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data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r35359648">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox-header,body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox-subheader,body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox-above,body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox-title,body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox-image,body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data,body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox-below{text-align:center}</style> <p><b>آناباسیس</b> روایت‌گر اردوکشی <a href="https://fa-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%DA%A9%D9%88%D8%B1%D8%B4_%DA%A9%D9%88%DA%86%DA%A9?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="کورش کوچک">کورش کوچک</a><sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="https://fa-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%D8%A2%D9%86%D8%A7%D8%A8%D8%A7%D8%B3%DB%8C%D8%B3?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>الف<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> علیه برادرش <a href="https://fa-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%D8%A7%D8%B1%D8%AF%D8%B4%DB%8C%D8%B1_%D8%AF%D9%88%D9%85_(%D9%87%D8%AE%D8%A7%D9%85%D9%86%D8%B4%DB%8C)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="اردشیر دوم (هخامنشی)">اردشیر دوم</a> با امید تسخیر تخت <a href="https://fa-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%D8%B4%D8%A7%D9%87%D9%86%D8%B4%D8%A7%D9%87%DB%8C_%D9%87%D8%AE%D8%A7%D9%85%D9%86%D8%B4%DB%8C?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="شاهنشاهی هخامنشی">شاهنشاهی هخامنشی</a> برای خودش، عقب‌نشینی «ده هزار» مزدور یونانی ارتش کورش از <a href="https://fa-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%D8%A8%D8%A7%D8%A8%D9%84_(%D8%AF%D9%88%D9%84%D8%AA%E2%80%8C%D8%B4%D9%87%D8%B1)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="بابل (دولت‌شهر)">بابل</a> تا <a href="https://fa-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%D8%AF%D8%B1%DB%8C%D8%A7%DB%8C_%D8%B3%DB%8C%D8%A7%D9%87?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="دریای سیاه">دریای سیاه</a> پس از کشته شدن او، و در نهایت بازگشت ایشان به غرب <a href="https://fa-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%D8%A2%D8%B3%DB%8C%D8%A7%DB%8C_%D8%B5%D8%BA%DB%8C%D8%B1?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="آسیای صغیر">آسیای صغیر</a> است. نگارندهٔ این اثر، <a href="https://fa-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%DA%AF%D8%B2%D9%86%D9%81%D9%88%D9%86?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="گزنفون">گزنفون</a>، همراه این نیرو بود و شاهد عینی وقایعی بود که شرحشان در آناباسیس رفته‌است.</p> <table class="infobox vcard"> <caption class="infobox-title" style="font-size:125%; font-style:italic;padding-bottom:0.2em;"> آناباسیس<span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=%D8%A2%D9%86%D8%A7%D8%A8%D8%A7%D8%B3%DB%8C%D8%B3&rft.author=%5B%5B%DA%A9%D8%B3%D9%86%D9%88%D9%81%D9%88%D9%86%5D%5D"></span> </caption> <tbody> <tr> <td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://fa-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%D9%BE%D8%B1%D9%88%D9%86%D8%AF%D9%87:Xenophon_and_the_ten_thousand_hail_the_sea.jpg?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4e/Xenophon_and_the_ten_thousand_hail_the_sea.jpg/220px-Xenophon_and_the_ten_thousand_hail_the_sea.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="332" class="mw-file-element" srcset="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4e/Xenophon_and_the_ten_thousand_hail_the_sea.jpg/330px-Xenophon_and_the_ten_thousand_hail_the_sea.jpg 1.5x,https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4e/Xenophon_and_the_ten_thousand_hail_the_sea.jpg/440px-Xenophon_and_the_ten_thousand_hail_the_sea.jpg 2x" data-file-width="489" data-file-height="738"></a></span></td> </tr> <tr> <th scope="row" class="infobox-label">نویسنده(ها)</th> <td class="infobox-data"><a href="https://fa-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%DA%A9%D8%B3%D9%86%D9%88%D9%81%D9%88%D9%86?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="کسنوفون">کسنوفون</a></td> </tr> <tr> <th scope="row" class="infobox-label">کشور</th> <td class="infobox-data"><a href="https://fa-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%DB%8C%D9%88%D9%86%D8%A7%D9%86?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="یونان">یونان</a></td> </tr> <tr> <th scope="row" class="infobox-label">زبان</th> <td class="infobox-data"><a href="https://fa-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%D8%B2%D8%A8%D8%A7%D9%86_%DB%8C%D9%88%D9%86%D8%A7%D9%86%DB%8C_%D8%A8%D8%A7%D8%B3%D8%AA%D8%A7%D9%86?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="زبان یونانی باستان">زبان یونانی باستان</a></td> </tr> </tbody> </table> <div id="toc" class="toc" role="navigation" aria-labelledby="mw-toc-heading"> <input type="checkbox" role="button" id="toctogglecheckbox" class="toctogglecheckbox" style="display:none"> <div class="toctitle" lang="fa" dir="rtl"> <h2 id="mw-toc-heading">فهرست</h2><span class="toctogglespan"><label class="toctogglelabel" for="toctogglecheckbox"></label></span> </div> <ul> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-1"><a href="https://fa-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%D8%A2%D9%86%D8%A7%D8%A8%D8%A7%D8%B3%DB%8C%D8%B3?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#%D8%B9%D9%86%D9%88%D8%A7%D9%86"><span class="tocnumber">۱</span> <span class="toctext">عنوان</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-2"><a href="https://fa-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%D8%A2%D9%86%D8%A7%D8%A8%D8%A7%D8%B3%DB%8C%D8%B3?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#%D8%B2%D9%85%DB%8C%D9%86%D9%87%D9%94_%D8%AA%D8%A7%D8%B1%DB%8C%D8%AE%DB%8C"><span class="tocnumber">۲</span> <span class="toctext">زمینهٔ تاریخی</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-3"><a href="https://fa-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%D8%A2%D9%86%D8%A7%D8%A8%D8%A7%D8%B3%DB%8C%D8%B3?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#%D9%86%DA%AF%D8%A7%D8%B1%D9%86%D8%AF%D9%87_%D9%88_%D8%AA%D8%A7%D8%B1%DB%8C%D8%AE%DA%86%D9%87%D9%94_%D8%AA%D8%A3%D9%84%DB%8C%D9%81"><span class="tocnumber">۳</span> <span class="toctext">نگارنده و تاریخچهٔ تألیف</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-4"><a href="https://fa-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%D8%A2%D9%86%D8%A7%D8%A8%D8%A7%D8%B3%DB%8C%D8%B3?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#%D9%85%D8%AD%D8%AA%D9%88%D8%A7"><span class="tocnumber">۴</span> <span class="toctext">محتوا</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-5"><a href="https://fa-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%D8%A2%D9%86%D8%A7%D8%A8%D8%A7%D8%B3%DB%8C%D8%B3?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#%D8%B3%D8%A8%DA%A9_%D9%88_%D9%88%DB%8C%DA%98%DA%AF%DB%8C%E2%80%8C%D9%87%D8%A7"><span class="tocnumber">۵</span> <span class="toctext">سبک و ویژگی‌ها</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-6"><a href="https://fa-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%D8%A2%D9%86%D8%A7%D8%A8%D8%A7%D8%B3%DB%8C%D8%B3?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#%D8%AA%D8%A3%D8%AB%DB%8C%D8%B1_%D9%88_%D8%AA%D8%A3%D8%AB%D8%B1"><span class="tocnumber">۶</span> <span class="toctext">تأثیر و تأثر</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-7"><a href="https://fa-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%D8%A2%D9%86%D8%A7%D8%A8%D8%A7%D8%B3%DB%8C%D8%B3?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#%DB%8C%D8%A7%D8%AF%D8%AF%D8%A7%D8%B4%D8%AA"><span class="tocnumber">۷</span> <span class="toctext">یادداشت</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-8"><a href="https://fa-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%D8%A2%D9%86%D8%A7%D8%A8%D8%A7%D8%B3%DB%8C%D8%B3?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#%D9%85%D9%86%D8%A7%D8%A8%D8%B9"><span class="tocnumber">۸</span> <span class="toctext">منابع</span></a> <ul> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-9"><a href="https://fa-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%D8%A2%D9%86%D8%A7%D8%A8%D8%A7%D8%B3%DB%8C%D8%B3?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#%D9%BE%D8%A7%D9%86%D9%88%DB%8C%D8%B3"><span class="tocnumber">۸.۱</span> <span class="toctext">پانویس</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-10"><a href="https://fa-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%D8%A2%D9%86%D8%A7%D8%A8%D8%A7%D8%B3%DB%8C%D8%B3?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#%DA%A9%D8%AA%D8%A7%D8%A8%D9%86%D8%A7%D9%85%D9%87"><span class="tocnumber">۸.۲</span> <span class="toctext">کتابنامه</span></a></li> </ul></li> </ul> </div> </section> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(1)"> <span class="indicator mf-icon mf-icon-expand mf-icon--small"></span> <h2 id="عنوان"><span id=".D8.B9.D9.86.D9.88.D8.A7.D9.86"></span>عنوان</h2><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="https://fa-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=%D8%A2%D9%86%D8%A7%D8%A8%D8%A7%D8%B3%DB%8C%D8%B3&action=edit&section=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="ویرایش بخش: عنوان" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>ویرایش</span> </a> </span> </div> <section class="mf-section-1 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-1"> <p>کلمهٔ آناباسیس (به <a href="https://fa-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%D8%B2%D8%A8%D8%A7%D9%86_%DB%8C%D9%88%D9%86%D8%A7%D9%86%DB%8C?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="زبان یونانی">یونانی</a>: <span lang="el" title="متن به زبان یونانی"><bdi>Ἀνάβασις</bdi></span>) لفظاً به معنای بالا رفتن است و در یونان برای اشاره به هر سفری استفاده می‌شد که از ساحل دریا به سرزمین‌های مرتفع و کوهستانی‌تر صورت می‌گرفت، ولی به‌طور خاص این عبارت به سفر از سواحل غربی <a href="https://fa-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%D8%A2%D8%B3%DB%8C%D8%A7%DB%8C_%D8%B5%D8%BA%DB%8C%D8%B1?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="آسیای صغیر">آسیای صغیر</a> (<a href="https://fa-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%D8%AA%D8%B1%DA%A9%DB%8C%D9%87?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="ترکیه">ترکیه</a>ٔ امروزی) به دربار شاهنشاه هخامنشی در شهر <a href="https://fa-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%D8%B4%D9%88%D8%B4_(%D8%B4%D9%87%D8%B1_%D8%A8%D8%A7%D8%B3%D8%AA%D8%A7%D9%86%DB%8C)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="شوش (شهر باستانی)">شوش</a> اشاره داشت.<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="https://fa-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%D8%A2%D9%86%D8%A7%D8%A8%D8%A7%D8%B3%DB%8C%D8%B3?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>۲<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> از این نظر در حالت صحیح کلمهٔ آناباسیس تنها باید به بخش اول سفرنامهٔ گزنفون اطلاق شود.<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="https://fa-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%D8%A2%D9%86%D8%A7%D8%A8%D8%A7%D8%B3%DB%8C%D8%B3?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>۳<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></p> </section> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(2)"> <span class="indicator mf-icon mf-icon-expand mf-icon--small"></span> <h2 id="زمینهٔ_تاریخی"><span id=".D8.B2.D9.85.DB.8C.D9.86.D9.87.D9.94_.D8.AA.D8.A7.D8.B1.DB.8C.D8.AE.DB.8C"></span>زمینهٔ تاریخی</h2><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="https://fa-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=%D8%A2%D9%86%D8%A7%D8%A8%D8%A7%D8%B3%DB%8C%D8%B3&action=edit&section=2&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="ویرایش بخش: زمینهٔ تاریخی" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>ویرایش</span> </a> </span> </div> <section class="mf-section-2 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-2"> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"> <a href="https://fa-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%D9%BE%D8%B1%D9%88%D9%86%D8%AF%D9%87:Adrien_Guignet_-_Retreat_of_the_ten_thousand.jpg?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-file-description"> <noscript> <img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a7/Adrien_Guignet_-_Retreat_of_the_ten_thousand.jpg/220px-Adrien_Guignet_-_Retreat_of_the_ten_thousand.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="120" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="1916" data-file-height="1045"> </noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 220px;height: 120px;" data-mw-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a7/Adrien_Guignet_-_Retreat_of_the_ten_thousand.jpg/220px-Adrien_Guignet_-_Retreat_of_the_ten_thousand.jpg" data-width="220" data-height="120" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a7/Adrien_Guignet_-_Retreat_of_the_ten_thousand.jpg/330px-Adrien_Guignet_-_Retreat_of_the_ten_thousand.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a7/Adrien_Guignet_-_Retreat_of_the_ten_thousand.jpg/440px-Adrien_Guignet_-_Retreat_of_the_ten_thousand.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </span></a> <figcaption> نگاره سرکشی کوروش کوچک علیه برادرش اردشیر دوم </figcaption> </figure> <p>طغیان ناموفق کوروش کوچک علیه برادرش اردشیر دوم در سال ۴۰۱ پ.م. روی داد. پیش از آن، کوروش نقشی برجسته در صحنه سیاست یونان ایفا کرده بود. در سال‌های انتهایی <a href="https://fa-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%D8%AC%D9%86%DA%AF_%D9%BE%D9%84%D9%88%D9%BE%D9%88%D9%86%D8%B2?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="جنگ پلوپونز">جنگ پلوپونز</a> بین <a href="https://fa-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%D8%A7%D8%B3%D9%BE%D8%A7%D8%B1%D8%AA?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="اسپارت">اسپارت</a> و <a href="https://fa-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%D8%A2%D8%AA%D9%86?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="آتن">آتن</a>، اسپارت‌ها با <a href="https://fa-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%D8%AA%DB%8C%D8%B3%D8%A7%D9%81%D8%B1%D9%86?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="تیسافرن">تیسافرن</a>، ساتراپ <a href="https://fa-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%D9%84%DB%8C%D8%AF%DB%8C%D9%87?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="لیدیه">لیدیه</a> و <a href="https://fa-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%DA%A9%D8%A7%D8%B1%DB%8C%D8%A7?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="کاریا">کاریا</a>، که فرمانده قوای هخامنشی در غرب آسیای صغیر بود پیمان اتحادی بسته بودند. تیسافرن امیدوار بود که بتواند با کمک اسپارت کنترل مستعمرات یونانی در سواحل آسیای صغیر را از چنگ آتن پس بگیرد. اسپارت‌ها هم به پول هخامنشی‌ها نیازمند بودند تا بتوانند ناوگانی بسازند که توان رویارویی با نیروی دریایی آتن را داشته باشد.<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="https://fa-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%D8%A2%D9%86%D8%A7%D8%A8%D8%A7%D8%B3%DB%8C%D8%B3?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>۴<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> با این وجود، سردار آتنی <a href="https://fa-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%D8%A2%D9%84%DA%A9%DB%8C%D8%A8%DB%8C%D8%A7%D8%AF%D8%B3?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="آلکیبیادس">آلکیبیادس</a>، که در آن زمان در تبعید و مشاور تیسافرن بود، به او گفت که پیروزی اسپارت به سود شاهنشاهی هخامنشی نیست و منفعت در آن است که دولت‌شهرهای یونانی در جنگی فرسایشی یکدیگر را تضعیف کنند.<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="https://fa-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%D8%A2%D9%86%D8%A7%D8%A8%D8%A7%D8%B3%DB%8C%D8%B3?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>۵<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></p> <p>تیسافرن رای آلکیبیادس را پذیرفت و کمک به اسپارت‌ها را قطع کرد. اسپارت‌ها، که در شرف شکست قرار گرفته‌ بودند، شکایت تیسافرن را به نزد شاهنشاه هخامنشی <a href="https://fa-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%D8%AF%D8%A7%D8%B1%DB%8C%D9%88%D8%B4_%D8%AF%D9%88%D9%85?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="داریوش دوم">داریوش دوم</a> بردند. داریوش در پاسخ به این شکایت‌ها پسرش <a href="https://fa-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%DA%A9%D9%88%D8%B1%D9%88%D8%B4_%DA%A9%D9%88%DA%86%DA%A9?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="کوروش کوچک">کوروش کوچک</a> را به <a href="https://fa-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%D8%B3%D8%A7%D8%AA%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%BE?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="ساتراپ">ساتراپی</a> لیدیه و فرماندهی قوای هخامنشی در غرب آسیای صغیر منصوب کرد.<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="https://fa-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%D8%A2%D9%86%D8%A7%D8%A8%D8%A7%D8%B3%DB%8C%D8%B3?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>۶<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> در نتیجه تیسافرن از اقتدار نظامی‌اش خلع شد و قلمروش تنها به <a href="https://fa-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%DA%A9%D8%A7%D8%B1%DB%8C%D8%A7?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="کاریا">کاریا</a> تقلیل یافت.<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="https://fa-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%D8%A2%D9%86%D8%A7%D8%A8%D8%A7%D8%B3%DB%8C%D8%B3?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>۷<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> کوروش در این زمان (۴۰۷ پ. م) تنها هفده سال داشت.<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="https://fa-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%D8%A2%D9%86%D8%A7%D8%A8%D8%A7%D8%B3%DB%8C%D8%B3?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>۸<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> کوروش در نقش رهبری توانمند ظاهر شد و کمک‌هایش به اسپارت باعث شد ایشان بر آتنی‌ها پیروز شوند و جنگ پلوپنزی در نهایت پس از بیست و هفت سال به پایان رسید.<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="https://fa-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%D8%A2%D9%86%D8%A7%D8%A8%D8%A7%D8%B3%DB%8C%D8%B3?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>۹<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></p> <p>تقریباً همزمان با اتمام جنگ پلوپنزی، داریوش دوم مرگ خود را قریب‌الوقوع دید و پسرش کوروش را به بابل بازخواند.<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="https://fa-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%D8%A2%D9%86%D8%A7%D8%A8%D8%A7%D8%B3%DB%8C%D8%B3?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>۱۰<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> حضور کوروش در جبههٔ جنگ پلوپنزی باعث شده‌بود که او دوستانی بسیار در شمار سرداران نیروهای پلوپنزی بیابد و همچنین از نزدیک نظاره‌گر تحول و ترقی سربازان و شیوه‌های جنگ‌آوری یونانی باشد.<sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="https://fa-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%D8%A2%D9%86%D8%A7%D8%A8%D8%A7%D8%B3%DB%8C%D8%B3?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>۱۱<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> از سوی دیگر با اتمام جنگ‌های پلوپنزی و برقراری صلح پس از بیست و هفت سال، هزاران سرباز یونانی که تجربه‌ای جز زندگی نظامی نمی‌شناختند پیشه و مشغله‌ای نداشتند.<sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="https://fa-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%D8%A2%D9%86%D8%A7%D8%A8%D8%A7%D8%B3%DB%8C%D8%B3?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>۱۲<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> این عوامل به این معنا بود که کوروش می‌توانست تعداد بسیاری از این سربازان یونانی را برای هدفش که غصب تاج‌وتخت شاهنشاهی بود اجیر کند.<sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="https://fa-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%D8%A2%D9%86%D8%A7%D8%A8%D8%A7%D8%B3%DB%8C%D8%B3?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>۱۳<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></p> <p>گرنفون در آناباسیس می‌گوید که دلیل طغیان کوروش علیه برادرش اردشیر این بود که پس از مرگ داریوش دوم در ۴۰۵ پ.م. تیسافرن نزد اردشیر به کوروش افترا زد و گفت کوروش در حال دسیسه علیه اردشیر است. اردشیر کوروش را دستگیر کرد، ولی با وساطت مادرش <a href="https://fa-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%D9%BE%D8%B1%D9%88%D8%B4%D8%A7%D8%AA?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="پروشات">پروشات</a><sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="https://fa-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%D8%A2%D9%86%D8%A7%D8%A8%D8%A7%D8%B3%DB%8C%D8%B3?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>ب<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> او را آزاد کرد. کوروش که در این میان احساس می‌کرد تحقیر شده‌است، تصمیم گرفت علیه برادرش شورش کند.<sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="https://fa-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%D8%A2%D9%86%D8%A7%D8%A8%D8%A7%D8%B3%DB%8C%D8%B3?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>۱۵<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> از دیگر منابع چنین برمی‌آید که کوروش مدعی بود که او جانشین بر حق داریوش دوم است، چرا که بعد از تاجگذاری پدر متولد شده‌است،<sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="https://fa-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%D8%A2%D9%86%D8%A7%D8%A8%D8%A7%D8%B3%DB%8C%D8%B3?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>پ<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> در حالی که اردشیر پیش از جلوس داریوش به تخت شاهنشاهی به دنیا آمده بود.<sup id="cite_ref-19" class="reference"><a href="https://fa-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%D8%A2%D9%86%D8%A7%D8%A8%D8%A7%D8%B3%DB%8C%D8%B3?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>ت<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-20" class="reference"><a href="https://fa-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%D8%A2%D9%86%D8%A7%D8%A8%D8%A7%D8%B3%DB%8C%D8%B3?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>۱۶<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></p> </section> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(3)"> <span class="indicator mf-icon mf-icon-expand mf-icon--small"></span> <h2 id="نگارنده_و_تاریخچهٔ_تألیف"><span id=".D9.86.DA.AF.D8.A7.D8.B1.D9.86.D8.AF.D9.87_.D9.88_.D8.AA.D8.A7.D8.B1.DB.8C.D8.AE.DA.86.D9.87.D9.94_.D8.AA.D8.A3.D9.84.DB.8C.D9.81"></span>نگارنده و تاریخچهٔ تألیف</h2><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="https://fa-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=%D8%A2%D9%86%D8%A7%D8%A8%D8%A7%D8%B3%DB%8C%D8%B3&action=edit&section=3&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="ویرایش بخش: نگارنده و تاریخچهٔ تألیف" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>ویرایش</span> </a> </span> </div> <section class="mf-section-3 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-3"> <p>گزنفون شاهد عینی وقایعی بود که شرحشان در آناباسیس رفته‌است.<sup id="cite_ref-21" class="reference"><a href="https://fa-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%D8%A2%D9%86%D8%A7%D8%A8%D8%A7%D8%B3%DB%8C%D8%B3?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>۱۷<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></p> <p>او به درخواست دوستش پراکسینوس،<sup id="cite_ref-22" class="reference"><a href="https://fa-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%D8%A2%D9%86%D8%A7%D8%A8%D8%A7%D8%B3%DB%8C%D8%B3?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>ث<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> که یکی از ژنرال‌های یونانی کوروش بود، به خدمت کوروش درآمد. گزنفون در این زمان احتمالاً اندکی کمتر از سی سال سن داشت. با وجود سن نسبتاً کم و این امر که او اهل آتن بود و بخش عمدهٔ ارتش کوروش اهل پلوپونز، گزنفون در نهایت نقشی مهم در رهبری عقب‌نشینی قشون ده‌هزار نفری یونانی ایفا کرد.<sup id="cite_ref-23" class="reference"><a href="https://fa-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%D8%A2%D9%86%D8%A7%D8%A8%D8%A7%D8%B3%DB%8C%D8%B3?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>۱۸<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></p> <p>تاریخ نگارش آناباسیس محل مناقشهٔ محققان بوده‌است. بی‌شک روایت کتاب مبتنی بر یادداشت‌هایی است که گزنفون همزمان با رخ دادن حوادث که شرح آن‌ها رفته نوشته‌است. باور بر این است که شکل نهایی آناباسیس زمانی شکل گرفته که این حوادث هنوز در ذهن نویسنده و هموطنانش تازه بوده‌اند.<sup id="cite_ref-24" class="reference"><a href="https://fa-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%D8%A2%D9%86%D8%A7%D8%A8%D8%A7%D8%B3%DB%8C%D8%B3?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>۱۹<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> و همچنین بنابر به تحلیل‌های شیوه‌شناسی، به‌نظر می‌رسد آناباسیس یکی از آثار اولیهٔ گزنفون باشد.<sup id="cite_ref-25" class="reference"><a href="https://fa-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%D8%A2%D9%86%D8%A7%D8%A8%D8%A7%D8%B3%DB%8C%D8%B3?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>۲۰<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> از سوی دیگر، گریزی کوتاه و زندگی‌نامه‌ای در کتاب پنجم احتمالاً دیرتر و در حدود ۳۷۰ پ.م. نوشته شده‌است،<sup id="cite_ref-26" class="reference"><a href="https://fa-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%D8%A2%D9%86%D8%A7%D8%A8%D8%A7%D8%B3%DB%8C%D8%B3?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>۲۱<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> و هنگامی که گزنفون در بند دوم از کتاب <a href="https://fa-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=%D9%87%D9%84%D9%86%DB%8C%DA%A9%D8%A7&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="هلنیکا (صفحه وجود ندارد)">هلنیکا</a> (که تاریخ نگارش آن در ۳۸۰ پ.م. است) به کوروش کوچک اشاره می‌کند، به خواننده توصیه می‌کند که برای اطلاعات بیشتر در مورد اردوکشی کوروش علیه برادرش به کتابی اثر <a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1320051" class="extiw" title="d:Q1320051">تمیستوژنیس سیراکوزی</a> مراجعه کند و ازینرو به‌نظر می‌رسد که در آن زمان <i>آناباسیس</i> در دسترس نبوده‌است.<sup id="cite_ref-27" class="reference"><a href="https://fa-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%D8%A2%D9%86%D8%A7%D8%A8%D8%A7%D8%B3%DB%8C%D8%B3?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>۲۲<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> احتمال دارد که گزنفون آناباسیس را پس از بازگشت از آسیا به یونان (۳۹ پ. م) نوشته‌است، ولی انتشار آن را تا حدود ۳۷۰ پ.م. به تأخیر انداخته‌است.<sup id="cite_ref-28" class="reference"><a href="https://fa-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%D8%A2%D9%86%D8%A7%D8%A8%D8%A7%D8%B3%DB%8C%D8%B3?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>۲۳<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> این احتمال هم می‌رود که تمیستوژنیس سیراکوزی نام مستعاری باشد که گزنفون، قبل از نگارش هلنیکا، آناباسیس را تحت آن منتشر کرده باشد.<sup id="cite_ref-29" class="reference"><a href="https://fa-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%D8%A2%D9%86%D8%A7%D8%A8%D8%A7%D8%B3%DB%8C%D8%B3?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>۲۴<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></p> </section> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(4)"> <span class="indicator mf-icon mf-icon-expand mf-icon--small"></span> <h2 id="محتوا"><span id=".D9.85.D8.AD.D8.AA.D9.88.D8.A7"></span>محتوا</h2><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="https://fa-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=%D8%A2%D9%86%D8%A7%D8%A8%D8%A7%D8%B3%DB%8C%D8%B3&action=edit&section=4&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="ویرایش بخش: محتوا" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>ویرایش</span> </a> </span> </div> <section class="mf-section-4 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-4"> <p>آناباسیس روایت‌گر اردوکشی <a href="https://fa-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%DA%A9%D9%88%D8%B1%D8%B4_%DA%A9%D9%88%DA%86%DA%A9?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="کورش کوچک">کورش کوچک</a> علیه برادرش <a href="https://fa-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%D8%A7%D8%B1%D8%AF%D8%B4%DB%8C%D8%B1_%D8%AF%D9%88%D9%85_(%D9%87%D8%AE%D8%A7%D9%85%D9%86%D8%B4%DB%8C)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="اردشیر دوم (هخامنشی)">اردشیر دوم</a> با امید تسخیر تخت شاهنشاهی هخامنشی برای خودش، عقب‌نشینی «ده هزار» مزدور یونانی ارتش کورش تا <a href="https://fa-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%D8%AF%D8%B1%DB%8C%D8%A7%DB%8C_%D8%B3%DB%8C%D8%A7%D9%87?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="دریای سیاه">دریای سیاه</a> پس از کشته شدن او، و در نهایت بازگشت ایشان به غرب <a href="https://fa-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%D8%A2%D8%B3%DB%8C%D8%A7%DB%8C_%D8%B5%D8%BA%DB%8C%D8%B1?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="آسیای صغیر">آسیای صغیر</a> است.<sup id="cite_ref-30" class="reference"><a href="https://fa-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%D8%A2%D9%86%D8%A7%D8%A8%D8%A7%D8%B3%DB%8C%D8%B3?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>۲۵<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></p> </section> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(5)"> <span class="indicator mf-icon mf-icon-expand mf-icon--small"></span> <h2 id="سبک_و_ویژگی‌ها"><span id=".D8.B3.D8.A8.DA.A9_.D9.88_.D9.88.DB.8C.DA.98.DA.AF.DB.8C.E2.80.8C.D9.87.D8.A7"></span>سبک و ویژگی‌ها</h2><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="https://fa-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=%D8%A2%D9%86%D8%A7%D8%A8%D8%A7%D8%B3%DB%8C%D8%B3&action=edit&section=5&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="ویرایش بخش: سبک و ویژگی‌ها" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>ویرایش</span> </a> </span> </div> <section class="mf-section-5 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-5"> <p>سادگی، وضوح، و ظرافت متن از مختصات شیوه‌ای نگارش آناباسیس است و به آن جایگاهی والا در میان آثار سفرنامه‌ای و روایات ماجراجویانه داده‌است.<sup id="cite_ref-31" class="reference"><a href="https://fa-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%D8%A2%D9%86%D8%A7%D8%A8%D8%A7%D8%B3%DB%8C%D8%B3?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>۲۶<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> به گفتهٔ <a href="https://fa-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%D8%A7%DB%8C%D9%BE%D9%88%D9%84%DB%8C%D8%AA_%D8%AA%D9%86?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="ایپولیت تن">ایپولیت تن</a>، «زیبایی شیوهٔ آناباسیس از جذابیت داستان آن فراتر می‌رود.»<sup id="cite_ref-32" class="reference"><a href="https://fa-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%D8%A2%D9%86%D8%A7%D8%A8%D8%A7%D8%B3%DB%8C%D8%B3?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>۲۷<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></p> </section> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(6)"> <span class="indicator mf-icon mf-icon-expand mf-icon--small"></span> <h2 id="تأثیر_و_تأثر"><span id=".D8.AA.D8.A3.D8.AB.DB.8C.D8.B1_.D9.88_.D8.AA.D8.A3.D8.AB.D8.B1"></span>تأثیر و تأثر</h2><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="https://fa-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=%D8%A2%D9%86%D8%A7%D8%A8%D8%A7%D8%B3%DB%8C%D8%B3&action=edit&section=6&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="ویرایش بخش: تأثیر و تأثر" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>ویرایش</span> </a> </span> </div> <section class="mf-section-6 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-6"> <p>اردوی ده‌هزار <a href="https://fa-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%D9%85%D8%B2%D8%AF%D9%88%D8%B1?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="مزدور">مزدور</a> یونانی از <a href="https://fa-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%D8%B3%D8%A7%D8%B1%D8%AF%DB%8C%D8%B3?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="ساردیس">ساردیس</a> تا دروازه‌های <a href="https://fa-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%D8%A8%D8%A7%D8%A8%D9%84?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-disambig" title="بابل">بابل</a> و عقب‌نشینی ایشان به سوی <a href="https://fa-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%D8%AF%D8%B1%DB%8C%D8%A7%DB%8C_%D8%B3%DB%8C%D8%A7%D9%87?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="دریای سیاه">دریای سیاه</a> از مهم‌ترین رویدادهای جهان باستان بود. اینکه نیروهای یونانی توانسته بودند نیروهای پرشمار پارسی را شکست دهند و بتوانند علیرغم میل اردشیر به یونان بازگردند، نمایانگر زوال و ضعف امپراتوری پهناور و دهشتناک هخامنشیان بود<sup id="cite_ref-33" class="reference"><a href="https://fa-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%D8%A2%D9%86%D8%A7%D8%A8%D8%A7%D8%B3%DB%8C%D8%B3?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>۲۸<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> سیاستمردان و فرماندهان یونانی معنای این رویداد را به‌سرعت دریافتند.<sup id="cite_ref-34" class="reference"><a href="https://fa-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%D8%A2%D9%86%D8%A7%D8%A8%D8%A7%D8%B3%DB%8C%D8%B3?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>۲۹<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> به نوشتهٔ <a href="https://fa-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%D9%81%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%B3%DB%8C%D8%B3_%D8%A8%DB%8C%DA%A9%D9%86?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="فرانسیس بیکن">فرانسیس بیکن</a>:</p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r39401425">.mw-parser-output .templatequote{overflow:hidden;margin:1em 0;padding:0 32px}.mw-parser-output .templatequote .templatequotecite{line-height:1.5em;text-align:right;padding-right:1.6em;margin-top:0}</style> <blockquote class="templatequote"> <p>این دانش‌آموز جوان فلسفه [گزنفون]، پس از آنکه فرماندهان یونانی به‌شکلی خائنانه به قتل رسیدند، رهبری این ده هزار سرباز را بر عهده گرفت و ایشان را از قلب سرزمین‌های مرتفع شاهنشاه به یونان بازگرداند و جهان را شگفت‌زده کرد و یونانیان پس از خود را به امری تشویق کرد که یونانیان پیش از او فکرش را هم به مخیل خود راه نمی‌دادند، یعنی هجوم علیه شاه بزرگ، که <a href="https://fa-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=%DB%8C%D8%A7%D8%B3%D9%88%D9%86_%D8%AA%D8%B3%D8%A7%D9%84%DB%8C%E2%80%8C%D8%A7%DB%8C&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="یاسون تسالی‌ای (صفحه وجود ندارد)">یاسون تسالی‌ای</a> و <a href="https://fa-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=%D8%A2%D8%AC%DB%8C%D8%B3%DB%8C%D9%84%D8%A7%D8%A6%D9%88%D8%B3_%D8%A7%D8%B3%D9%BE%D8%A7%D8%B1%D8%AA%DB%8C&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="آجیسیلائوس اسپارتی (صفحه وجود ندارد)">آجیسیلائوس اسپارتی</a> آن را امتحان کردند و عاقبت <a href="https://fa-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%D8%A7%D8%B3%DA%A9%D9%86%D8%AF%D8%B1_%D9%85%D9%82%D8%AF%D9%88%D9%86%DB%8C?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="اسکندر مقدونی">اسکندر مقدونی</a> در انجام آن موفق بود و همه متکی برکرده‌های آن دانش‌آموز جوان بود.</p> <div class="templatequotecite"> — <cite><sup id="cite_ref-35" class="reference"><a href="https://fa-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%D8%A2%D9%86%D8%A7%D8%A8%D8%A7%D8%B3%DB%8C%D8%B3?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-35"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>۳۰<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></cite> </div> </blockquote> <p>روایت گزنفون برای به‌نمایش کشیدن کیفیت، شجاعت، استقلال، و انسانیت سربازان یونانی نوشته شده‌است و باعث شده که شارحان در قرون پس از گزنفون از ایشان با عناوینی چون «جمهوری متحرک»، «دموکراسی رژه‌رو»، و «تجسم آتن در میانهٔ آسیا» یاد کنند.<sup id="cite_ref-36" class="reference"><a href="https://fa-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%D8%A2%D9%86%D8%A7%D8%A8%D8%A7%D8%B3%DB%8C%D8%B3?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-36"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>۳۱<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></p> <p>آناباسیس همچنین به‌جهت اطلاعاتی که دربارهٔ هنر جنگ در دنیای باستان بهٔ دست می‌دهد اهمیتی افزون دارد و منبعی مهم در باب <a href="https://fa-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%D8%AA%D8%A7%D8%B1%DB%8C%D8%AE_%D9%86%D8%B8%D8%A7%D9%85%DB%8C?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="تاریخ نظامی">تاریخ نظامی</a> است.<sup id="cite_ref-37" class="reference"><a href="https://fa-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%D8%A2%D9%86%D8%A7%D8%A8%D8%A7%D8%B3%DB%8C%D8%B3?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-37"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>۳۲<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> گزنفون در <a href="https://fa-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%87%D8%A8%D8%B1%D8%AF?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="راهبرد">راهبردها</a> و فنون جنگ مهارت داشت و رهیافتش برای حل هر مشکل مانند <a href="https://fa-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%D9%BE%DA%98%D9%88%D9%87%D8%B4?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="پژوهش">پژوهشگر</a> و متفکری بود که به راه‌حل‌های سنتی قانع نیست و به دنبال همخوانی بین راه‌حل و مشکل می‌گردد.<sup id="cite_ref-38" class="reference"><a href="https://fa-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%D8%A2%D9%86%D8%A7%D8%A8%D8%A7%D8%B3%DB%8C%D8%B3?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-38"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>۳۳<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> نبوغ و نوآوری‌های نظامی گزنفون بر اندیشهٔ نظامی یونان پس از خود تأثیری شگرف گذاشت.<sup id="cite_ref-39" class="reference"><a href="https://fa-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%D8%A2%D9%86%D8%A7%D8%A8%D8%A7%D8%B3%DB%8C%D8%B3?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-39"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>۳۴<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> این تأثیرات حتی تا روزگار مدرن نیز ادامه یافت.<sup id="cite_ref-40" class="reference"><a href="https://fa-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%D8%A2%D9%86%D8%A7%D8%A8%D8%A7%D8%B3%DB%8C%D8%B3?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-40"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>۳۵<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> به نوشتهٔ تاریخ‌نویس نظامی آمریکایی در زمان <a href="https://fa-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%D8%AC%D9%86%DA%AF_%D8%AF%D8%A7%D8%AE%D9%84%DB%8C_%D8%A2%D9%85%D8%B1%DB%8C%DA%A9%D8%A7?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="جنگ داخلی آمریکا">جنگ داخلی آمریکا</a> <a href="https://fa-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=%D8%AA%D8%A6%D9%88%D8%AF%D9%88%D8%B1_%D8%AF%D8%A7%DA%86&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="تئودور داچ (صفحه وجود ندارد)">تئودور داچ</a>:</p> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r39401425"> <blockquote class="templatequote"> <p>پیش از اسکندر، مهم‌ترین سربازی که می‌توان از او دربارهٔ جنگ آموخت گزنفون است [...] این گزنفون بود که به جهان یاد داد که چگونه باید عقب‌نشینی کرد و چگونه باید پس‌قراول را رهبری کرد. آناباسیس بیش از هر دوجین کتاب دیگر سرشار از نوآوری‌های فنی و نظامی است و در این بیست و سه قرن هیچ کتاب آموزشی نظامی‌ای بهتر از آناباسیس نوشته نشده‌است.</p> <div class="templatequotecite"> — <cite><sup id="cite_ref-41" class="reference"><a href="https://fa-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%D8%A2%D9%86%D8%A7%D8%A8%D8%A7%D8%B3%DB%8C%D8%B3?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-41"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>۳۶<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></cite> </div> </blockquote> </section> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(7)"> <span class="indicator mf-icon mf-icon-expand mf-icon--small"></span> <h2 id="یادداشت"><span id=".DB.8C.D8.A7.D8.AF.D8.AF.D8.A7.D8.B4.D8.AA"></span>یادداشت</h2><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="https://fa-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=%D8%A2%D9%86%D8%A7%D8%A8%D8%A7%D8%B3%DB%8C%D8%B3&action=edit&section=7&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="ویرایش بخش: یادداشت" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>ویرایش</span> </a> </span> </div> <section class="mf-section-7 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-7"> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r40724476">.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%;margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style> <div class="reflist reflist-persian-alpha"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-2" class="mw-cite-dir-rtl"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="https://fa-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%D8%A2%D9%86%D8%A7%D8%A8%D8%A7%D8%B3%DB%8C%D8%B3?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-2">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="note">کوروش پسر <a href="https://fa-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%D8%AF%D8%A7%D8%B1%DB%8C%D9%88%D8%B4_%D8%AF%D9%88%D9%85?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="داریوش دوم">داریوش دوم</a> و <a href="https://fa-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%D9%BE%D8%B1%D9%88%D8%B4%D8%A7%D8%AA?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="پروشات">پروشات</a> و برادر کوچکتر <a href="https://fa-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%D8%A7%D8%B1%D8%AF%D8%B4%DB%8C%D8%B1_%D8%AF%D9%88%D9%85_(%D9%87%D8%AE%D8%A7%D9%85%D9%86%D8%B4%DB%8C)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="اردشیر دوم (هخامنشی)">اردشیر دوم (هخامنشی)</a>، که برای تمایز از <a href="https://fa-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%DA%A9%D9%88%D8%B1%D9%88%D8%B4_%D8%A8%D8%B2%D8%B1%DA%AF?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="کوروش بزرگ">کوروش بزرگ</a> با عنوان کوروش کوچک شناخته می‌شود.<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="https://fa-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%D8%A2%D9%86%D8%A7%D8%A8%D8%A7%D8%B3%DB%8C%D8%B3?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>۱<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></cite></span></li> <li id="cite_note-16" class="mw-cite-dir-rtl"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="https://fa-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%D8%A2%D9%86%D8%A7%D8%A8%D8%A7%D8%B3%DB%8C%D8%B3?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-16">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="note">به گفتهٔ گزنفون در آناباسیس، پروشات از بین دو پسرش کوروش را از اردشیر بیشتر دوست می‌داشت.<sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="https://fa-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%D8%A2%D9%86%D8%A7%D8%A8%D8%A7%D8%B3%DB%8C%D8%B3?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>۱۴<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></cite></span></li> <li id="cite_note-18" class="mw-cite-dir-rtl"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="https://fa-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%D8%A2%D9%86%D8%A7%D8%A8%D8%A7%D8%B3%DB%8C%D8%B3?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-18">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="note">اصطلاحا «در رنگ <a href="https://fa-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%D8%A7%D8%B1%D8%BA%D9%88%D8%A7%D9%86%DB%8C?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="ارغوانی">ارغوانی</a> متولد شده‌است.» ارغوانی رنگ مرتبط با پوشش خانواده سلطنتی بود، زیرا رنگ تولید آن بسیار گران درمی‌آمد.</cite></span></li> <li id="cite_note-19" class="mw-cite-dir-rtl"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="https://fa-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%D8%A2%D9%86%D8%A7%D8%A8%D8%A7%D8%B3%DB%8C%D8%B3?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-19">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="note">چنین اتفاقی در تاریخ هخامنشی سابقه داشت و پس از مرگ <a href="https://fa-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%D8%AF%D8%A7%D8%B1%DB%8C%D9%88%D8%B4_%D8%A8%D8%B2%D8%B1%DA%AF?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="داریوش بزرگ">داریوش بزرگ</a>، پسر کوچکترش <a href="https://fa-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%D8%AE%D8%B4%D8%A7%DB%8C%D8%A7%D8%B1%D8%B4%D8%A7?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="خشایارشا">خشایارشا</a> به تخت نشست و نه برادران بزرگترش که پیش از تاجگذاری داریوش بزرگ متولد شده بودند.</cite></span></li> <li id="cite_note-22" class="mw-cite-dir-ltr"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="https://fa-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%D8%A2%D9%86%D8%A7%D8%A8%D8%A7%D8%B3%DB%8C%D8%B3?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-22">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Proxenus</span></li> </ol> </div> </div> </section> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(8)"> <span class="indicator mf-icon mf-icon-expand mf-icon--small"></span> <h2 id="منابع"><span id=".D9.85.D9.86.D8.A7.D8.A8.D8.B9"></span>منابع</h2><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="https://fa-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=%D8%A2%D9%86%D8%A7%D8%A8%D8%A7%D8%B3%DB%8C%D8%B3&action=edit&section=8&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="ویرایش بخش: منابع" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>ویرایش</span> </a> </span> </div> <section class="mf-section-8 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-8"> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"> <h3 id="پانویس"><span id=".D9.BE.D8.A7.D9.86.D9.88.DB.8C.D8.B3"></span>پانویس</h3><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="https://fa-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=%D8%A2%D9%86%D8%A7%D8%A8%D8%A7%D8%B3%DB%8C%D8%B3&action=edit&section=9&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="ویرایش بخش: پانویس" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>ویرایش</span> </a> </span> </div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r40724476"> <div class="reflist reflist-columns references-column-width reflist-columns-2"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1" class="mw-cite-dir-ltr"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="https://fa-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%D8%A2%D9%86%D8%A7%D8%A8%D8%A7%D8%B3%DB%8C%D8%B3?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-1">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="https://fa-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%D8%A2%D9%86%D8%A7%D8%A8%D8%A7%D8%B3%DB%8C%D8%B3?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#CITEREFXenophonCARLETON_L._BROWNSON1918">Xenophon & CARLETON L. BROWNSON 1918</a>‏:‎vii</span></li> <li id="cite_note-3" class="mw-cite-dir-ltr"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="https://fa-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%D8%A2%D9%86%D8%A7%D8%A8%D8%A7%D8%B3%DB%8C%D8%B3?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-3">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="https://fa-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%D8%A2%D9%86%D8%A7%D8%A8%D8%A7%D8%B3%DB%8C%D8%B3?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#CITEREFXenophonCARLETON_L._BROWNSON1918">Xenophon & CARLETON L. BROWNSON 1918</a>‏:‎vii</span></li> <li id="cite_note-4" class="mw-cite-dir-ltr"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="https://fa-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%D8%A2%D9%86%D8%A7%D8%A8%D8%A7%D8%B3%DB%8C%D8%B3?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-4">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="https://fa-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%D8%A2%D9%86%D8%A7%D8%A8%D8%A7%D8%B3%DB%8C%D8%B3?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#CITEREFXenophonCARLETON_L._BROWNSON1918">Xenophon & CARLETON L. BROWNSON 1918</a>‏:‎vii</span></li> <li id="cite_note-5" class="mw-cite-dir-ltr"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="https://fa-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%D8%A2%D9%86%D8%A7%D8%A8%D8%A7%D8%B3%DB%8C%D8%B3?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-5">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="https://fa-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%D8%A2%D9%86%D8%A7%D8%A8%D8%A7%D8%B3%DB%8C%D8%B3?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#CITEREFXenophonCARLETON_L._BROWNSON1918">Xenophon & CARLETON L. BROWNSON 1918</a>‏:‎viii</span></li> <li id="cite_note-6" class="mw-cite-dir-ltr"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="https://fa-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%D8%A2%D9%86%D8%A7%D8%A8%D8%A7%D8%B3%DB%8C%D8%B3?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-6">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="https://fa-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%D8%A2%D9%86%D8%A7%D8%A8%D8%A7%D8%B3%DB%8C%D8%B3?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#CITEREFXenophonCARLETON_L._BROWNSON1918">Xenophon & CARLETON L. BROWNSON 1918</a>‏:‎viii</span></li> <li id="cite_note-7" class="mw-cite-dir-ltr"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="https://fa-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%D8%A2%D9%86%D8%A7%D8%A8%D8%A7%D8%B3%DB%8C%D8%B3?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-7">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="https://fa-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%D8%A2%D9%86%D8%A7%D8%A8%D8%A7%D8%B3%DB%8C%D8%B3?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#CITEREFXenophonCARLETON_L._BROWNSON1918">Xenophon & CARLETON L. BROWNSON 1918</a>‏:‎viii</span></li> <li id="cite_note-8" class="mw-cite-dir-ltr"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="https://fa-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%D8%A2%D9%86%D8%A7%D8%A8%D8%A7%D8%B3%DB%8C%D8%B3?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-8">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="https://fa-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%D8%A2%D9%86%D8%A7%D8%A8%D8%A7%D8%B3%DB%8C%D8%B3?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#CITEREFXenophonCARLETON_L._BROWNSON1918">Xenophon & CARLETON L. BROWNSON 1918</a>‏:‎viii</span></li> <li id="cite_note-9" class="mw-cite-dir-ltr"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="https://fa-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%D8%A2%D9%86%D8%A7%D8%A8%D8%A7%D8%B3%DB%8C%D8%B3?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-9">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="https://fa-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%D8%A2%D9%86%D8%A7%D8%A8%D8%A7%D8%B3%DB%8C%D8%B3?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#CITEREFXenophonCARLETON_L._BROWNSON1918">Xenophon & CARLETON L. BROWNSON 1918</a>‏:‎viii</span></li> <li id="cite_note-10" class="mw-cite-dir-ltr"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="https://fa-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%D8%A2%D9%86%D8%A7%D8%A8%D8%A7%D8%B3%DB%8C%D8%B3?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-10">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="https://fa-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%D8%A2%D9%86%D8%A7%D8%A8%D8%A7%D8%B3%DB%8C%D8%B3?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#CITEREFXenophonCARLETON_L._BROWNSON1918">Xenophon & CARLETON L. BROWNSON 1918</a>‏:‎ix</span></li> <li id="cite_note-11" class="mw-cite-dir-ltr"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="https://fa-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%D8%A2%D9%86%D8%A7%D8%A8%D8%A7%D8%B3%DB%8C%D8%B3?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-11">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="https://fa-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%D8%A2%D9%86%D8%A7%D8%A8%D8%A7%D8%B3%DB%8C%D8%B3?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#CITEREFXenophonCARLETON_L._BROWNSON1918">Xenophon & CARLETON L. BROWNSON 1918</a>‏:‎ix</span></li> <li id="cite_note-12" class="mw-cite-dir-ltr"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="https://fa-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%D8%A2%D9%86%D8%A7%D8%A8%D8%A7%D8%B3%DB%8C%D8%B3?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-12">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="https://fa-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%D8%A2%D9%86%D8%A7%D8%A8%D8%A7%D8%B3%DB%8C%D8%B3?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#CITEREFXenophonCARLETON_L._BROWNSON1918">Xenophon & CARLETON L. BROWNSON 1918</a>‏:‎ix</span></li> <li id="cite_note-13" class="mw-cite-dir-ltr"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="https://fa-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%D8%A2%D9%86%D8%A7%D8%A8%D8%A7%D8%B3%DB%8C%D8%B3?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-13">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="https://fa-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%D8%A2%D9%86%D8%A7%D8%A8%D8%A7%D8%B3%DB%8C%D8%B3?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#CITEREFXenophonCARLETON_L._BROWNSON1918">Xenophon & CARLETON L. BROWNSON 1918</a>‏:‎ix</span></li> <li id="cite_note-14" class="mw-cite-dir-ltr"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="https://fa-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%D8%A2%D9%86%D8%A7%D8%A8%D8%A7%D8%B3%DB%8C%D8%B3?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-14">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="https://fa-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%D8%A2%D9%86%D8%A7%D8%A8%D8%A7%D8%B3%DB%8C%D8%B3?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#CITEREFXenophonCARLETON_L._BROWNSON1918">Xenophon & CARLETON L. BROWNSON 1918</a>‏:‎ix</span></li> <li id="cite_note-15" class="mw-cite-dir-ltr"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="https://fa-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%D8%A2%D9%86%D8%A7%D8%A8%D8%A7%D8%B3%DB%8C%D8%B3?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-15">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="https://fa-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%D8%A2%D9%86%D8%A7%D8%A8%D8%A7%D8%B3%DB%8C%D8%B3?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#CITEREFXenophonCARLETON_L._BROWNSON1918">Xenophon & CARLETON L. BROWNSON 1918</a>‏:‎x</span></li> <li id="cite_note-17" class="mw-cite-dir-ltr"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="https://fa-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%D8%A2%D9%86%D8%A7%D8%A8%D8%A7%D8%B3%DB%8C%D8%B3?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-17">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="https://fa-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%D8%A2%D9%86%D8%A7%D8%A8%D8%A7%D8%B3%DB%8C%D8%B3?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#CITEREFXenophonCARLETON_L._BROWNSON1918">Xenophon & CARLETON L. BROWNSON 1918</a>‏:‎ix</span></li> <li id="cite_note-20" class="mw-cite-dir-ltr"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="https://fa-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%D8%A2%D9%86%D8%A7%D8%A8%D8%A7%D8%B3%DB%8C%D8%B3?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-20">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="https://fa-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%D8%A2%D9%86%D8%A7%D8%A8%D8%A7%D8%B3%DB%8C%D8%B3?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#CITEREFXenophonCARLETON_L._BROWNSON1918">Xenophon & CARLETON L. BROWNSON 1918</a>‏:‎x</span></li> <li id="cite_note-21" class="mw-cite-dir-ltr"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="https://fa-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%D8%A2%D9%86%D8%A7%D8%A8%D8%A7%D8%B3%DB%8C%D8%B3?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-21">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="https://fa-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%D8%A2%D9%86%D8%A7%D8%A8%D8%A7%D8%B3%DB%8C%D8%B3?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#CITEREFXenophonCARLETON_L._BROWNSON1918">Xenophon & CARLETON L. BROWNSON 1918</a>‏:‎x</span></li> <li id="cite_note-23" class="mw-cite-dir-ltr"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="https://fa-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%D8%A2%D9%86%D8%A7%D8%A8%D8%A7%D8%B3%DB%8C%D8%B3?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-23">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="https://fa-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%D8%A2%D9%86%D8%A7%D8%A8%D8%A7%D8%B3%DB%8C%D8%B3?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#CITEREFXenophonCARLETON_L._BROWNSON1918">Xenophon & CARLETON L. BROWNSON 1918</a>‏:‎x</span></li> <li id="cite_note-24" class="mw-cite-dir-ltr"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="https://fa-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%D8%A2%D9%86%D8%A7%D8%A8%D8%A7%D8%B3%DB%8C%D8%B3?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-24">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="https://fa-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%D8%A2%D9%86%D8%A7%D8%A8%D8%A7%D8%B3%DB%8C%D8%B3?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#CITEREFXenophonCARLETON_L._BROWNSON1918">Xenophon & CARLETON L. BROWNSON 1918</a>‏:‎x</span></li> <li id="cite_note-25" class="mw-cite-dir-ltr"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="https://fa-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%D8%A2%D9%86%D8%A7%D8%A8%D8%A7%D8%B3%DB%8C%D8%B3?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-25">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="https://fa-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%D8%A2%D9%86%D8%A7%D8%A8%D8%A7%D8%B3%DB%8C%D8%B3?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#CITEREFXenophonCARLETON_L._BROWNSON1918">Xenophon & CARLETON L. BROWNSON 1918</a>‏:‎xi</span></li> <li id="cite_note-26" class="mw-cite-dir-ltr"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="https://fa-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%D8%A2%D9%86%D8%A7%D8%A8%D8%A7%D8%B3%DB%8C%D8%B3?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-26">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="https://fa-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%D8%A2%D9%86%D8%A7%D8%A8%D8%A7%D8%B3%DB%8C%D8%B3?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#CITEREFXenophonCARLETON_L._BROWNSON1918">Xenophon & CARLETON L. BROWNSON 1918</a>‏:‎xi</span></li> <li id="cite_note-27" class="mw-cite-dir-ltr"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="https://fa-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%D8%A2%D9%86%D8%A7%D8%A8%D8%A7%D8%B3%DB%8C%D8%B3?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-27">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="https://fa-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%D8%A2%D9%86%D8%A7%D8%A8%D8%A7%D8%B3%DB%8C%D8%B3?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#CITEREFXenophonCARLETON_L._BROWNSON1918">Xenophon & CARLETON L. BROWNSON 1918</a>‏:‎xi</span></li> <li id="cite_note-28" class="mw-cite-dir-ltr"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="https://fa-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%D8%A2%D9%86%D8%A7%D8%A8%D8%A7%D8%B3%DB%8C%D8%B3?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-28">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="https://fa-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%D8%A2%D9%86%D8%A7%D8%A8%D8%A7%D8%B3%DB%8C%D8%B3?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#CITEREFXenophonCARLETON_L._BROWNSON1918">Xenophon & CARLETON L. BROWNSON 1918</a>‏:‎xi</span></li> <li id="cite_note-29" class="mw-cite-dir-ltr"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="https://fa-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%D8%A2%D9%86%D8%A7%D8%A8%D8%A7%D8%B3%DB%8C%D8%B3?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-29">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="https://fa-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%D8%A2%D9%86%D8%A7%D8%A8%D8%A7%D8%B3%DB%8C%D8%B3?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#CITEREFMeister2016">Meister 2016</a></span></li> <li id="cite_note-30" class="mw-cite-dir-ltr"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="https://fa-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%D8%A2%D9%86%D8%A7%D8%A8%D8%A7%D8%B3%DB%8C%D8%B3?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-30">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="https://fa-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%D8%A2%D9%86%D8%A7%D8%A8%D8%A7%D8%B3%DB%8C%D8%B3?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#CITEREFXenophonCARLETON_L._BROWNSON1918">Xenophon & CARLETON L. BROWNSON 1918</a>‏:‎vii</span></li> <li id="cite_note-31" class="mw-cite-dir-ltr"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="https://fa-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%D8%A2%D9%86%D8%A7%D8%A8%D8%A7%D8%B3%DB%8C%D8%B3?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-31">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="https://fa-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%D8%A2%D9%86%D8%A7%D8%A8%D8%A7%D8%B3%DB%8C%D8%B3?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#CITEREFXenophonCARLETON_L._BROWNSON1918">Xenophon & CARLETON L. BROWNSON 1918</a>‏:‎xiv</span></li> <li id="cite_note-32" class="mw-cite-dir-ltr"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="https://fa-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%D8%A2%D9%86%D8%A7%D8%A8%D8%A7%D8%B3%DB%8C%D8%B3?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-32">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="https://fa-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%D8%A2%D9%86%D8%A7%D8%A8%D8%A7%D8%B3%DB%8C%D8%B3?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#CITEREFXenophonCARLETON_L._BROWNSON1918">Xenophon & CARLETON L. BROWNSON 1918</a>‏:‎xiv</span></li> <li id="cite_note-33" class="mw-cite-dir-ltr"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="https://fa-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%D8%A2%D9%86%D8%A7%D8%A8%D8%A7%D8%B3%DB%8C%D8%B3?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-33">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="https://fa-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%D8%A2%D9%86%D8%A7%D8%A8%D8%A7%D8%B3%DB%8C%D8%B3?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#CITEREFXenophonCARLETON_L._BROWNSON1918">Xenophon & CARLETON L. BROWNSON 1918</a>‏:‎xii</span></li> <li id="cite_note-34" class="mw-cite-dir-ltr"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="https://fa-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%D8%A2%D9%86%D8%A7%D8%A8%D8%A7%D8%B3%DB%8C%D8%B3?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-34">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="https://fa-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%D8%A2%D9%86%D8%A7%D8%A8%D8%A7%D8%B3%DB%8C%D8%B3?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#CITEREFXenophonCARLETON_L._BROWNSON1918">Xenophon & CARLETON L. BROWNSON 1918</a>‏:‎xii</span></li> <li id="cite_note-35" class="mw-cite-dir-ltr"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="https://fa-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%D8%A2%D9%86%D8%A7%D8%A8%D8%A7%D8%B3%DB%8C%D8%B3?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-35">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="https://fa-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%D8%A2%D9%86%D8%A7%D8%A8%D8%A7%D8%B3%DB%8C%D8%B3?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#CITEREFBacon1605">Bacon 1605</a>‏:‎i. vii. 30.</span></li> <li id="cite_note-36" class="mw-cite-dir-ltr"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="https://fa-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%D8%A2%D9%86%D8%A7%D8%A8%D8%A7%D8%B3%DB%8C%D8%B3?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-36">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="https://fa-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%D8%A2%D9%86%D8%A7%D8%A8%D8%A7%D8%B3%DB%8C%D8%B3?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#CITEREFXenophonCARLETON_L._BROWNSON1918">Xenophon & CARLETON L. BROWNSON 1918</a>‏:‎xiii</span></li> <li id="cite_note-37" class="mw-cite-dir-ltr"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="https://fa-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%D8%A2%D9%86%D8%A7%D8%A8%D8%A7%D8%B3%DB%8C%D8%B3?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-37">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="https://fa-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%D8%A2%D9%86%D8%A7%D8%A8%D8%A7%D8%B3%DB%8C%D8%B3?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#CITEREFXenophonCARLETON_L._BROWNSON1918">Xenophon & CARLETON L. BROWNSON 1918</a>‏:‎xiii</span></li> <li id="cite_note-38" class="mw-cite-dir-ltr"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="https://fa-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%D8%A2%D9%86%D8%A7%D8%A8%D8%A7%D8%B3%DB%8C%D8%B3?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-38">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="https://fa-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%D8%A2%D9%86%D8%A7%D8%A8%D8%A7%D8%B3%DB%8C%D8%B3?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#CITEREFXenophonCARLETON_L._BROWNSON1918">Xenophon & CARLETON L. BROWNSON 1918</a>‏:‎xiii</span></li> <li id="cite_note-39" class="mw-cite-dir-ltr"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="https://fa-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%D8%A2%D9%86%D8%A7%D8%A8%D8%A7%D8%B3%DB%8C%D8%B3?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-39">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="https://fa-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%D8%A2%D9%86%D8%A7%D8%A8%D8%A7%D8%B3%DB%8C%D8%B3?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#CITEREFXenophonCARLETON_L._BROWNSON1918">Xenophon & CARLETON L. BROWNSON 1918</a>‏:‎xiii</span></li> <li id="cite_note-40" class="mw-cite-dir-ltr"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="https://fa-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%D8%A2%D9%86%D8%A7%D8%A8%D8%A7%D8%B3%DB%8C%D8%B3?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-40">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="https://fa-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%D8%A2%D9%86%D8%A7%D8%A8%D8%A7%D8%B3%DB%8C%D8%B3?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#CITEREFXenophonCARLETON_L._BROWNSON1918">Xenophon & CARLETON L. BROWNSON 1918</a>‏:‎xiii</span></li> <li id="cite_note-41" class="mw-cite-dir-ltr"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="https://fa-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%D8%A2%D9%86%D8%A7%D8%A8%D8%A7%D8%B3%DB%8C%D8%B3?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-41">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="https://fa-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%D8%A2%D9%86%D8%A7%D8%A8%D8%A7%D8%B3%DB%8C%D8%B3?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#CITEREFDodge1909">Dodge 1909</a>‏:‎101</span></li> </ol> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"> <h3 id="کتابنامه"><span id=".DA.A9.D8.AA.D8.A7.D8.A8.D9.86.D8.A7.D9.85.D9.87"></span>کتابنامه</h3><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="https://fa-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=%D8%A2%D9%86%D8%A7%D8%A8%D8%A7%D8%B3%DB%8C%D8%B3&action=edit&section=10&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="ویرایش بخش: کتابنامه" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>ویرایش</span> </a> </span> </div> <div dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> <ul> <li><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r39868036">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-free a{background:linear-gradient(transparent,transparent),url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-registration a{background:linear-gradient(transparent,transparent),url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-subscription a{background:linear-gradient(transparent,transparent),url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:linear-gradient(transparent,transparent),url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#3a3;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}</style><cite id="CITEREFBacon1605" class="citation book cs1">Bacon, F. (1605). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://books.google.com/books?id%3DOME9AAAAYAAJ"><i>The Advancement of Learning</i></a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2021-10-24</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Advancement+of+Learning&rft.date=1605&rft.aulast=Bacon&rft.aufirst=F.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DOME9AAAAYAAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Ffa.wikipedia.org%3A%D8%A2%D9%86%D8%A7%D8%A8%D8%A7%D8%B3%DB%8C%D8%B3" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r39868036"><cite id="CITEREFDodge1909" class="citation book cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Dodge, T.A. (1909). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://books.google.bs/books?id%3DLOw9AQAAIAAJ"><i>Alexander</i></a> (به انگلیسی). Da Capo Press. <a href="https://fa-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%D8%B4%D9%85%D8%A7%D8%B1%D9%87_%D8%A7%D8%B3%D8%AA%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%AF%D8%A7%D8%B1%D8%AF_%D8%A8%DB%8C%D9%86%E2%80%8C%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%85%D9%84%D9%84%DB%8C_%DA%A9%D8%AA%D8%A7%D8%A8?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="شماره استاندارد بین‌المللی کتاب">ISBN</a> <a href="https://fa-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%D9%88%DB%8C%DA%98%D9%87:%D9%85%D9%86%D8%A7%D8%A8%D8%B9_%DA%A9%D8%AA%D8%A7%D8%A8/978-0-306-80690-2?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="ویژه:منابع کتاب/978-0-306-80690-2"><bdi>978-0-306-80690-2</bdi></a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2021-11-01</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Alexander&rft.pub=Da+Capo+Press&rft.date=1909&rft.isbn=978-0-306-80690-2&rft.aulast=Dodge&rft.aufirst=T.A.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.bs%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DLOw9AQAAIAAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Ffa.wikipedia.org%3A%D8%A2%D9%86%D8%A7%D8%A8%D8%A7%D8%B3%DB%8C%D8%B3" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r39868036"><cite id="CITEREFMeister2016" class="citation cs2">Meister, Klaus (2016-03-07), <i>Themistogenes, of Syracuse</i>, Oxford University Press, <a href="https://fa-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%D8%B4%D9%86%D8%A7%D8%B3%D8%A7%DA%AF%D8%B1_%D8%A7%D8%B4%DB%8C%D8%A7%D8%A1_%D8%AF%DB%8C%D8%AC%DB%8C%D8%AA%D8%A7%D9%84?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="شناساگر اشیاء دیجیتال">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://doi.org/10.1093%252Facrefore%252F9780199381135.013.6341">10.1093/acrefore/9780199381135.013.6341</a></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Themistogenes%2C+of+Syracuse&rft.pub=Oxford+University+Press&rft.date=2016-03-07&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1093%2Facrefore%2F9780199381135.013.6341&rft.aulast=Meister&rft.aufirst=Klaus&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Ffa.wikipedia.org%3A%D8%A2%D9%86%D8%A7%D8%A8%D8%A7%D8%B3%DB%8C%D8%B3" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r39868036"><cite id="CITEREFXenophonCARLETON_L._BROWNSON1918" class="citation book cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Xenophon; CARLETON L. BROWNSON (1918). <i>Xenophon: in seven volumes -- vol. III -- ANABASIS: BOOKS I-VII</i> (به انگلیسی). London: W. Heinemann - G.P. Putnam's Sons. <a href="https://fa-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%D8%B4%D9%85%D8%A7%D8%B1%D9%87_%D8%A7%D8%B3%D8%AA%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%AF%D8%A7%D8%B1%D8%AF_%D8%A8%DB%8C%D9%86%E2%80%8C%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%85%D9%84%D9%84%DB%8C_%DA%A9%D8%AA%D8%A7%D8%A8?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="شماره استاندارد بین‌المللی کتاب">ISBN</a> <a href="https://fa-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%D9%88%DB%8C%DA%98%D9%87:%D9%85%D9%86%D8%A7%D8%A8%D8%B9_%DA%A9%D8%AA%D8%A7%D8%A8/0-674-99100-1?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="ویژه:منابع کتاب/0-674-99100-1"><bdi>0-674-99100-1</bdi></a>. <a href="https://fa-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%D8%A7%D8%B3%DB%8C%E2%80%8C%D8%A7%D9%84%E2%80%8C%D8%B3%DB%8C_(%D8%B4%D9%86%D8%A7%D8%B3%D9%87)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="اسی‌ال‌سی (شناسه)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://www.worldcat.org/oclc/3231818">3231818</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Xenophon%3A+in+seven+volumes+--+vol.+III+--+ANABASIS%3A+BOOKS+I-VII&rft.place=London&rft.pub=W.+Heinemann+-+G.P.+Putnam%27s+Sons&rft.date=1918&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F3231818&rft.isbn=0-674-99100-1&rft.au=Xenophon&rft.au=CARLETON+L.+BROWNSON&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Ffa.wikipedia.org%3A%D8%A2%D9%86%D8%A7%D8%A8%D8%A7%D8%B3%DB%8C%D8%B3" class="Z3988"></span></li> </ul> </div>   </section> </div> <noscript> <img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?useformat=mobile&type=1x1&usesul3=0" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"> </noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet=""> برگرفته از «<a dir="ltr" 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lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Anabasis" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="ترکی آذربایجانی" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D0%2590%25D0%25BD%25D0%25B0%25D0%25B1%25D0%25B0%25D0%25B7%25D0%25B8%25D1%2581" title="Анабазис–بلغاری" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Анабазис" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="بلغاری" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-br mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://br.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anabasis" title="Anabasis–برتون" lang="br" hreflang="br" data-title="Anabasis" data-language-autonym="Brezhoneg" data-language-local-name="برتون" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Brezhoneg</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/An%25C3%25A0basi" title="Anàbasi–کاتالان" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Anàbasi" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="کاتالان" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ckb mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://ckb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D8%25A6%25DB%2595%25D9%2586%25D8%25A7%25D8%25A8%25D8%25A7%25D8%25B3%25DB%258C%25D8%25B3" title="ئەناباسیس–کردی مرکزی" lang="ckb" hreflang="ckb" data-title="ئەناباسیس" data-language-autonym="کوردی" data-language-local-name="کردی مرکزی" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>کوردی</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anabasis" title="Anabasis–چکی" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Anabasis" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="چکی" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anabasis" title="Anabasis–دانمارکی" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Anabasis" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="دانمارکی" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anabasis_(Xenophon)" title="Anabasis (Xenophon)–آلمانی" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Anabasis (Xenophon)" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="آلمانی" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25CE%259A%25CF%258D%25CF%2581%25CE%25BF%25CF%2585_%25CE%2591%25CE%25BD%25CE%25AC%25CE%25B2%25CE%25B1%25CF%2583%25CE%25B9%25CF%2582" title="Κύρου Ανάβασις–یونانی" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Κύρου Ανάβασις" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="یونانی" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anabasis_(Xenophon)" title="Anabasis (Xenophon)–انگلیسی" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="Anabasis (Xenophon)" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="انگلیسی" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anabazo_de_Ksenofono" title="Anabazo de Ksenofono–اسپرانتو" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Anabazo de Ksenofono" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="اسپرانتو" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/An%25C3%25A1basis_(Jenofonte)" title="Anábasis (Jenofonte)–اسپانیایی" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Anábasis (Jenofonte)" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="اسپانیایی" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anabasia" title="Anabasia–باسکی" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Anabasia" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="باسکی" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kyyroksen_sotaretki" title="Kyyroksen sotaretki–فنلاندی" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Kyyroksen sotaretki" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="فنلاندی" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anabase_(X%25C3%25A9nophon)" title="Anabase (Xénophon)–فرانسوی" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Anabase (Xénophon)" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="فرانسوی" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fy mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://fy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anabasis_(boek_fan_Ksenofon)" title="Anabasis (boek fan Ksenofon)–فریسی غربی" lang="fy" hreflang="fy" data-title="Anabasis (boek fan Ksenofon)" data-language-autonym="Frysk" data-language-local-name="فریسی غربی" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Frysk</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/An%25C3%25A1base" title="Anábase–گالیسیایی" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Anábase" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="گالیسیایی" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D7%2590%25D7%25A0%25D7%2591%25D7%25A1%25D7%2599%25D7%25A1_(%25D7%25A7%25D7%25A1%25D7%25A0%25D7%2595%25D7%25A4%25D7%2595%25D7%259F)" title="אנבסיס (קסנופון)–عبری" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="אנבסיס (קסנופון)" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="عبری" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anabaza" title="Anabaza–کروات" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Anabaza" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="کروات" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anabaszisz_(Xenoph%25C3%25B3n)" title="Anabaszisz (Xenophón)–مجاری" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Anabaszisz (Xenophón)" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="مجاری" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D4%25B1%25D5%25B6%25D5%25A1%25D5%25A2%25D5%25A1%25D5%25BD%25D5%25AB%25D5%25BD" title="Անաբասիս–ارمنی" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Անաբասիս" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="ارمنی" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anabasis" title="Anabasis–اندونزیایی" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Anabasis" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="اندونزیایی" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-io mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://io.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anabazo" title="Anabazo–ایدو" lang="io" hreflang="io" data-title="Anabazo" data-language-autonym="Ido" data-language-local-name="ایدو" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ido</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/Austurf%25C3%25B6r_K%25C3%25BDrosar" title="Austurför Kýrosar–ایسلندی" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="Austurför Kýrosar" data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="ایسلندی" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Íslenska</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anabasi_(Senofonte)" title="Anabasi (Senofonte)–ایتالیایی" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Anabasi (Senofonte)" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="ایتالیایی" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25E3%2582%25A2%25E3%2583%258A%25E3%2583%2590%25E3%2582%25B7%25E3%2582%25B9" title="アナバシス–ژاپنی" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="アナバシス" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="ژاپنی" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25EC%2595%2584%25EB%2582%2598%25EB%25B0%2594%25EC%258B%259C%25EC%258A%25A4_(%25ED%2581%25AC%25EC%2584%25B8%25EB%2585%25B8%25ED%258F%25B0)" title="아나바시스 (크세노폰)–کره‌ای" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="아나바시스 (크세노폰)" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="کره‌ای" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ku mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://ku.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anabas%25C3%25AEs" title="Anabasîs–کردی" lang="ku" hreflang="ku" data-title="Anabasîs" data-language-autonym="Kurdî" data-language-local-name="کردی" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kurdî</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anabasis_(Xenophon)" title="Anabasis (Xenophon)–لاتین" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Anabasis (Xenophon)" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="لاتین" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anabasis_(Xenophon)" title="Anabasis (Xenophon)–هلندی" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Anabasis (Xenophon)" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="هلندی" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anabasis" title="Anabasis–نروژی بوک‌مُل" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Anabasis" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="نروژی بوک‌مُل" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-oc mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://oc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anabasi_(Xenofont)" title="Anabasi (Xenofont)–اکسیتان" lang="oc" hreflang="oc" data-title="Anabasi (Xenofont)" data-language-autonym="Occitan" data-language-local-name="اکسیتان" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Occitan</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anabaza" title="Anabaza–لهستانی" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Anabaza" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="لهستانی" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pnt mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://pnt.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25CE%259A%25CF%258D%25CF%2581%25CE%25BF%25CF%2585_%25CE%2591%25CE%25BD%25CE%25AC%25CE%25B2%25CE%25B1%25CF%2583%25CE%25B9%25CF%2582" title="Κύρου Ανάβασις–Pontic" lang="pnt" hreflang="pnt" data-title="Κύρου Ανάβασις" data-language-autonym="Ποντιακά" data-language-local-name="Pontic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ποντιακά</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/An%25C3%25A1base" title="Anábase–پرتغالی" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Anábase" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="پرتغالی" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D0%2590%25D0%25BD%25D0%25B0%25D0%25B1%25D0%25B0%25D1%2581%25D0%25B8%25D1%2581_%25D0%259A%25D0%25B8%25D1%2580%25D0%25B0" title="Анабасис Кира–روسی" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Анабасис Кира" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="روسی" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anabaza" title="Anabaza–صرب و کرواتی" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Anabaza" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="صرب و کرواتی" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anabasis_(Xenofon)" title="Anabasis (Xenofon)–سوئدی" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Anabasis (Xenofon)" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="سوئدی" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anabasis" title="Anabasis–ترکی استانبولی" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Anabasis" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="ترکی استانبولی" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D0%2590%25D0%25BD%25D0%25B0%25D0%25B1%25D0%25B0%25D0%25B7%25D0%25B8%25D1%2581_%25D0%259A%25D1%2596%25D1%2580%25D0%25B0" title="Анабазис Кіра–اوکراینی" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Анабазис Кіра" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="اوکراینی" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25E9%2595%25BF%25E5%25BE%2581%25E8%25AE%25B0" title="长征记–چینی" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="长征记" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="چینی" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li> </ul> </section> </div> <div class="minerva-footer-logo"> <img src="/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-wordmark-fa.svg" alt="ویکی‌پدیا" width="96" height="32" style="width: 6em; height: 2em;"> </div> <ul id="footer-info" class="footer-info hlist hlist-separated"> <li id="footer-info-lastmod">این صفحه آخرین‌بار در ۱۵ نوامبر ۲۰۲۴ ساعت ۰۱:۲۲ ویرایش شده است.</li> <li 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