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mw-list-item"><a href="https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kenelm_Digby" title="Kenelm Digby – Welsh" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="Kenelm Digby" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="Welsh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cymraeg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kenelm_Digby" title="Kenelm Digby – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Kenelm Digby" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kenelm_Digby" title="Kenelm Digby – Estonian" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Kenelm Digby" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="Estonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kenelm_Digby" title="Kenelm Digby – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Kenelm Digby" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kenelm_Digby" title="Kenelm Digby – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Kenelm Digby" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kenelm_Digby" title="Kenelm Digby – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Kenelm Digby" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kenelm_Digby" title="Kenelm Digby – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Kenelm Digby" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kenelmus_Digbius" title="Kenelmus Digbius – Latin" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Kenelmus Digbius" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="Latin" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%83%D9%8A%D9%86%D9%8A%D9%84%D9%85_%D8%AF%D9%8A%D8%AC%D8%A8%D9%89" title="كينيلم ديجبى – Egyptian Arabic" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="كينيلم ديجبى" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="Egyptian Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مصرى</span></a></li><li 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searchaux" style="display:none">English courtier, diplomat, astrologer and scientist</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">This article is about the seventeenth-century English courtier, diplomat and natural philosopher. For other people named Kenelm Digby, see <a href="/wiki/Kenelm_Digby_(disambiguation)" class="mw-disambig" title="Kenelm Digby (disambiguation)">Kenelm Digby (disambiguation)</a>.</div> <p class="mw-empty-elt"> </p> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Sir_Kenelm_Digby_by_Sir_Anthony_Van_Dyck.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Sir_Kenelm_Digby_by_Sir_Anthony_Van_Dyck.jpg/210px-Sir_Kenelm_Digby_by_Sir_Anthony_Van_Dyck.jpg" decoding="async" width="210" height="269" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Sir_Kenelm_Digby_by_Sir_Anthony_Van_Dyck.jpg/315px-Sir_Kenelm_Digby_by_Sir_Anthony_Van_Dyck.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Sir_Kenelm_Digby_by_Sir_Anthony_Van_Dyck.jpg/420px-Sir_Kenelm_Digby_by_Sir_Anthony_Van_Dyck.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2400" data-file-height="3079" /></a><figcaption>Sir Kenelm Digby by Sir <a href="/wiki/Anthony_van_Dyck" title="Anthony van Dyck">Anthony van Dyck</a>, c. 1640</figcaption></figure> <p><b>Sir Kenelm Digby</b> (11 July 1603 – 11 June 1665) was an English <a href="/wiki/Courtier" title="Courtier">courtier</a> and diplomat. He was also a highly reputed <a href="/wiki/Natural_philosopher" class="mw-redirect" title="Natural philosopher">natural philosopher</a>, astrologer and known as a leading <a href="/wiki/Roman_Catholic" class="mw-redirect" title="Roman Catholic">Roman Catholic</a> intellectual and <a href="/wiki/Thomas_White_(scholar)" title="Thomas White (scholar)">Blackloist</a>. For his versatility, he is described in <a href="/wiki/John_Pointer_(antiquary)" title="John Pointer (antiquary)">John Pointer</a>'s <i>Oxoniensis Academia</i> (1749) as the "Magazine of all Arts and Sciences, or (as one stiles him) the Ornament of this Nation".<sup id="cite_ref-Pointer_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Pointer-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Early_life_and_education">Early life and education</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kenelm_Digby&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Early life and education"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Digby was born at <a href="/wiki/Gayhurst" title="Gayhurst">Gayhurst</a>, <a href="/wiki/Buckinghamshire" title="Buckinghamshire">Buckinghamshire</a>, England. He was of <a href="/wiki/Gentry" title="Gentry">gentry</a> stock, but his family's adherence to <a href="/wiki/Catholic_Church" title="Catholic Church">Roman Catholicism</a> coloured his career. His father, <a href="/wiki/Everard_Digby" title="Everard Digby">Sir Everard</a>, was executed in 1606 for his part in the <a href="/wiki/Gunpowder_Plot" title="Gunpowder Plot">Gunpowder Plot</a>. Kenelm was sufficiently in favour with <a href="/wiki/James_VI_and_I" title="James VI and I">James I</a> to be proposed as a member of <a href="/wiki/Edmund_Bolton" title="Edmund Bolton">Edmund Bolton</a>'s projected Royal Academy (with <a href="/wiki/George_Chapman" title="George Chapman">George Chapman</a>, <a href="/wiki/Michael_Drayton" title="Michael Drayton">Michael Drayton</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ben_Jonson" title="Ben Jonson">Ben Jonson</a>, <a href="/wiki/John_Selden" title="John Selden">John Selden</a> and Sir <a href="/wiki/Henry_Wotton" title="Henry Wotton">Henry Wotton</a>). His mother was Mary, daughter of <a href="/wiki/William_Moulsoe" class="mw-redirect" title="William Moulsoe">William Mushlo</a>. His uncle, <a href="/wiki/John_Digby,_1st_Earl_of_Bristol" title="John Digby, 1st Earl of Bristol">John Digby</a>, was the first Earl of Bristol.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Accuracy_dispute#Disputed_statement" title="Wikipedia:Accuracy dispute"><span title="The material near this tag is possibly inaccurate or nonfactual. (May 2020)">dubious</span></a> – <a href="/wiki/Talk:Kenelm_Digby#Relationship_of_Kenelm_to_John" title="Talk:Kenelm Digby">discuss</a></i>]</sup><sup id="cite_ref-Academies_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Academies-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Stain_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Stain-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>He went to <a href="/wiki/Gloucester_College,_Oxford" title="Gloucester College, Oxford">Gloucester Hall, Oxford</a>, in 1618, where he was taught by <a href="/wiki/Thomas_Allen_(mathematician)" title="Thomas Allen (mathematician)">Thomas Allen</a>, but left without taking a degree.<sup id="cite_ref-EB_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-EB-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In time Allen bequeathed to Digby his library, and the latter donated it to the <a href="/wiki/Bodleian" class="mw-redirect" title="Bodleian">Bodleian</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-CE_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-CE-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Bodleian_6-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Bodleian-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Workshop_of_Anthony_van_Dyck_-_Portrait_of_Sir_Kenelm_Digby_with_a_Sunflower.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c6/Workshop_of_Anthony_van_Dyck_-_Portrait_of_Sir_Kenelm_Digby_with_a_Sunflower.jpg/200px-Workshop_of_Anthony_van_Dyck_-_Portrait_of_Sir_Kenelm_Digby_with_a_Sunflower.jpg" decoding="async" width="200" height="261" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c6/Workshop_of_Anthony_van_Dyck_-_Portrait_of_Sir_Kenelm_Digby_with_a_Sunflower.jpg/300px-Workshop_of_Anthony_van_Dyck_-_Portrait_of_Sir_Kenelm_Digby_with_a_Sunflower.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c6/Workshop_of_Anthony_van_Dyck_-_Portrait_of_Sir_Kenelm_Digby_with_a_Sunflower.jpg/400px-Workshop_of_Anthony_van_Dyck_-_Portrait_of_Sir_Kenelm_Digby_with_a_Sunflower.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1225" data-file-height="1600" /></a><figcaption><i>Kenelm Digby</i> by workshop of <a href="/wiki/Anthony_van_Dyck" title="Anthony van Dyck">van Dyck</a></figcaption></figure> <p>He spent three years on <a href="/wiki/Continental_Europe" title="Continental Europe">the Continent</a> between 1620 and 1623, where <a href="/wiki/Marie_de_Medici" class="mw-redirect" title="Marie de Medici">Marie de Medici</a> fell madly in love with him (as he later recounted). In 1623, in Madrid, Digby was appointed to the household of Prince Charles, who had just arrived there. Returning to England the same year, he was <a href="/wiki/Knight_Bachelor" title="Knight Bachelor">knighted</a> by James I and appointed gentleman of the privy chamber to Charles. He was granted a <a href="/wiki/Master_of_Arts_(Oxford,_Cambridge,_and_Dublin)" title="Master of Arts (Oxford, Cambridge, and Dublin)">Cambridge Master of Arts</a> on the King's visit to the university in 1624.<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Career">Career</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kenelm_Digby&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Career"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Around 1625, he married <a href="/wiki/Venetia_Stanley" title="Venetia Stanley">Venetia Stanley</a>, whose wooing he cryptically described in his memoirs. He had also become a member of the <a href="/wiki/Privy_Council_of_the_United_Kingdom" class="mw-redirect" title="Privy Council of the United Kingdom">Privy Council</a> of <a href="/wiki/Charles_I_of_England" title="Charles I of England">Charles I of England</a>. As his Roman Catholicism hindered appointment to government office, he converted to <a href="/wiki/Anglicanism" title="Anglicanism">Anglicanism</a>. </p> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Van_Dyck,_Sir_Anthony_-_Venetia,_Lady_Digby,_on_her_Deathbed_-_Google_Art_Project.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c1/Van_Dyck%2C_Sir_Anthony_-_Venetia%2C_Lady_Digby%2C_on_her_Deathbed_-_Google_Art_Project.jpg/220px-Van_Dyck%2C_Sir_Anthony_-_Venetia%2C_Lady_Digby%2C_on_her_Deathbed_-_Google_Art_Project.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="199" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c1/Van_Dyck%2C_Sir_Anthony_-_Venetia%2C_Lady_Digby%2C_on_her_Deathbed_-_Google_Art_Project.jpg/330px-Van_Dyck%2C_Sir_Anthony_-_Venetia%2C_Lady_Digby%2C_on_her_Deathbed_-_Google_Art_Project.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c1/Van_Dyck%2C_Sir_Anthony_-_Venetia%2C_Lady_Digby%2C_on_her_Deathbed_-_Google_Art_Project.jpg/440px-Van_Dyck%2C_Sir_Anthony_-_Venetia%2C_Lady_Digby%2C_on_her_Deathbed_-_Google_Art_Project.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3601" data-file-height="3261" /></a><figcaption><i>Venetia Stanley on her Death Bed</i> by van Dyck, 1633, Dulwich Picture Gallery</figcaption></figure> <p>Digby became a <a href="/wiki/Privateer" title="Privateer">privateer</a> in 1627.<sup id="cite_ref-EB_4-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-EB-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Sailing his flagship, the <i>Eagle</i> (later renamed <i><a href="/wiki/Arbella" title="Arbella">Arabella</a></i>),<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> he arrived off <a href="/wiki/Gibraltar" title="Gibraltar">Gibraltar</a> on 18 January and captured several Spanish and Flemish vessels.<sup id="cite_ref-EB_4-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-EB-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> From 15 February to 27 March he remained at anchor off <a href="/wiki/Algiers" title="Algiers">Algiers</a> due to illness of his men, and extracted a promise from authorities of better treatment of the English ships:<sup id="cite_ref-EB_4-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-EB-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> he persuaded the city governors to free 50 English slaves.<sup id="cite_ref-ReferenceA_9-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ReferenceA-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He seized a Dutch vessel near <a href="/wiki/Majorca" class="mw-redirect" title="Majorca">Majorca</a>, and after other adventures gained a victory over the French and Venetian ships in the harbour of <a href="/wiki/Iskanderun" class="mw-redirect" title="Iskanderun">Iskanderun</a> on 11 June.<sup id="cite_ref-EB_4-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-EB-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> His successes, however, brought upon the English merchants the risk of reprisals, and he was urged to depart. He returned to become a naval administrator<sup id="cite_ref-EB_4-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-EB-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and later Governor of <a href="/wiki/Trinity_House" title="Trinity House">Trinity House</a>. </p><p>His wife Venetia, a noted beauty, died suddenly in 1633, prompting a famous deathbed portrait by <a href="/wiki/Van_Dyck" class="mw-redirect" title="Van Dyck">Van Dyck</a> and a eulogy by <a href="/wiki/Ben_Jonson" title="Ben Jonson">Ben Jonson</a>. (Digby was later Jonson's <a href="/wiki/Literary_executor" class="mw-redirect" title="Literary executor">literary executor</a>. Jonson's poem about Venetia is now partially lost, because of the loss of the centre sheet of a leaf of papers which held the only copy.) Digby, stricken with grief and the object of enough suspicion for the Crown to order an <a href="/wiki/Autopsy" title="Autopsy">autopsy</a> (rare at the time) on Venetia's body, secluded himself in <a href="/wiki/Gresham_College" title="Gresham College">Gresham College</a> and attempted to forget his personal woes through scientific experimentation and a return to Catholicism. At Gresham College he held an unofficial post, receiving no payment from the college. Digby, alongside Hungarian chemist <a href="/wiki/Johannes_Banfi_Hunyades" title="Johannes Banfi Hunyades">Johannes Banfi Hunyades</a>, constructed a laboratory under the lodgings of <a href="/wiki/Gresham_Professor_of_Divinity" title="Gresham Professor of Divinity">Gresham Professor of Divinity</a> where the two conducted <a href="/wiki/Botany" title="Botany">botanical</a> experiments.<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>At that period, public servants were often rewarded with patents of monopoly; Digby received the regional monopoly of <a href="/wiki/Sealing_wax" title="Sealing wax">sealing wax</a> in Wales and the <a href="/wiki/Welsh_Borders" class="mw-redirect" title="Welsh Borders">Welsh Borders</a>. This was a guaranteed income; more speculative were the monopolies of trade with the <a href="/wiki/Gulf_of_Guinea" title="Gulf of Guinea">Gulf of Guinea</a> and with <a href="/wiki/Canada" title="Canada">Canada</a>. These were doubtless more difficult to police. </p> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Anthony_van_Dyck_-_Family_portrait_of_Sir_Kenelm_Digby_and_Lady_Venetia_Anastasia_Stanley_with_their_sons_Kenelm_and_John.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/70/Anthony_van_Dyck_-_Family_portrait_of_Sir_Kenelm_Digby_and_Lady_Venetia_Anastasia_Stanley_with_their_sons_Kenelm_and_John.jpg/280px-Anthony_van_Dyck_-_Family_portrait_of_Sir_Kenelm_Digby_and_Lady_Venetia_Anastasia_Stanley_with_their_sons_Kenelm_and_John.jpg" decoding="async" width="280" height="192" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/70/Anthony_van_Dyck_-_Family_portrait_of_Sir_Kenelm_Digby_and_Lady_Venetia_Anastasia_Stanley_with_their_sons_Kenelm_and_John.jpg/420px-Anthony_van_Dyck_-_Family_portrait_of_Sir_Kenelm_Digby_and_Lady_Venetia_Anastasia_Stanley_with_their_sons_Kenelm_and_John.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/70/Anthony_van_Dyck_-_Family_portrait_of_Sir_Kenelm_Digby_and_Lady_Venetia_Anastasia_Stanley_with_their_sons_Kenelm_and_John.jpg/560px-Anthony_van_Dyck_-_Family_portrait_of_Sir_Kenelm_Digby_and_Lady_Venetia_Anastasia_Stanley_with_their_sons_Kenelm_and_John.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1188" data-file-height="813" /></a><figcaption><i>Family portrait of Sir Kenelm Digby and Lady Venetia Anastasia Stanley with their sons Kenelm and John</i> by van Dyck</figcaption></figure> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Marriage_and_children">Marriage and children</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kenelm_Digby&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Marriage and children"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Digby married Venetia Stanley in 1625.<sup id="cite_ref-Stain_3-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Stain-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> They had six sons: </p> <ul><li>Kenelm Jr. (1625–1648), killed at the <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_St_Neots_(1648)" title="Battle of St Neots (1648)">Battle of St Neots</a>, 10 July 1648.</li> <li>John (1627–?), only son to survive Digby. He married and had two daughters.</li> <li>Everard (1629–1629), died in infancy.</li> <li>unnamed twins (1632), miscarriage.</li> <li>George (<abbr title="circa">c.</abbr><span style="white-space:nowrap;"> 1633</span>–1648), died of illness in school.</li></ul> <p>In addition, there was a daughter, Margery. Born c. 1625, who married Edward Dudley of Clopton and had at least one child. She is never mentioned by Digby in his writings. She may have been the daughter of <a href="/wiki/Edward_Sackville,_4th_Earl_of_Dorset" title="Edward Sackville, 4th Earl of Dorset">Edward Sackville</a>, 4th Earl of Dorset and Venetia Stanley prior to her marriage to Sir Kenelm. The Earl of Dorset settled an annuity on her.<sup id="cite_ref-Stain_3-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Stain-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> There is some controversy and confusion about whether or not Venetia had affairs with both the third and fourth Earls of Dorset and, consequently, which Earl was the father of Margery.<sup id="cite_ref-Venetia_11-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Venetia-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Catholicism_and_Civil_War">Catholicism and Civil War</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kenelm_Digby&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Catholicism and Civil War"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Digby became a Catholic once more in 1635. He went into voluntary exile in Paris, where he spent most of his time until 1660. There he met both <a href="/wiki/Marin_Mersenne" title="Marin Mersenne">Marin Mersenne</a> and <a href="/wiki/Thomas_Hobbes" title="Thomas Hobbes">Thomas Hobbes</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Returning to support <a href="/wiki/Charles_I_of_England" title="Charles I of England">Charles I</a> in his struggle to establish <a href="/wiki/Episcopacy" class="mw-redirect" title="Episcopacy">episcopacy</a> in Scotland (the <a href="/wiki/Bishops%27_Wars" title="Bishops' Wars">Bishops' Wars</a>), he found himself increasingly unpopular with the growing <a href="/wiki/Puritan" class="mw-redirect" title="Puritan">Puritan</a> party. In the time between 1639 and 1640, he supported <a href="/wiki/Charles_I_of_England" title="Charles I of England">Charles I</a>'s expedition against the Presbyterian Scots.<sup id="cite_ref-britannica.com_13-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-britannica.com-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He left England for France again in 1641. Following an incident in which he killed a French nobleman, Mont le Ros, in a duel,<sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> he returned to England via <a href="/wiki/Flanders" title="Flanders">Flanders</a> in 1642, and was jailed by the <a href="/wiki/House_of_Commons_of_the_United_Kingdom" title="House of Commons of the United Kingdom">House of Commons</a>. He was eventually released at the intervention of <a href="/wiki/Anne_of_Austria" title="Anne of Austria">Anne of Austria</a>, and went back again to France. He remained there during the remainder of the period of the <a href="/wiki/English_Civil_War" title="English Civil War">English Civil War</a>. <a href="/wiki/Parliament_of_England" title="Parliament of England">Parliament</a> declared his property in England forfeit. </p><p>Queen <a href="/wiki/Henrietta_Maria" class="mw-redirect" title="Henrietta Maria">Henrietta Maria</a> had fled England in 1644, and he became her Chancellor. He was then engaged in unsuccessful attempts to solicit support for the English monarchy from <a href="/wiki/Pope_Innocent_X" title="Pope Innocent X">Pope Innocent X</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-britannica.com_13-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-britannica.com-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> His son, also called Kenelm, was killed at the <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_St_Neots" class="mw-redirect" title="Battle of St Neots">Battle of St Neots</a>, 1648. Following the establishment of <a href="/wiki/The_Protectorate" title="The Protectorate">the Protectorate</a> under <a href="/wiki/Oliver_Cromwell" title="Oliver Cromwell">Oliver Cromwell</a>, who believed in freedom of conscience,<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (August 2016)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> Digby was received by the government as a sort of unofficial representative of English Roman Catholics, and was sent in 1655 on a mission to the <a href="/wiki/Papacy" class="mw-redirect" title="Papacy">Papacy</a> to try to reach an understanding.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (August 2016)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> This again proved unsuccessful. </p><p>At the <a href="/wiki/English_Restoration" class="mw-redirect" title="English Restoration">Restoration</a>, Digby found himself in favour with the new regime due to his ties with Henrietta Maria, the Queen Mother. However, he was often in trouble with <a href="/wiki/Charles_II_of_England" title="Charles II of England">Charles II</a>, and was once even banished from Court. Nonetheless, he was generally highly regarded until his death, a month before his 62nd birthday, from "the stone", likely caused by <a href="/wiki/Kidney_stones" class="mw-redirect" title="Kidney stones">kidney stones</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He was buried in his wife's tomb (which was damaged in the <a href="/wiki/Great_Fire_of_London" title="Great Fire of London">great fire of 1666</a>), in <a href="/wiki/Christ_Church,_Newgate_Street" class="mw-redirect" title="Christ Church, Newgate Street">Christ Church, Newgate Street</a>, London. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Character_and_works">Character and works</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kenelm_Digby&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Character and works"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Digby published a work of <a href="/wiki/Apologetics" title="Apologetics">apologetics</a> in 1638, <i>A Conference with a Lady about choice of a Religion</i>.<sup id="cite_ref-EB_4-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-EB-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In it he argued that the Catholic Church, possessing alone the qualifications of universality, unity of doctrine and uninterrupted <a href="/wiki/Apostolic_succession" title="Apostolic succession">apostolic succession</a>, is the only true church, and that the intrusion of error into it is impossible.<sup id="cite_ref-EB_4-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-EB-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Digby was regarded as an eccentric by contemporaries, partly because of his effusive personality, and partly because of his interests in scientific matters. <a href="/wiki/Henry_Stubbe" title="Henry Stubbe">Henry Stubbe</a> called him "the very Pliny of our age for lying".<sup id="cite_ref-EB_4-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-EB-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He lived in a time when scientific enquiry had not settled down in any disciplined way. He spent enormous time and effort in the pursuits of <a href="/wiki/Astrology" title="Astrology">astrology</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Alchemy" title="Alchemy">alchemy</a> which he studied in the 1630s with Van Dyck.<sup id="cite_ref-Westfall_16-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Westfall-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Galileo_18-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Galileo-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Notable among his pursuits was the concept of the <a href="/wiki/Powder_of_sympathy" title="Powder of sympathy">powder of sympathy</a>. This was a kind of <a href="/wiki/Sympathetic_magic" title="Sympathetic magic">sympathetic magic</a>; one manufactured a powder using appropriate <a href="/wiki/Astrology" title="Astrology">astrological</a> techniques, and daubed it, not on the injured part, but on whatever had caused the injury. His book on this mythical salve went through 29 editions.<sup id="cite_ref-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Synchronising the effects of the powder, which allegedly caused a noticeable effect on the patient when applied, was actually suggested in 1687 as a means of solving the <a href="/wiki/Longitude" title="Longitude">longitude</a> problem. </p><p>In 1644 he published together two major philosophical treatises, <i>The Nature of Bodies</i> and <i>On the Immortality of Reasonable Souls</i>.<sup id="cite_ref-CE_5-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-CE-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The latter was translated into Latin in 1661 by <a href="/wiki/John_Leyburn" title="John Leyburn">John Leyburn</a>. These <i>Two Treatises</i> were his major natural-philosophical works, and showed a combination of <a href="/wiki/Aristotelianism" title="Aristotelianism">Aristotelianism</a> and <a href="/wiki/Atomism" title="Atomism">atomism</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Pyle_20-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Pyle-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Kenelm_Digby_1667_Discours_sur_la_vegetation_des_plantes.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e3/Kenelm_Digby_1667_Discours_sur_la_vegetation_des_plantes.jpg/220px-Kenelm_Digby_1667_Discours_sur_la_vegetation_des_plantes.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="364" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e3/Kenelm_Digby_1667_Discours_sur_la_vegetation_des_plantes.jpg/330px-Kenelm_Digby_1667_Discours_sur_la_vegetation_des_plantes.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e3/Kenelm_Digby_1667_Discours_sur_la_vegetation_des_plantes.jpg/440px-Kenelm_Digby_1667_Discours_sur_la_vegetation_des_plantes.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2580" data-file-height="4272" /></a><figcaption><i>Discours sur la vegetation des plantes</i>, 1667</figcaption></figure> <p>He was in touch with the leading intellectuals of the time, and was highly regarded by them; he was a founding member of the <a href="/wiki/Royal_Society" title="Royal Society">Royal Society</a><sup id="cite_ref-EB_4-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-EB-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Westfall_16-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Westfall-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and a member of its governing council from 1662 to 1663. His correspondence with <a href="/wiki/Pierre_de_Fermat" title="Pierre de Fermat">Fermat</a> contains the only extant mathematical proof by Fermat, a demonstration, using his <a href="/wiki/Proof_by_infinite_descent" title="Proof by infinite descent">method of descent</a>, that the area of a Pythagorean triangle cannot be a square.<sup id="cite_ref-21" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> His <i>Discourse Concerning the Vegetation of Plants</i> (1661) proved controversial among the Royal Society's members.<sup id="cite_ref-22" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It was published in French in 1667. Digby is credited with being the first person to note the importance of "vital air", or <a href="/wiki/Oxygen" title="Oxygen">oxygen</a>, to the sustenance of plants.<sup id="cite_ref-23" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He also came up with a crude theory of photosynthesis.<sup id="cite_ref-ReferenceA_9-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ReferenceA-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Digby is known for the publication of a <a href="/wiki/Cookbook" title="Cookbook">cookbook</a>, <i><a href="/wiki/The_Closet_of_the_Eminently_Learned_Sir_Kenelme_Digbie_Kt._Opened" class="mw-redirect" title="The Closet of the Eminently Learned Sir Kenelme Digbie Kt. Opened">The Closet of the Eminently Learned Sir Kenelme Digbie Kt. Opened</a>,</i><sup id="cite_ref-EB_4-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-EB-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> but it was actually published by a close servant, from his notes, in 1669, several years after his death. It is currently considered an excellent source of period recipes, particularly for beverages such as <a href="/wiki/Mead" title="Mead">mead</a>. He tried out many of his recipes on his wife, Venetia, one of which was <a href="/wiki/Capon" title="Capon">capons</a> fed on the flesh of <a href="/wiki/Viper" title="Viper">vipers</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-24" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Digby is also considered the father of the modern <a href="/wiki/Wine_bottle" title="Wine bottle">wine bottle</a>. During the 1630s, Digby owned a glassworks and manufactured <a href="/wiki/Glass_onion" title="Glass onion">glass onions</a>, which were globular in shape with a high, tapered neck, a collar, and a punt. His manufacturing technique involved a coal furnace, made hotter than usual by the inclusion of a wind tunnel, and a higher ratio of sand to <a href="/wiki/Potash" title="Potash">potash</a> and <a href="/wiki/Lime_(mineral)" class="mw-redirect" title="Lime (mineral)">lime</a> than was customary. Digby's technique produced wine bottles which were stronger and more stable than most of their day, and which due to their translucent green or brown color protected the contents from light. During his exile and prison term, others claimed his technique as their own, but in 1662 Parliament recognised his claim to the invention as valid.<sup id="cite_ref-Estreicher_25-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Estreicher-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="In_fiction">In fiction</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kenelm_Digby&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: In fiction"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Digby and his wife are the subjects of the 2014 literary novel <i>Viper Wine</i> by <a href="/wiki/Hermione_Eyre" title="Hermione Eyre">Hermione Eyre</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-26" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>He is mentioned in <a href="/wiki/Nathaniel_Hawthorne" title="Nathaniel Hawthorne">Nathaniel Hawthorne</a>'s novel <i><a href="/wiki/The_Scarlet_Letter" title="The Scarlet Letter">The Scarlet Letter</a></i>. In the chapter titled "The Leech", the narrator describes the antagonist, Chillingworth, as having an impressive knowledge of medicine, remarking that Chillingworth claims to have been a colleague of Digby "and other famous men" in the study of natural philosophy. Digby's "scientific attainments" are called "hardly less than supernatural". </p><p>Digby also appears in <a href="/wiki/Umberto_Eco" title="Umberto Eco">Umberto Eco</a>'s novel <i><a href="/wiki/The_Island_of_the_Day_Before" title="The Island of the Day Before">The Island of the Day Before</a></i> as "Mr. d'Igby". He explains the principle of his <a href="/wiki/Powder_of_sympathy" title="Powder of sympathy">sympathetic powder</a> (<i>unguentum armarium</i>) to the main character. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kenelm_Digby&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Digby_Mythographer" title="Digby Mythographer">Digby Mythographer</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Closet_of_the_Eminently_Learned_Sir_Kenelme_Digbie_Kt._Opened" class="mw-redirect" title="The Closet of the Eminently Learned Sir Kenelme Digbie Kt. Opened">The Closet of the Eminently Learned Sir Kenelme Digbie Kt. Opened</a></i> – a 1669 cookery book supposedly based on Digby's writings</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kenelm_Digby&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-Pointer-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Pointer_1-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFPointer1749" class="citation book cs1">Pointer, John (1749). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=pHZbAAAAQAAJ&pg=PA186"><i>Oxoniensis Academia: Or, The Antiquities and Curiosities of the University of Oxford</i></a>. Oxford: S. Birt, in Ave-Maria Lane; and J. Ward, in Little-Britain. p. 186<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">5 May</span> 2015</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Oxoniensis+Academia%3A+Or%2C+The+Antiquities+and+Curiosities+of+the+University+of+Oxford&rft.place=Oxford&rft.pages=186&rft.pub=S.+Birt%2C+in+Ave-Maria+Lane%3B+and+J.+Ward%2C+in+Little-Britain&rft.date=1749&rft.aulast=Pointer&rft.aufirst=John&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DpHZbAAAAQAAJ%26pg%3DPA186&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKenelm+Digby" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Academies-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Academies_2-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFStorr1911" class="citation encyclopaedia cs1">Storr, Francis (1911). <span class="cs1-ws-icon" title="s:1911 Encyclopædia Britannica/Academies"><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/1911_Encyclop%C3%A6dia_Britannica/Academies">"Academies" </a></span>. In <a href="/wiki/Hugh_Chisholm" title="Hugh Chisholm">Chisholm, Hugh</a> (ed.). <i><a href="/wiki/Encyclop%C3%A6dia_Britannica_Eleventh_Edition" title="Encyclopædia Britannica Eleventh Edition">Encyclopædia Britannica</a></i>. Vol. 1 (11th ed.). Cambridge University Press. p. 105.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Academies&rft.btitle=Encyclop%C3%A6dia+Britannica&rft.pages=105&rft.edition=11th&rft.pub=Cambridge+University+Press&rft.date=1911&rft.aulast=Storr&rft.aufirst=Francis&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKenelm+Digby" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Stain-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Stain_3-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Stain_3-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Stain_3-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation book cs1"><i>A Stain in the Blood</i>. 2016.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=A+Stain+in+the+Blood&rft.date=2016&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKenelm+Digby" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-EB-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-EB_4-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-EB_4-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-EB_4-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-EB_4-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-EB_4-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-EB_4-5"><sup><i><b>f</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-EB_4-6"><sup><i><b>g</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-EB_4-7"><sup><i><b>h</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-EB_4-8"><sup><i><b>i</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-EB_4-9"><sup><i><b>j</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-EB_4-10"><sup><i><b>k</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFYorke1911" class="citation encyclopaedia cs1">Yorke, Philip Chesney (1911). <span class="cs1-ws-icon" title="s:1911 Encyclopædia Britannica/Digby, Sir Kenelm"><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/1911_Encyclop%C3%A6dia_Britannica/Digby,_Sir_Kenelm">"Digby, Sir Kenelm" </a></span>. In <a href="/wiki/Hugh_Chisholm" title="Hugh Chisholm">Chisholm, Hugh</a> (ed.). <i><a href="/wiki/Encyclop%C3%A6dia_Britannica_Eleventh_Edition" title="Encyclopædia Britannica Eleventh Edition">Encyclopædia Britannica</a></i>. Vol. 8 (11th ed.). Cambridge University Press. pp. 261–262.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Digby%2C+Sir+Kenelm&rft.btitle=Encyclop%C3%A6dia+Britannica&rft.pages=261-262&rft.edition=11th&rft.pub=Cambridge+University+Press&rft.date=1911&rft.aulast=Yorke&rft.aufirst=Philip+Chesney&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKenelm+Digby" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-CE-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-CE_5-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-CE_5-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBoothman1908" class="citation encyclopaedia cs1">Boothman, Charles (1908). <span class="cs1-ws-icon" title="s:Catholic Encyclopedia (1913)/Sir Kenelm Digby"><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/Catholic_Encyclopedia_(1913)/Sir_Kenelm_Digby">"Sir Kenelm Digby" </a></span>. In Herbermann, Charles (ed.). <i><a href="/wiki/Catholic_Encyclopedia" title="Catholic Encyclopedia">Catholic Encyclopedia</a></i>. Vol. 4. New York: Robert Appleton Company.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Sir+Kenelm+Digby&rft.btitle=Catholic+Encyclopedia&rft.place=New+York&rft.pub=Robert+Appleton+Company&rft.date=1908&rft.aulast=Boothman&rft.aufirst=Charles&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKenelm+Digby" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Bodleian-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Bodleian_6-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.bodley.ox.ac.uk/dept/scwmss/wmss/online/1500-1900/digbyCLD/digbyCLD.html">"Collection Level Description: Digby Manuscripts"</a>. <i>Bodleian Library</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">5 May</span> 2015</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Bodleian+Library&rft.atitle=Collection+Level+Description%3A+Digby+Manuscripts&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.bodley.ox.ac.uk%2Fdept%2Fscwmss%2Fwmss%2Fonline%2F1500-1900%2FdigbyCLD%2FdigbyCLD.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKenelm+Digby" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFACADDGBY624K" class="citation encyclopaedia cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://venn.lib.cam.ac.uk/cgi-bin/search-2018.pl?sur=&suro=w&fir=&firo=c&cit=&cito=c&c=all&z=all&tex=DGBY624K&sye=&eye=&col=all&maxcount=50">"Kenelm Digby (DGBY624K)"</a>. <i>A Cambridge Alumni Database</i>. University of Cambridge.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Kenelm+Digby+%28DGBY624K%29&rft.btitle=A+Cambridge+Alumni+Database&rft.pub=University+of+Cambridge&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fvenn.lib.cam.ac.uk%2Fcgi-bin%2Fsearch-2018.pl%3Fsur%3D%26suro%3Dw%26fir%3D%26firo%3Dc%26cit%3D%26cito%3Dc%26c%3Dall%26z%3Dall%26tex%3DDGBY624K%26sye%3D%26eye%3D%26col%3Dall%26maxcount%3D50&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKenelm+Digby" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-8">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Davida Rubin, Kenneth Garth Huston. <i>Sir Kenelm Digby, F.R.S., 1603–1665: a bibliography ...</i> (1969), p. 2.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-ReferenceA-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-ReferenceA_9-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-ReferenceA_9-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMoshenska2016" class="citation book cs1">Moshenska, Joe (2016). <i>A Stain in the Blood: The Remarkable Voyage of Sir Kenelm Digby</i>. London: Heinemann. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780434022892" title="Special:BookSources/9780434022892"><bdi>9780434022892</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=A+Stain+in+the+Blood%3A+The+Remarkable+Voyage+of+Sir+Kenelm+Digby&rft.place=London&rft.pub=Heinemann&rft.date=2016&rft.isbn=9780434022892&rft.aulast=Moshenska&rft.aufirst=Joe&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKenelm+Digby" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-10">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAdamson1980" class="citation journal cs1">Adamson, I. R. (1980). "The Administration of Gresham College and its Fluctuating Fortunes as a Scientific Institution in the Seventeenth Century". <i>History of Education</i>. <b>9</b> (1): 20. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1080%2F0046760800090102">10.1080/0046760800090102</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=History+of+Education&rft.atitle=The+Administration+of+Gresham+College+and+its+Fluctuating+Fortunes+as+a+Scientific+Institution+in+the+Seventeenth+Century&rft.volume=9&rft.issue=1&rft.pages=20&rft.date=1980&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1080%2F0046760800090102&rft.aulast=Adamson&rft.aufirst=I.+R.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKenelm+Digby" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Venetia-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Venetia_11-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation book cs1"><i>Sir Kenelm Digby and His Venetia</i>. 1932.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Sir+Kenelm+Digby+and+His+Venetia&rft.date=1932&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKenelm+Digby" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-12">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/wiki/Desmond_M._Clarke" class="mw-redirect" title="Desmond M. Clarke">Desmond M. Clarke</a>, <i>Descartes: A Biography</i> (2006), p. 279.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-britannica.com-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-britannica.com_13-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-britannica.com_13-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Britannica, The Editors of Encyclopaedia. "Sir Kenelm Digby". Encyclopedia Britannica, 7 Jul. 2022, <a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="https://www.britannica.com/biography/Kenelm-Digby">https://www.britannica.com/biography/Kenelm-Digby</a>. Accessed 15 February 2023.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-14">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/wiki/John_Farquhar_Fulton" title="John Farquhar Fulton">John F. Fulton</a>, <i>Sir Kenelm Digby, F.R.S. (1603–1665)</i>, Notes and Records of the Royal Society of London, Vol. 15, (Jul. 1960), pp. 199–210.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-15">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/wiki/Richard_Westfall" class="mw-redirect" title="Richard Westfall">Richard Westfall</a>. <i>Science and Religion in Seventeenth-Century England</i> (1973), p. 142.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Westfall-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Westfall_16-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Westfall_16-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/wiki/Richard_Westfall" class="mw-redirect" title="Richard Westfall">Richard Westfall</a>. <i>Science and Religion in Seventeenth-Century England</i> (1973), p. 16.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-17">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Bruce Janacek, <i>Catholic Natural Philosophy: Alchemy and the Revivification of Sir Kenelm Digby</i>, pp. 89–118 in Margaret J. Osler (editor), <i>Rethinking the Scientific Revolution</i> (2000).</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Galileo-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Galileo_18-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://galileo.rice.edu/Catalog/NewFiles/digby.html">"Digby, Kenelm"</a>. <i>The Galileo Project</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">5 May</span> 2015</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+Galileo+Project&rft.atitle=Digby%2C+Kenelm&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fgalileo.rice.edu%2FCatalog%2FNewFiles%2Fdigby.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKenelm+Digby" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-19"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-19">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/wiki/Keith_Thomas_(historian)" title="Keith Thomas (historian)">Keith Thomas</a>, <i>Religion and the Decline of Magic</i> (1973), p. 225.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Pyle-20"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Pyle_20-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/wiki/Andrew_Pyle_(philosopher)" title="Andrew Pyle (philosopher)">Andrew Pyle</a> (editor), <i>Dictionary of Seventeenth-Century British Philosophers</i> (2000), article <i>Digby, Kenelm</i>, pp. 258–261.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-21"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-21">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGoldstein1995" class="citation book cs1">Goldstein, Catherine (1995). <i>Un théorème de Fermat et ses lecteurs</i>. Saint-Denis: Presses Universaires de Vincennes.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Un+th%C3%A9or%C3%A8me+de+Fermat+et+ses+lecteurs&rft.place=Saint-Denis&rft.pub=Presses+Universaires+de+Vincennes&rft.date=1995&rft.aulast=Goldstein&rft.aufirst=Catherine&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKenelm+Digby" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-22"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-22">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Julie Robin Solomon, Catherine Gimelli Martin (editors), <i>Francis Bacon and the Refiguring of Early Modern Thought: Essays to Commemorate The Advancement of Learning (1605–2005)</i> (2005), p. 196.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-23"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-23">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.bartleby.com/218/1511.html">The Cambridge History of English and American Literature, Vol. VIII.</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-24"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-24">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBradley1912" class="citation book cs1">Bradley, Rose (1912). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/stream/englishhousewife00braduoft#page/88/mode/2up"><i>The English Housewife in the Seventeenth & Eighteenth Centuries</i></a>. London: E. Arnold. p. 88.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+English+Housewife+in+the+Seventeenth+%26+Eighteenth+Centuries&rft.place=London&rft.pages=88&rft.pub=E.+Arnold&rft.date=1912&rft.aulast=Bradley&rft.aufirst=Rose&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fstream%2Fenglishhousewife00braduoft%23page%2F88%2Fmode%2F2up&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKenelm+Digby" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Estreicher-25"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Estreicher_25-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFStefan_K._Estreicher2006" class="citation book cs1">Stefan K. Estreicher (2006). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=hCzUiYsGNwkC&dq=Glass+onion+bottle&pg=PA73"><i>Wine: From Neolithic Times to the 21st Century</i></a>. Algora Publishing. pp. 73–74. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780875864778" title="Special:BookSources/9780875864778"><bdi>9780875864778</bdi></a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">15 July</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Wine%3A+From+Neolithic+Times+to+the+21st+Century&rft.pages=73-74&rft.pub=Algora+Publishing&rft.date=2006&rft.isbn=9780875864778&rft.au=Stefan+K.+Estreicher&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DhCzUiYsGNwkC%26dq%3DGlass%2Bonion%2Bbottle%26pg%3DPA73&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKenelm+Digby" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-26"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-26">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">London: Jonathan Cape. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780224097598" title="Special:BookSources/9780224097598">9780224097598</a></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Further_reading">Further reading</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kenelm_Digby&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Further reading"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>Bligh, E. W. <i>Sir Kenelm Digby and his Venetia</i>, London: S. Low, Marston, 1932</li> <li>Fulton, John Farquhar. <i>Sir Kenelm Digby: Writer, Bibliophile and Protagonist of William Harvey</i>, New York: Oliver, 1937</li> <li>Longueville, Thomas. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/bub_gb_P2jSAAAAMAAJ"><i>The Life of Sir Kenelm Digby</i></a> Longmans, Green, and Co., 1896</li> <li>Peterson, Robert T. <i>Sir Kenelm Digby, the Ornament of England, 1603–1665</i>, Cambridge, Mass.: Harvard University Press, 1956.</li> <li>Gabrieli, V. <i>Sir Kenelm Digby. Un inglese italianato nell' etá della contrariforma</i>. Roma, 1957</li> <li>L. Georgescu/H. Adriaenssen (eds.), <i>The philosophy of Kenelm Digby</i> <i>(1602-1665)</i>, Heidelberg 2022</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kenelm_Digby&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1235681985">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #aaa;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em;background-color:var(--background-color-interactive-subtle,#f8f9fa);display:flow-root}.mw-parser-output .side-box-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{padding:0.25em 0.9em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-image{padding:2px 0 2px 0.9em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-imageright{padding:2px 0.9em 2px 0;text-align:center}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .side-box-flex{display:flex;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{flex:1;min-width:0}}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .side-box{width:238px}.mw-parser-output .side-box-right{clear:right;float:right;margin-left:1em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-left{margin-right:1em}}</style><div class="side-box metadata side-box-right"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1126788409">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style> <div class="side-box-abovebelow"> <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:The_Wikipedia_Library" title="Wikipedia:The Wikipedia Library">Library resources</a> about <br /> <b>Kenelm Digby</b> <hr /></div> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-text plainlist"><ul><li><a class="external text" href="https://ftl.toolforge.org/cgi-bin/ftl?st=viaf&su=49357645">Resources in your library</a></li> <li><a class="external text" href="https://ftl.toolforge.org/cgi-bin/ftl?st=viaf&su=49357645&library=0CHOOSE0">Resources in other libraries</a></li> </ul></div></div> <div class="side-box-abovebelow"><b>By Kenelm Digby</b> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"><div class="plainlist"> <ul><li><a class="external text" href="https://ftl.toolforge.org/cgi-bin/ftl?at=viaf&au=49357645&library=OLBP">Online books</a></li> <li><a class="external text" href="https://ftl.toolforge.org/cgi-bin/ftl?at=viaf&au=49357645">Resources in your library</a></li> <li><a class="external text" href="https://ftl.toolforge.org/cgi-bin/ftl?at=viaf&au=49357645&library=0CHOOSE0">Resources in other libraries</a></li></ul> </div></div> </div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.gutenberg.org/ebooks/author/6716">Works by Kenelm Digby</a> at <a href="/wiki/Project_Gutenberg" title="Project Gutenberg">Project Gutenberg</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/search.php?query=%28%28subject%3A%22Digby%2C%20Sir%20Kenelm%22%20OR%20subject%3A%22Digby%2C%20Sir%20K%2E%22%20OR%20subject%3A%22Digby%2C%20S%2E%20K%2E%22%20OR%20subject%3A%22Sir%20Kenelm%20Digby%22%20OR%20subject%3A%22Sir%20K%2E%20Digby%22%20OR%20subject%3A%22S%2E%20K%2E%20Digby%22%20OR%20creator%3A%22Sir%20Kenelm%20Digby%22%20OR%20creator%3A%22Sir%20K%2E%20Digby%22%20OR%20creator%3A%22S%2E%20K%2E%20Digby%22%20OR%20creator%3A%22S%2E%20Kenelm%20Digby%22%20OR%20creator%3A%22Digby%2C%20Sir%20Kenelm%22%20OR%20creator%3A%22Digby%2C%20Sir%20K%2E%22%20OR%20creator%3A%22Digby%2C%20S%2E%20K%2E%22%20OR%20creator%3A%22Digby%2C%20S%2E%20Kenelm%22%20OR%20title%3A%22Sir%20Kenelm%20Digby%22%20OR%20title%3A%22Sir%20K%2E%20Digby%22%20OR%20title%3A%22S%2E%20K%2E%20Digby%22%20OR%20description%3A%22Sir%20Kenelm%20Digby%22%20OR%20description%3A%22Sir%20K%2E%20Digby%22%20OR%20description%3A%22S%2E%20K%2E%20Digby%22%20OR%20description%3A%22Digby%2C%20Sir%20Kenelm%22%20OR%20description%3A%22Digby%2C%20Sir%20K%2E%22%29%20OR%20%28%221603-1665%22%20AND%20Digby%29%29%20AND%20%28-mediatype:software%29">Works by or about Kenelm Digby</a> at the <a href="/wiki/Internet_Archive" title="Internet Archive">Internet Archive</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://penelope.uchicago.edu/relmed/observations.html">Digby's Observations upon <i>Religio Medici</i></a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.thearma.org/essays/digby.html">The Extraordinary Streetfight of Kenelm Digby, The Association of Renaissance Martial Arts</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.smith.edu/libraries/libs/rarebook/collections.htm">Mortimer Rare Book Room, Smith College </a></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://discovery.nationalarchives.gov.uk/details/c/F44088">"Archival material relating to Kenelm Digby"</a>. <a href="/wiki/The_National_Archives_(United_Kingdom)" title="The National Archives (United Kingdom)">UK National Archives</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Archival+material+relating+to+Kenelm+Digby&rft.pub=UK+National+Archives&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fdiscovery.nationalarchives.gov.uk%2Fdetails%2Fc%2FF44088&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKenelm+Digby" class="Z3988"></span> <span class="mw-valign-text-top noprint" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q45838#P3029" title="Edit this at Wikidata"><img alt="Edit this at Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></span></li> <li>A short extract from one of Digby's <a href="/wiki/File:Alchemy-Digby-RareSecrets.png" title="File:Alchemy-Digby-RareSecrets.png">books on alchemy</a></li> <li><i>Medicina experimentalis Digbaeana, das ist: Außerlesene und bewährte Artzeney-Mittel : auß weiland Herrn Grafen Digby ... Manuscriptis zusammen gebracht; übers. und an Tag gegeben</i> . Bd. 1–2 . Zubrodt, Franckfurt Nunmehro ... übersehen und ... verm. 1676 <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:hbz:061:2-170405">Digital edition</a> by the <a href="/wiki/University_and_State_Library_D%C3%BCsseldorf" title="University and State Library Düsseldorf">University and State Library Düsseldorf</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160325045657/http://www.johnsutton.net/DigbyResources.html">SIR KENELM DIGBY 1603-1665, Resources and References by John Sutton</a></li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline 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.navbar{float:left;text-align:left;margin-right:0.5em}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .navbox-image img{max-width:none!important}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .navbox{display:none!important}}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1038841319">.mw-parser-output .tooltip-dotted{border-bottom:1px dotted;cursor:help}</style></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox authority-control" aria-labelledby="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q45838#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q45838#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Help:Authority_control" title="Help:Authority control">Authority control databases</a> <span class="mw-valign-text-top noprint" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q45838#identifiers" title="Edit this at Wikidata"><img alt="Edit this at Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, 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style="width:1%">National</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://d-nb.info/gnd/118671936">Germany</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.loc.gov/authorities/n50028806">United States</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb13006891c">France</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://data.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb13006891c">BnF data</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><span class="rt-commentedText tooltip tooltip-dotted" title="Digby, Kenelm <1603-1665>"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://opac.sbn.it/nome/CFIV117379">Italy</a></span></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://nla.gov.au/anbd.aut-an35036071">Australia</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://aleph.nkp.cz/F/?func=find-c&local_base=aut&ccl_term=ica=nlk20000090839&CON_LNG=ENG">Czech Republic</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://catalogo.bne.es/uhtbin/authoritybrowse.cgi?action=display&authority_id=XX1277308">Spain</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://data.bibliotheken.nl/id/thes/p069036489">Netherlands</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://kopkatalogs.lv/F?func=direct&local_base=lnc10&doc_number=000304803&P_CON_LNG=ENG">Latvia</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://libris.kb.se/khw04rf33h0ssd2">Sweden</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://dbn.bn.org.pl/descriptor-details/9810656561105606">Poland</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a class="external text" href="https://wikidata-externalid-url.toolforge.org/?p=8034&url_prefix=https://opac.vatlib.it/auth/detail/&id=495/110066">Vatican</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://olduli.nli.org.il/F/?func=find-b&local_base=NLX10&find_code=UID&request=987007260561405171">Israel</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://cantic.bnc.cat/registre/981058522306206706">Catalonia</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://opac.kbr.be/LIBRARY/doc/AUTHORITY/14555762">Belgium</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Academics</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ci.nii.ac.jp/author/DA05185898?l=en">CiNii</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Artists</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.getty.edu/vow/ULANFullDisplay?find=&role=&nation=&subjectid=500341414">ULAN</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://rkd.nl/en/explore/artists/463505">RKD Artists</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">People</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://trove.nla.gov.au/people/808020">Trove</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.deutsche-biographie.de/pnd118671936.html?language=en">Deutsche Biographie</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.deutsche-digitale-bibliothek.de/person/gnd/118671936">DDB</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.idref.fr/033768021">IdRef</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://snaccooperative.org/ark:/99166/w6nz8dsp">SNAC</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div 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