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href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Comunione_e_Liberazione" title="Comunione e Liberazione – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Comunione e Liberazione" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cbk-zam mw-list-item"><a href="https://cbk-zam.wikipedia.org/wiki/Comunion_y_liberacion" title="Comunion y liberacion – Chavacano" lang="cbk" hreflang="cbk" data-title="Comunion y liberacion" data-language-autonym="Chavacano de Zamboanga" data-language-local-name="Chavacano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Chavacano de Zamboanga</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Comunione_e_Liberazione" title="Comunione e Liberazione – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Comunione e Liberazione" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Comuni%C3%B3n_y_Liberaci%C3%B3n" title="Comunión y Liberación – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Comunión y Liberación" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Komuneco_kaj_Liberigo" title="Komuneco kaj Liberigo – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Komuneco kaj Liberigo" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Communion_et_Lib%C3%A9ration" title="Communion et Libération – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Communion et Libération" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Comunione_e_Liberazione" title="Comunione e Liberazione – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Comunione e Liberazione" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Comunione_e_Liberazione" title="Comunione e Liberazione – Hungarian" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Comunione e Liberazione" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hungarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gemeenschap_en_Bevrijding" title="Gemeenschap en Bevrijding – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Gemeenschap en Bevrijding" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Comunione_e_Liberazione" title="Comunione e Liberazione – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Comunione e Liberazione" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Comunh%C3%A3o_e_Liberta%C3%A7%C3%A3o" title="Comunhão e Libertação – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Comunhão e Libertação" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a 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href="/wiki/Help:Maintenance_template_removal" title="Help:Maintenance template removal">Learn how and when to remove this message</a></small>)</i></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <p class="mw-empty-elt"> </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox vcard"><caption class="infobox-title fn org">Communion and Liberation</caption><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-subheader">Comunione e Liberazione</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:0.6em;">Formation</th><td class="infobox-data note">1954<span class="noprint">; 70 years ago</span><span style="display:none"> (<span class="bday dtstart published updated">1954</span>)</span><sup id="cite_ref-foo_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-foo-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:0.6em;">Founder</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Luigi_Giussani" title="Luigi Giussani">Luigi Giussani</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:0.6em;">Founded at</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Milan" title="Milan">Milan</a>, <a href="/wiki/Italy" title="Italy">Italy</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:0.6em;">Type</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Catholic_lay_organisations" title="Catholic lay organisations">Catholic lay movement</a><sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:0.6em;">Location</th><td class="infobox-data label"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1126788409">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style><div class="plainlist"><ul><li>Worldwide</li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:0.6em;">Leader</th><td class="infobox-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"><div class="plainlist"><ul><li>Luigi Giussani (1954–2005)</li><li><a href="/wiki/Juli%C3%A1n_Carr%C3%B3n" title="Julián Carrón">Julián Carrón</a> (2005–2021)</li><li>Davide Prosperi (2021–present)</li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:0.6em;">Website</th><td class="infobox-data"><span class="url"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://it.clonline.org">it<wbr />.clonline<wbr />.org</a></span> <span class="mw-valign-text-top noprint" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q868651#P856" title="Edit this at Wikidata"><img alt="Edit this at Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></span></td></tr></tbody></table> <p><b>Communion and Liberation</b> (<a href="/wiki/Italian_language" title="Italian language">Italian</a>: <i lang="it">Comunione e Liberazione</i>, often shortened to <b>CL</b>), since 1980 officially <b>Fraternity of Communion and Liberation</b><sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> (Italian: <i lang="it">Fraternità di Comunione e Liberazione</i>), it is an international <a href="/wiki/Catholic_lay_organisations" title="Catholic lay organisations">Catholic movement</a> founded in 1954 by Fr. <a href="/wiki/Luigi_Giussani" title="Luigi Giussani">Luigi Giussani</a><sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> as <b>Student Youth</b> (<span title="Italian-language text"><i lang="it">Gioventù Studentesca</i></span>), with the aim of presenting the Christian event in a way which is in tune with contemporary culture, making it a source of new values for the modern world.<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The movement is currently present in ninety countries on nearly every continent.<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The name "Communion and Liberation" first appeared in 1969, and it synthesizes the conviction that the Christian event, lived in "communion" is the foundation of man's authentic "liberation". </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="History">History</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Communion_and_Liberation&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: History"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Luigi_Giussani" title="Luigi Giussani">Luigi Giussani</a></div> <p>Communion and Liberation find their origin in the educational and <a href="/wiki/Catechetical" class="mw-redirect" title="Catechetical">catechetical</a> methods of <a href="/wiki/Luigi_Giussani" title="Luigi Giussani">Luigi Giussani</a> who, in 1954, abandoned his teaching position at the <a href="/wiki/Venegono_Inferiore" title="Venegono Inferiore">Venegono</a> seminary to teach Catholic religion at <a href="/w/index.php?title=Berchet_High_School&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Berchet High School (page does not exist)">Berchet High School</a><span class="noprint" style="font-size:85%; font-style: normal;"> [<a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Liceo_classico_Giovanni_Berchet" class="extiw" title="it:Liceo classico Giovanni Berchet">it</a>]</span> in <a href="/wiki/Milan" title="Milan">Milan</a>. Following daily encounters with his students, Giussani soon became assistant to <a href="/wiki/Azione_Cattolica" title="Azione Cattolica">Catholic Action</a> via the <span title="Italian-language text"><i lang="it">Gioventù Studentesca</i></span> (Student Youth) branch.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_7-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Within a few years, GS widely spread within and well beyond the Milanese diocese. </p><p>Though GS was part of Catholic Action, differences in approach caused internal tension and an eventual schism. In 1968, various members abandoned the group.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_7-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The ones who remained faithful to Giussani organized themselves in what they eventually named "Communion and Liberation." The name was derived from a flyer distributed by some university students in 1969 with the aim to respond to the time's common mentality. While the world affirmed that man's freedom rested in revolution, they believed Christian communion was liberation.<sup id="cite_ref-:1_8-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:1-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Giussani said that he never planned to found a Catholic movement. In a letter to <a href="/wiki/Pope_John_Paul_II" title="Pope John Paul II">Pope John Paul II</a>, he wrote, "Not only did I never intent to 'found' anything, but I believe that the genius of the movement whose birth I witnessed was the perceived urgency to proclaim the need to return to the elementary aspects of Christianity. That is a passion for the Christian fact as such, in its original elements. That's it."<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The pope was said to have been an ardent advocate of the movement, maintaining that it is a vanguard in "the work of overcoming the division between the Gospel and Culture".<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> John Paul II also supported the work of the Italian politician <a href="/wiki/Rocco_Buttiglione" title="Rocco Buttiglione">Rocco Buttiglione</a>, a member of the Communion and Liberation, particularly those that confirmed his European and American views.<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The pope's attitude was influenced by his papacy's focus on moral issues as well as the movement's anti-liberal orientation.<sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Juli%C3%A1n_Carr%C3%B3n_-_Padova_24-02-2016_(cropped).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c8/Juli%C3%A1n_Carr%C3%B3n_-_Padova_24-02-2016_%28cropped%29.jpg/220px-Juli%C3%A1n_Carr%C3%B3n_-_Padova_24-02-2016_%28cropped%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="250" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c8/Juli%C3%A1n_Carr%C3%B3n_-_Padova_24-02-2016_%28cropped%29.jpg/330px-Juli%C3%A1n_Carr%C3%B3n_-_Padova_24-02-2016_%28cropped%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c8/Juli%C3%A1n_Carr%C3%B3n_-_Padova_24-02-2016_%28cropped%29.jpg/440px-Juli%C3%A1n_Carr%C3%B3n_-_Padova_24-02-2016_%28cropped%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1007" data-file-height="1146" /></a><figcaption>Julián Carrón, Padua 2016</figcaption></figure> <p>Giussani's former high school and university students began to express their desire to live the experience of the movement in a more stable way. Their desire was fulfilled on February 11, 1982, when the Fraternity of Communion and Liberation was recognized by the <a href="/wiki/Pontifical_Council_for_the_Laity" title="Pontifical Council for the Laity">Pontifical Council for the Laity</a> as a lay association of pontifical rights.<sup id="cite_ref-:1_8-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:1-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>After Giussani's death on February 22, 2005, responsibility over Communion and Liberation was passed on to Spanish priest and theologian <a href="/wiki/Juli%C3%A1n_Carr%C3%B3n" title="Julián Carrón">Julián Carrón</a>, who resigned in 2021<sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and was succeeded by Davide Prosperi. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="The_life_of_CL">The life of CL</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Communion_and_Liberation&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: The life of CL"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1251242444"><table class="box-More_citations_needed_section plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-content ambox-Refimprove" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><div class="mbox-image-div"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Question_book-new.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/50px-Question_book-new.svg.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="39" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/75px-Question_book-new.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/100px-Question_book-new.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="399" /></a></span></div></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span">This section <b>needs additional citations for <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability" title="Wikipedia:Verifiability">verification</a></b>.<span class="hide-when-compact"> Please help <a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Communion_and_Liberation" title="Special:EditPage/Communion and Liberation">improve this article</a> by <a href="/wiki/Help:Referencing_for_beginners" title="Help:Referencing for beginners">adding citations to reliable sources</a> in this section. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.</span> <span class="date-container"><i>(<span class="date">June 2021</span>)</i></span><span class="hide-when-compact"><i> (<small><a href="/wiki/Help:Maintenance_template_removal" title="Help:Maintenance template removal">Learn how and when to remove this message</a></small>)</i></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <p>The experience of life proposed by Communion and Liberation revolves around what Giussani considered to be the dimensions of Christian life: culture, charity, and mission.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_7-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> CL continues to be represented in secondary schools under the name of GS, while Communion and Liberation - University (CLU) informally encompasses the university students involved.<sup id="cite_ref-life_14-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-life-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Different forms of consecrated life are also present in the movement: <i>Memores Domini</i>, the Fraternity of St. Joseph, the <a href="/wiki/Priestly_Fraternity_of_the_Missionaries_of_St._Charles_Borromeo" title="Priestly Fraternity of the Missionaries of St. Charles Borromeo">Priestly Fraternity of St. Charles Borromeo</a>, and the Sisters of Charity of the Assumption.<sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="School_of_Community">School of Community</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Communion_and_Liberation&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: School of Community"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>A recurring activity in Communion and Liberation is <a href="/wiki/Catechesis" title="Catechesis">catechesis</a> through the School of Community (SoC), typically focusing on a text by Giussani or the Magisterium, organized by individual communities and open to the public.<sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Since the early stages of GS, Giussani had established his primary goals to be education to Christian maturity and collaboration in the mission of the Church in every aspect of life. The School of Community aims to be a method to verify the presence of <a href="/wiki/Christ" class="mw-redirect" title="Christ">Christ</a> in one's life, delving into the relationship between faith and reason and, more specifically, how human reason can approach the mystery of God and the <a href="/wiki/Incarnation_(Christianity)" title="Incarnation (Christianity)">Incarnation</a>. Participants help each other grow in awareness of how communion with Christ can give birth to a new humanity. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Prayer_and_the_liturgy">Prayer and the liturgy</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Communion_and_Liberation&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Prayer and the liturgy"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Giussani always followed the Catholic Church's prayer and liturgy. He recommended the <a href="/wiki/Liturgy_of_the_Hours" title="Liturgy of the Hours">Liturgy of the Hours</a>, in which Communion and Liberation pray in <i><a href="/wiki/Recto_tono" title="Recto tono">recto tono</a></i>. In the early Seventies, a condensed version of the Ambrosian breviary was compiled; this version follows a weekly cycle rather than a four-week one and is still used today in Communion and Liberation communities. However, the consecrated religious within the movement used the official Catholic breviary for prayer. The <a href="/wiki/Rosary" title="Rosary">rosary</a> is recited frequently, and praying the <a href="/wiki/Angelus" title="Angelus">Angelus</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Regina_Coeli" class="mw-redirect" title="Regina Coeli">Regina Coeli</a>, and the <a href="/wiki/Memorare" title="Memorare">Memorare</a> is often encouraged, as is the use of the invocation to the Holy Spirit, <i>Veni Sancte Spiritus, Veni per Mariam.</i> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Culture">Culture</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Communion_and_Liberation&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Culture"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Giussani's desire to encourage readership of both Catholic and secular writers who could aid in further comprehension of the Christian experience led to the "Book of the Month," a series of texts regularly recommended by Communion and Liberation.<sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Music proposals are instead compiled in the <i>Spirito Gentil</i> collection.<sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Charity">Charity</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Communion_and_Liberation&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Charity"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Members of Communion and Liberation are educated to charity through "charitable work," a recurring time to serve those in need.<sup id="cite_ref-life_14-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-life-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Charitable work might constitute activities such as assisting people who are elderly or disabled, tutoring immigrant children, or providing support for families in need. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Mission">Mission</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Communion_and_Liberation&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Mission"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The movement of Communion and Liberation is, in its essence, a missionary movement, meaning its adherents dedicate themselves to bringing the living presence of Christ to all men. Its consecrated men and women live out the missionary life as missionary priests and sisters.<sup id="cite_ref-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Cultural_and_social_presence">Cultural and social presence</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Communion_and_Liberation&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Cultural and social presence"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Communion and Liberation communities regularly engage in local cultural initiatives, occasionally giving life to events that have become popular in time. The largest and most famous of these cultural initiatives is the <a href="/wiki/Meeting_for_friendship_among_peoples" class="mw-redirect" title="Meeting for friendship among peoples">Meeting for Friendship Among Peoples</a>, an international cultural festival that takes place annually in Rimini, Italy.<sup id="cite_ref-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Among other smaller recurring events inspired by the Rimini Meeting are the <a href="/wiki/New_York_Encounter" title="New York Encounter">New York Encounter</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-21" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Encuentro Madrid,<sup id="cite_ref-22" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Rhein Meeting,<sup id="cite_ref-23" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Meeting Lisboa,<sup id="cite_ref-24" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and the London Encounter.<sup id="cite_ref-25" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The official magazine of Communion and Liberation is <i>Traces</i>, a monthly publication that is available in eleven languages, including English.<sup id="cite_ref-26" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Until the 1980s, Communion and Liberation's official publishing house was Jaca Book. Since then, publications tied to the movement have been published by various publishing houses, including <a href="/wiki/University_of_Notre_Dame_Press" title="University of Notre Dame Press">Notre Dame Press</a>, <a href="/wiki/McGill-Queen%27s_University_Press" class="mw-redirect" title="McGill-Queen's University Press">McGill-Queen's University Press</a>, and <a href="/wiki/RCS_MediaGroup" title="RCS MediaGroup">RCS MediaGroup</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Controversies">Controversies</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Communion_and_Liberation&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Controversies"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Corruption">Corruption</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Communion_and_Liberation&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Corruption"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Members of Communion and Liberation in positions of power in Italy have faced criticism for allegedly surrounding themselves with persons affiliated with Communion and Liberation or sympathizers, thus excluding individuals of different or opposing social, political, or religious views.<sup id="cite_ref-27" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Carrón responded to these widespread moral charges in an interview with the Italian newspaper <i><a href="/wiki/La_Repubblica" title="La Repubblica">Repubblica</a>,</i> in 2012. "It is a burning disappointment. The ideals of Communion and Liberation movement are far from the corruption surfacing in the Mafia Capitale investigations. And seeing that among those being investigated are people of the movement is cause of profound sadness for us."<sup id="cite_ref-28" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In December 2016, <a href="/wiki/Roberto_Formigoni" title="Roberto Formigoni">Roberto Formigoni</a>, former governor of <a href="/wiki/Lombardy" title="Lombardy">Lombardy</a> and former unofficial Communion and Liberation political spokesperson, was sentenced to six years in prison for bribery and corruption after four years of investigations.<sup id="cite_ref-29" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 2012, when Formigoni resigned as governor due to scandals, Carrón released an interview in which he stated, "There may have been people who used CL in a certain way ... we don't intervene in the documents or acts of those with political responsibilities. There are no CL candidates, there are no CL politicians. The sooner this is made clear, the better."<sup id="cite_ref-30" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Sexual_abuse">Sexual abuse</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Communion_and_Liberation&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: Sexual abuse"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In 2016, Italian priest Mauro Inzoli, formerly of Communion and Liberation, was convicted of sexual abuse against five boys.<sup id="cite_ref-:2_31-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:2-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Inzoli had been removed from the priesthood in 2012 by <a href="/wiki/Pope_Benedict_XVI" title="Pope Benedict XVI">Pope Benedict XVI</a>, but in 2014, he was reinstated by <a href="/wiki/Pope_Francis" title="Pope Francis">Pope Francis</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-:2_31-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:2-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> This reinstatement was reversed following the 2016 conviction, and Inzoli has been permanently out of ministry since 2017.<sup id="cite_ref-:2_31-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:2-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>On 31 October 2023, officials of CL's US branch announced they had confirmed multiple cases of sexual abuse between 1997 and 2018 on the part of Christopher Bacich, who led the US branch from 2007 to 2013. CL first learned of complaints about Bacich in 2018. He has denied any fault and resigned from the movement.<sup id="cite_ref-32" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Communion_and_Liberation&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-foo-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-foo_1-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://it.clonline.org/cm-files/2017/03/14/inglese.pdf">"A Movement in the Church"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=A+Movement+in+the+Church&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fit.clonline.org%2Fcm-files%2F2017%2F03%2F14%2Finglese.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACommunion+and+Liberation" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.vatican.va/roman_curia/pontifical_councils/laity/documents/rc_pc_laity_doc_20051114_associazioni_en.html">"Recognition of the Movement status"</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Recognition+of+the+Movement+status&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.vatican.va%2Froman_curia%2Fpontifical_councils%2Flaity%2Fdocuments%2Frc_pc_laity_doc_20051114_associazioni_en.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACommunion+and+Liberation" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.laityfamilylife.va/content/laityfamilylife/en/sezione-laici/repertorio/fraternita-di-comunione-e-liberazione-.html">"Fraternity of Communion and Liberation"</a>. <i>Laityfamilylife.va</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">15 August</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Laityfamilylife.va&rft.atitle=Fraternity+of+Communion+and+Liberation&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.laityfamilylife.va%2Fcontent%2Flaityfamilylife%2Fen%2Fsezione-laici%2Frepertorio%2Ffraternita-di-comunione-e-liberazione-.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACommunion+and+Liberation" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://english.clonline.org/cl/t218/historical-timeline">"Historical Timeline"</a>. <i>English</i>. 27 June 2016<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">23 July</span> 2018</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=English&rft.atitle=Historical+Timeline&rft.date=2016-06-27&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fenglish.clonline.org%2Fcl%2Ft218%2Fhistorical-timeline&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACommunion+and+Liberation" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPaul_II2004" class="citation web cs1">Paul II, John (22 February 2004). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://w2.vatican.va/content/john-paul-ii/en/letters/2004/documents/hf_jp-ii_let_20040420_msgr-giussani.pdf">"LETTER OF JOHN PAUL II TO MSGR. LUIGI GIUSSANI ON THE OCCASION OF THE 50th ANNIVERSARY OF THE MOVEMENT "COMMUNION AND LIBERATION"<span class="cs1-kern-right"></span>"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <i>Vatican</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Vatican&rft.atitle=LETTER+OF+JOHN+PAUL+II+TO+MSGR.+LUIGI+GIUSSANI+ON+THE+OCCASION+OF+THE+50th+ANNIVERSARY+OF+THE+MOVEMENT+%22COMMUNION+AND+LIBERATION%22&rft.date=2004-02-22&rft.aulast=Paul+II&rft.aufirst=John&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fw2.vatican.va%2Fcontent%2Fjohn-paul-ii%2Fen%2Fletters%2F2004%2Fdocuments%2Fhf_jp-ii_let_20040420_msgr-giussani.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACommunion+and+Liberation" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://english.clonline.org/cl">"The Christian Proposal as the Adventure of Life"</a>. <i>English</i>. 27 June 2016<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">23 July</span> 2018</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=English&rft.atitle=The+Christian+Proposal+as+the+Adventure+of+Life&rft.date=2016-06-27&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fenglish.clonline.org%2Fcl&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACommunion+and+Liberation" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:0-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:0_7-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:0_7-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:0_7-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAlberto2017" class="citation book cs1">Alberto, Savorana (26 December 2017). <i>The life of Luigi Giussani</i>. Montreal. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0773552173" title="Special:BookSources/978-0773552173"><bdi>978-0773552173</bdi></a>. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/1028904627">1028904627</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+life+of+Luigi+Giussani&rft.place=Montreal&rft.date=2017-12-26&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F1028904627&rft.isbn=978-0773552173&rft.aulast=Alberto&rft.aufirst=Savorana&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACommunion+and+Liberation" class="Z3988"></span><span class="cs1-maint citation-comment"><code class="cs1-code">{{<a href="/wiki/Template:Cite_book" title="Template:Cite book">cite book</a>}}</code>: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (<a href="/wiki/Category:CS1_maint:_location_missing_publisher" title="Category:CS1 maint: location missing publisher">link</a>)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:1-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:1_8-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:1_8-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation book cs1"><i>Communion and liberation : a movement in the church</i>. 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Montrâeal [Que.]: Published for Cooperative Editoriale Nuovo Mondo by McGill-Queen's University Press. 2000. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780773568297" title="Special:BookSources/9780773568297"><bdi>9780773568297</bdi></a>. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/181843433">181843433</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Communion+and+liberation+%3A+a+movement+in+the+church&rft.place=Montr%C3%A2eal+%5BQue.%5D&rft.pub=Published+for+Cooperative+Editoriale+Nuovo+Mondo+by+McGill-Queen%27s+University+Press&rft.date=2000&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F181843433&rft.isbn=9780773568297&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACommunion+and+Liberation" class="Z3988"></span><span class="cs1-maint citation-comment"><code class="cs1-code">{{<a href="/wiki/Template:Cite_book" title="Template:Cite book">cite book</a>}}</code>: CS1 maint: others (<a href="/wiki/Category:CS1_maint:_others" title="Category:CS1 maint: others">link</a>)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-9">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.scritti.luigigiussani.org/en/s/nella-fedelta-al-magistero-abbiamo-sempre-voluto-portare-la-gente-a-scoprire-come-cristo-e-presenza-20050528">"Scritti di Don Luigi Giussani"</a>. <i>Scritti.luigigiussani.org</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">9 August</span> 2018</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Repubblica.it&rft.atitle=Julian+Carron%3A+%22Un%27enorme+delusione+ma+Cl+%C3%A8+agli+antipodi%22&rft.date=2015-06-11&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.repubblica.it%2Fpolitica%2F2015%2F06%2F11%2Fnews%2Fjulian_carron_un_enorme_delusione_ma_cl_e_agli_antipodi_-116584997%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACommunion+and+Liberation" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-29"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-29">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ansa.it/english/news/2016/12/22/ex-lombardy-governor-formigoni-gets-six-year-jail-term-2_10370b1e-ca85-4c3c-97a6-836d2679e0ee.html">"Ex Lombardy governor gets six years for corruption - English"</a>. <i>ANSA.it</i>. 22 December 2016<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">9 August</span> 2018</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=ANSA.it&rft.atitle=Ex+Lombardy+governor+gets+six+years+for+corruption+-+English&rft.date=2016-12-22&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ansa.it%2Fenglish%2Fnews%2F2016%2F12%2F22%2Fex-lombardy-governor-formigoni-gets-six-year-jail-term-2_10370b1e-ca85-4c3c-97a6-836d2679e0ee.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACommunion+and+Liberation" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-30"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-30">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.lastampa.it/2012/05/02/vaticaninsider/caso-formigoni-carrn-chiede-perdono-5K1TYRRYtKh0rqqecl4BJK/pagina.html">"Caso Formigoni, Carrón chiede perdono"</a>. <i>LaStampa.it</i> (in Italian)<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">9 August</span> 2018</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=LaStampa.it&rft.atitle=Caso+Formigoni%2C+Carr%C3%B3n+chiede+perdono&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.lastampa.it%2F2012%2F05%2F02%2Fvaticaninsider%2Fcaso-formigoni-carrn-chiede-perdono-5K1TYRRYtKh0rqqecl4BJK%2Fpagina.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACommunion+and+Liberation" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:2-31"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:2_31-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:2_31-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:2_31-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncronline.org/news/accountability/pope-francis-defrocks-italian-priest-convicted-child-sex-abuse">"Pope Francis defrocks Italian priest convicted of child sex abuse"</a>. <i>National Catholic Reporter</i>. 28 June 2017<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">8 August</span> 2018</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=National+Catholic+Reporter&rft.atitle=Pope+Francis+defrocks+Italian+priest+convicted+of+child+sex+abuse&rft.date=2017-06-28&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncronline.org%2Fnews%2Faccountability%2Fpope-francis-defrocks-italian-priest-convicted-child-sex-abuse&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACommunion+and+Liberation" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-32"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-32">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFChristian2023" class="citation news cs1">Christian, Gina (6 November 2023). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncronline.org/news/abuse-allegations-against-communion-and-liberation-leader-deemed-credible">"Abuse allegations against Communion and Liberation leader deemed credible"</a>. <i>National Catholic Reporter</i>. OSV News<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">8 November</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=National+Catholic+Reporter&rft.atitle=Abuse+allegations+against+Communion+and+Liberation+leader+deemed+credible&rft.date=2023-11-06&rft.aulast=Christian&rft.aufirst=Gina&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncronline.org%2Fnews%2Fabuse-allegations-against-communion-and-liberation-leader-deemed-credible&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACommunion+and+Liberation" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Communion_and_Liberation&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" 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id="Associations_of_the_Christian_faithful" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Association_of_the_Christian_faithful" title="Association of the Christian faithful">Associations of the Christian faithful</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background-color:gold;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Directory_of_International_Associations_of_the_Faithful" title="Directory of International Associations of the Faithful">International<br />associations<br />of the faithful</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/L%27Arche" title="L'Arche">L'Arche</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Catholic_Integrated_Community" title="Catholic Integrated Community">Catholic Integrated Community</a> (KIG)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chemin_Neuf_Community" title="Chemin Neuf Community">Chemin Neuf Community</a> (CCN)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christian_Life_Community" title="Christian Life Community">Christian Life Community</a> (CVX)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christian_Life_Movement" title="Christian Life Movement">Christian Life Movement</a> (CLM)</li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Communion and Liberation</a> (CL)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Community_of_Sant%27Egidio" title="Community of Sant'Egidio">Community of Sant'Egidio</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Community_of_the_Beatitudes" title="Community of the Beatitudes">Community of the Beatitudes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cooperators_of_Opus_Dei" class="mw-redirect" title="Cooperators of Opus Dei">Cooperators of Opus Dei</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Couples_for_Christ" title="Couples for Christ">Couples for Christ</a> (CFC)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cursillo" title="Cursillo">Cursillo</a> (OMCC)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Emmanuel_Community" title="Emmanuel Community">Emmanuel Community</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fimcap" title="Fimcap">Fimcap</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Focolare_Movement" title="Focolare Movement">Focolare Movement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Heralds_of_the_Gospel" title="Heralds of the Gospel">Heralds of the Gospel</a> (EP)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/International_Alliance_of_Catholic_Knights" title="International Alliance of Catholic Knights">International Alliance of Catholic Knights</a> (IACK)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/International_Catholic_Conference_of_Scouting" title="International Catholic Conference of Scouting">International Catholic Conference of Scouting</a> (ICCS)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/International_Catholic_Migration_Commission" title="International Catholic Migration Commission">International Catholic Migration Commission</a> (ICMC)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/International_Federation_of_Catholic_Universities" title="International Federation of Catholic Universities">International Federation of Catholic Universities</a> (IFCU)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Adolph_Kolping" title="Adolph Kolping">International Kolping Society</a> (IKS)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/International_Union_of_Catholic_Esperantists" title="International Union of Catholic Esperantists">International Union of Catholic Esperantists</a> (IKUE)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/International_Union_of_Guides_and_Scouts_of_Europe" title="International Union of Guides and Scouts of Europe">International Union of Guides and Scouts of Europe</a> (UIGSE-FSE)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jesus_Youth" title="Jesus Youth">Jesus Youth</a> (JY)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lay_Claretian_Movement" title="Lay Claretian Movement">Lay Claretian Movement</a> (MSC)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Legion_of_Mary" title="Legion of Mary">Legion of Mary</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Light-Life_Movement" title="Light-Life Movement">Light-Life Movement</a> (RŚŻ)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Militia_Immaculatae" title="Militia Immaculatae">Militia Immaculatae</a> (M.I.)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Regnum_Christi" title="Regnum Christi">Regnum Christi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Schoenstatt_Apostolic_Movement" title="Schoenstatt Apostolic Movement">Schoenstatt Apostolic Movement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/SIGNIS" title="SIGNIS">SIGNIS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Society_of_Saint_Vincent_de_Paul" title="Society of Saint Vincent de Paul">Society of Saint Vincent de Paul</a> (SSVP)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Teams_of_Our_Lady" title="Teams of Our Lady">Teams of Our Lady</a> (END)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pedro_Poveda_Castroverde#Teresian_Association" title="Pedro Poveda Castroverde">Teresian Association</a> (T.A.)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Union_of_Catholic_Apostolate" title="Union of Catholic Apostolate">Union of Catholic Apostolate</a> (UAC)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/World_Movement_of_Christian_Workers" title="World Movement of Christian Workers">World Movement of Christian Workers</a> (WMCW)</li></ul> </div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="2" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Emblem_of_the_Papacy_SE.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/81/Emblem_of_the_Papacy_SE.svg/75px-Emblem_of_the_Papacy_SE.svg.png" decoding="async" width="75" height="102" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/81/Emblem_of_the_Papacy_SE.svg/113px-Emblem_of_the_Papacy_SE.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/81/Emblem_of_the_Papacy_SE.svg/150px-Emblem_of_the_Papacy_SE.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="815" data-file-height="1105" /></a></span></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background-color:gold;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Association_of_the_Christian_faithful" title="Association of the Christian faithful">Other associations<br />of the faithful</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Apostolate_for_Family_Consecration" title="Apostolate for Family 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