina wren</a>. Birds of prey thrive in the area, with three varieties of hawks common near open fields in even the most populated areas. Falcons roost on skyscrapers in downtown Atlanta and can be regularly seen feasting on pigeons. </p><p>The American kestrel is sometimes seen. Late in the year, three species of owls can be heard nightly in wooded areas. Various <a href="/wiki/Woodpecker" title="Woodpecker">woodpeckers</a> can be seen in forested lots, including the <a href="/wiki/Red-bellied_woodpecker" title="Red-bellied woodpecker">red-bellied woodpecker</a>, <a href="/wiki/Northern_flicker" title="Northern flicker">northern flicker</a> (also known as the "yellow-shafted flicker"), and the <a href="/wiki/Downy_woodpecker" title="Downy woodpecker">downy woodpecker</a>. The red-headed woodpecker is common in open fields and on golf courses. The <a href="/wiki/American_goldfinch" title="American goldfinch">American goldfinch</a> is present mostly in winter, and the <a href="/wiki/Ruby-throated_hummingbird" title="Ruby-throated hummingbird">ruby-throated hummingbird</a> only in summer. </p> <table class="wikitable" style="float:right; font-size:95%;"> <caption><b>Presidential election results</b> </caption> <tbody><tr style="background:lightgrey;"> <th>Year </th> <th><a href="/wiki/Democratic_Party_(United_States)" title="Democratic Party (United States)">DEM</a> </th> <th><a href="/wiki/Republican_Party_(United_States)" title="Republican Party (United States)">GOP</a> </th> <th>Others </th></tr> <tr> <td align="center" style="color:black;background-color:#B0CEFF"><b><a href="/wiki/U.S._presidential_election,_2020" class="mw-redirect" title="U.S. presidential election, 2020">2020</a></b> </td> <td align="center" style="color:black;background-color:#B0CEFF"><b>57.0%</b> <i>1,684,934</i> </td> <td align="center" style="background-color:#FFB6B6">41.6% <i>1,229,242</i> </td> <td align="center" style="background:#EEEEEE">1.4% <i>39,950</i> </td></tr> <tr> <td align="center" style="color:black;background-color:#B0CEFF"><b><a href="/wiki/U.S._presidential_election,_2016" class="mw-redirect" title="U.S. presidential election, 2016">2016</a></b> </td> <td align="center" style="color:black;background-color:#B0CEFF"><b>52.3%</b> <i>1,250,397</i> </td> <td align="center" style="background-color:#FFB6B6">44.2% <i>1,057,123</i> </td> <td align="center" style="background:#EEEEEE">3.5% <i>82,781</i> </td></tr> <tr> <td align="center" style="color:black;background-color:#B0CEFF"><b><a href="/wiki/U.S._presidential_election,_2012" class="mw-redirect" title="U.S. presidential election, 2012">2012</a></b> </td> <td align="center" style="color:black;background-color:#B0CEFF"><b>49.4%</b> <i>1,108,989</i> </td> <td align="center" style="background-color:#FFB6B6">49.0% <i>1,099,845</i> </td> <td align="center" style="background:#EEEEEE">1.5% <i>34,208</i> </td></tr> <tr> <td align="center" style="color:black;background-color:#B0CEFF"><b><a href="/wiki/U.S._presidential_election,_2008" class="mw-redirect" title="U.S. presidential election, 2008">2008</a></b> </td> <td align="center" style="color:black;background-color:#B0CEFF"><b>51.3%</b> <i>1,153,849</i> </td> <td align="center" style="background-color:#FFB6B6">47.7% <i>1,074,509</i> </td> <td align="center" style="background:#EEEEEE">1.0% <i>22,898</i> </td></tr> <tr> <td align="center" style="background-color:#FFB6B6"><b><a href="/wiki/U.S._presidential_election,_2004" class="mw-redirect" title="U.S. presidential election, 2004">2004</a></b> </td> <td align="center" style="color:black;background-color:#B0CEFF">44.1% <i>818,067</i> </td> <td align="center" style="background-color:#FFB6B6"><b>55.2%</b> <i>1,023,670</i> </td> <td align="center" style="background:#EEEEEE">0.7% <i>13,661</i> </td></tr> <tr> <td align="center" style="background-color:#FFB6B6"><b><a href="/wiki/U.S._presidential_election,_2000" class="mw-redirect" title="U.S. presidential election, 2000">2000</a></b> </td> <td align="center" style="color:black;background-color:#B0CEFF">44.4% <i>631,882</i> </td> <td align="center" style="background-color:#FFB6B6"><b>52.5%</b> <i>746,974</i> </td> <td align="center" style="background:#EEEEEE">3.1% <i>43,635</i> </td></tr> <tr> <td align="center" style="background-color:#FFB6B6"><b><a href="/wiki/U.S._presidential_election,_1996" class="mw-redirect" title="U.S. presidential election, 1996">1996</a></b> </td> <td align="center" style="color:black;background-color:#B0CEFF">46.1% <i>565,241</i> </td> <td align="center" style="background-color:#FFB6B6"><b>47.3%</b> <i>579,727</i> </td> <td align="center" style="background:#EEEEEE">6.6% <i>81,199</i> </td></tr> <tr> <td align="center" style="background-color:#FFB6B6"><b><a href="/wiki/U.S._presidential_election,_1992" class="mw-redirect" title="U.S. presidential election, 1992">1992</a></b> </td> <td align="center" style="color:black;background-color:#B0CEFF">43.3% <i>521,891</i> </td> <td align="center" style="background-color:#FFB6B6"><b>43.4%</b> <i>522,934</i> </td> <td align="center" style="background:#EEEEEE">13.4% <i>161,013</i> </td></tr> <tr> <td align="center" style="background-color:#FFB6B6"><b><a href="/wiki/U.S._presidential_election,_1988" class="mw-redirect" title="U.S. presidential election, 1988">1988</a></b> </td> <td align="center" style="color:black;background-color:#B0CEFF">39.5% <i>358,191</i> </td> <td align="center" style="background-color:#FFB6B6"><b>59.8%</b> <i>542,979</i> </td> <td align="center" style="background:#EEEEEE">0.7% <i>6,516</i> </td></tr> <tr> <td align="center" style="background-color:#FFB6B6"><b><a href="/wiki/U.S._presidential_election,_1984" class="mw-redirect" title="U.S. presidential election, 1984">1984</a></b> </td> <td align="center" style="color:black;background-color:#B0CEFF">38.0% <i>322,409</i> </td> <td align="center" style="background-color:#FFB6B6"><b>61.9%</b> <i>524,579</i> </td> <td align="center" style="background:#EEEEEE">0.0% <i>354</i> </td></tr> <tr> <td align="center" style="color:black;background-color:#B0CEFF"><b><a href="/wiki/U.S._presidential_election,_1980" class="mw-redirect" title="U.S. presidential election, 1980">1980</a></b> </td> <td align="center" style="color:black;background-color:#B0CEFF"><b>52.5%</b> <i>381,253</i> </td> <td align="center" style="background-color:#FFB6B6">43.1% <i>312,920</i> </td> <td align="center" style="background:#EEEEEE">4.4% <i>32,160</i> </td></tr> <tr> <td align="center" style="color:black;background-color:#B0CEFF"><b><a href="/wiki/U.S._presidential_election,_1976" class="mw-redirect" title="U.S. presidential election, 1976">1976</a></b> </td> <td align="center" style="color:black;background-color:#B0CEFF"><b>63.9%</b> <i>417,621</i> </td> <td align="center" style="background-color:#FFB6B6">35.8% <i>233,778</i> </td> <td align="center" style="background:#EEEEEE">0.3% <i>1,917</i> </td></tr> <tr> <td align="center" style="background-color:#FFB6B6"><b><a href="/wiki/U.S._presidential_election,_1972" class="mw-redirect" title="U.S. presidential election, 1972">1972</a></b> </td> <td align="center" style="color:black;background-color:#B0CEFF">27.4% <i>142,069</i> </td> <td align="center" style="background-color:#FFB6B6"><b>72.3%</b> <i>374,580</i> </td> <td align="center" style="background:#EEEEEE">0.3% <i>1,653</i> </td></tr> <tr> <td align="center" style="background-color:#FFB6B6"><b><a href="/wiki/U.S._presidential_election,_1968" class="mw-redirect" title="U.S. presidential election, 1968">1968</a></b> </td> <td align="center" style="color:black;background-color:#B0CEFF">30.3% <i>150,806</i> </td> <td align="center" style="background-color:#FFB6B6"><b>36.6%</b> <i>182,609</i> </td> <td align="center" style="background:#EEEEEE">33.1% <i>165,093</i> </td></tr> <tr> <td align="center" style="color:black;background-color:#B0CEFF"><b><a href="/wiki/U.S._presidential_election,_1964" class="mw-redirect" title="U.S. presidential election, 1964">1964</a></b> </td> <td align="center" style="color:black;background-color:#B0CEFF"><b>50.2%</b> <i>218,167</i> </td> <td align="center" style="background-color:#FFB6B6">49.8% <i>216,221</i> </td> <td align="center" style="background:#EEEEEE">0.0% <i>42</i> </td></tr> <tr> <td align="center" style="color:black;background-color:#B0CEFF"><b><a href="/wiki/U.S._presidential_election,_1960" class="mw-redirect" title="U.S. presidential election, 1960">1960</a></b> </td> <td align="center" style="color:black;background-color:#B0CEFF"><b>59.0%</b> <i>163,034</i> </td> <td align="center" style="background-color:#FFB6B6">40.9% <i>113,022</i> </td> <td align="center" style="background:#EEEEEE">0.0% <i>91</i> </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Demographics">Demographics</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Metro_Atlanta&action=edit&section=16" title="Edit section: Demographics"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Demographics_of_Atlanta#Metro_Atlanta" title="Demographics of Atlanta">Demographics of Metro Atlanta</a></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1224496135">.mw-parser-output .us-census-pop{border-spacing:1px;border:1px solid #a2a9b1;background-color:var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa);padding:0.3em;font-size:95%}.mw-parser-output .us-census-pop caption{background-color:lavender;color:black;padding-right:0.2em;padding-left:0.2em;font-size:110%;font-weight:bold;border:1px solid #a2a9b1;border-bottom:none}.mw-parser-output .us-census-pop th[scope=col]{border-bottom:1px solid black}.mw-parser-output .us-census-pop td:nth-child(2){text-align:right;padding-left:0.5em;padding-right:0}.mw-parser-output .us-census-pop td.us-census-pop-estimate{padding-left:0}.mw-parser-output .us-census-pop td:nth-child(3){padding-left:0}.mw-parser-output .us-census-pop td:nth-child(4){padding-left:0.5em;text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .us-census-pop-footnote{border-top:1px solid black;font-size:85%;text-align:center}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .us-census-pop-right{float:right;clear:right;margin:0 0 1em 1em}.mw-parser-output .us-census-pop-left{float:left;clear:left;margin:0 1em 1em 0}.mw-parser-output .us-census-pop-center{float:none;margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto}.mw-parser-output .us-census-pop-none{float:none;margin:0 1em 1em 0}}</style> <table class="us-census-pop us-census-pop-right"> <caption>Historical population</caption> <tbody><tr><th scope="col">Census</th><th scope="col"><abbr title="Population">Pop.</abbr></th><th scope="col"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1152813436">.mw-parser-output .sr-only{border:0;clip:rect(0,0,0,0);clip-path:polygon(0px 0px,0px 0px,0px 0px);height:1px;margin:-1px;overflow:hidden;padding:0;position:absolute;width:1px;white-space:nowrap}</style><span class="sr-only">Note</span></th><th scope="col"><abbr title="Percent change">%±</abbr></th></tr> <tr><th scope="row"><a href="/wiki/1900_United_States_census" title="1900 United States census">1900</a></th><td>419,375</td><td></td><td>—</td></tr><tr><th scope="row"><a href="/wiki/1910_United_States_census" title="1910 United States census">1910</a></th><td>522,442</td><td></td><td>24.6%</td></tr><tr><th scope="row"><a href="/wiki/1920_United_States_census" title="1920 United States census">1920</a></th><td>622,283</td><td></td><td>19.1%</td></tr><tr><th scope="row"><a href="/wiki/1930_United_States_census" title="1930 United States census">1930</a></th><td>715,391</td><td></td><td>15.0%</td></tr><tr><th scope="row"><a href="/wiki/1940_United_States_census" title="1940 United States census">1940</a></th><td>820,579</td><td></td><td>14.7%</td></tr><tr><th scope="row"><a href="/wiki/1950_United_States_census" title="1950 United States census">1950</a></th><td>997,666</td><td></td><td>21.6%</td></tr><tr><th scope="row"><a href="/wiki/1960_United_States_census" title="1960 United States census">1960</a></th><td>1,312,474</td><td></td><td>31.6%</td></tr><tr><th scope="row"><a href="/wiki/1970_United_States_census" title="1970 United States census">1970</a></th><td>1,763,626</td><td></td><td>34.4%</td></tr><tr><th scope="row"><a href="/wiki/1980_United_States_census" title="1980 United States census">1980</a></th><td>2,233,324</td><td></td><td>26.6%</td></tr><tr><th scope="row"><a href="/wiki/1990_United_States_census" title="1990 United States census">1990</a></th><td>2,959,950</td><td></td><td>32.5%</td></tr><tr><th scope="row"><a href="/wiki/2000_United_States_census" title="2000 United States census">2000</a></th><td>4,112,198</td><td></td><td>38.9%</td></tr><tr><th scope="row"><a href="/wiki/2010_United_States_census" title="2010 United States census">2010</a></th><td>5,286,728</td><td></td><td>28.6%</td></tr><tr><th scope="row"><a href="/wiki/2020_United_States_census" title="2020 United States census">2020</a></th><td>6,089,815</td><td></td><td>15.2%</td></tr><tr><th scope="row">2023 (est.)</th><td class="us-census-pop-estimate">6,307,261</td><td></td><td>3.6%</td></tr><tr><td colspan="4" class="us-census-pop-footnote"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.census.gov/programs-surveys/decennial-census.html">U.S. Decennial Census</a></td></tr> </tbody></table> <p>Numerically, Metro Atlanta is the third fastest growing metropolitan area in the U.S.<sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>The 2020 census counted 6,089,815 people in the 28-county metro area. This was an increase of 803,087 from its 2010 population, representing growth of 15.2%. This was, however, a slower rate than the 28.6% increase recorded between 2000 and 2010. </p> <table class="wikitable"> <tbody><tr> <th>Race, ethnicity, or<br />foreign-born status</th> <th>Pop. 2010</th> <th>% of total 2010</th> <th>Pop. 2000<style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1041539562">.mw-parser-output .citation{word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}</style><sup class="citation nobold" id="ref_scopeA"><a href="#endnote_scopeA">[A]</a></sup></th> <th>% of total 2000</th> <th>absolute<br />change 2000–2010<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1041539562"><sup class="citation nobold" id="ref_relationB"><a href="#endnote_relationB">[B]</a></sup></th> <th>% change 2000–2010<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1041539562"><sup class="citation nobold" id="ref_relationB"><a href="#endnote_relationB">[B]</a></sup> </th></tr> <tr> <td><b>Total</b></td> <td>5,268,860</td> <td></td> <td>4,112,198</td> <td></td> <td></td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td></td> <td></td> <td></td> <td></td> <td></td> <td></td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td></td> <td></td> <td></td> <td></td> <td></td> <td></td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/White_American" class="mw-redirect" title="White American">White</a> only</td> <td>2,920,480</td> <td>55.4%</td> <td>2,589,888</td> <td>63.0%</td> <td>330,592</td> <td>12.8% </td></tr> <tr> <td>    <i>Non-Hispanic white only</i></td> <td>2,671,757</td> <td>50.7%</td> <td>2,447,856</td> <td>59.5%</td> <td>223,901</td> <td>9.1% </td></tr> <tr> <td></td> <td></td> <td></td> <td></td> <td></td> <td></td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/African_American" class="mw-redirect" title="African American">Black</a> only</td> <td>1,707,913</td> <td>32.4%</td> <td>1,189,179</td> <td>28.9%</td> <td>518,734</td> <td>43.6% </td></tr> <tr> <td></td> <td></td> <td></td> <td></td> <td></td> <td></td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Asian_American" class="mw-redirect" title="Asian American">Asian</a> only and Pacific Islander only  </td> <td>256,956</td> <td>4.9%</td> <td>137,640</td> <td>3.3%</td> <td>119,316</td> <td>86.7% </td></tr> <tr> <td>    <i><a href="/wiki/Indian_American" class="mw-redirect" title="Indian American">Asian Indian</a></i></td> <td>108,980</td> <td>1.5%</td> <td>37,162</td> <td>0.9%</td> <td>41,818</td> <td>112.5% </td></tr> <tr> <td>    <i><a href="/wiki/Korean_Americans" title="Korean Americans">Korean</a></i></td> <td>93,870</td> <td>1.2%</td> <td>22,317</td> <td>0.5%</td> <td>21,553</td> <td>96.6% </td></tr> <tr> <td>    <i><a href="/wiki/Vietnamese_Americans" title="Vietnamese Americans">Vietnamese</a></i></td> <td>63,096</td> <td>0.7%</td> <td>23,564</td> <td>0.6%</td> <td>15,096</td> <td>66.9% </td></tr> <tr> <td>    <i><a href="/wiki/Chinese_Americans" title="Chinese Americans">Chinese</a></i></td> <td>50,554</td> <td>0.7%</td> <td>22,097</td> <td>0.5%</td> <td>12,558</td> <td>52.3% </td></tr> <tr> <td></td> <td></td> <td></td> <td></td> <td></td> <td></td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td></td> <td></td> <td></td> <td></td> <td></td> <td></td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Hispanic_and_Latino_Americans" title="Hispanic and Latino Americans">Hispanic or Latino</a> of any race</td> <td>747,400</td> <td>10.4%</td> <td>268,851</td> <td>6.5%</td> <td>278,549</td> <td>103.6% </td></tr> <tr> <td>    <i><a href="/wiki/Mexican_Americans" title="Mexican Americans">Mexican</a></i></td> <td>354,351</td> <td>6.0%</td> <td>165,109</td> <td>4.0%</td> <td>149,242</td> <td>90.4% </td></tr> <tr> <td>    <i><a href="/wiki/Puerto_Ricans_in_the_United_States" class="mw-redirect" title="Puerto Ricans in the United States">Puerto Rican</a></i></td> <td>43,337</td> <td>0.8%</td> <td>19,358</td> <td>0.5%</td> <td>23,979</td> <td>123.9% </td></tr> <tr> <td>    <i><a href="/wiki/Cuban_Americans" title="Cuban Americans">Cuban</a></i></td> <td>17,648</td> <td>0.3%</td> <td>9,206</td> <td>0.2%</td> <td>8,442</td> <td>91.7% </td></tr> <tr> <td></td> <td></td> <td></td> <td></td> <td></td> <td></td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td></td> <td></td> <td></td> <td></td> <td></td> <td></td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Foreign-born</td> <td>916,434</td> <td>13.6%</td> <td>424,519</td> <td>10.3%</td> <td>291,915</td> <td>68.8% </td></tr></tbody></table> <p><small><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1041539562"><span class="citation wikicite" id="endnote_scopeA"><a href="#ref_scopeA"><b><sup>A</sup></b></a></span> Atlanta MSA in 2000 did not include Butts, Dawson, Haralson, Heard, Jasper, Lamar, Meriwether, and Pike counties, whose population totalled in 2000: 135,783; in 2010: 156,368 (2.96% of total new 28-county metro)<sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><br /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1041539562"><span class="citation wikicite" id="endnote_relationB"><a href="#ref_relationB"><b><sup>B</sup></b></a></span> Compares the larger 28-county Atlanta-Sandy Springs-Marietta MSA 2010 with a smaller 20‑county Atlanta MSA 2000; however the 8 new counties represent less than 3% of the larger 28‑county metro.<br />Source: for race and Hispanic population, U.S. Census Bureau 2010 and 2000 census; for foreign-born population: US Census Bureau 2010 and 2000 American Community Surveys; <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://wayback.archive-it.org/all/20120904134939/http://www.brookings.edu/~/media/files/rc/papers/2011/1013_immigration_wilson_singer/1013_immigration_wilson_singer.pdf"><i>Immigrants in 2010 Metropolitan America</i>, Brookings Institution</a></small> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Race_and_ethnicity">Race and ethnicity</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Metro_Atlanta&action=edit&section=17" title="Edit section: Race and ethnicity"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><a href="/wiki/White_American" class="mw-redirect" title="White American">White Americans</a> made up 55.4% of metro Atlanta's population in 2010, a relative decrease from 63.0% ten years earlier, but in absolute numbers their population increased by over 330,000. Non-Hispanic whites proportionally dropped from 59.5% to 50.7% of the metro's population, while increasing by about 224,000. </p><p><a href="/wiki/Black_American" class="mw-redirect" title="Black American">Black Americans</a> are the largest racial minority with 32.4% of the population in 2010. Metro Atlanta has the second largest African American population behind the <a href="/wiki/New_York_metropolitan_area" title="New York metropolitan area">New York metropolitan area</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> From 2000 to 2010, the geographic distribution of blacks in Metro Atlanta changed radically. Long concentrated in the city of Atlanta and DeKalb County, the black population there dropped as more than half a million African Americans settled across other parts of the metro area, including approximately 112,000 in Gwinnett County, 71,000 in Fulton outside Atlanta, 58,000 in Cobb, 50,000 in Clayton, 34,000 in Douglas, and 27,000 each in Newton and Rockdale counties.<sup id="cite_ref-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Due to its availability of jobs, Atlanta has been a destination for young college-educated blacks in the <a href="/wiki/New_Great_Migration" title="New Great Migration">Reverse Great Migration</a> of African Americans from the North since the turn of the 21st century, with many settling quickly into suburban locations. The Atlanta metropolitan area has the second highest total African American population of any metropolitan area, with only the New York City metro area having more. </p> <table class="wikitable"> <tbody><tr> <th>Year</th> <th>Black pop. in<br />City of Atlanta</th> <th>Black pop. in<br />DeKalb County</th> <th>Total black pop.<br />Atlanta + DeKalb</th> <th>Total black pop.<br />Metro Atlanta</th> <th>Proportion of black pop.<br />in Atlanta + DeKalb </th></tr> <tr> <td>2000</td> <td>255,689</td> <td>361,111</td> <td>616,800</td> <td>1,189,179</td> <td>51.9% </td></tr> <tr> <td>2010</td> <td>226,894</td> <td>375,697</td> <td>602,591</td> <td>1,707,913</td> <td>35.2% </td></tr> <tr> <td>2020</td> <td>246,906</td> <td>407,451</td> <td>641,923</td> <td>2,186,815</td> <td>29.4% </td></tr></tbody></table> <p><a href="/wiki/Hispanic_and_Latino_Americans" title="Hispanic and Latino Americans">Hispanic Americans</a> are the fastest growing ethnic group. At 10.4% of the metro's population in 2010, versus only 6.5% in 2000, the metro's Hispanic population increased an astounding 109.6%, or 298,459 people, in ten years. Major Hispanic groups include 354,351 <a href="/wiki/Mexican_American" class="mw-redirect" title="Mexican American">Mexicans</a>, 43,337 <a href="/wiki/Puerto_Rican_American" class="mw-redirect" title="Puerto Rican American">Puerto Ricans</a> and 17,648 <a href="/wiki/Cuban_American" class="mw-redirect" title="Cuban American">Cubans</a>. All of those groups' populations increased by over 90% in the ten-year period. Of the metro's 299,000-person increase in the Hispanic population from 2000 to 2010, 98,000 were in Gwinnett County, 57,000 in Cobb, 55,000 in Fulton (all but 3,000 outside the city of Atlanta), 20,000 in Hall, and 15,000 in DeKalb County.<sup id="cite_ref-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The <a href="/wiki/Asian_American" class="mw-redirect" title="Asian American">Asian-American</a> population also increased rapidly from 2000 to 2010. There were 296,956 Asian-Americans in the metro area in 2010, making up 5.9% of the population. This represented an 87% increase over 2000. The largest Asian groups are 108,980 <a href="/wiki/Indian_American" class="mw-redirect" title="Indian American">Indian-Americans</a>, 93,870 <a href="/wiki/Korean_American" class="mw-redirect" title="Korean American">Korean-Americans</a>, 67,660 <a href="/wiki/Chinese_Americans" title="Chinese Americans">Chinese-Americans</a>, and 66,554 <a href="/wiki/Vietnamese_Americans" title="Vietnamese Americans">Vietnamese-Americans</a>. </p><p>Atlanta also has Georgia's largest <a href="/wiki/Bosnian_American" class="mw-redirect" title="Bosnian American">Bosnian-American</a> population, with approximately 10,000 in the metro area, mainly in Gwinnett County.<sup id="cite_ref-21" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Metro Atlanta has an increasingly international population, with 716,434 foreign-born residents in 2010, a 69% increase since 2000, with suburban Gwinnett County being one of the most diverse counties in the Southeastern United States.<sup id="cite_ref-22" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> This was the fourth largest rate of growth among the nation's top 100 metros, after <a href="/wiki/Baltimore" title="Baltimore">Baltimore</a>, <a href="/wiki/Orlando,_Florida" title="Orlando, Florida">Orlando</a> and <a href="/wiki/Las_Vegas_Valley" title="Las Vegas Valley">Las Vegas</a>. The foreign-born proportion of the population went up from 10.3% to 13.6%, and Atlanta moved up from 14th to 12th in ranking of U.S. metro areas with the largest immigrant population by sheer numbers. Still, its 13.6% proportion of immigrants is only the 29th highest of the nation's top 100 metros.<sup id="cite_ref-brookings2011_23-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-brookings2011-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Metro Atlanta's immigrants are more suburban than those of most cities. Out of the top 100 U.S. metros, Atlanta has the 11th highest ratio of the foreign-born living in the suburbs and not in the core city.<sup id="cite_ref-brookings2011_23-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-brookings2011-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Atlanta has a few <a href="/wiki/Ethnic_enclave" title="Ethnic enclave">ethnic enclaves</a> such as a <a href="/wiki/Koreatown" title="Koreatown">Koreatown</a>, and areas such as the <a href="/wiki/Buford_Highway_Corridor" class="mw-redirect" title="Buford Highway Corridor">Buford Highway Corridor</a> in DeKalb County and parts of <a href="/wiki/Gwinnett_County" class="mw-redirect" title="Gwinnett County">Gwinnett County</a> are commercial centers for multiple ethnic communities. </p><p>In 1990, greater Atlanta had the largest Japanese population in the Southeast United States. The <a href="/wiki/Consulate_General_of_Japan_in_Atlanta" class="mw-redirect" title="Consulate General of Japan in Atlanta">Consulate General of Japan in Atlanta</a> estimated that, during that year, 7,500 to 10,000 Japanese lived in greater Atlanta. Of the metropolitan areas in the Southeast United States, as of 1990 greater Atlanta had the most extensive education network for Japanese nationals.<sup id="cite_ref-Lively_24-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Lively-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Language">Language</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Metro_Atlanta&action=edit&section=18" title="Edit section: Language"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In 2008, approximately 83.3% of the population five years and older spoke only <a href="/wiki/English_language" title="English language">English</a> at home, which is roughly 4,125,000 people. Over 436,000 people (8.8%) spoke <a href="/wiki/Spanish_language" title="Spanish language">Spanish</a> at home, giving Metro Atlanta the <a href="/wiki/List_of_U.S._cities_by_Spanish-speaking_population" class="mw-redirect" title="List of U.S. cities by Spanish-speaking population">15th highest number of Spanish speakers</a> among American metropolitan areas (MSAs). Over 193,000 people (3.9%) spoke other <a href="/wiki/Indo-European_languages" title="Indo-European languages">Indo-European languages</a> at home. People who speak an <a href="/wiki/Languages_of_Asia" title="Languages of Asia">Asian language</a> at home numbered over 137,000 and made up 2.8% of the population.<sup id="cite_ref-25" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-26" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Economy">Economy</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Metro_Atlanta&action=edit&section=19" title="Edit section: Economy"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Further information: <a href="/wiki/Economy_of_Atlanta" title="Economy of Atlanta">Economy of Metro Atlanta</a></div> <p>The Atlanta area is home to 31 <a href="/wiki/Fortune_1000" title="Fortune 1000">Fortune 1000</a> headquarters. 2022 rankings: </p> <table class="wikitable sortable"> <tbody><tr> <th>ATL<br />rank </th> <th>Company </th> <th>City </th> <th>Sector </th> <th>Fortune<br />rank </th></tr> <tr> <td>1 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/The_Home_Depot" class="mw-redirect" title="The Home Depot">The Home Depot</a> </td> <td>Atlanta </td> <td>Retail </td> <td>17 </td></tr> <tr> <td>2 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/United_Parcel_Service" title="United Parcel Service">United Parcel Service</a> </td> <td>Sandy Springs </td> <td>Package delivery </td> <td>34 </td></tr> <tr> <td>3 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Coca_Cola_Company" class="mw-redirect" title="Coca Cola Company">Coca Cola Company</a> </td> <td>Atlanta </td> <td>Beverage </td> <td>93 </td></tr> <tr> <td>4 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Delta_Air_Lines" title="Delta Air Lines">Delta Air Lines</a> </td> <td>Atlanta </td> <td>Airline </td> <td>113 </td></tr> <tr> <td>5 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Southern_Company" title="Southern Company">Southern Company</a> </td> <td>Atlanta </td> <td>Energy </td> <td>153 </td></tr> <tr> <td>6 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Genuine_Parts" class="mw-redirect" title="Genuine Parts">Genuine Parts</a> / <a href="/wiki/National_Automotive_Parts_Association" class="mw-redirect" title="National Automotive Parts Association">NAPA</a> </td> <td>Atlanta </td> <td>Automotive parts </td> <td>191 </td></tr> <tr> <td>7 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/WestRock" title="WestRock">WestRock</a> </td> <td>Sandy Springs </td> <td>Packaging </td> <td>192 </td></tr> <tr> <td>8 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/PulteGroup" title="PulteGroup">PulteGroup</a> </td> <td>Atlanta </td> <td>Home building </td> <td>267 </td></tr> <tr> <td>9 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Norfolk_Southern" class="mw-redirect" title="Norfolk Southern">Norfolk Southern</a> </td> <td>Atlanta </td> <td>Railroad </td> <td>332 </td></tr> <tr> <td>10 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/AGCO" title="AGCO">AGCO</a> </td> <td>Duluth </td> <td>Farm equipment </td> <td>334 </td></tr> <tr> <td>11 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Newell_Brands" title="Newell Brands">Newell Brands</a> </td> <td>Sandy Springs </td> <td>Consumer goods </td> <td>348 </td></tr> <tr> <td>12 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Asbury_Automotive_Group" title="Asbury Automotive Group">Asbury Automotive Group</a> </td> <td>Duluth </td> <td>Automotive retail </td> <td>360 </td></tr> <tr> <td>13 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Intercontinental_Exchange" title="Intercontinental Exchange">Intercontinental Exchange</a> </td> <td>Sandy Springs </td> <td>Information </td> <td>459 </td></tr> <tr> <td>14 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Global_Payments" title="Global Payments">Global Payments</a> </td> <td>Atlanta </td> <td>Financial </td> <td>407 </td></tr> <tr> <td>15 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Graphic_Packaging" title="Graphic Packaging">Graphic Packaging</a> </td> <td>Sandy Springs </td> <td>Packaging </td> <td>466 </td></tr> <tr> <td>16 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/NCR_Corporation" class="mw-redirect" title="NCR Corporation">NCR</a> </td> <td>Atlanta </td> <td>Technology </td> <td>466 </td></tr> <tr> <td>17 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Veritiv" title="Veritiv">Veritiv</a> </td> <td>Sandy Springs </td> <td>Packaging / logistics </td> <td>477 </td></tr> <tr> <td>18 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Equifax" title="Equifax">Equifax</a> </td> <td>Atlanta </td> <td>Information </td> <td>617 </td></tr> <tr> <td>19 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/BlueLinx" title="BlueLinx">BlueLinx</a> </td> <td>Marietta </td> <td>Building products </td> <td>665 </td></tr> <tr> <td>20 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Carter%27s" title="Carter's">Carter's</a> </td> <td>Atlanta </td> <td>Clothing </td> <td>689 </td></tr> <tr> <td>21 </td> <td>SiteOne Landscape Supply </td> <td>Roswell </td> <td>Landscape </td> <td>756 </td></tr> <tr> <td>22 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Acuity_Brands" title="Acuity Brands">Acuity Brands</a> </td> <td>Atlanta </td> <td>Lighting </td> <td>759 </td></tr> <tr> <td>23 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Floor_%26_Decor" title="Floor & Decor">Floor & Decor</a> </td> <td>Smyrna </td> <td>Flooring products </td> <td>764 </td></tr> <tr> <td>24 </td> <td>GMS </td> <td>Tucker </td> <td>Building products </td> <td>786 </td></tr> <tr> <td>25 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/FleetCor_Technologies" class="mw-redirect" title="FleetCor Technologies">FleetCor Technologies</a> </td> <td>Atlanta </td> <td>Financial </td> <td>868 </td></tr> <tr> <td>26 </td> <td>Americold Realty Trust </td> <td>Sandy Springs </td> <td>Cold storage </td> <td>893 </td></tr> <tr> <td>27 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Primerica" title="Primerica">Primerica</a> </td> <td>Duluth </td> <td>Financial services </td> <td>895 </td></tr> <tr> <td>28 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Orkin" title="Orkin">Rollins</a> </td> <td>Atlanta </td> <td>Home services </td> <td>930 </td></tr> <tr> <td>29 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Gray_Television" title="Gray Television">Gray Television</a> </td> <td>Atlanta </td> <td>Broadcasting </td> <td>935 </td></tr> <tr> <td>30 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Saia" title="Saia">Saia</a> </td> <td>Johns Creek </td> <td>Transportation </td> <td>961 </td></tr> <tr> <td>31 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Beazer_Homes_USA" title="Beazer Homes USA">Beazer Homes USA</a> </td> <td>Sandy Springs </td> <td>Home building </td> <td>992 </td></tr></tbody></table> <p>The <a href="/wiki/Federal_Reserve_Bank_of_Atlanta" title="Federal Reserve Bank of Atlanta">Federal Reserve Bank of Atlanta</a> is the sixth district of the 12 <a href="/wiki/Federal_Reserve_Banks" class="mw-redirect" title="Federal Reserve Banks">Federal Reserve Banks</a> of the United States and is headquartered in <a href="/wiki/Midtown_Atlanta" title="Midtown Atlanta">midtown</a> <a href="/wiki/Atlanta" title="Atlanta">Atlanta</a>. The Atlanta Fed covers the U.S. states of <a href="/wiki/Alabama" title="Alabama">Alabama</a>, <a href="/wiki/Florida" title="Florida">Florida</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Georgia_(U.S._state)" title="Georgia (U.S. state)">Georgia</a>, the eastern two-thirds of <a href="/wiki/Tennessee" title="Tennessee">Tennessee</a>, the southern portion of <a href="/wiki/Louisiana" title="Louisiana">Louisiana</a>, and southern <a href="/wiki/Mississippi" title="Mississippi">Mississippi</a> as part of the <a href="/wiki/Federal_Reserve_System" class="mw-redirect" title="Federal Reserve System">Federal Reserve System</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Utilities">Utilities</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Metro_Atlanta&action=edit&section=20" title="Edit section: Utilities"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The area is the world's largest toll-free calling zone spanning 7,162 square miles (18,549 km<sup>2</sup>),<sup id="cite_ref-27" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> has four active <a href="/wiki/Telephone" title="Telephone">telephone</a> <a href="/wiki/Telephone_numbering_plan" title="Telephone numbering plan">area codes</a>, and local calling extending into portions of two others. <a href="/wiki/Area_code_404" title="Area code 404">404</a>, which originally covered all of northern <a href="/wiki/Georgia_(U.S._state)" title="Georgia (U.S. state)">Georgia</a> until 1992, now covers mostly the area inside the <a href="/wiki/Perimeter_(Atlanta)" class="mw-redirect" title="Perimeter (Atlanta)">Perimeter</a> (Interstate 285). In 1995 the <a href="/wiki/Suburb" title="Suburb">suburbs</a> were put into <a href="/wiki/Area_code_770" title="Area code 770">770</a>, requiring mandatory ten‑digit dialing even for local calls under <a href="/wiki/Federal_Communications_Commission" title="Federal Communications Commission">FCC</a> rules. This made Atlanta one of the US's first cities to employ <a href="/wiki/Ten-digit_dialing" title="Ten-digit dialing">ten-digit dialing</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-28" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> which was begun by <a href="/wiki/BellSouth" title="BellSouth">BellSouth</a> the year before the Centennial <a href="/wiki/1996_Olympic_Games" class="mw-redirect" title="1996 Olympic Games">1996 Olympic Games</a>. </p><p>In 1998, <a href="/wiki/Area_code_678" class="mw-redirect" title="Area code 678">678</a> was overlaid onto both of the existing 404 and 770 area codes. <a href="/wiki/Mobile_phone" title="Mobile phone">Mobile phones</a>, originally only assigned to 404, may now have any local area code regardless of where in the region they were issued. <a href="/wiki/Area_code_470" class="mw-redirect" title="Area code 470">Area code 470</a>, the newest area code, was overlaid with 404 and 770 in the same fashion as 678. The local calling area also includes portions of <a href="/wiki/Area_code_706" class="mw-redirect" title="Area code 706">706/762</a> and a small area of <a href="/wiki/Area_code_256" class="mw-redirect" title="Area code 256">256</a> in <a href="/wiki/Alabama" title="Alabama">Alabama</a> on the Georgia border.<sup id="cite_ref-29" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The city of Atlanta is the most wired city in the United States.<sup id="cite_ref-30" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Many residents access the internet on a high-speed broadband and/or WiFi connection. It is home to one of the world's largest <a href="/wiki/Fiber-optic" class="mw-redirect" title="Fiber-optic">fiber-optic</a> bundles. </p><p>Major <a href="/wiki/Petroleum" title="Petroleum">petroleum</a> and <a href="/wiki/Natural_gas" title="Natural gas">natural gas</a> <a href="/wiki/Pipeline_transport" class="mw-redirect" title="Pipeline transport">pipelines</a> cross the area, running from the <a href="/wiki/Gulf_of_Mexico" title="Gulf of Mexico">Gulf</a> <a href="/wiki/Coast" title="Coast">coast</a>, <a href="/wiki/Texas" title="Texas">Texas</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Louisiana" title="Louisiana">Louisiana</a> to the population centers of the <a href="/wiki/Northeastern_United_States" title="Northeastern United States">Northeastern U.S.</a> This includes <a href="/wiki/Colonial_Pipeline" title="Colonial Pipeline">Colonial Pipeline</a> and <a href="/wiki/Plantation_Pipeline" title="Plantation Pipeline">Plantation Pipeline</a>, both based in Alpharetta. </p><p>Metro Atlanta primarily uses <a href="/wiki/Natural_gas" title="Natural gas">natural gas</a> for <a href="/wiki/Central_heating" title="Central heating">central heating</a> and <a href="/wiki/Water_heating" title="Water heating">water heaters</a>, with the major exception of <a href="/wiki/Heat_pump" title="Heat pump">heat pumps</a> in <a href="/wiki/Apartment" title="Apartment">apartments</a> built during and since the 1980s. This is because winters are mild, and large apartment buildings usually require little energy to heat. Backup heat (also used during defrosting) is usually supplied by electric <a href="/wiki/Resistance_heating" class="mw-redirect" title="Resistance heating">resistance heating</a>, though some homes have <a href="/wiki/Hybrid_heat" title="Hybrid heat">hybrid heating</a> units which use gas backup when it is cold. Exurban homes may also use all-electric instead of gas, if <a href="/wiki/Gas_main" class="mw-redirect" title="Gas main">gas mains</a> have not been extended to an area. </p><p><a href="/wiki/Cooktop" title="Cooktop">Cooktops</a> and <a href="/wiki/Oven" title="Oven">ovens</a> are a mix of gas and electric, while gas <a href="/wiki/Clothes_dryer" title="Clothes dryer">clothes dryers</a> are rather rare. <span class="citation-needed-content" style="padding-left:0.1em; padding-right:0.1em; color:var(--color-subtle, #54595d); border:1px solid var(--border-color-subtle, #c8ccd1);">Nearly all homes have a <a href="/wiki/Fireplace" title="Fireplace">fireplace</a></span><sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="margin-left:0.1em; white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (February 2018)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> with a manual-<a href="/wiki/Valve" title="Valve">valve</a> gas starter, and some are now equipped with permanent <a href="/w/index.php?title=Gas_log&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Gas log (page does not exist)">gas logs</a> with <a href="/wiki/Electric_fireplace" title="Electric fireplace">electric switch start</a>. Some homes also have natural gas <a href="/wiki/Grill_(cooking)" class="mw-redirect" title="Grill (cooking)">barbecue grills</a>, formerly sold at <a href="/wiki/Utility_company" class="mw-redirect" title="Utility company">utility company</a> stores. </p><p><a href="/wiki/Georgia_Power" title="Georgia Power">Georgia Power</a> is the main <a href="/wiki/Electric_power" title="Electric power">electric power</a> company across the state and the metro area, beginning in 1902 as <a href="/wiki/Georgia_Railway_and_Power_Company" class="mw-redirect" title="Georgia Railway and Power Company">Georgia Railway and Power Company</a>, Atlanta's <a href="/wiki/Streetcar" class="mw-redirect" title="Streetcar">streetcar</a> (<a href="/wiki/Tram" title="Tram">trolley</a>) company’s. Several <a href="/wiki/Electric_membership_corporation" class="mw-redirect" title="Electric membership corporation">electric membership corporations</a> also serve the suburbs. These include the second-largest EMC in the nation<sup id="cite_ref-31" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> in <a href="/wiki/Jackson_Electric_Membership_Corporation" title="Jackson Electric Membership Corporation">Jackson EMC</a>, <a href="/wiki/Cobb_EMC" class="mw-redirect" title="Cobb EMC">Cobb EMC</a>, Walton EMC, and <a href="/wiki/Sawnee_EMC" title="Sawnee EMC">Sawnee EMC</a>. The city of Marietta operates its own electric utility, Marietta Power, under the Board of Lights & Water (BLW). It is also a member of the <a href="/w/index.php?title=Municipal_Electric_Association_of_Georgia&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Municipal Electric Association of Georgia (page does not exist)">Municipal Electric Association of Georgia</a> (MEAG). </p><p><a href="/wiki/Atlanta_Gas_Light" title="Atlanta Gas Light">Atlanta Gas Light</a> is the <a href="/wiki/Natural_gas" title="Natural gas">natural gas</a> utility for the region, and has been so for over a <a href="/wiki/Century" title="Century">century</a> and a half, since it installed <a href="/wiki/Gas_lamp" class="mw-redirect" title="Gas lamp">gas lamps</a> in Atlanta in 1856. It operated as a <a href="/wiki/Regulated_monopoly" class="mw-redirect" title="Regulated monopoly">regulated monopoly</a> until November 1998, the after the state legislature voted in early 1997 to <a href="/wiki/Deregulate" class="mw-redirect" title="Deregulate">deregulate</a> natural gas <a href="/wiki/Marketing" title="Marketing">marketing</a>, and make customers choose among nearly 20 different marketers still selling the same AGL-<a href="/wiki/Wholesale" class="mw-redirect" title="Wholesale">wholesaled</a> gas, such as Gas South, Infinite Energy, <a href="/wiki/SCANA" title="SCANA">SCANA</a> and <a href="/wiki/Georgia_Natural_Gas" class="mw-redirect" title="Georgia Natural Gas">Georgia Natural Gas</a>. Most of the gas comes via <a href="/wiki/Pipeline_transport" class="mw-redirect" title="Pipeline transport">pipeline</a> from <a href="/wiki/Louisiana" title="Louisiana">Louisiana</a>. </p><p>Water is provided by various county and a few city systems. Several of these systems actually serve parts of neighboring counties and cities as well. The <a href="/w/index.php?title=Cobb-Marietta_Water_Authority&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Cobb-Marietta Water Authority (page does not exist)">Cobb-Marietta Water Authority</a> serves not only Cobb, but also parts of neighboring Paulding and Cherokee counties, for example. During <a href="/wiki/Drought" title="Drought">drought</a> or other <a href="/wiki/Emergency" title="Emergency">emergency</a>, cities and counties can enact <a href="/wiki/Outdoor_water-use_restriction" title="Outdoor water-use restriction">outdoor water-use restrictions</a>, however some cross-<a href="/wiki/Jurisdiction" title="Jurisdiction">jurisdiction</a> <a href="/wiki/Water_system" class="mw-redirect" title="Water system">water systems</a> have also acted to put bans in place. In late September 2007, the state <a href="/w/index.php?title=Environmental_Protection_Division&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Environmental Protection Division (page does not exist)">Environmental Protection Division</a> of the <a href="/wiki/Georgia_Department_of_Natural_Resources" title="Georgia Department of Natural Resources">Georgia Department of Natural Resources</a>, stepped-in with its first-ever ban, covering most of the northern half of the state. While <a href="/wiki/Surface_water" title="Surface water">surface water</a> is by far the primary source of water for the region, the drought had many systems (and a few wealthy homeowners) drilling new <a href="/wiki/Water_well" class="mw-redirect" title="Water well">wells</a> for <a href="/wiki/Ground_water" class="mw-redirect" title="Ground water">ground water</a>, though the local <a href="/wiki/Water_table" title="Water table">water table</a> is around 400 feet (120 m) deep, on <a href="/wiki/Average" title="Average">average</a>. </p><p><a href="/wiki/Sanitary_sewer" title="Sanitary sewer">Sewerage</a> is also handled by the water utilities, but the various water and sewer networks may not conform to the same boundaries, resulting in <a href="/wiki/Interbasin_water_transfer" class="mw-redirect" title="Interbasin water transfer">interbasin water transfers</a>. This is for practical reasons, because the area is hilly and divided by several <a href="/wiki/Drainage_divide" title="Drainage divide">watersheds</a>, because the area has developed irregularly and erratically, and because <a href="/wiki/Water_treatment" title="Water treatment">water treatment</a> plants are usually not near <a href="/wiki/Sewage_treatment_plant" class="mw-redirect" title="Sewage treatment plant">sewage treatment plants</a>. <a href="/wiki/Septic_tank" title="Septic tank">Septic tanks</a> are still used in the older homes of some exurbs. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Housing">Housing</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Metro_Atlanta&action=edit&section=21" title="Edit section: Housing"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Low-density <a href="/wiki/Residential_subdivision" class="mw-redirect" title="Residential subdivision">residential subdivision</a> development dominates the metro Atlanta suburbs. </p><p>Changes in <a href="/wiki/House_price_index" title="House price index">house prices</a> for the metro area are publicly tracked on a regular basis using the <a href="/wiki/Case%E2%80%93Shiller_index" title="Case–Shiller index">Case–Shiller index</a>; the statistic is published by <a href="/wiki/Standard_%26_Poor%27s" class="mw-redirect" title="Standard & Poor's">Standard & Poor's</a> and is also a component of S&P's 20‑city <a href="/wiki/Composite_(finance)" title="Composite (finance)">composite index</a> of the value of the U.S. residential real estate market. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Community_improvement_districts">Community improvement districts</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Metro_Atlanta&action=edit&section=22" title="Edit section: Community improvement districts"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>All of Georgia's <a href="/wiki/Community_improvement_district" class="mw-redirect" title="Community improvement district">community improvement districts</a> are located in metro Atlanta. </p> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Buckhead_Community_Improvement_District&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Buckhead Community Improvement District (page does not exist)">Buckhead Community Improvement District</a>, covering <a href="/wiki/Buckhead_(Atlanta)" class="mw-redirect" title="Buckhead (Atlanta)">Buckhead</a><sup id="cite_ref-32" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Perimeter_Center_Community_Improvement_Districts&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Perimeter Center Community Improvement Districts (page does not exist)">Perimeter Center Community Improvement Districts</a>, covering the <a href="/wiki/Perimeter_Center" title="Perimeter Center">Perimeter Center</a> area of Sandy Springs and Dunwoody<sup id="cite_ref-33" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>/</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cumberland_Community_Improvement_District" title="Cumberland Community Improvement District">Cumberland Community Improvement District</a>, around <a href="/wiki/Cumberland_Mall_(Georgia)" title="Cumberland Mall (Georgia)">Cumberland Mall</a><sup id="cite_ref-34" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Town_Center_Area_Community_Improvement_District" title="Town Center Area Community Improvement District">Town Center Area Community Improvement District</a>, around <a href="/wiki/Town_Center_at_Cobb" title="Town Center at Cobb">Town Center at Cobb</a> mall<sup id="cite_ref-35" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-35"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>35<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Gwinnett_Place_Community_Improvement_District&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Gwinnett Place Community Improvement District (page does not exist)">Gwinnett Place Community Improvement District</a>, around <a href="/wiki/Gwinnett_Place_Mall" title="Gwinnett Place Mall">Gwinnett Place Mall</a><sup id="cite_ref-36" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-36"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>36<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.gateway85.com/">Gateway85 Community Improvement District</a>, covering area southeast of <a href="/wiki/Norcross,_Georgia" title="Norcross, Georgia">Norcross</a><sup id="cite_ref-37" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-37"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>37<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Evermore_Community_Improvement_District&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Evermore Community Improvement District (page does not exist)">Evermore Community Improvement District</a>, or <a href="/w/index.php?title=Highway_78_Community_Improvement_District&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Highway 78 Community Improvement District (page does not exist)">Highway 78 Community Improvement District</a>, covering part of the <a href="/wiki/U.S._78" class="mw-redirect" title="U.S. 78">U.S. 78</a> corridor in Gwinnett near <a href="/wiki/Snellville" class="mw-redirect" title="Snellville">Snellville</a><sup id="cite_ref-38" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-38"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>38<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Lilburn_Community_Improvement_District&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Lilburn Community Improvement District (page does not exist)">Lilburn Community Improvement District</a>, established early 2010 in <a href="/wiki/Lilburn,_Georgia" title="Lilburn, Georgia">Lilburn</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Aerotropolis_Atlanta_CIDs&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Aerotropolis Atlanta CIDs (page does not exist)">Aerotropolis Atlanta CIDs</a><sup id="cite_ref-39" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-39"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>39<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Boulevard_CID_(industrial_district)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Boulevard CID (industrial district) (page does not exist)">Boulevard CID (industrial district)</a>, created 2010<sup id="cite_ref-40" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-40"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>40<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> <p>In May 2016, the City of Atlanta launched Atlanta City Studio, the city's first "pop-up urban design laboratory focused on shaping the future of city neighborhoods."<sup id="cite_ref-41" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-41"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>41<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The studio hosts "lectures, open forums, urban art presentations and other neighborhood and design components."<sup id="cite_ref-42" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-42"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>42<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Atlanta City Studio will relocate twice per year in order for residents to interact with staff and share their ideas about improving city design. The studio is located on the second floor of <a href="/wiki/Ponce_City_Market" title="Ponce City Market">Ponce City Market</a> and in January 2017 will relocate "to a retail location on the Westside, possibly on MLK Jr. Drive or Cascade Road."<sup id="cite_ref-43" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-43"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>43<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Education">Education</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Metro_Atlanta&action=edit&section=23" title="Edit section: Education"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Colleges_and_universities">Colleges and universities</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Metro_Atlanta&action=edit&section=24" title="Edit section: Colleges and universities"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1184024115"><div class="div-col" style="column-width: 30em;"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Agnes_Scott_College" title="Agnes Scott College">Agnes Scott College</a> – <a href="/wiki/Decatur,_Georgia" title="Decatur, Georgia">Decatur</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Atlanta_Metropolitan_State_College" title="Atlanta Metropolitan State College">Atlanta Metropolitan State College</a> – <a href="/wiki/Atlanta" title="Atlanta">Atlanta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Atlanta_Technical_College" title="Atlanta Technical College">Atlanta Technical College</a> – Atlanta</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Atlanta_University_Center" title="Atlanta University Center">Atlanta University Center</a> – Atlanta <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Clark_Atlanta_University" title="Clark Atlanta University">Clark Atlanta University</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Morehouse_College" title="Morehouse College">Morehouse College</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Morehouse_School_of_Medicine" title="Morehouse School of Medicine">Morehouse School of Medicine</a></li></ul></li></ul> <p>Morris Brown College </p> <ul><li><ul><li><a href="/wiki/Spelman_College" title="Spelman College">Spelman College</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brenau_University" title="Brenau University">Brenau University</a> – <a href="/wiki/Gainesville,_Georgia" title="Gainesville, Georgia">Gainesville</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chattahoochee_Technical_College" title="Chattahoochee Technical College">Chattahoochee Technical College</a> – <a href="/wiki/Acworth,_Georgia" title="Acworth, Georgia">Acworth</a> and <a href="/wiki/Marietta,_Georgia" title="Marietta, Georgia">Marietta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Clayton_State_University" title="Clayton State University">Clayton State University</a> – <a href="/wiki/Morrow,_Georgia" title="Morrow, Georgia">Morrow</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Columbia_Theological_Seminary" title="Columbia Theological Seminary">Columbia Theological Seminary</a> – Decatur</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Emory_University" title="Emory University">Emory University</a> – Atlanta</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Georgia_College" class="mw-redirect" title="Georgia College">Georgia College</a> – <a href="/wiki/Milledgeville,_Georgia" title="Milledgeville, Georgia">Milledgeville</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Georgia_Gwinnett_College" title="Georgia Gwinnett College">Georgia Gwinnett College</a> – <a href="/wiki/Lawrenceville,_Georgia" title="Lawrenceville, Georgia">Lawrenceville</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Georgia_Institute_of_Technology" class="mw-redirect" title="Georgia Institute of Technology">Georgia Institute of Technology</a> – Atlanta</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Georgia_Piedmont_Technical_College" title="Georgia Piedmont Technical College">Georgia Piedmont Technical College</a> – <a href="/wiki/Clarkston,_Georgia" title="Clarkston, Georgia">Clarkston</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Georgia_State_University" title="Georgia State University">Georgia State University</a> – Atlanta <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Georgia_Perimeter_College" class="mw-redirect" title="Georgia Perimeter College">Perimeter College</a> – <a href="/wiki/Alpharetta,_Georgia" title="Alpharetta, Georgia">Alpharetta</a>, <a href="/wiki/Clarkston,_Georgia" title="Clarkston, Georgia">Clarkston</a>, <a href="/wiki/Covington,_Georgia" title="Covington, Georgia">Covington</a>, Decatur and <a href="/wiki/Dunwoody,_Georgia" title="Dunwoody, Georgia">Dunwoody</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gwinnett_Technical_College" title="Gwinnett Technical College">Gwinnett Technical College</a> – Lawrenceville</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Interdenominational_Theological_Center" title="Interdenominational Theological Center">Interdenominational Theological Center</a> – Atlanta</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Atlanta%27s_John_Marshall_Law_School" title="Atlanta's John Marshall Law School">John Marshall Law School</a> – Atlanta</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kennesaw_State_University" title="Kennesaw State University">Kennesaw State University</a> – <a href="/wiki/Kennesaw,_Georgia" title="Kennesaw, Georgia">Kennesaw</a> and Marietta</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lanier_Technical_College" title="Lanier Technical College">Lanier Technical College</a> – Gainesville, <a href="/wiki/Cumming,_Georgia" title="Cumming, Georgia">Cumming</a>, <a href="/wiki/Winder,_Georgia" title="Winder, Georgia">Winder</a>, <a href="/wiki/Dawsonville,_Georgia" title="Dawsonville, Georgia">Dawsonville</a> and <a href="/wiki/Commerce,_Georgia" title="Commerce, Georgia">Commerce</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Life_University" title="Life University">Life University</a> – Marietta</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mercer_University" title="Mercer University">Mercer University</a> – Atlanta</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Morris_Brown_College" title="Morris Brown College">Morris Brown College</a> – Atlanta</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oglethorpe_University" title="Oglethorpe University">Oglethorpe University</a> – <a href="/wiki/Brookhaven,_Georgia" title="Brookhaven, Georgia">Brookhaven</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oxford_College_of_Emory_University" title="Oxford College of Emory University">Oxford College</a> – <a href="/wiki/Oxford,_Georgia" title="Oxford, Georgia">Oxford</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Reinhardt_University" title="Reinhardt University">Reinhardt University</a> – <a href="/wiki/Waleska,_Georgia" title="Waleska, Georgia">Waleska</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Savannah_College_of_Art_and_Design" title="Savannah College of Art and Design">Savannah College of Art and Design</a> – Atlanta</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Southern_Crescent_Technical_College" title="Southern Crescent Technical College">Southern Crescent Technical College</a> – <a href="/wiki/Griffin,_Georgia" title="Griffin, Georgia">Griffin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/University_of_North_Georgia" title="University of North Georgia">University of North Georgia</a> – Gainesville</li> <li><a href="/wiki/University_of_West_Georgia" title="University of West Georgia">University of West Georgia</a> – <a href="/wiki/Carrollton,_Georgia" title="Carrollton, Georgia">Carrollton</a> and <a href="/wiki/Newnan,_Georgia" title="Newnan, Georgia">Newnan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/West_Georgia_Technical_College" title="West Georgia Technical College">West Georgia Technical College</a> – Carrollton, <a href="/wiki/Douglasville,_Georgia" title="Douglasville, Georgia">Douglasville</a>, Newnan and <a href="/wiki/Waco,_Georgia" title="Waco, Georgia">Waco</a></li></ul> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="School_districts">School districts</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Metro_Atlanta&action=edit&section=25" title="Edit section: School districts"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1184024115"><div class="div-col" style="column-width: 30em;"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Atlanta_Public_Schools" title="Atlanta Public Schools">Atlanta Public Schools</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Barrow_County_Schools" title="Barrow County Schools">Barrow County Schools</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bartow_County_School_District" title="Bartow County School District">Bartow County School District</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Buford_City_School_District" title="Buford City School District">Buford City School District</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Butts_County_School_District" title="Butts County School District">Butts County School District</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Carroll_County_School_District_(Georgia)" title="Carroll County School District (Georgia)">Carroll County School District</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Carrollton_City_School_District" title="Carrollton City School District">Carrollton City School District</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cartersville_City_School_District" title="Cartersville City School District">Cartersville City School District</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cherokee_County_School_District_(Georgia)" title="Cherokee County School District (Georgia)">Cherokee County School District</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Clayton_County_Public_Schools" title="Clayton County Public Schools">Clayton County Public Schools</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cobb_County_Public_Schools" class="mw-redirect" title="Cobb County Public Schools">Cobb County Public Schools</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Coweta_County_School_System" title="Coweta County School System">Coweta County School System</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dawson_County_School_District" title="Dawson County School District">Dawson County School District</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Decatur_City_School_District" class="mw-redirect" title="Decatur City School District">Decatur City School District</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/DeKalb_County_School_System" class="mw-redirect" title="DeKalb County School System">DeKalb County School System</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Douglas_County_School_District" title="Douglas County School District">Douglas County School District</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fayette_County_School_System_(Georgia)" title="Fayette County School System (Georgia)">Fayette County School System</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Forsyth_County_Schools" title="Forsyth County Schools">Forsyth County Schools</a></li> <li class="mw-empty-elt"></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fulton_County_Public_Schools" class="mw-redirect" title="Fulton County Public Schools">Fulton County Public Schools</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gainesville_City_School_District" title="Gainesville City School District">Gainesville City School District</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Griffin-Spalding_County_School_District" title="Griffin-Spalding County School District">Griffin-Spalding County School District</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gwinnett_County_Public_Schools" title="Gwinnett County Public Schools">Gwinnett County Public Schools</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hall_County_School_District" title="Hall County School District">Hall County School District</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Haralson_County_School_District" title="Haralson County School District">Haralson County School District</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Heard_County_School_District" title="Heard County School District">Heard County School District</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Henry_County_School_District" class="mw-redirect" title="Henry County School District">Henry County School District</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jasper_County_School_District" title="Jasper County School District">Jasper County School District</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lamar_County_School_District_(Georgia)" title="Lamar County School District (Georgia)">Lamar County School District</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marietta_City_Schools_(Georgia)" title="Marietta City Schools (Georgia)">Marietta City School District</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Meriwether_County_School_District" title="Meriwether County School District">Meriwether County School District</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Morgan_County_School_District" title="Morgan County School District">Morgan County School District</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Newton_County_School_System" title="Newton County School System">Newton County School District</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paulding_County_School_District" title="Paulding County School District">Paulding County School District</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pickens_County_School_District_(Georgia)" title="Pickens County School District (Georgia)">Pickens County School District</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pike_County_School_District" title="Pike County School District">Pike County School District</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rockdale_County_School_District" title="Rockdale County School District">Rockdale County School District</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Social_Circle_City_School_District" title="Social Circle City School District">Social Circle City School District</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Walton_County_School_District_(Georgia)" title="Walton County School District (Georgia)">Walton County School District</a></li></ul> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Government_and_politics">Government and politics</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Metro_Atlanta&action=edit&section=26" title="Edit section: Government and politics"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:MariettaGeorgia.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/MariettaGeorgia.jpg/200px-MariettaGeorgia.jpg" decoding="async" width="200" height="150" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/MariettaGeorgia.jpg/300px-MariettaGeorgia.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/MariettaGeorgia.jpg/400px-MariettaGeorgia.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2032" data-file-height="1524" /></a><figcaption>Downtown Marietta's historic <a href="/wiki/Town_square" title="Town square">town square</a></figcaption></figure> <p>In geographic terms, Georgia has the smallest average county size of any state.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (December 2022)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> This focuses government more locally but allows greater conflict between multiple jurisdictions, each with its own agenda. </p><p>The first significant <a href="/wiki/Intergovernmental_agency" class="mw-redirect" title="Intergovernmental agency">intergovernmental agency</a> in metro Atlanta was the <a href="/wiki/Metropolitan_Atlanta_Rapid_Transit_Authority" title="Metropolitan Atlanta Rapid Transit Authority">Metropolitan Atlanta Rapid Transit Authority</a>, which runs the MARTA <a href="/wiki/Public_transportation" class="mw-redirect" title="Public transportation">public transportation</a> system. Alongside other factors such as <a href="/wiki/Racism" title="Racism">race</a> and <a href="/wiki/Socioeconomic_class" class="mw-redirect" title="Socioeconomic class">class</a>, as well as a lack of planning and perceived lack of need, problems associated with the <a href="/wiki/Inner_city" title="Inner city">inner city</a> of Atlanta (<a href="/wiki/Crime" title="Crime">crime</a>, <a href="/wiki/Poverty" title="Poverty">poverty</a>, and poor <a href="/wiki/Public_school_(government_funded)" class="mw-redirect" title="Public school (government funded)">public school</a> performance) influenced Cobb, Gwinnett, and Clayton county voters to refuse to allow construction of MARTA into their respective counties during the 1970s. These decisions resulted in permanent effects on <a href="/wiki/Land_development" title="Land development">land development</a> in the region, making use of private <a href="/wiki/Automobile" class="mw-redirect" title="Automobile">automobiles</a> even more of a necessity.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (January 2014)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p><p>The <a href="/wiki/Atlanta_Regional_Commission" title="Atlanta Regional Commission">Atlanta Regional Commission</a> is so far the closest that the area has come to a <a href="/wiki/Metropolitan_government" class="mw-redirect" title="Metropolitan government">metropolitan government</a>. It approves only those projects deemed to have a positive effect beyond the immediate area in which they are to be constructed. The <a href="/wiki/Georgia_Regional_Transportation_Authority" title="Georgia Regional Transportation Authority">Georgia Regional Transportation Authority</a> is somewhat of a cross between ARC and MARTA, working to improve mobility, air quality, and land use practices in the region. GRTA also operates <a href="/wiki/Georgia_Regional_Transportation_Authority#''''Xpress''''_service" title="Georgia Regional Transportation Authority">Xpress buses</a> from 11 counties, and could operate <a href="/wiki/Commuter_rail" title="Commuter rail">commuter rail</a> service in the future. Currently, plans for commuter rail and eventual <a href="/wiki/Intercity_rail" class="mw-redirect" title="Intercity rail">intercity rail</a> (including the long-proposed but still unfunded <a href="/wiki/Atlanta_Multimodal_Passenger_Terminal" class="mw-redirect" title="Atlanta Multimodal Passenger Terminal">Atlanta Multimodal Passenger Terminal</a>) are the responsibility of the <a href="/wiki/Georgia_Rail_Passenger_Authority" class="mw-redirect" title="Georgia Rail Passenger Authority">Georgia Rail Passenger Authority</a>, which receives almost no funding. </p><p>Since 2007 proposals have been floated to allow new multi-county <a href="/wiki/Sales_tax" title="Sales tax">sales taxes</a>, in addition to existing county sales taxes for roads, to pay for regional transportation initiatives.<sup id="cite_ref-44" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-44"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>44<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p><b>Politics</b> </p><p>Due to demographic shifts and population increases in the region, Metro Atlanta has trended toward the <a href="/wiki/Democratic_Party_(United_States)" title="Democratic Party (United States)">Democratic Party</a>, so much so that Democrats have been able to win statewide due to turnout from this area. In 2020, <a href="/wiki/Joe_Biden" title="Joe Biden">Joe Biden</a> won the area by 15.4 points, enough to narrowly capture the state's 16 electoral votes.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (March 2024)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p><p>In <a href="/wiki/2020%E2%80%9321_United_States_Senate_election_in_Georgia" title="2020–21 United States Senate election in Georgia">2020</a> and <a href="/wiki/2022_United_States_Senate_election_in_Georgia" title="2022 United States Senate election in Georgia">2022</a>, Democrats <a href="/wiki/Jon_Ossoff" title="Jon Ossoff">Jon Ossoff</a> and <a href="/wiki/Raphael_Warnock" title="Raphael Warnock">Raphael Warnock</a> successfully won full terms to represent the state in the <a href="/wiki/United_States_Senate" title="United States Senate">U.S. Senate</a>, mainly due to winning by large margins in Metro Atlanta.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (March 2024)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Healthcare">Healthcare</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Metro_Atlanta&action=edit&section=27" title="Edit section: Healthcare"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The area is served by a network of healthcare facilities including private practice, urgent care, hospital systems, and specialty care facilities. There are approximately 37 hospitals serving the metro. There are both private for profit systems and community not-for-profit systems. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Hospitals_with_#_beds"><span id="Hospitals_with_.23_beds"></span>Hospitals with # beds</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Metro_Atlanta&action=edit&section=28" title="Edit section: Hospitals with # beds"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><i>Trauma Centers - Level I * ; Level II **</i> </p> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1184024115"><div class="div-col" style="column-width: 30em;"> <p><a href="/wiki/Children%27s_Healthcare_of_Atlanta" title="Children's Healthcare of Atlanta">Children's Healthcare of Atlanta</a> </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Children%27s_Healthcare_of_Atlanta" title="Children's Healthcare of Atlanta">Arthur M Blank Hospital</a> - Brookhaven - 446 *</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Children%27s_Healthcare_of_Atlanta" title="Children's Healthcare of Atlanta">Hughes Spalding Hospital</a> - Atlanta - 82</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Children%27s_Healthcare_of_Atlanta" title="Children's Healthcare of Atlanta">Scottish Rite Hospital</a> - Sandy Springs - 319</li></ul> <p><a href="/wiki/Emory_Healthcare" title="Emory Healthcare">Emory Healthcare</a> </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Emory_University_Hospital" title="Emory University Hospital">Emory University Hospital</a> - Atlanta - 733</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Emory_University_Hospital-Midtown" class="mw-redirect" title="Emory University Hospital-Midtown">Emory University Hospital-Midtown</a> - Atlanta - 511</li> <li>Emory University Hospital-Wesley Woods - Atlanta - 71</li> <li>Emory University Orthopedic and Spine Hospital - Tucker - 75</li> <li>Emory Decatur Hospital - Decatur - 422</li> <li>Emory Hillandale Hospital - Lithonia - 90</li> <li>Emory Johns Creek Hospital - Johns Creek - 118</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Emory_Saint_Joseph%27s_Hospital" title="Emory Saint Joseph's Hospital">Emory Saint Joseph's Hospital</a> - Sandy Springs - 356</li></ul> <p><a href="/wiki/Grady_Memorial_Hospital" title="Grady Memorial Hospital">Grady Memorial Hospital</a> - Atlanta - 974 * </p><p>Northeast Georgia Medical Center - Gainesville - 872 ** </p><p><a href="/wiki/Northside_Hospital_System" title="Northside Hospital System">Northside Hospital System</a> </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Northside_Hospital" class="mw-redirect" title="Northside Hospital">Northside Hospital Atlanta</a> - Sandy Springs - 621</li> <li>Northside Hospital Cherokee - Canton - 126</li> <li>Northside Hospital Duluth - Duluth - 81</li> <li>Northside Hospital Forsyth - Cumming - 304</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gwinnett_Medical_Center" class="mw-redirect" title="Gwinnett Medical Center">Northside Hospital Gwinnett</a> - Lawrenceville - 353 **</li></ul> <p><a href="/wiki/Piedmont" title="Piedmont">Piedmont</a> Healthcare </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Piedmont_Hospital" class="mw-redirect" title="Piedmont Hospital">Piedmont Atlanta Hospital</a> - Atlanta - 512</li> <li>Piedmont Eastside Hospital - Snellville - 287</li> <li>Piedmont Fayette Hospital - Fayetteville - 290</li> <li>Piedmont Henry Hospital - Stockbridge - 341</li> <li>Piedmont Mountainside Hospital - Jasper - 52</li> <li>Piedmont Newnan Hospital - Newnan - 154</li> <li>Piedmont Newton Hospital - Covington - 94</li> <li>Piedmont Rockdale Hospital - Conyers - 138</li> <li>Piedmont Walton Hospital - Monroe - 77</li></ul> <p><a href="/wiki/Shepherd_Center" title="Shepherd Center">Shepherd Center</a> - Atlanta - 152 </p><p><a href="/wiki/WellStar_Health_System" class="mw-redirect" title="WellStar Health System">Wellstar Health System</a> </p> <ul><li>Wellstar Atlanta Medical Center-South - East Point - 198</li> <li>Wellstar Cobb Hospital - Austell - 387</li> <li><a href="/wiki/WellStar_Douglas_Hospital" title="WellStar Douglas Hospital">Wellstar Douglas Hospital</a> - Douglasville - 102</li> <li><a href="/wiki/WellStar_Kennestone_Hospital" class="mw-redirect" title="WellStar Kennestone Hospital">Wellstar Kennestone Hospital</a> - Marietta - 662 *</li> <li>Wellstar North Fulton Hospital - Roswell - 202 **</li> <li>Wellstar Paulding Hospital - Hiram - 294</li> <li>Wellstar Spalding Regional Hospital - Griffin - 160</li></ul> <p><a href="/wiki/Veterans_Administration_Medical_Center" class="mw-redirect" title="Veterans Administration Medical Center">Veterans Administration Health Care</a> </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Veterans_Administration_Medical_Center" class="mw-redirect" title="Veterans Administration Medical Center">Veterans Administration Medical Center</a> - Decatur</li></ul> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Media">Media</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Metro_Atlanta&action=edit&section=29" title="Edit section: Media"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1216972533"><div> <table class="col-begin" role="presentation"> <tbody><tr> <td class="col-break"> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Radio">Radio</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Metro_Atlanta&action=edit&section=30" title="Edit section: Radio"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>Q99.7, 99.7</li> <li>Star 94, 94.1</li> <li>The River, 97.1</li> <li>V-103, 103.3</li> <li>El Patron 105.3</li> <li>Radio 105.7</li> <li>Kiss 104.1</li> <li>96.1 The Beat</li> <li>praise 102.5</li> <li>Bull 94.9</li> <li>99X 100.5</li> <li>hot 107.9</li> <li>104.7 The Fish</li> <li>92.9 The Game <a href="/wiki/WZGC" title="WZGC">WZGC</a></li> <li>WSB Radio 95.5FM and 750AM</li> <li>WREK 91.1 - Georgia Tech's Student Radio</li></ul> </td> <td class="col-break"> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="TV">TV</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Metro_Atlanta&action=edit&section=31" title="Edit section: TV"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/CNN" title="CNN">CNN</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Turner_Broadcasting" class="mw-redirect" title="Turner Broadcasting">Turner Broadcasting</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Weather_Channel" title="The Weather Channel">The Weather Channel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Georgia_Public_Broadcasting" title="Georgia Public Broadcasting">Georgia Public Broadcasting</a> (PBS), 9 stations</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Adult_Swim" title="Adult Swim">Adult Swim</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Print">Print</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Metro_Atlanta&action=edit&section=32" title="Edit section: Print"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Atlanta_Business_Chronicle" title="Atlanta Business Chronicle">Atlanta Business Chronicle</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Atlanta_Journal-Constitution" title="The Atlanta Journal-Constitution">The Atlanta Journal-Constitution</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Atlanta_(magazine)" title="Atlanta (magazine)">Atlanta Magazine</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Atlanta_Parent&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Atlanta Parent (page does not exist)">Atlanta Parent</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=The_Atlantan&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="The Atlantan (page does not exist)">The Atlantan</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Gwinnett_Daily_Post" title="Gwinnett Daily Post">Gwinnett Daily Post</a></i></li> <li><i>Jezebel</i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Marietta_Daily_Journal" title="Marietta Daily Journal">Marietta Daily Journal</a></i></li></ul> <p>  </p> </td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Culture_and_attractions">Culture and attractions</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Metro_Atlanta&action=edit&section=33" title="Edit section: Culture and attractions"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Professional_sports_teams">Professional sports teams</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Metro_Atlanta&action=edit&section=34" title="Edit section: Professional sports teams"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Sports_in_Atlanta" title="Sports in Atlanta">Sports in Atlanta</a></div> <table class="wikitable sortable"> <tbody><tr> <th>Club </th> <th>Sport </th> <th>League </th> <th>Venue </th> <th>City </th> <th>Since </th> <th>Titles </th></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Atlanta_Braves" title="Atlanta Braves">Atlanta Braves</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Baseball" title="Baseball">Baseball</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Major_League_Baseball" title="Major League Baseball">Major League Baseball</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Truist_Park" title="Truist Park">Truist Park</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Cumberland,_Georgia" title="Cumberland, Georgia">Cumberland</a> </td> <td>1966 </td> <td>2 (<a href="/wiki/1995_World_Series" title="1995 World Series">1995</a>, <a href="/wiki/2021_World_Series" title="2021 World Series">2021</a>) </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Gwinnett_Stripers" title="Gwinnett Stripers">Gwinnett Stripers</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Baseball" title="Baseball">Baseball</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/International_League" title="International League">International League</a> <a href="/wiki/Triple-A_(baseball)" title="Triple-A (baseball)">(AAA)</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Coolray_Field" title="Coolray Field">Coolray Field</a> </td> <td>Lawrenceville </td> <td>2009 </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Atlanta_Falcons" title="Atlanta Falcons">Atlanta Falcons</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/American_football" title="American football">American football</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/National_Football_League" title="National Football League">National Football League</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Mercedes-Benz_Stadium" title="Mercedes-Benz Stadium">Mercedes-Benz Stadium</a> </td> <td>Atlanta </td> <td>1966 </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Atlanta_Gladiators" title="Atlanta Gladiators">Atlanta Gladiators</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Ice_hockey" title="Ice hockey">Ice hockey</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/ECHL" title="ECHL">ECHL</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Gas_South_Arena" title="Gas South Arena">Gas South Arena</a> </td> <td>Duluth </td> <td>2003 </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Atlanta_Hawks" title="Atlanta Hawks">Atlanta Hawks</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Basketball" title="Basketball">Basketball</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/National_Basketball_Association" title="National Basketball Association">National Basketball Association</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/State_Farm_Arena_(Atlanta)" class="mw-redirect" title="State Farm Arena (Atlanta)">State Farm Arena</a> </td> <td>Atlanta </td> <td>1968 </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Atlanta_Dream" title="Atlanta Dream">Atlanta Dream</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Basketball" title="Basketball">Basketball</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Women%27s_National_Basketball_Association" title="Women's National Basketball Association">Women's National Basketball Association</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Gateway_Center_Arena" title="Gateway Center Arena">Gateway Center Arena</a> </td> <td>College Park </td> <td>2008 </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/College_Park_Skyhawks" title="College Park Skyhawks">College Park Skyhawks</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Basketball" title="Basketball">Basketball</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/NBA_G_League" title="NBA G League">NBA G League</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Gateway_Center_Arena" title="Gateway Center Arena">Gateway Center Arena</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/College_Park,_Georgia" title="College Park, Georgia">College Park</a> </td> <td>2019 </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Atlanta_United_FC" title="Atlanta United FC">Atlanta United FC</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Association_football" title="Association football">Soccer</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Major_League_Soccer" title="Major League Soccer">Major League Soccer</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Mercedes-Benz_Stadium" title="Mercedes-Benz Stadium">Mercedes-Benz Stadium</a> </td> <td>Atlanta </td> <td>2017 </td> <td>1 (<a href="/wiki/MLS_Cup_2018" title="MLS Cup 2018">2018</a>) </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Atlanta_United_2" title="Atlanta United 2">Atlanta United 2</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Association_football" title="Association football">Soccer</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/MLS_Next_Pro" title="MLS Next Pro">MLS Next Pro</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Fifth_Third_Bank_Stadium" class="mw-redirect" title="Fifth Third Bank Stadium">Fifth Third Bank Stadium</a> </td> <td>Kennesaw </td> <td>2017 </td> <td> </td></tr> </tbody></table> <p>Former teams include the <a href="/wiki/Atlanta_Flames" title="Atlanta Flames">Atlanta Flames</a> (now <a href="/wiki/Calgary_Flames" title="Calgary Flames">Calgary Flames</a>) and <a href="/wiki/Atlanta_Thrashers" title="Atlanta Thrashers">Atlanta Thrashers</a> (now <a href="/wiki/Winnipeg_Jets" title="Winnipeg Jets">Winnipeg Jets</a>), both of the <a href="/wiki/National_Hockey_League" title="National Hockey League">National Hockey League</a>. </p><p>Atlanta also plays host to two <a href="/wiki/NASCAR_Cup_Series" title="NASCAR Cup Series">NASCAR Cup Series</a> races each year at <a href="/wiki/Atlanta_Motor_Speedway" title="Atlanta Motor Speedway">Atlanta Motor Speedway</a>. </p><p>The Atlanta metropolitan area is also home to three <a href="/wiki/Division_I_(NCAA)" class="mw-redirect" title="Division I (NCAA)">NCAA Division I</a> programs, with the <a href="/wiki/Georgia_Tech_Yellow_Jackets" title="Georgia Tech Yellow Jackets">Georgia Tech Yellow Jackets</a> and <a href="/wiki/Georgia_State_Panthers" title="Georgia State Panthers">Georgia State Panthers</a> in Atlanta proper and the <a href="/wiki/Kennesaw_State_Owls" title="Kennesaw State Owls">Kennesaw State Owls</a> in <a href="/wiki/Kennesaw,_Georgia" title="Kennesaw, Georgia">Kennesaw</a>. Both Georgia Tech and Georgia State are members of the <a href="/wiki/NCAA_Division_I_Football_Bowl_Subdivision" title="NCAA Division I Football Bowl Subdivision">Football Bowl Subdivision</a> in the <a href="/wiki/Atlantic_Coast_Conference" title="Atlantic Coast Conference">Atlantic Coast Conference</a> and <a href="/wiki/Sun_Belt_Conference" title="Sun Belt Conference">Sun Belt Conference</a>, respectively, while Kennesaw State is a member of the <a href="/wiki/ASUN_Conference" class="mw-redirect" title="ASUN Conference">ASUN Conference</a> in the <a href="/wiki/NCAA_Division_I_Football_Championship_Subdivision" title="NCAA Division I Football Championship Subdivision">Football Championship Subdivision</a>; however, Kennesaw State accepted an invitation to move up to the FBS level from <a href="/wiki/Conference_USA" title="Conference USA">Conference USA</a> starting in 2024. </p> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1216972533"><div> <table class="col-begin" role="presentation"> <tbody><tr> <td class="col-break"> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Performing_arts_venues">Performing arts venues</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Metro_Atlanta&action=edit&section=35" title="Edit section: Performing arts venues"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Atlanta_Symphony_Hall" title="Atlanta Symphony Hall">Atlanta Symphony Hall</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alliance_Theatre" title="Alliance Theatre">Alliance Theater</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cobb_Energy_Performing_Arts_Centre" title="Cobb Energy Performing Arts Centre">Cobb Energy Centre</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fox_Theatre_(Atlanta)" title="Fox Theatre (Atlanta)">Fox Theatre</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Infinite_Energy_Arena" class="mw-redirect" title="Infinite Energy Arena">Infinite Energy Arena</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sandy_Springs_Performing_Arts_Center&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Sandy Springs Performing Arts Center (page does not exist)">Sandy Springs Performing Arts Center</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spivey_Hall" title="Spivey Hall">Spivey Hall</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Museums">Museums</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Metro_Atlanta&action=edit&section=36" title="Edit section: Museums"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/List_of_museums_in_Atlanta" title="List of museums in Atlanta">List of museums in Atlanta</a></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Center_for_Puppetry_Arts" title="Center for Puppetry Arts">Center for Puppetry Arts</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Children%27s_Museum_of_Atlanta" title="Children's Museum of Atlanta">Children's Museum of Atlanta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Delta_Flight_Museum" title="Delta Flight Museum">Delta Flight Museum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fernbank_Museum_of_Natural_History" title="Fernbank Museum of Natural History">Fernbank Museum of Natural History</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fernbank_Science_Center" title="Fernbank Science Center">Fernbank Science Center</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/High_Museum_of_Art" title="High Museum of Art">High Museum of Art</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jimmy_Carter_Library_and_Museum" title="Jimmy Carter Library and Museum">Jimmy Carter Library and Museum</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Amusement">Amusement</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Metro_Atlanta&action=edit&section=37" title="Edit section: Amusement"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/College_Football_Hall_of_Fame" title="College Football Hall of Fame">College Football Hall of Fame</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Georgia_Aquarium" title="Georgia Aquarium">Georgia Aquarium</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Medieval_Times_Dinner_%26_Tournament" class="mw-redirect" title="Medieval Times Dinner & Tournament">Medieval Times Dinner & Tournament</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Center_for_Civil_and_Human_Rights" title="National Center for Civil and Human Rights">National Center for Civil and Human Rights</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Six_Flags_Over_Georgia" title="Six Flags Over Georgia">Six Flags Over Georgia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Six_Flags_White_Water" title="Six Flags White Water">Six Flags White Water</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/World_of_Coca-Cola" title="World of Coca-Cola">World of Coca-Cola</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zoo_Atlanta" title="Zoo Atlanta">Zoo Atlanta</a></li></ul> </td> <td class="col-break"> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Parks">Parks</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Metro_Atlanta&action=edit&section=38" title="Edit section: Parks"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Atlanta_Botanical_Garden" title="Atlanta Botanical Garden">Atlanta Botanical Garden</a></li> <li>The <a href="/wiki/BeltLine" class="mw-redirect" title="BeltLine">Beltline</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Centennial_Olympic_Park" title="Centennial Olympic Park">Centennial Olympic Park</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chastain_Park" title="Chastain Park">Chastain Park</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chattahoochee_River_National_Recreation_Area" title="Chattahoochee River National Recreation Area">Chattahoochee River National Recreation Area</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Clayton_County_International_Park/The_Beach&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Clayton County International Park/The Beach (page does not exist)">Clayton County International Park/The Beach</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Freedom_Parkway" class="mw-redirect" title="Freedom Parkway">Freedom Park</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Grant_Park,_Atlanta" title="Grant Park, Atlanta">Grant Park</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Historic_Fourth_Ward_Park" title="Historic Fourth Ward Park">Historic Fourth Ward Park</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kennesaw_Mountain_National_Battlefield_Park" title="Kennesaw Mountain National Battlefield Park">Kennesaw Mountain National Battlefield Park</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Piedmont_Park" title="Piedmont Park">Piedmont Park</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stone_Mountain" title="Stone Mountain">Stone Mountain</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Woodruff_Park" title="Woodruff Park">Woodruff Park</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Festivals">Festivals</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Metro_Atlanta&action=edit&section=39" title="Edit section: Festivals"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Further information: <a href="/wiki/Festivals_in_Atlanta" title="Festivals in Atlanta">Festivals in Atlanta</a></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Music_Midtown" title="Music Midtown">Music Midtown</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Other">Other</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Metro_Atlanta&action=edit&section=40" title="Edit section: Other"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/CNN_Center" title="CNN Center">CNN Center</a></li></ul> <p>  </p> </td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Military_presence">Military presence</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Metro_Atlanta&action=edit&section=41" title="Edit section: Military presence"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Dobbins_Air_Reserve_Base" title="Dobbins Air Reserve Base">Dobbins Air Reserve Base</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fort_Gillem" title="Fort Gillem">Fort Gillem</a>, closed</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fort_McPherson" title="Fort McPherson">Fort McPherson</a>, closed</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Transportation">Transportation</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Metro_Atlanta&action=edit&section=42" title="Edit section: Transportation"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The U.S. Census Bureau has defined a metropolitan area for Atlanta which includes, but is not limited to, <a href="/wiki/Roswell,_Georgia" title="Roswell, Georgia">Roswell, Georgia</a> and <a href="/wiki/Sandy_Springs,_Georgia" title="Sandy Springs, Georgia">Sandy Springs, Georgia</a>. According to the 2016 <a href="/wiki/American_Community_Survey" title="American Community Survey">American Community Survey</a>, about 78% of working metropolitan residents commuted by driving alone, 9% carpooled, 3% used public transportation, and 1% walked. Less than 1% of working residents commuted by bicycle, while about 2% of commuters travelled by all other means. About 7% of residents worked at home.<sup id="cite_ref-45" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-45"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>45<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Transit_systems">Transit systems</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Metro_Atlanta&action=edit&section=43" title="Edit section: Transit systems"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Marta_plan.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/32/Marta_plan.png/220px-Marta_plan.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="320" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/32/Marta_plan.png/330px-Marta_plan.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/3/32/Marta_plan.png 2x" data-file-width="395" data-file-height="575" /></a><figcaption>Map of the initial plan of the MARTA system from 1976</figcaption></figure> <p>Atlanta has always been a rail town, and the city once had an extensive <a href="/wiki/Streetcars_in_Atlanta" title="Streetcars in Atlanta">streetcar</a> system, which also provided <a href="/wiki/Interurban" title="Interurban">interurban</a> service as far out as Marietta, 15 miles (24 km) to the northwest.<sup id="cite_ref-46" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-46"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>46<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-47" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-47"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>47<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The streetcars were replaced by an extensive <a href="/wiki/Trolleybuses_in_Atlanta" title="Trolleybuses in Atlanta">trolleybus system</a>, supplemented by buses, in the 1940s and 1950–52, and then converted to all buses in the 1950s and 1960–62. However, building a modern rapid transit system proved a difficult and drawn-out process and, compared to the original plans for a regional system, has only partially been accomplished. </p><p><a href="/wiki/Metropolitan_Atlanta_Rapid_Transit_Authority" title="Metropolitan Atlanta Rapid Transit Authority">MARTA</a> operates buses and a <a href="/wiki/Subway_system" class="mw-redirect" title="Subway system">subway system</a> in the city of Atlanta, Fulton, Clayton and Dekalb counties, while <a href="/wiki/Cobb_Community_Transit" class="mw-redirect" title="Cobb Community Transit">Cobb</a> and <a href="/wiki/Gwinnett_County_Transit" class="mw-redirect" title="Gwinnett County Transit">Gwinnett</a> counties operate their own independent Suburban Transit Systems that feed into MARTA. This is a result of those counties' refusal to join the MARTA system (Gwinnett voted in March 2019 to reject MARTA again<sup id="cite_ref-48" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-48"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>48<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-49" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-49"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>49<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>), a situation which was originally closely related to <a href="/wiki/White_flight" title="White flight">white flight</a> from the city.<sup id="cite_ref-50" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-50"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>50<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It is the only US system in which the state does not provide any funds for operation or expansion, instead relying entirely on a 1% <a href="/wiki/Sales_tax" title="Sales tax">sales tax</a> in its three counties. Due to the passage of a 1% sales tax in Clayton County on November 4, 2014, MARTA replaced the defunct C-Tran system bringing buses and commuter rail to the county beginning March 2015, with full bus service in 2016. The <a href="/wiki/Atlanta_Streetcar" title="Atlanta Streetcar">Atlanta Streetcar</a>, a 2.7-mile (4.3 km) light rail loop, connects <a href="/wiki/Centennial_Olympic_Park" title="Centennial Olympic Park">Centennial Olympic Park</a> and MARTA heavy rail subway to the Sweet Auburn district and points in between. <a href="/wiki/GRTA_Xpress" title="GRTA Xpress">Xpress GA</a>, a suburban commuter bus service operated by the Georgia Regional Transportation Authority or GRTA, has over 32 routes running from the suburbs and exurbs to downtown Atlanta in 12 metropolitan counties. </p><p>Plans are underway for commuter rail and <a href="/wiki/Bus_rapid_transit" title="Bus rapid transit">bus rapid transit</a> (BRT), though these are some years away. The $20 billion <a href="/wiki/Northwest_Corridor_HOV/BRT" class="mw-redirect" title="Northwest Corridor HOV/BRT">Northwest Corridor HOV/BRT</a> project appears to conflict with other plans, such as the metro-wide <a href="/w/index.php?title=Concept_3&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Concept 3 (page does not exist)">Concept 3</a> approved by the <a href="/wiki/Transit_Planning_Board" title="Transit Planning Board">Transit Planning Board</a>, and the no-<a href="/wiki/Jersey_barrier" title="Jersey barrier">barrier</a> <a href="/wiki/High-occupancy_toll_lane" title="High-occupancy toll lane">HOT lanes</a> on I‑85 in Gwinnett. MARTA is also considering a BRT line of its own to the east. </p><p>The first <a href="/wiki/Commuter_rail" title="Commuter rail">commuter rail</a> line would run south of the city, eventually extended to <a href="/wiki/Lovejoy,_Georgia" title="Lovejoy, Georgia">Lovejoy</a> and possibly <a href="/wiki/Hampton,_Georgia" title="Hampton, Georgia">Hampton</a> near <a href="/wiki/Atlanta_Motor_Speedway" title="Atlanta Motor Speedway">Atlanta Motor Speedway</a>. The "<a href="/wiki/Brain_Train" class="mw-redirect" title="Brain Train">Brain Train</a>" would likely be the second route, connecting the <a href="/wiki/University_of_Georgia" title="University of Georgia">University of Georgia</a> in Athens to <a href="/wiki/Emory_University" title="Emory University">Emory University</a> and <a href="/wiki/Georgia_Tech" title="Georgia Tech">Georgia Tech</a> in Atlanta. </p><p>As planned, all commuter trains would arrive at the <a href="/wiki/Atlanta_Multimodal_Passenger_Terminal" class="mw-redirect" title="Atlanta Multimodal Passenger Terminal">Atlanta Multimodal Passenger Terminal</a> (MMPT), the long-delayed facility just across <a href="/wiki/Peachtree_Street" title="Peachtree Street">Peachtree Street</a> from the <a href="/wiki/Five_Points_(MARTA_station)" class="mw-redirect" title="Five Points (MARTA station)">Five Points MARTA station</a>, where all of its lines meet. Planning for the system and its extension as <a href="/wiki/Intercity_rail" class="mw-redirect" title="Intercity rail">intercity rail</a> across the state are the responsibility of the <a href="/wiki/Georgia_Rail_Passenger_Authority" class="mw-redirect" title="Georgia Rail Passenger Authority">Georgia Rail Passenger Authority</a>. </p><p>Another proposed plan that has received very strong <a href="/wiki/Grassroots" title="Grassroots">grassroots</a> support in recent years is the <a href="/wiki/BeltLine" class="mw-redirect" title="BeltLine">BeltLine</a>, a <a href="/wiki/Green_belt" title="Green belt">greenbelt</a> and transit system that takes advantage of existing and unused rail tracks to set up a 22-mile (35 km) <a href="/wiki/Light_rail" title="Light rail">light rail</a> or <a href="/wiki/Streetcar" class="mw-redirect" title="Streetcar">streetcar</a> circuit around the core of Atlanta, as well as establishing more <a href="/wiki/Open_space_reserve" title="Open space reserve">green space</a> and footpaths for pedestrians and bicyclists. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Commercial_railways">Commercial railways</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Metro_Atlanta&action=edit&section=44" title="Edit section: Commercial railways"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Before Atlanta was even a city, it was a <a href="/wiki/Railroad" class="mw-redirect" title="Railroad">railroad</a> <a href="/wiki/Transport_hub" title="Transport hub">hub</a>. From this came the joke, popular among other <a href="/w/index.php?title=SCulture_of_the_Southern_United_States&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="SCulture of the Southern United States (page does not exist)">Southerners</a>, that "regardless of whether one goes to <a href="/wiki/Heaven" title="Heaven">heaven</a> or <a href="/wiki/Hell" title="Hell">hell</a>, everyone must go through Atlanta first". Many of its suburbs pre-date it as depots or <a href="/wiki/Train_station" title="Train station">train stations</a> along the major lines in and out of town. </p><p>Many of these <a href="/wiki/Historic" class="mw-redirect" title="Historic">historic</a> stations, including Atlanta's <a href="/wiki/Atlanta_Union_Station_(1930)" title="Atlanta Union Station (1930)">Union Station</a> and <a href="/wiki/Terminal_Station_(Atlanta)" title="Terminal Station (Atlanta)">Terminal Station</a>, were <a href="/wiki/Demolition" title="Demolition">demolished</a> like many county <a href="/wiki/Courthouse" title="Courthouse">courthouses</a> and other historic buildings. Many have been saved however, including the <a href="/wiki/L%26N" class="mw-redirect" title="L&N">L&N</a> station in Woodstock, and the stations along the main <a href="/wiki/W%26A" class="mw-redirect" title="W&A">W&A</a> line in Marietta and Smyrna. </p><p>Through <a href="/wiki/Merger" class="mw-redirect" title="Merger">mergers</a>, the main railroads in the area are now <a href="/wiki/Norfolk_Southern" class="mw-redirect" title="Norfolk Southern">Norfolk Southern</a> and <a href="/wiki/CSX" class="mw-redirect" title="CSX">CSX</a>. The <a href="/wiki/Georgia_Northeastern_Railroad" title="Georgia Northeastern Railroad">Georgia Northeastern Railroad</a> is a <a href="/wiki/Short-line_railroad" class="mw-redirect" title="Short-line railroad">short line</a> that also services part of the area. There are also several <a href="/w/index.php?title=Railyards_of_Atlanta&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Railyards of Atlanta (page does not exist)">railyards of Atlanta</a> and vicinity, as well as the <a href="/wiki/Southeastern_Railway_Museum" title="Southeastern Railway Museum">Southeastern Railway Museum</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Southern_Museum_of_Civil_War_and_Locomotive_History" title="Southern Museum of Civil War and Locomotive History">Southern Museum of Civil War and Locomotive History</a>. </p><p>The National Railroad Passenger Corporation, more commonly known as <a href="/wiki/Amtrak" title="Amtrak">Amtrak</a>, runs the <a href="/wiki/Intercity_rail" class="mw-redirect" title="Intercity rail">intercity rail</a> line <a href="/wiki/Crescent_(Amtrak)" class="mw-redirect" title="Crescent (Amtrak)">Crescent</a> through metro Atlanta twice daily, with one train heading towards <a href="/wiki/New_Orleans" title="New Orleans">New Orleans</a> and the other headed towards <a href="/wiki/New_York_(city)" class="mw-redirect" title="New York (city)">New York</a>. All trains make a scheduled stop at <a href="/wiki/Peachtree_Station" class="mw-redirect" title="Peachtree Station">Peachtree Station</a> in northern Midtown Atlanta, but it is also possible for arrange for trains to stop in <a href="/wiki/Gainesville,_Georgia" title="Gainesville, Georgia">Gainesville</a>, Georgia as well. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Air">Air</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Metro_Atlanta&action=edit&section=45" title="Edit section: Air"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><a href="/wiki/Hartsfield-Jackson_Atlanta_International_Airport" class="mw-redirect" title="Hartsfield-Jackson Atlanta International Airport">Hartsfield-Jackson Atlanta International Airport</a> is the world's busiest airport and is the only <a href="/wiki/International_airport" title="International airport">international airport</a> for the region (and only major international airport for the state). </p> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1216972533"><div> <table class="col-begin" role="presentation"> <tbody><tr> <td class="col-break"> <p>Domestic-only carriers from Atlanta: </p> <ul><li>Alaska Airlines</li> <li>American Airlines</li> <li>Avelo Airlines</li> <li>JetBlue Airways</li> <li>Spirit Airlines</li> <li>Southern Airways Express</li> <li>Sun Country Airlines</li> <li>United Airlines</li></ul> <p>Domestic and international from Atlanta: </p> <ul><li>Delta Air Lines</li> <li>Frontier Airlines</li> <li>Southwest Airlines</li></ul> <p><br /> </p> </td> <td class="col-break"> <p>Foreign-based international carriers: </p> <ul><li>Aeromexico (Joint venture with Delta Air Lines)</li> <li>Air Canada</li> <li>Air France (Joint venture with Delta Air Lines)</li> <li>British Airways</li> <li>Copa Airlines</li> <li>Ethiopian Airlines</li> <li>KLM Royal Dutch Airlines (Joint venture with Delta Air Lines)</li> <li>Korean Air (Joint venture with Delta Air Lines)</li> <li>Lufthansa German Airlines</li> <li>LATAM Airlines (Joint venture with Delta Air Lines)</li> <li>Qatar Airways</li> <li>Scandinavian Airlines</li> <li>Turkish Airlines</li> <li>Virgin Atlantic (Joint venture with Delta Air Lines)</li> <li>WestJet (Joint venture with Delta Air Lines) </li></ul> </td></tr></tbody></table></div> <p>Other airports (maintained by local counties) include <a href="/wiki/Charlie_Brown_Field" class="mw-redirect" title="Charlie Brown Field">Charlie Brown Field</a> (Fulton), <a href="/wiki/McCollum_Field" class="mw-redirect" title="McCollum Field">McCollum Field</a> (Cobb), <a href="/wiki/Cartersville_Airport" title="Cartersville Airport">Cartersville Airport</a> (Bartow), <a href="/wiki/DeKalb_Peachtree_Airport" class="mw-redirect" title="DeKalb Peachtree Airport">DeKalb Peachtree Airport</a> (DeKalb), <a href="/wiki/Briscoe_Field" class="mw-redirect" title="Briscoe Field">Briscoe Field</a> (Gwinnett), <a href="/wiki/Coweta_County_Airport" class="mw-redirect" title="Coweta County Airport">Coweta County Airport</a> (Coweta), <a href="/wiki/Cherokee_County_Airport_(Georgia)" class="mw-redirect" title="Cherokee County Airport (Georgia)">Cherokee County Airport</a> (Cherokee), <a href="/wiki/Clayton_County_Airport_-_Tara_Field" class="mw-redirect" title="Clayton County Airport - Tara Field">Atlanta Speedway Airport</a> (Henry), and <a href="/wiki/Paulding_County_Airport" class="mw-redirect" title="Paulding County Airport">Paulding County Airport</a> (Paulding). Former local airports were <a href="/wiki/Stone_Mountain_Airport" title="Stone Mountain Airport">Stone Mountain Airport</a> and <a href="/w/index.php?title=Parkaire_Field&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Parkaire Field (page does not exist)">Parkaire Field</a>, among others. </p><p><a href="/wiki/DeKalb_Peachtree_Airport" class="mw-redirect" title="DeKalb Peachtree Airport">DeKalb Peachtree Airport</a> is the primary business jet airport. This is due to its proximity to Downtown, Midtown, Buckhead, and the Perimeter office areas. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Roads_and_freeways">Roads and freeways</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Metro_Atlanta&action=edit&section=46" title="Edit section: Roads and freeways"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1251242444"><table class="box-Unreferenced_section plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-content ambox-Unreferenced" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><div class="mbox-image-div"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Question_book-new.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/50px-Question_book-new.svg.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="39" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/75px-Question_book-new.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/100px-Question_book-new.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="399" /></a></span></div></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span">This section <b>does not <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citing_sources" title="Wikipedia:Citing sources">cite</a> any <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability" title="Wikipedia:Verifiability">sources</a></b>.<span class="hide-when-compact"> Please help <a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Metro_Atlanta" title="Special:EditPage/Metro Atlanta">improve this section</a> by <a href="/wiki/Help:Referencing_for_beginners" title="Help:Referencing for beginners">adding citations to reliable sources</a>. Unsourced material may be challenged and <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability#Burden_of_evidence" title="Wikipedia:Verifiability">removed</a>.</span> <span class="date-container"><i>(<span class="date">May 2018</span>)</i></span><span class="hide-when-compact"><i> (<small><a href="/wiki/Help:Maintenance_template_removal" title="Help:Maintenance template removal">Learn how and when to remove this message</a></small>)</i></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <p>Atlanta is served by three major interstate highways. Including tributaries, they are the following: </p><p>(Note: The cities used below are also the <a href="/wiki/Control_cities" class="mw-redirect" title="Control cities">control cities</a> used for the Metro Atlanta Bypass/I-285 signs entering from the suburbs.) </p><p><a href="/wiki/Interstate_75_in_Georgia" title="Interstate 75 in Georgia">Interstate 75</a> passes through from Macon to the south, and from <a href="/wiki/Chattanooga" class="mw-redirect" title="Chattanooga">Chattanooga</a> to the north. <a href="/wiki/Interstate_575" title="Interstate 575">Interstate 575</a> is a spur which merges with I‑75 near Kennesaw. I‑575 serves northeast portions of Cobb County and a large portion of Cherokee County. It ends in Ball Ground. <a href="/wiki/Interstate_675_(Georgia)" title="Interstate 675 (Georgia)">Interstate 675</a> is a route which connects I‑75 in Henry County to I‑285 in southern Dekalb County. Most of the corridor is within Clayton County. </p><p><a href="/wiki/Interstate_85_in_Georgia" title="Interstate 85 in Georgia">Interstate 85</a> passes through from Montgomery on the southwest and from Greenville on the northeast. I-75 merges with I-85 to form the <a href="/wiki/Downtown_Connector" title="Downtown Connector">Downtown Connector</a> from the Brookwood Interchange, just north of Midtown Atlanta, to just south of the <a href="/wiki/Lakewood_Freeway" class="mw-redirect" title="Lakewood Freeway">Lakewood Freeway</a> in south Atlanta. <a href="/wiki/Interstate_185_(Georgia)" title="Interstate 185 (Georgia)">Interstate 185</a> is a spur which merges with I‑85 in LaGrange and stretches southward to Columbus. <a href="/wiki/Interstate_985" title="Interstate 985">Interstate 985</a> is a spur which merges with I‑85 in Suwanee and serves the northern suburbs of Gwinnett and Hall Counties. It terminates just northeast of Gainesville. </p><p><a href="/wiki/Interstate_285_(Georgia)" title="Interstate 285 (Georgia)">Interstate 285</a> is the <a href="/wiki/Beltway" class="mw-redirect" title="Beltway">beltway</a> which encircles the city and its immediate eastern suburbs. It is commonly known as the Perimeter. I‑285 passes through Clayton, Cobb, Fulton, and DeKalb Counties. </p><p><a href="/wiki/Interstate_20_in_Georgia" title="Interstate 20 in Georgia">Interstate 20</a> passes through from Birmingham to the west and from Augusta to the east. It serves Douglasville, the major suburb west of Atlanta. It serves Lithonia and Conyers to the east. </p><p>Atlanta is also served by several other freeways, in addition to the interstate highways, including: </p><p><a href="/wiki/Georgia_400" class="mw-redirect" title="Georgia 400">Georgia 400</a> is the main corridor serving the north-central suburbs, and was the only toll road in the metropolitan Atlanta area. As of November 23, 2013, the tolls ended and the toll plazas were demolished. It reaches into the northern portion of Fulton County and gradually turns northeast before entering Forsyth County. The controlled-access portion terminates just northeast of the city of Cumming. To the south, it terminates and merges into southbound I‑85 just south of the Buckhead <a href="/wiki/Business_district" class="mw-redirect" title="Business district">business district</a>. Cumming/<a href="/wiki/Dahlonega" class="mw-redirect" title="Dahlonega">Dahlonega</a> is used on I‑285 as the northbound sign, and Atlanta/Buckhead as the southbound. From I‑85 northbound, it uses Buckhead/Cumming. </p><p><a href="/wiki/Stone_Mountain_Freeway" title="Stone Mountain Freeway">Stone Mountain Freeway</a>, or <a href="/wiki/U.S._78" class="mw-redirect" title="U.S. 78">U.S. 78</a>, is an 8‑mile corridor east of Downtown Atlanta and the neighboring suburb of Decatur. It serves northeast portions of Dekalb County, including the city of Stone Mountain. It continues east as a divided highway into south Gwinnett County, including the suburb of Snellville. U.S. 78 also stretches east to Athens. </p><p>Lakewood Freeway, or <a href="/wiki/Georgia_State_Route_166" title="Georgia State Route 166">Georgia 166</a>, extends between Lakewood Park in south Atlanta and Campbellton Road, just west of I‑285. </p><p>Peachtree Industrial Blvd, or <a href="/wiki/Georgia_State_Route_141" title="Georgia State Route 141">Georgia 141</a>, is a route north-northeast of Atlanta which begins on the north side of I‑285 and runs parallel to I‑85 for about four miles until it terminates when it splits into GA‑141 and Peachtree Industrial (continuing as a normal divided highway). </p><p><a href="/wiki/Georgia_State_Route_316" title="Georgia State Route 316">Georgia State Route 316</a> is a four-mile-long route that branches from I‑85 and stretches eastward into Gwinnett County. It continues east as a normal divided highway through the suburb of Lawrenceville and on to Athens. </p><p>There are many historic roads across the area, named after <a href="/wiki/Historic_mills_of_the_Atlanta_area" title="Historic mills of the Atlanta area">its mills</a> and <a href="/wiki/Historic_ferries_of_the_Atlanta_area" title="Historic ferries of the Atlanta area">early ferries</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Historic_bridges_of_the_Atlanta_area" title="Historic bridges of the Atlanta area">the bridges</a> later built to replace the ferries. <a href="/wiki/Pace%27s_Ferry" title="Pace's Ferry">Pace's Ferry</a> is perhaps the best known. </p><p>Owing to the area's long history of settlement and uneven terrain, most <a href="/wiki/Arterial_road" title="Arterial road">arterial roads</a> are not straight but meander instead, which can be confusing as much as the famed proliferation of Atlanta streets with "Peachtree" in the name. It is also often joked that half the streets are named Peachtree, while the other half have several names to make up for it. </p><p>Partly, confusion is because the region maintains the historic nomenclature of each county naming its roads for the towns they connect with in surrounding counties. Thus, from Dallas to Roswell, <a href="/wiki/Georgia_State_Route_120" title="Georgia State Route 120">Georgia 120</a> is Marietta Highway to the Paulding/Cobb county line, is Dallas Highway to the city of Marietta, Whitlock Avenue to the <a href="/wiki/Town_square" title="Town square">town square</a>, South Park Square for just one <a href="/wiki/City_block" title="City block">city block</a>, Roswell Street to <a href="/wiki/Cobb_Parkway" class="mw-redirect" title="Cobb Parkway">Cobb Parkway</a> (at the <a href="/wiki/Big_Chicken" title="Big Chicken">Big Chicken</a>), Roswell Road to the Cobb/Fulton county line, and finally Marietta Street to the town square in Roswell. Further confusion is from the arbitrary location of state routes by the <a href="/wiki/Georgia_Department_of_Transportation" title="Georgia Department of Transportation">Georgia Department of Transportation</a> (GDOT), so that they travel an erratic path requiring several turns by drivers instead of traveling the original straight route; and the renaming of roads by state legislators to honor their friends. </p><p>There are many roads like this throughout the area, leading to duplication of names in different counties. In Fulton, "Roswell Road" refers to <a href="/wiki/Georgia_9" class="mw-redirect" title="Georgia 9">Georgia 9</a> through northern Atlanta and across Sandy Springs, in addition to the above-mentioned use in Cobb, for example. Numeric <a href="/wiki/Street_address" class="mw-redirect" title="Street address">street addressing</a> is done by county as well, with the origin usually being at one corner of the town square in the county seat. The <a href="/wiki/U.S._Postal_Service" class="mw-redirect" title="U.S. Postal Service">U.S. Postal Service</a> ignores these actual and logical boundaries however, overlapping <a href="/wiki/ZIP_code" class="mw-redirect" title="ZIP code">ZIP codes</a> and their associated place names across counties. The Cumberland/Galleria area has Cobb's numbers and an "SE" suffix, but is called "Atlanta" by the USPS (despite being <a href="/wiki/Vinings,_Georgia" title="Vinings, Georgia">Vinings</a>, which the USPS ironically calls "unacceptable"), which can confuse visitors to think it is far away in southeast Atlanta. </p><p>Where more than one town in the same county has a road to the same place, the smaller towns have their own name prefixed to it, while the <a href="/wiki/County_seat" title="County seat">county seat</a> does not. The road need not go directly to the other place, but may connect through other roads. Examples include Due West Road west from Marietta, Kennesaw Due West Road southwest from Kennesaw, and Acworth Due West Road south from Acworth. Some are usually <a href="/wiki/Hyphen" title="Hyphen">hyphenated</a>, like Peachtree-Dunwoody Road, Ashford-Dunwoody Road, Chamblee-Dunwoody Road, and Chamblee-Tucker Road. </p><p>There are also several roads named for communities which have been overwhelmed by the urban and suburban sprawl, and so are somewhat odd to newcomers. These include <a href="/w/index.php?title=Sandy_Plains,_Georgia&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Sandy Plains, Georgia (page does not exist)">Sandy Plains</a>, <a href="/wiki/Crabapple,_Georgia" title="Crabapple, Georgia">Crabapple</a>, <a href="/wiki/Toonigh,_Georgia" class="mw-redirect" title="Toonigh, Georgia">Toonigh</a>, <a href="/wiki/Luxomni,_Georgia" title="Luxomni, Georgia">Luxomni</a>, and <a href="/w/index.php?title=Due_West,_Georgia&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Due West, Georgia (page does not exist)">Due West</a>. Some of these communities are in the middle of the road, while some are at or very near one end. Some areas are renamed, either over time (Sandy Plains gradually became "Sprayberry" when <a href="/wiki/Sprayberry_High_School" title="Sprayberry High School">Sprayberry High School</a> moved there and similarly named shopping centers popped up around it); by the USPS (Toonigh is identified as "Lebanon"), or after rapid development. In such cases, the roads usually maintain their historic names even if the neighborhoods do not. </p><p>There are also a few <a href="/wiki/U.S._highway" class="mw-redirect" title="U.S. highway">U.S. highways</a> that cross the area, including <a href="/wiki/U.S._Route_19_in_Georgia" title="U.S. Route 19 in Georgia">19</a>, <a href="/wiki/U.S._Route_23_in_Georgia" title="U.S. Route 23 in Georgia">23</a>, <a href="/wiki/U.S._Route_29_in_Georgia" title="U.S. Route 29 in Georgia">29</a>, <a href="/wiki/U.S._Route_41_in_Georgia" title="U.S. Route 41 in Georgia">41</a>, and <a href="/wiki/U.S._Route_78_in_Georgia" title="U.S. Route 78 in Georgia">78</a>. </p><p>Other arterials are completely new, like much of <a href="/wiki/Barrett_Parkway" class="mw-redirect" title="Barrett Parkway">Barrett Parkway</a>, <a href="/wiki/Sugarloaf_Parkway" title="Sugarloaf Parkway">Sugarloaf Parkway</a> and <a href="/wiki/South_Fulton_Parkway" class="mw-redirect" title="South Fulton Parkway">South Fulton Parkway</a>, constructed by their counties but partly covered with a state route number. Occasionally, roads are realigned or extended to meet each other directly at a cross-road, leading to odd curves and name changes. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Metro_Atlanta&action=edit&section=47" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/North_Georgia" title="North Georgia">North Georgia</a></li></ul> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1130092004">.mw-parser-output .portal-bar{font-size:88%;font-weight:bold;display:flex;justify-content:center;align-items:baseline}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-bordered{padding:0 2em;background-color:#fdfdfd;border:1px solid #a2a9b1;clear:both;margin:1em auto 0}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-related{font-size:100%;justify-content:flex-start}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-unbordered{padding:0 1.7em;margin-left:0}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-header{margin:0 1em 0 0.5em;flex:0 0 auto;min-height:24px}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-content{display:flex;flex-flow:row wrap;flex:0 1 auto;padding:0.15em 0;column-gap:1em;align-items:baseline;margin:0;list-style:none}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-content-related{margin:0;list-style:none}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-item{display:inline-block;margin:0.15em 0.2em;min-height:24px;line-height:24px}@media screen and (max-width:768px){.mw-parser-output .portal-bar{font-size:88%;font-weight:bold;display:flex;flex-flow:column wrap;align-items:baseline}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-header{text-align:center;flex:0;padding-left:0.5em;margin:0 auto}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-related{font-size:100%;align-items:flex-start}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-content{display:flex;flex-flow:row wrap;align-items:center;flex:0;column-gap:1em;border-top:1px solid #a2a9b1;margin:0 auto;list-style:none}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-content-related{border-top:none;margin:0;list-style:none}}.mw-parser-output .navbox+link+.portal-bar,.mw-parser-output .navbox+style+.portal-bar,.mw-parser-output .navbox+link+.portal-bar-bordered,.mw-parser-output .navbox+style+.portal-bar-bordered,.mw-parser-output .sister-bar+link+.portal-bar,.mw-parser-output .sister-bar+style+.portal-bar,.mw-parser-output .portal-bar+.navbox-styles+.navbox,.mw-parser-output .portal-bar+.navbox-styles+.sister-bar{margin-top:-1px}</style><div class="portal-bar noprint metadata noviewer portal-bar-bordered" role="navigation" aria-label="Portals"><span class="portal-bar-header"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Contents/Portals" title="Wikipedia:Contents/Portals">Portals</a>:</span><ul class="portal-bar-content"><li class="portal-bar-item"><span class="nowrap"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="flag" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/08/Flag_of_the_State_of_Georgia.svg/21px-Flag_of_the_State_of_Georgia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="21" height="13" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/08/Flag_of_the_State_of_Georgia.svg/32px-Flag_of_the_State_of_Georgia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/08/Flag_of_the_State_of_Georgia.svg/42px-Flag_of_the_State_of_Georgia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="960" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Portal:Georgia_(U.S._state)" title="Portal:Georgia (U.S. state)">Georgia (U.S. state)</a></li><li class="portal-bar-item"><span class="nowrap"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="flag" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/21px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png" decoding="async" width="21" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/32px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/42px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1235" data-file-height="650" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Portal:United_States" title="Portal:United States">United States</a></li></ul></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Metro_Atlanta&action=edit&section=48" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-CensusMetro-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-CensusMetro_1-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="https://www.census.gov/popest/metro/CBSA-est2008-annual.html&#124">https://www.census.gov/popest/metro/CBSA-est2008-annual.html&#124</a> <sup class="noprint Inline-Template"><span style="white-space: nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Link_rot" title="Wikipedia:Link rot"><span title=" Dead link tagged June 2016">dead link</span></a></i><span style="visibility:hidden; color:transparent; padding-left:2px">‍</span>]</span></sup></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-urban_area-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-urban_area_2-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.census.gov/programs-surveys/geography/guidance/geo-areas/urban-rural.html">"List of 2020 Census Urban Areas"</a>. <i>census.gov</i>. United States Census Bureau<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">January 8,</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=census.gov&rft.atitle=List+of+2020+Census+Urban+Areas&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.census.gov%2Fprograms-surveys%2Fgeography%2Fguidance%2Fgeo-areas%2Furban-rural.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMetro+Atlanta" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-cbsa-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-cbsa_3-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-cbsa_3-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.census.gov/data/tables/time-series/demo/popest/2020s-total-metro-and-micro-statistical-areas.html#v2023">"Metropolitan and Micropolitan Statistical Areas Population Totals: 2020-2023"</a>. United States Census Bureau. March 14, 2024<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">March 15,</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Metropolitan+and+Micropolitan+Statistical+Areas+Population+Totals%3A+2020-2023&rft.pub=United+States+Census+Bureau&rft.date=2024-03-14&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.census.gov%2Fdata%2Ftables%2Ftime-series%2Fdemo%2Fpopest%2F2020s-total-metro-and-micro-statistical-areas.html%23v2023&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMetro+Atlanta" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://fred.stlouisfed.org/series/NGMP12060">"Total Gross Domestic Product for Atlanta-Sandy Springs-Roswell, GA (MSA)"</a>. <i>fred.stlouisfed.org</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=fred.stlouisfed.org&rft.atitle=Total+Gross+Domestic+Product+for+Atlanta-Sandy+Springs-Roswell%2C+GA+%28MSA%29&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Ffred.stlouisfed.org%2Fseries%2FNGMP12060&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMetro+Atlanta" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.census.gov/programs-surveys/decennial-census.html">"Decennial Census of Population and Housing"</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20141003185009/https://www.census.gov/programs-surveys/decennial-census.html">Archived</a> from the original on 2014-10-03<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2020-04-12</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Decennial+Census+of+Population+and+Housing&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.census.gov%2Fprograms-surveys%2Fdecennial-census.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMetro+Atlanta" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www2.census.gov/programs-surveys/popest/datasets/2020-2021/metro/totals/">"Index of /Programs-surveys/Popest/Datasets/2020-2021/Metro/Totals"</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220526142207/https://www2.census.gov/programs-surveys/popest/datasets/2020-2021/metro/totals/">Archived</a> from the original on 2022-05-26<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2022-03-24</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Index+of+%2FPrograms-surveys%2FPopest%2FDatasets%2F2020-2021%2FMetro%2FTotals&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww2.census.gov%2Fprograms-surveys%2Fpopest%2Fdatasets%2F2020-2021%2Fmetro%2Ftotals%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMetro+Atlanta" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-MACOC-growth-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-MACOC-growth_7-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-MACOC-growth_7-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20070927062537/http://www.metroatlantachamber.com/macoc/business/img/MSAGrowthStatsReport2006.pdf">"Atlanta MSA Growth Statistics"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <a href="/wiki/Metro_Atlanta_Chamber_of_Commerce" title="Metro Atlanta Chamber of Commerce">Metro Atlanta Chamber of Commerce</a>. May 2006. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.metroatlantachamber.com/macoc/business/img/MSAGrowthStatsReport2006.pdf">the original</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> on 2007-09-27<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2007-09-28</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Atlanta+MSA+Growth+Statistics&rft.pub=Metro+Atlanta+Chamber+of+Commerce&rft.date=2006-05&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.metroatlantachamber.com%2Fmacoc%2Fbusiness%2Fimg%2FMSAGrowthStatsReport2006.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMetro+Atlanta" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-8">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20030506132933/http://www.census.gov/geo/www/GARM/Ch4GARM.pdf">"States, Counties, and Statistically Equivalent Entities"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <i>Geographic Areas Reference Manual</i>. U.S. Department of Commerce. November 1994. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.census.gov/geo/www/GARM/Ch4GARM.pdf">the original</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> on 2003-05-06<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2007-09-28</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Geographic+Areas+Reference+Manual&rft.atitle=States%2C+Counties%2C+and+Statistically+Equivalent+Entities&rft.date=1994-11&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.census.gov%2Fgeo%2Fwww%2FGARM%2FCh4GARM.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMetro+Atlanta" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-9">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.brookings.edu/es/urban/livingcities/atlanta.htm">"Atlanta in Focus: A Profile from Census 2000"</a>. The Brookings Institution. November 2003. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20070927003211/http://www.brookings.edu/es/urban/livingcities/atlanta.htm">Archived</a> from the original on 27 September 2007<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2007-09-28</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Atlanta+in+Focus%3A+A+Profile+from+Census+2000&rft.pub=The+Brookings+Institution&rft.date=2003-11&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.brookings.edu%2Fes%2Furban%2Flivingcities%2Fatlanta.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMetro+Atlanta" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-10">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSegal2005" class="citation web cs1">Segal, Geoffrey (2005-12-02). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20070930190414/http://www.reason.org/commentaries/segal_20051202.shtml">"The Real Sandy Springs Effect"</a>. <i>Reason</i>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.reason.org/commentaries/segal_20051202.shtml">the original</a> on 2007-09-30<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2007-09-28</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Reason&rft.atitle=The+Real+Sandy+Springs+Effect&rft.date=2005-12-02&rft.aulast=Segal&rft.aufirst=Geoffrey&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.reason.org%2Fcommentaries%2Fsegal_20051202.shtml&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMetro+Atlanta" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-11">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20071201013031/http://www.legis.ga.gov/legis/2005_06/search/hb1470.htm">"HB 1470 – Milton, City of; provide charter"</a>. Georgia General Assembly. 2006-10-11. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2007-06-26</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=HB+1470+%E2%80%93+Milton%2C+City+of%3B+provide+charter&rft.pub=Georgia+General+Assembly&rft.date=2006-10-11&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.legis.ga.gov%2Flegis%2F2005_06%2Fsearch%2Fhb1470.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMetro+Atlanta" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-12">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20071120044348/http://www.legis.state.ga.us/legis/2005_06/sum/hb1321.htm">"HB 1321 – Johns Creek, City of; incorporate"</a>. Georgia General Assembly. 2006-10-11. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.legis.state.ga.us/legis/2005_06/sum/hb1321.htm">the original</a> on 2007-11-20<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2007-06-26</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=HB+1321+%E2%80%93+Johns+Creek%2C+City+of%3B+incorporate&rft.pub=Georgia+General+Assembly&rft.date=2006-10-11&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.legis.state.ga.us%2Flegis%2F2005_06%2Fsum%2Fhb1321.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMetro+Atlanta" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-OMB_23-01-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-OMB_23-01_13-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.whitehouse.gov/wp-content/uploads/2023/07/OMB-Bulletin-23-01.pdf">"OMB Bulletin No. 23-01, Revised Delineations of Metropolitan Statistical Areas, Micropolitan Statistical Areas, and Combined Statistical Areas, and Guidance on Uses of Delineations of These Areas"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <a href="/wiki/United_States" title="United States">United States</a> <a href="/wiki/Office_of_Management_and_Budget" title="Office of Management and Budget">Office of Management and Budget</a>. July 21, 2023<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">July 25,</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=OMB+Bulletin+No.+23-01%2C+Revised+Delineations+of+Metropolitan+Statistical+Areas%2C+Micropolitan+Statistical+Areas%2C+and+Combined+Statistical+Areas%2C+and+Guidance+on+Uses+of+Delineations+of+These+Areas&rft.pub=United+States+Office+of+Management+and+Budget&rft.date=2023-07-21&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.whitehouse.gov%2Fwp-content%2Fuploads%2F2023%2F07%2FOMB-Bulletin-23-01.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMetro+Atlanta" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-14">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://eastcobbnews.com/tag/east-cobb-population/">"East Cobb population Archives"</a>. <i>East Cobb News</i>. 29 August 2019. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220407041135/http://eastcobbnews.com/tag/east-cobb-population/">Archived</a> from the original on 2022-04-07<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2020-10-04</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=East+Cobb+News&rft.atitle=East+Cobb+population+Archives&rft.date=2019-08-29&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Feastcobbnews.com%2Ftag%2Feast-cobb-population%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMetro+Atlanta" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-15">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20090710210834/http://www.census.gov/popest/cities/files/SUB-EST2008-ALL.csv">"2009 Incorporated place and minor civil division population dataset"</a>. United States Government. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.census.gov/popest/cities/files/SUB-EST2008-ALL.csv">the original</a> on 2009-07-10<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2010-01-03</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=2009+Incorporated+place+and+minor+civil+division+population+dataset&rft.pub=United+States+Government&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.census.gov%2Fpopest%2Fcities%2Ffiles%2FSUB-EST2008-ALL.csv&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMetro+Atlanta" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-16">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBureau" class="citation web cs1">Bureau, US Census. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.census.gov/library/stories/2024/03/florida-and-fast-growing-metros.html">"Sunshine State Home to Metro Areas Among Top 10 U.S. Population Gainers From 2022 to 2023"</a>. <i>Census.gov</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Census.gov&rft.atitle=Sunshine+State+Home+to+Metro+Areas+Among+Top+10+U.S.+Population+Gainers+From+2022+to+2023&rft.aulast=Bureau&rft.aufirst=US+Census&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.census.gov%2Flibrary%2Fstories%2F2024%2F03%2Fflorida-and-fast-growing-metros.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMetro+Atlanta" class="Z3988"></span> <span class="cs1-visible-error citation-comment"><code class="cs1-code">{{<a href="/wiki/Template:Cite_web" title="Template:Cite web">cite web</a>}}</code>: </span><span class="cs1-visible-error citation-comment"><code class="cs1-code">|last=</code> has generic name (<a href="/wiki/Help:CS1_errors#generic_name" title="Help:CS1 errors">help</a>)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-17">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160115173726/http://www.census.gov/population/metro/files/lists/historical/99mfips.txt">"METROPOLITAN AREAS AND COMPONENTS, 1999, WITH FIPS CODES"</a>. US Census Bureau. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.census.gov/population/metro/files/lists/historical/99mfips.txt">the original</a> on 2016-01-15<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">15 October</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=METROPOLITAN+AREAS+AND+COMPONENTS%2C+1999%2C+WITH+FIPS+CODES&rft.pub=US+Census+Bureau&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.census.gov%2Fpopulation%2Fmetro%2Ffiles%2Flists%2Fhistorical%2F99mfips.txt&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMetro+Atlanta" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-18">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.pewresearch.org/social-trends/fact-sheet/facts-about-the-us-black-population/#:~:text=Among%20metropolitan%20areas%2C%20the%20New,with%201.8%20million%20Black%20residents">"Facts About the U.S. Black Population"</a>. 18 January 2024.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Facts+About+the+U.S.+Black+Population&rft.date=2024-01-18&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.pewresearch.org%2Fsocial-trends%2Ffact-sheet%2Ffacts-about-the-us-black-population%2F%23%3A~%3Atext%3DAmong%2520metropolitan%2520areas%252C%2520the%2520New%2Cwith%25201.8%2520million%2520Black%2520residents&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMetro+Atlanta" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-19"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-19">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">U.S. Census 2010 vs. 2000 population estimates by race.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-20"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-20">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.census.gov/census2000/xls/ga_tab_5.xls">U.S. Census 2000</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170726233430/https://www.census.gov/census2000/xls/ga_tab_5.xls">Archived</a> 2017-07-26 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> and 2010 data</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-21"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-21">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAdmins" class="citation web cs1">Admins, IP. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20141105114657/https://cair.com/press-center/cair-in-the-news/7834-ga-cultural-center-follows-bosnians.html">"CAIR in the News"</a>. <i>cair.com</i>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://cair.com/press-center/cair-in-the-news/7834-ga-cultural-center-follows-bosnians.html">the original</a> on 2014-11-05<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">15 October</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=cair.com&rft.atitle=CAIR+in+the+News&rft.aulast=Admins&rft.aufirst=IP&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fcair.com%2Fpress-center%2Fcair-in-the-news%2F7834-ga-cultural-center-follows-bosnians.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMetro+Atlanta" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-22"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-22">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.curbed.com/2019/11/13/20952131/gwinnett-county-duluth-atlanta-suburbs-demographics">"Duluth's 'demographic destiny train'<span class="cs1-kern-right"></span>"</a>. 13 November 2019. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20191113205538/https://www.curbed.com/2019/11/13/20952131/gwinnett-county-duluth-atlanta-suburbs-demographics">Archived</a> from the original on 13 November 2019<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">30 November</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Duluth%27s+%27demographic+destiny+train%27&rft.date=2019-11-13&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.curbed.com%2F2019%2F11%2F13%2F20952131%2Fgwinnett-county-duluth-atlanta-suburbs-demographics&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMetro+Atlanta" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-brookings2011-23"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-brookings2011_23-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-brookings2011_23-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFFoundation" class="citation web cs1">Foundation, Internet Memory. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20111016214709/http://www.brookings.edu/~/media/Files/rc/papers/2011/1013_immigration_wilson_singer/1013_immigration_wilson_singer.pdf">"[ARCHIVED CONTENT] Internet Memory – NLI Web Archive"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.brookings.edu/~/media/Files/rc/papers/2011/1013_immigration_wilson_singer/1013_immigration_wilson_singer.pdf">the original</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> on 16 October 2011<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">15 October</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=%5BARCHIVED+CONTENT%5D+Internet+Memory+%E2%80%93+NLI+Web+Archive&rft.aulast=Foundation&rft.aufirst=Internet+Memory&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.brookings.edu%2F~%2Fmedia%2FFiles%2Frc%2Fpapers%2F2011%2F1013_immigration_wilson_singer%2F1013_immigration_wilson_singer.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMetro+Atlanta" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Lively-24"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Lively_24-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Lively, Kit. "<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pqasb.pqarchiver.com/orlandosentinel/access/90334349.html?dids=90334349:90334349&FMT=ABS&FMTS=ABS:FT&type=current&date=Dec+24%2C+1990&author=Kit+Lively+Of+The+Sentinel+Staff&pub=Orlando+Sentinel&desc=EDUCATION+IS+MADE+IN+JAPAN%2C+EXPORTED+TO+ATLANTA&pqatl=google">Education is made in Japan, exported to Atlanta</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20121107185848/http://pqasb.pqarchiver.com/orlandosentinel/access/90334349.html?dids=90334349:90334349&FMT=ABS&FMTS=ABS:FT&type=current&date=Dec+24%2C+1990&author=Kit+Lively+Of+The+Sentinel+Staff&pub=Orlando+Sentinel&desc=EDUCATION+IS+MADE+IN+JAPAN%2C+EXPORTED+TO+ATLANTA&pqatl=google">Archived</a> 2012-11-07 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>." <i><a href="/wiki/Orlando_Sentinel" title="Orlando Sentinel">Orlando Sentinel</a></i>. December 24, 1990. A1. Retrieved on January 11, 2012.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-25"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-25">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBureau" class="citation web cs1">Bureau, U.S. Census. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.today/20200210214259/http://factfinder.census.gov/servlet/ADPTable?ds_name=ACS_2008_1YR_G00_&qr_name=ACS_2008_1YR_G00_DP5&geo_id=31000US12060&_lang=en">"American FactFinder – Results"</a>. <i>factfinder.census.gov</i>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://factfinder.census.gov/servlet/ADPTable?ds_name=ACS_2008_1YR_G00_&qr_name=ACS_2008_1YR_G00_DP5&geo_id=31000US12060&_lang=en">the original</a> on 10 February 2020<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">15 October</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=factfinder.census.gov&rft.atitle=American+FactFinder+%E2%80%93+Results&rft.aulast=Bureau&rft.aufirst=U.S.+Census&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Ffactfinder.census.gov%2Fservlet%2FADPTable%3Fds_name%3DACS_2008_1YR_G00_%26qr_name%3DACS_2008_1YR_G00_DP5%26geo_id%3D31000US12060%26_lang%3Den&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMetro+Atlanta" class="Z3988"></span> <span class="cs1-visible-error citation-comment"><code class="cs1-code">{{<a href="/wiki/Template:Cite_web" title="Template:Cite web">cite web</a>}}</code>: </span><span class="cs1-visible-error citation-comment"><code class="cs1-code">|last=</code> has generic name (<a href="/wiki/Help:CS1_errors#generic_name" title="Help:CS1 errors">help</a>)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-26"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-26">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBureau" class="citation web cs1">Bureau, U.S. Census. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.today/20200211183251/http://factfinder.census.gov/servlet/ADPTable?_bm=y&-geo_id=31000US12060&-qr_name=ACS_2008_1YR_G00_DP2&-context=adp&-ds_name=&-tree_id=3308&-_lang=en&-redoLog=false&-format=">"American FactFinder – Results"</a>. <i>factfinder.census.gov</i>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://factfinder.census.gov/servlet/ADPTable?_bm=y&-geo_id=31000US12060&-qr_name=ACS_2008_1YR_G00_DP2&-context=adp&-ds_name=&-tree_id=3308&-_lang=en&-redoLog=false&-format=">the original</a> on 11 February 2020<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">15 October</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=factfinder.census.gov&rft.atitle=American+FactFinder+%E2%80%93+Results&rft.aulast=Bureau&rft.aufirst=U.S.+Census&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Ffactfinder.census.gov%2Fservlet%2FADPTable%3F_bm%3Dy%26-geo_id%3D31000US12060%26-qr_name%3DACS_2008_1YR_G00_DP2%26-context%3Dadp%26-ds_name%3D%26-tree_id%3D3308%26-_lang%3Den%26-redoLog%3Dfalse%26-format%3D&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMetro+Atlanta" class="Z3988"></span> <span class="cs1-visible-error citation-comment"><code class="cs1-code">{{<a href="/wiki/Template:Cite_web" title="Template:Cite web">cite web</a>}}</code>: </span><span class="cs1-visible-error citation-comment"><code class="cs1-code">|last=</code> has generic name (<a href="/wiki/Help:CS1_errors#generic_name" title="Help:CS1 errors">help</a>)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-27"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-27">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.metroatlantachamber.com/macoc/business/img/alookatatlanta.pdf">"A Look at Atlanta"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. Metro Atlanta Chamber of Commerce. May 2006. p. 11. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20080625032708/http://www.metroatlantachamber.com/macoc/business/img/alookatatlanta.pdf">Archived</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> from the original on 2008-06-25<span class="reference-accessdate">. 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Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.nanpa.com/nas/public/npa_query_step2.do;nanpaid=LhVJJmBMGz9hJz3jJyjBmsbVLqFQsqDRJ27GzchXgl0nyFPhMzGp!-30491381?method=displayNpa">the original</a> on 2011-06-04<span class="reference-accessdate">. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">28 February</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Atlanta+Journal-Constitution&rft.atitle=Gwinnett%27s+MARTA+referendum%3A+a+comprehensive+voter%27s+guide&rft.au=Tyler+Estep&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.myajc.com%2Fnews%2Flocal-govt--politics%2Fgwinnett-upcoming-marta-referendum-comprehensive-voter-guide%2FCVj5YhwsvzesGoX29o0xvL%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMetro+Atlanta" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-49"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-49">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFEstepCoyne" class="citation news cs1">Estep, Tyler; Coyne, Amanda C. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ajc.com/news/local-govt--politics/gwinnett-marta-referendum-has-failed/fzmvZ0KPZAOzGw7rlL9NPJ/#">"Gwinnett's MARTA referendum has failed"</a>. <i>The Atlanta Journal-Constitution</i>. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/1539-7459">1539-7459</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2024-01-08</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Atlanta+Journal-Constitution&rft.atitle=Gwinnett%27s+MARTA+referendum+has+failed&rft.issn=1539-7459&rft.aulast=Estep&rft.aufirst=Tyler&rft.au=Coyne%2C+Amanda+C.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ajc.com%2Fnews%2Flocal-govt--politics%2Fgwinnett-marta-referendum-has-failed%2FfzmvZ0KPZAOzGw7rlL9NPJ%2F%23&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMetro+Atlanta" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-50"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-50">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSjoquist2000" class="citation book cs1">Sjoquist, David L. (2000-05-25). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=DZEyEtmSKA8C&pg=PA53"><i>The Atlanta Paradox – David L. Sojquist</i></a>. Russell Sage Foundation. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-87154-808-5" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-87154-808-5"><bdi>978-0-87154-808-5</bdi></a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230206072740/https://books.google.com/books?id=DZEyEtmSKA8C&pg=PA53">Archived</a> from the original on 2023-02-06<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2009-09-02</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Atlanta+Paradox+%E2%80%93+David+L.+Sojquist&rft.pub=Russell+Sage+Foundation&rft.date=2000-05-25&rft.isbn=978-0-87154-808-5&rft.aulast=Sjoquist&rft.aufirst=David+L.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DDZEyEtmSKA8C%26pg%3DPA53&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMetro+Atlanta" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Metro_Atlanta&action=edit&section=49" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Commons-logo.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/12px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="12" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/18px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/24px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></a></span> Media related to <a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Atlanta_metropolitan_area" class="extiw" title="commons:Category:Atlanta metropolitan area">Atlanta metropolitan area</a> at Wikimedia Commons</li> <li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg/16px-Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg/24px-Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg/32px-Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="193" data-file-height="193" /></a></span> <a href="https://en.wikivoyage.org/wiki/Metro_Atlanta#Q971998" class="extiw" title="voy:Metro Atlanta">Metro Atlanta</a> travel guide from Wikivoyage</li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl 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.mw-parser-output .navbox{display:none!important}}</style></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Metro_Atlanta" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="3"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239400231">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:114%;margin:0 7em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:114%;margin:0 4em}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Metro_Atlanta" title="Template:Metro Atlanta"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Metro_Atlanta" title="Template talk:Metro Atlanta"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Metro_Atlanta" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Metro Atlanta"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Metro_Atlanta" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Atlanta_metropolitan_area" class="mw-redirect" title="Atlanta metropolitan area">Metro Atlanta</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible uncollapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Counties" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Counties</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Barrow_County,_Georgia" title="Barrow County, Georgia">Barrow</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bartow_County,_Georgia" title="Bartow County, Georgia">Bartow</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Butts_County,_Georgia" title="Butts County, Georgia">Butts</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Carroll_County,_Georgia" title="Carroll County, Georgia">Carroll</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cherokee_County,_Georgia" title="Cherokee County, Georgia">Cherokee</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Clayton_County,_Georgia" title="Clayton County, Georgia">Clayton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cobb_County,_Georgia" title="Cobb County, Georgia">Cobb</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Coweta_County,_Georgia" title="Coweta County, Georgia">Coweta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dawson_County,_Georgia" title="Dawson County, Georgia">Dawson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/DeKalb_County,_Georgia" title="DeKalb County, Georgia">DeKalb</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Douglas_County,_Georgia" title="Douglas County, Georgia">Douglas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fayette_County,_Georgia" title="Fayette County, Georgia">Fayette</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Forsyth_County,_Georgia" title="Forsyth County, Georgia">Forsyth</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fulton_County,_Georgia" title="Fulton County, Georgia">Fulton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gwinnett_County,_Georgia" title="Gwinnett County, Georgia">Gwinnett</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hall_County,_Georgia" title="Hall County, Georgia">Hall</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Haralson_County,_Georgia" title="Haralson County, Georgia">Haralson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Heard_County,_Georgia" title="Heard County, Georgia">Heard</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Henry_County,_Georgia" title="Henry County, Georgia">Henry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jasper_County,_Georgia" title="Jasper County, Georgia">Jasper</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lamar_County,_Georgia" title="Lamar County, Georgia">Lamar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Meriwether_County,_Georgia" title="Meriwether County, Georgia">Meriwether</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Newton_County,_Georgia" title="Newton County, Georgia">Newton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paulding_County,_Georgia" title="Paulding County, Georgia">Paulding</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pickens_County,_Georgia" title="Pickens County, Georgia">Pickens</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pike_County,_Georgia" title="Pike County, Georgia">Pike</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rockdale_County,_Georgia" title="Rockdale County, Georgia">Rockdale</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spalding_County,_Georgia" title="Spalding County, Georgia">Spalding</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Walton_County,_Georgia" title="Walton County, Georgia">Walton</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="3" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Atlanta-metroclean.png" class="mw-file-description" title="Map of the Atlanta Metropolitan area"><img alt="Map of the Atlanta Metropolitan area" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Atlanta-metroclean.png/150px-Atlanta-metroclean.png" decoding="async" width="150" height="174" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Atlanta-metroclean.png/225px-Atlanta-metroclean.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/e/ed/Atlanta-metroclean.png 2x" data-file-width="258" data-file-height="300" /></a></span></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible uncollapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Municipalities_and_CDPs_in_Metro_Atlanta" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Municipalities and CDPs in Metro Atlanta</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">500k+</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Atlanta" title="Atlanta">Atlanta</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">100k–250k</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cumberland,_Georgia" title="Cumberland, Georgia">Cumberland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/East_Cobb,_Georgia" title="East Cobb, Georgia">East Cobb</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sandy_Springs,_Georgia" title="Sandy Springs, Georgia">Sandy Springs</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">25k–100k</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Alpharetta,_Georgia" title="Alpharetta, Georgia">Alpharetta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brookhaven,_Georgia" title="Brookhaven, Georgia">Brookhaven</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Duluth,_Georgia" title="Duluth, Georgia">Duluth</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Douglasville,_Georgia" title="Douglasville, Georgia">Douglasville</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dunwoody,_Georgia" title="Dunwoody, Georgia">Dunwoody</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/East_Point,_Georgia" title="East Point, Georgia">East Point</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gainesville,_Georgia" title="Gainesville, Georgia">Gainesville</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Johns_Creek,_Georgia" title="Johns Creek, Georgia">Johns Creek</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lawrenceville,_Georgia" title="Lawrenceville, Georgia">Lawrenceville</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mableton,_Georgia" title="Mableton, Georgia">Mableton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marietta,_Georgia" title="Marietta, Georgia">Marietta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Milton,_Georgia" title="Milton, Georgia">Milton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Newnan,_Georgia" title="Newnan, Georgia">Newnan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peachtree_City,_Georgia" title="Peachtree City, Georgia">Peachtree City</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peachtree_Corners,_Georgia" title="Peachtree Corners, Georgia">Peachtree Corners</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roswell,_Georgia" title="Roswell, Georgia">Roswell</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Redan,_Georgia" title="Redan, Georgia">Redan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Smyrna,_Georgia" title="Smyrna, Georgia">Smyrna</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tucker,_Georgia" title="Tucker, Georgia">Tucker</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">10k–25k</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Acworth,_Georgia" title="Acworth, Georgia">Acworth</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Belvedere_Park,_Georgia" title="Belvedere Park, Georgia">Belvedere Park</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Buford,_Georgia" title="Buford, Georgia">Buford</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Candler-McAfee,_Georgia" title="Candler-McAfee, Georgia">Candler-McAfee</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Carrollton,_Georgia" title="Carrollton, Georgia">Carrollton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cartersville,_Georgia" title="Cartersville, Georgia">Cartersville</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chamblee,_Georgia" title="Chamblee, Georgia">Chamblee</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/College_Park,_Georgia" title="College Park, Georgia">College Park</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Conyers,_Georgia" title="Conyers, Georgia">Conyers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Covington,_Georgia" title="Covington, Georgia">Covington</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Decatur,_Georgia" title="Decatur, Georgia">Decatur</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Doraville,_Georgia" title="Doraville, Georgia">Doraville</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Druid_Hills,_Georgia" title="Druid Hills, Georgia">Druid Hills</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fayetteville,_Georgia" title="Fayetteville, Georgia">Fayetteville</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Forest_Park,_Georgia" title="Forest Park, Georgia">Forest Park</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Griffin,_Georgia" title="Griffin, Georgia">Griffin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kennesaw,_Georgia" title="Kennesaw, Georgia">Kennesaw</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Suwanee,_Georgia" title="Suwanee, Georgia">Suwanee</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lilburn,_Georgia" title="Lilburn, Georgia">Lilburn</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Monroe,_Georgia" title="Monroe, Georgia">Monroe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mountain_Park,_Gwinnett_County,_Georgia" title="Mountain Park, Gwinnett County, Georgia">Mountain Park</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/North_Decatur,_Georgia" title="North Decatur, Georgia">North Decatur</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/North_Druid_Hills,_Georgia" title="North Druid Hills, Georgia">North Druid Hills</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Panthersville,_Georgia" title="Panthersville, Georgia">Panthersville</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Powder_Springs,_Georgia" title="Powder Springs, Georgia">Powder Springs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Riverdale,_Georgia" title="Riverdale, Georgia">Riverdale</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Snellville,_Georgia" title="Snellville, Georgia">Snellville</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stockbridge,_Georgia" title="Stockbridge, Georgia">Stockbridge</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sugar_Hill,_Georgia" title="Sugar Hill, Georgia">Sugar Hill</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Union_City,_Georgia" title="Union City, Georgia">Union City</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vinings,_Georgia" title="Vinings, Georgia">Vinings</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Winder,_Georgia" title="Winder, Georgia">Winder</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Woodstock,_Georgia" title="Woodstock, Georgia">Woodstock</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible uncollapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Topics" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Topics</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Architecture_of_Atlanta" title="Architecture of Atlanta">Architecture</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arts_in_Atlanta" title="Arts in Atlanta">Arts</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Climate_of_Atlanta" class="mw-redirect" title="Climate of Atlanta">Climate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Crime_in_Atlanta" title="Crime in Atlanta">Crime</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_colleges_and_universities_in_metropolitan_Atlanta" title="List of colleges and universities in metropolitan Atlanta">Colleges and universities</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Demographics_of_Atlanta" title="Demographics of Atlanta">Demographics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Festivals_in_Atlanta" title="Festivals in Atlanta">Festivals</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Government_of_Atlanta" title="Government of Atlanta">Government</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Template:Historic_Districts_in_Metro_Atlanta" title="Template:Historic Districts in Metro Atlanta">Historic Districts</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_Atlanta" title="History of Atlanta">History</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Media_in_Atlanta" title="Media in Atlanta">Media</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_museums_in_Atlanta" title="List of museums in Atlanta">Museums</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Neighborhoods_in_Atlanta" title="Neighborhoods in Atlanta">Neighborhoods</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Parks_in_Atlanta" title="Parks in Atlanta">Parks</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_people_from_Atlanta" title="List of people from Atlanta">People</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Atlanta_Public_Schools" title="Atlanta Public Schools">Public schools</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_Atlanta" title="Religion in Atlanta">Religion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_tallest_buildings_in_Atlanta" title="List of tallest buildings in Atlanta">Skyscrapers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sports_in_Atlanta" title="Sports in Atlanta">Sports</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tourism_in_Atlanta" title="Tourism in Atlanta">Tourism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Atlanta#Transportation" title="Atlanta">Transportation (Atlanta)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Atlanta_metropolitan_area#Transportation" class="mw-redirect" title="Atlanta metropolitan area">Transportation (Metro Atlanta)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="3"><div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Georgia_(U.S._state)" title="Georgia (U.S. state)">Georgia</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="25px_City_of_Atlanta" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="3"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Atlanta" title="Template:Atlanta"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Atlanta" title="Template talk:Atlanta"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Atlanta" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Atlanta"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="25px_City_of_Atlanta" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Flag_of_Atlanta.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/17/Flag_of_Atlanta.svg/25px-Flag_of_Atlanta.svg.png" decoding="async" width="25" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/17/Flag_of_Atlanta.svg/38px-Flag_of_Atlanta.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/17/Flag_of_Atlanta.svg/50px-Flag_of_Atlanta.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1513" data-file-height="905" /></a></span> City of <a href="/wiki/Atlanta" title="Atlanta">Atlanta</a></div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="3"><div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Fulton_County,_Georgia" title="Fulton County, Georgia">Fulton County</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Atlanta_metropolitan_area" class="mw-redirect" title="Atlanta metropolitan area">Atlanta metropolitan area</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Georgia_(U.S._state)" title="Georgia (U.S. state)">Georgia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States" title="United States">United States</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Topics</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Architecture_of_Atlanta" title="Architecture of Atlanta">Architecture</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_oldest_structures_in_Atlanta" title="List of oldest structures in Atlanta">Oldest structures</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_tallest_buildings_in_Atlanta" title="List of tallest buildings in Atlanta">Tallest buildings</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arts_in_Atlanta" title="Arts in Atlanta">Arts</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_public_art_in_Atlanta" title="List of public art in Atlanta">Public art</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Street_art_in_Atlanta" title="Street art in Atlanta">Street art</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Crime_in_Atlanta" title="Crime in Atlanta">Crime</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cuisine_of_Atlanta" title="Cuisine of Atlanta">Cuisine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Demographics_of_Atlanta" title="Demographics of Atlanta">Demographics</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/African_Americans_in_Atlanta" title="African Americans in Atlanta">African Americans</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hispanic_and_Latino_communities_in_Metro_Atlanta" title="Hispanic and Latino communities in Metro Atlanta">Hispanics and Latinos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_the_Jews_in_Atlanta" title="History of the Jews in Atlanta">Jews</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Economy_of_Atlanta" title="Economy of Atlanta">Economy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Festivals_in_Atlanta" title="Festivals in Atlanta">Festivals</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Geography_of_Atlanta" title="Geography of Atlanta">Geography</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_Atlanta" title="History of Atlanta">History</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_Atlanta" title="Timeline of Atlanta">Timeline</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hotels_in_Atlanta" title="Hotels in Atlanta">Hotels</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Media_in_Atlanta" title="Media in Atlanta">Media</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_museums_in_Atlanta" title="List of museums in Atlanta">Museums</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Music_of_Atlanta" title="Music of Atlanta">Music</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Neighborhoods_in_Atlanta" title="Neighborhoods in Atlanta">Neighborhoods</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nicknames_of_Atlanta" title="Nicknames of Atlanta">Nicknames</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Parks_in_Atlanta" title="Parks in Atlanta">Parks</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_people_from_Atlanta" title="List of people from Atlanta">People</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_Atlanta" title="Religion in Atlanta">Religion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_tallest_buildings_in_Atlanta" title="List of tallest buildings in Atlanta">Skyscrapers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sports_in_Atlanta" title="Sports in Atlanta">Sports</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tourism_in_Atlanta" title="Tourism in Atlanta">Tourism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Transportation_in_Atlanta" title="Transportation in Atlanta">Transportation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Atlanta_tree_canopy" title="Atlanta tree canopy">Tree canopy</a></li></ul> </div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="5" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Seal_of_Atlanta.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Seal_of_Atlanta.svg/50px-Seal_of_Atlanta.svg.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="51" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Seal_of_Atlanta.svg/75px-Seal_of_Atlanta.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Seal_of_Atlanta.svg/100px-Seal_of_Atlanta.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1204" data-file-height="1226" /></a></span></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Education</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_colleges_and_universities_in_metropolitan_Atlanta" title="List of colleges and universities in metropolitan Atlanta">Colleges and universities</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_private_schools_in_Atlanta" title="List of private schools in Atlanta">Private schools</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Atlanta_Public_Schools" title="Atlanta Public Schools">Public schools</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Government_of_Atlanta" title="Government of Atlanta">Government</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Atlanta_City_Council" title="Atlanta City Council">City Council</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Atlanta_Fire_Rescue_Department" title="Atlanta Fire Rescue Department">Fire</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Atlanta_Housing_Authority" title="Atlanta Housing Authority">Atlanta Housing Authority</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Invest_Atlanta" title="Invest Atlanta">Invest Atlanta</a> development authority</li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_mayors_of_Atlanta" title="List of mayors of Atlanta">Mayors</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Atlanta_Police_Department" title="Atlanta Police Department">Police</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Sports_in_Atlanta" title="Sports in Atlanta">Sports</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Atlanta_Braves" title="Atlanta Braves">Atlanta Braves</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Atlanta_Dream" title="Atlanta Dream">Atlanta Dream</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Atlanta_Falcons" title="Atlanta Falcons">Atlanta Falcons</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Atlanta_Hawks" title="Atlanta Hawks">Atlanta Hawks</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Atlanta_United_FC" title="Atlanta United FC">Atlanta United FC</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Georgia_State_Panthers" title="Georgia State Panthers">Georgia State Panthers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Georgia_Tech_Yellow_Jackets" title="Georgia Tech Yellow Jackets">Georgia Tech Yellow Jackets</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rugby_ATL" class="mw-redirect" title="Rugby ATL">Rugby ATL</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Related</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Georgia_State_Capitol" title="Georgia State Capitol">Georgia State Capitol</a> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Miss_Freedom" title="Miss Freedom">Miss Freedom</a></i></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_sister_cities_of_Atlanta" class="mw-redirect" title="List of sister cities of Atlanta">Sister cities</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="3"><div> <ul><li><b><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Category"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/16px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/23px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/31px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Category:Atlanta" title="Category:Atlanta">Category</a></b></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="State_of_Georgia" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Georgia_(U.S._state)" title="Template:Georgia (U.S. state)"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Georgia_(U.S._state)" title="Template talk:Georgia (U.S. state)"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Georgia_(U.S._state)" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Georgia (U.S. state)"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="State_of_Georgia" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/U.S._state" title="U.S. state">State</a> of <a href="/wiki/Georgia_(U.S._state)" title="Georgia (U.S. state)">Georgia</a></div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div><b><a href="/wiki/Atlanta" title="Atlanta">Atlanta</a></b> (capital)</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Outline_of_Georgia_(U.S._state)" title="Outline of Georgia (U.S. state)">Topics</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Index_of_Georgia_(U.S._state)-related_articles" title="Index of Georgia (U.S. state)-related articles">Index</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Climate_change_in_Georgia_(U.S._state)" title="Climate change in Georgia (U.S. state)">Climate change</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Geology_of_Georgia_(U.S._state)" title="Geology of Georgia (U.S. state)">Geology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_Georgia_(U.S._state)" title="History of Georgia (U.S. state)">History</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_congressional_delegations_from_Georgia" title="United States congressional delegations from Georgia">Congressional delegations</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Government_of_Georgia_(U.S._state)" title="Government of Georgia (U.S. state)">Government</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Law_of_Georgia_(U.S._state)" title="Law of Georgia (U.S. state)">Law</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_people_from_Georgia_(U.S._state)" title="List of people from Georgia (U.S. state)">People</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Mass_media_in_Georgia_(U.S._state)" title="Category:Mass media in Georgia (U.S. state)">Mass media</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_newspapers_in_Georgia_(U.S._state)" title="List of newspapers in Georgia (U.S. state)">newspapers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_radio_stations_in_Georgia_(U.S._state)" title="List of radio stations in Georgia (U.S. state)">radio</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_television_stations_in_Georgia_(U.S._state)" title="List of television stations in Georgia (U.S. state)">TV</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Music_of_Georgia_(U.S._state)" title="Music of Georgia (U.S. state)">Music</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elections_in_Georgia_(U.S._state)" title="Elections in Georgia (U.S. state)">Elections</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Geography_of_Georgia_(U.S._state)" title="Geography of Georgia (U.S. state)">Geography</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Georgia_state_parks" title="List of Georgia state parks">State parks</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Georgia_state_symbols" title="List of Georgia state symbols">Symbols</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Transportation_in_Georgia_(U.S._state)" title="Transportation in Georgia (U.S. state)">Transportation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Tourist_attractions_in_Georgia_(U.S._state)" title="Category:Tourist attractions in Georgia (U.S. state)">Tourist attractions</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/African_Americans_in_Georgia_(U.S._state)" class="mw-redirect" title="African Americans in Georgia (U.S. state)">African Americans</a> (<a href="/wiki/History_of_slavery_in_Georgia_(U.S._state)" class="mw-redirect" title="History of slavery in Georgia (U.S. state)">Slavery</a>)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Society</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Abortion_in_Georgia_(U.S._state)" title="Abortion in Georgia (U.S. state)">Abortion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Culture_of_Georgia_(U.S._state)" title="Culture of Georgia (U.S. state)">Culture</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Crime_in_Georgia_(U.S._state)" title="Crime in Georgia (U.S. state)">Crime</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Demographics_of_Georgia_(U.S._state)" title="Demographics of Georgia (U.S. state)">Demographics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Georgia_(U.S._state)#Economy" title="Georgia (U.S. state)">Economy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Education_in_Georgia_(U.S._state)" title="Education in Georgia (U.S. state)">Education</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gun_laws_in_Georgia_(U.S._state)" title="Gun laws in Georgia (U.S. state)">Gun laws</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/LGBT_rights_in_Georgia_(U.S._state)" class="mw-redirect" title="LGBT rights in Georgia (U.S. state)">LGBT rights</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Politics_of_Georgia_(U.S._state)" title="Politics of Georgia (U.S. state)">Politics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sports_in_Georgia_(U.S._state)" title="Sports in Georgia (U.S. state)">Sports</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/List_of_regions_of_the_United_States#Georgia" title="List of regions of the United States">Regions</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Central_Georgia" class="mw-redirect" title="Central Georgia">Central Georgia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Coastal_Georgia" title="Coastal Georgia">Coastal Georgia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/East_Georgia_(region)" title="East Georgia (region)">East Georgia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/East_Central_Georgia" title="East Central Georgia">East Central Georgia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Golden_Isles_of_Georgia" title="Golden Isles of Georgia">Golden Isles</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lower_Coastal_Plain_(Georgia)" title="Lower Coastal Plain (Georgia)">Lower Coastal Plain</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Atlanta_metropolitan_area" class="mw-redirect" title="Atlanta metropolitan area">Metro Atlanta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/North_Georgia" title="North Georgia">North Georgia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Northeast_Georgia" title="Northeast Georgia">Northeast Georgia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Northwest_Georgia" title="Northwest Georgia">Northwest Georgia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sea_Islands" title="Sea Islands">Sea Islands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/South_Georgia_(region)" title="South Georgia (region)">South Georgia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Southern_Rivers" title="Southern Rivers">Southern Rivers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Southeast_Georgia" title="Southeast Georgia">Southeast Georgia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Southwest_Georgia" title="Southwest Georgia">Southwest Georgia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/West_Georgia_(region)" title="West Georgia (region)">West Georgia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/West_Central_Georgia" title="West Central Georgia">West Central Georgia</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/List_of_largest_Georgia_(U.S._state)_cities_by_population" class="mw-redirect" title="List of largest Georgia (U.S. state) cities by population">Largest cities</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Albany,_Georgia" title="Albany, Georgia">Albany</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Atlanta" title="Atlanta">Atlanta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Athens,_Georgia" title="Athens, Georgia">Athens</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Augusta,_Georgia" title="Augusta, Georgia">Augusta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Columbus,_Georgia" title="Columbus, Georgia">Columbus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Johns_Creek,_Georgia" title="Johns Creek, Georgia">Johns Creek</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Macon,_Georgia" title="Macon, Georgia">Macon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marietta,_Georgia" title="Marietta, Georgia">Marietta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roswell,_Georgia" title="Roswell, Georgia">Roswell</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sandy_Springs,_Georgia" title="Sandy Springs, Georgia">Sandy Springs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Savannah,_Georgia" title="Savannah, Georgia">Savannah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/South_Fulton,_Georgia" title="South Fulton, Georgia">South Fulton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Valdosta,_Georgia" title="Valdosta, Georgia">Valdosta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Warner_Robins,_Georgia" title="Warner Robins, Georgia">Warner Robins</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/List_of_counties_in_Georgia" title="List of counties in Georgia">Counties</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Appling_County,_Georgia" title="Appling County, Georgia">Appling</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Atkinson_County,_Georgia" title="Atkinson County, Georgia">Atkinson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bacon_County,_Georgia" title="Bacon County, Georgia">Bacon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Baker_County,_Georgia" title="Baker County, Georgia">Baker</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Baldwin_County,_Georgia" title="Baldwin County, Georgia">Baldwin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Banks_County,_Georgia" title="Banks County, Georgia">Banks</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Barrow_County,_Georgia" title="Barrow County, Georgia">Barrow</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bartow_County,_Georgia" title="Bartow County, Georgia">Bartow</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ben_Hill_County,_Georgia" title="Ben Hill County, Georgia">Ben Hill</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Berrien_County,_Georgia" title="Berrien County, Georgia">Berrien</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bibb_County,_Georgia" title="Bibb County, Georgia">Bibb</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bleckley_County,_Georgia" title="Bleckley County, Georgia">Bleckley</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brantley_County,_Georgia" title="Brantley County, Georgia">Brantley</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brooks_County,_Georgia" title="Brooks County, Georgia">Brooks</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bryan_County,_Georgia" title="Bryan County, Georgia">Bryan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bulloch_County,_Georgia" title="Bulloch County, Georgia">Bulloch</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Burke_County,_Georgia" title="Burke County, Georgia">Burke</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Butts_County,_Georgia" title="Butts County, Georgia">Butts</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Calhoun_County,_Georgia" title="Calhoun County, Georgia">Calhoun</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Camden_County,_Georgia" title="Camden County, Georgia">Camden</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Candler_County,_Georgia" title="Candler County, Georgia">Candler</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Carroll_County,_Georgia" title="Carroll County, Georgia">Carroll</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Catoosa_County,_Georgia" title="Catoosa County, Georgia">Catoosa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charlton_County,_Georgia" title="Charlton County, Georgia">Charlton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chatham_County,_Georgia" title="Chatham County, Georgia">Chatham</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chattahoochee_County,_Georgia" title="Chattahoochee County, Georgia">Chattahoochee</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chattooga_County,_Georgia" title="Chattooga County, Georgia">Chattooga</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cherokee_County,_Georgia" title="Cherokee County, Georgia">Cherokee</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Clarke_County,_Georgia" title="Clarke County, Georgia">Clarke</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Clay_County,_Georgia" title="Clay County, Georgia">Clay</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Clayton_County,_Georgia" title="Clayton County, Georgia">Clayton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Clinch_County,_Georgia" title="Clinch County, Georgia">Clinch</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cobb_County,_Georgia" title="Cobb County, Georgia">Cobb</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Coffee_County,_Georgia" title="Coffee County, Georgia">Coffee</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Colquitt_County,_Georgia" title="Colquitt County, Georgia">Colquitt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Columbia_County,_Georgia" title="Columbia County, Georgia">Columbia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cook_County,_Georgia" title="Cook County, Georgia">Cook</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Coweta_County,_Georgia" title="Coweta County, Georgia">Coweta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Crawford_County,_Georgia" title="Crawford County, Georgia">Crawford</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Crisp_County,_Georgia" title="Crisp County, Georgia">Crisp</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dade_County,_Georgia" title="Dade County, Georgia">Dade</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dawson_County,_Georgia" title="Dawson County, Georgia">Dawson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Decatur_County,_Georgia" title="Decatur County, Georgia">Decatur</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/DeKalb_County,_Georgia" title="DeKalb County, Georgia">DeKalb</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dodge_County,_Georgia" title="Dodge County, Georgia">Dodge</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dooly_County,_Georgia" title="Dooly County, Georgia">Dooly</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dougherty_County,_Georgia" title="Dougherty County, Georgia">Dougherty</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Douglas_County,_Georgia" title="Douglas County, Georgia">Douglas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Early_County,_Georgia" title="Early County, Georgia">Early</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Echols_County,_Georgia" title="Echols County, Georgia">Echols</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Effingham_County,_Georgia" title="Effingham County, Georgia">Effingham</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elbert_County,_Georgia" title="Elbert County, Georgia">Elbert</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Emanuel_County,_Georgia" title="Emanuel County, Georgia">Emanuel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Evans_County,_Georgia" title="Evans County, Georgia">Evans</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fannin_County,_Georgia" title="Fannin County, Georgia">Fannin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fayette_County,_Georgia" title="Fayette County, Georgia">Fayette</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Floyd_County,_Georgia" title="Floyd County, Georgia">Floyd</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Forsyth_County,_Georgia" title="Forsyth County, Georgia">Forsyth</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Franklin_County,_Georgia" title="Franklin County, Georgia">Franklin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fulton_County,_Georgia" title="Fulton County, Georgia">Fulton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gilmer_County,_Georgia" title="Gilmer County, Georgia">Gilmer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Glascock_County,_Georgia" title="Glascock County, Georgia">Glascock</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Glynn_County,_Georgia" title="Glynn County, Georgia">Glynn</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gordon_County,_Georgia" title="Gordon County, Georgia">Gordon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Grady_County,_Georgia" title="Grady County, Georgia">Grady</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Greene_County,_Georgia" title="Greene County, Georgia">Greene</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gwinnett_County,_Georgia" title="Gwinnett County, Georgia">Gwinnett</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Habersham_County,_Georgia" title="Habersham County, Georgia">Habersham</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hall_County,_Georgia" title="Hall County, Georgia">Hall</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hancock_County,_Georgia" title="Hancock County, Georgia">Hancock</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Haralson_County,_Georgia" title="Haralson County, Georgia">Haralson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Harris_County,_Georgia" title="Harris County, Georgia">Harris</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hart_County,_Georgia" title="Hart County, Georgia">Hart</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Heard_County,_Georgia" title="Heard County, Georgia">Heard</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Henry_County,_Georgia" title="Henry County, Georgia">Henry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Houston_County,_Georgia" title="Houston County, Georgia">Houston</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Irwin_County,_Georgia" title="Irwin County, Georgia">Irwin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jackson_County,_Georgia" title="Jackson County, Georgia">Jackson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jasper_County,_Georgia" title="Jasper County, Georgia">Jasper</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jeff_Davis_County,_Georgia" title="Jeff Davis County, Georgia">Jeff Davis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jefferson_County,_Georgia" title="Jefferson County, Georgia">Jefferson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jenkins_County,_Georgia" title="Jenkins County, Georgia">Jenkins</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Johnson_County,_Georgia" title="Johnson County, Georgia">Johnson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jones_County,_Georgia" title="Jones County, Georgia">Jones</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lamar_County,_Georgia" title="Lamar County, Georgia">Lamar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lanier_County,_Georgia" title="Lanier County, Georgia">Lanier</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Laurens_County,_Georgia" title="Laurens County, Georgia">Laurens</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lee_County,_Georgia" title="Lee County, Georgia">Lee</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Liberty_County,_Georgia" title="Liberty County, Georgia">Liberty</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lincoln_County,_Georgia" title="Lincoln County, Georgia">Lincoln</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Long_County,_Georgia" title="Long County, Georgia">Long</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lowndes_County,_Georgia" title="Lowndes County, Georgia">Lowndes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lumpkin_County,_Georgia" title="Lumpkin County, Georgia">Lumpkin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Macon_County,_Georgia" title="Macon County, Georgia">Macon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Madison_County,_Georgia" title="Madison County, Georgia">Madison</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marion_County,_Georgia" title="Marion County, Georgia">Marion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/McDuffie_County,_Georgia" title="McDuffie County, Georgia">McDuffie</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/McIntosh_County,_Georgia" title="McIntosh County, Georgia">McIntosh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Meriwether_County,_Georgia" title="Meriwether County, Georgia">Meriwether</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Miller_County,_Georgia" title="Miller County, Georgia">Miller</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mitchell_County,_Georgia" title="Mitchell County, Georgia">Mitchell</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Monroe_County,_Georgia" title="Monroe County, Georgia">Monroe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Montgomery_County,_Georgia" title="Montgomery County, Georgia">Montgomery</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Morgan_County,_Georgia" title="Morgan County, Georgia">Morgan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Murray_County,_Georgia" title="Murray County, Georgia">Murray</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Muscogee_County,_Georgia" title="Muscogee County, Georgia">Muscogee</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Newton_County,_Georgia" title="Newton County, Georgia">Newton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oconee_County,_Georgia" title="Oconee County, Georgia">Oconee</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oglethorpe_County,_Georgia" title="Oglethorpe County, Georgia">Oglethorpe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paulding_County,_Georgia" title="Paulding County, Georgia">Paulding</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peach_County,_Georgia" title="Peach County, Georgia">Peach</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pickens_County,_Georgia" title="Pickens County, Georgia">Pickens</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pierce_County,_Georgia" title="Pierce County, Georgia">Pierce</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pike_County,_Georgia" title="Pike County, Georgia">Pike</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Polk_County,_Georgia" title="Polk County, Georgia">Polk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pulaski_County,_Georgia" title="Pulaski County, Georgia">Pulaski</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Putnam_County,_Georgia" title="Putnam County, Georgia">Putnam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Quitman_County,_Georgia" title="Quitman County, Georgia">Quitman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rabun_County,_Georgia" title="Rabun County, Georgia">Rabun</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Randolph_County,_Georgia" title="Randolph County, Georgia">Randolph</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Richmond_County,_Georgia" title="Richmond County, Georgia">Richmond</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rockdale_County,_Georgia" title="Rockdale County, Georgia">Rockdale</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Schley_County,_Georgia" title="Schley County, Georgia">Schley</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Screven_County,_Georgia" title="Screven County, Georgia">Screven</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Seminole_County,_Georgia" title="Seminole County, Georgia">Seminole</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spalding_County,_Georgia" title="Spalding County, Georgia">Spalding</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stephens_County,_Georgia" title="Stephens County, Georgia">Stephens</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stewart_County,_Georgia" title="Stewart County, Georgia">Stewart</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sumter_County,_Georgia" title="Sumter County, Georgia">Sumter</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Talbot_County,_Georgia" title="Talbot County, Georgia">Talbot</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Taliaferro_County,_Georgia" title="Taliaferro County, Georgia">Taliaferro</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tattnall_County,_Georgia" title="Tattnall County, Georgia">Tattnall</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Taylor_County,_Georgia" title="Taylor County, Georgia">Taylor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Telfair_County,_Georgia" title="Telfair County, Georgia">Telfair</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Terrell_County,_Georgia" title="Terrell County, Georgia">Terrell</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thomas_County,_Georgia" title="Thomas County, Georgia">Thomas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tift_County,_Georgia" title="Tift County, Georgia">Tift</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Toombs_County,_Georgia" title="Toombs County, Georgia">Toombs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Towns_County,_Georgia" title="Towns County, Georgia">Towns</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Treutlen_County,_Georgia" title="Treutlen County, Georgia">Treutlen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Troup_County,_Georgia" title="Troup County, Georgia">Troup</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Turner_County,_Georgia" title="Turner County, Georgia">Turner</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Twiggs_County,_Georgia" title="Twiggs County, Georgia">Twiggs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Union_County,_Georgia" title="Union County, Georgia">Union</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Upson_County,_Georgia" title="Upson County, Georgia">Upson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Walker_County,_Georgia" title="Walker County, Georgia">Walker</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Walton_County,_Georgia" title="Walton County, Georgia">Walton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ware_County,_Georgia" title="Ware County, Georgia">Ware</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Warren_County,_Georgia" title="Warren County, Georgia">Warren</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Washington_County,_Georgia" title="Washington County, Georgia">Washington</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wayne_County,_Georgia" title="Wayne County, Georgia">Wayne</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Webster_County,_Georgia" title="Webster County, Georgia">Webster</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wheeler_County,_Georgia" title="Wheeler County, Georgia">Wheeler</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/White_County,_Georgia" title="White County, Georgia">White</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Whitfield_County,_Georgia" title="Whitfield County, Georgia">Whitfield</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wilcox_County,_Georgia" title="Wilcox County, Georgia">Wilcox</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wilkes_County,_Georgia" title="Wilkes County, Georgia">Wilkes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wilkinson_County,_Georgia" title="Wilkinson County, Georgia">Wilkinson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Worth_County,_Georgia" title="Worth County, Georgia">Worth</a></li> <li>(<i><a href="/wiki/Campbell_County,_Georgia" title="Campbell County, Georgia">Campbell</a></i>)</li> <li>(<i><a href="/wiki/Milton_County,_Georgia" title="Milton County, Georgia">Milton</a></i>)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><i><b><span class="nowrap"><span class="mw-image-border noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="flag" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/08/Flag_of_the_State_of_Georgia.svg/32px-Flag_of_the_State_of_Georgia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="32" height="20" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/08/Flag_of_the_State_of_Georgia.svg/48px-Flag_of_the_State_of_Georgia.svg.png 1.5x, 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