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data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.pin">move to sidebar</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.unpin">hide</button> </div> <ul class="vector-toc-contents" id="mw-panel-toc-list"> <li id="toc-mw-content-text" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a href="#" class="vector-toc-link"> <div class="vector-toc-text">(Top)</div> </a> </li> <li id="toc-Fields_of_study_of_political_science" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Fields_of_study_of_political_science"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1</span> <span>Fields of study of political science</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Fields_of_study_of_political_science-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Related_disciplines" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Related_disciplines"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Related disciplines</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Related_disciplines-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Political_theory" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Political_theory"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Political theory</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Political_theory-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Decision-making" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Decision-making"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Decision-making</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Decision-making-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Decision-making subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Decision-making-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Election" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Election"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.1</span> <span>Election</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Election-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Order_of_succession" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Order_of_succession"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.2</span> <span>Order of succession</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Order_of_succession-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Sortition" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Sortition"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.3</span> <span>Sortition</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Sortition-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Political_institutions" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Political_institutions"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Political institutions</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Political_institutions-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Political institutions subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Political_institutions-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Branches_of_government" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Branches_of_government"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.1</span> <span>Branches of government</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Branches_of_government-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Political_parties" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Political_parties"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.2</span> <span>Political parties</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Political_parties-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Political_behavior" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Political_behavior"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>Political behavior</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Political_behavior-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Political behavior subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Political_behavior-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Theories_of_political_behaviour" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Theories_of_political_behaviour"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.1</span> <span>Theories of political behaviour</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Theories_of_political_behaviour-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Political_strategy" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Political_strategy"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.2</span> <span>Political strategy</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Political_strategy-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Voting_behavior" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Voting_behavior"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.3</span> <span>Voting behavior</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Voting_behavior-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Political_dysfunction" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Political_dysfunction"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>Political dysfunction</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Political_dysfunction-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Types_of_polities_and_forms_of_government" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Types_of_polities_and_forms_of_government"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>Types of polities and forms of government</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Types_of_polities_and_forms_of_government-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Types of polities and forms of government subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Types_of_polities_and_forms_of_government-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-By_level_of_social_organisation" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#By_level_of_social_organisation"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8.1</span> <span>By level of social organisation</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-By_level_of_social_organisation-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-By_formal_power_structure" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#By_formal_power_structure"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8.2</span> <span>By formal power structure</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-By_formal_power_structure-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-By_source_of_power" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#By_source_of_power"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8.3</span> <span>By source of power</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-By_source_of_power-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Political_ideologies_and_philosophies" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Political_ideologies_and_philosophies"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9</span> <span>Political ideologies and philosophies</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Political_ideologies_and_philosophies-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Governments_of_the_world" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Governments_of_the_world"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">10</span> <span>Governments of the world</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Governments_of_the_world-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Political_issues_and_policies" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Political_issues_and_policies"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">11</span> <span>Political issues and policies</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Political_issues_and_policies-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Political issues and policies subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Political_issues_and_policies-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Rights" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Rights"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">11.1</span> <span>Rights</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Rights-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Economic_policy" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Economic_policy"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">11.2</span> <span>Economic policy</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Economic_policy-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Foreign_and_security_policy" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Foreign_and_security_policy"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">11.3</span> <span>Foreign and security policy</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Foreign_and_security_policy-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Social_policy" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Social_policy"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">11.4</span> <span>Social policy</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Social_policy-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Politics_by_continent" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Politics_by_continent"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">12</span> <span>Politics by continent</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Politics_by_continent-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Politics by continent subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Politics_by_continent-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Foreign_relations_by_continents" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Foreign_relations_by_continents"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">12.1</span> <span>Foreign relations by continents</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Foreign_relations_by_continents-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Political_parties_by_continent" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Political_parties_by_continent"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">12.2</span> <span>Political parties by continent</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Political_parties_by_continent-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-History_of_politics" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#History_of_politics"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">13</span> <span>History of politics</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-History_of_politics-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Political_scholars" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Political_scholars"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">14</span> <span>Political scholars</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Political_scholars-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Influential_literature" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Influential_literature"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">15</span> <span>Influential literature</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Influential_literature-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">16</span> <span>See also</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Further_reading" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Further_reading"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">17</span> <span>Further reading</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Further_reading-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">18</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">19</span> <span>External links</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" 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class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Garis_besar_politik" title="Garis besar politik – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Garis besar politik" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Omr%C3%A5de_av_politikk" title="Område av politikk – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Område av politikk" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%BE%D1%80%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BB:%D0%9F%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B0/%D0%9E%D1%81%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%BD%D1%8B%D0%B5_%D0%BF%D0%BE%D0%BD%D1%8F%D1%82%D0%B8%D1%8F_%D0%BF%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B8" title="Портал:Политика/Основные понятия политики – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Портал:Политика/Основные понятия политики" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-si mw-list-item"><a href="https://si.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B6%AF%E0%B7%9A%E0%B7%81%E0%B6%B4%E0%B7%8F%E0%B6%BD%E0%B6%B1_%E0%B7%80%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%AF%E0%B7%8A%E2%80%8D%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%8F%E0%B7%80_%E0%B7%80%E0%B6%A7%E0%B7%83%E0%B6%B1" title="දේශපාලන විද්‍යාව වටසන – Sinhala" lang="si" hreflang="si" data-title="දේශපාලන විද්‍යාව වටසන" data-language-autonym="සිංහල" data-language-local-name="Sinhala" 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a{color:var(--color-progressive)!important}}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .sidebar{display:none!important}}</style><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><table class="sidebar sidebar-collapse nomobile nowraplinks"><tbody><tr><td class="sidebar-pretitle">Part of the <a href="/wiki/Category:Politics" title="Category:Politics">Politics series</a></td></tr><tr><th class="sidebar-title-with-pretitle" style="border-top:1px #fafafa solid; border-bottom:1px #fafafa solid; background:#efefef; background: var(--background-color-interactive, #efefef); color: var(--color-base, #000); padding:0.2em;"><a href="/wiki/Politics" title="Politics">Politics</a></th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-above" style="display:block; margin-bottom:0.5em; background:transparent;"> <div class="hlist"> <ul><li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Outline</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Index_of_politics_articles" title="Index of politics articles">Index</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Politics" title="Category:Politics">Category</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content" style="text-align:left;text-align:center;"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed plainlist"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background:#efefef; border-top:1px solid;background: var(--background-color-interactive, #efefef); color: var(--color-base, #000); border-top:1px solid #aaa;text-align:center;;color: var(--color-base)"><div class="sidebar-list-title-c">Primary topics</div></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"> <ul><li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Outline of political science</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Index_of_politics_articles" title="Index of politics articles">Index of politics articles</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Politics_by_country" class="mw-redirect" title="Politics by country">Politics by country</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Politics_of_country_subdivisions" title="Politics of country subdivisions">Politics by subdivision</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Political_economy" title="Political economy">Political economy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Political_history" title="Political history">Political history</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Political_history_of_the_world" title="Political history of the world">Political history of the world</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Political_philosophy" title="Political philosophy">Political philosophy</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content" style="text-align:left;text-align:center;"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed hlist"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background:#efefef; border-top:1px solid;background: var(--background-color-interactive, #efefef); color: var(--color-base, #000); border-top:1px solid #aaa;text-align:center;;color: var(--color-base)"><div class="sidebar-list-title-c"><a href="/wiki/Political_system" title="Political system">Political systems</a></div></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Anarchy" title="Anarchy">Anarchy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/City-state" title="City-state">City-state</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Collective_leadership" title="Collective leadership">Collective leadership</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Confessional_system" class="mw-redirect" title="Confessional system">Confessional system</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Democracy" title="Democracy">Democracy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dictatorship" title="Dictatorship">Dictatorship</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Directorial_system" title="Directorial system">Directorial</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Federacy" title="Federacy">Federacy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Feudalism" title="Feudalism">Feudalism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hybrid_regime" title="Hybrid regime">Hybrid regime</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Meritocracy" title="Meritocracy">Meritocracy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Monarchy" title="Monarchy">Monarchy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Parliamentary_system" title="Parliamentary system">Parliamentary</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Presidential_system" title="Presidential system">Presidential</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Republic" title="Republic">Republic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Semi-parliamentary_system" title="Semi-parliamentary system">Semi-parliamentary</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Semi-presidential_system" class="mw-redirect" title="Semi-presidential system">Semi-presidential</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Theocracy" title="Theocracy">Theocracy</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content" style="text-align:left;text-align:center;"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed plainlist"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background:#efefef; border-top:1px solid;background: var(--background-color-interactive, #efefef); color: var(--color-base, #000); border-top:1px solid #aaa;text-align:center;;color: var(--color-base)"><div class="sidebar-list-title-c">Academic disciplines</div></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"> <ul><li><div style="display:inline-block; padding:0.2em 0.4em; line-height:1.2em; line-height:1.15em;"><a href="/wiki/Political_science" title="Political science">Political science</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(<a href="/wiki/List_of_political_scientists" title="List of political scientists">political scientists</a>)</span></div></li> <li><div style="display:inline-block; padding:0.2em 0.4em; line-height:1.2em; line-height:1.15em;"><a href="/wiki/International_relations" title="International relations">International relations</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(<a href="/wiki/International_relations_theory" title="International relations theory">theory</a>)</span></div></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Comparative_politics" title="Comparative politics">Comparative politics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Election_science" title="Election science">Election science</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Psephology" title="Psephology">Political analysis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Political_philosophy" title="Political philosophy">Political theory</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Policy_studies" title="Policy studies">Policy studies</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Political_psychology" title="Political psychology">Political psychology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Political_sociology" title="Political sociology">Political sociology</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content" style="text-align:left;text-align:center;"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed plainlist"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background:#efefef; border-top:1px solid;background: var(--background-color-interactive, #efefef); color: var(--color-base, #000); border-top:1px solid #aaa;text-align:center;;color: var(--color-base)"><div class="sidebar-list-title-c"><a href="/wiki/Public_administration" title="Public administration">Public administration</a></div></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bureaucracy" title="Bureaucracy">Bureaucracy</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(<a href="/wiki/Street-level_bureaucracy" title="Street-level bureaucracy">street-level</a>)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Technocracy" title="Technocracy">Technocracy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Adhocracy" title="Adhocracy">Adhocracy</a></li> <li>Service <ul><li>(<a href="/wiki/Public_service" title="Public service">Public</a> / <a href="/wiki/Civil_service" title="Civil service">Civil</a>)</li></ul></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content" style="text-align:left;text-align:center;"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed hlist"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background:#efefef; border-top:1px solid;background: var(--background-color-interactive, #efefef); color: var(--color-base, #000); border-top:1px solid #aaa;text-align:center;;color: var(--color-base)"><div class="sidebar-list-title-c"><a href="/wiki/Policy" title="Policy">Policy</a></div></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Public_policy" title="Public policy">Public policy</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(<a href="/wiki/Public_policy_doctrine" title="Public policy doctrine">doctrine</a>)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Domestic_policy" title="Domestic policy">Domestic policy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Foreign_policy" title="Foreign policy">Foreign policy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Civil_society" title="Civil society">Civil society</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Public_interest" title="Public interest">Public interest</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content" style="text-align:left;text-align:center;"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed plainlist"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background:#efefef; border-top:1px solid;background: var(--background-color-interactive, #efefef); color: var(--color-base, #000); border-top:1px solid #aaa;text-align:center;;color: var(--color-base)"><div class="sidebar-list-title-c">Government branches</div></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Separation_of_powers" title="Separation of powers">Separation of powers</a></li></ul> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Legislature" title="Legislature">Legislature</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Executive_(government)" title="Executive (government)">Executive</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Judiciary" title="Judiciary">Judiciary</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Election_commission" title="Election commission">Election commission</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content" style="text-align:left;text-align:center;"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed plainlist"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background:#efefef; border-top:1px solid;background: var(--background-color-interactive, #efefef); color: var(--color-base, #000); border-top:1px solid #aaa;text-align:center;;color: var(--color-base)"><div class="sidebar-list-title-c">Related topics</div></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Sovereignty" title="Sovereignty">Sovereignty</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Polity" title="Polity">Polity</a> / <a href="/wiki/State_(polity)" title="State (polity)">State</a> / <a href="/wiki/Country" title="Country">Country</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Theories_of_political_behavior" title="Theories of political behavior">Theories of political behavior</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Biology_and_political_orientation" title="Biology and political orientation">Biology and political orientation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Political_organisation" title="Political organisation">Political organisations</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Critique_of_political_economy" title="Critique of political economy">Critique of political economy</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content" style="text-align:left;text-align:center;"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed plainlist"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background:#efefef; border-top:1px solid;background: var(--background-color-interactive, #efefef); color: var(--color-base, #000); border-top:1px solid #aaa;text-align:center;;color: var(--color-base)"><div class="sidebar-list-title-c">Subseries</div></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Electoral_system" title="Electoral system">Electoral systems</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Election" title="Election">Elections</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Voting" title="Voting">voting</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Political_unitarism" title="Political unitarism">Unitarism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Federalism" title="Federalism">Federalism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Government" title="Government">Government</a> <ul><li>(<a href="/wiki/List_of_forms_of_government" title="List of forms of government">forms</a> / <a href="/wiki/Governance" title="Governance">Governance</a>)</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ideology" title="Ideology">Ideology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Political_culture" title="Political culture">Culture</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Political_campaign" title="Political campaign">Political campaigning</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Political_party" title="Political party">Political parties</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-below" style="background:#efefef;background: var(--background-color-interactive, #efefef); color: var(--color-base, #000);"> <span class="nowrap"><span class="mw-image-border noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:A_coloured_voting_box.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="icon" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/01/A_coloured_voting_box.svg/16px-A_coloured_voting_box.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/01/A_coloured_voting_box.svg/24px-A_coloured_voting_box.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/01/A_coloured_voting_box.svg/32px-A_coloured_voting_box.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="160" data-file-height="160" /></a></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Portal:Politics" title="Portal:Politics">Politics portal</a></td></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-navbar"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239400231">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:114%;margin:0 7em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:114%;margin:0 4em}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Politics_sidebar" title="Template:Politics sidebar"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Politics_sidebar" title="Template talk:Politics sidebar"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Politics_sidebar" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Politics sidebar"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <p><b><a href="/wiki/Politics" title="Politics">Politics</a></b> – the exercise of power; process by which groups of people make <a href="/wiki/Group_decision_making" class="mw-redirect" title="Group decision making">collective decisions</a>. Politics is the art or science of running governmental or state affairs (including behavior within civil <a href="/wiki/Government" title="Government">governments</a>), institutions, fields, and special interest groups such as the <a href="/wiki/Corporation" title="Corporation">corporate</a>, <a href="/wiki/Academia" class="mw-redirect" title="Academia">academic</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Religion" title="Religion">religious</a> segments of society. </p><p><b><a href="/wiki/Political_science" title="Political science">Political science</a></b> – the field concerning the theory and practice of <a href="/wiki/Politics" title="Politics">politics</a> and the description and analysis of <a href="/wiki/Political_system" title="Political system">political systems</a> and political behavior. </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r886046785">.mw-parser-output .toclimit-2 .toclevel-1 ul,.mw-parser-output .toclimit-3 .toclevel-2 ul,.mw-parser-output .toclimit-4 .toclevel-3 ul,.mw-parser-output .toclimit-5 .toclevel-4 ul,.mw-parser-output .toclimit-6 .toclevel-5 ul,.mw-parser-output .toclimit-7 .toclevel-6 ul{display:none}</style><div class="toclimit-2"><meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Fields_of_study_of_political_science">Fields of study of political science</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Outline_of_political_science&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Fields of study of political science"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1184024115">.mw-parser-output .div-col{margin-top:0.3em;column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .div-col-small{font-size:90%}.mw-parser-output .div-col-rules{column-rule:1px solid #aaa}.mw-parser-output .div-col dl,.mw-parser-output .div-col ol,.mw-parser-output .div-col ul{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .div-col li,.mw-parser-output .div-col dd{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}</style><div class="div-col"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Comparative_politics" title="Comparative politics">Comparative politics</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Democratization" title="Democratization">Democratization</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Political_polarization" title="Political polarization">Polarization</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Politicization" class="mw-redirect" title="Politicization">Politicization</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Multi-level_governance" title="Multi-level governance">Multi-level governance</a></li> <li><i>see <a href="#Electoral_systems">§ Electoral systems</a> and <a href="#Political_institutions">§ Political institutions</a></i></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Development_studies" title="Development studies">Development studies</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Geopolitics" title="Geopolitics">Geopolitics</a> and <a href="/wiki/Political_geography" title="Political geography">political geography</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Area_studies" title="Area studies">Area studies</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Globalization" title="Globalization">Globalization</a> studies</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gender_and_politics" title="Gender and politics">Gender and politics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Institutional_theory" title="Institutional theory">Institutional theory</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/New_institutionalism" title="New institutionalism">New institutionalism</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/International_relations" title="International relations">International relations</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Security_studies" title="Security studies">Security studies</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Critical_security_studies" title="Critical security studies">Critical security studies</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Copenhagen_school_(international_relations)" class="mw-redirect" title="Copenhagen school (international relations)">Copenhagen School</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paris_school_(security_studies)" class="mw-redirect" title="Paris school (security studies)">Paris school</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Welsh_School_(security_studies)" title="Welsh School (security studies)">Welsh school</a></li></ul></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nationalism_studies" title="Nationalism studies">Nationalism studies</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Banal_nationalism" title="Banal nationalism">Banal nationalism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Diaspora_politics" title="Diaspora politics">Diaspora politics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Irredentism" title="Irredentism">Irredentism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nationalism_and_gender" title="Nationalism and gender">Nationalism and gender</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nationalist_historiography" title="Nationalist historiography">Nationalist historiography</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Postnationalism" title="Postnationalism">Postnationalism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Revanchism" title="Revanchism">Revanchism</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Political_behavior" class="mw-redirect" title="Political behavior">Political behavior</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Political_activism" class="mw-redirect" title="Political activism">Political activism</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Political_movement" title="Political movement">Political movement</a></li></ul></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Political_economy" title="Political economy">Political economy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Political_fiction" title="Political fiction">Political fiction</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Political_satire" title="Political satire">Political satire</a></li></ul></li> <li>Political <a href="/wiki/Research_methodology" class="mw-redirect" title="Research methodology">research methodology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Political_sociology" title="Political sociology">Political sociology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Political_philosophy" title="Political philosophy">Political theory and philosophy</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Political_spectrum" title="Political spectrum">Political spectrum</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Positive_political_theory" title="Positive political theory">Positive political theory</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Game_theory" title="Game theory">Game theory</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Postcolonialism" title="Postcolonialism">Postcolonialism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Psephology" title="Psephology">Psephology</a> – study of elections <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Voting_theory" class="mw-redirect" title="Voting theory">Voting theory</a></li> <li><i>see <a href="#Electoral_systems">§ Electoral systems</a></i></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Policy_analysis" title="Policy analysis">Policy analysis</a> and <a href="/wiki/Policy_studies" title="Policy studies">Policy studies</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Foreign_policy_analysis" title="Foreign policy analysis">Foreign policy analysis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Public_administration" title="Public administration">Public administration</a> and <a href="/wiki/Local_government" title="Local government">local government</a> studies</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Public_law" title="Public law">Public law</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Strategic_studies" title="Strategic studies">Strategic studies</a></li></ul> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Related_disciplines">Related disciplines</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Outline_of_political_science&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Related disciplines"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1184024115"><div class="div-col"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Anthropology" title="Anthropology">Anthropology</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Political_anthropology" title="Political anthropology">Political anthropology</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Economics" title="Economics">Economics</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Political_economy" title="Political economy">Political economy</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Geography" title="Geography">Geography</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Political_geography" title="Political geography">Political geography</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History" title="History">History</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Political_history" title="Political history">Political history</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jurisprudence" title="Jurisprudence">Jurisprudence</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Constitutional_law" title="Constitutional law">Constitutional law</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/International_legal_theory" class="mw-redirect" title="International legal theory">International legal theory</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Political_jurisprudence" title="Political jurisprudence">Political jurisprudence</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Philosophy" title="Philosophy">Philosophy</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ethics" title="Ethics">Ethics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Political_philosophy" title="Political philosophy">Political philosophy</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Psychology" title="Psychology">Psychology</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Political_psychology" title="Political psychology">Political psychology</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sociology" title="Sociology">Sociology</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Political_sociology" title="Political sociology">Political sociology</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Political_theory">Political theory</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Outline_of_political_science&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Political theory"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Political_theory" class="mw-redirect" title="Political theory">Political theory</a></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1184024115"><div class="div-col" style="column-width: 30em;"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Anarchist_schools_of_thought" class="mw-redirect" title="Anarchist schools of thought">Anarchist schools of thought</a> hold that all forms of <a href="/wiki/Hierarchy" title="Hierarchy">hierarchy</a> and <a href="/wiki/Authority" title="Authority">authority</a> are illegitimate. <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Social_anarchism" title="Social anarchism">Social anarchism</a> views <a href="/wiki/Individualism" title="Individualism">individual freedom</a> as interrelated with <a href="/wiki/Mutual_aid_(organization_theory)" class="mw-redirect" title="Mutual aid (organization theory)">mutual aid</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Suissa,_Judith_2001_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Suissa,_Judith_2001-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Individualist_anarchism" title="Individualist anarchism">Individualist anarchism</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Democratic_theory" class="mw-redirect" title="Democratic theory">Democratic theory</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Athenian_democracy" title="Athenian democracy">Athenian democracy</a> a form of <a href="/wiki/Greek_democracy" title="Greek democracy">Greek democracy</a> in which free male citizens had a direct vote on all government actions.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Republicanism" title="Republicanism">Republicanism</a> a strain of political thought which was common among the <a href="/wiki/City-states" class="mw-redirect" title="City-states">city-states</a> of the <a href="/wiki/Italian_Renaissance" title="Italian Renaissance">Italian Renaissance</a>, such as the <a href="/wiki/Republic_of_Venice" title="Republic of Venice">Republic of Venice</a>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Representative_democracy" title="Representative democracy">Representative democracy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Direct_democracy" title="Direct democracy">Direct democracy</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Popular_initiative" title="Popular initiative">Initiative</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Referendum" title="Referendum">Referendum</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Radical_democracy" title="Radical democracy">Radical democracy</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Deliberative_democracy" title="Deliberative democracy">Deliberative democracy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Participatory_democracy" title="Participatory democracy">Participatory democracy</a></li></ul></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/International_relations_theory" title="International relations theory">International relations theory</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Power_in_international_relations" class="mw-redirect" title="Power in international relations">Power in international relations</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Realism_in_international_relations" class="mw-redirect" title="Realism in international relations">Realism in international relations</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Neorealism_(international_relations)" title="Neorealism (international relations)">Neorealism (international relations)</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Idealism_in_international_relations" title="Idealism in international relations">Idealism in international relations</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Liberalism_(international_relations)" title="Liberalism (international relations)">Liberalism (international relations)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Neoliberalism_(international_relations)" class="mw-redirect" title="Neoliberalism (international relations)">Neoliberalism (international relations)</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marxist_international_relations_theory" title="Marxist international relations theory">Marxist international relations theory</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Functionalism_in_international_relations" class="mw-redirect" title="Functionalism in international relations">Functionalism in international relations</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Critical_international_relations_theory" title="Critical international relations theory">Critical international relations theory</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Majoritarianism" title="Majoritarianism">Majoritarianism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marxist_schools_of_thought" title="Marxist schools of thought">Marxist schools of thought</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Marxism-Leninism" class="mw-redirect" title="Marxism-Leninism">Marxism-Leninism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maoism" title="Maoism">Maoism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trotskyism" title="Trotskyism">Trotskyism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Left_communism" title="Left communism">Left communism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anti-revisionism" class="mw-redirect" title="Anti-revisionism">Anti-revisionism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Western_Marxism" title="Western Marxism">Western Marxism</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Structural_Marxism" title="Structural Marxism">Structural Marxism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Neo-Marxism" title="Neo-Marxism">Neo-Marxism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Frankfurt_School" class="mw-redirect" title="The Frankfurt School">The Frankfurt School</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Autonomism" title="Autonomism">Autonomism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Analytical_Marxism" title="Analytical Marxism">Analytical Marxism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marxist_Humanism" class="mw-redirect" title="Marxist Humanism">Marxist Humanism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marxist_feminism" title="Marxist feminism">Marxist feminism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Post-Marxism" title="Post-Marxism">Post-Marxism</a></li></ul></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Metapolitics" title="Metapolitics">Metapolitics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peace_and_conflict_studies" title="Peace and conflict studies">Peace and conflict studies</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Democratic_peace_theory" title="Democratic peace theory">Democratic peace theory</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Power_transition_theory" title="Power transition theory">Power transition theory</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hegemonic_stability_theory" title="Hegemonic stability theory">Hegemonic stability theory</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Political_geography" title="Political geography">Political geography</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Political_symbolism" title="Political symbolism">Political symbolism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Postcolonialism" title="Postcolonialism">Postcolonialism</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Decoloniality" title="Decoloniality">Decoloniality</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Blue_water_thesis" title="Blue water thesis">Blue water thesis</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Three-world_model" title="Three-world model">Three-world model</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Third-Worldism" class="mw-redirect" title="Third-Worldism">Third-Worldism</a></li></ul></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Theories_of_state" class="mw-redirect" title="Theories of state">Theories of state</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Consent_of_the_governed" title="Consent of the governed">Consent of the governed</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Social_contract" title="Social contract">Social contract</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Secession" title="Secession">Secession</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Right_of_rebellion" class="mw-redirect" title="Right of rebellion">Right of rebellion</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Form_of_government" class="mw-redirect" title="Form of government">Form of government</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Islamic_state" title="Islamic state">Islamic state</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nationalism" title="Nationalism">Nationalism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Patriotism" title="Patriotism">Patriotism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sovereignty" title="Sovereignty">Sovereignty</a></li></ul></li></ul></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Decision-making">Decision-making</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Outline_of_political_science&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Decision-making"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Voting_in_Afghanistan.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ab/Voting_in_Afghanistan.jpg/220px-Voting_in_Afghanistan.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="293" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ab/Voting_in_Afghanistan.jpg/330px-Voting_in_Afghanistan.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ab/Voting_in_Afghanistan.jpg/440px-Voting_in_Afghanistan.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2322" data-file-height="3096" /></a><figcaption>Voting is a key form of decision-making in politics. A female journalist displays her inked finger after casting her vote in Afghanistan's western <a href="/wiki/Herat_Province" title="Herat Province">Herat province</a>.</figcaption></figure> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Election"><a href="/wiki/Election" title="Election">Election</a></h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Outline_of_political_science&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Election"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1184024115"><div class="div-col"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Electoral_system" title="Electoral system">Electoral systems</a><span class="anchor" id="Electoral_systems"></span> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Plurality_voting" title="Plurality voting">Plurality voting</a> allows each voter to vote for a single candidate, with the candidate with most votes being the winner. It is often combined with <a href="/wiki/Single-member_district" title="Single-member district">single-member districts</a>, resulting in a <a href="/wiki/Majoritarian_democracy" title="Majoritarian democracy">majoritarian democracy</a>. <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cardinal_voting" class="mw-redirect" title="Cardinal voting">Cardinal voting systems</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Approval_voting" title="Approval voting">Approval voting</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Satisfaction_approval_voting" title="Satisfaction approval voting">Satisfaction approval voting</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Majority_judgment" title="Majority judgment">Majority judgment</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/STAR_voting" title="STAR voting">STAR voting</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/First-past-the-post_voting" title="First-past-the-post voting">First-past-the-post voting</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Single_non-transferable_vote" title="Single non-transferable vote">Single non-transferable vote</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Limited_voting" title="Limited voting">Limited voting</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Plurality-at-large_voting" class="mw-redirect" title="Plurality-at-large voting">Plurality-at-large voting</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/General_ticket" title="General ticket">General ticket</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Proportional_representation" title="Proportional representation">Proportional representation</a> ensures that proportions of representation allocated in the elected body reflect their proportions of support among the <a href="/wiki/Election" title="Election">electorate</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-JSM7_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-JSM7-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Often combined with <a href="/wiki/Multi-member_district" class="mw-redirect" title="Multi-member district">multi-member districts</a> to produce <a href="/wiki/Consensus_democracy" title="Consensus democracy">consensus democracy</a>. <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Party-list_proportional_representation" title="Party-list proportional representation">Party-list proportional representation</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Gallagher_index" title="Gallagher index">proportionality measures</a></li></ul></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mixed_electoral_system" title="Mixed electoral system">Mixed electoral systems</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Mixed-member_proportional_representation" title="Mixed-member proportional representation">Mixed-member proportional representation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Parallel_voting" title="Parallel voting">Parallel voting</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scorporo" title="Scorporo">Scorporo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Majority_bonus_system" title="Majority bonus system">Majority bonus system</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alternative_vote_plus" title="Alternative vote plus">Alternative vote plus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dual-member_proportional_representation" class="mw-redirect" title="Dual-member proportional representation">Dual-member proportional representation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rural-urban_proportional_representation" class="mw-redirect" title="Rural-urban proportional representation">Rural-urban proportional representation</a></li></ul></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Suffrage" title="Suffrage">Suffrage</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Disfranchisement" title="Disfranchisement">Disfranchisement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Right_of_foreigners_to_vote" class="mw-redirect" title="Right of foreigners to vote">Right of foreigners to vote</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Right_of_expatriates_to_vote_in_their_country_of_origin" class="mw-redirect" title="Right of expatriates to vote in their country of origin">Right of expatriates to vote in their country of origin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Youth_suffrage" title="Youth suffrage">Youth suffrage</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Age_of_candidacy" title="Age of candidacy">Age of candidacy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Demeny_voting" title="Demeny voting">Demeny voting</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wasted_vote" title="Wasted vote">Wasted vote</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Voting" title="Voting">Voting</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Compulsory_voting" title="Compulsory voting">Compulsory voting</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Electronic_voting" title="Electronic voting">Electronic voting</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/None_of_the_above" title="None of the above">None of the above</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Secret_ballot" title="Secret ballot">Secret ballot</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Game_theory" title="Game theory">Game theory</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Political_campaign" title="Political campaign">Political campaign</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Political_communications" class="mw-redirect" title="Political communications">Political communications</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Political_compass" class="mw-redirect" title="Political compass">Political qualifications</a></li></ul> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Order_of_succession"><a href="/wiki/Order_of_succession" title="Order of succession">Order of succession</a></h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Outline_of_political_science&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Order of succession"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Primogeniture" title="Primogeniture">Primogeniture</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Sortition"><a href="/wiki/Sortition" title="Sortition">Sortition</a></h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Outline_of_political_science&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Sortition"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Citizens%27_assembly" title="Citizens' assembly">Citizens' assembly</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Political_institutions">Political institutions</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Outline_of_political_science&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Political institutions"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:US_Supreme_Court.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/de/US_Supreme_Court.JPG/220px-US_Supreme_Court.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/de/US_Supreme_Court.JPG/330px-US_Supreme_Court.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/de/US_Supreme_Court.JPG/440px-US_Supreme_Court.JPG 2x" data-file-width="3072" data-file-height="2304" /></a><figcaption>Institutions are often the framework within which politics happens. Pictured is the <a href="/wiki/Supreme_Court_of_the_United_States" title="Supreme Court of the United States">Supreme Court of the United States</a>.</figcaption></figure> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Branches_of_government">Branches of government</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Outline_of_political_science&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Branches of government"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The <a href="/wiki/Separation_of_powers" title="Separation of powers">separation of powers</a> is typically set in the <a href="/wiki/Constitution" title="Constitution">constitution</a> or <a href="/wiki/Basic_law" title="Basic law">basic law</a> in order to achieve <a href="/wiki/Checks_and_balances" class="mw-redirect" title="Checks and balances">checks and balances</a> within government. The typical model has three branches, and is referred to as the <i><b>trias politica</b></i>. </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Legislature" title="Legislature">Legislature</a>, deliberates and passes <a href="/wiki/Law" title="Law">laws</a>. <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Unicameralism" title="Unicameralism">Unicameralism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bicameralism" title="Bicameralism">Bicameralism</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Upper_house" title="Upper house">Upper house</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lower_house" title="Lower house">Lower house</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tricameralism" title="Tricameralism">Tricameralism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tetracameralism" class="mw-redirect" title="Tetracameralism">Tetracameralism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Multicameralism" title="Multicameralism">Multicameralism</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Executive_(government)" title="Executive (government)">Executive</a>, executes laws. <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Head_of_state" title="Head of state">Head of state</a>, formal, often symbolic, leader of state. Sometimes has <a href="/wiki/Veto" title="Veto">veto</a> power over proposed legislation. <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Monarch" title="Monarch">Monarch</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Supreme_leader" title="Supreme leader">Supreme leader</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/President_(government_title)" title="President (government title)">President</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Head_of_government" title="Head of government">Head of government</a>, the person(s) in charge of day-to-day affairs of the state. Usually heads a <a href="/wiki/Cabinet_(government)" title="Cabinet (government)">cabinet</a>, a <a href="/wiki/Council_of_Ministers" title="Council of Ministers">Council of Ministers</a> or a <a href="/wiki/Council_of_State" class="mw-redirect" title="Council of State">Council of State</a>. <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Chancellor" title="Chancellor">Chancellor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chief_executive" class="mw-redirect" title="Chief executive">Chief executive</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chief_minister" title="Chief minister">Chief minister</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/First_minister" title="First minister">First minister</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Premier" title="Premier">Premier</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prime_minister" title="Prime minister">Prime minister</a></li></ul></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Judiciary" title="Judiciary">Judiciary</a>, often involved in politics through <a href="/wiki/Judicial_review" title="Judicial review">judicial review</a>. <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Supreme_court" title="Supreme court">Supreme court</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Constitutional_court" title="Constitutional court">Constitutional court</a></li></ul></li></ul> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Number_of_political_parties_in_the_Hellenic_Parliament_by_election_year_and_electoral_system_(1910-2015).svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/26/Number_of_political_parties_in_the_Hellenic_Parliament_by_election_year_and_electoral_system_%281910-2015%29.svg/220px-Number_of_political_parties_in_the_Hellenic_Parliament_by_election_year_and_electoral_system_%281910-2015%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="153" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/26/Number_of_political_parties_in_the_Hellenic_Parliament_by_election_year_and_electoral_system_%281910-2015%29.svg/330px-Number_of_political_parties_in_the_Hellenic_Parliament_by_election_year_and_electoral_system_%281910-2015%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/26/Number_of_political_parties_in_the_Hellenic_Parliament_by_election_year_and_electoral_system_%281910-2015%29.svg/440px-Number_of_political_parties_in_the_Hellenic_Parliament_by_election_year_and_electoral_system_%281910-2015%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="763" data-file-height="531" /></a><figcaption>Political parties, and their number, are important aspects of representative systems. The number of political parties in the <a href="/wiki/Hellenic_Parliament" title="Hellenic Parliament">Hellenic Parliament</a> of <a href="/wiki/Greece" title="Greece">Greece</a> has varied across time.</figcaption></figure> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Political_parties"><a href="/wiki/Political_parties" class="mw-redirect" title="Political parties">Political parties</a></h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Outline_of_political_science&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Political parties"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Party_system" title="Party system">Party systems</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Nonpartisan_democracy" class="mw-redirect" title="Nonpartisan democracy">Nonpartisan democracy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/One-party_state" title="One-party state">One-party state</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dominant-party_system" title="Dominant-party system">Dominant-party system</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Two-party_system" title="Two-party system">Two-party system</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Multi-party_system" title="Multi-party system">Multi-party system</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Effective_number_of_parties" title="Effective number of parties">Effective number of parties</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Party_discipline" title="Party discipline">Party discipline</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Political_faction" title="Political faction">Political factions</a></li></ul></li> <li>Party <a href="/wiki/Coalition_government" title="Coalition government">coalition governments</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Hung_parliament" title="Hung parliament">Hung parliament</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Confidence_and_supply" title="Confidence and supply">Confidence and supply</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Minority_government" title="Minority government">Minority government</a></li> <li>Rainbow coalition</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Grand_coalition" title="Grand coalition">Grand coalition</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_unity_government" title="National unity government">National unity government</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Majority_government" title="Majority government">Majority government</a></li></ul></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Political_behavior">Political behavior</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Outline_of_political_science&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: Political behavior"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Theories_of_political_behaviour"><a href="/wiki/Theories_of_political_behaviour" class="mw-redirect" title="Theories of political behaviour">Theories of political behaviour</a></h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Outline_of_political_science&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: Theories of political behaviour"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1184024115"><div class="div-col"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Political_culture" title="Political culture">Political culture</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Civic_political_culture" title="Civic political culture">Civic political culture</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Parochial_political_culture" title="Parochial political culture">Parochial political culture</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Patrimonialism" title="Patrimonialism">Patrimonialism</a>, a political culture which sees no difference between personal and political power. <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Neopatrimonialism" title="Neopatrimonialism">Neopatrimonialism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prebendalism" title="Prebendalism">Prebendalism</a></li></ul></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peace_and_conflict_studies" title="Peace and conflict studies">Peace and conflict studies</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Aggressionism" title="Aggressionism">Aggressionism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Greed_versus_grievance" title="Greed versus grievance">Greed versus grievance</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Political_psychology" title="Political psychology">Political psychology</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Impressionable_years_hypothesis" title="Impressionable years hypothesis">Impressionable years hypothesis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Postmaterialism" title="Postmaterialism">Postmaterialism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Right-Wing_Authoritarianism" class="mw-redirect" title="Right-Wing Authoritarianism">Right-Wing Authoritarianism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Social_Dominance_Orientation" class="mw-redirect" title="Social Dominance Orientation">Social Dominance Orientation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/System_Justification_Theory" class="mw-redirect" title="System Justification Theory">System Justification Theory</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Political_strategy"><a href="/wiki/Political_strategy" class="mw-redirect" title="Political strategy">Political strategy</a></h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Outline_of_political_science&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: Political strategy"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1184024115"><div class="div-col"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Political_warfare" title="Political warfare">Political warfare</a></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Accelerationism" title="Accelerationism">Accelerationism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Political_campaign" title="Political campaign">Political campaigning</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Campaign_advertising" title="Campaign advertising">Campaign advertising</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Campaign_finance" title="Campaign finance">Campaign finance</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Campaign_management_tools" class="mw-redirect" title="Campaign management tools">Campaign management tools</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Canvassing" title="Canvassing">Canvassing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Grassroots_fundraising" title="Grassroots fundraising">Grassroots fundraising</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Smear_campaign" title="Smear campaign">Smear campaign</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Opposition_research" title="Opposition research">Opposition research</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Push_poll" title="Push poll">Push poll</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Retail_politics" title="Retail politics">Retail politics</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Power_politics" title="Power politics">Power politics</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Balance_of_power_(international_relations)" title="Balance of power (international relations)">Balance of power</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bandwagoning" title="Bandwagoning">Bandwagoning</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Blackmail" title="Blackmail">Blackmail</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brinkmanship" title="Brinkmanship">Brinkmanship</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Buck_passing" title="Buck passing">Buck passing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Coercion" title="Coercion">Coercion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hard_power" title="Hard power">Hard power</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sharp_power" title="Sharp power">Sharp power</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Soft_power" title="Soft power">Soft power</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Smart_power" title="Smart power">Smart power</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Power_projection" title="Power projection">Power projection</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Power_vacuum" title="Power vacuum">Power vacuum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Realpolitik" title="Realpolitik">Realpolitik</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cloward%E2%80%93Piven_strategy" title="Cloward–Piven strategy">Cloward–Piven strategy</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Starve_the_beast" title="Starve the beast">Starve the beast</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Propaganda" title="Propaganda">Propaganda</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Disinformation" title="Disinformation">Disinformation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fearmongering" title="Fearmongering">Fearmongering</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Frameup" title="Frameup">Framing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indoctrination" title="Indoctrination">Indoctrination</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Loaded_language" title="Loaded language">Loaded language</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lying_press" title="Lying press">Lying press</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_mythology" class="mw-redirect" title="National mythology">National mythology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rally_%27round_the_flag_effect" title="Rally 'round the flag effect">Rally 'round the flag effect</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Voting_behavior"><a href="/wiki/Voting_behavior" title="Voting behavior">Voting behavior</a></h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Outline_of_political_science&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: Voting behavior"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1184024115"><div class="div-col"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Abstention" title="Abstention">Abstention</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abstentionism" title="Abstentionism">Abstentionism</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Election_boycott" title="Election boycott">Election boycott</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Economic_voting" title="Economic voting">Economic voting</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Altruism_theory_of_voting" title="Altruism theory of voting">Altruism theory of voting</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Coattail_effect" title="Coattail effect">Coattail effect</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Split-ticket_voting" title="Split-ticket voting">Split-ticket voting</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Straight-ticket_voting" title="Straight-ticket voting">Straight-ticket voting</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tactical_voting" class="mw-redirect" title="Tactical voting">Tactical voting</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Vote_pairing" title="Vote pairing">Vote pairing</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paradox_of_voting" title="Paradox of voting">Paradox of voting</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Protest_vote" title="Protest vote">Protest vote</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Spoilt_vote" title="Spoilt vote">Spoilt vote</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Voter_apathy" class="mw-redirect" title="Voter apathy">Voter apathy</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Political_dysfunction">Political dysfunction</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Outline_of_political_science&action=edit&section=15" title="Edit section: Political dysfunction"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1184024115"><div class="div-col"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Political_warfare" title="Political warfare">Political conflict</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Civil_disobedience" title="Civil disobedience">Civil disobedience</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Boycott" title="Boycott">Boycott</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Demonstration_(protest)" class="mw-redirect" title="Demonstration (protest)">Demonstration</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nonviolence" title="Nonviolence">Nonviolence</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Picketing" title="Picketing">Picketing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Strike_action" title="Strike action">Strike action</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tax_resistance" title="Tax resistance">Tax resistance</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Civil_war" title="Civil war">Civil war</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Wars_of_national_liberation" title="Wars of national liberation">Wars of national liberation</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Insurgency" title="Insurgency">Insurgency</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Asymmetric_warfare" title="Asymmetric warfare">Asymmetric warfare</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Assassination" title="Assassination">Assassination</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Guerrilla_warfare" title="Guerrilla warfare">Guerrilla warfare</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Law_of_war" title="Law of war">Law of war</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/International_criminal_law" title="International criminal law">International criminal law</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Just_war_theory" title="Just war theory">Just war theory</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/War_crime" title="War crime">War crime</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Revolution" title="Revolution">Revolution</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bourgeois_revolution" title="Bourgeois revolution">Bourgeois revolution</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Communist_revolution" title="Communist revolution">Communist revolution</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Democratic_revolution" title="Democratic revolution">Democratic revolution</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nonviolent_revolution" title="Nonviolent revolution">Nonviolent revolution</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Social_revolution" title="Social revolution">Social revolution</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Political_revolution_(Trotskyism)" title="Political revolution (Trotskyism)">Political revolution (Trotskyism)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vanguardism" title="Vanguardism">Vanguardism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/World_revolution" title="World revolution">World revolution</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Terrorism" title="Terrorism">Terrorism</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Nationalist_terrorism" title="Nationalist terrorism">Nationalist-separatist terrorism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Propaganda_of_the_deed" title="Propaganda of the deed">Propaganda of the deed</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religious_terrorism" title="Religious terrorism">Religious extremist terrorism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Right-wing_terrorism" title="Right-wing terrorism">Right-wing terrorism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Left-wing_terrorism" title="Left-wing terrorism">Left-wing terrorism</a></li></ul></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Political_corruption" title="Political corruption">Political corruption</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bribery" title="Bribery">Bribery</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cronyism" title="Cronyism">Cronyism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Economics_of_corruption" title="Economics of corruption">Economics of corruption</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nepotism" title="Nepotism">Nepotism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Political_patronage" class="mw-redirect" title="Political patronage">Political patronage</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Clientelism" title="Clientelism">Clientelism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Earmark_(politics)" title="Earmark (politics)">Earmark</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Political_machine" title="Political machine">Political machine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pork_barrel" title="Pork barrel">Pork barrel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Slush_fund" title="Slush fund">Slush fund</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spoils_system" title="Spoils system">Spoils system</a></li></ul></li></ul></li></ul> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Types_of_polities_and_forms_of_government">Types of polities and forms of government</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Outline_of_political_science&action=edit&section=16" title="Edit section: Types of polities and forms of government"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/List_of_forms_of_government" title="List of forms of government">List of forms of government</a></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Polity" title="Polity">Polity</a></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="By_level_of_social_organisation">By level of social organisation</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Outline_of_political_science&action=edit&section=17" title="Edit section: By level of social organisation"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1184024115"><div class="div-col"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Traditional_authority" title="Traditional authority">Traditional authority</a>, political society which has not gone through <a href="/wiki/State_formation" title="State formation">state formation</a>. <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Band_society" title="Band society">Band society</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Big_man_(anthropology)" title="Big man (anthropology)">Big man</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chiefdom" title="Chiefdom">Chiefdom</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Empire" title="Empire">Empire</a> (before <a href="/wiki/New_Imperialism" title="New Imperialism">New Imperialism</a>).</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Local_government" title="Local government">Local government</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Unitary_state" title="Unitary state">Unitary state</a> (<a href="/wiki/Political_unitarism" title="Political unitarism">Unitarism</a>) <ul><li><a href="/wiki/City-state" title="City-state">City-state</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nation_state" title="Nation state">Nation state</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Federalism" title="Federalism">Federalism</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Confederation" title="Confederation">Confederation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Federation" title="Federation">Federation</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Regional_integration" title="Regional integration">Regional integration</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Intergovernmental_organization" class="mw-redirect" title="Intergovernmental organization">Intergovernmental organization</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Supranational_union" title="Supranational union">Supranational union</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/European_Union" title="European Union">European Union</a> (<a href="/wiki/European_studies" title="European studies">European studies</a>)</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trade_bloc" title="Trade bloc">Trade bloc</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Global_governance" title="Global governance">Global governance</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/World_state" class="mw-redirect" title="World state">World state</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="By_formal_power_structure">By formal power structure</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Outline_of_political_science&action=edit&section=18" title="Edit section: By formal power structure"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1184024115"><div class="div-col"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Feudalism" title="Feudalism">Feudalism</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Fengjian" title="Fengjian">Chinese feudalism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indian_feudalism" title="Indian feudalism">Indian feudalism</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Monarchy" title="Monarchy">Monarchy</a>/<a href="/wiki/Diarchy" title="Diarchy">Diarchy</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Absolute_monarchy" title="Absolute monarchy">Absolute monarchy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Constitutional_monarchy" title="Constitutional monarchy">Constitutional monarchy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elective_monarchy" title="Elective monarchy">Elective monarchy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Federal_monarchy" title="Federal monarchy">Federal monarchy</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Republic" title="Republic">Republic</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Parliamentary_system" title="Parliamentary system">Parliamentary system</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Westminster_system" title="Westminster system">Westminster system</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Presidential_system" title="Presidential system">Presidential system</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Semi-presidential_system" class="mw-redirect" title="Semi-presidential system">Semi-presidential system</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/President_for_life" title="President for life">President for life</a></li></ul></li></ul></li></ul> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="By_source_of_power">By source of power</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Outline_of_political_science&action=edit&section=19" title="Edit section: By source of power"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1184024115"><div class="div-col"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Autocracy" title="Autocracy">Autocracy</a>, the source of power is the leader.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Democracy" title="Democracy">Democracy</a>, the source of power are the people through <a href="/wiki/Popular_sovereignty" title="Popular sovereignty">popular sovereignty</a>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ethnocracy" title="Ethnocracy">Ethnocracy</a>, the source of power is <a href="/wiki/Ethnicity" title="Ethnicity">ethnicity</a>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Meritocracy" title="Meritocracy">Meritocracy</a>, the source of power is talent. <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Noocracy" title="Noocracy">Noocracy</a>, talent is measured by <a href="/wiki/Wisdom" title="Wisdom">wisdom</a>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Technocracy" title="Technocracy">Technocracy</a>, talent is measured by <a href="/wiki/Expertise" class="mw-redirect" title="Expertise">expertise</a>.</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stratocracy" title="Stratocracy">Stratocracy</a>, the source of power is the <a href="/wiki/Military" title="Military">military</a>. <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Military_dictatorship" title="Military dictatorship">Military dictatorship</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Military_junta" title="Military junta">Military junta</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Theocracy" title="Theocracy">Theocracy</a>, the source of power is <a href="/wiki/God" title="God">God</a>(s). <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Christian_republic" title="Christian republic">Christian republic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Halachic_state" title="Halachic state">Halachic state</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hindu_nation" class="mw-redirect" title="Hindu nation">Hindu nation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Islamic_state" title="Islamic state">Islamic state</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oligarchy" title="Oligarchy">Oligarchy</a>, the source of power is the <a href="/wiki/Elite" title="Elite">elite</a>. <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Aristocracy" title="Aristocracy">Aristocracy</a>, the elite are hereditary.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gerontocracy" title="Gerontocracy">Gerontocracy</a>, the elite are the <a href="/wiki/Elderly" class="mw-redirect" title="Elderly">elderly</a>.</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Plutocracy" title="Plutocracy">Plutocracy</a>, the source of power is <a href="/wiki/Wealth" title="Wealth">wealth</a>.</li></ul> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Political_ideologies_and_philosophies">Political ideologies and philosophies</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Outline_of_political_science&action=edit&section=20" title="Edit section: Political ideologies and philosophies"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1184024115"><div class="div-col"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/List_of_political_ideologies" title="List of political ideologies">List of political ideologies</a></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Authoritarianism" title="Authoritarianism">Authoritarianism</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Absolutism_(European_history)" title="Absolutism (European history)">Absolutism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Totalitarianism" title="Totalitarianism">Totalitarianism</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Left-wing_politics" title="Left-wing politics">Left-wing politics</a>, usually focused on increasing <a href="/wiki/Egalitarianism" title="Egalitarianism">egalitarianism</a>. <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Far-left_politics" title="Far-left politics">Far-left politics</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Anarchism" title="Anarchism">Anarchism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Communism" title="Communism">Communism</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Socialism" title="Socialism">Socialism</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Agrarian_socialism" title="Agrarian socialism">Agrarian socialism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Democratic_socialism" title="Democratic socialism">Democratic socialism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Liberal_socialism" title="Liberal socialism">Liberal socialism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Libertarian_socialism" title="Libertarian socialism">Libertarian socialism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religious_socialism" title="Religious socialism">Religious socialism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Social_democracy" title="Social democracy">Social democracy</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Centre-left_politics" title="Centre-left politics">Centre-left politics</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Gradualism#Politics_and_society" title="Gradualism">Gradualism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Progressivism" title="Progressivism">Progressivism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Reformism" title="Reformism">Reformism</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Green_politics" title="Green politics">Green politics</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Green_anarchism" title="Green anarchism">Green anarchism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ecofeminism" title="Ecofeminism">Ecofeminism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eco-socialism" title="Eco-socialism">Eco-socialism</a></li></ul></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Centrism" title="Centrism">Centrism</a>, usually defined by highly pragmatic politics. <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Radical_centrism" title="Radical centrism">Radical centrism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Syncretic_politics" title="Syncretic politics">Syncretic politics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Third_Position" title="Third Position">Third Position</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Third_Way" title="Third Way">Third Way</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Liberalism" title="Liberalism">Liberalism</a>, defined by high valuing of <a href="/wiki/Liberty" title="Liberty">liberty</a>. <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Classical_liberalism" title="Classical liberalism">Classical liberalism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Conservative_liberalism" title="Conservative liberalism">Conservative liberalism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Neoliberalism" title="Neoliberalism">Neoliberalism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Social_liberalism" title="Social liberalism">Social liberalism</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Right-libertarianism" title="Right-libertarianism">Right-libertarianism</a>, often defined as high valuation of <a href="/wiki/Private_property" title="Private property">private property</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Paleolibertarianism" title="Paleolibertarianism">Paleolibertarianism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Minarchism" class="mw-redirect" title="Minarchism">Minarchism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anarcho-capitalism" title="Anarcho-capitalism">Anarcho-capitalism</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Right-wing_politics" title="Right-wing politics">Right-wing politics</a>, often defined by opposition to social change, and a veneration of tradition. <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Centre-right_politics" title="Centre-right politics">Centre-right politics</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Christian_democracy" title="Christian democracy">Christian democracy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Compassionate_conservatism" title="Compassionate conservatism">Compassionate conservatism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Liberal_conservatism" title="Liberal conservatism">Liberal conservatism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/One-nation_conservatism" title="One-nation conservatism">One-nation conservatism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Progressive_conservatism" title="Progressive conservatism">Progressive conservatism</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Conservatism" title="Conservatism">Conservatism</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Fiscal_conservatism" title="Fiscal conservatism">Fiscal conservatism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fusionism" title="Fusionism">Fusionism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Libertarian_conservatism" title="Libertarian conservatism">Libertarian conservatism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_conservatism" title="National conservatism">National conservatism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Neoconservatism" title="Neoconservatism">Neoconservatism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paleoconservatism" title="Paleoconservatism">Paleoconservatism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Social_conservatism" title="Social conservatism">Social conservatism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Traditional_conservatism" class="mw-redirect" title="Traditional conservatism">Traditional conservatism</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Far-right_politics" title="Far-right politics">Far-right politics</a>, political ideas which are described as <a href="/wiki/Reactionary" title="Reactionary">reactionary</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ultranationalism" title="Ultranationalism">ultranationalist</a>, <a href="/wiki/Chauvinism" title="Chauvinism">chauvinistic</a>, <a href="/wiki/Xenophobia" title="Xenophobia">xenophobic</a> or <a href="/wiki/Racism" title="Racism">racist</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Alt-right" title="Alt-right">Alt-right</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fascism" title="Fascism">Fascism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nazism" title="Nazism">Nazism</a></li></ul></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Identity_politics" title="Identity politics">Identity politics</a>, political ideologies concerned with the interests of the members of a specific group. <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Black_power" title="Black power">Black power</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Feminism" title="Feminism">Feminism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gay_pride" class="mw-redirect" title="Gay pride">Gay pride</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indigenism" title="Indigenism">Indigenism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Islamism" title="Islamism">Islamism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nationalism" title="Nationalism">Nationalism</a>, based on the centrality of the <a href="/wiki/Nation" title="Nation">nation</a>. <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Civic_nationalism" title="Civic nationalism">Civic nationalism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ethnic_nationalism" title="Ethnic nationalism">Ethnic nationalism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Expansionist_nationalism" title="Expansionist nationalism">Expansionist nationalism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Irredentism" title="Irredentism">Irredentism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pan-nationalism" title="Pan-nationalism">Pan-nationalism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Racial_nationalism" title="Racial nationalism">Racial nationalism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Left-wing_nationalism" title="Left-wing nationalism">Left-wing nationalism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Liberal_nationalism" class="mw-redirect" title="Liberal nationalism">Liberal nationalism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Secessionism" class="mw-redirect" title="Secessionism">Secessionism</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zionism" title="Zionism">Zionism</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Governments_of_the_world">Governments of the world</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Outline_of_political_science&action=edit&section=21" title="Edit section: Governments of the world"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236075235">.mw-parser-output .navbox{box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #a2a9b1;width:100%;clear:both;font-size:88%;text-align:center;padding:1px;margin:1em auto 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbox{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox,.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox-styles+.navbox{margin-top:-1px}.mw-parser-output .navbox-inner,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup{width:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-title,.mw-parser-output .navbox-abovebelow{padding:0.25em 1em;line-height:1.5em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .navbox-group{white-space:nowrap;text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .navbox,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup{background-color:#fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-list{line-height:1.5em;border-color:#fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-list-with-group{text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid}.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-group,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-image,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-list{border-top:2px solid #fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title{background-color:#ccf}.mw-parser-output .navbox-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-title{background-color:#ddf}.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-abovebelow{background-color:#e6e6ff}.mw-parser-output .navbox-even{background-color:#f7f7f7}.mw-parser-output .navbox-odd{background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ul,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ul{padding:0.125em 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbar{display:block;font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title .navbar{float:left;text-align:left;margin-right:0.5em}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .navbox-image img{max-width:none!important}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .navbox{display:none!important}}</style></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Government_of_Africa" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Africa_topic" title="Template:Africa topic"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Africa_topic" title="Template talk:Africa topic"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Africa_topic" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Africa topic"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Government_of_Africa" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Government of Africa</div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Sovereign states</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist wraplinks" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Government_of_Algeria" class="mw-redirect" title="Government of Algeria">Algeria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Government_of_Angola" class="mw-redirect" title="Government of Angola">Angola</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Government_of_Benin" class="mw-redirect" title="Government of Benin">Benin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Government_of_Botswana" title="Government of Botswana">Botswana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Government_of_Burkina_Faso" class="mw-redirect" title="Government of Burkina Faso">Burkina Faso</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Government_of_Burundi" class="mw-redirect" title="Government of Burundi">Burundi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Government_of_Cameroon" title="Government of Cameroon">Cameroon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Government_of_Cape_Verde" class="mw-redirect" title="Government of Cape Verde">Cape Verde</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Government_of_the_Central_African_Republic" class="mw-redirect" title="Government of the Central African Republic">Central African Republic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Government_of_Chad" title="Government of Chad">Chad</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Government_of_the_Comoros&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Government of the Comoros (page does not exist)">Comoros</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Government_of_the_Democratic_Republic_of_the_Congo" title="Government of the Democratic Republic of the Congo">Democratic Republic of the Congo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Government_of_the_Republic_of_the_Congo" class="mw-redirect" title="Government of the Republic of the Congo">Republic of the Congo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Government_of_Djibouti" class="mw-redirect" title="Government of Djibouti">Djibouti</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Government_of_Egypt" class="mw-redirect" title="Government of Egypt">Egypt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Government_of_Equatorial_Guinea" class="mw-redirect" title="Government of Equatorial Guinea">Equatorial Guinea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Government_of_Eritrea" class="mw-redirect" title="Government of Eritrea">Eritrea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Government_of_Eswatini" title="Government of Eswatini">Eswatini</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Government_of_Ethiopia" title="Government of Ethiopia">Ethiopia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Government_of_Gabon" class="mw-redirect" title="Government of Gabon">Gabon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Government_of_the_Gambia" class="mw-redirect" title="Government of the Gambia">The Gambia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Government_of_Ghana" title="Government of Ghana">Ghana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Government_of_Guinea" class="mw-redirect" title="Government of Guinea">Guinea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Government_of_Guinea-Bissau" class="mw-redirect" title="Government of Guinea-Bissau">Guinea-Bissau</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Government_of_Ivory_Coast" class="mw-redirect" title="Government of Ivory Coast">Ivory Coast</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Government_of_Kenya" title="Government of Kenya">Kenya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Government_of_Lesotho" class="mw-redirect" title="Government of Lesotho">Lesotho</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Government_of_Liberia" class="mw-redirect" title="Government of Liberia">Liberia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Government_of_Libya" class="mw-redirect" title="Government of Libya">Libya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Government_of_Madagascar" class="mw-redirect" title="Government of Madagascar">Madagascar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Government_of_Malawi" class="mw-redirect" title="Government of Malawi">Malawi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Government_of_Mali" class="mw-redirect" title="Government of Mali">Mali</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Government_of_Mauritania" class="mw-redirect" title="Government of Mauritania">Mauritania</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Government_of_Mauritius" title="Government of Mauritius">Mauritius</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Government_of_Morocco" class="mw-redirect" title="Government of Morocco">Morocco</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Government_of_Mozambique" class="mw-redirect" title="Government of Mozambique">Mozambique</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Government_of_Namibia" title="Government of Namibia">Namibia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Government_of_Niger" title="Government of Niger">Niger</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Government_of_Nigeria" class="mw-redirect" title="Government of Nigeria">Nigeria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Government_of_Rwanda" class="mw-redirect" title="Government of Rwanda">Rwanda</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Government_of_S%C3%A3o_Tom%C3%A9_and_Pr%C3%ADncipe" title="Government of São Tomé and Príncipe">São Tomé and Príncipe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Government_of_Senegal" title="Government of Senegal">Senegal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Government_of_Seychelles" class="mw-redirect" title="Government of Seychelles">Seychelles</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Government_of_Sierra_Leone" title="Government of Sierra Leone">Sierra Leone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Government_of_Somalia" class="mw-redirect" title="Government of Somalia">Somalia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Government_of_South_Africa" title="Government of South Africa">South Africa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Government_of_South_Sudan" class="mw-redirect" title="Government of South Sudan">South Sudan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Government_of_Sudan" title="Government of Sudan">Sudan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Government_of_Tanzania" class="mw-redirect" title="Government of Tanzania">Tanzania</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Government_of_Togo" class="mw-redirect" title="Government of Togo">Togo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Government_of_Tunisia" class="mw-redirect" title="Government of Tunisia">Tunisia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Government_of_Uganda" class="mw-redirect" title="Government of Uganda">Uganda</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Government_of_Zambia" class="mw-redirect" title="Government of Zambia">Zambia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Government_of_Zimbabwe" class="mw-redirect" title="Government of Zimbabwe">Zimbabwe</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;">States with limited<br />recognition</div></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist wraplinks" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Government_of_the_Sahrawi_Arab_Democratic_Republic" class="mw-redirect" title="Government of the Sahrawi Arab Democratic Republic">Sahrawi Arab Democratic Republic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Government_of_Somaliland" title="Government of Somaliland">Somaliland</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;">Dependencies and<br />other territories</div></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist wraplinks" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Government_of_the_Canary_Islands" title="Government of the Canary Islands">Canary Islands</a> / <a href="/w/index.php?title=Government_of_Ceuta&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Government of Ceuta (page does not exist)">Ceuta</a> / <a href="/w/index.php?title=Government_of_Melilla&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Government of Melilla (page does not exist)">Melilla</a>  <span style="font-size:85%;">(Spain)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Government_of_Madeira" class="mw-redirect" title="Government of Madeira">Madeira</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(Portugal)</span></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Government_of_Mayotte&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Government of Mayotte (page does not exist)">Mayotte</a> / <a href="/w/index.php?title=Government_of_R%C3%A9union&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Government of Réunion (page does not exist)">Réunion</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(France)</span></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Government_of_Saint_Helena&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Government of Saint Helena (page does not exist)">Saint Helena</a> / <a href="/w/index.php?title=Government_of_Ascension_Island&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Government of Ascension Island (page does not exist)">Ascension Island</a> / <a href="/w/index.php?title=Government_of_Tristan_da_Cunha&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Government of Tristan da Cunha (page does not exist)">Tristan da Cunha</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(United Kingdom)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Government_of_Western_Sahara" class="mw-redirect" title="Government of Western Sahara">Western Sahara</a></li></ul> </div></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Government_of_North_America" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:North_America_topic" title="Template:North America topic"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:North_America_topic" title="Template talk:North America topic"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:North_America_topic" title="Special:EditPage/Template:North America topic"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Government_of_North_America" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Government of North America</div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Sovereign states</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Government_of_Antigua_and_Barbuda" title="Government of Antigua and Barbuda">Antigua and Barbuda</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Government_of_the_Bahamas" class="mw-redirect" title="Government of the Bahamas">Bahamas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Government_of_Barbados" title="Government of Barbados">Barbados</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Government_of_Belize" title="Government of Belize">Belize</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Government_of_Canada" title="Government of Canada">Canada</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Government_of_Costa_Rica" class="mw-redirect" title="Government of Costa Rica">Costa Rica</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Government_of_Cuba" class="mw-redirect" title="Government of Cuba">Cuba</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Government_of_Dominica" class="mw-redirect" title="Government of Dominica">Dominica</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Government_of_the_Dominican_Republic" class="mw-redirect" title="Government of the Dominican Republic">Dominican Republic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Government_of_El_Salvador" title="Government of El Salvador">El Salvador</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Government_of_Grenada" class="mw-redirect" title="Government of Grenada">Grenada</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Government_of_Guatemala" class="mw-redirect" title="Government of Guatemala">Guatemala</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Government_of_Haiti" title="Government of Haiti">Haiti</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Government_of_Honduras" class="mw-redirect" title="Government of Honduras">Honduras</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Government_of_Jamaica" class="mw-redirect" title="Government of Jamaica">Jamaica</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Government_of_Mexico" class="mw-redirect" title="Government of Mexico">Mexico</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Government_of_Nicaragua" title="Government of Nicaragua">Nicaragua</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Government_of_Panama" class="mw-redirect" title="Government of Panama">Panama</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Government_of_Saint_Kitts_and_Nevis" class="mw-redirect" title="Government of Saint Kitts and Nevis">Saint Kitts and Nevis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Government_of_Saint_Lucia" class="mw-redirect" title="Government of Saint Lucia">Saint Lucia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Government_of_Saint_Vincent_and_the_Grenadines" class="mw-redirect" title="Government of Saint Vincent and the Grenadines">Saint Vincent and the Grenadines</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Government_of_Trinidad_and_Tobago" class="mw-redirect" title="Government of Trinidad and Tobago">Trinidad and Tobago</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Government_of_the_United_States" class="mw-redirect" title="Government of the United States">United States</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;">Dependencies and<br />other territories</div></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Government_of_Anguilla" class="mw-redirect" title="Government of Anguilla">Anguilla</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Government_of_Aruba" class="mw-redirect" title="Government of Aruba">Aruba</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Government_of_Bermuda" class="mw-redirect" title="Government of Bermuda">Bermuda</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Government_of_Bonaire" class="mw-redirect" title="Government of Bonaire">Bonaire</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Government_of_the_British_Virgin_Islands" title="Government of the British Virgin Islands">British Virgin Islands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Government_of_the_Cayman_Islands" title="Government of the Cayman Islands">Cayman Islands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Government_of_Cura%C3%A7ao" title="Government of Curaçao">Curaçao</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Government_of_Greenland" class="mw-redirect" title="Government of Greenland">Greenland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Government_of_Guadeloupe" class="mw-redirect" title="Government of Guadeloupe">Guadeloupe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Government_of_Martinique" title="Government of Martinique">Martinique</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Government_of_Montserrat" class="mw-redirect" title="Government of Montserrat">Montserrat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Government_of_Puerto_Rico" title="Government of Puerto Rico">Puerto Rico</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Government_of_Saint_Barth%C3%A9lemy" class="mw-redirect" title="Government of Saint Barthélemy">Saint Barthélemy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Government_of_the_Collectivity_of_Saint_Martin" class="mw-redirect" title="Government of the Collectivity of Saint Martin">Saint Martin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Government_of_Saint_Pierre_and_Miquelon" class="mw-redirect" title="Government of Saint Pierre and Miquelon">Saint Pierre and Miquelon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Government_of_Saba_(island)" class="mw-redirect" title="Government of Saba (island)">Saba</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Government_of_Sint_Eustatius&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Government of Sint Eustatius (page does not exist)">Sint Eustatius</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Government_of_Sint_Maarten" class="mw-redirect" title="Government of Sint Maarten">Sint Maarten</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Government_of_the_Turks_and_Caicos_Islands" class="mw-redirect" title="Government of the Turks and Caicos Islands">Turks and Caicos Islands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Government_of_the_United_States_Virgin_Islands" class="mw-redirect" title="Government of the United States Virgin Islands">United States Virgin Islands</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Government_of_South_America" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:South_America_topic" title="Template:South America topic"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:South_America_topic" title="Template talk:South America topic"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:South_America_topic" title="Special:EditPage/Template:South America topic"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Government_of_South_America" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Government of South America</div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/List_of_sovereign_states" title="List of sovereign states">Sovereign states</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Government_of_Argentina" title="Government of Argentina">Argentina</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Government_of_Bolivia" class="mw-redirect" title="Government of Bolivia">Bolivia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Government_of_Brazil" class="mw-redirect" title="Government of Brazil">Brazil</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Government_of_Chile" class="mw-redirect" title="Government of Chile">Chile</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Government_of_Colombia" title="Government of Colombia">Colombia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Government_of_Ecuador" class="mw-redirect" title="Government of Ecuador">Ecuador</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Government_of_Guyana" class="mw-redirect" title="Government of Guyana">Guyana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Government_of_Paraguay" class="mw-redirect" title="Government of Paraguay">Paraguay</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Government_of_Peru" title="Government of Peru">Peru</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Government_of_Suriname" class="mw-redirect" title="Government of Suriname">Suriname</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Government_of_Uruguay" class="mw-redirect" title="Government of Uruguay">Uruguay</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Government_of_Venezuela" title="Government of Venezuela">Venezuela</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;"><a href="/wiki/Dependent_territory" title="Dependent territory">Dependencies</a> and<br />other territories</div></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Government_of_the_Falkland_Islands" class="mw-redirect" title="Government of the Falkland Islands">Falkland Islands</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Government_of_French_Guiana&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Government of French Guiana (page does not exist)">French Guiana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Government_of_South_Georgia_and_the_South_Sandwich_Islands" class="mw-redirect" title="Government of South Georgia and the South Sandwich Islands"><span style="white-space:normal;">South Georgia and the South Sandwich Islands</span></a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Government_of_Asia" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Asia_topic" title="Template:Asia topic"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Asia_topic" title="Template talk:Asia topic"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Asia_topic" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Asia topic"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Government_of_Asia" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Government of Asia</div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/List_of_sovereign_states" title="List of sovereign states">Sovereign states</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Government_of_Afghanistan" title="Government of Afghanistan">Afghanistan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Government_of_Armenia" title="Government of Armenia">Armenia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Government_of_Azerbaijan" class="mw-redirect" title="Government of Azerbaijan">Azerbaijan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Government_of_Bahrain" class="mw-redirect" title="Government of Bahrain">Bahrain</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Government_of_Bangladesh" title="Government of Bangladesh">Bangladesh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Government_of_Bhutan" class="mw-redirect" title="Government of Bhutan">Bhutan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Government_of_Brunei" title="Government of Brunei">Brunei</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Government_of_Cambodia" class="mw-redirect" title="Government of Cambodia">Cambodia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Government_of_China" title="Government of China">China</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Government_of_Cyprus" class="mw-redirect" title="Government of Cyprus">Cyprus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Government_of_East_Timor" class="mw-redirect" title="Government of East Timor">East Timor (Timor-Leste)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Government_of_Egypt" class="mw-redirect" title="Government of Egypt">Egypt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Government_of_Georgia_(country)" title="Government of Georgia (country)">Georgia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Government_of_India" title="Government of India">India</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Government_of_Indonesia" title="Government of Indonesia">Indonesia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Government_of_Iran" title="Government of Iran">Iran</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Government_of_Iraq" class="mw-redirect" title="Government of Iraq">Iraq</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Government_of_Israel" class="mw-redirect" title="Government of Israel">Israel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Government_of_Japan" title="Government of Japan">Japan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Government_of_Jordan" class="mw-redirect" title="Government of Jordan">Jordan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Government_of_Kazakhstan" title="Government of Kazakhstan">Kazakhstan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Government_of_North_Korea" title="Government of North Korea">North Korea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Government_of_South_Korea" title="Government of South Korea">South Korea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Government_of_Kuwait" title="Government of Kuwait">Kuwait</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Government_of_Kyrgyzstan" class="mw-redirect" title="Government of Kyrgyzstan">Kyrgyzstan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Government_of_Laos" class="mw-redirect" title="Government of Laos">Laos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Government_of_Lebanon" class="mw-redirect" title="Government of Lebanon">Lebanon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Government_of_Malaysia" title="Government of Malaysia">Malaysia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Government_of_the_Maldives" class="mw-redirect" title="Government of the Maldives">Maldives</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Government_of_Mongolia" title="Government of Mongolia">Mongolia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Government_of_Myanmar" class="mw-redirect" title="Government of Myanmar">Myanmar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Government_of_Nepal" title="Government of Nepal">Nepal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Government_of_Oman" class="mw-redirect" title="Government of Oman">Oman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Government_of_Pakistan" title="Government of Pakistan">Pakistan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Government_of_the_Philippines" title="Government of the Philippines">Philippines</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Government_of_Qatar" class="mw-redirect" title="Government of Qatar">Qatar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Government_of_Russia" title="Government of Russia">Russia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Government_of_Saudi_Arabia" class="mw-redirect" title="Government of Saudi Arabia">Saudi Arabia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Government_of_Singapore" title="Government of Singapore">Singapore</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Government_of_Sri_Lanka" title="Government of Sri Lanka">Sri Lanka</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Government_of_Syria" title="Government of Syria">Syria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Government_of_Tajikistan" class="mw-redirect" title="Government of Tajikistan">Tajikistan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Government_of_Thailand" title="Government of Thailand">Thailand</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Government_of_Turkey" title="Government of Turkey">Turkey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Government_of_Turkmenistan" class="mw-redirect" title="Government of Turkmenistan">Turkmenistan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Government_of_the_United_Arab_Emirates" class="mw-redirect" title="Government of the United Arab Emirates">United Arab Emirates</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Government_of_Uzbekistan" title="Government of Uzbekistan">Uzbekistan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Government_of_Vietnam" title="Government of Vietnam">Vietnam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Government_of_Yemen" class="mw-redirect" title="Government of Yemen">Yemen</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/List_of_states_with_limited_recognition" title="List of states with limited recognition">States with<br />limited recognition</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Government_of_Abkhazia" class="mw-redirect" title="Government of Abkhazia">Abkhazia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Government_of_Northern_Cyprus" class="mw-redirect" title="Government of Northern Cyprus">Northern Cyprus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Government_of_the_State_of_Palestine" class="mw-redirect" title="Government of the State of Palestine">Palestine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Government_of_South_Ossetia" title="Government of South Ossetia">South Ossetia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Government_of_the_Republic_of_China" title="Government of the Republic of China">Taiwan</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Dependent_territory" title="Dependent territory">Dependencies</a> and<br />other territories</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Government_of_the_British_Indian_Ocean_Territory" title="Government of the British Indian Ocean Territory">British Indian Ocean Territory</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Government_of_Christmas_Island" class="mw-redirect" title="Government of Christmas Island">Christmas Island</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Government_of_the_Cocos_(Keeling)_Islands" class="mw-redirect" title="Government of the Cocos (Keeling) Islands">Cocos (Keeling) Islands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Government_of_Hong_Kong" title="Government of Hong Kong">Hong Kong</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Government_of_Macau" title="Government of Macau">Macau</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow hlist" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Category"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/16px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/23px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/31px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Category:Asia" title="Category:Asia">Category</a></li> <li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Symbol_portal_class.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Portal"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/e/e2/Symbol_portal_class.svg/16px-Symbol_portal_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/e/e2/Symbol_portal_class.svg/23px-Symbol_portal_class.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/e/e2/Symbol_portal_class.svg/31px-Symbol_portal_class.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/Portal:Asia" title="Portal:Asia">Asia portal</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Government_in_Europe" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Government_of_Europe" title="Template:Government of Europe"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Government_of_Europe" title="Template talk:Government of Europe"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Government_of_Europe" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Government of Europe"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Government_in_Europe" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Government in Europe</div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Sovereign states</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Government_of_Albania" class="mw-redirect" title="Government of Albania">Albania</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Government_of_Andorra" class="mw-redirect" title="Government of Andorra">Andorra</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Government_of_Armenia" title="Government of Armenia">Armenia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Government_of_Austria" title="Government of Austria">Austria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Government_of_Azerbaijan" class="mw-redirect" title="Government of Azerbaijan">Azerbaijan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Government_of_Belarus" title="Government of Belarus">Belarus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Government_of_Belgium" class="mw-redirect" title="Government of Belgium">Belgium</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Government_of_Bosnia_and_Herzegovina" class="mw-redirect" title="Government of Bosnia and Herzegovina">Bosnia and Herzegovina</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Government_of_Bulgaria" title="Government of Bulgaria">Bulgaria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Government_of_Croatia" title="Government of Croatia">Croatia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Government_of_Cyprus" class="mw-redirect" title="Government of Cyprus">Cyprus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Government_of_the_Czech_Republic" title="Government of the Czech Republic">Czech Republic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Government_of_Denmark" class="mw-redirect" title="Government of Denmark">Denmark</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Government_of_Estonia" title="Government of Estonia">Estonia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Government_of_Finland" class="mw-redirect" title="Government of Finland">Finland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Political_system_of_France" class="mw-redirect" title="Political system of France">France</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Government_of_Georgia_(country)" title="Government of Georgia (country)">Georgia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Government_of_Germany" class="mw-redirect" title="Government of Germany">Germany</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Government_of_Greece" title="Government of Greece">Greece</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Government_of_Hungary" title="Government of Hungary">Hungary</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Government_of_Iceland" class="mw-redirect" title="Government of Iceland">Iceland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Government_of_the_Republic_of_Ireland" class="mw-redirect" title="Government of the Republic of Ireland">Ireland</a></li> <li class="mw-empty-elt"></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Government_of_Italy" title="Government of Italy">Italy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Government_of_Kazakhstan" title="Government of Kazakhstan">Kazakhstan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Government_of_Latvia" title="Government of Latvia">Latvia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Government_of_Liechtenstein" class="mw-redirect" title="Government of Liechtenstein">Liechtenstein</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Government_of_Lithuania" title="Government of Lithuania">Lithuania</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Government_of_Luxembourg" class="mw-redirect" title="Government of Luxembourg">Luxembourg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Government_of_Malta" title="Government of Malta">Malta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Government_of_Moldova" title="Government of Moldova">Moldova</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Government_of_Monaco" class="mw-redirect" title="Government of Monaco">Monaco</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Government_of_Montenegro" title="Government of Montenegro">Montenegro</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Government_of_the_Netherlands" class="mw-redirect" title="Government of the Netherlands">Netherlands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Government_of_North_Macedonia" class="mw-redirect" title="Government of North Macedonia">North Macedonia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Government_of_Norway" class="mw-redirect" title="Government of Norway">Norway</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Government_of_Poland" class="mw-redirect" title="Government of Poland">Poland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Government_of_Portugal" title="Government of Portugal">Portugal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Government_of_Romania" title="Government of Romania">Romania</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Government_of_Russia" title="Government of Russia">Russia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Government_of_San_Marino" class="mw-redirect" title="Government of San Marino">San Marino</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Government_of_Serbia" title="Government of Serbia">Serbia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Government_of_Slovakia" title="Government of Slovakia">Slovakia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Government_of_Slovenia" title="Government of Slovenia">Slovenia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Government_of_Spain" title="Government of Spain">Spain</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Government_of_Sweden" title="Government of Sweden">Sweden</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Government_of_Switzerland" class="mw-redirect" title="Government of Switzerland">Switzerland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Government_of_Turkey" title="Government of Turkey">Turkey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Government_of_Ukraine" title="Government of Ukraine">Ukraine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Government_of_the_United_Kingdom" title="Government of the United Kingdom">United Kingdom</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Government_of_Vatican_City" class="mw-redirect" title="Government of Vatican City">Vatican City</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">States with limited<br />recognition</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Government_of_Abkhazia" class="mw-redirect" title="Government of Abkhazia">Abkhazia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Government_of_Kosovo" title="Government of Kosovo">Kosovo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Government_of_Northern_Cyprus" class="mw-redirect" title="Government of Northern Cyprus">Northern Cyprus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Government_of_South_Ossetia" title="Government of South Ossetia">South Ossetia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Government_of_Transnistria" title="Government of Transnistria">Transnistria</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Dependencies and<br />other entities</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Government_of_%C3%85land" title="Government of Åland">Åland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Government_of_the_Faroe_Islands" class="mw-redirect" title="Government of the Faroe Islands">Faroe Islands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Government_of_Gibraltar" title="Government of Gibraltar">Gibraltar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Government_of_Guernsey" class="mw-redirect" title="Government of Guernsey">Guernsey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Government_of_the_Isle_of_Man" class="mw-redirect" title="Government of the Isle of Man">Isle of Man</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Government_of_Jersey" title="Government of Jersey">Jersey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Government_of_Svalbard" class="mw-redirect" title="Government of Svalbard">Svalbard</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other entities</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Government_of_the_European_Union" class="mw-redirect" title="Government of the European Union">European Union</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Government_of_Oceania" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Oceania_topic" title="Template:Oceania topic"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Oceania_topic" title="Template talk:Oceania topic"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Oceania_topic" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Oceania topic"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Government_of_Oceania" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Government of Oceania</div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Sovereign states</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Government_of_Australia" class="mw-redirect" title="Government of Australia">Australia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Government_of_the_Federated_States_of_Micronesia" class="mw-redirect" title="Government of the Federated States of Micronesia">Federated States of Micronesia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Government_of_Fiji" class="mw-redirect" title="Government of Fiji">Fiji</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Government_of_Kiribati" class="mw-redirect" title="Government of Kiribati">Kiribati</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Government_of_the_Marshall_Islands" title="Government of the Marshall Islands">Marshall Islands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Government_of_Nauru" class="mw-redirect" title="Government of Nauru">Nauru</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Government_of_New_Zealand" class="mw-redirect" title="Government of New Zealand">New Zealand</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Government_of_Palau" class="mw-redirect" title="Government of Palau">Palau</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Government_of_Papua_New_Guinea" class="mw-redirect" title="Government of Papua New Guinea">Papua New Guinea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Government_of_Samoa" class="mw-redirect" title="Government of Samoa">Samoa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Government_of_Solomon_Islands" class="mw-redirect" title="Government of Solomon Islands">Solomon Islands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Government_of_Tonga" class="mw-redirect" title="Government of Tonga">Tonga</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Government_of_Tuvalu" class="mw-redirect" title="Government of Tuvalu">Tuvalu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Government_of_Vanuatu" class="mw-redirect" title="Government of Vanuatu">Vanuatu</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Associated states<br />of New Zealand</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Government_of_the_Cook_Islands" class="mw-redirect" title="Government of the Cook Islands">Cook Islands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Government_of_Niue" class="mw-redirect" title="Government of Niue">Niue</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Dependencies<br />and other territories</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Government_of_American_Samoa" title="Government of American Samoa">American Samoa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Government_of_Christmas_Island" class="mw-redirect" title="Government of Christmas Island">Christmas Island</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Government_of_the_Cocos_(Keeling)_Islands" class="mw-redirect" title="Government of the Cocos (Keeling) Islands">Cocos (Keeling) Islands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Government_of_Easter_Island" class="mw-redirect" title="Government of Easter Island">Easter Island</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Government_of_French_Polynesia" class="mw-redirect" title="Government of French Polynesia">French Polynesia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Government_of_Guam" title="Government of Guam">Guam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Government_of_Hawaii" title="Government of Hawaii">Hawaii</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Government_of_New_Caledonia" class="mw-redirect" title="Government of New Caledonia">New Caledonia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Government_of_Norfolk_Island" class="mw-redirect" title="Government of Norfolk Island">Norfolk Island</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Government_of_the_Northern_Mariana_Islands" class="mw-redirect" title="Government of the Northern Mariana Islands">Northern Mariana Islands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Government_of_the_Pitcairn_Islands" class="mw-redirect" title="Government of the Pitcairn Islands">Pitcairn Islands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Government_of_Tokelau" class="mw-redirect" title="Government of Tokelau">Tokelau</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Government_of_Wallis_and_Futuna" class="mw-redirect" title="Government of Wallis and Futuna">Wallis and Futuna</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Political_issues_and_policies">Political issues and policies</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Outline_of_political_science&action=edit&section=22" title="Edit section: Political issues and policies"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Rights"><a href="/wiki/Rights" title="Rights">Rights</a></h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Outline_of_political_science&action=edit&section=23" title="Edit section: Rights"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1184024115"><div class="div-col"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Animal_rights" title="Animal rights">Animal rights</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Civil_and_political_rights" title="Civil and political rights">Civil and political rights</a>, usually related to topics of <a href="/wiki/Negative_liberty" title="Negative liberty">negative liberty</a>. <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Freedom_of_assembly" title="Freedom of assembly">Freedom of assembly</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Freedom_of_association" title="Freedom of association">Freedom of association</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Right_to_asylum" class="mw-redirect" title="Right to asylum">Right to asylum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Freedom_from_discrimination" title="Freedom from discrimination">Freedom from discrimination</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Freedom_of_education" title="Freedom of education">Freedom of education</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Freedom_of_information" title="Freedom of information">Freedom of information</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Freedom_of_movement" title="Freedom of movement">Freedom of movement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Freedom_of_speech" title="Freedom of speech">Freedom of speech</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Freedom_of_the_press" title="Freedom of the press">Freedom of the press</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Freedom_of_thought" title="Freedom of thought">Freedom of thought</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Right_to_petition" title="Right to petition">Right to petition</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Right_to_protest" title="Right to protest">Right to protest</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Right_to_property" title="Right to property">Right to property</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Freedom_of_religion" title="Freedom of religion">Freedom of religion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Right_to_life" title="Right to life">Right to life</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Economic,_social_and_cultural_rights" title="Economic, social and cultural rights">Economic, social and cultural rights</a>, usually cover issues of <a href="/wiki/Positive_liberty" title="Positive liberty">positive liberty</a>. <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Digital_rights" title="Digital rights">Digital rights</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Labor_rights" title="Labor rights">Labor rights</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Equal_pay_for_equal_work" title="Equal pay for equal work">Equal pay for equal work</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Right_to_an_adequate_standard_of_living" title="Right to an adequate standard of living">Right to an adequate standard of living</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Right_to_clothing" title="Right to clothing">Right to clothing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Right_to_development" title="Right to development">Right to development</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Right_to_education" title="Right to education">Right to education</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Right_to_food" title="Right to food">Right to food</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Right_to_health" title="Right to health">Right to health</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Right_to_housing" title="Right to housing">Right to housing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Right_to_Internet_access" title="Right to Internet access">Right to Internet access</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Right_to_science_and_culture" title="Right to science and culture">Right to science and culture</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Right_to_social_security" class="mw-redirect" title="Right to social security">Right to social security</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Right_to_water" class="mw-redirect" title="Right to water">Right to water</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Right_to_work" title="Right to work">Right to work</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/LGBT_rights_by_country_or_territory" class="mw-redirect" title="LGBT rights by country or territory">LGBT rights</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Minority_rights" title="Minority rights">Minority rights</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Affirmative_action" title="Affirmative action">Affirmative action</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Women%27s_rights" title="Women's rights">Women's rights</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Abortion_law" title="Abortion law">Abortion law</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Economic_policy"><a href="/wiki/Economic_policy" title="Economic policy">Economic policy</a></h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Outline_of_political_science&action=edit&section=24" title="Edit section: Economic policy"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1184024115"><div class="div-col"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Agricultural_policy" title="Agricultural policy">Agricultural policy</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Agricultural_subsidy" title="Agricultural subsidy">Agricultural subsidy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Land_reform" title="Land reform">Land reform</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Energy_policy" title="Energy policy">Energy policy</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Nuclear_energy_policy" title="Nuclear energy policy">Nuclear energy policy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Renewable_energy_policy" class="mw-redirect" title="Renewable energy policy">Renewable energy policy</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fiscal_policy" title="Fiscal policy">Fiscal policy</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Budgetary_policy" title="Budgetary policy">Budgetary policy</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Industrial_policy" title="Industrial policy">Industrial policy</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Import_substitution_industrialization" title="Import substitution industrialization">Import substitution industrialization</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Investment_policy" title="Investment policy">Investment policy</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Sovereign_wealth_fund" title="Sovereign wealth fund">Sovereign wealth fund</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Monetary_policy" title="Monetary policy">Monetary policy</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Capital_requirement" title="Capital requirement">Capital requirement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Central_bank" title="Central bank">Central bank</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Contractionary_monetary_policy" class="mw-redirect" title="Contractionary monetary policy">Contractionary monetary policy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Expansionary_monetary_policy" class="mw-redirect" title="Expansionary monetary policy">Expansionary monetary policy</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tax_policy" title="Tax policy">Tax policy</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Internet_taxation" class="mw-redirect" title="Internet taxation">Internet taxation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tax_cut" title="Tax cut">Tax cut</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tax_competition" title="Tax competition">Tax competition</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tax_holiday" title="Tax holiday">Tax holiday</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tax_reform" title="Tax reform">Tax reform</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Flat_tax" title="Flat tax">Flat tax</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tax_harmonization" title="Tax harmonization">Tax harmonization</a></li></ul></li></ul></li></ul> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Foreign_and_security_policy"><a href="/wiki/Foreign_policy" title="Foreign policy">Foreign</a> and <a href="/wiki/Security_policy" title="Security policy">security policy</a></h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Outline_of_political_science&action=edit&section=25" title="Edit section: Foreign and security policy"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1184024115"><div class="div-col"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Arms_control" title="Arms control">Arms control</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Nuclear_disarmament" title="Nuclear disarmament">Nuclear disarmament</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Nuclear-free_zone" title="Nuclear-free zone">Nuclear-free zone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nuclear_nonproliferation" class="mw-redirect" title="Nuclear nonproliferation">Nuclear nonproliferation</a></li></ul></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Criminal_justice" title="Criminal justice">Criminal justice</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Capital_punishment" title="Capital punishment">Capital punishment</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Life_imprisonment" title="Life imprisonment">Life imprisonment</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mandatory_sentencing" title="Mandatory sentencing">Mandatory sentencing</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Space_policy" title="Space policy">Space policy</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Extraterrestrial_real_estate" title="Extraterrestrial real estate">Extraterrestrial real estate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Militarization_of_space" class="mw-redirect" title="Militarization of space">Militarization of space</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Space_force" title="Space force">Space force</a></li></ul></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Counter-terrorism" class="mw-redirect" title="Counter-terrorism">Counter-terrorism</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Anti-terrorism_legislation" title="Anti-terrorism legislation">Anti-terrorism legislation</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/International_trade#Regulation_of_international_trade" title="International trade">International Trade</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Military_policy" title="Military policy">Military policy</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Military_recruitment" title="Military recruitment">Military recruitment</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Conscription" title="Conscription">Conscription</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Military-industrial_complex" class="mw-redirect" title="Military-industrial complex">Military-industrial complex</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Social_policy"><a href="/wiki/Social_policy" title="Social policy">Social policy</a></h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Outline_of_political_science&action=edit&section=26" title="Edit section: Social policy"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1184024115"><div class="div-col"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cultural_policy" title="Cultural policy">Cultural policy</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Arts_council" title="Arts council">Arts council</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Environmental_policy" title="Environmental policy">Environmental policy</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Politics_of_global_warming" class="mw-redirect" title="Politics of global warming">Climate change policy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fisheries_management" title="Fisheries management">Fisheries management</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Drug_policy" title="Drug policy">Drug policy</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Drug_decriminalization" class="mw-redirect" title="Drug decriminalization">Drug decriminalization</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Drug_policy_reform" class="mw-redirect" title="Drug policy reform">Drug policy reform</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Harm_reduction" title="Harm reduction">Harm reduction</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Legality_of_cannabis" title="Legality of cannabis">Legality of cannabis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Legal_status_of_cocaine" title="Legal status of cocaine">Legal status of cocaine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Legal_drinking_age" title="Legal drinking age">Legal drinking age</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Legal_status_of_methamphetamine" title="Legal status of methamphetamine">Legal status of methamphetamine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Legal_status_of_psilocybin_mushrooms" title="Legal status of psilocybin mushrooms">Legal status of psilocybin mushrooms</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Legal_status_of_Salvia_divinorum" title="Legal status of Salvia divinorum">Legal status of Salvia divinorum</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Education_policy" title="Education policy">Education policy</a> and <a href="/wiki/Education_reform" title="Education reform">reform</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Education_reform" title="Education reform">Education reform</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Immigration_law" title="Immigration law">Immigration law</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Family_reunification" title="Family reunification">Family reunification</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Immigration_equality" title="Immigration equality">Immigration equality</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_countries_that_regulate_the_immigration_of_felons" title="List of countries that regulate the immigration of felons">Immigration of felons</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Immigration_reform" title="Immigration reform">Immigration reform</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Open_border" title="Open border">Open border</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Permanent_residency" title="Permanent residency">Permanent residency</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Work_permit" title="Work permit">Work permit</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Race_relations" title="Race relations">Race relations</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Affirmative_action" title="Affirmative action">Affirmative action</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Institutional_racism" title="Institutional racism">Institutional racism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Racial_profiling" title="Racial profiling">Racial profiling</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/White_privilege" title="White privilege">White privilege</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_and_politics" class="mw-redirect" title="Religion and politics">Religion and politics</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Separation_of_church_and_state" title="Separation of church and state">Separation of church and state</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Health_policy" title="Health policy">Health policy</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Legality_of_euthanasia" title="Legality of euthanasia">Legality of euthanasia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stem_cell_controversy" title="Stem cell controversy">Stem cell controversy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Universal_healthcare" class="mw-redirect" title="Universal healthcare">Universal healthcare</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Health_care_reform" title="Health care reform">Health care reform</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Welfare_state" title="Welfare state">Welfare state</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Guaranteed_minimum_income" title="Guaranteed minimum income">Guaranteed minimum income</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Job_guarantee" title="Job guarantee">Job guarantee</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Welfare_reform" title="Welfare reform">Welfare reform</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Unemployment_benefits" title="Unemployment benefits">Unemployment benefits</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Universal_Basic_Income" class="mw-redirect" title="Universal Basic Income">Universal Basic Income</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Workfare" title="Workfare">Workfare</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Politics_by_continent"><span class="anchor" id="Politics_by_region"></span>Politics by continent</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Outline_of_political_science&action=edit&section=27" title="Edit section: Politics by continent"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Politics_of_Africa" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Africa_topic" title="Template:Africa topic"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Africa_topic" title="Template talk:Africa topic"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Africa_topic" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Africa topic"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Politics_of_Africa" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Politics_of_Africa" class="mw-redirect" title="Politics of Africa">Politics of Africa </a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Sovereign states</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist wraplinks" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Politics_of_Algeria" title="Politics of Algeria">Algeria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Politics_of_Angola" title="Politics of Angola">Angola</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Politics_of_Benin" title="Politics of Benin">Benin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Politics_of_Botswana" title="Politics of Botswana">Botswana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Politics_of_Burkina_Faso" title="Politics of Burkina Faso">Burkina Faso</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Politics_of_Burundi" title="Politics of Burundi">Burundi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Politics_of_Cameroon" title="Politics of Cameroon">Cameroon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Politics_of_Cape_Verde" title="Politics of Cape Verde">Cape Verde</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Politics_of_the_Central_African_Republic" title="Politics of the Central African Republic">Central African Republic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Politics_of_Chad" title="Politics of Chad">Chad</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Politics_of_the_Comoros" title="Politics of the Comoros">Comoros</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Politics_of_the_Democratic_Republic_of_the_Congo" title="Politics of the Democratic Republic of the Congo">Democratic Republic of the Congo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Politics_of_the_Republic_of_the_Congo" title="Politics of the Republic of the Congo">Republic of the Congo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Politics_of_Djibouti" title="Politics of Djibouti">Djibouti</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Politics_of_Egypt" title="Politics of Egypt">Egypt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Politics_of_Equatorial_Guinea" title="Politics of Equatorial Guinea">Equatorial Guinea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Politics_of_Eritrea" title="Politics of Eritrea">Eritrea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Politics_of_Eswatini" title="Politics of Eswatini">Eswatini</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Politics_of_Ethiopia" title="Politics of Ethiopia">Ethiopia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Politics_of_Gabon" title="Politics of Gabon">Gabon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Politics_of_the_Gambia" title="Politics of the Gambia">The Gambia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Politics_of_Ghana" title="Politics of Ghana">Ghana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Politics_of_Guinea" title="Politics of Guinea">Guinea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Politics_of_Guinea-Bissau" title="Politics of Guinea-Bissau">Guinea-Bissau</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Politics_of_Ivory_Coast" title="Politics of Ivory Coast">Ivory Coast</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Politics_of_Kenya" title="Politics of Kenya">Kenya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Politics_of_Lesotho" title="Politics of Lesotho">Lesotho</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Politics_of_Liberia" title="Politics of Liberia">Liberia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Politics_of_Libya" title="Politics of Libya">Libya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Politics_of_Madagascar" title="Politics of Madagascar">Madagascar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Politics_of_Malawi" title="Politics of Malawi">Malawi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Politics_of_Mali" title="Politics of Mali">Mali</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Politics_of_Mauritania" title="Politics of Mauritania">Mauritania</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Politics_of_Mauritius" title="Politics of Mauritius">Mauritius</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Politics_of_Morocco" title="Politics of Morocco">Morocco</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Politics_of_Mozambique" title="Politics of Mozambique">Mozambique</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Politics_of_Namibia" title="Politics of Namibia">Namibia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Politics_of_Niger" title="Politics of Niger">Niger</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Politics_of_Nigeria" title="Politics of Nigeria">Nigeria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Politics_of_Rwanda" title="Politics of Rwanda">Rwanda</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Politics_of_S%C3%A3o_Tom%C3%A9_and_Pr%C3%ADncipe" title="Politics of São Tomé and Príncipe">São Tomé and Príncipe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Politics_of_Senegal" title="Politics of Senegal">Senegal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Politics_of_Seychelles" title="Politics of Seychelles">Seychelles</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Politics_of_Sierra_Leone" title="Politics of Sierra Leone">Sierra Leone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Politics_of_Somalia" title="Politics of Somalia">Somalia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Politics_of_South_Africa" title="Politics of South Africa">South Africa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Politics_of_South_Sudan" title="Politics of South Sudan">South Sudan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Politics_of_Sudan" title="Politics of Sudan">Sudan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Politics_of_Tanzania" title="Politics of Tanzania">Tanzania</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Politics_of_Togo" title="Politics of Togo">Togo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Politics_of_Tunisia" title="Politics of Tunisia">Tunisia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Politics_of_Uganda" title="Politics of Uganda">Uganda</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Politics_of_Zambia" title="Politics of Zambia">Zambia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Politics_of_Zimbabwe" title="Politics of Zimbabwe">Zimbabwe</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;">States with limited<br />recognition</div></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist wraplinks" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Politics_of_the_Sahrawi_Arab_Democratic_Republic" title="Politics of the Sahrawi Arab Democratic Republic">Sahrawi Arab Democratic Republic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Politics_of_Somaliland" title="Politics of Somaliland">Somaliland</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;">Dependencies and<br />other territories</div></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist wraplinks" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Politics_of_the_Canary_Islands" class="mw-redirect" title="Politics of the Canary Islands">Canary Islands</a> / <a href="/wiki/Politics_of_Ceuta" class="mw-redirect" title="Politics of Ceuta">Ceuta</a> / <a href="/wiki/Politics_of_Melilla" class="mw-redirect" title="Politics of Melilla">Melilla</a>  <span style="font-size:85%;">(Spain)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Politics_of_Madeira" title="Politics of Madeira">Madeira</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(Portugal)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Politics_of_Mayotte" title="Politics of Mayotte">Mayotte</a> / <a href="/wiki/Politics_of_R%C3%A9union" title="Politics of Réunion">Réunion</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(France)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Politics_of_Saint_Helena" title="Politics of Saint Helena">Saint Helena</a> / <a href="/wiki/Politics_of_Ascension_Island" class="mw-redirect" title="Politics of Ascension Island">Ascension Island</a> / <a href="/wiki/Politics_of_Tristan_da_Cunha" class="mw-redirect" title="Politics of Tristan da Cunha">Tristan da Cunha</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(United Kingdom)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Politics_of_Western_Sahara" title="Politics of Western Sahara">Western Sahara</a></li></ul> </div></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Politics_of_Asia" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Asia_topic" title="Template:Asia topic"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Asia_topic" title="Template talk:Asia topic"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Asia_topic" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Asia topic"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Politics_of_Asia" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Politics_of_Asia" title="Politics of Asia">Politics of Asia </a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/List_of_sovereign_states" title="List of sovereign states">Sovereign states</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Politics_of_Afghanistan" title="Politics of Afghanistan">Afghanistan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Politics_of_Armenia" title="Politics of Armenia">Armenia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Politics_of_Azerbaijan" title="Politics of Azerbaijan">Azerbaijan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Politics_of_Bahrain" title="Politics of Bahrain">Bahrain</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Politics_of_Bangladesh" title="Politics of Bangladesh">Bangladesh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Politics_of_Bhutan" title="Politics of Bhutan">Bhutan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Politics_of_Brunei" title="Politics of Brunei">Brunei</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Politics_of_Cambodia" title="Politics of Cambodia">Cambodia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Politics_of_China" title="Politics of China">China</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Politics_of_Cyprus" title="Politics of Cyprus">Cyprus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Politics_of_East_Timor" title="Politics of East Timor">East Timor (Timor-Leste)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Politics_of_Egypt" title="Politics of Egypt">Egypt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Politics_of_Georgia_(country)" title="Politics of Georgia (country)">Georgia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Politics_of_India" title="Politics of India">India</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Politics_of_Indonesia" title="Politics of Indonesia">Indonesia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Politics_of_Iran" title="Politics of Iran">Iran</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Politics_of_Iraq" title="Politics of Iraq">Iraq</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Politics_of_Israel" title="Politics of Israel">Israel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Politics_of_Japan" title="Politics of Japan">Japan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Politics_of_Jordan" title="Politics of Jordan">Jordan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Politics_of_Kazakhstan" title="Politics of Kazakhstan">Kazakhstan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Politics_of_North_Korea" title="Politics of North Korea">North Korea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Politics_of_South_Korea" title="Politics of South Korea">South Korea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Politics_of_Kuwait" title="Politics of Kuwait">Kuwait</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Politics_of_Kyrgyzstan" title="Politics of Kyrgyzstan">Kyrgyzstan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Politics_of_Laos" title="Politics of Laos">Laos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Politics_of_Lebanon" title="Politics of Lebanon">Lebanon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Politics_of_Malaysia" title="Politics of Malaysia">Malaysia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Politics_of_the_Maldives" title="Politics of the Maldives">Maldives</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Politics_of_Mongolia" title="Politics of Mongolia">Mongolia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Politics_of_Myanmar" title="Politics of Myanmar">Myanmar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Politics_of_Nepal" title="Politics of Nepal">Nepal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Politics_of_Oman" title="Politics of Oman">Oman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Politics_of_Pakistan" title="Politics of Pakistan">Pakistan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Politics_of_the_Philippines" title="Politics of the Philippines">Philippines</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Politics_of_Qatar" title="Politics of Qatar">Qatar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Politics_of_Russia" title="Politics of Russia">Russia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Politics_of_Saudi_Arabia" title="Politics of Saudi Arabia">Saudi Arabia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Politics_of_Singapore" title="Politics of Singapore">Singapore</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Politics_of_Sri_Lanka" title="Politics of Sri Lanka">Sri Lanka</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Politics_of_Syria" title="Politics of Syria">Syria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Politics_of_Tajikistan" title="Politics of Tajikistan">Tajikistan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Politics_of_Thailand" title="Politics of Thailand">Thailand</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Politics_of_Turkey" title="Politics of Turkey">Turkey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Politics_of_Turkmenistan" title="Politics of Turkmenistan">Turkmenistan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Politics_of_the_United_Arab_Emirates" title="Politics of the United Arab Emirates">United Arab Emirates</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Politics_of_Uzbekistan" title="Politics of Uzbekistan">Uzbekistan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Politics_of_Vietnam" title="Politics of Vietnam">Vietnam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Politics_of_Yemen" title="Politics of Yemen">Yemen</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/List_of_states_with_limited_recognition" title="List of states with limited recognition">States with<br />limited recognition</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Politics_of_Abkhazia" title="Politics of Abkhazia">Abkhazia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Politics_of_Northern_Cyprus" title="Politics of Northern Cyprus">Northern Cyprus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Politics_of_the_State_of_Palestine" class="mw-redirect" title="Politics of the State of Palestine">Palestine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Politics_of_South_Ossetia" class="mw-redirect" title="Politics of South Ossetia">South Ossetia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Politics_of_Taiwan" title="Politics of Taiwan">Taiwan</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Dependent_territory" title="Dependent territory">Dependencies</a> and<br />other territories</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Politics_of_the_British_Indian_Ocean_Territory" class="mw-redirect" title="Politics of the British Indian Ocean Territory">British Indian Ocean Territory</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Politics_of_Christmas_Island" class="mw-redirect" title="Politics of Christmas Island">Christmas Island</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Politics_of_the_Cocos_(Keeling)_Islands" class="mw-redirect" title="Politics of the Cocos (Keeling) Islands">Cocos (Keeling) Islands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Politics_of_Hong_Kong" title="Politics of Hong Kong">Hong Kong</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Politics_of_Macau" title="Politics of Macau">Macau</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow hlist" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Category"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/16px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/23px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/31px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Category:Asia" title="Category:Asia">Category</a></li> <li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Symbol_portal_class.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Portal"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/e/e2/Symbol_portal_class.svg/16px-Symbol_portal_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/e/e2/Symbol_portal_class.svg/23px-Symbol_portal_class.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/e/e2/Symbol_portal_class.svg/31px-Symbol_portal_class.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/Portal:Asia" title="Portal:Asia">Asia portal</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Politics_of_Europe" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Politics_of_Europe" title="Template:Politics of Europe"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Politics_of_Europe" title="Template talk:Politics of Europe"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Politics_of_Europe" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Politics of Europe"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Politics_of_Europe" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Politics_of_Europe" title="Politics of Europe">Politics of Europe </a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Sovereign states</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Politics_of_Albania" title="Politics of Albania">Albania</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Politics_of_Andorra" title="Politics of Andorra">Andorra</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Politics_of_Armenia" title="Politics of Armenia">Armenia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Politics_of_Austria" title="Politics of Austria">Austria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Politics_of_Azerbaijan" title="Politics of Azerbaijan">Azerbaijan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Politics_of_Belarus" title="Politics of Belarus">Belarus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Politics_of_Belgium" title="Politics of Belgium">Belgium</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Politics_of_Bosnia_and_Herzegovina" title="Politics of Bosnia and Herzegovina">Bosnia and Herzegovina</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Politics_of_Bulgaria" title="Politics of Bulgaria">Bulgaria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Politics_of_Croatia" title="Politics of Croatia">Croatia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Politics_of_Cyprus" title="Politics of Cyprus">Cyprus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Politics_of_the_Czech_Republic" title="Politics of the Czech Republic">Czech Republic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Politics_of_Denmark" title="Politics of Denmark">Denmark</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Politics_of_Estonia" title="Politics of Estonia">Estonia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Politics_of_Finland" title="Politics of Finland">Finland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Politics_of_France" title="Politics of France">France</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Politics_of_Georgia_(country)" title="Politics of Georgia (country)">Georgia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Politics_of_Germany" title="Politics of Germany">Germany</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Politics_of_Greece" title="Politics of Greece">Greece</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Politics_of_Hungary" title="Politics of Hungary">Hungary</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Politics_of_Iceland" title="Politics of Iceland">Iceland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Politics_of_the_Republic_of_Ireland" title="Politics of the Republic of Ireland">Ireland</a></li> <li class="mw-empty-elt"></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Politics_of_Italy" title="Politics of Italy">Italy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Politics_of_Kazakhstan" title="Politics of Kazakhstan">Kazakhstan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Politics_of_Latvia" title="Politics of Latvia">Latvia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Politics_of_Liechtenstein" title="Politics of Liechtenstein">Liechtenstein</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Politics_of_Lithuania" title="Politics of Lithuania">Lithuania</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Politics_of_Luxembourg" title="Politics of Luxembourg">Luxembourg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Politics_of_Malta" title="Politics of Malta">Malta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Politics_of_Moldova" title="Politics of Moldova">Moldova</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Politics_of_Monaco" title="Politics of Monaco">Monaco</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Politics_of_Montenegro" title="Politics of Montenegro">Montenegro</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Politics_of_the_Netherlands" title="Politics of the Netherlands">Netherlands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Politics_of_North_Macedonia" title="Politics of North Macedonia">North Macedonia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Politics_of_Norway" title="Politics of Norway">Norway</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Politics_of_Poland" title="Politics of Poland">Poland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Politics_of_Portugal" title="Politics of Portugal">Portugal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Politics_of_Romania" title="Politics of Romania">Romania</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Politics_of_Russia" title="Politics of Russia">Russia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Politics_of_San_Marino" title="Politics of San Marino">San Marino</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Politics_of_Serbia" title="Politics of Serbia">Serbia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Politics_of_Slovakia" title="Politics of Slovakia">Slovakia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Politics_of_Slovenia" title="Politics of Slovenia">Slovenia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Politics_of_Spain" title="Politics of Spain">Spain</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Politics_of_Sweden" title="Politics of Sweden">Sweden</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Politics_of_Switzerland" title="Politics of Switzerland">Switzerland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Politics_of_Turkey" title="Politics of Turkey">Turkey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Politics_of_Ukraine" title="Politics of Ukraine">Ukraine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Politics_of_the_United_Kingdom" title="Politics of the United Kingdom">United Kingdom</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Politics_of_England" title="Politics of England">England</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Politics_of_Northern_Ireland" title="Politics of Northern Ireland">Northern Ireland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Politics_of_Scotland" title="Politics of Scotland">Scotland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Politics_of_Wales" title="Politics of Wales">Wales</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Politics_of_Vatican_City" title="Politics of Vatican City">Vatican City</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">States with limited<br />recognition</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Politics_of_Abkhazia" title="Politics of Abkhazia">Abkhazia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Politics_of_Kosovo" title="Politics of Kosovo">Kosovo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Politics_of_Northern_Cyprus" title="Politics of Northern Cyprus">Northern Cyprus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Politics_of_South_Ossetia" class="mw-redirect" title="Politics of South Ossetia">South Ossetia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Politics_of_Transnistria" title="Politics of Transnistria">Transnistria</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Dependencies and<br />other entities</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Politics_of_%C3%85land" title="Politics of Åland">Åland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Politics_of_the_Faroe_Islands" title="Politics of the Faroe Islands">Faroe Islands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Politics_of_Gibraltar" title="Politics of Gibraltar">Gibraltar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Politics_of_Guernsey" class="mw-redirect" title="Politics of Guernsey">Guernsey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Politics_of_the_Isle_of_Man" title="Politics of the Isle of Man">Isle of Man</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Politics_of_Jersey" title="Politics of Jersey">Jersey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Politics_of_Svalbard" title="Politics of Svalbard">Svalbard</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other entities</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Politics_of_the_European_Union" title="Politics of the European Union">European Union</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Politics_of_North_America" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:North_America_topic" title="Template:North America topic"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:North_America_topic" title="Template talk:North America topic"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:North_America_topic" title="Special:EditPage/Template:North America topic"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Politics_of_North_America" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Politics_of_North_America" class="mw-redirect" title="Politics of North America">Politics of North America </a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Sovereign states</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Politics_of_Antigua_and_Barbuda" title="Politics of Antigua and Barbuda">Antigua and Barbuda</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Politics_of_the_Bahamas" title="Politics of the Bahamas">Bahamas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Politics_of_Barbados" title="Politics of Barbados">Barbados</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Politics_of_Belize" title="Politics of Belize">Belize</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Politics_of_Canada" title="Politics of Canada">Canada</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Politics_of_Costa_Rica" title="Politics of Costa Rica">Costa Rica</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Politics_of_Cuba" title="Politics of Cuba">Cuba</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Politics_of_Dominica" title="Politics of Dominica">Dominica</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Politics_of_the_Dominican_Republic" title="Politics of the Dominican Republic">Dominican Republic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Politics_of_El_Salvador" title="Politics of El Salvador">El Salvador</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Politics_of_Grenada" title="Politics of Grenada">Grenada</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Politics_of_Guatemala" title="Politics of Guatemala">Guatemala</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Politics_of_Haiti" title="Politics of Haiti">Haiti</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Politics_of_Honduras" title="Politics of Honduras">Honduras</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Politics_of_Jamaica" title="Politics of Jamaica">Jamaica</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Politics_of_Mexico" title="Politics of Mexico">Mexico</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Politics_of_Nicaragua" title="Politics of Nicaragua">Nicaragua</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Politics_of_Panama" title="Politics of Panama">Panama</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Politics_of_Saint_Kitts_and_Nevis" title="Politics of Saint Kitts and Nevis">Saint Kitts and Nevis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Politics_of_Saint_Lucia" title="Politics of Saint Lucia">Saint Lucia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Politics_of_Saint_Vincent_and_the_Grenadines" title="Politics of Saint Vincent and the Grenadines">Saint Vincent and the Grenadines</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Politics_of_Trinidad_and_Tobago" title="Politics of Trinidad and Tobago">Trinidad and Tobago</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Politics_of_the_United_States" title="Politics of the United States">United States</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;">Dependencies and<br />other territories</div></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Politics_of_Anguilla" title="Politics of Anguilla">Anguilla</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Politics_of_Aruba" title="Politics of Aruba">Aruba</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Politics_of_Bermuda" title="Politics of Bermuda">Bermuda</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Politics_of_Bonaire" class="mw-redirect" title="Politics of Bonaire">Bonaire</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Politics_of_the_British_Virgin_Islands" title="Politics of the British Virgin Islands">British Virgin Islands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Politics_of_the_Cayman_Islands" title="Politics of the Cayman Islands">Cayman Islands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Politics_of_Cura%C3%A7ao" class="mw-redirect" title="Politics of Curaçao">Curaçao</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Politics_of_Greenland" title="Politics of Greenland">Greenland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Politics_of_Guadeloupe" class="mw-redirect" title="Politics of Guadeloupe">Guadeloupe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Politics_of_Martinique" class="mw-redirect" title="Politics of Martinique">Martinique</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Politics_of_Montserrat" title="Politics of Montserrat">Montserrat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Politics_of_Puerto_Rico" title="Politics of Puerto Rico">Puerto Rico</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Politics_of_Saint_Barth%C3%A9lemy" class="mw-redirect" title="Politics of Saint Barthélemy">Saint Barthélemy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Politics_of_the_Collectivity_of_Saint_Martin" title="Politics of the Collectivity of Saint Martin">Saint Martin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Politics_of_Saint_Pierre_and_Miquelon" title="Politics of Saint Pierre and Miquelon">Saint Pierre and Miquelon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Politics_of_Saba_(island)" class="mw-redirect" title="Politics of Saba (island)">Saba</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Politics_of_Sint_Eustatius" class="mw-redirect" title="Politics of Sint Eustatius">Sint Eustatius</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Politics_of_Sint_Maarten" title="Politics of Sint Maarten">Sint Maarten</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Politics_of_the_Turks_and_Caicos_Islands" title="Politics of the Turks and Caicos Islands">Turks and Caicos Islands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Politics_of_the_United_States_Virgin_Islands" title="Politics of the United States Virgin Islands">United States Virgin Islands</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Politics_of_Oceania" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Oceania_topic" title="Template:Oceania topic"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Oceania_topic" title="Template talk:Oceania topic"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Oceania_topic" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Oceania topic"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Politics_of_Oceania" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Politics_of_Oceania" class="mw-redirect" title="Politics of Oceania">Politics of Oceania </a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Sovereign states</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Politics_of_Australia" title="Politics of Australia">Australia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Politics_of_the_Federated_States_of_Micronesia" title="Politics of the Federated States of Micronesia">Federated States of Micronesia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Politics_of_Fiji" title="Politics of Fiji">Fiji</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Politics_of_Kiribati" title="Politics of Kiribati">Kiribati</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Politics_of_the_Marshall_Islands" class="mw-redirect" title="Politics of the Marshall Islands">Marshall Islands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Politics_of_Nauru" title="Politics of Nauru">Nauru</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Politics_of_New_Zealand" title="Politics of New Zealand">New Zealand</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Politics_of_Palau" title="Politics of Palau">Palau</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Politics_of_Papua_New_Guinea" title="Politics of Papua New Guinea">Papua New Guinea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Politics_of_Samoa" title="Politics of Samoa">Samoa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Politics_of_Solomon_Islands" title="Politics of Solomon Islands">Solomon Islands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Politics_of_Tonga" title="Politics of Tonga">Tonga</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Politics_of_Tuvalu" title="Politics of Tuvalu">Tuvalu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Politics_of_Vanuatu" title="Politics of Vanuatu">Vanuatu</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Associated states<br />of New Zealand</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Politics_of_the_Cook_Islands" title="Politics of the Cook Islands">Cook Islands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Politics_of_Niue" title="Politics of Niue">Niue</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Dependencies<br />and other territories</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Politics_of_American_Samoa" title="Politics of American Samoa">American Samoa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Politics_of_Christmas_Island" class="mw-redirect" title="Politics of Christmas Island">Christmas Island</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Politics_of_the_Cocos_(Keeling)_Islands" class="mw-redirect" title="Politics of the Cocos (Keeling) Islands">Cocos (Keeling) Islands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Politics_of_Easter_Island" class="mw-redirect" title="Politics of Easter Island">Easter Island</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Politics_of_French_Polynesia" title="Politics of French Polynesia">French Polynesia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Politics_of_Guam" title="Politics of Guam">Guam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Politics_of_Hawaii" title="Politics of Hawaii">Hawaii</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Politics_of_New_Caledonia" title="Politics of New Caledonia">New Caledonia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Politics_of_Norfolk_Island" title="Politics of Norfolk Island">Norfolk Island</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Politics_of_the_Northern_Mariana_Islands" title="Politics of the Northern Mariana Islands">Northern Mariana Islands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Politics_of_the_Pitcairn_Islands" title="Politics of the Pitcairn Islands">Pitcairn Islands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Politics_of_Tokelau" title="Politics of Tokelau">Tokelau</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Politics_of_Wallis_and_Futuna" title="Politics of Wallis and Futuna">Wallis and Futuna</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Politics_of_South_America" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:South_America_topic" title="Template:South America topic"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:South_America_topic" title="Template talk:South America topic"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:South_America_topic" title="Special:EditPage/Template:South America topic"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Politics_of_South_America" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Politics_of_South_America" class="mw-redirect" title="Politics of South America">Politics of South America </a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/List_of_sovereign_states" title="List of sovereign states">Sovereign states</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Politics_of_Argentina" title="Politics of Argentina">Argentina</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Politics_of_Bolivia" title="Politics of Bolivia">Bolivia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Politics_of_Brazil" title="Politics of Brazil">Brazil</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Politics_of_Chile" title="Politics of Chile">Chile</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Politics_of_Colombia" title="Politics of Colombia">Colombia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Politics_of_Ecuador" title="Politics of Ecuador">Ecuador</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Politics_of_Guyana" title="Politics of Guyana">Guyana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Politics_of_Paraguay" title="Politics of Paraguay">Paraguay</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Politics_of_Peru" title="Politics of Peru">Peru</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Politics_of_Suriname" title="Politics of Suriname">Suriname</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Politics_of_Uruguay" title="Politics of Uruguay">Uruguay</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Politics_of_Venezuela" title="Politics of Venezuela">Venezuela</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;"><a href="/wiki/Dependent_territory" title="Dependent territory">Dependencies</a> and<br />other territories</div></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Politics_of_the_Falkland_Islands" title="Politics of the Falkland Islands">Falkland Islands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Politics_of_French_Guiana" title="Politics of French Guiana">French Guiana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Politics_of_South_Georgia_and_the_South_Sandwich_Islands" class="mw-redirect" title="Politics of South Georgia and the South Sandwich Islands"><span style="white-space:normal;">South Georgia and the South Sandwich Islands</span></a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Foreign_relations_by_continents">Foreign relations by continents</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Outline_of_political_science&action=edit&section=28" title="Edit section: Foreign relations by continents"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Foreign_relations_of_Africa" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Africa_topic" title="Template:Africa topic"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Africa_topic" title="Template talk:Africa topic"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Africa_topic" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Africa topic"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Foreign_relations_of_Africa" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Foreign relations of Africa</div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Sovereign states</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist wraplinks" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Foreign_relations_of_Algeria" title="Foreign relations of Algeria">Algeria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Foreign_relations_of_Angola" title="Foreign relations of Angola">Angola</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Foreign_relations_of_Benin" title="Foreign relations of Benin">Benin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Foreign_relations_of_Botswana" title="Foreign relations of Botswana">Botswana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Foreign_relations_of_Burkina_Faso" title="Foreign relations of Burkina Faso">Burkina Faso</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Foreign_relations_of_Burundi" title="Foreign relations of Burundi">Burundi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Foreign_relations_of_Cameroon" title="Foreign relations of Cameroon">Cameroon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Foreign_relations_of_Cape_Verde" title="Foreign relations of Cape Verde">Cape Verde</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Foreign_relations_of_the_Central_African_Republic" title="Foreign relations of the Central African Republic">Central African Republic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Foreign_relations_of_Chad" title="Foreign relations of Chad">Chad</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Foreign_relations_of_the_Comoros" title="Foreign relations of the Comoros">Comoros</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Foreign_relations_of_the_Democratic_Republic_of_the_Congo" title="Foreign relations of the Democratic Republic of the Congo">Democratic Republic of the Congo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Foreign_relations_of_the_Republic_of_the_Congo" title="Foreign relations of the Republic of the Congo">Republic of the Congo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Foreign_relations_of_Djibouti" title="Foreign relations of Djibouti">Djibouti</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Foreign_relations_of_Egypt" title="Foreign relations of Egypt">Egypt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Foreign_relations_of_Equatorial_Guinea" title="Foreign relations of Equatorial Guinea">Equatorial Guinea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Foreign_relations_of_Eritrea" title="Foreign relations of Eritrea">Eritrea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Foreign_relations_of_Eswatini" title="Foreign relations of Eswatini">Eswatini</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Foreign_relations_of_Ethiopia" title="Foreign relations of Ethiopia">Ethiopia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Foreign_relations_of_Gabon" title="Foreign relations of Gabon">Gabon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Foreign_relations_of_the_Gambia" title="Foreign relations of the Gambia">The Gambia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Foreign_relations_of_Ghana" title="Foreign relations of Ghana">Ghana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Foreign_relations_of_Guinea" title="Foreign relations of Guinea">Guinea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Foreign_relations_of_Guinea-Bissau" title="Foreign relations of Guinea-Bissau">Guinea-Bissau</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Foreign_relations_of_Ivory_Coast" title="Foreign relations of Ivory Coast">Ivory Coast</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Foreign_relations_of_Kenya" title="Foreign relations of Kenya">Kenya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Foreign_relations_of_Lesotho" title="Foreign relations of Lesotho">Lesotho</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Foreign_relations_of_Liberia" title="Foreign relations of Liberia">Liberia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Foreign_relations_of_Libya" title="Foreign relations of Libya">Libya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Foreign_relations_of_Madagascar" title="Foreign relations of Madagascar">Madagascar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Foreign_relations_of_Malawi" title="Foreign relations of Malawi">Malawi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Foreign_relations_of_Mali" title="Foreign relations of Mali">Mali</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Foreign_relations_of_Mauritania" title="Foreign relations of Mauritania">Mauritania</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Foreign_relations_of_Mauritius" title="Foreign relations of Mauritius">Mauritius</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Foreign_relations_of_Morocco" title="Foreign relations of Morocco">Morocco</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Foreign_relations_of_Mozambique" title="Foreign relations of Mozambique">Mozambique</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Foreign_relations_of_Namibia" title="Foreign relations of Namibia">Namibia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Foreign_relations_of_Niger" title="Foreign relations of Niger">Niger</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Foreign_relations_of_Nigeria" title="Foreign relations of Nigeria">Nigeria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Foreign_relations_of_Rwanda" title="Foreign relations of Rwanda">Rwanda</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Foreign_relations_of_S%C3%A3o_Tom%C3%A9_and_Pr%C3%ADncipe" title="Foreign relations of São Tomé and Príncipe">São Tomé and Príncipe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Foreign_relations_of_Senegal" title="Foreign relations of Senegal">Senegal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Foreign_relations_of_Seychelles" title="Foreign relations of Seychelles">Seychelles</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Foreign_relations_of_Sierra_Leone" title="Foreign relations of Sierra Leone">Sierra Leone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Foreign_relations_of_Somalia" title="Foreign relations of Somalia">Somalia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Foreign_relations_of_South_Africa" title="Foreign relations of South Africa">South Africa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Foreign_relations_of_South_Sudan" title="Foreign relations of South Sudan">South Sudan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Foreign_relations_of_Sudan" title="Foreign relations of Sudan">Sudan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Foreign_relations_of_Tanzania" title="Foreign relations of Tanzania">Tanzania</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Foreign_relations_of_Togo" title="Foreign relations of Togo">Togo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Foreign_relations_of_Tunisia" title="Foreign relations of Tunisia">Tunisia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Foreign_relations_of_Uganda" title="Foreign relations of Uganda">Uganda</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Foreign_relations_of_Zambia" title="Foreign relations of Zambia">Zambia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Foreign_relations_of_Zimbabwe" title="Foreign relations of Zimbabwe">Zimbabwe</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;">States with limited<br />recognition</div></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist wraplinks" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Foreign_relations_of_the_Sahrawi_Arab_Democratic_Republic" title="Foreign relations of the Sahrawi Arab Democratic Republic">Sahrawi Arab Democratic Republic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Foreign_relations_of_Somaliland" title="Foreign relations of Somaliland">Somaliland</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;">Dependencies and<br />other territories</div></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist wraplinks" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Foreign_relations_of_the_Canary_Islands" class="mw-redirect" title="Foreign relations of the Canary Islands">Canary Islands</a> / <a href="/wiki/Foreign_relations_of_Ceuta" class="mw-redirect" title="Foreign relations of Ceuta">Ceuta</a> / <a href="/wiki/Foreign_relations_of_Melilla" class="mw-redirect" title="Foreign relations of Melilla">Melilla</a>  <span style="font-size:85%;">(Spain)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Foreign_relations_of_Madeira" class="mw-redirect" title="Foreign relations of Madeira">Madeira</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(Portugal)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Foreign_relations_of_Mayotte" class="mw-redirect" title="Foreign relations of Mayotte">Mayotte</a> / <a href="/wiki/Foreign_relations_of_R%C3%A9union" class="mw-redirect" title="Foreign relations of Réunion">Réunion</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(France)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Foreign_relations_of_Saint_Helena" class="mw-redirect" title="Foreign relations of Saint Helena">Saint Helena</a> / <a href="/wiki/Foreign_relations_of_Ascension_Island" class="mw-redirect" title="Foreign relations of Ascension Island">Ascension Island</a> / <a href="/wiki/Foreign_relations_of_Tristan_da_Cunha" class="mw-redirect" title="Foreign relations of Tristan da Cunha">Tristan da Cunha</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(United Kingdom)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Foreign_relations_of_Western_Sahara" class="mw-redirect" title="Foreign relations of Western Sahara">Western Sahara</a></li></ul> </div></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Foreign_relations_of_Asia" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Asia_topic" title="Template:Asia topic"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Asia_topic" title="Template talk:Asia topic"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Asia_topic" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Asia topic"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Foreign_relations_of_Asia" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Foreign relations of Asia</div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/List_of_sovereign_states" title="List of sovereign states">Sovereign states</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Foreign_relations_of_Afghanistan" title="Foreign relations of Afghanistan">Afghanistan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Foreign_relations_of_Armenia" title="Foreign relations of Armenia">Armenia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Foreign_relations_of_Azerbaijan" title="Foreign relations of Azerbaijan">Azerbaijan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Foreign_relations_of_Bahrain" title="Foreign relations of Bahrain">Bahrain</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Foreign_relations_of_Bangladesh" title="Foreign relations of Bangladesh">Bangladesh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Foreign_relations_of_Bhutan" title="Foreign relations of Bhutan">Bhutan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Foreign_relations_of_Brunei" title="Foreign relations of Brunei">Brunei</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Foreign_relations_of_Cambodia" title="Foreign relations of Cambodia">Cambodia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Foreign_relations_of_China" title="Foreign relations of China">China</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Foreign_relations_of_Cyprus" title="Foreign relations of Cyprus">Cyprus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Foreign_relations_of_East_Timor" title="Foreign relations of East Timor">East Timor (Timor-Leste)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Foreign_relations_of_Egypt" title="Foreign relations of Egypt">Egypt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Foreign_relations_of_Georgia_(country)" class="mw-redirect" title="Foreign relations of Georgia (country)">Georgia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Foreign_relations_of_India" title="Foreign relations of India">India</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Foreign_relations_of_Indonesia" title="Foreign relations of Indonesia">Indonesia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Foreign_relations_of_Iran" title="Foreign relations of Iran">Iran</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Foreign_relations_of_Iraq" title="Foreign relations of Iraq">Iraq</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Foreign_relations_of_Israel" title="Foreign relations of Israel">Israel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Foreign_relations_of_Japan" title="Foreign relations of Japan">Japan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Foreign_relations_of_Jordan" title="Foreign relations of Jordan">Jordan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Foreign_relations_of_Kazakhstan" title="Foreign relations of Kazakhstan">Kazakhstan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Foreign_relations_of_North_Korea" title="Foreign relations of North Korea">North Korea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Foreign_relations_of_South_Korea" title="Foreign relations of South Korea">South Korea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Foreign_relations_of_Kuwait" title="Foreign relations of Kuwait">Kuwait</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Foreign_relations_of_Kyrgyzstan" title="Foreign relations of Kyrgyzstan">Kyrgyzstan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Foreign_relations_of_Laos" title="Foreign relations of Laos">Laos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Foreign_relations_of_Lebanon" title="Foreign relations of Lebanon">Lebanon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Foreign_relations_of_Malaysia" title="Foreign relations of Malaysia">Malaysia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Foreign_relations_of_the_Maldives" title="Foreign relations of the Maldives">Maldives</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Foreign_relations_of_Mongolia" title="Foreign relations of Mongolia">Mongolia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Foreign_relations_of_Myanmar" title="Foreign relations of Myanmar">Myanmar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Foreign_relations_of_Nepal" title="Foreign relations of Nepal">Nepal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Foreign_relations_of_Oman" title="Foreign relations of Oman">Oman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Foreign_relations_of_Pakistan" title="Foreign relations of Pakistan">Pakistan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Foreign_relations_of_the_Philippines" title="Foreign relations of the Philippines">Philippines</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Foreign_relations_of_Qatar" title="Foreign relations of Qatar">Qatar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Foreign_relations_of_Russia" title="Foreign relations of Russia">Russia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Foreign_relations_of_Saudi_Arabia" title="Foreign relations of Saudi Arabia">Saudi Arabia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Foreign_relations_of_Singapore" title="Foreign relations of Singapore">Singapore</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Foreign_relations_of_Sri_Lanka" title="Foreign relations of Sri Lanka">Sri Lanka</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Foreign_relations_of_Syria" title="Foreign relations of Syria">Syria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Foreign_relations_of_Tajikistan" title="Foreign relations of Tajikistan">Tajikistan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Foreign_relations_of_Thailand" title="Foreign relations of Thailand">Thailand</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Foreign_relations_of_Turkey" title="Foreign relations of Turkey">Turkey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Foreign_relations_of_Turkmenistan" title="Foreign relations of Turkmenistan">Turkmenistan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Foreign_relations_of_the_United_Arab_Emirates" title="Foreign relations of the United Arab Emirates">United Arab Emirates</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Foreign_relations_of_Uzbekistan" title="Foreign relations of Uzbekistan">Uzbekistan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Foreign_relations_of_Vietnam" title="Foreign relations of Vietnam">Vietnam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Foreign_relations_of_Yemen" title="Foreign relations of Yemen">Yemen</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/List_of_states_with_limited_recognition" title="List of states with limited recognition">States with<br />limited recognition</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Foreign_relations_of_Abkhazia" title="Foreign relations of Abkhazia">Abkhazia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Foreign_relations_of_Northern_Cyprus" title="Foreign relations of Northern Cyprus">Northern Cyprus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Foreign_relations_of_the_State_of_Palestine" title="Foreign relations of the State of Palestine">Palestine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Foreign_relations_of_South_Ossetia" title="Foreign relations of South Ossetia">South Ossetia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Foreign_relations_of_Taiwan" title="Foreign relations of Taiwan">Taiwan</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Dependent_territory" title="Dependent territory">Dependencies</a> and<br />other territories</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Foreign_relations_of_the_British_Indian_Ocean_Territory" class="mw-redirect" title="Foreign relations of the British Indian Ocean Territory">British Indian Ocean Territory</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Foreign_relations_of_Christmas_Island" class="mw-redirect" title="Foreign relations of Christmas Island">Christmas Island</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Foreign_relations_of_the_Cocos_(Keeling)_Islands" class="mw-redirect" title="Foreign relations of the Cocos (Keeling) Islands">Cocos (Keeling) Islands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Foreign_relations_of_Hong_Kong" title="Foreign relations of Hong Kong">Hong Kong</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Foreign_relations_of_Macau" title="Foreign relations of Macau">Macau</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow hlist" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Category"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/16px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/23px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/31px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Category:Asia" title="Category:Asia">Category</a></li> <li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Symbol_portal_class.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Portal"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/e/e2/Symbol_portal_class.svg/16px-Symbol_portal_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/e/e2/Symbol_portal_class.svg/23px-Symbol_portal_class.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/e/e2/Symbol_portal_class.svg/31px-Symbol_portal_class.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/Portal:Asia" title="Portal:Asia">Asia portal</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Foreign_relations_of_Europe" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Foreign_relations_of_Europe" title="Template:Foreign relations of Europe"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Foreign_relations_of_Europe" title="Template talk:Foreign relations of Europe"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Foreign_relations_of_Europe" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Foreign relations of Europe"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Foreign_relations_of_Europe" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Foreign relations of Europe</div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Sovereign states</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Foreign_relations_of_Albania" title="Foreign relations of Albania">Albania</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Foreign_relations_of_Andorra" title="Foreign relations of Andorra">Andorra</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Foreign_relations_of_Armenia" title="Foreign relations of Armenia">Armenia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Foreign_relations_of_Austria" title="Foreign relations of Austria">Austria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Foreign_relations_of_Azerbaijan" title="Foreign relations of Azerbaijan">Azerbaijan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Foreign_relations_of_Belarus" title="Foreign relations of Belarus">Belarus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Foreign_relations_of_Belgium" title="Foreign relations of Belgium">Belgium</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Foreign_relations_of_Bosnia_and_Herzegovina" title="Foreign relations of Bosnia and Herzegovina">Bosnia and Herzegovina</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Foreign_relations_of_Bulgaria" title="Foreign relations of Bulgaria">Bulgaria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Foreign_relations_of_Croatia" title="Foreign relations of Croatia">Croatia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Foreign_relations_of_Cyprus" title="Foreign relations of Cyprus">Cyprus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Foreign_relations_of_the_Czech_Republic" title="Foreign relations of the Czech Republic">Czech Republic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Foreign_relations_of_Denmark" title="Foreign relations of Denmark">Denmark</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Foreign_relations_of_Estonia" title="Foreign relations of Estonia">Estonia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Foreign_relations_of_Finland" title="Foreign relations of Finland">Finland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Foreign_relations_of_France" title="Foreign relations of France">France</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Foreign_relations_of_Georgia" title="Foreign relations of Georgia">Georgia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Foreign_relations_of_Germany" title="Foreign relations of Germany">Germany</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Foreign_relations_of_Greece" title="Foreign relations of Greece">Greece</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Foreign_relations_of_Hungary" title="Foreign relations of Hungary">Hungary</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Foreign_relations_of_Iceland" title="Foreign relations of Iceland">Iceland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Foreign_relations_of_the_Republic_of_Ireland" class="mw-redirect" title="Foreign relations of the Republic of Ireland">Ireland</a></li> <li class="mw-empty-elt"></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Foreign_relations_of_Italy" title="Foreign relations of Italy">Italy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Foreign_relations_of_Kazakhstan" title="Foreign relations of Kazakhstan">Kazakhstan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Foreign_relations_of_Latvia" title="Foreign relations of Latvia">Latvia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Foreign_relations_of_Liechtenstein" title="Foreign relations of Liechtenstein">Liechtenstein</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Foreign_relations_of_Lithuania" title="Foreign relations of Lithuania">Lithuania</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Foreign_relations_of_Luxembourg" title="Foreign relations of Luxembourg">Luxembourg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Foreign_relations_of_Malta" title="Foreign relations of Malta">Malta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Foreign_relations_of_Moldova" title="Foreign relations of Moldova">Moldova</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Foreign_relations_of_Monaco" title="Foreign relations of Monaco">Monaco</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Foreign_relations_of_Montenegro" title="Foreign relations of Montenegro">Montenegro</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Foreign_relations_of_the_Netherlands" title="Foreign relations of the Netherlands">Netherlands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Foreign_relations_of_North_Macedonia" title="Foreign relations of North Macedonia">North Macedonia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Foreign_relations_of_Norway" title="Foreign relations of Norway">Norway</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Foreign_relations_of_Poland" title="Foreign relations of Poland">Poland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Foreign_relations_of_Portugal" title="Foreign relations of Portugal">Portugal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Foreign_relations_of_Romania" title="Foreign relations of Romania">Romania</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Foreign_relations_of_Russia" title="Foreign relations of Russia">Russia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Foreign_relations_of_San_Marino" title="Foreign relations of San Marino">San Marino</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Foreign_relations_of_Serbia" title="Foreign relations of Serbia">Serbia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Foreign_relations_of_Slovakia" title="Foreign relations of Slovakia">Slovakia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Foreign_relations_of_Slovenia" title="Foreign relations of Slovenia">Slovenia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Foreign_relations_of_Spain" title="Foreign relations of Spain">Spain</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Foreign_relations_of_Sweden" title="Foreign relations of Sweden">Sweden</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Foreign_relations_of_Switzerland" title="Foreign relations of Switzerland">Switzerland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Foreign_relations_of_Turkey" title="Foreign relations of Turkey">Turkey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Foreign_relations_of_Ukraine" title="Foreign relations of Ukraine">Ukraine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Foreign_relations_of_the_United_Kingdom" title="Foreign relations of the United Kingdom">United Kingdom</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Foreign_relations_of_Vatican_City" class="mw-redirect" title="Foreign relations of Vatican City">Vatican City</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">States with limited<br />recognition</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Foreign_relations_of_Abkhazia" title="Foreign relations of Abkhazia">Abkhazia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Foreign_relations_of_Kosovo" title="Foreign relations of Kosovo">Kosovo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Foreign_relations_of_Northern_Cyprus" title="Foreign relations of Northern Cyprus">Northern Cyprus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Foreign_relations_of_South_Ossetia" title="Foreign relations of South Ossetia">South Ossetia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Foreign_relations_of_Transnistria" title="Foreign relations of Transnistria">Transnistria</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Dependencies and<br />other entities</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Foreign_relations_of_%C3%85land" class="mw-redirect" title="Foreign relations of Åland">Åland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Foreign_relations_of_the_Faroe_Islands" title="Foreign relations of the Faroe Islands">Faroe Islands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Foreign_relations_of_Gibraltar" class="mw-redirect" title="Foreign relations of Gibraltar">Gibraltar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Foreign_relations_of_Guernsey" class="mw-redirect" title="Foreign relations of Guernsey">Guernsey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Foreign_relations_of_the_Isle_of_Man" class="mw-redirect" title="Foreign relations of the Isle of Man">Isle of Man</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Foreign_relations_of_Jersey" class="mw-redirect" title="Foreign relations of Jersey">Jersey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Foreign_relations_of_Svalbard" class="mw-redirect" title="Foreign relations of Svalbard">Svalbard</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other entities</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Foreign_relations_of_the_European_Union" title="Foreign relations of the European Union">European Union</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Foreign_relations_of_the_Sovereign_Military_Order_of_Malta" title="Foreign relations of the Sovereign Military Order of Malta">Sovereign Military Order of Malta</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Foreign_relations_of_North_America" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:North_America_topic" title="Template:North America topic"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:North_America_topic" title="Template talk:North America topic"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:North_America_topic" title="Special:EditPage/Template:North America topic"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Foreign_relations_of_North_America" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Foreign relations of North America</div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Sovereign states</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Foreign_relations_of_Antigua_and_Barbuda" title="Foreign relations of Antigua and Barbuda">Antigua and Barbuda</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Foreign_relations_of_the_Bahamas" title="Foreign relations of the Bahamas">Bahamas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Foreign_relations_of_Barbados" title="Foreign relations of Barbados">Barbados</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Foreign_relations_of_Belize" title="Foreign relations of Belize">Belize</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Foreign_relations_of_Canada" title="Foreign relations of Canada">Canada</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Foreign_relations_of_Costa_Rica" title="Foreign relations of Costa Rica">Costa Rica</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Foreign_relations_of_Cuba" title="Foreign relations of Cuba">Cuba</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Foreign_relations_of_Dominica" title="Foreign relations of Dominica">Dominica</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Foreign_relations_of_the_Dominican_Republic" title="Foreign relations of the Dominican Republic">Dominican Republic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Foreign_relations_of_El_Salvador" title="Foreign relations of El Salvador">El Salvador</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Foreign_relations_of_Grenada" title="Foreign relations of Grenada">Grenada</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Foreign_relations_of_Guatemala" title="Foreign relations of Guatemala">Guatemala</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Foreign_relations_of_Haiti" title="Foreign relations of Haiti">Haiti</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Foreign_relations_of_Honduras" title="Foreign relations of Honduras">Honduras</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Foreign_relations_of_Jamaica" title="Foreign relations of Jamaica">Jamaica</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Foreign_relations_of_Mexico" title="Foreign relations of Mexico">Mexico</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Foreign_relations_of_Nicaragua" title="Foreign relations of Nicaragua">Nicaragua</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Foreign_relations_of_Panama" title="Foreign relations of Panama">Panama</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Foreign_relations_of_Saint_Kitts_and_Nevis" title="Foreign relations of Saint Kitts and Nevis">Saint Kitts and Nevis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Foreign_relations_of_Saint_Lucia" title="Foreign relations of Saint Lucia">Saint Lucia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Foreign_relations_of_Saint_Vincent_and_the_Grenadines" title="Foreign relations of Saint Vincent and the Grenadines">Saint Vincent and the Grenadines</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Foreign_relations_of_Trinidad_and_Tobago" title="Foreign relations of Trinidad and Tobago">Trinidad and Tobago</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Foreign_relations_of_the_United_States" title="Foreign relations of the United States">United States</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;">Dependencies and<br />other territories</div></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Foreign_relations_of_Anguilla" class="mw-redirect" title="Foreign relations of Anguilla">Anguilla</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Foreign_relations_of_Aruba&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Foreign relations of Aruba (page does not exist)">Aruba</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Foreign_relations_of_Bermuda" class="mw-redirect" title="Foreign relations of Bermuda">Bermuda</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Foreign_relations_of_Bonaire&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Foreign relations of Bonaire (page does not exist)">Bonaire</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Foreign_relations_of_the_British_Virgin_Islands" title="Foreign relations of the British Virgin Islands">British Virgin Islands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Foreign_relations_of_the_Cayman_Islands" title="Foreign relations of the Cayman Islands">Cayman Islands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Foreign_relations_of_Cura%C3%A7ao" title="Foreign relations of Curaçao">Curaçao</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Foreign_relations_of_Greenland" title="Foreign relations of Greenland">Greenland</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Foreign_relations_of_Guadeloupe&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Foreign relations of Guadeloupe (page does not exist)">Guadeloupe</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Foreign_relations_of_Martinique&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Foreign relations of Martinique (page does not exist)">Martinique</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Foreign_relations_of_Montserrat&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Foreign relations of Montserrat (page does not exist)">Montserrat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Foreign_relations_of_Puerto_Rico" class="mw-redirect" title="Foreign relations of Puerto Rico">Puerto Rico</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Foreign_relations_of_Saint_Barth%C3%A9lemy&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Foreign relations of Saint Barthélemy (page does not exist)">Saint Barthélemy</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Foreign_relations_of_the_Collectivity_of_Saint_Martin&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Foreign relations of the Collectivity of Saint Martin (page does not exist)">Saint Martin</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Foreign_relations_of_Saint_Pierre_and_Miquelon&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Foreign relations of Saint Pierre and Miquelon (page does not exist)">Saint Pierre and Miquelon</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Foreign_relations_of_Saba_(island)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Foreign relations of Saba (island) (page does not exist)">Saba</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Foreign_relations_of_Sint_Eustatius&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Foreign relations of Sint Eustatius (page does not exist)">Sint Eustatius</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Foreign_relations_of_Sint_Maarten&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Foreign relations of Sint Maarten (page does not exist)">Sint Maarten</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Foreign_relations_of_the_Turks_and_Caicos_Islands" class="mw-redirect" title="Foreign relations of the Turks and Caicos Islands">Turks and Caicos Islands</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Foreign_relations_of_the_United_States_Virgin_Islands&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Foreign relations of the United States Virgin Islands (page does not exist)">United States Virgin Islands</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Foreign_relations_of_Oceania" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Oceania_topic" title="Template:Oceania topic"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Oceania_topic" title="Template talk:Oceania topic"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Oceania_topic" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Oceania topic"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Foreign_relations_of_Oceania" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Foreign relations of Oceania</div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Sovereign states</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Foreign_relations_of_Australia" title="Foreign relations of Australia">Australia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Foreign_relations_of_the_Federated_States_of_Micronesia" title="Foreign relations of the Federated States of Micronesia">Federated States of Micronesia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Foreign_relations_of_Fiji" title="Foreign relations of Fiji">Fiji</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Foreign_relations_of_Kiribati" title="Foreign relations of Kiribati">Kiribati</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Foreign_relations_of_the_Marshall_Islands" title="Foreign relations of the Marshall Islands">Marshall Islands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Foreign_relations_of_Nauru" title="Foreign relations of Nauru">Nauru</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Foreign_relations_of_New_Zealand" title="Foreign relations of New Zealand">New Zealand</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Foreign_relations_of_Palau" title="Foreign relations of Palau">Palau</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Foreign_relations_of_Papua_New_Guinea" title="Foreign relations of Papua New Guinea">Papua New Guinea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Foreign_relations_of_Samoa" title="Foreign relations of Samoa">Samoa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Foreign_relations_of_Solomon_Islands" title="Foreign relations of Solomon Islands">Solomon Islands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Foreign_relations_of_Tonga" title="Foreign relations of Tonga">Tonga</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Foreign_relations_of_Tuvalu" title="Foreign relations of Tuvalu">Tuvalu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Foreign_relations_of_Vanuatu" title="Foreign relations of Vanuatu">Vanuatu</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Associated states<br />of New Zealand</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Foreign_relations_of_the_Cook_Islands" title="Foreign relations of the Cook Islands">Cook Islands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Foreign_relations_of_Niue" title="Foreign relations of Niue">Niue</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Dependencies<br />and other territories</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Foreign_relations_of_American_Samoa&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Foreign relations of American Samoa (page does not exist)">American Samoa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Foreign_relations_of_Christmas_Island" class="mw-redirect" title="Foreign relations of Christmas Island">Christmas Island</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Foreign_relations_of_the_Cocos_(Keeling)_Islands" class="mw-redirect" title="Foreign relations of the Cocos (Keeling) Islands">Cocos (Keeling) Islands</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Foreign_relations_of_Easter_Island&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Foreign relations of Easter Island (page does not exist)">Easter Island</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Foreign_relations_of_French_Polynesia&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Foreign relations of French Polynesia (page does not exist)">French Polynesia</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Foreign_relations_of_Guam&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Foreign relations of Guam (page does not exist)">Guam</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Foreign_relations_of_Hawaii&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Foreign relations of Hawaii (page does not exist)">Hawaii</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Foreign_relations_of_New_Caledonia" class="mw-redirect" title="Foreign relations of New Caledonia">New Caledonia</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Foreign_relations_of_Norfolk_Island&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Foreign relations of Norfolk Island (page does not exist)">Norfolk Island</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Foreign_relations_of_the_Northern_Mariana_Islands&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Foreign relations of the Northern Mariana Islands (page does not exist)">Northern Mariana Islands</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Foreign_relations_of_the_Pitcairn_Islands&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Foreign relations of the Pitcairn Islands (page does not exist)">Pitcairn Islands</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Foreign_relations_of_Tokelau&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Foreign relations of Tokelau (page does not exist)">Tokelau</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Foreign_relations_of_Wallis_and_Futuna&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Foreign relations of Wallis and Futuna (page does not exist)">Wallis and Futuna</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Foreign_relations_of_South_America" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:South_America_topic" title="Template:South America topic"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:South_America_topic" title="Template talk:South America topic"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:South_America_topic" title="Special:EditPage/Template:South America topic"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Foreign_relations_of_South_America" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Foreign relations of South America</div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/List_of_sovereign_states" title="List of sovereign states">Sovereign states</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Foreign_relations_of_Argentina" title="Foreign relations of Argentina">Argentina</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Foreign_relations_of_Bolivia" title="Foreign relations of Bolivia">Bolivia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Foreign_relations_of_Brazil" title="Foreign relations of Brazil">Brazil</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Foreign_relations_of_Chile" title="Foreign relations of Chile">Chile</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Foreign_relations_of_Colombia" title="Foreign relations of Colombia">Colombia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Foreign_relations_of_Ecuador" title="Foreign relations of Ecuador">Ecuador</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Foreign_relations_of_Guyana" title="Foreign relations of Guyana">Guyana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Foreign_relations_of_Paraguay" title="Foreign relations of Paraguay">Paraguay</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Foreign_relations_of_Peru" title="Foreign relations of Peru">Peru</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Foreign_relations_of_Suriname" title="Foreign relations of Suriname">Suriname</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Foreign_relations_of_Uruguay" title="Foreign relations of Uruguay">Uruguay</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Foreign_relations_of_Venezuela" title="Foreign relations of Venezuela">Venezuela</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;"><a href="/wiki/Dependent_territory" title="Dependent territory">Dependencies</a> and<br />other territories</div></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Foreign_relations_of_the_Falkland_Islands" class="mw-redirect" title="Foreign relations of the Falkland Islands">Falkland Islands</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Foreign_relations_of_French_Guiana&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Foreign relations of French Guiana (page does not exist)">French Guiana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Foreign_relations_of_South_Georgia_and_the_South_Sandwich_Islands" class="mw-redirect" title="Foreign relations of South Georgia and the South Sandwich Islands"><span style="white-space:normal;">South Georgia and the South Sandwich Islands</span></a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Political_parties_by_continent">Political parties by continent</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Outline_of_political_science&action=edit&section=29" title="Edit section: Political parties by continent"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="List_of_political_parties_in_Africa" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Africa_topic" title="Template:Africa topic"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Africa_topic" title="Template talk:Africa topic"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Africa_topic" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Africa topic"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="List_of_political_parties_in_Africa" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/List_of_political_parties_in_Africa" class="mw-redirect" title="List of political parties in Africa">List of political parties in Africa </a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Sovereign states</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist wraplinks" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_political_parties_in_Algeria" title="List of political parties in Algeria">Algeria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_political_parties_in_Angola" title="List of political parties in Angola">Angola</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_political_parties_in_Benin" title="List of political parties in Benin">Benin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_political_parties_in_Botswana" title="List of political parties in Botswana">Botswana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_political_parties_in_Burkina_Faso" title="List of political parties in Burkina Faso">Burkina Faso</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_political_parties_in_Burundi" title="List of political parties in Burundi">Burundi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_political_parties_in_Cameroon" title="List of political parties in Cameroon">Cameroon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_political_parties_in_Cape_Verde" title="List of political parties in Cape Verde">Cape Verde</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_political_parties_in_the_Central_African_Republic" title="List of political parties in the Central African Republic">Central African Republic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_political_parties_in_Chad" title="List of political parties in Chad">Chad</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_political_parties_in_the_Comoros" title="List of political parties in the Comoros">Comoros</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_political_parties_in_the_Democratic_Republic_of_the_Congo" title="List of political parties in the Democratic Republic of the Congo">Democratic Republic of the Congo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_political_parties_in_the_Republic_of_the_Congo" title="List of political parties in the Republic of the Congo">Republic of the Congo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_political_parties_in_Djibouti" title="List of political parties in Djibouti">Djibouti</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_political_parties_in_Egypt" title="List of political parties in Egypt">Egypt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_political_parties_in_Equatorial_Guinea" title="List of political parties in Equatorial Guinea">Equatorial Guinea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_political_parties_in_Eritrea" title="List of political parties in Eritrea">Eritrea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_political_parties_in_Eswatini" title="List of political parties in Eswatini">Eswatini</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_political_parties_in_Ethiopia" title="List of political parties in Ethiopia">Ethiopia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_political_parties_in_Gabon" title="List of political parties in Gabon">Gabon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_political_parties_in_the_Gambia" title="List of political parties in the Gambia">The Gambia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_political_parties_in_Ghana" title="List of political parties in Ghana">Ghana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_political_parties_in_Guinea" title="List of political parties in Guinea">Guinea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_political_parties_in_Guinea-Bissau" title="List of political parties in Guinea-Bissau">Guinea-Bissau</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_political_parties_in_Ivory_Coast" title="List of political parties in Ivory Coast">Ivory Coast</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_political_parties_in_Kenya" title="List of political parties in Kenya">Kenya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_political_parties_in_Lesotho" title="List of political parties in Lesotho">Lesotho</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_political_parties_in_Liberia" title="List of political parties in Liberia">Liberia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_political_parties_in_Libya" title="List of political parties in Libya">Libya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_political_parties_in_Madagascar" title="List of political parties in Madagascar">Madagascar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_political_parties_in_Malawi" title="List of political parties in Malawi">Malawi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_political_parties_in_Mali" title="List of political parties in Mali">Mali</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_political_parties_in_Mauritania" title="List of political parties in Mauritania">Mauritania</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_political_parties_in_Mauritius" title="List of political parties in Mauritius">Mauritius</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_political_parties_in_Morocco" title="List of political parties in Morocco">Morocco</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_political_parties_in_Mozambique" title="List of political parties in Mozambique">Mozambique</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_political_parties_in_Namibia" title="List of political parties in Namibia">Namibia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_political_parties_in_Niger" title="List of political parties in Niger">Niger</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_political_parties_in_Nigeria" title="List of political parties in Nigeria">Nigeria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_political_parties_in_Rwanda" title="List of political parties in Rwanda">Rwanda</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_political_parties_in_S%C3%A3o_Tom%C3%A9_and_Pr%C3%ADncipe" title="List of political parties in São Tomé and Príncipe">São Tomé and Príncipe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_political_parties_in_Senegal" title="List of political parties in Senegal">Senegal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_political_parties_in_Seychelles" title="List of political parties in Seychelles">Seychelles</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_political_parties_in_Sierra_Leone" title="List of political parties in Sierra Leone">Sierra Leone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_political_parties_in_Somalia" title="List of political parties in Somalia">Somalia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_political_parties_in_South_Africa" title="List of political parties in South Africa">South Africa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_political_parties_in_South_Sudan" title="List of political parties in South Sudan">South Sudan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_political_parties_in_Sudan" title="List of political parties in Sudan">Sudan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_political_parties_in_Tanzania" title="List of political parties in Tanzania">Tanzania</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_political_parties_in_Togo" title="List of political parties in Togo">Togo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_political_parties_in_Tunisia" title="List of political parties in Tunisia">Tunisia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_political_parties_in_Uganda" title="List of political parties in Uganda">Uganda</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_political_parties_in_Zambia" title="List of political parties in Zambia">Zambia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_political_parties_in_Zimbabwe" title="List of political parties in Zimbabwe">Zimbabwe</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;">States with limited<br />recognition</div></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist wraplinks" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_political_parties_in_the_Sahrawi_Arab_Democratic_Republic" class="mw-redirect" title="List of political parties in the Sahrawi Arab Democratic Republic">Sahrawi Arab Democratic Republic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_political_parties_in_Somaliland" title="List of political parties in Somaliland">Somaliland</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;">Dependencies and<br />other territories</div></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist wraplinks" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_political_parties_in_the_Canary_Islands" title="List of political parties in the Canary Islands">Canary Islands</a> / <a href="/wiki/List_of_political_parties_in_Ceuta" title="List of political parties in Ceuta">Ceuta</a> / <a href="/wiki/List_of_political_parties_in_Melilla" title="List of political parties in Melilla">Melilla</a>  <span style="font-size:85%;">(Spain)</span></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=List_of_political_parties_in_Madeira&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="List of political parties in Madeira (page does not exist)">Madeira</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(Portugal)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_political_parties_in_Mayotte" title="List of political parties in Mayotte">Mayotte</a> / <a href="/wiki/List_of_political_parties_in_R%C3%A9union" title="List of political parties in Réunion">Réunion</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(France)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_political_parties_in_Saint_Helena" class="mw-redirect" title="List of political parties in Saint Helena">Saint Helena</a> / <a href="/w/index.php?title=List_of_political_parties_in_Ascension_Island&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="List of political parties in Ascension Island (page does not exist)">Ascension Island</a> / <a href="/w/index.php?title=List_of_political_parties_in_Tristan_da_Cunha&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="List of political parties in Tristan da Cunha (page does not exist)">Tristan da Cunha</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(United Kingdom)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_political_parties_in_Western_Sahara" class="mw-redirect" title="List of political parties in Western Sahara">Western Sahara</a></li></ul> </div></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="List_of_political_parties_in_Asia" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Asia_topic" title="Template:Asia topic"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Asia_topic" title="Template talk:Asia topic"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Asia_topic" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Asia topic"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="List_of_political_parties_in_Asia" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/List_of_political_parties_in_Asia" class="mw-redirect" title="List of political parties in Asia">List of political parties in Asia </a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/List_of_sovereign_states" title="List of sovereign states">Sovereign states</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_political_parties_in_Afghanistan" title="List of political parties in Afghanistan">Afghanistan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_political_parties_in_Armenia" title="List of political parties in Armenia">Armenia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_political_parties_in_Azerbaijan" title="List of political parties in Azerbaijan">Azerbaijan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_political_parties_in_Bahrain" title="List of political parties in Bahrain">Bahrain</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_political_parties_in_Bangladesh" title="List of political parties in Bangladesh">Bangladesh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_political_parties_in_Bhutan" title="List of political parties in Bhutan">Bhutan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_political_parties_in_Brunei" class="mw-redirect" title="List of political parties in Brunei">Brunei</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_political_parties_in_Cambodia" title="List of political parties in Cambodia">Cambodia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_political_parties_in_China" title="List of political parties in China">China</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_political_parties_in_Cyprus" title="List of political parties in Cyprus">Cyprus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_political_parties_in_East_Timor" title="List of political parties in East Timor">East Timor (Timor-Leste)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_political_parties_in_Egypt" title="List of political parties in Egypt">Egypt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_political_parties_in_Georgia_(country)" title="List of political parties in Georgia (country)">Georgia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_political_parties_in_India" title="List of political parties in India">India</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_political_parties_in_Indonesia" title="List of political parties in Indonesia">Indonesia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_political_parties_in_Iran" title="List of political parties in Iran">Iran</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_political_parties_in_Iraq" title="List of political parties in Iraq">Iraq</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_political_parties_in_Israel" title="List of political parties in Israel">Israel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_political_parties_in_Japan" title="List of political parties in Japan">Japan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_political_parties_in_Jordan" title="List of political parties in Jordan">Jordan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_political_parties_in_Kazakhstan" title="List of political parties in Kazakhstan">Kazakhstan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_political_parties_in_North_Korea" title="List of political parties in North Korea">North Korea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_political_parties_in_South_Korea" title="List of political parties in South Korea">South Korea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_political_parties_in_Kuwait" title="List of political parties in Kuwait">Kuwait</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_political_parties_in_Kyrgyzstan" title="List of political parties in Kyrgyzstan">Kyrgyzstan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_political_parties_in_Laos" title="List of political parties in Laos">Laos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_political_parties_in_Lebanon" title="List of political parties in Lebanon">Lebanon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_political_parties_in_Malaysia" title="List of political parties in Malaysia">Malaysia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_political_parties_in_the_Maldives" title="List of political parties in the Maldives">Maldives</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_political_parties_in_Mongolia" title="List of political parties in Mongolia">Mongolia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_political_parties_in_Myanmar" title="List of political parties in Myanmar">Myanmar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_political_parties_in_Nepal" title="List of political parties in Nepal">Nepal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_political_parties_in_Oman" class="mw-redirect" title="List of political parties in Oman">Oman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_political_parties_in_Pakistan" title="List of political parties in Pakistan">Pakistan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_political_parties_in_the_Philippines" title="List of political parties in the Philippines">Philippines</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_political_parties_in_Qatar" class="mw-redirect" title="List of political parties in Qatar">Qatar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_political_parties_in_Russia" title="List of political parties in Russia">Russia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_political_parties_in_Saudi_Arabia" title="List of political parties in Saudi Arabia">Saudi Arabia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_political_parties_in_Singapore" title="List of political parties in Singapore">Singapore</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_political_parties_in_Sri_Lanka" title="List of political parties in Sri Lanka">Sri Lanka</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_political_parties_in_Syria" title="List of political parties in Syria">Syria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_political_parties_in_Tajikistan" title="List of political parties in Tajikistan">Tajikistan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_political_parties_in_Thailand" title="List of political parties in Thailand">Thailand</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_political_parties_in_Turkey" title="List of political parties in Turkey">Turkey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_political_parties_in_Turkmenistan" class="mw-redirect" title="List of political parties in Turkmenistan">Turkmenistan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_political_parties_in_the_United_Arab_Emirates" class="mw-redirect" title="List of political parties in the United Arab Emirates">United Arab Emirates</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_political_parties_in_Uzbekistan" title="List of political parties in Uzbekistan">Uzbekistan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_political_parties_in_Vietnam" title="List of political parties in Vietnam">Vietnam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_political_parties_in_Yemen" title="List of political parties in Yemen">Yemen</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/List_of_states_with_limited_recognition" title="List of states with limited recognition">States with<br />limited recognition</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_political_parties_in_Abkhazia" title="List of political parties in Abkhazia">Abkhazia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_political_parties_in_Northern_Cyprus" title="List of political parties in Northern Cyprus">Northern Cyprus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_political_parties_in_the_State_of_Palestine" title="List of political parties in the State of Palestine">Palestine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_political_parties_in_South_Ossetia" title="List of political parties in South Ossetia">South Ossetia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_political_parties_in_Taiwan" title="List of political parties in Taiwan">Taiwan</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Dependent_territory" title="Dependent territory">Dependencies</a> and<br />other territories</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=List_of_political_parties_in_the_British_Indian_Ocean_Territory&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="List of political parties in the British Indian Ocean Territory (page does not exist)">British Indian Ocean Territory</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_political_parties_in_Christmas_Island" class="mw-redirect" title="List of political parties in Christmas Island">Christmas Island</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_political_parties_in_the_Cocos_(Keeling)_Islands" class="mw-redirect" title="List of political parties in the Cocos (Keeling) Islands">Cocos (Keeling) Islands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_political_parties_in_Hong_Kong" title="List of political parties in Hong Kong">Hong Kong</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_political_parties_in_Macau" title="List of political parties in Macau">Macau</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow hlist" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Category"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/16px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/23px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/31px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Category:Asia" title="Category:Asia">Category</a></li> <li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Symbol_portal_class.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Portal"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/e/e2/Symbol_portal_class.svg/16px-Symbol_portal_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/e/e2/Symbol_portal_class.svg/23px-Symbol_portal_class.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/e/e2/Symbol_portal_class.svg/31px-Symbol_portal_class.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/Portal:Asia" title="Portal:Asia">Asia portal</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="List_of_political_parties_in_Europe" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:List_of_political_parties_in_Europe" class="mw-redirect" title="Template:List of political parties in Europe"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:List_of_political_parties_in_Europe" class="mw-redirect" title="Template talk:List of political parties in Europe"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:List_of_political_parties_in_Europe" title="Special:EditPage/Template:List of political parties in Europe"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="List_of_political_parties_in_Europe" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/List_of_political_parties_in_Europe" class="mw-redirect" title="List of political parties in Europe">List of political parties in Europe </a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Sovereign states</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_political_parties_in_Albania" title="List of political parties in Albania">Albania</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_political_parties_in_Andorra" title="List of political parties in Andorra">Andorra</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_political_parties_in_Armenia" title="List of political parties in Armenia">Armenia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_political_parties_in_Austria" title="List of political parties in Austria">Austria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_political_parties_in_Azerbaijan" title="List of political parties in Azerbaijan">Azerbaijan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_political_parties_in_Belarus" title="List of political parties in Belarus">Belarus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_political_parties_in_Belgium" title="List of political parties in Belgium">Belgium</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_political_parties_in_Bosnia_and_Herzegovina" title="List of political parties in Bosnia and Herzegovina">Bosnia and Herzegovina</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_political_parties_in_Bulgaria" title="List of political parties in Bulgaria">Bulgaria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_political_parties_in_Croatia" title="List of political parties in Croatia">Croatia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_political_parties_in_Cyprus" title="List of political parties in Cyprus">Cyprus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_political_parties_in_the_Czech_Republic" title="List of political parties in the Czech Republic">Czech Republic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_political_parties_in_Denmark" title="List of political parties in Denmark">Denmark</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_political_parties_in_Estonia" title="List of political parties in Estonia">Estonia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_political_parties_in_Finland" title="List of political parties in Finland">Finland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_political_parties_in_France" title="List of political parties in France">France</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_political_parties_in_Georgia_(country)" title="List of political parties in Georgia (country)">Georgia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_political_parties_in_Germany" title="List of political parties in Germany">Germany</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_political_parties_in_Greece" title="List of political parties in Greece">Greece</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_political_parties_in_Hungary" title="List of political parties in Hungary">Hungary</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_political_parties_in_Iceland" title="List of political parties in Iceland">Iceland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_political_parties_in_the_Republic_of_Ireland" title="List of political parties in the Republic of Ireland">Ireland</a></li> <li class="mw-empty-elt"></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_political_parties_in_Italy" title="List of political parties in Italy">Italy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_political_parties_in_Kazakhstan" title="List of political parties in Kazakhstan">Kazakhstan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_political_parties_in_Latvia" title="List of political parties in Latvia">Latvia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_political_parties_in_Liechtenstein" title="List of political parties in Liechtenstein">Liechtenstein</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_political_parties_in_Lithuania" title="List of political parties in Lithuania">Lithuania</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_political_parties_in_Luxembourg" title="List of political parties in Luxembourg">Luxembourg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_political_parties_in_Malta" title="List of political parties in Malta">Malta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_political_parties_in_Moldova" title="List of political parties in Moldova">Moldova</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_political_parties_in_Monaco" title="List of political parties in Monaco">Monaco</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_political_parties_in_Montenegro" title="List of political parties in Montenegro">Montenegro</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_political_parties_in_the_Netherlands" title="List of political parties in the Netherlands">Netherlands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_political_parties_in_North_Macedonia" title="List of political parties in North Macedonia">North Macedonia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_political_parties_in_Norway" title="List of political parties in Norway">Norway</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_political_parties_in_Poland" title="List of political parties in Poland">Poland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_political_parties_in_Portugal" title="List of political parties in Portugal">Portugal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_political_parties_in_Romania" title="List of political parties in Romania">Romania</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_political_parties_in_Russia" title="List of political parties in Russia">Russia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_political_parties_in_San_Marino" title="List of political parties in San Marino">San Marino</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_political_parties_in_Serbia" title="List of political parties in Serbia">Serbia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_political_parties_in_Slovakia" title="List of political parties in Slovakia">Slovakia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_political_parties_in_Slovenia" title="List of political parties in Slovenia">Slovenia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_political_parties_in_Spain" title="List of political parties in Spain">Spain</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_political_parties_in_Sweden" title="List of political parties in Sweden">Sweden</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_political_parties_in_Switzerland" title="List of political parties in Switzerland">Switzerland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_political_parties_in_Turkey" title="List of political parties in Turkey">Turkey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_political_parties_in_Ukraine" title="List of political parties in Ukraine">Ukraine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_political_parties_in_the_United_Kingdom" title="List of political parties in the United Kingdom">United Kingdom</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">States with limited<br />recognition</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_political_parties_in_Abkhazia" title="List of political parties in Abkhazia">Abkhazia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_political_parties_in_Kosovo" title="List of political parties in Kosovo">Kosovo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_political_parties_in_Northern_Cyprus" title="List of political parties in Northern Cyprus">Northern Cyprus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_political_parties_in_South_Ossetia" title="List of political parties in South Ossetia">South Ossetia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_political_parties_in_Transnistria" title="List of political parties in Transnistria">Transnistria</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Dependencies and<br />other entities</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_political_parties_in_%C3%85land" title="List of political parties in Åland">Åland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_political_parties_in_the_Faroe_Islands" title="List of political parties in the Faroe Islands">Faroe Islands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_political_parties_in_Gibraltar" title="List of political parties in Gibraltar">Gibraltar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_political_parties_in_Guernsey" class="mw-redirect" title="List of political parties in Guernsey">Guernsey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_political_parties_in_the_Isle_of_Man" class="mw-redirect" title="List of political parties in the Isle of Man">Isle of Man</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_political_parties_in_Jersey" class="mw-redirect" title="List of political parties in Jersey">Jersey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_political_parties_in_Svalbard" class="mw-redirect" title="List of political parties in Svalbard">Svalbard</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other entities</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/European_political_party" title="European political party">European Union</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="List_of_political_parties_in_North_America" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:North_America_topic" title="Template:North America topic"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:North_America_topic" title="Template talk:North America topic"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:North_America_topic" title="Special:EditPage/Template:North America topic"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="List_of_political_parties_in_North_America" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/List_of_political_parties_in_North_America" class="mw-redirect" title="List of political parties in North America">List of political parties in North America </a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Sovereign states</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_political_parties_in_Antigua_and_Barbuda" title="List of political parties in Antigua and Barbuda">Antigua and Barbuda</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_political_parties_in_the_Bahamas" title="List of political parties in the Bahamas">Bahamas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_political_parties_in_Barbados" title="List of political parties in Barbados">Barbados</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_political_parties_in_Belize" title="List of political parties in Belize">Belize</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_political_parties_in_Canada" title="List of political parties in Canada">Canada</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_political_parties_in_Costa_Rica" title="List of political parties in Costa Rica">Costa Rica</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_political_parties_in_Cuba" title="List of political parties in Cuba">Cuba</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_political_parties_in_Dominica" title="List of political parties in Dominica">Dominica</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_political_parties_in_the_Dominican_Republic" title="List of political parties in the Dominican Republic">Dominican Republic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_political_parties_in_El_Salvador" title="List of political parties in El Salvador">El Salvador</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_political_parties_in_Grenada" title="List of political parties in Grenada">Grenada</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_political_parties_in_Guatemala" title="List of political parties in Guatemala">Guatemala</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_political_parties_in_Haiti" class="mw-redirect" title="List of political parties in Haiti">Haiti</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_political_parties_in_Honduras" title="List of political parties in Honduras">Honduras</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_political_parties_in_Jamaica" title="List of political parties in Jamaica">Jamaica</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_political_parties_in_Mexico" title="List of political parties in Mexico">Mexico</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_political_parties_in_Nicaragua" title="List of political parties in Nicaragua">Nicaragua</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_political_parties_in_Panama" title="List of political parties in Panama">Panama</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_political_parties_in_Saint_Kitts_and_Nevis" title="List of political parties in Saint Kitts and Nevis">Saint Kitts and Nevis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_political_parties_in_Saint_Lucia" title="List of political parties in Saint Lucia">Saint Lucia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_political_parties_in_Saint_Vincent_and_the_Grenadines" title="List of political parties in Saint Vincent and the Grenadines">Saint Vincent and the Grenadines</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_political_parties_in_Trinidad_and_Tobago" title="List of political parties in Trinidad and Tobago">Trinidad and Tobago</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_political_parties_in_the_United_States" title="List of political parties in the United States">United States</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;">Dependencies and<br />other territories</div></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_political_parties_in_Anguilla" title="List of political parties in Anguilla">Anguilla</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_political_parties_in_Aruba" title="List of political parties in Aruba">Aruba</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_political_parties_in_Bermuda" title="List of political parties in Bermuda">Bermuda</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=List_of_political_parties_in_Bonaire&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="List of political parties in Bonaire (page does not exist)">Bonaire</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_political_parties_in_the_British_Virgin_Islands" title="List of political parties in the British Virgin Islands">British Virgin Islands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_political_parties_in_the_Cayman_Islands" title="List of political parties in the Cayman Islands">Cayman Islands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_political_parties_in_Cura%C3%A7ao" title="List of political parties in Curaçao">Curaçao</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_political_parties_in_Greenland" title="List of political parties in Greenland">Greenland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_political_parties_in_Guadeloupe" title="List of political parties in Guadeloupe">Guadeloupe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_political_parties_in_Martinique" title="List of political parties in Martinique">Martinique</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_political_parties_in_Montserrat" title="List of political parties in Montserrat">Montserrat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_political_parties_in_Puerto_Rico" title="List of political parties in Puerto Rico">Puerto Rico</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_political_parties_in_Saint_Barth%C3%A9lemy" title="List of political parties in Saint Barthélemy">Saint Barthélemy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_political_parties_in_the_Collectivity_of_Saint_Martin" title="List of political parties in the Collectivity of Saint Martin">Saint Martin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_political_parties_in_Saint_Pierre_and_Miquelon" title="List of political parties in Saint Pierre and Miquelon">Saint Pierre and Miquelon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_political_parties_in_Saba_(island)" class="mw-redirect" title="List of political parties in Saba (island)">Saba</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_political_parties_in_Sint_Eustatius" title="List of political parties in Sint Eustatius">Sint Eustatius</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_political_parties_in_Sint_Maarten" title="List of political parties in Sint Maarten">Sint Maarten</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_political_parties_in_the_Turks_and_Caicos_Islands" class="mw-redirect" title="List of political parties in the Turks and Caicos Islands">Turks and Caicos Islands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_political_parties_in_the_United_States_Virgin_Islands" title="List of political parties in the United States Virgin Islands">United States Virgin Islands</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="List_of_political_parties_in_Oceania" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Oceania_topic" title="Template:Oceania topic"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Oceania_topic" title="Template talk:Oceania topic"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Oceania_topic" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Oceania topic"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="List_of_political_parties_in_Oceania" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/List_of_political_parties_in_Oceania" class="mw-redirect" title="List of political parties in Oceania">List of political parties in Oceania </a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Sovereign states</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_political_parties_in_Australia" title="List of political parties in Australia">Australia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_political_parties_in_the_Federated_States_of_Micronesia" class="mw-redirect" title="List of political parties in the Federated States of Micronesia">Federated States of Micronesia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_political_parties_in_Fiji" title="List of political parties in Fiji">Fiji</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_political_parties_in_Kiribati" title="List of political parties in Kiribati">Kiribati</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_political_parties_in_the_Marshall_Islands" title="List of political parties in the Marshall Islands">Marshall Islands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_political_parties_in_Nauru" title="List of political parties in Nauru">Nauru</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_political_parties_in_New_Zealand" title="List of political parties in New Zealand">New Zealand</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_political_parties_in_Palau" title="List of political parties in Palau">Palau</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_political_parties_in_Papua_New_Guinea" title="List of political parties in Papua New Guinea">Papua New Guinea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_political_parties_in_Samoa" title="List of political parties in Samoa">Samoa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_political_parties_in_Solomon_Islands" class="mw-redirect" title="List of political parties in Solomon Islands">Solomon Islands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_political_parties_in_Tonga" class="mw-redirect" title="List of political parties in Tonga">Tonga</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_political_parties_in_Tuvalu" class="mw-redirect" title="List of political parties in Tuvalu">Tuvalu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_political_parties_in_Vanuatu" title="List of political parties in Vanuatu">Vanuatu</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Associated states<br />of New Zealand</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_political_parties_in_the_Cook_Islands" title="List of political parties in the Cook Islands">Cook Islands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_political_parties_in_Niue" class="mw-redirect" title="List of political parties in Niue">Niue</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Dependencies<br />and other territories</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_political_parties_in_American_Samoa" class="mw-redirect" title="List of political parties in American Samoa">American Samoa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_political_parties_in_Christmas_Island" class="mw-redirect" title="List of political parties in Christmas Island">Christmas Island</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_political_parties_in_the_Cocos_(Keeling)_Islands" class="mw-redirect" title="List of political parties in the Cocos (Keeling) Islands">Cocos (Keeling) Islands</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=List_of_political_parties_in_Easter_Island&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="List of political parties in Easter Island (page does not exist)">Easter Island</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_political_parties_in_French_Polynesia" title="List of political parties in French Polynesia">French Polynesia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_political_parties_in_Guam" title="List of political parties in Guam">Guam</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=List_of_political_parties_in_Hawaii&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="List of political parties in Hawaii (page does not exist)">Hawaii</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_political_parties_in_New_Caledonia" title="List of political parties in New Caledonia">New Caledonia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_political_parties_in_Norfolk_Island" class="mw-redirect" title="List of political parties in Norfolk Island">Norfolk Island</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_political_parties_in_the_Northern_Mariana_Islands" title="List of political parties in the Northern Mariana Islands">Northern Mariana Islands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_political_parties_in_the_Pitcairn_Islands" class="mw-redirect" title="List of political parties in the Pitcairn Islands">Pitcairn Islands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_political_parties_in_Tokelau" class="mw-redirect" title="List of political parties in Tokelau">Tokelau</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_political_parties_in_Wallis_and_Futuna" title="List of political parties in Wallis and Futuna">Wallis and Futuna</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="List_of_political_parties_in_South_America" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:South_America_topic" title="Template:South America topic"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:South_America_topic" title="Template talk:South America topic"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:South_America_topic" title="Special:EditPage/Template:South America topic"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="List_of_political_parties_in_South_America" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/List_of_political_parties_in_South_America" class="mw-redirect" title="List of political parties in South America">List of political parties in South America </a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/List_of_sovereign_states" title="List of sovereign states">Sovereign states</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_political_parties_in_Argentina" title="List of political parties in Argentina">Argentina</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_political_parties_in_Bolivia" title="List of political parties in Bolivia">Bolivia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_political_parties_in_Brazil" title="List of political parties in Brazil">Brazil</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_political_parties_in_Chile" title="List of political parties in Chile">Chile</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_political_parties_in_Colombia" title="List of political parties in Colombia">Colombia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_political_parties_in_Ecuador" title="List of political parties in Ecuador">Ecuador</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_political_parties_in_Guyana" title="List of political parties in Guyana">Guyana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_political_parties_in_Paraguay" title="List of political parties in Paraguay">Paraguay</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_political_parties_in_Peru" title="List of political parties in Peru">Peru</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_political_parties_in_Suriname" title="List of political parties in Suriname">Suriname</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_political_parties_in_Uruguay" title="List of political parties in Uruguay">Uruguay</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_political_parties_in_Venezuela" title="List of political parties in Venezuela">Venezuela</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;"><a href="/wiki/Dependent_territory" title="Dependent territory">Dependencies</a> and<br />other territories</div></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_political_parties_in_the_Falkland_Islands" class="mw-redirect" title="List of political parties in the Falkland Islands">Falkland Islands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_political_parties_in_French_Guiana" title="List of political parties in French Guiana">French Guiana</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=List_of_political_parties_in_South_Georgia_and_the_South_Sandwich_Islands&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="List of political parties in South Georgia and the South Sandwich Islands (page does not exist)"><span style="white-space:normal;">South Georgia and the South Sandwich Islands</span></a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="History_of_politics">History of politics</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Outline_of_political_science&action=edit&section=30" title="Edit section: History of politics"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/History_of_political_science" title="History of political science">History of political science</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_political_thinking" class="mw-redirect" title="History of political thinking">History of political thinking</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Political_history" title="Political history">Political history</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_years_in_politics" title="List of years in politics">List of years in politics</a></li></ul></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Political_scholars">Political scholars</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Outline_of_political_science&action=edit&section=31" title="Edit section: Political scholars"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_political_scientists" title="List of political scientists">List of political scientists</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_political_philosophers" title="List of political philosophers">List of political philosophers</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_social_and_political_philosophers" class="mw-redirect" title="List of social and political philosophers">List of social and political philosophers</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_political_theorists" title="List of political theorists">List of political theorists</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Influential_literature">Influential literature</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Outline_of_political_science&action=edit&section=32" title="Edit section: Influential literature"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Art_of_War" title="The Art of War">The Art of War</a></i> – by <a href="/wiki/Sun_Tsu" class="mw-redirect" title="Sun Tsu">Sun Tsu</a> (<abbr title="circa">c.</abbr><span style="white-space:nowrap;"> 544</span>–496 BC)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/History_of_the_Peloponnesian_War" title="History of the Peloponnesian War">History of the Peloponnesian War</a></i> by <a href="/wiki/Thucydides" title="Thucydides">Thucydides</a> (<abbr title="circa">c.</abbr><span style="white-space:nowrap;"> 460</span> – c.<span style="white-space:nowrap;"> 400 BC</span>)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Republic_(Plato)" class="mw-redirect" title="The Republic (Plato)">The Republic</a></i> and <i><a href="/wiki/Laws_(dialogue)" title="Laws (dialogue)">Laws</a></i> – by <a href="/wiki/Plato" title="Plato">Plato</a> (427–347 BC)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Politics_(Aristotle)" title="Politics (Aristotle)">The Politics</a></i> and <i><a href="/wiki/Nicomachean_Ethics" title="Nicomachean Ethics">Nicomachean Ethics</a></i> – <a href="/wiki/Aristotle" title="Aristotle">Aristotle</a> (384–322 BC)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Arthashastra" title="Arthashastra">Arthashastra</a></i> – <a href="/wiki/Chanakya" title="Chanakya"><span title="International Alphabet of Sanskrit transliteration"><i lang="sa-Latn">Chāṇakya</i></span></a><sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> (<abbr title="circa">c.</abbr><span style="white-space:nowrap;"> 350</span>–283 BC)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Meditations" title="Meditations">Meditations</a></i> – <i><a href="/wiki/Marcus_Aurelius" title="Marcus Aurelius">Marcus Aurelius, Roman Emperor 161–180 CE</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Prince" title="The Prince">The Prince</a></i> – by Niccolò Machiavelli (1469–1527)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Book_of_Five_Rings" title="The Book of Five Rings">The Book of Five Rings</a></i> – <a href="/wiki/Miyamoto_Musashi" title="Miyamoto Musashi">Miyamoto Musashi</a> (<abbr title="circa">c.</abbr><span style="white-space:nowrap;"> 1584</span>––1645)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Leviathan_(Hobbes_book)" title="Leviathan (Hobbes book)">Leviathan</a></i> – <a href="/wiki/Thomas_Hobbes" title="Thomas Hobbes">Thomas Hobbes</a> (1588–1679)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Wealth_of_Nations" title="The Wealth of Nations">The Wealth of Nations</a></i> – by <a href="/wiki/Adam_Smith" title="Adam Smith">Adam Smith</a> (1723–1790)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/On_War" title="On War">On War</a></i> – by <a href="/wiki/Carl_von_Clausewitz" title="Carl von Clausewitz">Carl von Clausewitz</a> (1780–1831)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Communist_Manifesto" title="The Communist Manifesto">The Communist Manifesto</a></i> – by <a href="/wiki/Karl_Marx" title="Karl Marx">Karl Marx</a> (1818–1883)</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Outline_of_political_science&action=edit&section=33" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Wikipedia_outlines" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Outline_footer" title="Template:Outline footer"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Outline_footer" title="Template talk:Outline footer"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Outline_footer" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Outline footer"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Wikipedia_outlines" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Contents/Outlines" title="Wikipedia:Contents/Outlines">Wikipedia outlines</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Contents/Outlines#General_reference" title="Wikipedia:Contents/Outlines">General reference</a></li></ul> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Contents/Outlines#Culture_and_the_arts" title="Wikipedia:Contents/Outlines">Culture and the arts</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Contents/Outlines#Geography_and_places" title="Wikipedia:Contents/Outlines">Geography and places</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Contents/Outlines#Health_and_fitness" title="Wikipedia:Contents/Outlines">Health and fitness</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Contents/Outlines#History_and_events" title="Wikipedia:Contents/Outlines">History and events</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Contents/Outlines#Mathematics_and_logic" title="Wikipedia:Contents/Outlines">Mathematics and logic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Contents/Outlines#Natural_and_physical_sciences" title="Wikipedia:Contents/Outlines">Natural and physical sciences</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Contents/Outlines#People_and_self" title="Wikipedia:Contents/Outlines">People and self</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Contents/Outlines#Philosophy_and_thinking" title="Wikipedia:Contents/Outlines">Philosophy and thinking</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Contents/Outlines#Religion_and_belief_systems" title="Wikipedia:Contents/Outlines">Religion and belief systems</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Contents/Outlines#Society_and_social_sciences" title="Wikipedia:Contents/Outlines">Society and social sciences</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Contents/Outlines#Technology_and_applied_sciences" title="Wikipedia:Contents/Outlines">Technology and applied sciences</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239009302">.mw-parser-output .portalbox{padding:0;margin:0.5em 0;display:table;box-sizing:border-box;max-width:175px;list-style:none}.mw-parser-output .portalborder{border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#a2a9b1);padding:0.1em;background:var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa)}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-entry{display:table-row;font-size:85%;line-height:110%;height:1.9em;font-style:italic;font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output 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title="Policy">Policy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rule_According_to_Higher_Law" class="mw-redirect" title="Rule According to Higher Law">Rule According to Higher Law</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Office_politics" class="mw-redirect" title="Office politics">Office politics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Official_statistics" title="Official statistics">Official statistics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Organizational_politics" class="mw-redirect" title="Organizational politics">Organizational politics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Political_activism" class="mw-redirect" title="Political activism">Political activism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Political_corruption" title="Political corruption">Political corruption</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Political_criticism" title="Political criticism">Political criticism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Political_economy" title="Political economy">Political economy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Political_fiction" title="Political fiction">Political fiction</a> (<a href="/wiki/Politics_in_fiction" class="mw-redirect" title="Politics in fiction">list</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Political_movement" title="Political movement">Political movement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Political_party" title="Political party">Political party</a> (<a href="/wiki/List_of_political_parties_by_country" class="mw-redirect" title="List of political parties by country">list by country</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Political_power" class="mw-redirect" title="Political power">Political power</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Political_psychology" title="Political psychology">Political psychology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Political_spectrum" title="Political spectrum">Political spectrum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Theories_of_Political_Behavior" class="mw-redirect" title="Theories of Political Behavior">Theories of Political Behavior</a></li></ul></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Further_reading">Further reading</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Outline_of_political_science&action=edit&section=34" title="Edit section: Further reading"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>Roskin, M.; Cord, R. L.; Medeiros, J. A.; Jones, W. S. (2007). <i>Political Science: An Introduction</i>. 10th ed. New York: <a href="/wiki/Pearson_Prentice_Hall" class="mw-redirect" title="Pearson Prentice Hall">Pearson Prentice Hall</a>. <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-13-242575-9" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-13-242575-9">978-0-13-242575-9</a> (10). <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-13-242575-9" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-13-242575-9">978-0-13-242575-9</a> (13).</li> <li>Tausch, A.; Prager, F. (1993). <i>Towards a Socio-Liberal Theory of World Development</i>. Basingstoke: Macmillan; New York: <a href="/wiki/St._Martin%27s_Press" title="St. Martin's Press">St. Martin's Press</a>.</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Oxford_Handbooks_of_Political_Science" title="Oxford Handbooks of Political Science">Oxford Handbooks of Political Science</a></i> – ten-volume set covering the political science topics <a href="/wiki/Political_methodology" title="Political methodology">political methodology</a>, <a href="/wiki/Public_policy" title="Public policy">public policy</a>, <a href="/wiki/Political_theory" class="mw-redirect" title="Political theory">political theory</a>, <a href="/wiki/Political_economy" title="Political economy">political economy</a>, <a href="/wiki/Comparative_politics" title="Comparative politics">comparative politics</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Contextual_political_analysis&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Contextual political analysis (page does not exist)">contextual political analysis</a>, <a href="/wiki/International_relations" title="International relations">international relations</a>, Law and Politics, <a href="/wiki/Theories_of_political_behavior" title="Theories of political behavior">political behavior</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Political_institutions" class="mw-redirect" title="Political institutions">political institutions</a>. The general editor of the series is <a href="/wiki/Robert_E._Goodin" title="Robert E. Goodin">Robert E. Goodin</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Outline_of_political_science&action=edit&section=35" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-Suissa,_Judith_2001-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Suissa,_Judith_2001_1-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Suissa, Judith (2001). "Anarchism, Utopias and Philosophy of Education". <i>Journal of Philosophy of Education</i> 35 (4). pp. 627–646. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1111%2F1467-9752.00249">10.1111/1467-9752.00249</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-JSM7-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-JSM7_2-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMill1861" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/John_Stuart_Mill" title="John Stuart Mill">Mill, John Stuart</a> (1861). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/5669/5669-h/5669-h.htm#link2HCH0007">"Chapter VII, Of True and False Democracy; Representation of All, and Representation of the Majority only"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Considerations_on_Representative_Government" title="Considerations on Representative Government"><i>Considerations on Representative Government</i></a>. London: Parker, Son, & Bourn.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Chapter+VII%2C+Of+True+and+False+Democracy%3B+Representation+of+All%2C+and+Representation+of+the+Majority+only&rft.btitle=Considerations+on+Representative+Government&rft.place=London&rft.pub=Parker%2C+Son%2C+%26+Bourn&rft.date=1861&rft.aulast=Mill&rft.aufirst=John+Stuart&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.gutenberg.org%2Ffiles%2F5669%2F5669-h%2F5669-h.htm%23link2HCH0007&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AOutline+of+political+science" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Carlisle, Rodney P., ed., <i>The Encyclopedia of Politics: The Left and the Right, Volume 2: The Right</i> (Thousand Oaks, California, United States; London, England; New Delhi, India: Sage Publications, 2005) p. 693.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Mabbett 1964 "References to the work in other Sanskrit literature attribute it variously to <span title="International Alphabet of Sanskrit transliteration"><i lang="sa-Latn">Viṣṇugupta</i></span>, <span title="International Alphabet of Sanskrit transliteration"><i lang="sa-Latn">Cāṇakya</i></span> and <span title="International Alphabet of Sanskrit transliteration"><i lang="sa-Latn">Kauṭilya</i></span>. The same individual is meant in each case. The <i><a href="/wiki/Panchatantra" title="Panchatantra">Pańcatantra</a></i> explicitly identifies <a href="/wiki/Chanakya" title="Chanakya">Chanakya</a> with <span title="International Alphabet of Sanskrit transliteration"><i lang="sa-Latn">Viṣṇugupta</i></span>."</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160305042142/http://www.oup.com.au/titles/higher_ed/social_science/politics/9780199270033">"Oxford Handbook of Political Theory"</a>. <i>Oxford University Press</i>. 27 Aug 2006. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780199270033" title="Special:BookSources/9780199270033"><bdi>9780199270033</bdi></a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.oup.com.au/titles/higher_ed/social_science/politics/9780199270033">the original</a> on Mar 5, 2016.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Oxford+University+Press&rft.atitle=Oxford+Handbook+of+Political+Theory&rft.date=2006-08-27&rft.isbn=9780199270033&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.oup.com.au%2Ftitles%2Fhigher_ed%2Fsocial_science%2Fpolitics%2F9780199270033&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AOutline+of+political+science" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWalsh2008" class="citation journal cs1">Walsh, Mary (1 May 2008). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1057%2Fcpt.2008.2">"The Oxford Handbook of Political Theory"</a>. <i>Contemporary Political Theory</i>. <b>7</b> (2): 232–234. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1057%2Fcpt.2008.2">10.1057/cpt.2008.2</a></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Contemporary+Political+Theory&rft.atitle=The+Oxford+Handbook+of+Political+Theory&rft.volume=7&rft.issue=2&rft.pages=232-234&rft.date=2008-05-01&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1057%2Fcpt.2008.2&rft.aulast=Walsh&rft.aufirst=Mary&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fdoi.org%2F10.1057%252Fcpt.2008.2&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AOutline+of+political+science" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span 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Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://dca.tufts.edu/features/aas/">the original</a> on Dec 8, 2006.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=American+Antiquarian+Society+--+Election+Records+Project&rft.atitle=A+New+Nation+Votes+-+American+Election+Returns%2C+1787+-+1825&rft.date=2006-11-13&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fdca.tufts.edu%2Ffeatures%2Faas%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AOutline+of+political+science" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20141020140819/http://www.p-jones.demon.co.uk/linksIV.htm">"POLITICAL Domain Links IV"</a>. <i>Hodges' Health Career Model</i>. 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