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.mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-list-title,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-title-with-pretitle{background:transparent!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-title-with-pretitle a{color:var(--color-progressive)!important}}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .sidebar{display:none!important}}</style> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1246091330"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1246091330"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1246091330"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1246091330"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1246091330"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1246091330"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1246091330"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1246091330"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1246091330"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1246091330"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1246091330"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1246091330"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1246091330"> The Temple in Jerusalem, or alternatively the Holy Temple (<a href="/wiki/Hebrew_language" title="Hebrew language">Hebrew</a>: <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1241449095">.mw-parser-output .script-hebrew,.mw-parser-output .script-Hebr{font-family:"Ezra SIL SR","Ezra SIL","SBL Hebrew","Taamey Frank CLM","SBL BibLit","Taamey Ashkenaz","Frank Ruehl CLM","Keter Aram Tsova","Taamey David CLM","Keter YG","Shofar","David CLM","Hadasim CLM","Simple CLM","Nachlieli",Cardo,Alef,"Noto Serif Hebrew","Noto Sans Hebrew","David Libre",David,"Times New Roman",Gisha,Arial,FreeSerif,FreeSans}</style>בֵּית־הַמִּקְדָּשׁ‎, <a href="/wiki/Modern_Hebrew" title="Modern Hebrew">Modern</a>: Bēt haMīqdaš, <a href="/wiki/Tiberian_vocalization" title="Tiberian vocalization">Tiberian</a>: Bēṯ hamMīqdāš; <a href="/wiki/Arabic_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Arabic language">Arabic</a>: بيت المقدس, Bayt al-Maqdis), refers to the two religious structures that served as the central places of worship for <a href="/wiki/Israelites" title="Israelites">Israelites</a> and <a href="/wiki/Jews" title="Jews">Jews</a> on the modern-day <a href="/wiki/Temple_Mount" title="Temple Mount">Temple Mount</a> in the <a href="/wiki/Old_City_of_Jerusalem" title="Old City of Jerusalem">Old City of Jerusalem</a>. According to the <a href="/wiki/Hebrew_Bible" title="Hebrew Bible">Hebrew Bible</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Solomon%27s_Temple" title="Solomon's Temple">First Temple</a> was built in the 10th century BCE, during the reign of <a href="/wiki/Solomon" title="Solomon">Solomon</a> over the <a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Israel_(united_monarchy)" title="Kingdom of Israel (united monarchy)">United Kingdom of Israel</a>. It stood until <abbr title="circa">c.</abbr> 587 BCE, when it was destroyed during the <a href="/wiki/Siege_of_Jerusalem_(587_BC)" title="Siege of Jerusalem (587 BC)">Babylonian siege of Jerusalem</a>.<a href="#cite_note-1">[1]</a> Almost a century later, the First Temple was replaced by the <a href="/wiki/Second_Temple" title="Second Temple">Second Temple</a>, which was built after the <a href="/wiki/Neo-Babylonian_Empire" title="Neo-Babylonian Empire">Neo-Babylonian Empire</a> was conquered by the <a href="/wiki/Achaemenid_Empire" title="Achaemenid Empire">Achaemenid Persian Empire</a>. While the Second Temple stood for a longer period of time than the First Temple, it was likewise destroyed during the <a href="/wiki/Siege_of_Jerusalem_(70_CE)" title="Siege of Jerusalem (70 CE)">Roman siege of Jerusalem</a> in 70 CE. Projects to build the hypothetical "<a href="/wiki/Third_Temple" title="Third Temple">Third Temple</a>" have not come to fruition in the modern era, though the Temple in Jerusalem still features prominently in <a href="/wiki/Judaism" title="Judaism">Judaism</a>.<a href="#cite_note-2">[2]</a> As an object of longing and a symbol of future redemption, the Temple has been commemorated in Jewish tradition through prayer, liturgical poetry, art, poetry, architecture, and other forms of expression. Outside of Judaism, the Temple (and today's Temple Mount) also carries a high level of significance in <a href="/wiki/Islam" title="Islam">Islam</a> and <a href="/wiki/Christianity" title="Christianity">Christianity</a>. One of the early Arabic names for Jerusalem is Bayt al-Maqdis, which preserves the memory of the Temple. The Temple Mount is home to two monumental Islamic structures, the <a href="/wiki/Dome_of_the_Rock" title="Dome of the Rock">Dome of the Rock</a> and <a href="/wiki/Al-Aqsa_Mosque" title="Al-Aqsa Mosque">Al-Aqsa Mosque</a>, which date to the <a href="/wiki/Umayyad_Caliphate" title="Umayyad Caliphate">Umayyad</a> period. The site, known to Muslims as the "Al-Aqsa Mosque compound" or Haram al-Sharif, is considered the <a href="/wiki/Holiest_sites_in_Islam#Al-Masjid_al-Aqsa" title="Holiest sites in Islam">third-holiest site in Islam</a>. The Christian New Testament and tradition hold that important events in <a href="/wiki/Jesus" title="Jesus">Jesus</a>' life took place in the Temple, and the <a href="/wiki/Crusades" title="Crusades">Crusaders</a> attributed the name "<a href="/wiki/Templum_Domini" title="Templum Domini">Templum Domini</a>" ("Temple of the Lord") to the Dome of the Rock. <div id="toc" class="toc" role="navigation" aria-labelledby="mw-toc-heading"><input type="checkbox" role="button" id="toctogglecheckbox" class="toctogglecheckbox" style="display:none"><div class="toctitle" lang="en" dir="ltr"><h2 id="mw-toc-heading">Contents</h2><label class="toctogglelabel" for="toctogglecheckbox"></label></div> <ul> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-1"><a href="#Etymology">1 Etymology</a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-2"><a href="#First_Temple">2 First Temple</a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-3"><a href="#Second_Temple">3 Second Temple</a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-4"><a href="#Al-Aqsa_and_the_Third_Temple">4 Al-Aqsa and the Third Temple</a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-5"><a href="#Archaeological_evidence">5 Archaeological evidence</a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-6"><a href="#Location">6 Location</a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-7"><a href="#Physical_layout">7 Physical layout</a> <ul> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-8"><a href="#First_Temple_2">7.1 First Temple</a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-9"><a href="#Second_Temple_2">7.2 Second Temple</a></li> </ul> </li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-10"><a href="#Temple_services">8 Temple services</a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-11"><a href="#In_the_Talmud">9 In the Talmud</a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-12"><a href="#Role_in_contemporary_Jewish_services">10 Role in contemporary Jewish services</a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-13"><a href="#Recent_history">11 Recent history</a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-14"><a href="#In_other_religions">12 In other religions</a> <ul> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-15"><a href="#Christianity">12.1 Christianity</a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-16"><a href="#Islam">12.2 Islam</a></li> </ul> </li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-17"><a href="#Building_a_Third_Temple">13 Building a Third Temple</a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-18"><a href="#In_media">14 In media</a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-19"><a href="#See_also">15 See also</a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-20"><a href="#Notes">16 Notes</a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-21"><a href="#References">17 References</a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-22"><a href="#Further_reading">18 Further reading</a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-23"><a href="#External_links">19 External links</a></li> </ul> </div> </section><div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(1)"><h2 id="Etymology">Etymology</h2> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Temple_in_Jerusalem&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Etymology" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div><section class="mf-section-1 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-1"> The Hebrew name given in the <a href="/wiki/Hebrew_Bible" title="Hebrew Bible">Hebrew Bible</a> for the building complex is either Mikdash (<a href="/wiki/Hebrew_language" title="Hebrew language">Hebrew</a>: מקדש), as used in Exodus,<a href="#cite_note-3">[3]</a> or simply Bayt / Beit Adonai (<a href="/wiki/Hebrew_language" title="Hebrew language">Hebrew</a>: בית), as used in 1 Chronicles.<a href="#cite_note-4">[4]</a> In <a href="/wiki/Rabbinic_literature" title="Rabbinic literature">rabbinic literature</a>, the temple sanctuary is called Beit HaMikdash (<a href="/wiki/Hebrew_language" title="Hebrew language">Hebrew</a>: בית המקדש), meaning, "The Holy House", and only the Temple in Jerusalem is referred to by this name.<a href="#cite_note-JVLtemple-5">[5]</a> In classic English texts, however, the word "Temple" is used interchangeably, sometimes having the strict connotation of the Temple precincts, with its courts (<a href="/wiki/Greek_language" title="Greek language">Greek</a>: ἱερὸν), while at other times having the strict connotation of the Temple Sanctuary (<a href="/wiki/Greek_language" title="Greek language">Greek</a>: ναός).<a href="#cite_note-6">[6]</a> While Greek and Hebrew texts make this distinction, English texts do not always do so. Jewish rabbi and philosopher <a href="/wiki/Moses_Maimonides" class="mw-redirect" title="Moses Maimonides">Maimonides</a> gave the following definition of "Temple" in his <a href="/wiki/Mishneh_Torah" title="Mishneh Torah">Mishne Torah</a> (Hil. Beit Ha-Bechirah): <blockquote>They are enjoined to make, in what concerns it (i.e. the building of the Temple), a holy site and an inner-sanctum,<a href="#cite_note-7">[a]</a> and where there is positioned in front of the holy site a certain place that is called a 'Hall' (<a href="/wiki/Hebrew_language" title="Hebrew language">Hebrew</a>: אולם). The three of these places are called 'Sanctuary' (<a href="/wiki/Hebrew_language" title="Hebrew language">Hebrew</a>: היכל). They are [also] enjoined to make a different partition surrounding the Sanctuary, distant from it, similar to the screen-like hangings of the court that were in the wilderness.<a href="#cite_note-8">[7]</a> All that which is surrounded by this partition, which, as noted, is like the court of the <a href="/wiki/Tabernacle" title="Tabernacle">Tabernacle</a>, is called 'Courtyard' (<a href="/wiki/Hebrew_language" title="Hebrew language">Hebrew</a>: עזרה), whereas all of it together is called 'Temple' (<a href="/wiki/Hebrew_language" title="Hebrew language">Hebrew</a>: מקדש) [<abbr style="font-size:85%" title="literal translation">lit.</abbr> 'the Holy Place'].<a href="#cite_note-9">[8]</a><a href="#cite_note-10">[b]</a></blockquote> </section><div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(2)"><h2 id="First_Temple">First Temple</h2> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Temple_in_Jerusalem&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: First Temple" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div><section class="mf-section-2 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-2"> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Solomon%27s_Temple" title="Solomon's Temple">Solomon's Temple</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Bible_manual._Introductory_course_on_the_Bible,_for_teachers_training_classes_and_Bible_classes_(1922)_(14749899816).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><noscript><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f2/Bible_manual._Introductory_course_on_the_Bible%2C_for_teachers_training_classes_and_Bible_classes_%281922%29_%2814749899816%29.jpg/400px-Bible_manual._Introductory_course_on_the_Bible%2C_for_teachers_training_classes_and_Bible_classes_%281922%29_%2814749899816%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="400" height="251" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="2656" data-file-height="1664"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 400px;height: 251px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f2/Bible_manual._Introductory_course_on_the_Bible%2C_for_teachers_training_classes_and_Bible_classes_%281922%29_%2814749899816%29.jpg/400px-Bible_manual._Introductory_course_on_the_Bible%2C_for_teachers_training_classes_and_Bible_classes_%281922%29_%2814749899816%29.jpg" data-width="400" data-height="251" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f2/Bible_manual._Introductory_course_on_the_Bible%2C_for_teachers_training_classes_and_Bible_classes_%281922%29_%2814749899816%29.jpg/600px-Bible_manual._Introductory_course_on_the_Bible%2C_for_teachers_training_classes_and_Bible_classes_%281922%29_%2814749899816%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f2/Bible_manual._Introductory_course_on_the_Bible%2C_for_teachers_training_classes_and_Bible_classes_%281922%29_%2814749899816%29.jpg/800px-Bible_manual._Introductory_course_on_the_Bible%2C_for_teachers_training_classes_and_Bible_classes_%281922%29_%2814749899816%29.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a><figcaption>Model of the <a href="/wiki/Solomon%27s_Temple" title="Solomon's Temple">First Temple</a>, included in a Bible manual for teachers (1922)</figcaption></figure> The Hebrew Bible says that the <a href="/wiki/Solomon%27s_Temple" title="Solomon's Temple">First Temple</a> was built by <a href="/wiki/Solomon" title="Solomon">King Solomon</a>,<a href="#cite_note-ODCC_self-11">[9]</a> completed in 957 BCE.<a href="#cite_note-12">[10]</a> According to the <a href="/wiki/Book_of_Deuteronomy" title="Book of Deuteronomy">Book of Deuteronomy</a>, as the sole place of Israelite <a href="/wiki/Korban" title="Korban">korban</a> (sacrifice),<a href="#cite_note-13">[11]</a> the Temple replaced the <a href="/wiki/Tabernacle" title="Tabernacle">Tabernacle</a> constructed in the <a href="/wiki/Stations_of_the_Exodus" title="Stations of the Exodus">Sinai</a> under the auspices of <a href="/wiki/Moses" title="Moses">Moses</a>, as well as local sanctuaries, and altars in the hills.<a href="#cite_note-14">[12]</a> This Temple was <a href="/wiki/Sack_of_Jerusalem_(10th_century_BC)" class="mw-redirect" title="Sack of Jerusalem (10th century BC)">sacked</a> a few decades later by <a href="/wiki/Shoshenq_I" title="Shoshenq I">Shoshenq I</a>, <a href="/wiki/Pharaoh" title="Pharaoh">Pharaoh</a> of <a href="/wiki/Egypt" title="Egypt">Egypt</a>.<a href="#cite_note-15">[13]</a> Although efforts were made at partial reconstruction, it was only in 835 BCE when <a href="/wiki/Jehoash_of_Judah" title="Jehoash of Judah">Jehoash, King of Judah</a>, in the second year of his reign invested considerable sums in reconstruction, only to have it <a href="/wiki/Assyrian_siege_of_Jerusalem" title="Assyrian siege of Jerusalem">stripped again</a> for <a href="/wiki/Sennacherib" title="Sennacherib">Sennacherib</a>, King of Assyria <abbr title="circa">c.</abbr> 700 BCE.[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed">citation needed</a>] The First Temple was totally destroyed in the <a href="/wiki/Siege_of_Jerusalem_(587_BC)" title="Siege of Jerusalem (587 BC)">Siege of Jerusalem</a> by the <a href="/wiki/Neo-Babylonian_Empire" title="Neo-Babylonian Empire">Neo-Babylonian Empire</a> in 586 BCE.<a href="#cite_note-16">[c]</a> </section><div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(3)"><h2 id="Second_Temple">Second Temple</h2> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Temple_in_Jerusalem&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Second Temple" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div><section class="mf-section-3 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-3"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Second_Temple" title="Second Temple">Second Temple</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Second_Temple.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><noscript><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cd/Second_Temple.jpg/310px-Second_Temple.jpg" decoding="async" width="310" height="233" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="2048" data-file-height="1536"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 310px;height: 233px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cd/Second_Temple.jpg/310px-Second_Temple.jpg" data-width="310" data-height="233" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cd/Second_Temple.jpg/465px-Second_Temple.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cd/Second_Temple.jpg/620px-Second_Temple.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Herod%27s_Temple" class="mw-redirect" title="Herod's Temple">Herod's Temple</a> as imagined in the <a href="/wiki/Holyland_Model_of_Jerusalem" title="Holyland Model of Jerusalem">Holyland Model of Jerusalem</a>. It is currently situated adjacent to the <a href="/wiki/Shrine_of_the_Book" title="Shrine of the Book">Shrine of the Book</a> exhibit at the <a href="/wiki/Israel_Museum" title="Israel Museum">Israel Museum</a> in Jerusalem</figcaption></figure> According to the <a href="/wiki/Book_of_Ezra" title="Book of Ezra">Book of Ezra</a>, construction of the Second Temple was called for by <a href="/wiki/Cyrus_the_Great" title="Cyrus the Great">Cyrus the Great</a> and began in 538 BCE,<a href="#cite_note-Rennert97-17">[14]</a> after the fall of the <a href="/wiki/Neo-Babylonian_Empire" title="Neo-Babylonian Empire">Neo-Babylonian Empire</a> the year before.<a href="#cite_note-18">[15]</a> According to some 19th-century calculations, work started later, in April 536 BCE<a href="#cite_note-19">[16]</a> and was completed on 21 February, 515 BCE, 21 years after the start of the construction. This date is obtained by coordinating Ezra 3:8–10<a href="#cite_note-20">[17]</a> (the third day of <a href="/wiki/Adar" title="Adar">Adar</a>, in the sixth year of the reign of <a href="/wiki/Darius_I" class="mw-redirect" title="Darius I">Darius the Great</a>) with historical sources.<a href="#cite_note-Jamieson-21">[18]</a> The accuracy of these dates is contested by some modern researchers, who consider the biblical text to be of later date and based on a combination of historical records and religious considerations, leading to contradictions between different books of the Bible and making the dates unreliable.<a href="#cite_note-22">[19]</a> The new temple was dedicated by the Jewish governor <a href="/wiki/Zerubbabel" title="Zerubbabel">Zerubbabel</a>. However, with a full reading of the Book of Ezra and the <a href="/wiki/Book_of_Nehemiah" title="Book of Nehemiah">Book of Nehemiah</a>, there were four edicts to build the Second Temple, which were issued by three kings: Cyrus in 536 BCE (Ezra ch. 1), <a href="/wiki/Darius_I" class="mw-redirect" title="Darius I">Darius I</a> of Persia in 519 BCE (ch. 6), and <a href="/wiki/Artaxerxes_I_of_Persia" class="mw-redirect" title="Artaxerxes I of Persia">Artaxerxes I of Persia</a> in 457 BCE (ch. 7), and finally by Artaxerxes again in 444 BCE (Nehemiah ch. 2).<a href="#cite_note-RATIONAL_PROOFS_AND_TRADITIONAL_ARGUMENTS_FROM_THE_SACRED_SCRIPTURES-23">[20]</a> According to classical Jewish sources, another demolition of the Temple was narrowly avoided in 332 BCE when the Jews refused to acknowledge the deification of <a href="/wiki/Alexander_the_Great" title="Alexander the Great">Alexander the Great</a> of Macedonia, but Alexander was placated at the last minute by astute diplomacy and flattery.<a href="#cite_note-24">[21]</a> After the death of Alexander on 13 June 323 BCE, and the dismembering of his empire, the <a href="/wiki/Ptolemaic_Kingdom" title="Ptolemaic Kingdom">Ptolemies</a> came to rule over Judea and the Temple. Under the Ptolemies, the Jews were given many civil liberties and lived content under their rule. However, when the Ptolemaic army was <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Panium" title="Battle of Panium">defeated at Panium</a> by <a href="/wiki/Antiochus_III_the_Great" title="Antiochus III the Great">Antiochus III</a> of the Seleucids in 200 BCE, this policy changed. Antiochus wanted to <a href="/wiki/Hellenization" title="Hellenization">Hellenise</a> the Jews, attempting to introduce the <a href="/wiki/Greek_mythology" title="Greek mythology">Greek pantheon</a> into the temple. Moreover, a rebellion ensued and was brutally crushed, but no further action by Antiochus was taken, and when Antiochus died in 187 BCE at <a href="/wiki/Lorestan_Province" class="mw-redirect" title="Lorestan Province">Luristan</a>, his son <a href="/wiki/Seleucus_IV_Philopator" title="Seleucus IV Philopator">Seleucus IV Philopator</a> succeeded him. However, his policies never took effect in Judea, since he was assassinated the year after his ascension to the throne.[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed">citation needed</a>] <a href="/wiki/Antiochus_IV_Epiphanes" title="Antiochus IV Epiphanes">Antiochus IV Epiphanes</a> succeeded his older brother to the Seleucid throne and immediately adopted his father's previous policy of universal Hellenisation. The Jews rebelled again and Antiochus, in a rage, retaliated in force. Considering the previous episodes of discontent, the Jews became incensed when the religious observances of <a href="/wiki/Biblical_Sabbath" title="Biblical Sabbath">Sabbath</a> and <a href="/wiki/Religious_male_circumcision" class="mw-redirect" title="Religious male circumcision">circumcision</a> were officially outlawed. When Antiochus erected a statue of <a href="/wiki/Zeus" title="Zeus">Zeus</a> in their temple and Hellenic priests began sacrificing <a href="/wiki/Pig" title="Pig">pigs</a> (the usual sacrifice offered to the <a href="/wiki/Greek_god" class="mw-redirect" title="Greek god">Greek gods</a> in the <a href="/wiki/Ancient_Greek_religion" title="Ancient Greek religion">Hellenic religion</a>), their anger began to spiral. When a Greek official ordered a Jewish priest to perform a Hellenic sacrifice, the priest (<a href="/wiki/Mattathias" title="Mattathias">Mattathias</a>) killed him. In 167 BCE, the Jews rose up en masse behind Mattathias and his five sons to fight and won their freedom from Seleucid authority. Mattathias' son <a href="/wiki/Judah_Maccabee" class="mw-redirect" title="Judah Maccabee">Judah Maccabee</a>, now called "The Hammer", re-dedicated the temple in 164 BCE and the Jews celebrate this event to this day as the central theme of the non-biblical festival of <a href="/wiki/Hanukkah" title="Hanukkah">Hanukkah</a>.<a href="#cite_note-ODCC_self-11">[9]</a> During the Roman era, <a href="/wiki/Pompey" title="Pompey">Pompey</a> entered (and thereby desecrated) the <a href="/wiki/Holy_of_Holies" title="Holy of Holies">Holy of Holies</a> in 63 BCE, but left the Temple intact.<a href="#cite_note-25">[22]</a><a href="#cite_note-26">[23]</a><a href="#cite_note-27">[24]</a> In 54 BCE, <a href="/wiki/Marcus_Licinius_Crassus" title="Marcus Licinius Crassus">Crassus</a> looted the Temple treasury.<a href="#cite_note-28">[25]</a><a href="#cite_note-29">[26]</a> Around 20 BCE, the building was renovated and expanded by <a href="/wiki/Herod_the_Great" title="Herod the Great">Herod the Great</a>, and became known as <a href="/wiki/Herod%27s_Temple" class="mw-redirect" title="Herod's Temple">Herod's Temple</a>. It was destroyed by the <a href="/wiki/Roman_Empire" title="Roman Empire">Romans</a> in 70 CE during the <a href="/wiki/Siege_of_Jerusalem_(70_CE)" title="Siege of Jerusalem (70 CE)">Siege of Jerusalem</a>. During the <a href="/wiki/Bar_Kokhba_revolt" title="Bar Kokhba revolt">Bar Kokhba revolt</a> against the Romans in 132–135 CE, <a href="/wiki/Simon_bar_Kokhba" title="Simon bar Kokhba">Simon bar Kokhba</a> and <a href="/wiki/Rabbi_Akiva" title="Rabbi Akiva">Rabbi Akiva</a> wanted to rebuild the Temple, but bar Kokhba's revolt failed and the Jews were banned from Jerusalem (except for <a href="/wiki/Tisha_B%27Av" title="Tisha B'Av">Tisha B'Av</a>) by the Roman Empire. The emperor <a href="/wiki/Julian_(emperor)" title="Julian (emperor)">Julian</a> allowed the Temple to be rebuilt, but the <a href="/wiki/Galilee_earthquake_of_363" class="mw-redirect" title="Galilee earthquake of 363">Galilee earthquake of 363</a> ended all attempts ever since.[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed">citation needed</a>] </section><div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(4)"><h2 id="Al-Aqsa_and_the_Third_Temple">Al-Aqsa and the Third Temple</h2> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Temple_in_Jerusalem&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Al-Aqsa and the Third Temple" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div><section class="mf-section-4 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-4"> By the 7th century, the site had fallen into disrepair under Byzantine rule. After the Muslim conquest of Jerusalem in the 7th century during the <a href="/wiki/Rashidun_Caliphate" title="Rashidun Caliphate">Rashidun Caliphate</a>, a mosque was built by caliph Umar ibn al-Khattab (reigned 634–644 CE) who first cleared the site of debris and then erected a mihrab and simple mosque on the same site as the present mosque. This first mosque construction was known as Masjid al-'Umari. During the <a href="/wiki/Umayyad" class="mw-redirect" title="Umayyad">Umayyad</a> caliphate, the caliph <a href="/wiki/Abd_al-Malik_ibn_Marwan" title="Abd al-Malik ibn Marwan">Abd al-Malik ibn Marwan</a> ordered a renovation of the <a href="/wiki/Islamic" class="mw-redirect" title="Islamic">Islamic</a> mosque, constructing the <a href="/wiki/Dome_of_the_Rock" title="Dome of the Rock">Dome of the Rock</a>, on the Temple Mount. The mosque has stood on the mount since 691 CE; the <a href="/wiki/Qibli_Mosque" class="mw-redirect" title="Qibli Mosque">Jami Al-Aqsa</a>. It has been renovated several times since, including during the Abbasid, Fatimid, Mamluk, and Ottoman eras.<a href="#cite_note-ia-30">[27]</a> </section><div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(5)"><h2 id="Archaeological_evidence">Archaeological evidence</h2> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Temple_in_Jerusalem&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Archaeological evidence" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div><section class="mf-section-5 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-5"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Archaeological_remnants_of_the_Jerusalem_Temple" title="Archaeological remnants of the Jerusalem Temple">Archaeological remnants of the Jerusalem Temple</a></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1237032888/mw-parser-output/.tmulti">.mw-parser-output .tmulti .multiimageinner{display:flex;flex-direction:column}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .trow{display:flex;flex-direction:row;clear:left;flex-wrap:wrap;width:100%;box-sizing:border-box}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .tsingle{margin:1px;float:left}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .theader{clear:both;font-weight:bold;text-align:center;align-self:center;background-color:transparent;width:100%}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .thumbcaption{background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .text-align-left{text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .text-align-right{text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .text-align-center{text-align:center}@media all and (max-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .tmulti .thumbinner{width:100%!important;box-sizing:border-box;max-width:none!important;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .trow{justify-content:center}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .tsingle{float:none!important;max-width:100%!important;box-sizing:border-box;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .tsingle .thumbcaption{text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .trow>.thumbcaption{text-align:center}}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .tmulti .multiimageinner img{background-color:white}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .tmulti .multiimageinner img{background-color:white}}</style><div class="thumb tmulti tright"><div class="thumbinner multiimageinner" style="width:552px;max-width:552px"><div class="trow"><div class="tsingle" style="width:182px;max-width:182px"><div class="thumbimage"><a href="/wiki/File:Jerusalem_Temple_Warning_Inscription.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><noscript><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/60/Jerusalem_Temple_Warning_Inscription.jpg/180px-Jerusalem_Temple_Warning_Inscription.jpg" decoding="async" width="180" height="121" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="3200" data-file-height="2153"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 180px;height: 121px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/60/Jerusalem_Temple_Warning_Inscription.jpg/180px-Jerusalem_Temple_Warning_Inscription.jpg" data-alt="" data-width="180" data-height="121" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/60/Jerusalem_Temple_Warning_Inscription.jpg/270px-Jerusalem_Temple_Warning_Inscription.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/60/Jerusalem_Temple_Warning_Inscription.jpg/360px-Jerusalem_Temple_Warning_Inscription.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a></div><div class="thumbcaption">Jerusalem Temple Warning Inscription</div></div><div class="tsingle" style="width:182px;max-width:182px"><div class="thumbimage"><a href="/wiki/File:Samuel_and_Saidye_Bronfman_Archaeology_WingDSCN5007.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><noscript><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/38/Samuel_and_Saidye_Bronfman_Archaeology_WingDSCN5007.JPG/180px-Samuel_and_Saidye_Bronfman_Archaeology_WingDSCN5007.JPG" decoding="async" width="180" height="240" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="2736" data-file-height="3648"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 180px;height: 240px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/38/Samuel_and_Saidye_Bronfman_Archaeology_WingDSCN5007.JPG/180px-Samuel_and_Saidye_Bronfman_Archaeology_WingDSCN5007.JPG" data-alt="" data-width="180" data-height="240" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/38/Samuel_and_Saidye_Bronfman_Archaeology_WingDSCN5007.JPG/270px-Samuel_and_Saidye_Bronfman_Archaeology_WingDSCN5007.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/38/Samuel_and_Saidye_Bronfman_Archaeology_WingDSCN5007.JPG/360px-Samuel_and_Saidye_Bronfman_Archaeology_WingDSCN5007.JPG 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a></div><div class="thumbcaption">Fragment of the Temple Warning Inscription at the <a href="/wiki/Israel_Museum" title="Israel Museum">Israel Museum</a>.</div></div><div class="tsingle" style="width:182px;max-width:182px"><div class="thumbimage"><a href="/wiki/File:To_the_trumpeting_place.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><noscript><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/50/To_the_trumpeting_place.jpg/180px-To_the_trumpeting_place.jpg" decoding="async" width="180" height="77" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="500" data-file-height="214"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 180px;height: 77px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/50/To_the_trumpeting_place.jpg/180px-To_the_trumpeting_place.jpg" data-alt="" data-width="180" data-height="77" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/50/To_the_trumpeting_place.jpg/270px-To_the_trumpeting_place.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/50/To_the_trumpeting_place.jpg/360px-To_the_trumpeting_place.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a></div><div class="thumbcaption">The <a href="/wiki/Trumpeting_Place_inscription" title="Trumpeting Place inscription">Trumpeting Place inscription</a>, a stone (2.43×1 m) with <a href="/wiki/Hebrew_language" title="Hebrew language">Hebrew</a> writing "To the Trumpeting Place" uncovered during archaeological excavations by <a href="/wiki/Benjamin_Mazar" title="Benjamin Mazar">Benjamin Mazar</a> at the southern foot of the <a href="/wiki/Temple_Mount" title="Temple Mount">Temple Mount</a> is believed to be a part of the complex of the Second Temple.</div></div></div></div></div> Archaeological excavations have found remnants of both the First Temple and the Second Temple. Among the artifacts of the First Temple are dozens of <a href="/wiki/Mikvah" class="mw-redirect" title="Mikvah">ritual immersion pools</a> in this area surrounding the <a href="/wiki/Temple_Mount" title="Temple Mount">Temple Mount</a>,<a href="#cite_note-31">[28]</a> as well as a large square platform identified by architectural archaeologist <a href="/wiki/Leen_Ritmeyer" title="Leen Ritmeyer">Leen Ritmeyer</a> as likely being built by King <a href="/wiki/Hezekiah" title="Hezekiah">Hezekiah</a> <abbr title="circa">c.</abbr> 700 BCE as a gathering area in front of the Temple. Concrete finds from the Second Temple include the <a href="/wiki/Temple_Warning_inscription" title="Temple Warning inscription">Temple Warning inscriptions</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Trumpeting_Place_inscription" title="Trumpeting Place inscription">Trumpeting Place inscription</a>, two surviving pieces of the Herodian expansion of the Temple Mount. The Temple Warning inscriptions forbid the entry of pagans to the Temple, a prohibition also mentioned by the 1st century CE historian <a href="/wiki/Josephus" title="Josephus">Josephus</a>. These inscriptions were on the wall that surrounded the Temple and prevented non-Jews from entering the temple's courtyard. The Trumpeting Place inscription was found at the southwest corner of Temple Mount, and is believed to mark the site where the priests used to declare the advent of Shabbat and other Jewish holidays.<a href="#cite_note-32">[29]</a> Ritual objects used in the temple service were carried off and many are likely located in museum collections, and, in popular conspiracy theories, that of the <a href="/wiki/Vatican_Museums" title="Vatican Museums">Vatican Museums</a>.<a href="#cite_note-33">[30]</a> </section><div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(6)"><h2 id="Location">Location</h2> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Temple_in_Jerusalem&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Location" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div><section class="mf-section-6 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-6"> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:The_rock_of_the_Dome_of_the_Rock_Corrected.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><noscript><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/45/The_rock_of_the_Dome_of_the_Rock_Corrected.jpg/310px-The_rock_of_the_Dome_of_the_Rock_Corrected.jpg" decoding="async" width="310" height="452" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="2750" data-file-height="4011"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 310px;height: 452px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/45/The_rock_of_the_Dome_of_the_Rock_Corrected.jpg/310px-The_rock_of_the_Dome_of_the_Rock_Corrected.jpg" data-width="310" data-height="452" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/45/The_rock_of_the_Dome_of_the_Rock_Corrected.jpg/465px-The_rock_of_the_Dome_of_the_Rock_Corrected.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/45/The_rock_of_the_Dome_of_the_Rock_Corrected.jpg/620px-The_rock_of_the_Dome_of_the_Rock_Corrected.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a><figcaption>The Foundation Stone in the floor of the <a href="/wiki/Dome_of_the_Rock" title="Dome of the Rock">Dome of the Rock</a> shrine in <a href="/wiki/Jerusalem" title="Jerusalem">Jerusalem</a>. The round hole at upper left penetrates to a small cave, known as the <a href="/wiki/Well_of_Souls" title="Well of Souls">Well of Souls</a>, below. The cage-like structure just beyond the hole covers the stairway entrance to the cave (south is towards the top of the image).</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Bottom_of_the_Foundation_Stone.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><noscript><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/21/Bottom_of_the_Foundation_Stone.jpg/310px-Bottom_of_the_Foundation_Stone.jpg" decoding="async" width="310" height="208" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="3872" data-file-height="2592"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 310px;height: 208px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/21/Bottom_of_the_Foundation_Stone.jpg/310px-Bottom_of_the_Foundation_Stone.jpg" data-width="310" data-height="208" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/21/Bottom_of_the_Foundation_Stone.jpg/465px-Bottom_of_the_Foundation_Stone.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/21/Bottom_of_the_Foundation_Stone.jpg/620px-Bottom_of_the_Foundation_Stone.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a><figcaption>The bottom of the Foundation Stone, photo taken from the <a href="/wiki/Well_of_Souls" title="Well of Souls">Well of Souls</a></figcaption></figure> There are three main theories as to where the Temple stood: where the Dome of the Rock is now located, to the north of the Dome of the Rock (Professor Asher Kaufman), or to the east of the Dome of the Rock (Professor Joseph Patrich of the <a href="/wiki/Hebrew_University" class="mw-redirect" title="Hebrew University">Hebrew University</a>).<a href="#cite_note-34">[31]</a> The exact location of the Temple is a contentious issue, as questioning the exact placement of the Temple is often associated with <a href="/wiki/Temple_denial" title="Temple denial">Temple denial</a>. Since the <a href="/wiki/Holy_of_Holies" title="Holy of Holies">Holy of Holies</a> lay at the center of the complex as a whole, the Temple's location is dependent on the location of the Holy of Holies. The location of the Holy of Holies was even a question less than 150 years after the Second Temple's destruction, as detailed in the <a href="/wiki/Talmud" title="Talmud">Talmud</a>. Chapter 54 of the <a href="/wiki/Berakhot_(tractate)" title="Berakhot (tractate)">Tractate Berakhot</a> states that the Holy of Holies was directly aligned with the <a href="/wiki/Golden_Gate_(Jerusalem)" title="Golden Gate (Jerusalem)">Golden Gate</a>, which would have placed the Temple slightly to the north of the Dome of the Rock, as Kaufman postulated.<a href="#cite_note-35">[32]</a> However, chapter 54 of the <a href="/wiki/Yoma" title="Yoma">Tractate Yoma</a> and chapter 26 of the <a href="/wiki/Sanhedrin_(tractate)" title="Sanhedrin (tractate)">Tractate Sanhedrin</a> assert that the Holy of Holies stood directly on the <a href="/wiki/Foundation_Stone" title="Foundation Stone">Foundation Stone</a>, which agrees with the traditional view that the Dome of the Rock stands on the Temple's location.<a href="#cite_note-36">[33]</a><a href="#cite_note-37">[34]</a> </section><div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(7)"><h2 id="Physical_layout">Physical layout</h2> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Temple_in_Jerusalem&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Physical layout" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div><section class="mf-section-7 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-7"> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1251242444">.mw-parser-output .ambox{border:1px solid #a2a9b1;border-left:10px solid #36c;background-color:#fbfbfb;box-sizing:border-box}.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+link+.ambox{margin-top:-1px}html body.mediawiki .mw-parser-output .ambox.mbox-small-left{margin:4px 1em 4px 0;overflow:hidden;width:238px;border-collapse:collapse;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em}.mw-parser-output .ambox-speedy{border-left:10px solid #b32424;background-color:#fee7e6}.mw-parser-output .ambox-delete{border-left:10px solid #b32424}.mw-parser-output .ambox-content{border-left:10px solid #f28500}.mw-parser-output .ambox-style{border-left:10px solid #fc3}.mw-parser-output .ambox-move{border-left:10px solid #9932cc}.mw-parser-output .ambox-protection{border-left:10px solid #a2a9b1}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-text{border:none;padding:0.25em 0.5em;width:100%}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image{border:none;padding:2px 0 2px 0.5em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-imageright{border:none;padding:2px 0.5em 2px 0;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-empty-cell{border:none;padding:0;width:1px}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image-div{width:52px}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .ambox{margin:0 10%}}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .ambox{display:none!important}}</style><table class="box-Religious_text_primary plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-content" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span">This section uses <a href="/wiki/Religious_text" title="Religious text">texts from within a religion or faith system</a> without referring to <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:PSTS" class="mw-redirect" title="Wikipedia:PSTS">secondary sources</a> that critically analyze them. Please help <a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Temple_in_Jerusalem&action=edit">improve this article</a>. (January 2024) (<a href="/wiki/Help:Maintenance_template_removal" title="Help:Maintenance template removal">Learn how and when to remove this message</a>)</div></td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="First_Temple_2">First Temple</h3> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Temple_in_Jerusalem&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: First Temple" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div> The <a href="/wiki/Temple_of_Solomon" class="mw-redirect" title="Temple of Solomon">Temple of Solomon</a> or First Temple consisted of four main elements: <ul><li>the Great or Outer Court, where people assembled to worship;<a href="#cite_note-38">[35]</a></li> <li>the Inner Court<a href="#cite_note-39">[36]</a> or Court of the Priests;<a href="#cite_note-40">[37]</a></li></ul> <dl><dd>and the Temple building itself, with</dd></dl> <ul><li>the larger <a href="/wiki/Solomon%27s_Temple#Sanctuary_(main_chamber)" title="Solomon's Temple">Holy Place</a> (hekhal), called the "greater house"<a href="#cite_note-41">[38]</a> and the "temple"<a href="#cite_note-42">[39]</a> and</li> <li>the smaller "inner sanctum", known as the <a href="/wiki/Holy_of_Holies" title="Holy of Holies">Holy of Holies</a> or Kodesh HaKodashim.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Second_Temple_2">Second Temple</h3> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Temple_in_Jerusalem&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Second Temple" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:TempleStepsMay2009.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><noscript><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/25/TempleStepsMay2009.JPG/310px-TempleStepsMay2009.JPG" decoding="async" width="310" height="233" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="3264" data-file-height="2448"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 310px;height: 233px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/25/TempleStepsMay2009.JPG/310px-TempleStepsMay2009.JPG" data-width="310" data-height="233" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/25/TempleStepsMay2009.JPG/465px-TempleStepsMay2009.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/25/TempleStepsMay2009.JPG/620px-TempleStepsMay2009.JPG 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a><figcaption>Remnants of the 1st-century Stairs of Ascent in front of <a href="/wiki/The_Double_Gate" title="The Double Gate">the Double Gate</a>, discovered by archaeologist <a href="/wiki/Benjamin_Mazar" title="Benjamin Mazar">Benjamin Mazar</a>.</figcaption></figure> In the case of the last and most elaborate structure, the <a href="/wiki/Second_Temple#Herod's_Temple" title="Second Temple">Herodian Temple</a>, the structure consisted of the wider Temple precinct, the restricted Temple courts, and the Temple building itself: <ul><li>Temple precinct, located on the extended Temple Mount platform, and including the Court of the Gentiles</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Court_of_the_women" class="mw-redirect" title="Court of the women">Court of the Women</a> or Ezrat HaNashim</li> <li>Court of the Israelites, reserved for ritually pure Jewish men</li> <li>Court of the Priests, whose relation to the Temple Court is interpreted in different ways by scholars</li> <li>Temple Court or Azarah, with the Brazen Laver (kiyor), the Altar of Burnt Offerings (mizbe'ah), the Place of Slaughtering, and the Temple building itself</li></ul> The Temple edifice had three distinct chambers: <ul><li>Temple vestibule or porch (ulam)</li> <li>Temple sanctuary (<a href="/wiki/Second_Temple#Sanctuary_(%22the_holy%22)" title="Second Temple">hekhal</a> or heikal), the main part of the building</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Holy_of_Holies" title="Holy of Holies">Holy of Holies</a> (Kodesh HaKodashim or debir), the innermost chamber</li></ul> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Temple_sketch2.png" class="mw-file-description"><noscript><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3a/Temple_sketch2.png/310px-Temple_sketch2.png" decoding="async" width="310" height="145" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="1500" data-file-height="703"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 310px;height: 145px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3a/Temple_sketch2.png/310px-Temple_sketch2.png" data-width="310" data-height="145" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3a/Temple_sketch2.png/465px-Temple_sketch2.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3a/Temple_sketch2.png/620px-Temple_sketch2.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a><figcaption>Diagram of the Temple (top of diagram is north)</figcaption></figure> According to the <a href="/wiki/Talmud" title="Talmud">Talmud</a>, the Women's Court was to the east and the main area of the Temple to the west.<a href="#cite_note-43">[40]</a> The main area contained the butchering area for the sacrifices and the Outer Altar on which portions of most offerings were burned. An edifice contained the ulam (antechamber), the <a href="/wiki/Hekhal" class="mw-redirect" title="Hekhal">hekhal</a> (the "sanctuary"), and the <a href="/wiki/Holy_of_Holies" title="Holy of Holies">Holy of Holies</a>. The sanctuary and the Holy of Holies were separated by a wall in the First Temple and by two curtains in the Second Temple. The sanctuary contained the <a href="/wiki/Menorah_(Temple)" class="mw-redirect" title="Menorah (Temple)">seven branched candlestick</a>, the table of <a href="/wiki/Showbread" title="Showbread">showbread</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Altar_(Judaism)#Altar_of_Incense" class="mw-redirect" title="Altar (Judaism)">Incense Altar</a>. The main courtyard had thirteen gates. On the south side, beginning with the southwest corner, there were four gates: <ul><li>The Upper Gate (Sha'ar HaElyon)</li> <li>The Kindling Gate (Sha'ar HaDelek), where wood was brought in</li> <li>The Gate of Firstborns (Sha'ar HaBechorot), where people with first-born animal offerings entered</li> <li>The Water Gate (Sha'ar HaMayim), where the Water Libation entered on <a href="/wiki/Sukkot" title="Sukkot">Sukkot</a>/the Feast of Tabernacles</li></ul> On the north side, beginning with the northwest corner, there were four gates: <ul><li>The Gate of Jeconiah (Sha'ar Yechonyah), where kings of the Davidic line enter and <a href="/wiki/Jeconiah" title="Jeconiah">Jeconiah</a> left for the last time to captivity after being dethroned by the King of Babylon</li> <li>The Gate of the <a href="/wiki/Korban" title="Korban">Offering</a> (Sha'ar HaKorban), where priests entered with kodshei kodashim offerings</li> <li>The <a href="/wiki/Role_of_women_in_Judaism" class="mw-redirect" title="Role of women in Judaism">Women's</a> Gate (Sha'ar HaNashim), where women entered into the Azara or main courtyard to perform offerings<a href="#cite_note-44">[41]</a></li> <li>The Gate of Song (Sha'ar HaShir), where the <a href="/wiki/Levites" class="mw-redirect" title="Levites">Levites</a> entered with their musical instruments.</li></ul> The <a href="/wiki/Hall_of_Hewn_Stones" title="Hall of Hewn Stones">Hall of Hewn Stones</a> (Hebrew: לשכת הגזית Lishkat haGazit), also known as the Chamber of Hewn Stone, was the meeting place, or council-chamber, of the <a href="/wiki/Sanhedrin" title="Sanhedrin">Sanhedrin</a> during the <a href="/wiki/Second_Temple_period" title="Second Temple period">Second Temple period</a> (6th century BCE – 1st century CE). The <a href="/wiki/Talmud" title="Talmud">Talmud</a> deduces that it was built into the north wall of the Temple in Jerusalem, half inside the sanctuary and half outside, with doors providing access both to the temple and to the outside. The chamber is said to have resembled a <a href="/wiki/Basilica" title="Basilica">basilica</a> in appearance,<a href="#cite_note-45">[42]</a> having two entrances: one in the east and one in the west.<a href="#cite_note-46">[43]</a> On the east side was the Gate of Nicanor, between the Women's Courtyard and the main Temple Courtyard, which had two minor doorways, one on its right and one on its left. On the western wall, which was relatively unimportant, there were two gates that did not have any name. The <a href="/wiki/Mishnah" title="Mishnah">Mishnah</a> lists concentric circles of holiness surrounding the Temple: Holy of Holies; Sanctuary; Vestibule; Court of the Priests; Court of the Israelites; Court of the Women; Temple Mount; the walled city of <a href="/wiki/Jerusalem" title="Jerusalem">Jerusalem</a>; all the walled cities of the <a href="/wiki/Land_of_Israel" title="Land of Israel">Land of Israel</a>; and the borders of the Land of Israel. The Talmud speaks also of important presents which Queen <a href="/wiki/Helena_of_Adiabene" title="Helena of Adiabene">Helena of Adiabene</a> gave to the Temple at Jerusalem.<a href="#cite_note-47">[44]</a> "Helena had a golden candlestick made over the door of the Temple," to which statement is added that when the sun rose its rays were reflected from the candlestick and everybody knew that it was the time for reading the Shema'.<a href="#cite_note-48">[45]</a> She also made a golden plate on which was written the passage of the <a href="/wiki/Pentateuch" class="mw-redirect" title="Pentateuch">Pentateuch</a><a href="#cite_note-49">[46]</a> which the Kohen read when a wife suspected of infidelity was brought before him.<a href="#cite_note-50">[47]</a> In the <a href="/wiki/Jerusalem_Talmud" title="Jerusalem Talmud">Jerusalem Talmud</a>, tractate Yoma iii. 8 the candlestick and the plate are confused. </section><div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(8)"><h2 id="Temple_services">Temple services</h2> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Temple_in_Jerusalem&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Temple services" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div><section class="mf-section-8 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-8"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1251242444"><table class="box-Religious_text_primary plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-content" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span">This section uses <a href="/wiki/Religious_text" title="Religious text">texts from within a religion or faith system</a> without referring to <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:PSTS" class="mw-redirect" title="Wikipedia:PSTS">secondary sources</a> that critically analyze them. Please help <a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Temple_in_Jerusalem&action=edit">improve this article</a>. (January 2024) (<a href="/wiki/Help:Maintenance_template_removal" title="Help:Maintenance template removal">Learn how and when to remove this message</a>)</div></td></tr></tbody></table> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Model_of_Second_Temple_made_by_Michael_Osnis_from_Kedumim_1.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><noscript><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/70/Model_of_Second_Temple_made_by_Michael_Osnis_from_Kedumim_1.jpg/350px-Model_of_Second_Temple_made_by_Michael_Osnis_from_Kedumim_1.jpg" decoding="async" width="350" height="616" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="1381" data-file-height="2431"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 350px;height: 616px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/70/Model_of_Second_Temple_made_by_Michael_Osnis_from_Kedumim_1.jpg/350px-Model_of_Second_Temple_made_by_Michael_Osnis_from_Kedumim_1.jpg" data-width="350" data-height="616" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/70/Model_of_Second_Temple_made_by_Michael_Osnis_from_Kedumim_1.jpg/525px-Model_of_Second_Temple_made_by_Michael_Osnis_from_Kedumim_1.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/70/Model_of_Second_Temple_made_by_Michael_Osnis_from_Kedumim_1.jpg/700px-Model_of_Second_Temple_made_by_Michael_Osnis_from_Kedumim_1.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a><figcaption> <a href="/wiki/Replicas_of_the_Jewish_Temple" title="Replicas of the Jewish Temple">Model of Second Temple</a> made by Michael Osnis from Kedumim.</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:04_2022_Roma_(Arco_di_Trionfo_di_Tito-_Bassorilievi)_FO228685_bis_Photo_by_Paolo_Villa.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><noscript><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/05/04_2022_Roma_%28Arco_di_Trionfo_di_Tito-_Bassorilievi%29_FO228685_bis_Photo_by_Paolo_Villa.jpg/350px-04_2022_Roma_%28Arco_di_Trionfo_di_Tito-_Bassorilievi%29_FO228685_bis_Photo_by_Paolo_Villa.jpg" decoding="async" width="350" height="230" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="9264" data-file-height="6096"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 350px;height: 230px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/05/04_2022_Roma_%28Arco_di_Trionfo_di_Tito-_Bassorilievi%29_FO228685_bis_Photo_by_Paolo_Villa.jpg/350px-04_2022_Roma_%28Arco_di_Trionfo_di_Tito-_Bassorilievi%29_FO228685_bis_Photo_by_Paolo_Villa.jpg" data-width="350" data-height="230" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/05/04_2022_Roma_%28Arco_di_Trionfo_di_Tito-_Bassorilievi%29_FO228685_bis_Photo_by_Paolo_Villa.jpg/525px-04_2022_Roma_%28Arco_di_Trionfo_di_Tito-_Bassorilievi%29_FO228685_bis_Photo_by_Paolo_Villa.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/05/04_2022_Roma_%28Arco_di_Trionfo_di_Tito-_Bassorilievi%29_FO228685_bis_Photo_by_Paolo_Villa.jpg/700px-04_2022_Roma_%28Arco_di_Trionfo_di_Tito-_Bassorilievi%29_FO228685_bis_Photo_by_Paolo_Villa.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Arch_of_Titus" title="Arch of Titus">Arch of Titus</a> relief showing the Menorah from the Temple as spoils of the Romans</figcaption></figure> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main articles: <a href="/wiki/Korban" title="Korban">Korban</a> and <a href="/wiki/Ketoret" class="mw-redirect" title="Ketoret">Ketoret</a></div> The Temple was the place where <a href="/wiki/Korban" title="Korban">offerings</a> described in the course of the Hebrew Bible were carried out, including daily morning and afternoon offerings and special offerings on <a href="/wiki/Biblical_Sabbath" title="Biblical Sabbath">Sabbath</a> and <a href="/wiki/Jewish_holidays" title="Jewish holidays">Jewish holidays</a>. <a href="/wiki/Levites" class="mw-redirect" title="Levites">Levites</a> recited <a href="/wiki/Psalms" title="Psalms">Psalms</a> at appropriate moments during the offerings, including the Psalm of the Day, special psalms for the <a href="/wiki/Rosh_Chodesh" title="Rosh Chodesh">new month</a>, and other occasions, the <a href="/wiki/Hallel" title="Hallel">Hallel</a> during major Jewish holidays, and psalms for special sacrifices such as the "Psalm for the Thanksgiving Offering" (<a href="/wiki/Psalm" class="mw-redirect" title="Psalm">Psalm</a> 100). As part of the daily offering, a prayer service was performed in the Temple which was used as the basis of the traditional Jewish <a href="/wiki/Shacharit" title="Shacharit">(morning) service</a> recited to this day, including well-known prayers such as the <a href="/wiki/Shema" title="Shema">Shema</a>, and the <a href="/wiki/Priestly_Blessing" title="Priestly Blessing">Priestly Blessing</a>. The <a href="/wiki/Mishna" class="mw-redirect" title="Mishna">Mishna</a> describes it as follows: <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1244412712">.mw-parser-output .templatequote{overflow:hidden;margin:1em 0;padding:0 32px}.mw-parser-output .templatequotecite{line-height:1.5em;text-align:left;margin-top:0}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .templatequotecite{padding-left:1.6em}}</style><blockquote class="templatequote">The superintendent said to them, bless one benediction! and they blessed, and read the Ten Commandments, and the Shema, "And it shall come to pass if you will hearken", and "And [God] spoke...". They pronounced three benedictions with the people present: "True and firm", and the "Avodah" "Accept, Lord our God, the service of your people Israel, and the fire-offerings of Israel and their prayer receive with favor. Blessed is He who receives the service of His people Israel with favor" (similar to what is today the 17th blessing of the Amidah), and the Priestly Blessing, and on the Sabbath they recited one blessing; "May He who causes His name to dwell in this House, cause to dwell among you love and brotherliness, peace and friendship" on behalf of the weekly Priestly Guard that departed.<div class="templatequotecite">— <cite><a href="/wiki/Mishna" class="mw-redirect" title="Mishna">Mishna</a> <a href="/wiki/Tamid" title="Tamid">Tamid</a> 5:1</cite></div></blockquote> In addition to the sacrifices, the Temple was considered a special location for prayer to God: <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1244412712"><blockquote class="templatequote">When Your people Israel are smitten down before the enemy, when they sin against You, if they turn again to You, and confess Your name, and pray and make supplication to You in this house - may You hear in heaven, and forgive the sin of Your people Israel, and bring them back to the land which You gave to their fathers. ... If there be in the land famine, if there be pestilence, if there be blasting or mildew, locust or caterpillar; if their enemy besiege them in the land of their cities; whatever plague, whatever sickness there be; whatever prayer and supplication be made by any person of all Your people Israel, who shall know every man the plague of his own heart, and spread forth his hands toward this house - may You hear in heaven Your dwelling-place, and forgive, and do, and render to every man according to all his ways, whose heart You know.<a href="#cite_note-51">[48]</a></blockquote> </section><div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(9)"><h2 id="In_the_Talmud">In the Talmud</h2> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Temple_in_Jerusalem&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: In the Talmud" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div><section class="mf-section-9 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-9"> Seder <a href="/wiki/Kodashim" title="Kodashim">Kodashim</a>, the fifth order, or division, of the <a href="/wiki/Mishnah" title="Mishnah">Mishnah</a> (compiled between 200 and 220 CE), provides detailed descriptions and discussions of the religious laws connected with <a class="mw-selflink-fragment" href="#Temple_services">Temple service</a> including the <a href="/wiki/Korban" title="Korban">sacrifices</a>, the Temple and its furnishings, as well as <a href="/wiki/Kohen" title="Kohen">the priests</a> who carried out the duties and ceremonies of its service. <a href="/wiki/Masekhet" title="Masekhet">Tractates</a> of the order deal with the sacrifices of animals, birds, and <a href="/wiki/Gift_offering" title="Gift offering">meal offerings</a>, the laws of bringing a sacrifice, such as the <a href="/wiki/Sin_offering" title="Sin offering">sin offering</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Guilt_offering" title="Guilt offering">guilt offering</a>, and the laws of misappropriation of sacred property. In addition, the order contains a description of the Second Temple (<a href="/wiki/Masekhet" title="Masekhet">tractate</a> <a href="/wiki/Middot_(Talmud)" title="Middot (Talmud)">Middot</a>), and a description and rules about the daily sacrifice service in the Temple (<a href="/wiki/Masekhet" title="Masekhet">tractate</a> <a href="/wiki/Tamid" title="Tamid">Tamid</a>).<a href="#cite_note-Birnbaum-52">[49]</a><a href="#cite_note-Soncino-53">[50]</a><a href="#cite_note-EJ-54">[51]</a> In the <a href="/wiki/Babylonian_Talmud" class="mw-redirect" title="Babylonian Talmud">Babylonian Talmud</a>, all the tractates have <a href="/wiki/Gemara" title="Gemara">Gemara</a> – rabbinical commentary and analysis – for all their chapters; some chapters of Tamid, and none on Middot and Kinnim. The <a href="/wiki/Jerusalem_Talmud" title="Jerusalem Talmud">Jerusalem Talmud</a> has no Gemara on any of the tractates of Kodashim.<a href="#cite_note-Soncino-53">[50]</a><a href="#cite_note-EJ-54">[51]</a> The Talmud (<a href="/wiki/Yoma" title="Yoma">Yoma</a> 9b) describes traditional theological reasons for the destruction: "Why was the first Temple destroyed? Because the three cardinal sins were rampant in society: idol worship, licentiousness, and murder… And why then was the second Temple – wherein the society was involved in Torah, commandments and acts of kindness – destroyed? Because gratuitous hatred was rampant in society."<a href="#cite_note-55">[52]</a><a href="#cite_note-56">[53]</a> </section><div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(10)"><h2 id="Role_in_contemporary_Jewish_services">Role in contemporary Jewish services</h2> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Temple_in_Jerusalem&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: Role in contemporary Jewish services" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div><section class="mf-section-10 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-10"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1251242444"><table class="box-Unreferenced_section plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-content ambox-Unreferenced" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span">This section does not <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citing_sources" title="Wikipedia:Citing sources">cite</a> any <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability" title="Wikipedia:Verifiability">sources</a>. Please help <a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Temple_in_Jerusalem" title="Special:EditPage/Temple in Jerusalem">improve this section</a> by <a href="/wiki/Help:Referencing_for_beginners" title="Help:Referencing for beginners">adding citations to reliable sources</a>. Unsourced material may be challenged and <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability#Burden_of_evidence" title="Wikipedia:Verifiability">removed</a>. (March 2018) (<a href="/wiki/Help:Maintenance_template_removal" title="Help:Maintenance template removal">Learn how and when to remove this message</a>)</div></td></tr></tbody></table> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Jewish_services" class="mw-redirect" title="Jewish services">Jewish services</a></div> Part of the traditional Jewish <a href="/wiki/Shacharit" title="Shacharit">morning</a> service, the part surrounding the Shema prayer, is essentially unchanged from the daily worship service performed in the Temple. In addition, the <a href="/wiki/Amidah" title="Amidah">Amidah</a> prayer traditionally replaces the Temple's daily tamid and special-occasion Mussaf (additional) offerings (there are separate versions for the different types of <a href="/wiki/Sacrifices" class="mw-redirect" title="Sacrifices">sacrifices</a>). They are recited during the times their corresponding offerings were performed in the Temple. The Temple is mentioned extensively in <a href="/wiki/Orthodox_Judaism" title="Orthodox Judaism">Orthodox</a> <a href="/wiki/Jewish_services" class="mw-redirect" title="Jewish services">services</a>. <a href="/wiki/Conservative_Judaism" title="Conservative Judaism">Conservative Judaism</a> retains mentions of the Temple and its restoration, but removes references to the <a href="/wiki/Korban" title="Korban">sacrifices</a>. References to sacrifices on holidays are made in the past tense, and petitions for their restoration are removed. Mentions in Orthodox Jewish services include: <ul><li>A daily recital of Biblical and Talmudic passages related to the <a href="/wiki/Korbanot" class="mw-redirect" title="Korbanot">korbanot</a> (sacrifices) performed in the Temple (See korbanot in <a href="/wiki/Siddur" title="Siddur">siddur</a>).</li> <li>References to the restoration of the Temple and sacrificial worships in the daily <a href="/wiki/Amidah" title="Amidah">Amidah</a> prayer, the central prayer in Judaism.</li> <li>A traditional personal plea for the restoration of the Temple at the end of private recitation of the Amidah.</li> <li>A prayer for the restoration of the "house of our lives" and the <a href="/wiki/Shekhinah" title="Shekhinah">shekhinah</a> (divine presence) "to dwell among us" is recited during the Amidah prayer.</li> <li>Recitation of the Psalm of the day; the <a href="/wiki/Psalm" class="mw-redirect" title="Psalm">psalm</a> sung by the <a href="/wiki/Levite" title="Levite">Levites</a> in the Temple for that day during the daily morning service.</li> <li>Numerous psalms sung as part of the ordinary service make extensive references to the Temple and Temple worship.</li> <li>Recitation of the special <a href="/wiki/Jewish_holidays" title="Jewish holidays">Jewish holiday</a> prayers for the restoration of the Temple and their offering, during the <a href="/wiki/Mussaf" title="Mussaf">Mussaf</a> services on Jewish holidays.</li> <li>An extensive recitation of the <a href="/wiki/Yom_Kippur_Temple_service" title="Yom Kippur Temple service">special Temple service</a> for <a href="/wiki/Yom_Kippur" title="Yom Kippur">Yom Kippur</a> during the service for that holiday.</li> <li>Special services for <a href="/wiki/Sukkot" title="Sukkot">Sukkot</a> (Hakafot) contain extensive (but generally obscure) references to the special Temple service performed on that day.</li></ul> The destruction of the Temple is mourned on the Jewish fast day of <a href="/wiki/Tisha_B%27Av" title="Tisha B'Av">Tisha B'Av</a>. Three other minor fasts (Tenth of <a href="/wiki/Tevet" title="Tevet">Tevet</a>, 17th of <a href="/wiki/Tammuz_(Hebrew_month)" title="Tammuz (Hebrew month)">Tammuz</a>, and Third of <a href="/wiki/Tishrei" title="Tishrei">Tishrei</a>), also mourn events leading to or following the destruction of the Temple. There are also mourning practices which are observed at all times, for example, the requirement to leave part of the house unplastered. </section><div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(11)"><h2 id="Recent_history">Recent history</h2> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Temple_in_Jerusalem&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: Recent history" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div><section class="mf-section-11 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-11"> The Temple Mount, along with the entire Old City of Jerusalem, was captured from Jordan by Israel in 1967 during the <a href="/wiki/Six-Day_War" title="Six-Day War">Six-Day War</a>, allowing Jews once again to visit the holy site.<a href="#cite_note-57">[54]</a><a href="#cite_note-58">[55]</a> Jordan had occupied East Jerusalem and the Temple Mount immediately following Israel's declaration of independence on May 14, 1948. Israel officially unified <a href="/wiki/East_Jerusalem" title="East Jerusalem">East Jerusalem</a>, including the Temple Mount, with the rest of Jerusalem in 1980 under the <a href="/wiki/Jerusalem_Law" title="Jerusalem Law">Jerusalem Law</a>, though <a href="/wiki/United_Nations_Security_Council_Resolution_478" title="United Nations Security Council Resolution 478">United Nations Security Council Resolution 478</a> declared the Jerusalem Law to be in violation of international law.[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed">citation needed</a>] The <a href="/wiki/Jerusalem_Islamic_Waqf" class="mw-redirect" title="Jerusalem Islamic Waqf">Jerusalem Islamic Waqf</a>, based in Jordan, has administrative control of the Temple Mount. </section><div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(12)"><h2 id="In_other_religions">In other religions</h2> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Temple_in_Jerusalem&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: In other religions" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div><section class="mf-section-12 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-12"> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Christianity">Christianity</h3> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Temple_in_Jerusalem&action=edit&section=15" title="Edit section: Christianity" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Jerusalem_in_Christianity" title="Jerusalem in Christianity">Jerusalem in Christianity</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Prospect_des_Temples_Salomonis,_wie_er_von_der_Seiten_des_Berges_Moriae,_anzusehen_gewesen_-_nach..._R.P.Villalpandi_-_Joh._Bernh-_Fischers_v.Erlach,_delin.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><noscript><img alt="An imaginary view of the Temple, on a huge base in the foreground. 1721" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1e/Prospect_des_Temples_Salomonis%2C_wie_er_von_der_Seiten_des_Berges_Moriae%2C_anzusehen_gewesen_-_nach..._R.P.Villalpandi_-_Joh._Bernh-_Fischers_v.Erlach%2C_delin.jpg/310px-Prospect_des_Temples_Salomonis%2C_wie_er_von_der_Seiten_des_Berges_Moriae%2C_anzusehen_gewesen_-_nach..._R.P.Villalpandi_-_Joh._Bernh-_Fischers_v.Erlach%2C_delin.jpg" decoding="async" width="310" height="241" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="2800" data-file-height="2177"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 310px;height: 241px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1e/Prospect_des_Temples_Salomonis%2C_wie_er_von_der_Seiten_des_Berges_Moriae%2C_anzusehen_gewesen_-_nach..._R.P.Villalpandi_-_Joh._Bernh-_Fischers_v.Erlach%2C_delin.jpg/310px-Prospect_des_Temples_Salomonis%2C_wie_er_von_der_Seiten_des_Berges_Moriae%2C_anzusehen_gewesen_-_nach..._R.P.Villalpandi_-_Joh._Bernh-_Fischers_v.Erlach%2C_delin.jpg" data-alt="An imaginary view of the Temple, on a huge base in the foreground. 1721" data-width="310" data-height="241" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1e/Prospect_des_Temples_Salomonis%2C_wie_er_von_der_Seiten_des_Berges_Moriae%2C_anzusehen_gewesen_-_nach..._R.P.Villalpandi_-_Joh._Bernh-_Fischers_v.Erlach%2C_delin.jpg/465px-Prospect_des_Temples_Salomonis%2C_wie_er_von_der_Seiten_des_Berges_Moriae%2C_anzusehen_gewesen_-_nach..._R.P.Villalpandi_-_Joh._Bernh-_Fischers_v.Erlach%2C_delin.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1e/Prospect_des_Temples_Salomonis%2C_wie_er_von_der_Seiten_des_Berges_Moriae%2C_anzusehen_gewesen_-_nach..._R.P.Villalpandi_-_Joh._Bernh-_Fischers_v.Erlach%2C_delin.jpg/620px-Prospect_des_Temples_Salomonis%2C_wie_er_von_der_Seiten_des_Berges_Moriae%2C_anzusehen_gewesen_-_nach..._R.P.Villalpandi_-_Joh._Bernh-_Fischers_v.Erlach%2C_delin.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a><figcaption>An imaginary view of the Temple, on a huge base in the foreground, 1721</figcaption></figure> According to Matthew 24:2,<a href="#cite_note-59">[56]</a> Jesus predicts the destruction of the Second Temple. This idea, of the Temple as the <a href="/wiki/Body_of_Christ" title="Body of Christ">body of Christ</a>, became a rich and multi-layered theme in medieval Christian thought (where Temple/body can be the heavenly body of Christ, the <a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/ecclesial" class="extiw" title="wikt:ecclesial">ecclesial</a> body of the Church, and the Eucharistic body on the altar).<a href="#cite_note-60">[57]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Islam">Islam</h3> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Temple_in_Jerusalem&action=edit&section=16" title="Edit section: Islam" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div> The Temple Mount bears significance in Islam as it acted as a sanctuary for the Hebrew prophets and the <a href="/wiki/Children_of_Israel" class="mw-redirect" title="Children of Israel">Israelites</a>. Islamic tradition says that a temple was first built on the Temple Mount by <a href="/wiki/Islamic_view_of_Solomon" class="mw-redirect" title="Islamic view of Solomon">Solomon</a>, the son of <a href="/wiki/Islamic_view_of_David" class="mw-redirect" title="Islamic view of David">David</a>. After the destruction of the second temple, it was rebuilt by the second <a href="/wiki/Rashidun_Caliphate" title="Rashidun Caliphate">Rashidun Caliph</a>, <a href="/wiki/Omar" class="mw-redirect" title="Omar">Omar</a>, which stands until today as <a href="/wiki/Qibli_Mosque" class="mw-redirect" title="Qibli Mosque">Al-Aqsa Mosque</a>. Traditionally referred to as the "Farthest Mosque" (al-masjid al-aqṣa' literally "utmost site of bowing (in worship)" though the term now refers specifically to <a href="/wiki/Al-Qibli_Chapel" class="mw-redirect" title="Al-Qibli Chapel">the mosque in the southern wall</a> of the compound which today is known simply as al-haram ash-sharīf "the noble sanctuary"), the site is seen as the destination of <a href="/wiki/Muhammad" title="Muhammad">Muhammad</a>'s <a href="/wiki/Isra_and_Mi%27raj" class="mw-redirect" title="Isra and Mi'raj">Night Journey</a>, one of the most significant events recounted in the <a href="/wiki/Quran" title="Quran">Quran</a> and the place of his ascent <a href="/wiki/Seven_Heavens" class="mw-redirect" title="Seven Heavens">heavenwards</a> thereafter (<a href="/wiki/Mi%27raj" class="mw-redirect" title="Mi'raj">Mi'raj</a>). Muslims view the Temple in Jerusalem as their inheritance, being the followers of the last prophet of God and believers in every prophet sent, including the prophets Moses and Solomon. To Muslims, <a href="/wiki/Qibli_Mosque" class="mw-redirect" title="Qibli Mosque">Al-Aqsa Mosque</a> is not built on top of the temple, rather, it is the Third Temple, and they are the true believers who worship in it, whereas Jews and Christians are disbelievers who do not believe in God's final prophets <a href="/wiki/Jesus" title="Jesus">Jesus</a> and <a href="/wiki/Muhammad" title="Muhammad">Muhammad</a>.<a href="#cite_note-rts-61">[58]</a><a href="#cite_note-halaqa-62">[59]</a> In Islam, Muslims are encouraged to visit Jerusalem and pray at Al-Aqsa Mosque. There are over forty <a href="/wiki/Hadith" title="Hadith">hadith</a> about Al-Aqsa Mosque and the virtue of visiting and praying in it, or at least sending oil to light its lamps. In a hadith compiled by <a href="/wiki/Al-Tabarani" title="Al-Tabarani">Al-Tabarani</a>, <a href="/wiki/Bayhaqi" title="Bayhaqi">Bayhaqi</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Suyuti" class="mw-redirect" title="Suyuti">Suyuti</a>, the Prophet Muhammad said, "A prayer in <a href="/wiki/Masjid_al-Haram" title="Masjid al-Haram">Makkah (Ka’bah)</a> is worth 1,000,000 times (reward), a prayer in <a href="/wiki/Al-Masjid_an-Nabawi" class="mw-redirect" title="Al-Masjid an-Nabawi">my mosque (Madinah)</a> is worth 1,000 times and a prayer in Al-Aqsa Sanctuary is worth 500 times more reward than anywhere else." Another hadith compiled by imams <a href="/wiki/Muhammad_al-Bukhari" title="Muhammad al-Bukhari">Muhammad al-Bukhari</a>, <a href="/wiki/Muslim_ibn_al-Hajjaj" title="Muslim ibn al-Hajjaj">Muslim</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Abu_Dawud_al-Sijistani" title="Abu Dawud al-Sijistani">Abu Dawud</a> expounds on the importance of visiting the holy site. In another hadith the prophet Muhammad said, "You should not undertake a special journey to visit any place other than the following three Masjids with the expectations of getting greater reward: the Sacred Masjid of Makkah (Ka’bah), this Masjid of mine (the Prophet’s Masjid in Madinah), and Masjid Al-Aqsa (of Jerusalem)."<a href="#cite_note-sabeel-63">[60]</a> According to <a href="/wiki/Hossein_Nasr" class="mw-redirect" title="Hossein Nasr">Seyyed Hossein Nasr</a>, professor of Islamic Studies at George Washington University, Jerusalem (i.e., the Temple Mount) has the significance as a holy site/sanctuary ("<a href="/wiki/Haram_(site)" title="Haram (site)">haram</a>") for Muslims primarily in three ways, the first two being connected to the Temple.<a href="#cite_note-64">[61]</a> First, Muhammad (and his companions) prayed facing the Temple in Jerusalem (referred to as "Bayt Al-Maqdis", in the <a href="/wiki/Hadith" title="Hadith">Hadiths</a>) similar to the Jews before changing it to the <a href="/wiki/Kaaba" title="Kaaba">Kaaba</a> in Mecca sixteen months after arriving in <a href="/wiki/Medina" title="Medina">Medina</a> following the verses revealed (Sura 2:144, 149–150). Secondly, during the Meccan part of his life, he reported to have been to Jerusalem by night and prayed in the Temple, as the first part of his otherworldly journey (<a href="/wiki/Isra_and_Mi%27raj" class="mw-redirect" title="Isra and Mi'raj">Isra and Mi'raj</a>). Imam <a href="/wiki/Abdul_Hadi_Palazzi" title="Abdul Hadi Palazzi">Abdul Hadi Palazzi</a>, leader of Italian Muslim Assembly, quotes the Quran to support Judaism's special connection to the Temple Mount. According to Palazzi, "The most authoritative Islamic sources affirm the Temples". He adds that Jerusalem is sacred to Muslims because of its prior holiness to Jews and its standing as home to the biblical prophets and kings David and Solomon, all of whom he says are sacred figures in Islam. He claims that the Quran "expressly recognizes that Jerusalem plays the same role for Jews that Mecca has for Muslims".<a href="#cite_note-margolis-65">[62]</a> </section><div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(13)"><h2 id="Building_a_Third_Temple">Building a Third Temple</h2> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Temple_in_Jerusalem&action=edit&section=17" title="Edit section: Building a Third Temple" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div><section class="mf-section-13 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-13"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Third_Temple" title="Third Temple">Third Temple</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Visionary_Ezekiel_Temple.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><noscript><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1e/Visionary_Ezekiel_Temple.jpg/400px-Visionary_Ezekiel_Temple.jpg" decoding="async" width="400" height="338" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="524" data-file-height="443"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 400px;height: 338px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1e/Visionary_Ezekiel_Temple.jpg/400px-Visionary_Ezekiel_Temple.jpg" data-width="400" data-height="338" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/1/1e/Visionary_Ezekiel_Temple.jpg 1.5x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a><figcaption>Ezekiel's Temple as imagined by <a href="/wiki/Charles_Chipiez" title="Charles Chipiez">Charles Chipiez</a> in the 19th century.</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Ground_Plan_of_Ezekiel%27s_Temple.png" class="mw-file-description"><noscript><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ec/Ground_Plan_of_Ezekiel%27s_Temple.png/310px-Ground_Plan_of_Ezekiel%27s_Temple.png" decoding="async" width="310" height="293" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="1532" data-file-height="1448"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 310px;height: 293px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ec/Ground_Plan_of_Ezekiel%27s_Temple.png/310px-Ground_Plan_of_Ezekiel%27s_Temple.png" data-width="310" data-height="293" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ec/Ground_Plan_of_Ezekiel%27s_Temple.png/465px-Ground_Plan_of_Ezekiel%27s_Temple.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ec/Ground_Plan_of_Ezekiel%27s_Temple.png/620px-Ground_Plan_of_Ezekiel%27s_Temple.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a><figcaption>"Ground Plan of Ezekiel's Temple" by dispensationalist author <a href="/wiki/Arno_Clemens_Gaebelein" class="mw-redirect" title="Arno Clemens Gaebelein">A. C. Gaebelein</a></figcaption></figure> Ever since the Second Temple's destruction, a prayer for the construction of a Third Temple has been a formal and mandatory part of the thrice-daily <a href="/wiki/Jewish_prayer" title="Jewish prayer">Jewish prayer</a> services. However, the question of whether and when to construct the Third Temple is disputed both within the Jewish community and without; groups within Judaism argue both for and against construction of a new Temple, while the expansion of <a href="/wiki/Abrahamic_religions" title="Abrahamic religions">Abrahamic religion</a> since the 1st century CE has made the issue <a href="/wiki/Religious_significance_of_Jerusalem" title="Religious significance of Jerusalem">contentious</a> within <a href="/wiki/Christianity" title="Christianity">Christian</a> and <a href="/wiki/Islam" title="Islam">Islamic</a> thought as well. Furthermore, the complicated <a href="/wiki/Positions_on_Jerusalem" class="mw-redirect" title="Positions on Jerusalem">political status of Jerusalem</a> makes reconstruction difficult, while Al-Aqsa Mosque and the Dome of the Rock have been constructed at the traditional physical location of the Temple. In 363 CE, the Roman emperor <a href="/wiki/Julian_the_Apostate" class="mw-redirect" title="Julian the Apostate">Julian</a> had ordered <a href="/wiki/Alypius_of_Antioch" title="Alypius of Antioch">Alypius of Antioch</a> to rebuild the Temple as part of his campaign to strengthen non-Christian religions.<a href="#cite_note-66">[63]</a> The attempt failed, with contemporary accounts mentioning divine fire falling from Heaven but also perhaps due to sabotage, an accidental fire, or an <a href="/wiki/Galilee_earthquake_of_363" class="mw-redirect" title="Galilee earthquake of 363">earthquake in Galilee</a>. The <a href="/wiki/Book_of_Ezekiel" title="Book of Ezekiel">Book of Ezekiel</a> prophesies what would be the Third Temple, noting it as an eternal house of prayer and describing it in detail. </section><div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(14)"><h2 id="In_media">In media</h2> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Temple_in_Jerusalem&action=edit&section=18" title="Edit section: In media" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div><section class="mf-section-14 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-14"> A journalistic depiction of the controversies around the Jerusalem Temple was presented in the 2010 documentary Lost Temple by Serge Grankin. The film contains interviews with religious and academic authorities involved in the issue. German journalist Dirk-Martin Heinzelmann, featured in the film, presents the point of view of Prof. Joseph Patrich (the Hebrew University), stemming from the underground cistern mapping made by <a href="/wiki/Charles_William_Wilson" title="Charles William Wilson">Charles William Wilson</a> (1836–1905).<a href="#cite_note-67">[64]</a> </section><div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(15)"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Temple_in_Jerusalem&action=edit&section=19" title="Edit section: See also" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div><section class="mf-section-15 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-15"> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239009302">.mw-parser-output .portalbox{padding:0;margin:0.5em 0;display:table;box-sizing:border-box;max-width:175px;list-style:none}.mw-parser-output .portalborder{border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#a2a9b1);padding:0.1em;background:var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa)}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-entry{display:table-row;font-size:85%;line-height:110%;height:1.9em;font-style:italic;font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-image{display:table-cell;padding:0.2em;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-link{display:table-cell;padding:0.2em 0.2em 0.2em 0.3em;vertical-align:middle}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .portalleft{clear:left;float:left;margin:0.5em 1em 0.5em 0}.mw-parser-output .portalright{clear:right;float:right;margin:0.5em 0 0.5em 1em}}</style><ul role="navigation" aria-label="Portals" class="noprint portalbox portalborder portalright"> <li class="portalbox-entry"><noscript><img alt="flag" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d4/Flag_of_Israel.svg/32px-Flag_of_Israel.svg.png" decoding="async" width="32" height="23" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="1100" data-file-height="800"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 32px;height: 23px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d4/Flag_of_Israel.svg/32px-Flag_of_Israel.svg.png" data-alt="flag" data-width="32" data-height="23" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d4/Flag_of_Israel.svg/48px-Flag_of_Israel.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d4/Flag_of_Israel.svg/64px-Flag_of_Israel.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> <a href="/wiki/Portal:Israel" title="Portal:Israel">Israel portal</a></li><li class="portalbox-entry"><noscript><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/49/Star_of_David.svg/24px-Star_of_David.svg.png" decoding="async" width="24" height="28" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="693"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 24px;height: 28px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/49/Star_of_David.svg/24px-Star_of_David.svg.png" data-alt="" data-width="24" data-height="28" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/49/Star_of_David.svg/36px-Star_of_David.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/49/Star_of_David.svg/48px-Star_of_David.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> <a href="/wiki/Portal:Judaism" title="Portal:Judaism">Judaism portal</a></li></ul> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Jewish_Temple_at_Elephantine" class="mw-redirect" title="Jewish Temple at Elephantine">Jewish Temple at Elephantine</a> (7th? 6th? – mid-4th century BCE)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jewish_Temple_of_Leontopolis" class="mw-redirect" title="Jewish Temple of Leontopolis">Jewish Temple of Leontopolis</a> (c. 170 BCE – 73 CE)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Temple_of_Solomon_(S%C3%A3o_Paulo)" title="Temple of Solomon (São Paulo)">Temple of Solomon (São Paulo)</a>, a replica built by a Brazil-based church</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Synagogue" title="Synagogue">Synagogue</a></li></ul> <dl><dd></dd> <dd>Similar Iron Age temples from the region</dd></dl> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ain_Dara_(archaeological_site)" title="Ain Dara (archaeological site)">'Ain Dara</a> temple<a href="#cite_note-Hess1999-68">[65]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ebla" title="Ebla">Ebla</a> (Temple D)<a href="#cite_note-Hess1999-68">[65]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Emar" title="Emar">Emar</a> temple<a href="#cite_note-Hess1999-68">[65]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mumbaqat" title="Mumbaqat">Mumbaqat</a> temple<a href="#cite_note-Hess1999-68">[65]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tell_Tayinat" title="Tell Tayinat">Tell Tayinat</a> temple (8th century BCE)<a href="#cite_note-Hess1999-68">[65]</a></li></ul> </section><div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(16)"><h2 id="Notes">Notes</h2> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Temple_in_Jerusalem&action=edit&section=20" title="Edit section: Notes" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div><section class="mf-section-16 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-16"> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist reflist-lower-alpha"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-7"><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a> Lit. "holy of holies" </li> <li id="cite_note-10"><a href="#cite_ref-10">^</a> The historian <a href="/wiki/Josephus" title="Josephus">Josephus</a> echoes this same theme, when he writes <a href="/wiki/The_Jewish_War" title="The Jewish War">The Jewish War</a> 5.5.2. (5.193–194): "When one proceeds through the cloisters to the second court of the temple, there was a stone partition all round, whose height was three cubits and of most elegant construction. Upon it stood pillars, at equal distances from one another, declaring the law of purity, some in Greek and some in Roman letters, that 'no foreigner should go within the Holy Place,' for that second [court of the] temple was called 'the Holy Place,' and was ascended to by fourteen steps from the first court." </li> <li id="cite_note-16"><a href="#cite_ref-16">^</a> New American Oxford Dictionary: "Temple". </li> </ol></div></div> </section><div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(17)"><h2 id="References">References</h2> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Temple_in_Jerusalem&action=edit&section=21" title="Edit section: References" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div><section class="mf-section-17 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-17"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239543626"><div class="reflist reflist-columns references-column-width" style="column-width: 30em;"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFMillerHayes2006" class="citation book cs1">Miller, J. Maxwell; Hayes, John H. (2006). A History of Ancient Israel and Judah (2nd ed.). Louisville, Kentucky: Westminster John Knox Press. pp. 478ff. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0664223588" title="Special:BookSources/978-0664223588"><bdi>978-0664223588</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=A+History+of+Ancient+Israel+and+Judah&rft.place=Louisville%2C+Kentucky&rft.pages=478ff&rft.edition=2nd&rft.pub=Westminster+John+Knox+Press&rft.date=2006&rft.isbn=978-0664223588&rft.aulast=Miller&rft.aufirst=J.+Maxwell&rft.au=Hayes%2C+John+H.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATemple+in+Jerusalem" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.haaretz.com/jewish/2014-08-11/ty-article/.premium/history-of-the-temple-in-jerusalem/0000017f-dc6e-db5a-a57f-dc6e83360000">"The History of the Jewish Temple in Jerusalem"</a>. Haaretz. Retrieved 2 October 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Haaretz&rft.atitle=The+History+of+the+Jewish+Temple+in+Jerusalem&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.haaretz.com%2Fjewish%2F2014-08-11%2Fty-article%2F.premium%2Fhistory-of-the-temple-in-jerusalem%2F0000017f-dc6e-db5a-a57f-dc6e83360000&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATemple+in+Jerusalem" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://mechon-mamre.org/p/pt/pt0225.htm#8">Exodus 25:8</a> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://mechon-mamre.org/p/pt/pt25a22.htm#11">1 Chronicles 22:11</a> </li> <li id="cite_note-JVLtemple-5"><a href="#cite_ref-JVLtemple_5-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.jewishvirtuallibrary.org/the-jewish-temple-beit-hamikdash">"The Jewish Temple (Beit HaMikdash)"</a>. www.jewishvirtuallibrary.org. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180124071514/http://www.jewishvirtuallibrary.org/the-jewish-temple-beit-hamikdash">Archived</a> from the original on 24 January 2018. Retrieved 23 January 2018.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.jewishvirtuallibrary.org&rft.atitle=The+Jewish+Temple+%28Beit+HaMikdash%29&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.jewishvirtuallibrary.org%2Fthe-jewish-temple-beit-hamikdash&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATemple+in+Jerusalem" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWilliamson1980" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/G._A._Williamson" title="G. A. Williamson">Williamson, G. A.</a>, ed. (1980). Josephus – The Jewish War. Middlesex, U.K.: The Penguin Classics. p. 290 (note 2). <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/633813720">633813720</a>. <q>Throughout this translation 'Sanctuary' represents Greek naos and denotes the central shrine, while 'Temple' represents hieron and includes the courts, colonnades, etc. surrounding the shrine.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Josephus+%E2%80%93+The+Jewish+War&rft.place=Middlesex%2C+U.K.&rft.pages=290+%28note+2%29&rft.pub=The+Penguin+Classics&rft.date=1980&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F633813720&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATemple+in+Jerusalem" class="Z3988"> (<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.worldcat.org/oclc/1170073907">1170073907</a>) (reprint) </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><a href="#cite_ref-8">^</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://mechon-mamre.org/p/pt/pt0239.htm#40">Exodus 39:40</a> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><a href="#cite_ref-9">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMaimonides1974" class="citation book cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a href="/wiki/Maimonides" title="Maimonides">Maimonides</a> (1974). Sefer Mishneh Torah – HaYad Ha-Chazakah (Maimonides' Code of Jewish Law) (in Hebrew). Vol. 4. Jerusalem: Pe'er HaTorah.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Sefer+Mishneh+Torah+%E2%80%93+HaYad+Ha-Chazakah+%28Maimonides%27+Code+of+Jewish+Law%29&rft.place=Jerusalem&rft.pub=Pe%27er+HaTorah&rft.date=1974&rft.au=Maimonides&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATemple+in+Jerusalem" class="Z3988">, s.v. Hil. Beit Ha-Bechirah 1:5 </li> <li id="cite_note-ODCC_self-11">^ <a href="#cite_ref-ODCC_self_11-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-ODCC_self_11-1">b</a> "Temple, the." Cross, F. L., ed. The Oxford Dictionary of the Christian Church. New York: Oxford University Press. 2005 </li> <li id="cite_note-12"><a href="#cite_ref-12">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.britannica.com/topic/Temple-of-Jerusalem">"Temple of Jerusalem | Description, History, & Significance"</a>. Encyclopedia Britannica. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20201020123151/https://www.britannica.com/topic/Temple-of-Jerusalem">Archived</a> from the original on 20 October 2020. Retrieved 26 October 2020.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Encyclopedia+Britannica&rft.atitle=Temple+of+Jerusalem+%7C+Description%2C+History%2C+%26+Significance&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.britannica.com%2Ftopic%2FTemple-of-Jerusalem&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATemple+in+Jerusalem" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-13"><a href="#cite_ref-13">^</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://bible.oremus.org/?passage=Deuteronomy%2012:2%E2%80%9327&version=nrsv">Deuteronomy 12:2–27</a> </li> <li id="cite_note-14"><a href="#cite_ref-14">^</a> <a href="/wiki/Will_Durant" title="Will Durant">Durant, Will</a>. Our Oriental Heritage. New York: Simon and Schuster. 1954. p. 307. See 1 Kings 3:2. </li> <li id="cite_note-15"><a href="#cite_ref-15">^</a> Oxford History of Ancient Egypt, p. 335, Oxford 2000 </li> <li id="cite_note-Rennert97-17"><a href="#cite_ref-Rennert97_17-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFShalem1997" class="citation web cs1">Shalem, Yisrael (1997). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.biu.ac.il/JS/rennert/history_4.html">"Second Temple Period (538 BCE to 70 CE): Persian Rule"</a>. Jerusalem: Life Throughout the Ages in a Holy City. <a href="/wiki/Ramat-Gan" class="mw-redirect" title="Ramat-Gan">Ramat-Gan</a>, Israel: Ingeborg Rennert Center for Jerusalem Studies, <a href="/wiki/Bar-Ilan_University" title="Bar-Ilan University">Bar-Ilan University</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20181103074019/https://www.biu.ac.il/js/rennert/history_4.html">Archived</a> from the original on 3 November 2018. Retrieved 8 January 2020.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Jerusalem%3A+Life+Throughout+the+Ages+in+a+Holy+City&rft.atitle=Second+Temple+Period+%28538+BCE+to+70+CE%29%3A+Persian+Rule.&rft.date=1997&rft.aulast=Shalem&rft.aufirst=Yisrael&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.biu.ac.il%2FJS%2Frennert%2Fhistory_4.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATemple+in+Jerusalem" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-18"><a href="#cite_ref-18">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWaters2014" class="citation book cs1">Waters, Matt (2014). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=EjhEAgAAQBAJ&pg=PA212">Ancient Persia: A Concise History of the Achaemenid Empire, 550–330 BCE</a>. Cambridge University Press. p. 212. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-107-00960-8" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-107-00960-8"><bdi>978-1-107-00960-8</bdi></a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200309080449/https://books.google.com/books?id=EjhEAgAAQBAJ&pg=PA212">Archived</a> from the original on 9 March 2020. Retrieved 8 January 2020.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Ancient+Persia%3A+A+Concise+History+of+the+Achaemenid+Empire%2C+550%E2%80%93330+BCE&rft.pages=212&rft.pub=Cambridge+University+Press&rft.date=2014&rft.isbn=978-1-107-00960-8&rft.aulast=Waters&rft.aufirst=Matt&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DEjhEAgAAQBAJ%26pg%3DPA212&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATemple+in+Jerusalem" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-19"><a href="#cite_ref-19">^</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://bible.oremus.org/?passage=Haggai%201:15&version=nrsv">Haggai 1:15</a> </li> <li id="cite_note-20"><a href="#cite_ref-20">^</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://bible.oremus.org/?passage=Ezra%203:8%E2%80%9310&version=nrsv">Ezra 3:8–10</a> </li> <li id="cite_note-Jamieson-21"><a href="#cite_ref-Jamieson_21-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFJamiesonFaussetBrown1882" class="citation web cs1">Jamieson, Robert; <a href="/wiki/Andrew_Robert_Fausset" title="Andrew Robert Fausset">Fausset, A. R.</a>; <a href="/wiki/David_Brown_(Free_Church_of_Scotland)" title="David Brown (Free Church of Scotland)">Brown, David</a> (1882). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://biblehub.com/commentaries/jfb/ezra/6.htm">"Ezra 6:13–15. The Temple Finished"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Jamieson-Fausset-Brown_Bible_Commentary" title="Jamieson-Fausset-Brown Bible Commentary">A Commentary, Critical, Practical, and Explanatory on the Old and New Testaments</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20191101063026/https://biblehub.com/commentaries/jfb/ezra/6.htm">Archived</a> from the original on 1 November 2019. Retrieved 8 January 2020 – via BibleHub.com.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=A+Commentary%2C+Critical%2C+Practical%2C+and+Explanatory+on+the+Old+and+New+Testaments&rft.atitle=Ezra+6%3A13%E2%80%9315.+The+Temple+Finished.&rft.date=1882&rft.aulast=Jamieson&rft.aufirst=Robert&rft.au=Fausset%2C+A.+R.&rft.au=Brown%2C+David&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbiblehub.com%2Fcommentaries%2Fjfb%2Fezra%2F6.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATemple+in+Jerusalem" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-22"><a href="#cite_ref-22">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFEdelman2014" class="citation book cs1">Edelman, Diana (2014). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=T5zCBQAAQBAJ&pg=PA103">"The Seventy-Year Tradition Revisited"</a>. The Origins of the 'Second' Temple: Persion Imperial Policy and the Rebuilding of Jerusalem (reprint, revised ed.). Routledge. pp. 103–104. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-84553-016-7" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-84553-016-7"><bdi>978-1-84553-016-7</bdi></a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200311114702/https://books.google.com/books?id=T5zCBQAAQBAJ&pg=PA103">Archived</a> from the original on 11 March 2020. Retrieved 8 January 2020.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=The+Seventy-Year+Tradition+Revisited&rft.btitle=The+Origins+of+the+%27Second%27+Temple%3A+Persion+Imperial+Policy+and+the+Rebuilding+of+Jerusalem&rft.pages=103-104&rft.edition=reprint%2C+revised&rft.pub=Routledge&rft.date=2014&rft.isbn=978-1-84553-016-7&rft.aulast=Edelman&rft.aufirst=Diana&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DT5zCBQAAQBAJ%26pg%3DPA103&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATemple+in+Jerusalem" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-RATIONAL_PROOFS_AND_TRADITIONAL_ARGUMENTS_FROM_THE_SACRED_SCRIPTURES-23"><a href="#cite_ref-RATIONAL_PROOFS_AND_TRADITIONAL_ARGUMENTS_FROM_THE_SACRED_SCRIPTURES_23-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREF'Abdu'l-Baha" class="citation book cs1">'Abdu'l-Baha (ed.). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.bahai.org/library/authoritative-texts/abdul-baha/some-answered-questions/#f=f4-151">Some Answered Questions</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210211235108/https://www.bahai.org/library/authoritative-texts/abdul-baha/some-answered-questions/#f=f4-151">Archived</a> from the original on 11 February 2021. Retrieved 10 December 2016.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Some+Answered+Questions&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.bahai.org%2Flibrary%2Fauthoritative-texts%2Fabdul-baha%2Fsome-answered-questions%2F%23f%3Df4-151&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATemple+in+Jerusalem" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-24"><a href="#cite_ref-24">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ou.org/judaism-101/bios/leaders-in-the-talmudic-period/shimon-hatzaddik/">"Shimon HaTzaddik"</a>. Orthodox Union. 14 June 2006. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200814143903/https://www.ou.org/judaism-101/bios/leaders-in-the-talmudic-period/shimon-hatzaddik/">Archived</a> from the original on 14 August 2020. Retrieved 3 September 2020.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Orthodox+Union&rft.atitle=Shimon+HaTzaddik&rft.date=2006-06-14&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ou.org%2Fjudaism-101%2Fbios%2Fleaders-in-the-talmudic-period%2Fshimon-hatzaddik%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATemple+in+Jerusalem" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-25"><a href="#cite_ref-25">^</a> Josephus, The New Complete Works, translated by William Whiston, Kregel Publications, 1999, "Antiquites" Book 14:4, pp. 459–460 </li> <li id="cite_note-26"><a href="#cite_ref-26">^</a> Michael Grant, The Jews in the Roman World, Barnes & Noble, 1973, p. 54 </li> <li id="cite_note-27"><a href="#cite_ref-27">^</a> Peter Richardson, Herod: King of the Jews and Friend of the Romans, Univ. of South Carolina Press, 1996, pp. 98–99 </li> <li id="cite_note-28"><a href="#cite_ref-28">^</a> Josephus, The New Complete Works, translated by William Whiston, <a href="/wiki/Kregel_Publications" title="Kregel Publications">Kregel Publications</a>, 1999, "Antiquites" Book 14:7, p. 463 </li> <li id="cite_note-29"><a href="#cite_ref-29">^</a> Michael Grant, The Jews in the Roman World, Barnes & Noble, 1973, p. 58 </li> <li id="cite_note-ia-30"><a href="#cite_ref-ia_30-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://islamicart.museumwnf.org/database_item.php?id=monument;ISL;pa;Mon01;3;en">"Aqsa Mosque – Discover Islamic Art – Virtual Museum"</a>. islamicart.museumwnf.org. Retrieved 1 September 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=islamicart.museumwnf.org&rft.atitle=Aqsa+Mosque+%E2%80%93+Discover+Islamic+Art+%E2%80%93+Virtual+Museum&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fislamicart.museumwnf.org%2Fdatabase_item.php%3Fid%3Dmonument%3BISL%3Bpa%3BMon01%3B3%3Ben&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATemple+in+Jerusalem" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-31"><a href="#cite_ref-31">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.haaretz.com/israel-news/.premium-1.681589">"Were there Jewish Temples on Temple Mount? Yes – Israel News"</a>. Haaretz. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20151025003942/http://www.haaretz.com/israel-news/.premium-1.681589">Archived</a> from the original on 25 October 2015. Retrieved 15 August 2016.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Haaretz&rft.atitle=Were+there+Jewish+Temples+on+Temple+Mount%3F+Yes+%E2%80%93+Israel+News&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.haaretz.com%2Fisrael-news%2F.premium-1.681589&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATemple+in+Jerusalem" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-32"><a href="#cite_ref-32">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.haaretz.com/israel-news/were-there-jewish-temples-on-temple-mount-yes-1.5411705">"Were There Jewish Temples on Temple Mount? Yes"</a>. Haaretz. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20151025003942/http://www.haaretz.com/israel-news/.premium-1.681589">Archived</a> from the original on 25 October 2015. Retrieved 11 January 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Haaretz&rft.atitle=Were+There+Jewish+Temples+on+Temple+Mount%3F+Yes&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.haaretz.com%2Fisrael-news%2Fwere-there-jewish-temples-on-temple-mount-yes-1.5411705&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATemple+in+Jerusalem" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-33"><a href="#cite_ref-33">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMoskoff2022" class="citation web cs1">Moskoff, Harry H. (10 February 2022). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jpost.com/jerusalem-report/article-696068">"Is there new evidence of Jewish Temple treasures in the Vatican?"</a>. The Jerusalem Post | JPost.com. Retrieved 28 October 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+Jerusalem+Post+%7C+JPost.com&rft.atitle=Is+there+new+evidence+of+Jewish+Temple+treasures+in+the+Vatican%3F&rft.date=2022-02-10&rft.aulast=Moskoff&rft.aufirst=Harry+H.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jpost.com%2Fjerusalem-report%2Farticle-696068&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATemple+in+Jerusalem" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-34"><a href="#cite_ref-34">^</a> See article in the World Jewish Digest, April 2007 </li> <li id="cite_note-35"><a href="#cite_ref-35">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.sefaria.org/Berakhot.54a.7?ven=William_Davidson_Edition_-_English&lang=bi">"Berakhot 54a:7"</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200608104932/https://www.sefaria.org/Berakhot.54a.7?ven=William_Davidson_Edition_-_English&lang=bi">Archived</a> from the original on 8 June 2020. Retrieved 27 February 2020.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Berakhot+54a%3A7&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.sefaria.org%2FBerakhot.54a.7%3Fven%3DWilliam_Davidson_Edition_-_English%26lang%3Dbi&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATemple+in+Jerusalem" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-36"><a href="#cite_ref-36">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.sefaria.org/Yoma.54b.2?ven=William_Davidson_Edition_-_English&lang=bi">"Yoma 54b:2"</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200608104940/https://www.sefaria.org/Yoma.54b.2?ven=William_Davidson_Edition_-_English&lang=bi">Archived</a> from the original on 8 June 2020. Retrieved 27 February 2020.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Yoma+54b%3A2&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.sefaria.org%2FYoma.54b.2%3Fven%3DWilliam_Davidson_Edition_-_English%26lang%3Dbi&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATemple+in+Jerusalem" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-37"><a href="#cite_ref-37">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.sefaria.org/Sanhedrin.26b.5?ven=William_Davidson_Edition_-_English&lang=bi">"Sanhedrin 26b:5"</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200608104936/https://www.sefaria.org/Sanhedrin.26b.5?ven=William_Davidson_Edition_-_English&lang=bi">Archived</a> from the original on 8 June 2020. Retrieved 27 February 2020.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Sanhedrin+26b%3A5&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.sefaria.org%2FSanhedrin.26b.5%3Fven%3DWilliam_Davidson_Edition_-_English%26lang%3Dbi&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATemple+in+Jerusalem" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-38"><a href="#cite_ref-38">^</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=Jeremiah+19:14;+26:2&version=NRSV">Jeremiah 19:14; 26:2</a> </li> <li id="cite_note-39"><a href="#cite_ref-39">^</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://bible.oremus.org/?passage=1%20Kings%206:36&version=nrsv">1 Kings 6:36</a> </li> <li id="cite_note-40"><a href="#cite_ref-40">^</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://bible.oremus.org/?passage=2%20Chronicles%204:9&version=nrsv">2 Chr. 4:9</a> </li> <li id="cite_note-41"><a href="#cite_ref-41">^</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://bible.oremus.org/?passage=2%20Chronicles%203:5&version=nrsv">2 Chr. 3:5</a> </li> <li id="cite_note-42"><a href="#cite_ref-42">^</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://bible.oremus.org/?passage=1%20Kings%206:17&version=nrsv">1 Kings 6:17</a> </li> <li id="cite_note-43"><a href="#cite_ref-43">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation book cs1">Mishna Tractate Midos.</cite> </li> <li id="cite_note-44"><a href="#cite_ref-44">^</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ou.org/torah/tt/5764/vayeitzei64/mikdash.htm">Sheyibaneh Beit Hamikdash: Women in the Azara?</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20060729212719/http://www.ou.org/torah/tt/5764/vayeitzei64/mikdash.htm">Archived</a> 2006-07-29 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> </li> <li id="cite_note-45"><a href="#cite_ref-45">^</a> <a href="/wiki/Babylonian_Talmud" class="mw-redirect" title="Babylonian Talmud">Babylonian Talmud</a> (Yoma 25a) </li> <li id="cite_note-46"><a href="#cite_ref-46">^</a> <a href="/wiki/Mishnah" title="Mishnah">Mishnah</a> Taharoth 6:8, Commentary of Rabbi <a href="/wiki/Hai_Gaon" class="mw-redirect" title="Hai Gaon">Hai Gaon</a>, s.v. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1241449095">בסילקי‎ </li> <li id="cite_note-47"><a href="#cite_ref-47">^</a> Yoma 37a. </li> <li id="cite_note-48"><a href="#cite_ref-48">^</a> Yoma 37b; <a href="/wiki/Tosefta" title="Tosefta">Tosefta</a> Yoma 82 </li> <li id="cite_note-49"><a href="#cite_ref-49">^</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://bible.oremus.org/?passage=Numbers%2019%E2%80%9322&version=nrsv">Numbers 19–22</a> </li> <li id="cite_note-50"><a href="#cite_ref-50">^</a> Yoma l.c. </li> <li id="cite_note-51"><a href="#cite_ref-51">^</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://mechon-mamre.org/p/pt/pt09a08.htm#33">1 Kings 8:33–39</a> </li> <li id="cite_note-Birnbaum-52"><a href="#cite_ref-Birnbaum_52-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBirnbaum1975" class="citation book cs1">Birnbaum, Philip (1975). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/bookofjewishconc00birn/page/541">"Kodashim"</a>. A Book of Jewish Concepts. New York, New York: Hebrew Publishing Company. pp. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/bookofjewishconc00birn/page/541">541–542</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/088482876X" title="Special:BookSources/088482876X"><bdi>088482876X</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Kodashim&rft.btitle=A+Book+of+Jewish+Concepts&rft.place=New+York%2C+New+York&rft.pages=541-542&rft.pub=Hebrew+Publishing+Company&rft.date=1975&rft.isbn=088482876X&rft.aulast=Birnbaum&rft.aufirst=Philip&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fbookofjewishconc00birn%2Fpage%2F541&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATemple+in+Jerusalem" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Soncino-53">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Soncino_53-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Soncino_53-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFEpstein1948" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Isidore_Epstein" title="Isidore Epstein">Epstein, Isidore</a>, ed. (1948). "Introduction to Seder Kodashim". The Babylonian Talmud. Vol. 5. Singer, M. H. (translator). London: The Soncino Press. pp. xvii–xxi.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Introduction+to+Seder+Kodashim&rft.btitle=The+Babylonian+Talmud&rft.place=London&rft.pages=xvii-xxi&rft.pub=The+Soncino+Press&rft.date=1948&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATemple+in+Jerusalem" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-EJ-54">^ <a href="#cite_ref-EJ_54-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-EJ_54-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFArzi1978" class="citation encyclopaedia cs1">Arzi, Abraham (1978). "Kodashim". Encyclopedia Judaica. Vol. 10 (1st ed.). Jerusalem, Israel: Keter Publishing House Ltd. pp. 1126–1127.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Kodashim&rft.btitle=Encyclopedia+Judaica&rft.place=Jerusalem%2C+Israel&rft.pages=1126-1127&rft.edition=1st&rft.pub=Keter+Publishing+House+Ltd.&rft.date=1978&rft.aulast=Arzi&rft.aufirst=Abraham&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATemple+in+Jerusalem" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-55"><a href="#cite_ref-55">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.divreinavon.com/pdf/SinatHinam.pdf">"Gratuitous Hatred – What is it and Why is it so bad?"</a> (PDF). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110710135056/http://www.divreinavon.com/pdf/SinatHinam.pdf">Archived</a> (PDF) from the original on 10 July 2011. Retrieved 23 July 2009.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Gratuitous+Hatred+%E2%80%93+What+is+it+and+Why+is+it+so+bad%3F&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.divreinavon.com%2Fpdf%2FSinatHinam.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATemple+in+Jerusalem" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-56"><a href="#cite_ref-56">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jewishvirtuallibrary.org/jsource/judaica/ejud_0002_0008_0_08528.html">"Hatred"</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150402092835/https://www.jewishvirtuallibrary.org/jsource/judaica/ejud_0002_0008_0_08528.html">Archived</a> from the original on 2 April 2015. Retrieved 8 July 2014.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Hatred&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jewishvirtuallibrary.org%2Fjsource%2Fjudaica%2Fejud_0002_0008_0_08528.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATemple+in+Jerusalem" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-57"><a href="#cite_ref-57">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.jewishvirtuallibrary.org/the-liberation-of-the-temple-mount-and-western-wall-june-1967">"The Liberation of the Temple Mount and Western Wall (June 1967)"</a>. www.jewishvirtuallibrary.org. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170330005830/http://www.jewishvirtuallibrary.org/the-liberation-of-the-temple-mount-and-western-wall-june-1967">Archived</a> from the original on 30 March 2017. Retrieved 29 March 2017.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.jewishvirtuallibrary.org&rft.atitle=The+Liberation+of+the+Temple+Mount+and+Western+Wall+%28June+1967%29&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.jewishvirtuallibrary.org%2Fthe-liberation-of-the-temple-mount-and-western-wall-june-1967&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATemple+in+Jerusalem" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-58"><a href="#cite_ref-58">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.sixdaywar.org/content/ReunificationJerusalem.asp">"1967: Reunification of Jerusalem"</a>. www.sixdaywar.org. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170308074552/http://www.sixdaywar.org/content/ReunificationJerusalem.asp">Archived</a> from the original on 8 March 2017. Retrieved 29 March 2017.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.sixdaywar.org&rft.atitle=1967%3A+Reunification+of+Jerusalem&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.sixdaywar.org%2Fcontent%2FReunificationJerusalem.asp&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATemple+in+Jerusalem" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-59"><a href="#cite_ref-59">^</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://bible.oremus.org/?passage=Matthew%2024:2&version=nrsv">Matthew 24:2</a> </li> <li id="cite_note-60"><a href="#cite_ref-60">^</a> See Jennifer A. Harris, "The Body as Temple in the High Middle Ages", in Albert I. Baumgarten ed., Sacrifice in Religious Experience, Leiden, 2002, pp. 233–256. </li> <li id="cite_note-rts-61"><a href="#cite_ref-rts_61-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAnderson2018" class="citation journal cs1">Anderson, James (2018). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://rts.edu/wp-content/uploads/2019/01/GrubbIslam.pdf">"The Centrality of Covenant Theology to the Islamic Faith"</a> (PDF). Reformed Theological Seminary. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210414132842/https://rts.edu/wp-content/uploads/2019/01/GrubbIslam.pdf">Archived</a> (PDF) from the original on 14 April 2021. Retrieved 19 May 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Reformed+Theological+Seminary&rft.atitle=The+Centrality+of+Covenant+Theology+to+the+Islamic+Faith&rft.date=2018&rft.aulast=Anderson&rft.aufirst=James&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Frts.edu%2Fwp-content%2Fuploads%2F2019%2F01%2FGrubbIslam.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATemple+in+Jerusalem" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-halaqa-62"><a href="#cite_ref-halaqa_62-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCarr2020" class="citation web cs1">Carr, Gregory (18 March 2020). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://halaqa.home.blog/2020/03/18/a-brief-history-of-the-temple-of-jerusalem/">"A Brief History of the Temple of Jerusalem"</a>. Halaqa. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210625152838/https://halaqa.home.blog/2020/03/18/a-brief-history-of-the-temple-of-jerusalem/">Archived</a> from the original on 25 June 2021. Retrieved 19 May 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Halaqa&rft.atitle=A+Brief+History+of+the+Temple+of+Jerusalem&rft.date=2020-03-18&rft.aulast=Carr&rft.aufirst=Gregory&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fhalaqa.home.blog%2F2020%2F03%2F18%2Fa-brief-history-of-the-temple-of-jerusalem%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATemple+in+Jerusalem" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-sabeel-63"><a href="#cite_ref-sabeel_63-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://sabeel-travels.co.uk/40-ahadith-masjid-al-aqsa/">"Masjid Al Aqsa: The Best Place of Residence – 40 Ahadith"</a>. Sabeel Travels. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210508085327/https://sabeel-travels.co.uk/40-ahadith-masjid-al-aqsa/">Archived</a> from the original on 8 May 2021. Retrieved 19 May 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Sabeel+Travels&rft.atitle=Masjid+Al+Aqsa%3A+The+Best+Place+of+Residence+%E2%80%93+40+Ahadith&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fsabeel-travels.co.uk%2F40-ahadith-masjid-al-aqsa%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATemple+in+Jerusalem" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-64"><a href="#cite_ref-64">^</a> "The Spiritual Significance of Jerusalem: The Islamic Vision. The Islamic Quarterly. 4 (1998): pp. 233–242 </li> <li id="cite_note-margolis-65"><a href="#cite_ref-margolis_65-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMargolis2001" class="citation journal cs1">Margolis, David (23 February 2001). "The Muslim Zionist". Los Angeles Jewish Journal.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Los+Angeles+Jewish+Journal&rft.atitle=The+Muslim+Zionist&rft.date=2001-02-23&rft.aulast=Margolis&rft.aufirst=David&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATemple+in+Jerusalem" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-66"><a href="#cite_ref-66">^</a> Ammianus Marcellinus, Res Gestae, 23.1.2–3. </li> <li id="cite_note-67"><a href="#cite_ref-67">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.imdb.com/title/tt1633222/">"Lost Temple"</a>. 1 January 2000. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20171019165923/http://www.imdb.com/title/tt1633222/">Archived</a> from the original on 19 October 2017. Retrieved 1 July 2018 – via IMDb.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Lost+Temple&rft.date=2000-01-01&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.imdb.com%2Ftitle%2Ftt1633222%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATemple+in+Jerusalem" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Hess1999-68">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Hess1999_68-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Hess1999_68-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Hess1999_68-2">c</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Hess1999_68-3">d</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Hess1999_68-4">e</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMonson1999" class="citation book cs1">Monson, John M. (June 1999). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=Lk_xLfQ_SRAC&pg=PA16">"The Temple of Solomon: Heart of Jerusalem"</a>. In Hess, Richard S.; Wenham, Gordon J. (eds.). Zion, city of our God. Wm. B. Eerdmans Publishing. pp. 12–19. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-8028-4426-2" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-8028-4426-2"><bdi>978-0-8028-4426-2</bdi></a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110629020614/http://books.google.com/books?id=Lk_xLfQ_SRAC&pg=PA16">Archived</a> from the original on 29 June 2011. Retrieved 15 February 2011.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=The+Temple+of+Solomon%3A+Heart+of+Jerusalem&rft.btitle=Zion%2C+city+of+our+God&rft.pages=12-19&rft.pub=Wm.+B.+Eerdmans+Publishing&rft.date=1999-06&rft.isbn=978-0-8028-4426-2&rft.aulast=Monson&rft.aufirst=John+M.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DLk_xLfQ_SRAC%26pg%3DPA16&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATemple+in+Jerusalem" class="Z3988"> <code class="cs1-code">{{<a href="/wiki/Template:Cite_book" title="Template:Cite book">cite book</a>}}</code>: <code class="cs1-code">|work=</code> ignored (<a href="/wiki/Help:CS1_errors#periodical_ignored" title="Help:CS1 errors">help</a>) </li> </ol></div> </section><div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(18)"><h2 id="Further_reading">Further reading</h2> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Temple_in_Jerusalem&action=edit&section=22" title="Edit section: Further reading" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div><section class="mf-section-18 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-18"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Biblical_Archaeology_Review" title="Biblical Archaeology Review">Biblical Archaeology Review</a>, issues: July/August 1983, November/December 1989, March/April 1992, July/August 1999, September/October 1999, March/April 2000, September/October 2005</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Leen_Ritmeyer" title="Leen Ritmeyer">Ritmeyer, Leen</a>. The Quest: Revealing the Temple Mount in Jerusalem. Jerusalem:, Israel Carta, 2006. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/965-220-628-8" title="Special:BookSources/965-220-628-8">965-220-628-8</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_J._Hamblin" title="William J. Hamblin">Hamblin, William</a> and <a href="/wiki/David_Seely" class="mw-redirect" title="David Seely">David Seely</a>, Solomon's Temple: Myth and History (Thames and Hudson, 2007) <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-500-25133-9" title="Special:BookSources/0-500-25133-9">0-500-25133-9</a></li> <li>Yaron Eliav, God's Mountain: The Temple Mount in Time, Place and Memory (Baltimore, Maryland: Johns Hopkins University Press, 2005)</li> <li>Rachel Elior, The Jerusalem Temple: The Representation of the Imperceptible, Studies in Spirituality 11 (2001), pp. 126–143</li></ul> </section><div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(19)"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Temple_in_Jerusalem&action=edit&section=23" title="Edit section: External links" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div><section class="mf-section-19 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-19"> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://jerusalem.livetourism.tv/video.php?video_id=9629">Visit of the Temple Institute Museum in Jerusalem conducted by Rav Israel Ariel</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://bible.ag/ezekiel.htm">Video tour of a model of the future temple described in Ezekiel chapters 40–49 from a Christian perspective</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20080529140203/http://bible.ag/ezekiel.htm">Archived</a> 2008-05-29 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rachel_Elior" title="Rachel Elior">Rachel Elior</a>, "The Jerusalem Temple – The Representation of the Imperceptible", Studies in Spirituality 11 (2001): 126–143</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://rts.edu/wp-content/uploads/2019/01/GrubbIslam.pdf">The Centrality of Covenant Theology to the Islamic Faith</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://halaqa.home.blog/2020/03/18/a-brief-history-of-the-temple-of-jerusalem/">A Brief History of the Temple of Jerusalem</a></li></ul> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1156832818">.mw-parser-output .geo-default,.mw-parser-output .geo-dms,.mw-parser-output .geo-dec{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .geo-nondefault,.mw-parser-output .geo-multi-punct,.mw-parser-output .geo-inline-hidden{display:none}.mw-parser-output .longitude,.mw-parser-output .latitude{white-space:nowrap}</style><a class="external text" href="https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Temple_in_Jerusalem&params=31_46_40_N_35_14_08_E_region:IL_type:landmark">31°46′40″N 35°14′08″E / 31.77778°N 35.23556°E / 31.77778; 35.23556</a> 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data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1038841319">.mw-parser-output .tooltip-dotted{border-bottom:1px dotted;cursor:help}</style></div>    </section></div> <noscript><img src="https://login.m.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1&mobile=1" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Retrieved from "<a dir="ltr" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Temple_in_Jerusalem&oldid=1258784306">https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Temple_in_Jerusalem&oldid=1258784306</a>"</div></div> </div> <div class="post-content" id="page-secondary-actions"> </div> </main> <footer class="mw-footer minerva-footer" role="contentinfo"> <a class="last-modified-bar" href="/w/index.php?title=Temple_in_Jerusalem&action=history"> <div class="post-content last-modified-bar__content"> Last edited on 21 November 2024, at 16:42 </div> </a> <div class="post-content footer-content"> <div id='mw-data-after-content'> <div class="read-more-container"></div> </div> <div id="p-lang"> <h4>Languages</h4> <section> <ul id="p-variants" class="minerva-languages"></ul> <ul class="minerva-languages"><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-als mw-list-item"><a href="https://als.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jerusalemer_Tempel" title="Jerusalemer Tempel – Alemannic" lang="gsw" hreflang="gsw" data-title="Jerusalemer Tempel" data-language-autonym="Alemannisch" data-language-local-name="Alemannic" class="interlanguage-link-target">Alemannisch</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%D8%B9%D8%A8%D8%AF_%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%82%D8%AF%D8%B3" title="معبد القدس – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="معبد القدس" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target">العربية</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arc mw-list-item"><a href="https://arc.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DC%97%DC%9D%DC%9F%DC%A0%DC%90_%DC%95%DC%AB%DC%A0%DC%9D%DC%A1%DC%98%DC%A2" title="ܗܝܟܠܐ ܕܫܠܝܡܘܢ – Aramaic" lang="arc" hreflang="arc" data-title="ܗܝܟܠܐ ܕܫܠܝܡܘܢ" data-language-autonym="ܐܪܡܝܐ" data-language-local-name="Aramaic" class="interlanguage-link-target">ܐܪܡܝܐ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%AC%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%87%E0%A6%A4%E0%A7%81%E0%A6%B2_%E0%A6%AE%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%95%E0%A6%A6%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%B8" title="বাইতুল মাকদিস – Bangla" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="বাইতুল মাকদিস" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="Bangla" class="interlanguage-link-target">বাংলা</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%86%D0%B5%D1%80%D1%83%D1%81%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%96%D0%BC%D1%81%D0%BA%D1%96_%D0%A5%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BC" title="Іерусалімскі Храм – Belarusian" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Іерусалімскі Храм" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="Belarusian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Беларуская</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%99%D0%B5%D1%80%D1%83%D1%81%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%BC%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8_%D1%85%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BC" title="Йерусалимски храм – Bulgarian" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Йерусалимски храм" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgarian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Български</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-br mw-list-item"><a href="https://br.wikipedia.org/wiki/Templ_Jeruzalem" title="Templ Jeruzalem – Breton" lang="br" hreflang="br" data-title="Templ Jeruzalem" data-language-autonym="Brezhoneg" data-language-local-name="Breton" class="interlanguage-link-target">Brezhoneg</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Temple_de_Jerusalem" title="Temple de Jerusalem – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Temple de Jerusalem" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target">Català</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jeruzal%C3%A9msk%C3%BD_chr%C3%A1m" title="Jeruzalémský chrám – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Jeruzalémský chrám" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target">Čeština</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Y_Deml_yn_Jeriwsalem" title="Y Deml yn Jeriwsalem – Welsh" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="Y Deml yn Jeriwsalem" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="Welsh" class="interlanguage-link-target">Cymraeg</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Templet_i_Jerusalem" title="Templet i Jerusalem – Danish" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Templet i Jerusalem" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Danish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Dansk</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jerusalemer_Tempel" title="Jerusalemer Tempel – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Jerusalemer Tempel" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target">Deutsch</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jeruusalemma_tempel" title="Jeruusalemma tempel – Estonian" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Jeruusalemma tempel" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="Estonian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Eesti</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Templo_de_Jerusal%C3%A9n" title="Templo de Jerusalén – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Templo de Jerusalén" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Español</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Templo_de_Jerusalemo" title="Templo de Jerusalemo – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Templo de Jerusalemo" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target">Esperanto</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jerusalemgo_tenplua" title="Jerusalemgo tenplua – Basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Jerusalemgo tenplua" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Basque" class="interlanguage-link-target">Euskara</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%BE%D8%B1%D8%B3%D8%AA%D8%B4%E2%80%8C%DA%AF%D8%A7%D9%87_%D8%A7%D9%88%D8%B1%D8%B4%D9%84%DB%8C%D9%85" title="پرستش‌گاه اورشلیم – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="پرستش‌گاه اورشلیم" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target">فارسی</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Temple_de_J%C3%A9rusalem" title="Temple de Jérusalem – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Temple de Jérusalem" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target">Français</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fur mw-list-item"><a href="https://fur.wikipedia.org/wiki/Templi_di_Jerusalem" title="Templi di Jerusalem – Friulian" lang="fur" hreflang="fur" data-title="Templi di Jerusalem" data-language-autonym="Furlan" data-language-local-name="Friulian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Furlan</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Templo_de_Xerusal%C3%A9n" title="Templo de Xerusalén – Galician" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Templo de Xerusalén" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="Galician" class="interlanguage-link-target">Galego</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EC%98%88%EB%A3%A8%EC%82%B4%EB%A0%98_%EC%84%B1%EC%A0%84" title="예루살렘 성전 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="예루살렘 성전" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target">한국어</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D4%B5%D6%80%D5%B8%D6%82%D5%BD%D5%A1%D5%B2%D5%A5%D5%B4%D5%AB_%D5%BF%D5%A1%D5%B3%D5%A1%D6%80" title="Երուսաղեմի տաճար – Armenian" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Երուսաղեմի տաճար" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="Armenian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Հայերեն</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jeruzalemski_hram" title="Jeruzalemski hram – Croatian" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Jeruzalemski hram" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Hrvatski</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bait_Allah_(Yerusalem)" title="Bait Allah (Yerusalem) – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Bait Allah (Yerusalem)" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Bahasa Indonesia</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tempio_di_Gerusalemme" title="Tempio di Gerusalemme – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Tempio di Gerusalemme" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Italiano</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%91%D7%99%D7%AA_%D7%94%D7%9E%D7%A7%D7%93%D7%A9" title="בית המקדש – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="בית המקדש" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target">עברית</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sw mw-list-item"><a href="https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hekalu_la_Yerusalemu" title="Hekalu la Yerusalemu – Swahili" lang="sw" hreflang="sw" data-title="Hekalu la Yerusalemu" data-language-autonym="Kiswahili" data-language-local-name="Swahili" class="interlanguage-link-target">Kiswahili</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lad mw-list-item"><a href="https://lad.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bet_Amikdash" title="Bet Amikdash – Ladino" lang="lad" hreflang="lad" data-title="Bet Amikdash" data-language-autonym="Ladino" data-language-local-name="Ladino" class="interlanguage-link-target">Ladino</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Templum_Hierosolymitanum" title="Templum Hierosolymitanum – Latin" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Templum Hierosolymitanum" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="Latin" class="interlanguage-link-target">Latina</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jeruzalemes_templis" title="Jeruzalemes templis – Latvian" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Jeruzalemes templis" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="Latvian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Latviešu</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jeruzal%C4%97s_%C5%A1ventykla" title="Jeruzalės šventykla – Lithuanian" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Jeruzalės šventykla" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="Lithuanian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Lietuvių</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jeruzs%C3%A1lemi_templom" title="Jeruzsálemi templom – Hungarian" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Jeruzsálemi templom" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hungarian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Magyar</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%95%D1%80%D1%83%D1%81%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%BC%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8_%D1%85%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BC" title="Ерусалимски храм – Macedonian" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Ерусалимски храм" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="Macedonian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Македонски</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mg mw-list-item"><a href="https://mg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tempolin%27_i_Jerosalema" title="Tempolin' i Jerosalema – Malagasy" lang="mg" hreflang="mg" data-title="Tempolin' i Jerosalema" data-language-autonym="Malagasy" data-language-local-name="Malagasy" class="interlanguage-link-target">Malagasy</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%D8%B9%D8%A8%D8%AF_%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%82%D8%AF%D8%B3" title="معبد القدس – Egyptian Arabic" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="معبد القدس" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="Egyptian Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target">مصرى</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mzn mw-list-item"><a href="https://mzn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%BE%D8%B1%D8%B3%D8%AA%D8%B4%E2%80%8C%DA%AF%D8%A7%D9%87_%D8%A7%D9%88%D8%B1%D8%B4%D9%84%DB%8C%D9%85" title="پرستش‌گاه اورشلیم – Mazanderani" lang="mzn" hreflang="mzn" data-title="پرستش‌گاه اورشلیم" data-language-autonym="مازِرونی" data-language-local-name="Mazanderani" class="interlanguage-link-target">مازِرونی</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kuil_Suci" title="Kuil Suci – Malay" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Kuil Suci" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="Malay" class="interlanguage-link-target">Bahasa Melayu</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cdo mw-list-item"><a href="https://cdo.wikipedia.org/wiki/I%C3%A0-l%C3%B4-s%C3%A1k-l%C4%93ng_Si%C3%B4ng-d%C3%A1%CC%A4-d%C3%A2ing" title="Ià-lô-sák-lēng Siông-dá̤-dâing – Mindong" lang="cdo" hreflang="cdo" data-title="Ià-lô-sák-lēng Siông-dá̤-dâing" data-language-autonym="閩東語 / Mìng-dĕ̤ng-ngṳ̄" data-language-local-name="Mindong" class="interlanguage-link-target">閩東語 / Mìng-dĕ̤ng-ngṳ̄</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Joodse_tempel" title="Joodse tempel – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Joodse tempel" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target">Nederlands</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%82%A8%E3%83%AB%E3%82%B5%E3%83%AC%E3%83%A0%E7%A5%9E%E6%AE%BF" title="エルサレム神殿 – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="エルサレム神殿" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target">日本語</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tempelet_i_Jerusalem" title="Tempelet i Jerusalem – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Tempelet i Jerusalem" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target">Norsk bokmål</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tempelet_i_Jerusalem" title="Tempelet i Jerusalem – Norwegian Nynorsk" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Tempelet i Jerusalem" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Nynorsk" class="interlanguage-link-target">Norsk nynorsk</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-oc mw-list-item"><a href="https://oc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Temple_de_Jerusal%C3%A8m" title="Temple de Jerusalèm – Occitan" lang="oc" hreflang="oc" data-title="Temple de Jerusalèm" data-language-autonym="Occitan" data-language-local-name="Occitan" class="interlanguage-link-target">Occitan</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ps mw-list-item"><a href="https://ps.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AF_%D8%A8%DB%8C%D8%AA_%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%85%D9%82%D8%AF%D8%B3_%D9%85%D8%B9%D8%A8%D8%AF" title="د بیت المقدس معبد – Pashto" lang="ps" hreflang="ps" data-title="د بیت المقدس معبد" data-language-autonym="پښتو" data-language-local-name="Pashto" class="interlanguage-link-target">پښتو</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C5%9Awi%C4%85tynia_Jerozolimska" title="Świątynia Jerozolimska – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Świątynia Jerozolimska" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Polski</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Templo_de_Jerusal%C3%A9m" title="Templo de Jerusalém – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Templo de Jerusalém" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target">Português</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%98%D0%B5%D1%80%D1%83%D1%81%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%BC%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%B9_%D1%85%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BC" title="Иерусалимский храм – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Иерусалимский храм" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Русский</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sq mw-list-item"><a href="https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tempulli_i_Jeruzalemit" title="Tempulli i Jeruzalemit – Albanian" lang="sq" hreflang="sq" data-title="Tempulli i Jeruzalemit" data-language-autonym="Shqip" data-language-local-name="Albanian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Shqip</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-si mw-list-item"><a href="https://si.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B6%A2%E0%B7%99%E0%B6%BB%E0%B7%94%E0%B7%83%E0%B7%99%E0%B6%BD%E0%B7%99%E0%B6%B8%E0%B7%99%E0%B7%84%E0%B7%92_%E0%B6%AF%E0%B7%9A%E0%B7%80%E0%B6%B8%E0%B7%8F%E0%B7%85%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%9C%E0%B6%BA" title="ජෙරුසෙලෙමෙහි දේවමාළිගය – Sinhala" lang="si" hreflang="si" data-title="ජෙරුසෙලෙමෙහි දේවමාළිගය" data-language-autonym="සිංහල" data-language-local-name="Sinhala" class="interlanguage-link-target">සිංහල</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Temple_in_Jerusalem" title="Temple in Jerusalem – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Temple in Jerusalem" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target">Simple English</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jeruzalemsk%C3%BD_chr%C3%A1m" title="Jeruzalemský chrám – Slovak" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Jeruzalemský chrám" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="Slovak" class="interlanguage-link-target">Slovenčina</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jerusalimski_hram" title="Jerusalimski hram – Serbian" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Jerusalimski hram" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Serbian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Српски / srpski</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jeruzalemski_Hram" title="Jeruzalemski Hram – Serbo-Croatian" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Jeruzalemski Hram" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="Serbo-Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jerusalemin_temppeli" title="Jerusalemin temppeli – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Jerusalemin temppeli" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Suomi</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jerusalems_tempel" title="Jerusalems tempel – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Jerusalems tempel" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Svenska</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tl mw-list-item"><a href="https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Templo_sa_Herusalem" title="Templo sa Herusalem – Tagalog" lang="tl" hreflang="tl" data-title="Templo sa Herusalem" data-language-autonym="Tagalog" data-language-local-name="Tagalog" class="interlanguage-link-target">Tagalog</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%8E%E0%AE%B0%E0%AF%81%E0%AE%9A%E0%AE%B2%E0%AF%87%E0%AE%AE%E0%AF%8D_%E0%AE%95%E0%AF%8B%E0%AE%B5%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%B2%E0%AF%8D" title="எருசலேம் கோவில் – Tamil" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="எருசலேம் கோவில்" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="Tamil" class="interlanguage-link-target">தமிழ்</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%9E%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B0%E0%B8%A7%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%AB%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A3%E0%B9%83%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B8%E0%B8%87%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%A2%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B9%E0%B8%8B%E0%B8%B2%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%A5%E0%B8%A1" title="พระวิหารในกรุงเยรูซาเลม – Thai" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="พระวิหารในกรุงเยรูซาเลม" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="Thai" class="interlanguage-link-target">ไทย</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kud%C3%BCs_Tap%C4%B1na%C4%9F%C4%B1" title="Kudüs Tapınağı – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Kudüs Tapınağı" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Türkçe</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%84%D1%80%D1%83%D1%81%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%BC%D1%81%D1%8C%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%B9_%D1%85%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BC" title="Єрусалимський храм – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Єрусалимський храм" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Українська</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A8%DB%8C%D8%AA_%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%85%D9%82%D8%AF%D8%B3" title="بیت المقدس – Urdu" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="بیت المقدس" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="Urdu" class="interlanguage-link-target">اردو</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C4%90%E1%BB%81n_th%E1%BB%9D_Jerusalem" title="Đền thờ Jerusalem – Vietnamese" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Đền thờ Jerusalem" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="Vietnamese" class="interlanguage-link-target">Tiếng Việt</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fiu-vro mw-list-item"><a href="https://fiu-vro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jeruusalemm%C3%A4_templi" title="Jeruusalemmä templi – Võro" lang="vro" hreflang="vro" data-title="Jeruusalemmä templi" data-language-autonym="Võro" data-language-local-name="Võro" class="interlanguage-link-target">Võro</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wa mw-list-item"><a href="https://wa.wikipedia.org/wiki/Timpe_di_Djeruzalem" title="Timpe di Djeruzalem – Walloon" lang="wa" hreflang="wa" data-title="Timpe di Djeruzalem" data-language-autonym="Walon" data-language-local-name="Walloon" class="interlanguage-link-target">Walon</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-war mw-list-item"><a href="https://war.wikipedia.org/wiki/Templo_ha_Jerusalen" title="Templo ha Jerusalen – Waray" lang="war" hreflang="war" data-title="Templo ha Jerusalen" data-language-autonym="Winaray" data-language-local-name="Waray" class="interlanguage-link-target">Winaray</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E8%80%B6%E8%B7%AF%E6%92%92%E5%86%B7%E5%9C%A3%E6%AE%BF" title="耶路撒冷圣殿 – Wu" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="耶路撒冷圣殿" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="Wu" class="interlanguage-link-target">吴语</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-yi mw-list-item"><a href="https://yi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%91%D7%99%D7%AA_%D7%94%D7%9E%D7%A7%D7%93%D7%A9" title="בית המקדש – Yiddish" lang="yi" hreflang="yi" data-title="בית המקדש" data-language-autonym="ייִדיש" data-language-local-name="Yiddish" class="interlanguage-link-target">ייִדיש</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E8%80%B6%E8%B7%AF%E6%92%92%E5%86%B7%E8%81%96%E6%AE%BF" title="耶路撒冷聖殿 – Cantonese" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="耶路撒冷聖殿" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="Cantonese" class="interlanguage-link-target">粵語</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E8%80%B6%E8%B7%AF%E6%92%92%E5%86%B7%E8%81%96%E6%AE%BF" title="耶路撒冷聖殿 – Chinese" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="耶路撒冷聖殿" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target">中文</a></li></ul> </section> </div> <div class="minerva-footer-logo"><img src="/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-wordmark-en.svg" alt="Wikipedia" width="120" height="18" style="width: 7.5em; height: 1.125em;"/> </div> <ul id="footer-info" class="footer-info hlist hlist-separated"> <li id="footer-info-lastmod"> This page was last edited on 21 November 2024, at 16:42 (UTC).</li> <li id="footer-info-copyright">Content is available under <a class="external" rel="nofollow" href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/deed.en">CC BY-SA 4.0</a> unless otherwise noted.</li> </ul> <ul id="footer-places" class="footer-places hlist hlist-separated"> <li id="footer-places-privacy"><a 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