CINXE.COM

<!DOCTYPE html><html dir="ltr" lang="en"><head><meta charSet="utf-8"/><meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0"/><meta http-equiv="X-UA-Compatible" content="IE=edge"/><script>var McKinsey = {"ArticleTemplate":"Legacy","DaysSinceCMSPublication":"629","DisplayDate":"1/19/2021","OriginalPublicationDate":"1/19/2021","SitecoreId":"{7E9F6513-3225-491F-AE2B-DEF0D16DC26D}","Title":"A call to action: Opportunities and challenges for CGTs in Europe","ArticleType":"Article","ContentType":"Article","ServerNumber":"","IsPageRestricted":"true","UserID":"","RegistrationDate":"","LoginStatus":"logged_out","JobTitle":"","CompanyName":"","blogTags":null,"enableRegWall":false}; var pageMetaInformation = {"CurrentLanguage":"en","AlternateLanguages":[{"DisplayName":"English","LanguageCode":"en","Url":"/industries/life-sciences/our-insights/a-call-to-action-opportunities-and-challenges-for-cgts-in-europe"}],"NavigationLink":"industries","ActiveItemId":"{BB8498AC-8CC4-4BFB-8832-53C76F3E61CF}","OfficeCode":"","MiniSiteId":"{CDBF3A89-AE60-459E-ACF8-786E31307534}"};</script><link rel="icon" href="/favicon.ico"/><link href="https://www.mckinsey.com/redesign/resources/css/styles-rc.css" rel="stylesheet"/><link rel="manifest" href="/manifest.json"/><link rel="dns-prefetch" href="//cdn.dynamicyield.com"/><link rel="dns-prefetch" href="//st.dynamicyield.com"/><link rel="dns-prefetch" href="//rcom.dynamicyield.com"/><link rel="dns-prefetch" href="//cdn.cookielaw.org"/><link rel="preconnect" href="//assets.adobedtm.com"/><link rel="preconnect" href="//connect.facebook.net"/><link rel="preconnect" href="//static.hotjar.com"/><link rel="preload" as="font" href="/next-static/fonts/bower/Bower-Bold.woff2" type="font/woff2" crossorigin=""/><link rel="preload" as="font" href="/next-static/fonts/mckinsey-sans/regular/McKinseySans-Regular.woff2" type="font/woff2" crossorigin=""/><link rel="preload" as="font" href="/next-static/fonts/mckinsey-sans/medium/McKinseySans-Medium.woff2" type="font/woff2" crossorigin=""/><link rel="preload" as="font" href="/next-static/fonts/mckinsey-sans/light/McKinseySans-Light.woff2" type="font/woff2" crossorigin=""/><link rel="preload" as="font" href="/next-static/fonts/mckinsey-sans/italic/McKinseySans-Italic.woff2" type="font/woff2" crossorigin=""/><link rel="preload" as="font" href="/next-static/fonts/mckinsey-sans/light-italic/McKinseySans-LightItalic.woff2" type="font/woff2" crossorigin=""/><link rel="preload" as="font" href="/next-static/fonts/mckinsey-sans/medium-italic/McKinseySans-MediumItalic.woff2" type="font/woff2" crossorigin=""/><link rel="preload" as="font" href="/next-static/fonts/noto-sans-jp/NotoSansJP-Light.ttf" type="font/ttf" crossorigin=""/><link rel="preload" as="font" href="/next-static/fonts/noto-sans-jp/NotoSansJP-Regular.ttf" type="font/ttf" crossorigin=""/><link rel="preload" as="font" href="/next-static/fonts/noto-sans-jp/NotoSansJP-Medium.ttf" type="font/ttf" crossorigin=""/><link rel="preload" as="font" href="/next-static/fonts/noto-sans-jp/NotoSansJP-Bold.ttf" type="font/ttf" crossorigin=""/><link rel="preload" as="font" href="/next-static/fonts/noto-sans-jp/NotoSansJP-Black.ttf" type="font/ttf" crossorigin=""/><link rel="preload" as="font" href="/next-static/fonts/noto-serif-jp/NotoSerifJP-Bold.ttf" type="font/ttf" crossorigin=""/><meta name="apple-itunes-app" content="app-id=674902075"/><link rel="apple-touch-icon" sizes="57x57" href="/next-static/images/mck-touch-icon-57x57.png"/><link rel="apple-touch-icon" sizes="72x72" href="/next-static/images/mck-touch-icon-72x72.png"/><link rel="apple-touch-icon" sizes="114x114" href="/next-static/images/mck-touch-icon-114x114.png"/><link rel="apple-touch-icon" sizes="144x144" href="/next-static/images/mck-touch-icon-144x144.png"/><link rel="apple-touch-icon" sizes="152x152" href="/next-static/images/mck-touch-icon-152x152.png"/><link rel="apple-touch-icon" sizes="167x167" href="/next-static/images/mck-touch-icon-167x167.png"/><link rel="apple-touch-icon" sizes="180x180" href="/next-static/images/mck-touch-icon-180x180.png"/><meta content="no-referrer-when-downgrade" name="referrer"/><meta content="McKinsey & Company" property="og:site_name" name="site_name"/><meta content="A call to action: Opportunities and challenges for CGTs in Europe" property="og:title" name="title"/><meta content="The speed of breakthroughs in cell and gene therapy in pharmaceuticals and medical products that create advances in European healthcare could depend on how quickly some uniquely European challenges are addressed." property="og:description" name="description"/><meta content="https://www.mckinsey.com/industries/life-sciences/our-insights/a-call-to-action-opportunities-and-challenges-for-cgts-in-europe" name="url" property="og:url"/><meta content="index,follow,all" name="robots"/><meta content="https://www.mckinsey.com/~/media/mckinsey/industries/life%20sciences/our%20insights/a%20call%20to%20action%20opportunities%20and%20challenges%20for%20cgts%20in%20europe/cgts-in-europe-1536x1536.jpg" property="og:image" name="image"/><meta content="{7E9F6513-3225-491F-AE2B-DEF0D16DC26D}" name="sid"/><link href="https://www.mckinsey.com/industries/life-sciences/our-insights/a-call-to-action-opportunities-and-challenges-for-cgts-in-europe" rel="canonical"/><meta content="Life Sciences" name="practice-name"/><meta content="N20" name="practice-code"/><meta content="summary_large_image" name="twitter:card"/><meta content="@mckinsey" name="twitter:site"/><title>Opportunities and challenges for Cell Gene Therapies in Pharmaceuticals and Medical Products in Europe | McKinsey</title><meta content="Insights & Publications" name="sections"/><meta content="A call to action: Opportunities and challenges for CGTs in Europe" name="twitter:title"/><meta content="The speed of breakthroughs in cell and gene therapy in pharmaceuticals and medical products that create advances in European healthcare could depend on how quickly some uniquely European challenges are addressed." name="twitter:description"/><meta content="Article" property="contenttype" name="contenttype"/><meta content="https://www.mckinsey.com/~/media/mckinsey/industries/life%20sciences/our%20insights/a%20call%20to%20action%20opportunities%20and%20challenges%20for%20cgts%20in%20europe/cgts-in-europe-1536x1536.jpg?mw=677&car=42:25" name="twitter:image"/><meta content="A call to action: Opportunities and challenges for CGTs in Europe" name="twitter:image:alt"/><meta content="true" name="mobileready"/><meta content="public" name="accesslevel"/><meta content="false" name="excludefromclientlink"/><meta content="article" name="articletype"/><meta content="Alberto Loche | Nils Paolucci | Nils Peters | Lieven Van der Veken" name="authors-name"/><meta content="2021-01-19T00:00:00Z" name="itemdate"/><meta content="Life Sciences | Article | January 19, 2021" name="searchresults-tags"/><script type="application/ld+json">{"@context":"https://schema.org","@type":"Article","url":"https://www.mckinsey.com","publisher":{"@type":"Organization","name":"McKinsey & Company","logo":{"@type":"ImageObject","url":"https://www.mckinsey.com/~/media/Thumbnails/Mck_Logo"}},"mainEntityOfPage":{"@type":"WebPage","@id":"https://www.mckinsey.com/industries/life-sciences/our-insights/a-call-to-action-opportunities-and-challenges-for-cgts-in-europe"},"datePublished":"2021-01-19T00:00:00Z","dateCreated":"2021-01-15T17:42:08Z","dateModified":"2021-01-19T00:00:00Z","heading":"A call to action: Opportunities and challenges for CGTs in Europe","image":"https://www.mckinsey.com/~/media/mckinsey/industries/life%20sciences/our%20insights/a%20call%20to%20action%20opportunities%20and%20challenges%20for%20cgts%20in%20europe/cgts-in-europe-1536x1536.jpg","description":"The speed of breakthroughs in cell and gene therapy in pharmaceuticals and medical products that create advances in European healthcare could depend on how quickly some uniquely European challenges are addressed.","author":[{"@type":"Person","name":"Alberto Loche"},{"@type":"Person","name":"Nils Paolucci"},{"@type":"Person","name":"Nils Peters","url":"https://www.mckinsey.com/our-people/nils-peters"},{"@type":"Person","name":"Lieven Van der Veken","url":"https://www.mckinsey.com/our-people/lieven-van-der-veken"}]}</script><meta name="next-head-count" content="63"/><meta name="next-font-preconnect"/><script src="" id="onetrust-wrapperchecker" data-nscript="beforeInteractive">function OptanonWrapperChecker() {}</script><link rel="preload" href="/_next/static/css/e0c1ca92b5263a45.css" as="style"/><link rel="stylesheet" href="/_next/static/css/e0c1ca92b5263a45.css" data-n-g=""/><link rel="preload" href="/_next/static/css/985443d8095c0b48.css" as="style"/><link rel="stylesheet" href="/_next/static/css/985443d8095c0b48.css" data-n-p=""/><link rel="preload" href="/_next/static/css/b9ab7b649e8aa36e.css" as="style"/><link rel="stylesheet" href="/_next/static/css/b9ab7b649e8aa36e.css"/><link rel="preload" href="/_next/static/css/72fc56b1fbe032aa.css" as="style"/><link rel="stylesheet" href="/_next/static/css/72fc56b1fbe032aa.css"/><link rel="preload" href="/_next/static/css/5e45d445fc213154.css" as="style"/><link rel="stylesheet" href="/_next/static/css/5e45d445fc213154.css"/><link rel="preload" href="/_next/static/css/06ae37db5ebc260c.css" as="style"/><link rel="stylesheet" href="/_next/static/css/06ae37db5ebc260c.css"/><noscript data-n-css=""></noscript><script defer="" nomodule="" src="/_next/static/chunks/polyfills-5cd94c89d3acac5f.js"></script><script src="https://cdn.cookielaw.org/scripttemplates/otSDKStub.js" data-document-language="true" type="text/javascript" data-domain-script="915b5091-0d7e-44d2-a8c4-cf08267e52fe" defer="" data-nscript="beforeInteractive"></script><script defer="" src="/_next/static/chunks/281.cc3ac8578a543e8e.js"></script><script defer="" src="/_next/static/chunks/6731.9bccca8a7edb0704.js"></script><script defer="" src="/_next/static/chunks/8391.a64dec5b7b976b97.js"></script><script defer="" src="/_next/static/chunks/8578.3a4bfe7b76c8d5b2.js"></script><script src="/_next/static/chunks/webpack.7b31c4548c626f3b.js" defer=""></script><script src="/_next/static/chunks/framework.62bbe2ca94854a85.js" defer=""></script><script src="/_next/static/chunks/main.51e10588adc949ca.js" defer=""></script><script src="/_next/static/chunks/pages/_app.5f99628c3d07543d.js" defer=""></script><script src="/_next/static/chunks/3b1baa31.cd6cdac6158774d8.js" defer=""></script><script src="/_next/static/chunks/7d0bf13e.8f3383787afb45af.js" defer=""></script><script src="/_next/static/chunks/1354.c34ddc4bd7c986c8.js" defer=""></script><script src="/_next/static/chunks/408.2780008a4c2ee197.js" defer=""></script><script src="/_next/static/chunks/pages/%5B%5B...path%5D%5D.eb738e7c87df0dc8.js" defer=""></script><script src="/_next/static/9vYT_fWQKRjfPT7lAZJdB/_buildManifest.js" defer=""></script><script src="/_next/static/9vYT_fWQKRjfPT7lAZJdB/_ssgManifest.js" defer=""></script><script src="/_next/static/9vYT_fWQKRjfPT7lAZJdB/_middlewareManifest.js" defer=""></script> <script>(window.BOOMR_mq=window.BOOMR_mq||[]).push(["addVar",{"rua.upush":"false","rua.cpush":"false","rua.upre":"false","rua.cpre":"false","rua.uprl":"false","rua.cprl":"false","rua.cprf":"false","rua.trans":"","rua.cook":"false","rua.ims":"false","rua.ufprl":"false","rua.cfprl":"false","rua.isuxp":"false","rua.texp":"norulematch","rua.ceh":"false","rua.ueh":"false","rua.ieh.st":"0"}]);</script> <script>!function(a){var e="https://s.go-mpulse.net/boomerang/",t="addEventListener";if("False"=="True")a.BOOMR_config=a.BOOMR_config||{},a.BOOMR_config.PageParams=a.BOOMR_config.PageParams||{},a.BOOMR_config.PageParams.pci=!0,e="https://s2.go-mpulse.net/boomerang/";if(window.BOOMR_API_key="TURRK-8ADJT-WDUC5-TC32E-KV9ND",function(){function n(e){a.BOOMR_onload=e&&e.timeStamp||(new Date).getTime()}if(!a.BOOMR||!a.BOOMR.version&&!a.BOOMR.snippetExecuted){a.BOOMR=a.BOOMR||{},a.BOOMR.snippetExecuted=!0;var i,_,o,r=document.createElement("iframe");if(a[t])a[t]("load",n,!1);else if(a.attachEvent)a.attachEvent("onload",n);r.src="javascript:void(0)",r.title="",r.role="presentation",(r.frameElement||r).style.cssText="width:0;height:0;border:0;display:none;",o=document.getElementsByTagName("script")[0],o.parentNode.insertBefore(r,o);try{_=r.contentWindow.document}catch(O){i=document.domain,r.src="javascript:var d=document.open();d.domain='"+i+"';void(0);",_=r.contentWindow.document}_.open()._l=function(){var a=this.createElement("script");if(i)this.domain=i;a.id="boomr-if-as",a.src=e+"TURRK-8ADJT-WDUC5-TC32E-KV9ND",BOOMR_lstart=(new Date).getTime(),this.body.appendChild(a)},_.write("<bo"+'dy onload="document._l();">'),_.close()}}(),"".length>0)if(a&&"performance"in a&&a.performance&&"function"==typeof a.performance.setResourceTimingBufferSize)a.performance.setResourceTimingBufferSize();!function(){if(BOOMR=a.BOOMR||{},BOOMR.plugins=BOOMR.plugins||{},!BOOMR.plugins.AK){var e=""=="true"?1:0,t="",n="bdpnbeqxgy4diz2ckseq-f-0a0e3d9df-clientnsv4-s.akamaihd.net",i="false"=="true"?2:1,_={"ak.v":"39","ak.cp":"19387","ak.ai":parseInt("285213",10),"ak.ol":"0","ak.cr":4,"ak.ipv":4,"ak.proto":"http/1.1","ak.rid":"231565f9","ak.r":37669,"ak.a2":e,"ak.m":"a","ak.n":"essl","ak.bpcip":"8.222.208.0","ak.cport":49722,"ak.gh":"23.53.33.206","ak.quicv":"","ak.tlsv":"tls1.2","ak.0rtt":"","ak.0rtt.ed":"","ak.csrc":"-","ak.acc":"reno","ak.t":"1732400265","ak.ak":"hOBiQwZUYzCg5VSAfCLimQ==sOWPPKTGgZhloWTfv8+sXONQM29ZH5Vj06yC/TAWPE/UMA6p8YWl5qNgwidLAgNPusXWEIqfbSzRMHwXFQ7uauhgBXfFdtyEgp/GqydKaHHK7QyhkDPfsq4iidXo2lamb+yjGFBcoAgaEVpeAs07P1trOUtFGhgdcmsHL0WmrP2+Gnt3OpuBRnsoLHN0ndAgVPn4BOg8EZKjVejxtpERdd5Vc2S+PkuXM8AOS4zm4RFU/MO/tqS91bOYrdQJVBaFTvPpO7JWuIh0yk/WnccPVMiPVdLxRatjKPVd26oucesWz1De2xUCZF83YH7jOR8H6z/F09d0BTnlzJEm6aeV++OoNrPt+xoZFyqogMqj7/xUiytF9N//R6apgPU605TJMioGCLjkXDSYd4vQPhlIUWPE9tYWBPLuvn9G552yXLo=","ak.pv":"581","ak.dpoabenc":"","ak.tf":i};if(""!==t)_["ak.ruds"]=t;var o={i:!1,av:function(e){var t="http.initiator";if(e&&(!e[t]||"spa_hard"===e[t]))_["ak.feo"]=void 0!==a.aFeoApplied?1:0,BOOMR.addVar(_)},rv:function(){var a=["ak.bpcip","ak.cport","ak.cr","ak.csrc","ak.gh","ak.ipv","ak.m","ak.n","ak.ol","ak.proto","ak.quicv","ak.tlsv","ak.0rtt","ak.0rtt.ed","ak.r","ak.acc","ak.t","ak.tf"];BOOMR.removeVar(a)}};BOOMR.plugins.AK={akVars:_,akDNSPreFetchDomain:n,init:function(){if(!o.i){var a=BOOMR.subscribe;a("before_beacon",o.av,null,null),a("onbeacon",o.rv,null,null),o.i=!0}return this},is_complete:function(){return!0}}}}()}(window);</script></head><body><div id="__next" data-reactroot=""><div class="Layout_mck-c-skipbar__K684J"><a data-component="mdc-c-link" href="#skipToMain" class="mdc-c-button___U4iY2_2734c4f mdc-c-button--primary___Ed-lT_2734c4f mdc-c-button--size-medium"><span class="mdc-c-link__label___Pfqtd_2734c4f">Skip to main content</span></a></div><main class="mck-o-container--outer" data-layer-region="body" role="main" id="skipToMain"><div data-component="mdc-c-module-wrapper" data-module-theme="dark" data-module-background="deep-blue" data-module-category="AnchoredHero" class="ArticleDefault_mck-c-article-default__SfYQE"><style></style><div data-component="mdc-c-background-image" class="mdc-c-bg-image___GJdv1_2734c4f background-image-article-default ArticleDefault_mck-c-article-default__parallax-container__fZ7Iq"></div><div class="ArticleDefault_mck-c-article-default__gradient__Uu21n"></div><div class="ArticleDefault_mck-c-article-default__wrapper-content__XOe9C"><div class="mck-o-container"><div class="mck-o-container--wrapped mck-o-container--mobile-spacing mdc-u-grid mdc-u-grid-col-lg-12"><div data-component="mdc-c-content-block" class="mdc-c-content-block___7p6Lu_2734c4f mdc-u-grid-col-lg-start-1 mdc-u-grid-col-lg-span-10"><div><h1 data-component="mdc-c-heading" class="mdc-c-heading___0fM1W_2734c4f mdc-u-ts-2 mck-u-animation-slide-down ArticleDefault_mck-c-article-default__heading__bv6rL"><div>A call to action: Opportunities and challenges for CGTs in Europe</div></h1></div><div data-component="mdc-c-description" class="mdc-c-description___SrnQP_2734c4f mdc-u-ts-10 mck-u-animation-blur-in-800 ArticleDefault_mck-c-article-default__description__sjoe9"><div><time datetime="2021-01-19T00:00:00Z">January 19, 2021</time> | Article</div></div></div></div></div></div></div><div class="mck-o-container"><div class="mck-o-container--wrapped mck-o-container--mobile-spacing mdc-u-grid mdc-u-grid-gutter-xxl"><section data-layer-region="article-body-header" class="mdc-u-grid mdc-u-grid-col-md-12 mck-u-animation-blur-in-400 byline-share-container"><div class="mdc-u-grid-col-md-start-2 mdc-u-grid-col-md-end-8 mdc-u-grid-col-lg-start-3 mdc-u-grid-col-lg-end-8 mdc-u-ts-9"><span> </span><span class="AuthorsByLine_mck-c-authors-byline__author__XdrlD"><span class="AuthorsByLine_mck-c-authors-byline__no-wrap__Ced0j">Alberto Loche </span></span><span class="AuthorsByLine_mck-c-authors-byline__author__XdrlD"><span class="AuthorsByLine_mck-c-authors-byline__no-wrap__Ced0j">Nils Paolucci </span></span><span class="AuthorsByLine_mck-c-authors-byline__author__XdrlD"><span class="AuthorsByLine_mck-c-authors-byline__no-wrap__Ced0j"><a data-component="mdc-c-link" href="/our-people/nils-peters" class="mdc-c-link-inline___7DRrt_2734c4f mdc-c-link-inline--secondary___YKoOK_2734c4f"><span class="mdc-c-link__label___Pfqtd_2734c4f">Nils Peters</span></a><span> </span></span></span><span class="AuthorsByLine_mck-c-authors-byline__author__XdrlD"><span class="AuthorsByLine_mck-c-authors-byline__no-wrap__Ced0j"><a data-component="mdc-c-link" href="/our-people/lieven-van-der-veken" class="mdc-c-link-inline___7DRrt_2734c4f mdc-c-link-inline--secondary___YKoOK_2734c4f"><span class="mdc-c-link__label___Pfqtd_2734c4f">Lieven Van der Veken</span></a></span></span></div><div class="mdc-u-grid-col-md-start-8 mdc-u-grid-col-md-end-12 mdc-u-grid-col-lg-start-8 mdc-u-grid-col-lg-end-11 ArticleContent_mck-c-article-content__share-tools__kWRRw"></div></section><section class="mdc-u-grid mdc-u-grid-col-md-12 mck-u-animation-blur-in-400"><div class="mdc-u-grid-col-md-start-2 mdc-u-grid-col-md-end-12 mdc-u-grid-col-lg-start-3 mdc-u-grid-col-lg-end-11"><div data-component="mdc-c-description" class="mdc-c-description___SrnQP_2734c4f mdc-u-ts-5"><div class="mck-u-links-inline">The speed at which scientific breakthroughs in cell and gene therapy translate into advances in European healthcare could depend on how quickly stakeholders address some uniquely European challenges.</div></div></div></section><main data-layer-region="article-body" class="mdc-u-grid mdc-u-grid-gutter-xxl"><div class="mdc-u-grid mdc-u-grid-col-1 mdc-u-grid-col-md-12"><div class="mdc-u-grid-col-md-start-2 mdc-u-grid-col-md-end-12 mdc-u-grid-col-lg-start-3 mdc-u-grid-col-lg-end-11"><div class="mdc-o-content-body mck-u-dropcap"><div data-component="mdc-c-module-wrapper" data-module-theme="default" data-module-background="transparent" data-module-category="" class="DownloadsSidebar_mck-c-downloads-sidebar__iFmyt mck-o-xs-right-span"><div data-layer-region="downloads-right-rail"><h3 data-component="mdc-c-heading" class="mdc-c-heading___0fM1W_2734c4f mdc-c-heading--title___5qyOB_2734c4f mdc-c-heading--border___K8dj3_2734c4f"></h3><div><div data-component="mdc-c-link-container" class="mdc-c-link-container___xefGu_2734c4f"><a data-component="mdc-c-link" href="#/download/%2F~%2Fmedia%2Fmckinsey%2Findustries%2Flife%20sciences%2Four%20insights%2Fa%20call%20to%20action%20opportunities%20and%20challenges%20for%20cgts%20in%20europe%2Fa-call-to-action-opportunities-and-challenges-for-cgts-in-europe.pdf%3FshouldIndex%3Dfalse" class="DownloadsSidebar_mck-c-downloads-sidebar__download-link__fPqFQ mdc-c-link___lBbY1_2734c4f" target="_self" data-layer-event-prefix="Download Link" data-layer-action="click" data-layer-report-type="" data-layer-file-name="a-call-to-action-opportunities-and-challenges-for-cgts-in-europe" data-layer-report-name="a-call-to-action-opportunities-and-challenges-for-cgts-in-europe>"><span data-component="mdc-c-icon" class="mdc-c-icon___oi7ef_2734c4f mdc-c-icon--size-md___yi5fA_2734c4f mck-download-icon"></span><span class="mdc-c-link__label___Pfqtd_2734c4f"> (10 pages)</span></a></div></div></div></div> <p><strong>Recent years have seen</strong> a steady acceleration in the number of cell and gene therapies (CGTs) on the market (Exhibit 1). More than 75 had been launched (including launches in individual markets, such as Japan, Russia, and South Korea) by the end of 2019. Many more are in development, offering the hope of revolutionary healthcare.</p>  <p>Foremost is the hope CGTs offer to patients suffering from serious, often rare, and previously unaddressed diseases. Of the 59 Phase III pipeline assets analyzed, 32 target at least one rare indication. Important too is the fact that some therapies will likely be curative, replacing lifelong treatment of chronic disease with the administration of a limited number of doses or even just one—a huge benefit to patients as well as overburdened healthcare systems. Novartis’s often-cited gene therapy Zolgensma, for example, has the potential to act as a single-dose cure for patients with spinal muscular atrophy.</p> <div data-component="mdc-c-module-wrapper" data-module-theme="default" data-module-background="transparent" data-module-category="" class="mck-c-inline-module-container mck-o-md-center"><div class="mdc-u-grid mdc-u-grid-gutter-lg mdc-u-grid-col-sm-1 mdc-u-grid--align-start mdc-u-mb-3 GenericItem_mck-c-generic-item__sGwKL"><div data-component="mdc-c-content-block" class="mdc-c-content-block___7p6Lu_2734c4f mdc-u-grid-gutter-xs GenericItem_mck-c-generic-item__content__gq1m0"><div class="mck-c-eyebrow mdc-u-ts-10"><span> 1</span></div></div></div><div class="mck-u-inline-module-border-top mck-u-inline-module-border-bottom"><picture data-component="mdc-c-picture" class="Exhibit_mck-c-exhibit__image__pyIDm"><source media="(min-width: 768px)" srcSet="/~/media/mckinsey/industries/life%20sciences/our%20insights/a%20call%20to%20action%20opportunities%20and%20challenges%20for%20cgts%20in%20europe/svgz-cellgenetherapies-ex1.svgz?cq=50&cpy=Center"/><img alt="The number of cell and gene therapies launched globally has steadily increased." src="/~/media/mckinsey/industries/life%20sciences/our%20insights/a%20call%20to%20action%20opportunities%20and%20challenges%20for%20cgts%20in%20europe/svgz-cellgenetherapies-ex1.svgz?cq=50&cpy=Center" loading="lazy"/></picture></div><div class="mck-u-sr-only"></div></div>  <p>Then there is the possibility that, as technology advances, development time and costs for new therapies will be slashed. Rather than starting with a clean-sheet development process for every new compound targeting a specific disease, technology platforms will be able to target many different diseases. Viral-vector platforms that target a range of diseases in gene therapy are already being developed.</p> <p>Yet, despite such early promise, the extent to which scientific breakthroughs in CGT will translate into similar advances in European healthcare remains uncertain. The adoption of CGT in Europe faces the same challenges as elsewhere: technical issues, high costs, and concerns about long-term safety, for example. But there are also specific European factors that impede the development of a vibrant CGT sector on the continent, and that will need to be addressed to speed the acceptance of life-changing therapies (Exhibit 2).</p> <div data-component="mdc-c-module-wrapper" data-module-theme="default" data-module-background="transparent" data-module-category="" class="mck-c-inline-module-container mck-o-md-center"><div class="mdc-u-grid mdc-u-grid-gutter-lg mdc-u-grid-col-sm-1 mdc-u-grid--align-start mdc-u-mb-3 GenericItem_mck-c-generic-item__sGwKL"><div data-component="mdc-c-content-block" class="mdc-c-content-block___7p6Lu_2734c4f mdc-u-grid-gutter-xs GenericItem_mck-c-generic-item__content__gq1m0"><div class="mck-c-eyebrow mdc-u-ts-10"><span> 2</span></div></div></div><div class="mck-u-inline-module-border-top mck-u-inline-module-border-bottom"><picture data-component="mdc-c-picture" class="Exhibit_mck-c-exhibit__image__pyIDm"><source media="(min-width: 768px)" srcSet="/~/media/mckinsey/industries/life%20sciences/our%20insights/a%20call%20to%20action%20opportunities%20and%20challenges%20for%20cgts%20in%20europe/svgz-cellgenetherapies-ex2.svgz?cq=50&cpy=Center"/><img alt="Specific European factors that impede the development of cell and gene therapies will need to be addressed to accelerate acceptance of these therapies." src="/~/media/mckinsey/industries/life%20sciences/our%20insights/a%20call%20to%20action%20opportunities%20and%20challenges%20for%20cgts%20in%20europe/svgz-cellgenetherapies-ex2.svgz?cq=50&cpy=Center" loading="lazy"/></picture></div><div class="mck-u-sr-only"></div></div> <h2>The European CGT landscape</h2> <p>The unmet need for CGTs in Europe is significant. The estimated patient population for just four indications addressed by CGTs today is 385,000, roughly three times as large as the equivalent US cohort (Exhibit 3).<span class="FootNote_footnote-holder__tjRqy"><a aria-label="footnote" href="javascript:void(0);" class="FootNote_footnote-wrapper__AIRwL undefined FootNote_inactive__VZfCp" aria-describedby="3e24c64c-4e5a-4ab2-af01-303a784ac164"><sup class="FootNote_footnotesup__e73z_">1</sup><span class="FootNote_notch-wrapper__b_5NS"><span class="FootNote_notch__omKtY"></span></span><span class="FootNote_tooltip__QtrbA mdc-u-mt-2"><span class="FootNote_footnote-content__r2OVl"><span id="3e24c64c-4e5a-4ab2-af01-303a784ac164" aria-hidden="true" data-module-theme="light" class="FootNote_footnote-text__VjKgO mck-u-links-inline">The difference in disease prevalence is partly accounted for by population size (the US population is approximately half that of Europe). However, different countries also have different levels of certain diseases due to their gene pools. Beta-thalassemia, for example, is particularly prevalent in Mediterranean countries. See Renzo Galanello and Raffaella Origa, “Beta-thalassemia,” <em>Orphanet Journal of Rare Diseases</em>, 2010, Volume 5, Number 11, ojrd.biomedcentral.com. </span></span></span></a></span></p> <div data-component="mdc-c-module-wrapper" data-module-theme="default" data-module-background="transparent" data-module-category="" class="mck-c-inline-module-container mck-o-md-center"><div class="mdc-u-grid mdc-u-grid-gutter-lg mdc-u-grid-col-sm-1 mdc-u-grid--align-start mdc-u-mb-3 GenericItem_mck-c-generic-item__sGwKL"><div data-component="mdc-c-content-block" class="mdc-c-content-block___7p6Lu_2734c4f mdc-u-grid-gutter-xs GenericItem_mck-c-generic-item__content__gq1m0"><div class="mck-c-eyebrow mdc-u-ts-10"><span> 3</span></div></div></div><div class="mck-u-inline-module-border-top mck-u-inline-module-border-bottom"><picture data-component="mdc-c-picture" class="Exhibit_mck-c-exhibit__image__pyIDm"><source media="(min-width: 768px)" srcSet="/~/media/mckinsey/industries/life%20sciences/our%20insights/a%20call%20to%20action%20opportunities%20and%20challenges%20for%20cgts%20in%20europe/svgz-cellgenetherapies-ex3.svgz?cq=50&cpy=Center"/><img alt="The absolute unmet need for cell and gene therapies in Europe is estimated to clearly exceed that in the United States." src="/~/media/mckinsey/industries/life%20sciences/our%20insights/a%20call%20to%20action%20opportunities%20and%20challenges%20for%20cgts%20in%20europe/svgz-cellgenetherapies-ex3.svgz?cq=50&cpy=Center" loading="lazy"/></picture></div><div class="mck-u-sr-only"></div></div> <p>European authorities are keen to support new treatments that target currently underserved disease areas. Hence, the European Medicines Agency (EMA) has granted orphan status to the majority of CGT drugs in development. And it has performed an accelerated assessment of several therapies, including two cell therapies for treating aggressive B-cell lymphomas—Novartis’s Kymriah and Gilead’s Yescarta—and one ex vivo gene therapy, Bluebird Bio’s Zynteglo, which treats the rare blood disorder beta-thalassemia (Exhibit 4). As Exhibit 5 shows, rapid assessments have reduced CGT approval timelines in Europe significantly, bringing them below the EU average (though still not below the US average).</p> <div data-component="mdc-c-module-wrapper" data-module-theme="default" data-module-background="transparent" data-module-category="" class="mck-c-inline-module-container mck-o-md-center"><div class="mdc-u-grid mdc-u-grid-gutter-lg mdc-u-grid-col-sm-1 mdc-u-grid--align-start mdc-u-mb-3 GenericItem_mck-c-generic-item__sGwKL"><div data-component="mdc-c-content-block" class="mdc-c-content-block___7p6Lu_2734c4f mdc-u-grid-gutter-xs GenericItem_mck-c-generic-item__content__gq1m0"><div class="mck-c-eyebrow mdc-u-ts-10"><span> 4</span></div></div></div><div class="mck-u-inline-module-border-top mck-u-inline-module-border-bottom"><picture data-component="mdc-c-picture" class="Exhibit_mck-c-exhibit__image__pyIDm"><source media="(min-width: 768px)" srcSet="/~/media/mckinsey/industries/life%20sciences/our%20insights/a%20call%20to%20action%20opportunities%20and%20challenges%20for%20cgts%20in%20europe/svgz-cellgenetherapies-ex4.svgz?cq=50&cpy=Center"/><img alt="Most approved cell and gene therapies have obtained EMA orphan status." src="/~/media/mckinsey/industries/life%20sciences/our%20insights/a%20call%20to%20action%20opportunities%20and%20challenges%20for%20cgts%20in%20europe/svgz-cellgenetherapies-ex4.svgz?cq=50&cpy=Center" loading="lazy"/></picture></div><div class="mck-u-sr-only"></div></div> <div data-component="mdc-c-module-wrapper" data-module-theme="default" data-module-background="transparent" data-module-category="" class="mck-c-inline-module-container mck-o-md-center"><div class="mdc-u-grid mdc-u-grid-gutter-lg mdc-u-grid-col-sm-1 mdc-u-grid--align-start mdc-u-mb-3 GenericItem_mck-c-generic-item__sGwKL"><div data-component="mdc-c-content-block" class="mdc-c-content-block___7p6Lu_2734c4f mdc-u-grid-gutter-xs GenericItem_mck-c-generic-item__content__gq1m0"><div class="mck-c-eyebrow mdc-u-ts-10"><span> 5</span></div></div></div><div class="mck-u-inline-module-border-top mck-u-inline-module-border-bottom"><picture data-component="mdc-c-picture" class="Exhibit_mck-c-exhibit__image__pyIDm"><source media="(min-width: 768px)" srcSet="/~/media/mckinsey/industries/life%20sciences/our%20insights/a%20call%20to%20action%20opportunities%20and%20challenges%20for%20cgts%20in%20europe/svgz-cellgenetherapies-ex5.svgz?cq=50&cpy=Center"/><img alt="Accelerated reviews by the European Medicines Agency have made a significant difference in expediting approval of cell and gene therapies." src="/~/media/mckinsey/industries/life%20sciences/our%20insights/a%20call%20to%20action%20opportunities%20and%20challenges%20for%20cgts%20in%20europe/svgz-cellgenetherapies-ex5.svgz?cq=50&cpy=Center" loading="lazy"/></picture></div><div class="mck-u-sr-only"></div></div> <p>Against this encouraging backdrop, however, the European CGT industry faces some specific challenges.<span class="FootNote_footnote-holder__tjRqy"><a aria-label="footnote" href="javascript:void(0);" class="FootNote_footnote-wrapper__AIRwL undefined FootNote_inactive__VZfCp" aria-describedby="efb07ae5-3d5e-437d-a30c-d3d8be6b5867"><sup class="FootNote_footnotesup__e73z_">2</sup><span class="FootNote_notch-wrapper__b_5NS"><span class="FootNote_notch__omKtY"></span></span><span class="FootNote_tooltip__QtrbA mdc-u-mt-2"><span class="FootNote_footnote-content__r2OVl"><span id="efb07ae5-3d5e-437d-a30c-d3d8be6b5867" aria-hidden="true" data-module-theme="light" class="FootNote_footnote-text__VjKgO mck-u-links-inline">This article does not discuss the impact of Brexit on the CGT sector within the European Union. The United Kingdom is a leader in CGT: since 2012, one-third of all new biotech companies in Europe have been launched there. However, at the time of writing, its terms of future trade with the European Union had not been settled, so the potential impact on European CGT is unknown. See <em>Biotech in Europe: Scaling innovation 2019</em>, 20th Annual Bio€quity Europe, Barcelona, Spain, May 20–21, 2019, cms.biocentury.com. </span></span></span></a></span></p> <h3>Turning research strength into market strength</h3> <p>Europe is home to 16 of the top 50 global life science universities, which is why it is a world leader in CGT research.<span class="FootNote_footnote-holder__tjRqy"><a aria-label="footnote" href="javascript:void(0);" class="FootNote_footnote-wrapper__AIRwL undefined FootNote_inactive__VZfCp" aria-describedby="8f7725ec-56cc-4e19-ae29-6a748e8cac7e"><sup class="FootNote_footnotesup__e73z_">3</sup><span class="FootNote_notch-wrapper__b_5NS"><span class="FootNote_notch__omKtY"></span></span><span class="FootNote_tooltip__QtrbA mdc-u-mt-2"><span class="FootNote_footnote-content__r2OVl"><span id="8f7725ec-56cc-4e19-ae29-6a748e8cac7e" aria-hidden="true" data-module-theme="light" class="FootNote_footnote-text__VjKgO mck-u-links-inline">“World university rankings 2019 by subject: Life sciences,” Times Higher Education, December 5, 2019, timeshighereducation.com. </span></span></span></a></span> Between 2017 and 2019, the lead author of some 120,000 papers that appeared in CGT publications was affiliated with a European institution. Equivalent figures for US and Chinese papers were 72,000 and 100,000, respectively.<span class="FootNote_footnote-holder__tjRqy"><a aria-label="footnote" href="javascript:void(0);" class="FootNote_footnote-wrapper__AIRwL undefined FootNote_inactive__VZfCp" aria-describedby="92759739-43fb-4717-a16c-c22ff6ed0517"><sup class="FootNote_footnotesup__e73z_">4</sup><span class="FootNote_notch-wrapper__b_5NS"><span class="FootNote_notch__omKtY"></span></span><span class="FootNote_tooltip__QtrbA mdc-u-mt-2"><span class="FootNote_footnote-content__r2OVl"><span id="92759739-43fb-4717-a16c-c22ff6ed0517" aria-hidden="true" data-module-theme="light" class="FootNote_footnote-text__VjKgO mck-u-links-inline"><em>Biotech in Europe: Scaling innovation 2019</em>, 20th Annual Bio€quity Europe, Barcelona, Spain, May 20–21, 2019, cms.biocentury.com. </span></span></span></a></span> And one of the joint winners of the Nobel Prize in Chemistry 2020 was Professor Emmanuelle Charpentier of the Max Planck Unit for the Science of Pathogens in Berlin. Charpentier, along with her collaborator, with whom she shares the Nobel Prize, Professor Jennifer Doudna, was recognized for her work on developing tools for gene editing.<span class="FootNote_footnote-holder__tjRqy"><a aria-label="footnote" href="javascript:void(0);" class="FootNote_footnote-wrapper__AIRwL undefined FootNote_inactive__VZfCp" aria-describedby="dadcc76b-a8bb-49c5-9a52-7a3b2814a9c0"><sup class="FootNote_footnotesup__e73z_">5</sup><span class="FootNote_notch-wrapper__b_5NS"><span class="FootNote_notch__omKtY"></span></span><span class="FootNote_tooltip__QtrbA mdc-u-mt-2"><span class="FootNote_footnote-content__r2OVl"><span id="dadcc76b-a8bb-49c5-9a52-7a3b2814a9c0" aria-hidden="true" data-module-theme="light" class="FootNote_footnote-text__VjKgO mck-u-links-inline">“Press release: The Nobel Prize in Chemistry 2020,” Nobel Media AB, October 7, 2020, nobelprize.org. </span></span></span></a></span></p> <p>Europe struggles to translate such strength in research into market leadership, however. In fact, between 2005 and 2018, Europe accounted for just 16 percent of total CGT patent registrations. The remaining 28 percent and 56 percent came from the United States and China, respectively.<span class="FootNote_footnote-holder__tjRqy"><a aria-label="footnote" href="javascript:void(0);" class="FootNote_footnote-wrapper__AIRwL undefined FootNote_inactive__VZfCp" aria-describedby="78f14607-faed-40b0-9c9f-0722d30161f6"><sup class="FootNote_footnotesup__e73z_">6</sup><span class="FootNote_notch-wrapper__b_5NS"><span class="FootNote_notch__omKtY"></span></span><span class="FootNote_tooltip__QtrbA mdc-u-mt-2"><span class="FootNote_footnote-content__r2OVl"><span id="78f14607-faed-40b0-9c9f-0722d30161f6" aria-hidden="true" data-module-theme="light" class="FootNote_footnote-text__VjKgO mck-u-links-inline"><em>Biotech in Europe: Scaling innovation 2019</em>, 20th Annual Bio€quity Europe, Barcelona, Spain, May 20–21, 2019, cms.biocentury.com. </span></span></span></a></span></p> <p>Less venture capital is one clear reason for the performance gap. In 2018, the known value of US biotech deals reached $85.9 billion, some five times higher than the value of European deals, which reached $16.3 billion.<span class="FootNote_footnote-holder__tjRqy"><a aria-label="footnote" href="javascript:void(0);" class="FootNote_footnote-wrapper__AIRwL undefined FootNote_inactive__VZfCp" aria-describedby="cb63853d-70f9-4082-934c-ef3a87bb063c"><sup class="FootNote_footnotesup__e73z_">7</sup><span class="FootNote_notch-wrapper__b_5NS"><span class="FootNote_notch__omKtY"></span></span><span class="FootNote_tooltip__QtrbA mdc-u-mt-2"><span class="FootNote_footnote-content__r2OVl"><span id="cb63853d-70f9-4082-934c-ef3a87bb063c" aria-hidden="true" data-module-theme="light" class="FootNote_footnote-text__VjKgO mck-u-links-inline">The figures show deals where the value was disclosed. This represents only about 25 percent of all deals in any one year. </span></span></span></a></span> This reflects both the number of deals (99 versus 303) and their average size ($165 million versus $284 million).<span class="FootNote_footnote-holder__tjRqy"><a aria-label="footnote" href="javascript:void(0);" class="FootNote_footnote-wrapper__AIRwL undefined FootNote_inactive__VZfCp" aria-describedby="b5fbecc7-ae2e-4879-a70a-0c361e3ef879"><sup class="FootNote_footnotesup__e73z_">8</sup><span class="FootNote_notch-wrapper__b_5NS"><span class="FootNote_notch__omKtY"></span></span><span class="FootNote_tooltip__QtrbA mdc-u-mt-2"><span class="FootNote_footnote-content__r2OVl"><span id="b5fbecc7-ae2e-4879-a70a-0c361e3ef879" aria-hidden="true" data-module-theme="light" class="FootNote_footnote-text__VjKgO mck-u-links-inline"><em>Biotech in Europe: Scaling innovation 2019</em>, 20th Annual Bio€quity Europe, Barcelona, Spain, May 20–21, 2019, cms.biocentury.com. </span></span></span></a></span></p> <p>Less entrepreneurialism in Europe and more aversity to risk are often cited as the underlying causes. And Europe’s fragmented market certainly plays a role: though unmet need might be higher than in the United States, it is much harder to address at scale given different market regulations in different European countries. But a key cause is lack of funding for translational medicine.</p> <p>In early 2020, only <a href="/industries/life-sciences/our-insights/biopharma-portfolio-strategy-in-the-era-of-cell-and-gene-therapy">15 percent of launched CGT</a> assets originated in the labs of big biopharma companies. The vast majority started life in academic labs. And while venture capitalists might be keen to fund assets once proof of concept is established, they are more risk averse when it comes to funding basic research that takes a lead molecule to proof-of-concept trials—that is, second- and third-round funding. US government funds go a long way to plugging this funding gap through the Clinical and Translational Sciences Awards Program, which has a budget of more than $550 million a year for translational medicine.<span class="FootNote_footnote-holder__tjRqy"><a aria-label="footnote" href="javascript:void(0);" class="FootNote_footnote-wrapper__AIRwL undefined FootNote_inactive__VZfCp" aria-describedby="dd1b1317-2b5d-4c49-8607-09774d4e842f"><sup class="FootNote_footnotesup__e73z_">9</sup><span class="FootNote_notch-wrapper__b_5NS"><span class="FootNote_notch__omKtY"></span></span><span class="FootNote_tooltip__QtrbA mdc-u-mt-2"><span class="FootNote_footnote-content__r2OVl"><span id="dd1b1317-2b5d-4c49-8607-09774d4e842f" aria-hidden="true" data-module-theme="light" class="FootNote_footnote-text__VjKgO mck-u-links-inline">“Past budgets,” National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences, ncats.nih.gov. </span></span></span></a></span> European funding pales in comparison. As part of the Horizon Europe program, the European Union will invest about EUR 7 billion in all health research between 2021 and 2027, but only a fraction of that will go into translational medicine.<span class="FootNote_footnote-holder__tjRqy"><a aria-label="footnote" href="javascript:void(0);" class="FootNote_footnote-wrapper__AIRwL undefined FootNote_inactive__VZfCp" aria-describedby="cbe9e720-9634-436f-ba06-7eb1d80ca3ec"><sup class="FootNote_footnotesup__e73z_">10</sup><span class="FootNote_notch-wrapper__b_5NS"><span class="FootNote_notch__omKtY"></span></span><span class="FootNote_tooltip__QtrbA mdc-u-mt-2"><span class="FootNote_footnote-content__r2OVl"><span id="cbe9e720-9634-436f-ba06-7eb1d80ca3ec" aria-hidden="true" data-module-theme="light" class="FootNote_footnote-text__VjKgO mck-u-links-inline">Florin Zubașcu, “Leaders agree on slimmed-down €80.9b for Horizon Europe,” Science Business, July 20, 2020, sciencebusiness.net. </span></span></span></a></span> Funding by individual nations does not make up the gap with the United States either.<span class="FootNote_footnote-holder__tjRqy"><a aria-label="footnote" href="javascript:void(0);" class="FootNote_footnote-wrapper__AIRwL undefined FootNote_inactive__VZfCp" aria-describedby="b235e3bc-db13-4038-affa-debb5e1400b9"><sup class="FootNote_footnotesup__e73z_">11</sup><span class="FootNote_notch-wrapper__b_5NS"><span class="FootNote_notch__omKtY"></span></span><span class="FootNote_tooltip__QtrbA mdc-u-mt-2"><span class="FootNote_footnote-content__r2OVl"><span id="b235e3bc-db13-4038-affa-debb5e1400b9" aria-hidden="true" data-module-theme="light" class="FootNote_footnote-text__VjKgO mck-u-links-inline">The United Kingdom, for example, invested £530 million over ten years in translational research between 2008 and 2018. See “Bridging the ‘valley of death’ in the UK with MRC’s public investment in translational research,” Trialsite News, September 16, 2019, trialsitenews.com. </span></span></span></a></span></p> <p>One leading UK academic in immune-response research recently left his university to join an early-stage company because he was so dismayed by the lack of funding, private and public, for translational medicine. “It was proving impossible to move from basic research to developing a drug candidate,” he told us. “There’s a belief among public bodies that pharma companies and VCs will fund early development in our universities. But it’s not the case, which means there just isn’t enough money.”</p> <h3>Payer costs</h3> <p>While the potential benefits of CGT to patients seem clear, the high costs, concentrated over a short period of time, are hard for healthcare systems to carry. A single dose of a curative treatment can cost millions of dollars, and cash-strapped authorities may have to weigh the benefits of relatively low-cost treatments for common conditions against high-cost treatments for rare ones.</p> <p>The payer cost dilemma will likely become more acute as more centers specializing in the delivery of CGTs are established and many new CGT treatments emerge. Yet payers in Europe face an additional cost challenge as many have the ethical ambition, and often legal obligation, to make treatments equally available to all patients without discrimination, which could stretch budgets still further.</p> <h3>Market access</h3> <p>Looking to strike a careful balance between the benefits of early access and the potential, still-unknown, long-term safety risks, the EMA has granted approval for CGTs on the condition that real-world evidence (RWE) is periodically submitted thereafter. Zynteglo, for example, obtained marketing authorization in May 2019 on condition that its manufacturer submit additional data through Phase IV clinical trials.</p> <p>The fact that the European market is fragmented tends not to be an issue: once the EMA has approved a drug and the European Commission granted marketing authorization, it is approved for use throughout the European Union. In contrast, the fragmented market can make reimbursement a complex, lengthy, and costly process, as CGT companies have to negotiate terms with every country and, in some instances, with regional authorities within a country too (eg, in Spain and Italy). The differences of reimbursement timelines can be currently observed—for example, Spark Therapeutics’s gene therapy Luxturna, which treats inherited retinal disease. After EMA approval in November 2018, Germany took nine months to agree on reimbursement terms, and the United Kingdom one year. In Italy, meanwhile, two years after EMA approval, negotiations are still pending.</p> <p>Another issue that can slow market access for CGTs in Europe is data privacy. Finding sufficient numbers of patients to participate in trials for what are often rare diseases is a slow process, but one that RWE could accelerate while reducing costs if used in synthetic trial arms.</p> <p>These trials use patient data from electronic medical records and other sources as a control group to evaluate the current standard of care against a new therapy. Yet access to such data is easier in some markets, such as the United States, than in Europe. Europe’s data protection and privacy regulations require that patients give consent each time their data is used, unless it is anonymized—a procedure that protects patient privacy but inevitably extends the time it takes to conduct trials.</p> <h3>Manufacture and delivery</h3> <p>The manufacture of CGTs is highly complex, and manufacturing capacity is a major limiting factor to treating more patients. Pharmaceutical companies and contract development and manufacturing organizations are working to fill that gap, but Europe is behind the curve, as most companies with CGT assets originated in the United States. Only 13 percent of those launched so far have been European (though others have subsequently been bought by European companies).<span class="FootNote_footnote-holder__tjRqy"><a aria-label="footnote" href="javascript:void(0);" class="FootNote_footnote-wrapper__AIRwL undefined FootNote_inactive__VZfCp" aria-describedby="66786b68-97cc-4e93-a822-94a9de916df3"><sup class="FootNote_footnotesup__e73z_">12</sup><span class="FootNote_notch-wrapper__b_5NS"><span class="FootNote_notch__omKtY"></span></span><span class="FootNote_tooltip__QtrbA mdc-u-mt-2"><span class="FootNote_footnote-content__r2OVl"><span id="66786b68-97cc-4e93-a822-94a9de916df3" aria-hidden="true" data-module-theme="light" class="FootNote_footnote-text__VjKgO mck-u-links-inline">EvaluatePharma® October 2020, Evaluate Ltd. </span></span></span></a></span> Not surprisingly, US companies choose to build capacity in their home market first: the first European manufacturing plant for Kymriah, developed by US-based AveXis before the company was acquired by Switzerland’s Novartis, was opened in November 2019, more than 14 months after it received EMA approval.<span class="FootNote_footnote-holder__tjRqy"><a aria-label="footnote" href="javascript:void(0);" class="FootNote_footnote-wrapper__AIRwL undefined FootNote_inactive__VZfCp" aria-describedby="3a2bf6cb-691c-47ea-9aa3-8436a69f1330"><sup class="FootNote_footnotesup__e73z_">13</sup><span class="FootNote_notch-wrapper__b_5NS"><span class="FootNote_notch__omKtY"></span></span><span class="FootNote_tooltip__QtrbA mdc-u-mt-2"><span class="FootNote_footnote-content__r2OVl"><span id="3a2bf6cb-691c-47ea-9aa3-8436a69f1330" aria-hidden="true" data-module-theme="light" class="FootNote_footnote-text__VjKgO mck-u-links-inline">Kyle Blankenship, “Novartis’ new cell therapy facility could ease manufacturing squeeze for CAR-T med Kymriah,” FiercePharma, December 2, 2019, fiercepharma.com. </span></span></span></a></span> Industry experts estimate just two of the largest plants in the United States (one is still under construction) will soon match Europe’s total manufacturing capacity for CGTs.</p> <p>A lack of manufacturing expertise in Europe also inhibits capacity expansion. Demand for talent is fierce as capacity ramps up around the world. As a result, European bio-scientists are often attracted to the United States, where salaries are higher, or remain close to where the leading life science universities are situated: the United Kingdom, Germany, Switzerland, the Netherlands, France, and Sweden. This creates a few strong hubs but a significant talent gap elsewhere.</p> <p>A shortage of manufacturing capacity and talent is exacerbated by logistical issues. The logistics for manufacturing and delivering CGTs are always hard. Take autologous cell therapy, whereby a patient’s cells are extracted in the clinic (apheresis), dispatched to specialized labs where the treatment is manufactured, then sent back to the clinic to be administered, all under time pressure and with strict quality control. Supply chains therefore require a high degree of logistical precision, which is harder in the absence of local manufacturing capacity and when, as in Europe, there is cross-border transportation. The process can be slow—often too slow for patients in the late stages of a disease. But further delays can be caused by any number of local issues when so many different personnel are involved at different sites, using different systems, and when several different couriers might be involved. The slightest disruption—a patient’s apheresis appointment delayed, for example—can disrupt the entire supply-chain flow.</p> <p>The sensitivity of supply chains has been highlighted during the COVID-19 crisis, when two-thirds of cell therapy companies surveyed reported <a href="/industries/life-sciences/our-insights/covid-19-and-cell-and-gene-therapy-how-to-keep-innovation-on-track">supply-chain disruptions because of travel restrictions</a>.</p> <h2>Harnessing scientific breakthroughs</h2> <p>There are no simple remedies to these issues. Nevertheless, current conditions in the European market for CGTs suggest three developments that would help patients as well as healthcare systems benefit as quickly as possible from the scientific breakthroughs afoot.</p> <h3>Lower barriers to market access</h3> <p>While companies will, for the foreseeable future, have to negotiate reimbursement with different European authorities, these negotiations should become easier and less protracted once the longer-term value of CGTs is established and their safety made clear.</p> <p>The use of synthetic trial arms would help in this respect. The EMA is not averse to them, having granted access for Amgen’s Blincyto, a drug for treating relapsed or refractory B-precursor acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL), based on synthetic trial data with historical patients suffering from ALL. But using European data in a way that does not breach privacy regulations might depend on technological developments. Moves are under way, for example, to use distributed ledgering and machine learning to analyze patient data while guaranteeing accuracy, objectivity, and privacy.</p> <p>Another possibility some hospitals are investigating in Europe is the sharing of insights from their data, but not the data itself. In effect, they would act as data-analysis centers, using the valuable, confidential patient data they amass to help pharmaceutical companies in a range of R&D activities.</p> <p>Finally, new payment mechanisms, discussed below, should facilitate reimbursement.</p> <h3>Payment</h3> <p>The fact that CGT is concentrated into a short course of treatments, or even a single treatment, will make it prohibitively expensive for payers to offer the full range of therapies coming to market using the traditional payment model. Moreover, because this model entails making a fixed up-front payment, the payer bears all the risk of a new therapy not working in the longer term, or of it being harmful. Payers and biopharmaceutical companies—in Europe and other markets—will therefore need to consider collaborating to find new, more affordable pricing mechanisms, although there is arguably greater urgency to do so in Europe given its principle of equal access.</p> <p>Annuity-type payment mechanisms that spread payments over longer periods of time and outcome-based payment mechanisms are emerging as possible solutions, the latter spreading the risk between payer and manufacture. These are described in Exhibit 6. Outcome payments are relatively common in a few European countries. In Italy, for example, the national health authority, AIFA, has negotiated 55 outcome-based contracts for 37 different drugs. But other countries are only starting to consider them. In Germany, the GWQ, a body representing midsize German health insurers, recently negotiated an outcomes-based contract for Kymriah, whereby Novartis will have to repay part of the cost of the therapy if a patient dies within a specified period.</p> <div data-component="mdc-c-module-wrapper" data-module-theme="default" data-module-background="transparent" data-module-category="" class="mck-c-inline-module-container mck-o-md-center"><div class="mdc-u-grid mdc-u-grid-gutter-lg mdc-u-grid-col-sm-1 mdc-u-grid--align-start mdc-u-mb-3 GenericItem_mck-c-generic-item__sGwKL"><div data-component="mdc-c-content-block" class="mdc-c-content-block___7p6Lu_2734c4f mdc-u-grid-gutter-xs GenericItem_mck-c-generic-item__content__gq1m0"><div class="mck-c-eyebrow mdc-u-ts-10"><span> 6</span></div></div></div><div class="mck-u-inline-module-border-top mck-u-inline-module-border-bottom"><picture data-component="mdc-c-picture" class="Exhibit_mck-c-exhibit__image__pyIDm"><source media="(min-width: 768px)" srcSet="/~/media/mckinsey/industries/life%20sciences/our%20insights/a%20call%20to%20action%20opportunities%20and%20challenges%20for%20cgts%20in%20europe/svgz-cellgenetherapies-ex6.svgz?cq=50&cpy=Center"/><img alt="Alternative payment models for cell and gene therapies are emerging as possible solutions for more affordable pricing." src="/~/media/mckinsey/industries/life%20sciences/our%20insights/a%20call%20to%20action%20opportunities%20and%20challenges%20for%20cgts%20in%20europe/svgz-cellgenetherapies-ex6.svgz?cq=50&cpy=Center" loading="lazy"/></picture></div><div class="mck-u-sr-only"></div></div> <p>Such contracts may require both parties to rethink traditional practices, taking into account each other’s needs. Payers will likely need to take a long-term view when considering the price of the therapies, while pharmaceutical companies will need to agree to take on some of the risk traditionally borne by payers.</p> <h3>More efficient manufacturing and delivery processes</h3> <p>In the shorter term, manufacturers will focus on expanding existing capacity. In the longer term, a key to treating more patients, more efficiently, could lie in technological advances that automate the manufacturing process and bring it closer to the point of care. Swiss biotech company Lonza, for example, has invested in a system that automates the manufacture of cell therapies in a “cocoon” that can be used at hospital sites. Such systems lower costs by eliminating transportation and reducing the facilities and personnel required, while at the same time improving patient care. They would require very close collaboration between hospitals and manufacturers to create seamless integration at the point of care.</p> <h3>More investment</h3> <p>Governments’ healthcare resources have been stretched more than ever as a result of the COVID-19 crisis. Nevertheless, it remains that the development of CGTs in Europe will be slower without more support.</p> <p>If the European CGT sector is to thrive, more funds are required for translational medicine to de-risk later investments by venture capitalists. Lack of funding slows the breakthroughs that would benefit patients and healthcare systems.</p> <p>Government support for biotech ecosystems to build on Europe’s current strengths in CGTs may be part of the answer, creating the conditions that support science and draw in more private investment and talent. China gives a taste of the power of such ecosystems. The country’s emergence as a leader in CGT stems from a decision to prioritize biotechnology as part of its five-year plans, followed by policies and funding that catalyzed a CGT ecosystem that includes biotech companies, academics, healthcare providers, investors, and the government. The sector has since boomed. By 2018, the number of <a href="/industries/life-sciences/our-insights/driving-the-next-wave-of-innovation-in-car-t-cell-therapies">chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T-cell therapy trials in China</a> had surpassed those in the United States, for example, and some 30 companies involved in the trials were building over 10,000 square meters of manufacturing space.<span class="FootNote_footnote-holder__tjRqy"><a aria-label="footnote" href="javascript:void(0);" class="FootNote_footnote-wrapper__AIRwL undefined FootNote_inactive__VZfCp" aria-describedby="e101edd5-9d53-4935-8627-dbcd1b14f8d5"><sup class="FootNote_footnotesup__e73z_">14</sup><span class="FootNote_notch-wrapper__b_5NS"><span class="FootNote_notch__omKtY"></span></span><span class="FootNote_tooltip__QtrbA mdc-u-mt-2"><span class="FootNote_footnote-content__r2OVl"><span id="e101edd5-9d53-4935-8627-dbcd1b14f8d5" aria-hidden="true" data-module-theme="light" class="FootNote_footnote-text__VjKgO mck-u-links-inline">David Crow, Tom Hancock, and Wang Xueqiao, “Healthcare: Cancer breakthrough leads China’s biotech boom,” Financial Times, April 11, 2018, ft.com. </span></span></span></a></span></p> <hr/> <p>Europe has made great strides toward harnessing the potential of CGT as the science and the industry that supports it steadily progresses. Overcoming the barriers that still stand in the way is no small task. But during the COVID-19 pandemic, we have witnessed how collaborative, concerted efforts can drive innovation forward: new vaccines based on messenger RNA, a form of gene therapy, have progressed to Phase III in months rather than years. All eyes now have to be kept fixed firmly on the CGT prize that lies ahead so that we can keep working diligently toward it.</p></div><div class="container-placeholder"></div></div></div><div class="mdc-u-grid mdc-u-grid-gutter-xl"><section role="contentinfo" data-layer-region="article-about-authors" class="mdc-u-grid mdc-u-grid-col-md-12 AboutAuthor_mck-c-about-author__nRJzu"><div class="mdc-u-grid-col-md-start-2 mdc-u-grid-col-md-end-12 mdc-u-grid-col-lg-start-3 mdc-u-grid-col-lg-end-11"><h5 data-component="mdc-c-heading" class="mdc-c-heading___0fM1W_2734c4f mdc-c-heading--title___5qyOB_2734c4f mdc-c-heading--border___K8dj3_2734c4f mdc-u-align-center"></h5><div data-component="mdc-c-description" class="mdc-c-description___SrnQP_2734c4f mdc-u-ts-8 mck-u-links-inline mck-u-links-inline--secondary mdc-u-mt-5"><div><p><strong>Alberto Loche</strong> is an associate partner in McKinsey’s Zurich office, where <strong>Nils Paolucci</strong> is a consultant and <strong><a href="/our-people/nils-peters">Nils Peters</a></strong> is a partner; and <strong><a href="/our-people/lieven-van-der-veken">Lieven Van der Veken</a></strong> is a senior partner in the Geneva office.</p> <p>The authors wish to thank Matthias Evers, Andrea Gennari, Robert Hermann, Martin Møller, Ralf Otto, Kia Parssanedjad, Jorge Santos da Silva, and Guang Yang for their contributions to this article.</p></div></div></div></section><section class="mdc-u-grid mdc-u-grid-col-md-12 mck-u-screen-only"><div class="mdc-u-grid-col-md-start-2 mdc-u-grid-col-md-end-12 mdc-u-grid-col-lg-start-5 mdc-u-grid-col-lg-end-9"><h5 data-component="mdc-c-heading" class="mdc-c-heading___0fM1W_2734c4f mdc-c-heading--title___5qyOB_2734c4f mdc-c-heading--border___K8dj3_2734c4f mdc-u-align-center">Explore a career with us</h5><div data-component="mdc-c-link-container" class="mdc-c-link-container___xefGu_2734c4f mdc-c-link-container--align-center___ar3mu_2734c4f"><a data-component="mdc-c-link" href="/careers/search-jobs" class="mdc-c-button___U4iY2_2734c4f mdc-c-button--secondary___Boipq_2734c4f mdc-c-button--size-large___jwpUy_2734c4f" aria-label="Search Openings" data-layer-event-prefix="CTA Link" data-layer-action="click" data-layer-category="careers" data-layer-subcategory="search" data-layer-text="Search Openings"><span class="mdc-c-link__label___Pfqtd_2734c4f">Search Openings</span></a></div></div></section></div></main></div><div data-component="mdc-c-module-wrapper" data-module-theme="light" data-module-background="lightest-grey" data-module-category="StandalonePromo" class="RelatedArticle_mck-c-article-related__GGA76 mck-u-screen-only" data-layer-region="related-articles"><div class="mdc-o-container__wrapper is-wrapped mdc-u-spaced-mobile"><h5 data-component="mdc-c-heading" class="mdc-c-heading___0fM1W_2734c4f mdc-c-heading--title___5qyOB_2734c4f mdc-u-align-center">Related Articles</h5><div class="mdc-u-grid mdc-u-grid-col-md-3 RelatedArticle_items-container__s2uD0"><div class="mdc-u-grid mdc-u-grid-gutter-lg Card_card__diA2r Card_hover-effect__RGb9b"><div class="Card_wrapper-image__8b4P6"><a data-component="mdc-c-link" href="/industries/life-sciences/our-insights/covid-19-and-cell-and-gene-therapy-how-to-keep-innovation-on-track" class="mdc-c-link___lBbY1_2734c4f"><picture data-component="mdc-c-picture" class="Card_wrapper-image__8b4P6"><style>.picture-uniqueKey-covid-0 { aspect-ratio: 16/9 }</style><img alt="COVID-19 and cell and gene therapy: How to keep innovation on track" class="picture-uniqueKey-covid-0" src="/~/media/mckinsey/industries/life%20sciences/our%20insights/covid%2019%20and%20cell%20and%20gene%20therapy%20how%20to%20keep%20innovation%20on%20track/1248569517-1536x1536.jpg?cq=50&mw=767&car=16:9&cpy=Center" loading="lazy"/></picture></a></div><div class="Card_wrapper-text__U6Y3k"><div data-component="mdc-c-content-block" class="mdc-c-content-block___7p6Lu_2734c4f Card_content-block__pF6Z1"><span>Article</span><h6 data-component="mdc-c-heading" class="mdc-c-heading___0fM1W_2734c4f mdc-u-ts-6"><a data-component="mdc-c-link" href="/industries/life-sciences/our-insights/covid-19-and-cell-and-gene-therapy-how-to-keep-innovation-on-track" class="mdc-c-link-heading___Zggl8_2734c4f mdc-c-link___lBbY1_2734c4f"><div>COVID-19 and cell and gene therapy: How to keep innovation on track</div></a></h6></div></div></div><div class="mdc-u-grid mdc-u-grid-gutter-lg Card_card__diA2r Card_hover-effect__RGb9b"><div class="Card_wrapper-image__8b4P6"><a data-component="mdc-c-link" href="/industries/life-sciences/our-insights/biopharma-portfolio-strategy-in-the-era-of-cell-and-gene-therapy" class="mdc-c-link___lBbY1_2734c4f"><picture data-component="mdc-c-picture" class="Card_wrapper-image__8b4P6"><style>.picture-uniqueKey-bioph-0 { aspect-ratio: 16/9 }</style><img alt="Biopharma portfolio strategy in the era of cell and gene therapy" class="picture-uniqueKey-bioph-0" src="/~/media/mckinsey/industries/life%20sciences/our%20insights/biopharma%20portfolio%20strategy%20in%20the%20era%20of%20cell%20and%20gene%20therapy/portfolio-1536x1536.jpg?cq=50&mw=767&car=16:9&cpy=Center" loading="lazy"/></picture></a></div><div class="Card_wrapper-text__U6Y3k"><div data-component="mdc-c-content-block" class="mdc-c-content-block___7p6Lu_2734c4f Card_content-block__pF6Z1"><span>Article</span><h6 data-component="mdc-c-heading" class="mdc-c-heading___0fM1W_2734c4f mdc-u-ts-6"><a data-component="mdc-c-link" href="/industries/life-sciences/our-insights/biopharma-portfolio-strategy-in-the-era-of-cell-and-gene-therapy" class="mdc-c-link-heading___Zggl8_2734c4f mdc-c-link___lBbY1_2734c4f"><div>Biopharma portfolio strategy in the era of cell and gene therapy</div></a></h6></div></div></div><div class="mdc-u-grid mdc-u-grid-gutter-lg Card_card__diA2r Card_hover-effect__RGb9b"><div class="Card_wrapper-image__8b4P6"><a data-component="mdc-c-link" href="/industries/life-sciences/our-insights/biotech-in-europe-a-strong-foundation-for-growth-and-innovation" class="mdc-c-link___lBbY1_2734c4f"><picture data-component="mdc-c-picture" class="Card_wrapper-image__8b4P6"><style>.picture-uniqueKey-biote-0 { aspect-ratio: 16/9 }</style><img alt="Biotech in Europe: A strong foundation for growth and innovation" class="picture-uniqueKey-biote-0" src="/~/media/mckinsey/industries/life%20sciences/our%20insights/biotech%20in%20europe%20a%20strong%20foundation%20for%20growth%20and%20innovation/biotech-in-europe-standard-offset0-1536x1536.jpg?cq=50&mw=767&car=16:9&cpy=Center" loading="lazy"/></picture></a></div><div class="Card_wrapper-text__U6Y3k"><div data-component="mdc-c-content-block" class="mdc-c-content-block___7p6Lu_2734c4f Card_content-block__pF6Z1"><span>Article</span><h6 data-component="mdc-c-heading" class="mdc-c-heading___0fM1W_2734c4f mdc-u-ts-6"><a data-component="mdc-c-link" href="/industries/life-sciences/our-insights/biotech-in-europe-a-strong-foundation-for-growth-and-innovation" class="mdc-c-link-heading___Zggl8_2734c4f mdc-c-link___lBbY1_2734c4f"><div>Biotech in Europe: A strong foundation for growth and innovation</div></a></h6></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></main></div><script id="__NEXT_DATA__" type="application/json">{"props":{"pageProps":{"locale":"en","dictionary":{},"sitecoreContext":{"route":{"name":"A call to action Opportunities and challenges for CGTs in Europe","displayName":"A call to action Opportunities and challenges for CGTs in Europe","fields":null,"databaseName":"web","deviceId":"fe5d7fdf-89c0-4d99-9aa3-b5fbd009c9f3","itemId":"7e9f6513-3225-491f-ae2b-def0d16dc26d","itemLanguage":"en","itemVersion":1,"layoutId":"ae753eb4-a035-40b4-83bf-4b4438df6742","templateId":"683910db-02ba-40ba-92e7-726c880160a9","templateName":"ArticleJSS","placeholders":{"jss-main":[{"uid":"232bb7e9-289f-492d-a916-2b6185e44a84","componentName":"ArticleTemplate","dataSource":"","fields":{"data":{"articleTemplate":{"title":{"jsonValue":{"value":"A call to action: Opportunities and challenges for CGTs in Europe"}},"sEOTitle":{"value":"Opportunities and challenges for Cell Gene Therapies in Pharmaceuticals and Medical Products in Europe"},"description":{"jsonValue":{"value":"The speed at which scientific breakthroughs in cell and gene therapy translate into advances in European healthcare could depend on how quickly stakeholders address some uniquely European challenges."}},"sEODescription":{"value":"The speed of breakthroughs in cell and gene therapy in pharmaceuticals and medical products that create advances in European healthcare could depend on how quickly some uniquely European challenges are addressed."},"displayDate":{"jsonValue":{"value":"2021-01-19T00:00:00Z"}},"body":{"value":"[[DownloadsSidebar]]\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eRecent years have seen\u003c/strong\u003e a steady acceleration in the number of cell and gene therapies (CGTs) on the market (Exhibit 1). More than 75 had been launched (including launches in individual markets, such as Japan, Russia, and South Korea) by the end of 2019. Many more are in development, offering the hope of revolutionary healthcare.\u003c/p\u003e\n[[Audio 1]]\n\u003cp\u003eForemost is the hope CGTs offer to patients suffering from serious, often rare, and previously unaddressed diseases. Of the 59 Phase III pipeline assets analyzed, 32 target at least one rare indication. Important too is the fact that some therapies will likely be curative, replacing lifelong treatment of chronic disease with the administration of a limited number of doses or even just one\u0026mdash;a huge benefit to patients as well as overburdened healthcare systems. Novartis\u0026rsquo;s often-cited gene therapy Zolgensma, for example, has the potential to act as a single-dose cure for patients with spinal muscular atrophy.\u003c/p\u003e\n[[Exhibit 1]]\n[[MostPopularArticles 5]]\n\u003cp\u003eThen there is the possibility that, as technology advances, development time and costs for new therapies will be slashed. Rather than starting with a clean-sheet development process for every new compound targeting a specific disease, technology platforms will be able to target many different diseases. Viral-vector platforms that target a range of diseases in gene therapy are already being developed.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eYet, despite such early promise, the extent to which scientific breakthroughs in CGT will translate into similar advances in European healthcare remains uncertain. The adoption of CGT in Europe faces the same challenges as elsewhere: technical issues, high costs, and concerns about long-term safety, for example. But there are also specific European factors that impede the development of a vibrant CGT sector on the continent, and that will need to be addressed to speed the acceptance of life-changing therapies (Exhibit 2).\u003c/p\u003e\n[[Exhibit 2]]\n\u003ch2\u003eThe European CGT landscape\u003c/h2\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThe unmet need for CGTs in Europe is significant. The estimated patient population for just four indications addressed by CGTs today is 385,000, roughly three times as large as the equivalent US cohort (Exhibit 3).[[Footnote 1]]\u003c/p\u003e\n[[Exhibit 3]]\n\u003cp\u003eEuropean authorities are keen to support new treatments that target currently underserved disease areas. Hence, the European Medicines Agency (EMA) has granted orphan status to the majority of CGT drugs in development. And it has performed an accelerated assessment of several therapies, including two cell therapies for treating aggressive B-cell lymphomas\u0026mdash;Novartis\u0026rsquo;s Kymriah and Gilead\u0026rsquo;s Yescarta\u0026mdash;and one ex vivo gene therapy, Bluebird Bio\u0026rsquo;s Zynteglo, which treats the rare blood disorder beta-thalassemia (Exhibit 4). As Exhibit 5 shows, rapid assessments have reduced CGT approval timelines in Europe significantly, bringing them below the EU average (though still not below the US average).\u003c/p\u003e\n[[Exhibit 4]]\n[[Exhibit 5]]\n\u003cp\u003eAgainst this encouraging backdrop, however, the European CGT industry faces some\nspecific challenges.[[Footnote 2]]\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003ch3\u003eTurning research strength into market strength\u003c/h3\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eEurope is home to 16 of the top 50 global life science universities, which is why it is a world leader in CGT research.[[Footnote 3]] Between 2017 and 2019, the lead author of some 120,000 papers that appeared in CGT publications was affiliated with a European institution. Equivalent figures for US and Chinese papers were 72,000 and 100,000, respectively.[[Footnote 4]] And one of the joint winners of the Nobel Prize in Chemistry 2020 was Professor Emmanuelle Charpentier of the Max Planck Unit for the Science of Pathogens in Berlin. Charpentier, along with her collaborator, with whom she shares the Nobel Prize, Professor Jennifer Doudna, was recognized for her work on developing tools for gene editing.[[Footnote 5]]\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eEurope struggles to translate such strength in research into market leadership, however. In fact, between 2005 and 2018, Europe accounted for just 16 percent of total CGT patent registrations. The remaining 28 percent and 56 percent came from the United States and China, respectively.[[Footnote 6]]\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eLess venture capital is one clear reason for the performance gap. In 2018, the known value of US biotech deals reached $85.9 billion, some five times higher than the value of European deals, which reached $16.3 billion.[[Footnote 7]] This reflects both the number of deals (99 versus 303) and their average size ($165 million versus $284 million).[[Footnote 8]]\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eLess entrepreneurialism in Europe and more aversity to risk are often cited as the underlying causes. And Europe\u0026rsquo;s fragmented market certainly plays a role: though unmet need might be higher than in the United States, it is much harder to address at scale given different market regulations in different European countries. But a key cause is lack of funding for translational medicine.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eIn early 2020, only \u003ca href=\"/industries/life-sciences/our-insights/biopharma-portfolio-strategy-in-the-era-of-cell-and-gene-therapy\"\u003e15 percent of launched CGT\u003c/a\u003e\u0026nbsp;assets originated in the labs of big biopharma companies. The vast majority started life in academic labs. And while venture capitalists might be keen to fund assets once proof of concept is established, they are more risk averse when it comes to funding basic research that takes a lead molecule to proof-of-concept trials\u0026mdash;that is, second- and third-round funding. US government funds go a long way to plugging this funding gap through the Clinical and Translational Sciences Awards Program, which has a budget of more than $550 million a year for translational medicine.[[Footnote 9]] European funding pales in comparison. As part of the Horizon Europe program, the European Union will invest about EUR 7 billion in all health research between 2021 and 2027, but only a fraction of that will go into translational medicine.[[Footnote 10]] Funding by individual nations does not make up the gap with the United States either.[[Footnote 11]]\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eOne leading UK academic in immune-response research recently left his university to join an early-stage company because he was so dismayed by the lack of funding, private and public, for translational medicine. \u0026ldquo;It was proving impossible to move from basic research to developing a drug candidate,\u0026rdquo; he told us. \u0026ldquo;There\u0026rsquo;s a belief among public bodies that pharma companies and VCs will fund early development in our universities. But it\u0026rsquo;s not the case, which means there just isn\u0026rsquo;t enough money.\u0026rdquo;\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003ch3\u003ePayer costs\u003c/h3\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eWhile the potential benefits of CGT to patients seem clear, the high costs, concentrated over a short period of time, are hard for healthcare systems to carry. A single dose of a curative treatment can cost millions of dollars, and cash-strapped authorities may have to weigh the benefits of relatively low-cost treatments for common conditions against high-cost treatments for rare ones.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThe payer cost dilemma will likely become more acute as more centers specializing in the delivery of CGTs are established and many new CGT treatments emerge. Yet payers in Europe face an additional cost challenge as many have the ethical ambition, and often legal obligation, to make treatments equally available to all patients without discrimination, which could stretch budgets still further.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003ch3\u003eMarket access\u003c/h3\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eLooking to strike a careful balance between the benefits of early access and the potential, still-unknown, long-term safety risks, the EMA has granted approval for CGTs on the condition that real-world evidence (RWE) is periodically submitted thereafter. Zynteglo, for example, obtained marketing authorization in May 2019 on condition that its manufacturer submit additional data through Phase IV clinical trials.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThe fact that the European market is fragmented tends not to be an issue: once the EMA has approved a drug and the European Commission granted marketing authorization, it is approved for use throughout the European Union. In contrast, the fragmented market can make reimbursement a complex, lengthy, and costly process, as CGT companies have to negotiate terms with every country and, in some instances, with regional authorities within a country too (eg, in Spain and Italy). The differences of reimbursement timelines can be currently observed\u0026mdash;for example, Spark Therapeutics\u0026rsquo;s gene therapy Luxturna, which treats inherited retinal disease. After EMA approval in November 2018, Germany took nine months to agree on reimbursement terms, and the United Kingdom one year. In Italy, meanwhile, two years after EMA approval, negotiations are still pending.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eAnother issue that can slow market access for CGTs in Europe is data privacy. Finding sufficient numbers of patients to participate in trials for what are often rare diseases is a slow process, but one that RWE could accelerate while reducing costs if used in synthetic trial arms.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThese trials use patient data from electronic medical records and other sources as a control group to evaluate the current standard of care against a new therapy. Yet access to such data is easier in some markets, such as the United States, than in Europe. Europe\u0026rsquo;s data protection and privacy regulations require that patients give consent each time their data is used, unless it is anonymized\u0026mdash;a procedure that protects patient privacy but inevitably extends the time it takes to conduct trials.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003ch3\u003eManufacture and delivery\u003c/h3\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThe manufacture of CGTs is highly complex, and manufacturing capacity is a major limiting factor to treating more patients. Pharmaceutical companies and contract development and manufacturing organizations are working to fill that gap, but Europe is behind the curve, as most companies with CGT assets originated in the United States. Only 13 percent of those launched so far have been European (though others have subsequently been bought by European companies).[[Footnote 12]] Not surprisingly, US companies choose to build capacity in their home market first: the first European manufacturing plant for Kymriah, developed by US-based AveXis before the company was acquired by Switzerland\u0026rsquo;s Novartis, was opened in November 2019, more than 14 months after it received EMA approval.[[Footnote 13]] Industry experts estimate just two of the largest plants in the United States (one is still under construction) will soon match Europe\u0026rsquo;s total manufacturing capacity for CGTs.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eA lack of manufacturing expertise in Europe also inhibits capacity expansion. Demand for talent is fierce as capacity ramps up around the world. As a result, European bio-scientists are often attracted to the United States, where salaries are higher, or remain close to where the leading life science universities are situated: the United Kingdom, Germany, Switzerland, the Netherlands, France, and Sweden. This creates a few strong hubs but a significant talent gap elsewhere.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eA shortage of manufacturing capacity and talent is exacerbated by logistical issues. The logistics for manufacturing and delivering CGTs are always hard. Take autologous cell therapy, whereby a patient\u0026rsquo;s cells are extracted in the clinic (apheresis), dispatched to specialized labs where the treatment is manufactured, then sent back to the clinic to be administered, all under time pressure and with strict quality control. Supply chains therefore require a high degree of logistical precision, which is harder in the absence of local manufacturing capacity and when, as in Europe, there is cross-border transportation. The process can be slow\u0026mdash;often too slow for patients in the late stages of a disease. But further delays can be caused by any number of local issues when so many different personnel are involved at different sites, using different systems, and when several different couriers might be involved. The slightest disruption\u0026mdash;a patient\u0026rsquo;s apheresis appointment delayed, for example\u0026mdash;can disrupt the entire supply-chain flow.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThe sensitivity of supply chains has been highlighted during the COVID-19 crisis, when two-thirds of cell therapy companies surveyed reported \u003ca href=\"/industries/life-sciences/our-insights/covid-19-and-cell-and-gene-therapy-how-to-keep-innovation-on-track\"\u003esupply-chain disruptions because of travel restrictions\u003c/a\u003e.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003ch2\u003eHarnessing scientific breakthroughs\u003c/h2\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThere are no simple remedies to these issues. Nevertheless, current conditions in the European market for CGTs suggest three developments that would help patients as well as healthcare systems benefit as quickly as possible from the scientific breakthroughs afoot.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003ch3\u003eLower barriers to market access\u003c/h3\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eWhile companies will, for the foreseeable future, have to negotiate reimbursement with different European authorities, these negotiations should become easier and less protracted once the longer-term value of CGTs is established and their safety made clear.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThe use of synthetic trial arms would help in this respect. The EMA is not averse to them, having granted access for Amgen\u0026rsquo;s Blincyto, a drug for treating relapsed or refractory B-precursor acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL), based on synthetic trial data with historical patients suffering from ALL. But using European data in a way that does not breach privacy regulations might depend on technological developments. Moves are under way, for example, to use distributed ledgering and machine learning to analyze patient data while guaranteeing accuracy, objectivity, and privacy.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eAnother possibility some hospitals are investigating in Europe is the sharing of insights from their data, but not the data itself. In effect, they would act as data-analysis centers, using the valuable, confidential patient data they amass to help pharmaceutical companies in a range of R\u0026amp;D activities.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eFinally, new payment mechanisms, discussed below, should facilitate reimbursement.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003ch3\u003ePayment\u003c/h3\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThe fact that CGT is concentrated into a short course of treatments, or even a single treatment, will make it prohibitively expensive for payers to offer the full range of therapies coming to market using the traditional payment model. Moreover, because this model entails making a fixed up-front payment, the payer bears all the risk of a new therapy not working in the longer term, or of it being harmful. Payers and biopharmaceutical companies\u0026mdash;in Europe and other markets\u0026mdash;will therefore need to consider collaborating to find new, more affordable pricing mechanisms, although there is arguably greater urgency to do so in Europe given its principle of equal access.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eAnnuity-type payment mechanisms that spread payments over longer periods of time and outcome-based payment mechanisms are emerging as possible solutions, the latter spreading the risk between payer and manufacture. These are described in Exhibit 6. Outcome payments are relatively common in a few European countries. In Italy, for example, the national health authority, AIFA, has negotiated 55 outcome-based contracts for 37 different drugs. But other countries are only starting to consider them. In Germany, the GWQ, a body representing midsize German health insurers, recently negotiated an outcomes-based contract for Kymriah, whereby Novartis will have to repay part of the cost of the therapy if a patient dies within a specified period.\u003c/p\u003e\n[[Exhibit 6]]\n\u003cp\u003eSuch contracts may require both parties to rethink traditional practices, taking into account each other\u0026rsquo;s needs. Payers will likely need to take a long-term view when considering the price of the therapies, while pharmaceutical companies will need to agree to take on some of the risk traditionally borne by payers.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003ch3\u003eMore efficient manufacturing and delivery processes\u003c/h3\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eIn the shorter term, manufacturers will focus on expanding existing capacity. In the longer term, a key to treating more patients, more efficiently, could lie in technological advances that automate the manufacturing process and bring it closer to the point of care. Swiss biotech company Lonza, for example, has invested in a system that automates the manufacture of cell therapies in a \u0026ldquo;cocoon\u0026rdquo; that can be used at hospital sites. Such systems lower costs by eliminating transportation and reducing the facilities and personnel required, while at the same time improving patient care. They would require very close collaboration between hospitals and manufacturers to create seamless integration at the point of care.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003ch3\u003eMore investment\u003c/h3\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eGovernments\u0026rsquo; healthcare resources have been stretched more than ever as a result of the COVID-19 crisis. Nevertheless, it remains that the development of CGTs in Europe will be slower without more support.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eIf the European CGT sector is to thrive, more funds are required for translational medicine to de-risk later investments by venture capitalists. Lack of funding slows the breakthroughs that would benefit patients and healthcare systems.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eGovernment support for biotech ecosystems to build on Europe\u0026rsquo;s current strengths in CGTs may be part of the answer, creating the conditions that support science and draw in more private investment and talent. China gives a taste of the power of such ecosystems. The country\u0026rsquo;s emergence as a leader in CGT stems from a decision to prioritize biotechnology as part of its five-year plans, followed by policies and funding that catalyzed a CGT ecosystem that includes biotech companies, academics, healthcare providers, investors, and the government. The sector has since boomed. By 2018, the number of \u003ca href=\"/industries/life-sciences/our-insights/driving-the-next-wave-of-innovation-in-car-t-cell-therapies\"\u003echimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T-cell therapy trials in China\u003c/a\u003e\u0026nbsp;had surpassed those in the United States, for example, and some 30 companies involved in the trials were building over 10,000 square meters of manufacturing space.[[Footnote 14]]\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003chr /\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eEurope has made great strides toward harnessing the potential of CGT as the science and the industry that supports it steadily progresses. Overcoming the barriers that still stand in the way is no small task. But during the COVID-19 pandemic, we have witnessed how collaborative, concerted efforts can drive innovation forward: new vaccines based on messenger RNA, a form of gene therapy, have progressed to Phase III in months rather than years. All eyes now have to be kept fixed firmly on the CGT prize that lies ahead so that we can keep working diligently toward it.\u003c/p\u003e"},"isFullScreenInteractive":{"boolValue":false},"hideStickySocialShareBar":{"boolValue":false},"desktopID":{"value":""},"mobileID":{"value":""},"desktopURL":{"value":""},"mobileURL":{"value":""},"desktopPaddingPercentage":{"value":""},"mobilePaddingPercentage":{"value":""},"desktopOverrideHeight":{"value":""},"mobileOverrideHeight":{"value":""},"cerosOembedURL":{"value":""},"cerosRenderMode":{"targetItem":null},"cerosBackgroundColor":{"targetItem":null},"hideByLine":{"boolValue":false},"tableOfContentsTitle":{"value":"TABLE OF CONTENTS"},"accessStatus":{"targetItem":{"key":{"value":"RegisteredUsers"},"value":{"value":"Registered Users"}}},"articleType":{"targetItem":{"displayName":"Article"}},"hasSpecialReport":{"boolValue":false},"contentType":{"targetItem":{"displayName":"Article"}},"sourcePublication":{"targetItem":null},"externalPublication":{"value":""},"mobileReady":{"boolValue":true},"forClientsOnly":{"boolValue":false},"excludeFromClientLink":{"boolValue":false},"originalPublishDate":{"jsonValue":{"value":"2021-01-19T00:00:00Z"}},"footnotes":{"value":"\u003col\u003e\n \u003cli\u003eThe difference in disease prevalence is partly accounted for by population size (the US population is approximately half that of Europe). However, different countries also have different levels of certain diseases due to their gene pools. Beta-thalassemia, for example, is particularly prevalent in Mediterranean countries. See Renzo Galanello and Raffaella Origa, \u0026ldquo;Beta-thalassemia,\u0026rdquo; \u003cem\u003eOrphanet Journal of Rare Diseases\u003c/em\u003e, 2010, Volume 5, Number 11, ojrd.biomedcentral.com. \u003c/li\u003e\n \u003cli\u003eThis article does not discuss the impact of Brexit on the CGT sector within the European Union. The United Kingdom is a leader in CGT: since 2012, one-third of all new biotech companies in Europe have been launched there. However, at the time of writing, its terms of future trade with the European Union had not been settled, so the potential impact on European CGT is unknown. See \u003cem\u003eBiotech in Europe: Scaling innovation 2019\u003c/em\u003e, 20th Annual Bio\u0026euro;quity Europe, Barcelona, Spain, May 20\u0026ndash;21, 2019, cms.biocentury.com. \u003c/li\u003e\n \u003cli\u003e\u0026ldquo;World university rankings 2019 by subject: Life sciences,\u0026rdquo; Times Higher Education, December 5, 2019, timeshighereducation.com. \u003c/li\u003e\n \u003cli\u003e\u003cem\u003eBiotech in Europe: Scaling innovation 2019\u003c/em\u003e, 20th Annual Bio\u0026euro;quity Europe, Barcelona, Spain, May 20\u0026ndash;21, 2019, cms.biocentury.com. \u003c/li\u003e\n \u003cli\u003e\u0026ldquo;Press release: The Nobel Prize in Chemistry 2020,\u0026rdquo; Nobel Media AB, October 7, 2020, nobelprize.org.\n \u003c/li\u003e\n \u003cli\u003e\u003cem\u003eBiotech in Europe: Scaling innovation 2019\u003c/em\u003e, 20th Annual Bio\u0026euro;quity Europe, Barcelona, Spain, May 20\u0026ndash;21, 2019, cms.biocentury.com. \u003c/li\u003e\n \u003cli\u003eThe figures show deals where the value was disclosed. This represents only about 25 percent of all deals in any one year. \u003c/li\u003e\n \u003cli\u003e\u003cem\u003eBiotech in Europe: Scaling innovation 2019\u003c/em\u003e, 20th Annual Bio\u0026euro;quity Europe, Barcelona, Spain, May 20\u0026ndash;21, 2019, cms.biocentury.com. \u003c/li\u003e\n \u003cli\u003e\u0026ldquo;Past budgets,\u0026rdquo; National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences, ncats.nih.gov. \u003c/li\u003e\n \u003cli\u003eFlorin Zubașcu, \u0026ldquo;Leaders agree on slimmed-down \u0026euro;80.9b for Horizon Europe,\u0026rdquo; Science Business, July 20, 2020, sciencebusiness.net. \u003c/li\u003e\n \u003cli\u003eThe United Kingdom, for example, invested \u0026pound;530 million over ten years in translational research between 2008 and 2018. See \u0026ldquo;Bridging the \u0026lsquo;valley of death\u0026rsquo; in the UK with MRC\u0026rsquo;s public investment in translational research,\u0026rdquo; Trialsite News, September 16, 2019, trialsitenews.com. \u003c/li\u003e\n \u003cli\u003eEvaluatePharma\u0026reg; October 2020, Evaluate Ltd. \u003c/li\u003e\n \u003cli\u003eKyle Blankenship, \u0026ldquo;Novartis\u0026rsquo; new cell therapy facility could ease manufacturing squeeze for CAR-T med Kymriah,\u0026rdquo; FiercePharma, December 2, 2019, fiercepharma.com. \u003c/li\u003e\n \u003cli\u003eDavid Crow, Tom Hancock, and Wang Xueqiao, \u0026ldquo;Healthcare: Cancer breakthrough leads China\u0026rsquo;s biotech boom,\u0026rdquo; Financial Times,\n April 11, 2018, ft.com. \u003c/li\u003e\n\u003c/ol\u003e"},"contributoryPractice":{"targetItems":[{"displayName":"Life Sciences"}]},"aboutTheAuthors":{"value":"\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eAlberto Loche\u003c/strong\u003e is an associate partner in McKinsey\u0026rsquo;s Zurich office, where \u003cstrong\u003eNils Paolucci\u003c/strong\u003e is a consultant and \u003cstrong\u003e\u003ca href=\"/our-people/nils-peters\"\u003eNils Peters\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/strong\u003e is a partner; and \u003cstrong\u003e\u003ca href=\"/our-people/lieven-van-der-veken\"\u003eLieven Van der Veken\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/strong\u003e is a senior partner in the Geneva office.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThe authors wish to thank Matthias Evers, Andrea Gennari, Robert Hermann, Martin M\u0026oslash;ller, Ralf Otto, Kia Parssanedjad, Jorge Santos da Silva, and Guang Yang for their contributions to this article.\u003c/p\u003e"},"authors":{"targetItems":[{"template":{"id":"3FBABDB63A094F68B1F8E1BBE1BA124E","name":"Author"},"id":"A75FA160165F42C9BF27351F222C4867","name":"Alberto Loche","authorTitle":{"value":"Alberto Loche"},"description":{"value":""},"thumbnailImage":{"alt":"","src":null},"profile":{"targetItems":[]}},{"template":{"id":"3FBABDB63A094F68B1F8E1BBE1BA124E","name":"Author"},"id":"4956DBB3EE48487D92D9B28DECF55A34","name":"Nils Paolucci","authorTitle":{"value":"Nils Paolucci"},"description":{"value":""},"thumbnailImage":{"alt":"","src":null},"profile":{"targetItems":[]}},{"template":{"id":"3FBABDB63A094F68B1F8E1BBE1BA124E","name":"Author"},"id":"B19B8A340DA14AAC99779ECFFAA0BBE2","name":"Nils Peters","authorTitle":{"value":"Nils Peters"},"description":{"value":""},"thumbnailImage":{"alt":"","src":null},"profile":{"targetItems":[{"standardImage":{"src":"/~/media/mckinsey/our people/nils peters/nils-peters_fc_profile_1536x1152.jpg","alt":"Nils Peters"},"emailLinks":{"value":"Nils_Peters@mckinsey.com"},"linkedInUrl":{"value":"linkedin.com/in/nils-peters-a72a4833"},"description":{"value":"Supports innovators in biopharmaceutical and medical devices with a broad range of challenges, from shaping portfolios to transforming go-to-market models and leads our global domain for biopharma launch"},"locations":{"targetItems":[{"name":"Zurich","displayName":"Zurich"}]},"firmTitle":{"value":"Senior Partner"},"thumbnailImage":{"alt":"Nils Peters","src":"/~/media/mckinsey/our people/nils peters/nils-peters_fc_headshot_988x741.jpg"},"url":{"path":"/our-people/nils-peters"}}]}},{"template":{"id":"3FBABDB63A094F68B1F8E1BBE1BA124E","name":"Author"},"id":"E9737C34C34A4A7C8CCC4363283EFA52","name":"Lieven Van der Veken","authorTitle":{"value":"Lieven Van der Veken"},"description":{"value":""},"thumbnailImage":{"alt":"","src":null},"profile":{"targetItems":[{"standardImage":{"src":"/~/media/mckinsey/our people/lieven van der veken/lieven_van der veken_standard_profile_1536x1152.jpg","alt":"Lieven Van der Veken"},"emailLinks":{"value":"Lieven_Van_Der_Veken@mckinsey.com"},"linkedInUrl":{"value":"https://www.linkedin.com/in/lieven-van-der-veken-379a9b"},"description":{"value":"Draws on his professional background in neuroscience to help pharmaceutical companies and public health organizations with challenges in strategy, growth, innovation, leadership, and change"},"locations":{"targetItems":[{"name":"Lyon","displayName":"Lyon"}]},"firmTitle":{"value":"Senior Partner"},"thumbnailImage":{"alt":"Lieven Van der Veken","src":"/~/media/mckinsey/our people/lieven van der veken/lieven_van der veken_headshot_988x741.jpg"},"url":{"path":"/our-people/lieven-van-der-veken"}}]}}]},"nonPartnerAuthors":{"targetItems":[]},"interactiveToUse":{"targetItem":null},"enableArticleComponents":{"boolValue":false},"relatedArticles":{"targetItems":[{"sourcePublication":{"targetItem":null},"publicationSource":null,"externalPublication":{"value":""},"title":{"value":"COVID-19 and cell and gene therapy: How to keep innovation on track"},"url":{"path":"/industries/life-sciences/our-insights/covid-19-and-cell-and-gene-therapy-how-to-keep-innovation-on-track"},"eyebrow":{"targetItem":{"name":"Article"}},"articleType":{"targetItem":{"name":"Article"}},"contentType":{"targetItem":{"name":"Article"}},"description":{"value":"Cell and gene therapies promise life-changing treatments, but the pandemic has hit the sector hard. A survey reveals the extent of the disruption and suggests actions to help companies become more resilient."},"standardImage":{"src":"/~/media/mckinsey/industries/life sciences/our insights/covid 19 and cell and gene therapy how to keep innovation on track/1248569517-1536x1536.jpg","alt":"COVID-19 and cell and gene therapy: How to keep innovation on track"},"heroImage":null,"thumbnailImage":null},{"sourcePublication":{"targetItem":null},"publicationSource":null,"externalPublication":{"value":""},"title":{"value":"Biopharma portfolio strategy in the era of cell and gene therapy"},"url":{"path":"/industries/life-sciences/our-insights/biopharma-portfolio-strategy-in-the-era-of-cell-and-gene-therapy"},"eyebrow":{"targetItem":{"name":"Article"}},"articleType":{"targetItem":{"name":"Article"}},"contentType":{"targetItem":{"name":"Article"}},"description":{"value":"Many biopharma companies are investing in cell and gene therapy, albeit cautiously, amid a nascent market. Understanding investment opportunities and entry strategies will help guide their portfolio decisions."},"standardImage":{"src":"/~/media/mckinsey/industries/life sciences/our insights/biopharma portfolio strategy in the era of cell and gene therapy/portfolio-1536x1536.jpg","alt":"Biopharma portfolio strategy in the era of cell and gene therapy"},"heroImage":null,"thumbnailImage":null},{"sourcePublication":{"targetItem":null},"publicationSource":null,"externalPublication":{"value":""},"title":{"value":"Biotech in Europe: A strong foundation for growth and innovation"},"url":{"path":"/industries/life-sciences/our-insights/biotech-in-europe-a-strong-foundation-for-growth-and-innovation"},"eyebrow":{"targetItem":{"name":"Article"}},"articleType":{"targetItem":{"name":"Article"}},"contentType":{"targetItem":{"name":"Article"}},"description":{"value":"European companies have an opportunity to play a stronger role in the industry by focusing on three factors."},"standardImage":{"src":"/~/media/mckinsey/industries/life sciences/our insights/biotech in europe a strong foundation for growth and innovation/biotech-in-europe-standard-offset0-1536x1536.jpg","alt":"Biotech in Europe: A strong foundation for growth and innovation"},"heroImage":null,"thumbnailImage":null}]},"useEnhancedAuthors":{"boolValue":false},"acknowledgements":{"value":""},"showSocialShareFooter":{"boolValue":false},"template":{"id":"683910db-02ba-40ba-92e7-726c880160a9"},"hideFromSearchEngines":{"boolValue":false},"heroFiftyFiftyBackground":{"targetItem":null},"backgroundColor":{"targetItem":null},"gradientDirection":{"targetItem":{"key":{"value":"Bottom Right"},"value":{"value":"bottom-right"}}},"hideStickySubscriptionBar":{"value":false},"enableRegWall":{"boolValue":false},"timer":{"value":"8"},"regWallHeading":{"value":""},"showGoToHomeLink":{"boolValue":false},"regWallDescription":{"value":""},"isInsightsStorePage":{"boolValue":false},"enableRatingsForArticleBody":{"boolValue":false},"enableRatingsForMostPopular":{"boolValue":false},"selectedModalSubscriptions":{"targetItems":[]},"link1":{"queryString":"","className":"","anchor":"","linkType":"internal","url":"","text":"","targetItem":null},"link2":{"queryString":"","className":"","anchor":"","linkType":"internal","url":"","text":"","targetItem":null},"link3":{"queryString":"","className":"","anchor":"","linkType":"internal","url":"","text":"","targetItem":null},"link4":{"queryString":"","className":"","anchor":"","linkType":"internal","url":"","text":"","targetItem":null},"link5":{"queryString":"","className":"","anchor":"","linkType":"internal","url":"","text":"","targetItem":null},"fullReportPDF":{"name":"Full Report PDF","src":null,"displayName":null,"title":null,"keywords":null,"description":null,"extension":null,"mimeType":null,"size":null,"pageCount":null,"thumbnailImageSrc":""},"fullReportPDFDisplayName":{"value":""},"appendixPDF":{"name":"Appendix PDF","src":null,"displayName":null,"title":null,"keywords":null,"description":null,"extension":null,"mimeType":null,"size":null,"pageCount":null,"thumbnailImageSrc":""},"appendixPDFDisplayName":{"value":""},"articlePDF":{"name":"Article PDF","src":"/~/media/mckinsey/industries/life sciences/our insights/a call to action opportunities and challenges for cgts in europe/a-call-to-action-opportunities-and-challenges-for-cgts-in-europe.pdf","displayName":"A-call-to-action-Opportunities-and-challenges-for-CGTs-in-Europe","title":"A call to action: Opportunities and challenges for CGTs in Europe","keywords":"","description":"","extension":"pdf","mimeType":"application/pdf","size":857823,"pageCount":"10","thumbnailImageSrc":"/~/media/mckinsey/industries/life sciences/our insights/a call to action opportunities and challenges for cgts in europe/a-call-to-action-opportunities-and-challenges-for-cgts-in-europe_thumbnail.jpeg"},"briefingNotePDF":{"name":"Briefing Note PDF","src":null,"displayName":null,"title":null,"keywords":null,"description":null,"extension":null,"mimeType":null,"size":null,"pageCount":null,"thumbnailImageSrc":""},"discussionPapersPDF":{"name":"Discussion Papers PDF","src":null,"displayName":null,"title":null,"keywords":null,"description":null,"extension":null,"mimeType":null,"size":null,"pageCount":null,"thumbnailImageSrc":""},"executiveSummaryPDF":{"name":"Executive Summary PDF","src":null,"displayName":null,"title":null,"keywords":null,"description":null,"extension":null,"mimeType":null,"size":null,"pageCount":null,"thumbnailImageSrc":""},"executiveSummaryPDFDisplayName":{"value":""},"researchPreviewPDF":{"name":"Research Preview PDF","src":null,"displayName":null,"title":null,"keywords":null,"description":null,"extension":null,"mimeType":null,"size":null,"pageCount":null,"thumbnailImageSrc":""},"heroImage":{"src":"/~/media/mckinsey/industries/life sciences/our insights/a call to action opportunities and challenges for cgts in europe/cgts-in-europe-hero-1536x864.jpg","alt":"A call to action: Opportunities and challenges for CGTs in Europe"},"standardImage":{"src":"/~/media/mckinsey/industries/life sciences/our insights/a call to action opportunities and challenges for cgts in europe/cgts-in-europe-1536x1536.jpg","alt":"A call to action: Opportunities and challenges for CGTs in Europe"},"heroImageTopOffset":{"value":""},"headerOverlayOpacity":{"targetItem":null},"heroType":{"targetItem":{"displayName":"Existing"}},"photoOverlayOpacity":{"targetItem":null},"hideHero":{"boolValue":false},"renderStackedHeroLayoutForMobile":{"boolValue":false},"articleHeroVideoId":{"value":""},"podcastHeroOmnyAudioID":{"value":""},"heroBespokeInteractiveID":{"value":""},"bespokeHeroRenderMode":{"targetItem":null},"audio":{"results":[{"id":"799F28806BF140BE8932D2F33097D792","omnyPlayerAudioURL":{"value":""},"iTunesURL":{"value":""},"soundcloudAudioFile":{"value":""},"displayNumber":{"value":""},"headline":{"jsonValue":{"value":"Listen to this article"}},"mediaEyebrow":{"jsonValue":{"value":""}},"description":{"jsonValue":{"value":""}},"libraryAudioFile":{"src":"/~/media/mckinsey/industries/life sciences/our insights/a call to action opportunities and challenges for cgts in europe/audio-a-call-to-action-opportunities-and-challenges-for-cgts-in-europe.mp3"},"renderMode":{"targetItem":null},"hideMediaEyebrow":{"boolValue":false},"mediaID":{"value":"1"},"template":{"name":"Audio"}}]},"disruptor1up":{"results":[{"mediaID":{"value":"cop"},"title":{"value":"Explore COP29 with McKinsey"},"description":{"value":"Join our series of dynamic virtual events during COP29. Discover new research, practical strategies, and collaborations across sectors to move climate action beyond why to how."},"image":{"src":"/~/media/mckinsey/business functions/sustainability/how we help clients/cop/cop29/cop_29_thumb.jpg","alt":"McKinsey at COP29"},"moreLinks":{"jsonValue":{"value":[{"CssClass":"","LinkType":"external","Target":"","Text":"Register","Title":"","Url":"https://mckinsey.cventevents.com/Q2MVE1?rt=RrQJ1iBSfEiqSK7N9VAGCw\u0026RefId=cop"}]}}},{"mediaID":{"value":"attheedge"},"title":{"value":"Subscribe to the \u003cem\u003eAt the Edge\u003c/em\u003e podcast"},"description":{"value":""},"image":{"src":null,"alt":""},"moreLinks":{"jsonValue":{"value":[{"CssClass":"btn btn-fill","LinkType":"external","Target":"","Text":"Apple Podcasts","Title":"","Url":"https://podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast/at-the-edge/id1612870236"},{"CssClass":"btn btn-fill","LinkType":"external","Target":"","Text":"Spotify","Title":"","Url":"https://open.spotify.com/show/3SnUcezwM20nKnzqvUl6iF"}]}}},{"mediaID":{"value":"authortalks"},"title":{"value":"Visit \u003cem\u003e\u003ca href=\"/featured-insights/mckinsey-on-books/author-talks\"\u003eAuthor Talks\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/em\u003e to see the full series."},"description":{"value":""},"image":{"src":"/~/media/mckinsey/featured insights/mckinsey books/author talks/authortalks_1536x1536_v1.png","alt":"Author Talks"},"moreLinks":{"jsonValue":{"value":[{"CssClass":"","LinkType":"internal","Target":"","Text":"Learn more","Title":"","Url":"/featured-insights/mckinsey-on-books/author-talks"}]}}},{"mediaID":{"value":"COVID"},"title":{"value":"Explore McKinsey’s ongoing coverage of the pandemic"},"description":{"value":""},"image":{"src":"/~/media/mckinsey/business functions/risk/our insights/covid 19 implications for business/implications-briefing-note-4-standard-1536x1536.jpg","alt":"COVID-19: Implications for business"},"moreLinks":{"jsonValue":{"value":[{"CssClass":"","LinkType":"internal","Target":"","Text":"Read more about the business impact of coronavirus and how organizations can respond","Title":"","Url":"/featured-insights/coronavirus-leading-through-the-crisis"}]}}},{"mediaID":{"value":"CE"},"title":{"value":"Customer experience"},"description":{"value":"More insight into creating competitive advantage by putting customers first and managing their journeys."},"image":{"src":"/~/media/mckinsey/industries/public and social sector/our insights/customer experience/customer-experience_22934010_1536x864.jpg","alt":"Customer experience"},"moreLinks":{"jsonValue":{"value":[{"CssClass":"","LinkType":"internal","Target":"","Text":"Learn more","Title":"","Url":""}]}}},{"mediaID":{"value":"driversofdisruption"},"title":{"value":"Want to subscribe to \u003ca href=\"/features/mckinsey-center-for-future-mobility/our-insights/drivers-of-disruption\"\u003e\u003cem\u003eDrivers of Disruption\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/a\u003e?"},"description":{"value":""},"image":{"src":null,"alt":""},"moreLinks":{"jsonValue":{"value":[{"CssClass":"btn btn-fill","LinkType":"external","Target":"","Text":"Apple Podcasts","Title":"","Url":"https://podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast/drivers-of-disruption/id1687257324"},{"CssClass":"btn btn-fill","LinkType":"external","Target":"","Text":"Spotify","Title":"","Url":"https://open.spotify.com/show/5fWXzWmVKacc5I7u9CQsah?si=KQ-wUOSyQlqcnfexExiH9Q\u0026nd=1"}]}}},{"mediaID":{"value":"JOL"},"title":{"value":"The Journey of Leadership"},"description":{"value":"\u003cstrong\u003eHow CEOs Learn to Lead from the Inside Out\u003c/strong\u003e\u003cbr /\u003e\nBy \u003ca href=\"/our-people/dana-maor\"\u003eDana Maor\u003c/a\u003e, \u003ca href=\"https://www.linkedin.com/in/hanswernerkaas\"\u003eHans-Werner Kaas\u003c/a\u003e, \u003ca href=\"/our-people/kurt-strovink\"\u003eKurt Strovink\u003c/a\u003e, and \u003ca href=\"/our-people/ramesh-srinivasan\"\u003eRamesh Srinivasan\u003c/a\u003e"},"image":{"src":"/~/media/mckinsey/featured insights/mckinsey books/journey of leadership/journey-of-leadership-book-cover-1536x1536.jpg","alt":"The Journey of Leadership book cover"},"moreLinks":{"jsonValue":{"value":[{"CssClass":"","LinkType":"internal","Target":"","Text":"Learn more","Title":"","Url":"/featured-insights/mckinsey-on-books/journey-of-leadership"}]}}},{"mediaID":{"value":"surveys"},"title":{"value":"McKinsey\u0026rsquo;s original survey research"},"description":{"value":""},"image":{"src":"/~/media/mckinsey/featured insights/mckinsey global surveys/mck-global-survey-landing-1284442931-thumb-1536x1536.jpg","alt":"McKinsey Global Surveys"},"moreLinks":{"jsonValue":{"value":[{"CssClass":"","LinkType":"internal","Target":"","Text":"Read more","Title":"","Url":"/featured-insights/mckinsey-global-surveys"}]}}},{"mediaID":{"value":"healthcarepodcast"},"title":{"value":"Want to subscribe to \u003cem\u003eMcKinsey on Healthcare\u003c/em\u003e?"},"description":{"value":""},"image":{"src":null,"alt":""},"moreLinks":{"jsonValue":{"value":[{"CssClass":"btn btn-fill","LinkType":"external","Target":"","Text":"Apple Podcasts","Title":"","Url":"https://podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast/mckinsey-on-healthcare/id1469979748"},{"CssClass":"btn btn-fill","LinkType":"external","Target":"","Text":"Spotify","Title":"","Url":"https://open.spotify.com/show/3y1AgAilV4E5Jz0x4wD9O2?si=mLCTUQ2ORTS_LC5gW_htlA\u0026dl_branch=1"}]}}},{"mediaID":{"value":"myleadershipjourney"},"title":{"value":"My Leadership Journey"},"description":{"value":"A series of conversations with leaders about the people and experiences that shaped them"},"image":{"src":"/~/media/mckinsey/business functions/people and organizational performance/our insights/my leadership journey/my leadership journey collection page_131575496_thumb_1536x1536.jpg","alt":"My Leadership Journey"},"moreLinks":{"jsonValue":{"value":[{"CssClass":"","LinkType":"internal","Target":"","Text":"Learn more","Title":"","Url":"/capabilities/people-and-organizational-performance/our-insights/my-leadership-journey"}]}}},{"mediaID":{"value":"lessonsfromleaders"},"title":{"value":"State of Organizations: Lessons from leaders"},"description":{"value":""},"image":{"src":"/~/media/mckinsey/business functions/people and organizational performance/our insights/state of org lessons from leaders/soo-chapter-2-872507320-standard-1536x1536.jpg","alt":"\"\""},"moreLinks":{"jsonValue":{"value":[{"CssClass":"","LinkType":"internal","Target":"","Text":"Explore more interviews","Title":"","Url":"/capabilities/people-and-organizational-performance/our-insights/lessons-from-leaders"}]}}},{"mediaID":{"value":"stateoforg"},"title":{"value":"The State of Organizations 2023"},"description":{"value":""},"image":{"src":null,"alt":""},"moreLinks":{"jsonValue":{"value":[{"CssClass":"","LinkType":"internal","Target":"","Text":"Report overview","Title":"","Url":"/capabilities/people-and-organizational-performance/our-insights/the-state-of-organizations-2023"}]}}},{"mediaID":{"value":"titaniumeconomy"},"title":{"value":"The Titanium Economy"},"description":{"value":"How Industrial Technology Can Create a Better, Faster, Stronger America\u003cbr /\u003e\nBy \u003ca href=\"/our-people/asutosh-padhi\"\u003eAsutosh Padhi\u003c/a\u003e, Gaurav Batra, and \u003ca href=\"https://fernweh.com/nick-santhanam/\"\u003eNick Santhanam\u003c/a\u003e"},"image":{"src":"/~/media/mckinsey/featured insights/mckinsey books/the titanium economy/titanium_3d-1536x1536-hero-trans.png","alt":"The Titanium Economy Book cover"},"moreLinks":{"jsonValue":{"value":[{"CssClass":"","LinkType":"internal","Target":"","Text":"Learn more","Title":"","Url":"/featured-insights/mckinsey-on-books/the-titanium-economy"}]}}},{"mediaID":{"value":"GII"},"title":{"value":"Global Infrastructure Initiative"},"description":{"value":"Convening global leaders in infrastructure and capital projects in pursuit of new solutions"},"image":{"src":"/~/media/mckinsey/business functions/operations/our insights/the global infrastructure initiative/jpg-cpi-improving-construction-productivity-1536x864.jpg","alt":"Improving construction productivity"},"moreLinks":{"jsonValue":{"value":[{"CssClass":"","LinkType":"external","Target":"","Text":"Learn more","Title":"","Url":"http://www.globalinfrastructureinitiative.com/"}]}}},{"mediaID":{"value":"FOApodcast"},"title":{"value":"Subscribe to \u003ca href=\"/featured-insights/future-of-asia/future-of-asia-podcasts\"\u003e\u003cem\u003eFuture of Asia Podcasts\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/a\u003e"},"description":{"value":""},"image":{"src":null,"alt":""},"moreLinks":{"jsonValue":{"value":[{"CssClass":"btn btn-fill","LinkType":"external","Target":"","Text":"Apple Podcasts","Title":"","Url":"https://podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast/future-of-asia/id1480316959"},{"CssClass":"btn btn-fill","LinkType":"external","Target":"","Text":"Spotify","Title":"","Url":"https://open.spotify.com/show/2CZX4AR2DT4hQCFKJG0cCv?si=B20tkrOmQYymuCUhKCQOwA"}]}}},{"mediaID":{"value":"logisticsdisruptors"},"title":{"value":"Logistics Disruptors"},"description":{"value":"Meet the companies shaping how goods will move tomorrow."},"image":{"src":"/~/media/mckinsey/industries/travel logistics and infrastructure/our insights/logistics disruptors/tli-logistics-disruptors-1536x1536.jpeg","alt":"illustration autonomous truck driving off into the future"},"moreLinks":{"jsonValue":{"value":[{"CssClass":"","LinkType":"internal","Target":"","Text":"Learn more","Title":"","Url":"/industries/travel-logistics-and-infrastructure/our-insights/logistics-disruptors"}]}}},{"mediaID":{"value":"mckinseyexplainers"},"title":{"value":"Looking for direct answers to other complex questions?"},"description":{"value":""},"image":{"src":"/~/media/mckinsey/featured insights/mckinsey explainers/mckinseyexplainers-flat-thumb-1536x1536.jpg","alt":"Circular, white maze filled with white semicircles."},"moreLinks":{"jsonValue":{"value":[{"CssClass":"","LinkType":"internal","Target":"","Text":"Explore the full McKinsey Explainers series","Title":"","Url":"/featured-insights/mckinsey-explainers"}]}}},{"mediaID":{"value":"livesandlegacies"},"title":{"value":"\u003cem\u003e\u003ca href=\"/featured-insights/mckinsey-on-lives-and-legacies\"\u003eMcKinsey on Lives \u0026amp; Legacies\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/em\u003e"},"description":{"value":"Highlighting the lasting impact of leaders and executives"},"image":{"src":"/~/media/mckinsey/featured insights/mckinsey on lives and legacies/lives-and-legacies-landing-page-thumb-1536x1536.jpg","alt":"McKinsey on Lives \u0026 Legacies"},"moreLinks":{"jsonValue":{"value":[{"CssClass":"","LinkType":"internal","Target":"","Text":"Explore previous obituaries","Title":"","Url":"/featured-insights/mckinsey-on-lives-and-legacies"}]}}},{"mediaID":{"value":"Strategy"},"title":{"value":"Strategy in a digital age"},"description":{"value":"Our series on developing corporate and business-unit strategies in a digitally disrupted world."},"image":{"src":"/~/media/mckinsey/business functions/mckinsey digital/our insights/strategy in a digital age/digital-strategy_1536x864_flexpromoimage.jpg","alt":""},"moreLinks":{"jsonValue":{"value":[{"CssClass":"","LinkType":"internal","Target":"","Text":"View the collection","Title":"","Url":"/featured-insights/strategy-in-a-digital-age"}]}}},{"mediaID":{"value":"great"},"title":{"value":"The great re-make: Manufacturing for modern times"},"description":{"value":"This 21-article compendium gives practical insights for manufacturing leaders looking to keep a step ahead of today\u0026rsquo;s disruptions."},"image":{"src":"/~/media/mckinsey/business functions/operations/our insights/the great remake manufacturing for modern times/jpg-ops-dm-compendium-cover-1536x864.jpg","alt":"The great re-make: Manufacturing for modern times"},"moreLinks":{"jsonValue":{"value":[{"CssClass":"","LinkType":"internal","Target":"","Text":"View the collection","Title":"","Url":"/capabilities/operations/our-insights/the-great-re-make-manufacturing-for-modern-times-compendium"}]}}},{"mediaID":{"value":"futureofamerica"},"title":{"value":"Subscribe to the \u003cem\u003eFuture of America\u003c/em\u003e podcast"},"description":{"value":""},"image":{"src":null,"alt":""},"moreLinks":{"jsonValue":{"value":[{"CssClass":"btn btn-fill","LinkType":"external","Target":"_blank","Text":"Apple Podcasts","Title":"","Url":"https://podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast/future-of-america/id1616517376"},{"CssClass":"btn btn-fill","LinkType":"external","Target":"","Text":"Spotify","Title":"","Url":"https://open.spotify.com/show/0FpeyjojJTKf2hVtQ3otah"}]}}},{"mediaID":{"value":"governmentpodcast"},"title":{"value":"Subscribe to the \u003cem\u003eMcKinsey on Government\u003c/em\u003e podcast"},"description":{"value":""},"image":{"src":null,"alt":""},"moreLinks":{"jsonValue":{"value":[{"CssClass":"btn btn-fill","LinkType":"external","Target":"_blank","Text":"Apple Podcasts","Title":"","Url":"https://podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast/mckinsey-on-government/id1573645359"},{"CssClass":"btn btn-fill","LinkType":"external","Target":"","Text":"Spotify","Title":"","Url":"https://open.spotify.com/show/61XsO4B2ersroMft8t3KSq"}]}}},{"mediaID":{"value":"podcast"},"title":{"value":"Want to subscribe to the McKinsey Podcast?\n"},"description":{"value":"\u003cdiv class=\"cta-container -align-horizontal\"\u003e\n \u003ca href=\"#\" class=\"btn btn-fill\"\u003eGoogle Play\u003c/a\u003e\n \u003ca href=\"#\" class=\"btn btn-fill\"\u003eiTunes\u003c/a\u003e\n \u003ca href=\"#\" class=\"btn btn-fill\"\u003eStitcher\u003c/a\u003e\n \u003ca href=\"#\" class=\"btn mck-rss-icon\"\u003eRSS\u003c/a\u003e\n\u003c/div\u003e"},"image":{"src":null,"alt":""},"moreLinks":{"jsonValue":{"value":[]}}},{"mediaID":{"value":"operationspodcast"},"title":{"value":"Subscribe to the \u003cem\u003eMcKinsey Talks Operations\u003c/em\u003e podcast"},"description":{"value":""},"image":{"src":null,"alt":""},"moreLinks":{"jsonValue":{"value":[{"CssClass":"btn btn-fill","LinkType":"external","Target":"_blank","Text":"Apple Podcasts","Title":"","Url":"https://podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast/mckinsey-talks-operations/id1598128813"},{"CssClass":"btn btn-fill","LinkType":"external","Target":"","Text":"Spotify","Title":"","Url":"https://open.spotify.com/show/7LYQS2fxAoBmC3LgFNJbi8"}]}}},{"mediaID":{"value":"energyinsights"},"title":{"value":"Speak to an expert about our upstream capabilities"},"description":{"value":""},"image":{"src":"/~/media/mckinsey/industries/oil and gas/how we help clients/energy insights/newsletter-signup-promo-bar-1536x768.jpg","alt":"EI newsletter sign up"},"moreLinks":{"jsonValue":{"value":[{"CssClass":"btn btn-fill","LinkType":"internal","Target":"","Text":"Contact us","Title":"","Url":"/industries/oil-and-gas/how-we-help-clients/energy-solutions/contact-us"}]}}},{"mediaID":{"value":"buildingproductspodcast"},"title":{"value":"Subscribe to the \u003cem\u003eMcKinsey on Building Products\u003c/em\u003e podcast"},"description":{"value":""},"image":{"src":null,"alt":""},"moreLinks":{"jsonValue":{"value":[{"CssClass":"btn btn-fill","LinkType":"external","Target":"_blank","Text":"Apple Podcasts","Title":"","Url":"https://podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast/mckinsey-on-building-product/id1735607317"},{"CssClass":"btn btn-fill","LinkType":"external","Target":"_blank","Text":"Spotify","Title":"","Url":"https://open.spotify.com/show/79pncGJtBtzz7pFoR6OiH8"},{"CssClass":"","LinkType":"internal","Target":"","Text":"Listen to previous episodes","Title":"","Url":"/capabilities/people-and-organizational-performance/how-we-help-clients/mckinsey-academy/product-academy/mckinsey-on-building-product"}]}}},{"mediaID":{"value":"talentpodcast"},"title":{"value":"Subscribe to the \u003cem\u003eMcKinsey Talks Talent\u003c/em\u003e podcast"},"description":{"value":""},"image":{"src":null,"alt":""},"moreLinks":{"jsonValue":{"value":[{"CssClass":"btn btn-fill","LinkType":"external","Target":"_blank","Text":"Apple Podcasts","Title":"","Url":"https://podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast/mckinsey-talks-talent/id1491112396"},{"CssClass":"btn btn-fill","LinkType":"external","Target":"","Text":"Spotify","Title":"","Url":"https://open.spotify.com/show/5sW4eHEFMbOvAFJjMfN9a6"}]}}},{"mediaID":{"value":"outlook"},"title":{"value":"A longer, more comprehensive version of our Global Oil Supply \u0026 Demand Outlook is available for purchase upon request.\n"},"description":{"value":""},"image":{"src":null,"alt":""},"moreLinks":{"jsonValue":{"value":[{"CssClass":"btn btn-fill","LinkType":"internal","Target":"","Text":"Contact us","Title":"","Url":"/industries/oil-and-gas/how-we-help-clients/energy-solutions/contact-us"}]}}},{"mediaID":{"value":"talentpodcast2"},"title":{"value":"McKinsey Talks Talent Podcast"},"description":{"value":"Bryan Hancock, Brooke Weddle, and other talent experts help you navigate a fast-changing landscape and prepare for the future of work by making talent a competitive advantage."},"image":{"src":"/~/media/mckinsey/business functions/people and organizational performance/mckinsey talks talent/mck-mtt-disruptor-full-1536x864-smoke-may-2021.jpg","alt":"McKinsey Talks Talent"},"moreLinks":{"jsonValue":{"value":[{"CssClass":"","LinkType":"internal","Target":"","Text":"See more episodes","Title":"","Url":"/capabilities/people-and-organizational-performance/mckinsey-talks-talent-podcast"}]}}},{"mediaID":{"value":"investing"},"title":{"value":"Subscribe to McKinsey on Investing"},"description":{"value":""},"image":{"src":null,"alt":""},"moreLinks":{"jsonValue":{"value":[{"CssClass":"btn btn-fill","LinkType":"internal","Target":"","Text":"Learn more","Title":"","Url":"/industries/private-capital/our-insights/mckinsey-on-investing-issue-1/contact"}]}}},{"mediaID":{"value":"women matter"},"title":{"value":"Subscribe to McKinsey \u003cem\u003eWomen Matter Canada\u003c/em\u003e"},"description":{"value":"Please subscribe if your organization is interested in learning about participating in future research."},"image":{"src":null,"alt":""},"moreLinks":{"jsonValue":{"value":[{"CssClass":"btn btn-fill","LinkType":"internal","Target":"","Text":"Learn more","Title":"","Url":""}]}}},{"mediaID":{"value":"customs"},"title":{"value":"This article was written as part of a larger research effort to identify opportunities for improvement and innovation at customs agencies globally."},"description":{"value":""},"image":{"src":null,"alt":""},"moreLinks":{"jsonValue":{"value":[{"CssClass":"btn btn-fill","LinkType":"internal","Target":"","Text":"Learn more","Title":"","Url":"/industries/public-sector/our-insights/contact"}]}}},{"mediaID":{"value":"tech"},"title":{"value":"\u003cspan class=\"disrupt-ab\"\u003eCreating value beyond the hype\u003c/span\u003e"},"description":{"value":"Let\u0026rsquo;s deliver on the promise of technology from strategy to scale."},"image":{"src":"/~/media/mckinsey/business functions/mckinsey digital/how we help clients/2024/never-just-tech_thumb_1536x1536.jpg","alt":"Never just tech"},"moreLinks":{"jsonValue":{"value":[{"CssClass":"","LinkType":"external","Target":"","Text":"Get started","Title":"","Url":"https://www.mckinsey.com/capabilities/mckinsey-digital/how-we-help-clients?cid=njt-ste-crk-mbm-mbm--2403-promo01-njt-bam-web"}]}}},{"mediaID":{"value":"sust"},"title":{"value":"\u003cspan class=\"disrupt-ab\"\u003eMove from plans to progress.\u003c/span\u003e"},"description":{"value":"Sustainability matters. Together we’ll make it real."},"image":{"src":"/~/media/mckinsey/business functions/sustainability/how we help clients/sustainability-campaign_promo-thumb_1536x1536.jpg","alt":"Move from plans to progress."},"moreLinks":{"jsonValue":{"value":[{"CssClass":"","LinkType":"external","Target":"","Text":"Get started","Title":"","Url":"https://www.mckinsey.com/capabilities/sustainability/how-we-help-clients/?cid=susti24-ste-crk-mbm-m01-other-glb-web"}]}}},{"mediaID":{"value":"nwowpodcast"},"title":{"value":"Subscribe to the New World of Work podcast"},"description":{"value":""},"image":{"src":null,"alt":""},"moreLinks":{"jsonValue":{"value":[{"CssClass":"btn btn-fill","LinkType":"external","Target":"_blank","Text":"Apple Podcasts","Title":"","Url":"https://itunes.apple.com/us/podcast/the-new-world-of-work/id1319502839?mt=2"},{"CssClass":"btn btn-fill","LinkType":"external","Target":"","Text":"Spotify","Title":"","Url":"https://open.spotify.com/show/3S6fHLW6mcbDJDp1wkArKI"}]}}},{"mediaID":{"value":"globalpodcast"},"title":{"value":"Want to subscribe to \u003cem\u003eThe McKinsey Podcast\u003c/em\u003e?"},"description":{"value":""},"image":{"src":null,"alt":""},"moreLinks":{"jsonValue":{"value":[{"CssClass":"btn btn-fill","LinkType":"external","Target":"_blank","Text":"Apple Podcasts","Title":"","Url":"https://itunes.apple.com/us/podcast/the-mckinsey-podcast/id285260960?mt=2"},{"CssClass":"btn btn-fill","LinkType":"external","Target":"","Text":"Spotify","Title":"","Url":"https://open.spotify.com/show/4dyjRTP9xzEUPgleo6XjXI"},{"CssClass":"btn btn-fill","LinkType":"external","Target":"_blank","Text":"YouTube","Title":"","Url":"https://www.youtube.com/@McKinsey/podcasts"},{"CssClass":"","LinkType":"internal","Target":"","Text":"Listen to previous episodes","Title":"","Url":"/featured-insights/mckinsey-podcast"}]}}},{"mediaID":{"value":"Qaudio"},"title":{"value":"Discover and subscribe to McKinsey Quarterly Audio"},"description":{"value":"\u003cstrong\u003eFive ways to subscribe:\u003c/strong\u003e"},"image":{"src":null,"alt":""},"moreLinks":{"jsonValue":{"value":[{"CssClass":"btn btn-fill","LinkType":"external","Target":"_blank","Text":"Apple Podcasts","Title":"","Url":"https://itunes.apple.com/us/podcast/mckinsey-quarterly-audio/id1437925222?mt=2"},{"CssClass":"btn btn-fill","LinkType":"external","Target":"","Text":"Spotify","Title":"","Url":"https://open.spotify.com/show/5mb2zYJnrPcRrML8gx5doD"}]}}},{"mediaID":{"value":"shortlist"},"title":{"value":"Subscribe to the Shortlist"},"description":{"value":"McKinsey\u0026rsquo;s new weekly newsletter, featuring must-read content on a range of topics, every Friday"},"image":{"src":"/~/media/mckinsey/email/shortlist/template/shortlist_promo-interrupter-849120982_1536x1536.jpg","alt":"the Shortlist"},"moreLinks":{"jsonValue":{"value":[{"CssClass":"","LinkType":"internal","Target":"","Text":"Get the Shortlist in your inbox","Title":"","Url":"/user-registration/manage-account/edit-subscriptions"}]}}},{"mediaID":{"value":"retailpodcast"},"title":{"value":"Subscribe to the \u003cem\u003eMcKinsey on Consumer and Retail\u003c/em\u003e podcast"},"description":{"value":""},"image":{"src":null,"alt":""},"moreLinks":{"jsonValue":{"value":[{"CssClass":"btn btn-fill","LinkType":"external","Target":"_blank","Text":"Apple Podcasts","Title":"","Url":"https://podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast/mckinsey-on-consumer-and-retail/id1526250428"},{"CssClass":"btn btn-fill","LinkType":"external","Target":"_blank","Text":"Spotify","Title":"","Url":"https://open.spotify.com/show/41D4bro8PPDOGhEgOEJyHB?si=7l3SeYCZQD-7v3toqd9fHQ"}]}}},{"mediaID":{"value":"insurancepodcast"},"title":{"value":"Want to subscribe to the \u003cem\u003eMcKinsey on Insurance\u003c/em\u003e podcast?"},"description":{"value":""},"image":{"src":null,"alt":""},"moreLinks":{"jsonValue":{"value":[{"CssClass":"btn btn-fill","LinkType":"external","Target":"_blank","Text":"Apple Podcasts","Title":"","Url":"https://podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast/mckinsey-on-insurance/id1533196359"},{"CssClass":"btn btn-fill","LinkType":"external","Target":"_blank","Text":"Spotify","Title":"","Url":"https://open.spotify.com/show/5gZ6YKF7n7C9zWaER4mFZ5"}]}}},{"mediaID":{"value":"strategypodcast"},"title":{"value":"Subscribe to the \u003cem\u003eInside the Strategy Room\u003c/em\u003e podcast"},"description":{"value":""},"image":{"src":null,"alt":""},"moreLinks":{"jsonValue":{"value":[{"CssClass":"btn btn-fill","LinkType":"external","Target":"_blank","Text":"Apple Podcasts","Title":"","Url":"https://itunes.apple.com/us/podcast/inside-the-strategy-room/id1422814215?mt=2"},{"CssClass":"btn btn-fill","LinkType":"external","Target":"","Text":"Spotify","Title":"","Url":"https://open.spotify.com/show/4TcFfiQ0e6OYuc5kRDLxqj"}]}}},{"mediaID":{"value":"mgipodcast"},"title":{"value":"Subscribe to the \u003cem\u003eForward Thinking\u003c/em\u003e podcast"},"description":{"value":""},"image":{"src":null,"alt":""},"moreLinks":{"jsonValue":{"value":[{"CssClass":"btn btn-fill","LinkType":"external","Target":"_blank","Text":"Apple Podcasts","Title":"","Url":"https://podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast/forward-thinking/id1319502839"},{"CssClass":"btn btn-fill","LinkType":"external","Target":"_blank","Text":"Spotify","Title":"","Url":"https://open.spotify.com/show/3S6fHLW6mcbDJDp1wkArKI?si=0zvPmiCsQ7SBAPanfpY4aA\u0026nd=1"},{"CssClass":"","LinkType":"internal","Target":"","Text":"Listen to previous episodes","Title":"","Url":"/mgi/forward-thinking"}]}}}]},"globalDisruptors":{"disruptor1up":{"results":[{"mediaID":{"value":"cop"},"title":{"value":"Explore COP29 with McKinsey"},"description":{"value":"Join our series of dynamic virtual events during COP29. Discover new research, practical strategies, and collaborations across sectors to move climate action beyond why to how."},"image":{"src":"/~/media/mckinsey/business functions/sustainability/how we help clients/cop/cop29/cop_29_thumb.jpg","alt":"McKinsey at COP29"},"moreLinks":{"jsonValue":{"value":[{"CssClass":"","LinkType":"external","Target":"","Text":"Register","Title":"","Url":"https://mckinsey.cventevents.com/Q2MVE1?rt=RrQJ1iBSfEiqSK7N9VAGCw\u0026RefId=cop"}]}}},{"mediaID":{"value":"attheedge"},"title":{"value":"Subscribe to the \u003cem\u003eAt the Edge\u003c/em\u003e podcast"},"description":{"value":""},"image":{"src":null,"alt":""},"moreLinks":{"jsonValue":{"value":[{"CssClass":"btn btn-fill","LinkType":"external","Target":"","Text":"Apple Podcasts","Title":"","Url":"https://podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast/at-the-edge/id1612870236"},{"CssClass":"btn btn-fill","LinkType":"external","Target":"","Text":"Spotify","Title":"","Url":"https://open.spotify.com/show/3SnUcezwM20nKnzqvUl6iF"}]}}},{"mediaID":{"value":"authortalks"},"title":{"value":"Visit \u003cem\u003e\u003ca href=\"/featured-insights/mckinsey-on-books/author-talks\"\u003eAuthor Talks\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/em\u003e to see the full series."},"description":{"value":""},"image":{"src":"/~/media/mckinsey/featured insights/mckinsey books/author talks/authortalks_1536x1536_v1.png","alt":"Author Talks"},"moreLinks":{"jsonValue":{"value":[{"CssClass":"","LinkType":"internal","Target":"","Text":"Learn more","Title":"","Url":"/featured-insights/mckinsey-on-books/author-talks"}]}}},{"mediaID":{"value":"COVID"},"title":{"value":"Explore McKinsey’s ongoing coverage of the pandemic"},"description":{"value":""},"image":{"src":"/~/media/mckinsey/business functions/risk/our insights/covid 19 implications for business/implications-briefing-note-4-standard-1536x1536.jpg","alt":"COVID-19: Implications for business"},"moreLinks":{"jsonValue":{"value":[{"CssClass":"","LinkType":"internal","Target":"","Text":"Read more about the business impact of coronavirus and how organizations can respond","Title":"","Url":"/featured-insights/coronavirus-leading-through-the-crisis"}]}}},{"mediaID":{"value":"CE"},"title":{"value":"Customer experience"},"description":{"value":"More insight into creating competitive advantage by putting customers first and managing their journeys."},"image":{"src":"/~/media/mckinsey/industries/public and social sector/our insights/customer experience/customer-experience_22934010_1536x864.jpg","alt":"Customer experience"},"moreLinks":{"jsonValue":{"value":[{"CssClass":"","LinkType":"internal","Target":"","Text":"Learn more","Title":"","Url":""}]}}},{"mediaID":{"value":"driversofdisruption"},"title":{"value":"Want to subscribe to \u003ca href=\"/features/mckinsey-center-for-future-mobility/our-insights/drivers-of-disruption\"\u003e\u003cem\u003eDrivers of Disruption\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/a\u003e?"},"description":{"value":""},"image":{"src":null,"alt":""},"moreLinks":{"jsonValue":{"value":[{"CssClass":"btn btn-fill","LinkType":"external","Target":"","Text":"Apple Podcasts","Title":"","Url":"https://podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast/drivers-of-disruption/id1687257324"},{"CssClass":"btn btn-fill","LinkType":"external","Target":"","Text":"Spotify","Title":"","Url":"https://open.spotify.com/show/5fWXzWmVKacc5I7u9CQsah?si=KQ-wUOSyQlqcnfexExiH9Q\u0026nd=1"}]}}},{"mediaID":{"value":"JOL"},"title":{"value":"The Journey of Leadership"},"description":{"value":"\u003cstrong\u003eHow CEOs Learn to Lead from the Inside Out\u003c/strong\u003e\u003cbr /\u003e\nBy \u003ca href=\"/our-people/dana-maor\"\u003eDana Maor\u003c/a\u003e, \u003ca href=\"https://www.linkedin.com/in/hanswernerkaas\"\u003eHans-Werner Kaas\u003c/a\u003e, \u003ca href=\"/our-people/kurt-strovink\"\u003eKurt Strovink\u003c/a\u003e, and \u003ca href=\"/our-people/ramesh-srinivasan\"\u003eRamesh Srinivasan\u003c/a\u003e"},"image":{"src":"/~/media/mckinsey/featured insights/mckinsey books/journey of leadership/journey-of-leadership-book-cover-1536x1536.jpg","alt":"The Journey of Leadership book cover"},"moreLinks":{"jsonValue":{"value":[{"CssClass":"","LinkType":"internal","Target":"","Text":"Learn more","Title":"","Url":"/featured-insights/mckinsey-on-books/journey-of-leadership"}]}}},{"mediaID":{"value":"surveys"},"title":{"value":"McKinsey\u0026rsquo;s original survey research"},"description":{"value":""},"image":{"src":"/~/media/mckinsey/featured insights/mckinsey global surveys/mck-global-survey-landing-1284442931-thumb-1536x1536.jpg","alt":"McKinsey Global Surveys"},"moreLinks":{"jsonValue":{"value":[{"CssClass":"","LinkType":"internal","Target":"","Text":"Read more","Title":"","Url":"/featured-insights/mckinsey-global-surveys"}]}}},{"mediaID":{"value":"healthcarepodcast"},"title":{"value":"Want to subscribe to \u003cem\u003eMcKinsey on Healthcare\u003c/em\u003e?"},"description":{"value":""},"image":{"src":null,"alt":""},"moreLinks":{"jsonValue":{"value":[{"CssClass":"btn btn-fill","LinkType":"external","Target":"","Text":"Apple Podcasts","Title":"","Url":"https://podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast/mckinsey-on-healthcare/id1469979748"},{"CssClass":"btn btn-fill","LinkType":"external","Target":"","Text":"Spotify","Title":"","Url":"https://open.spotify.com/show/3y1AgAilV4E5Jz0x4wD9O2?si=mLCTUQ2ORTS_LC5gW_htlA\u0026dl_branch=1"}]}}},{"mediaID":{"value":"myleadershipjourney"},"title":{"value":"My Leadership Journey"},"description":{"value":"A series of conversations with leaders about the people and experiences that shaped them"},"image":{"src":"/~/media/mckinsey/business functions/people and organizational performance/our insights/my leadership journey/my leadership journey collection page_131575496_thumb_1536x1536.jpg","alt":"My Leadership Journey"},"moreLinks":{"jsonValue":{"value":[{"CssClass":"","LinkType":"internal","Target":"","Text":"Learn more","Title":"","Url":"/capabilities/people-and-organizational-performance/our-insights/my-leadership-journey"}]}}},{"mediaID":{"value":"lessonsfromleaders"},"title":{"value":"State of Organizations: Lessons from leaders"},"description":{"value":""},"image":{"src":"/~/media/mckinsey/business functions/people and organizational performance/our insights/state of org lessons from leaders/soo-chapter-2-872507320-standard-1536x1536.jpg","alt":"\"\""},"moreLinks":{"jsonValue":{"value":[{"CssClass":"","LinkType":"internal","Target":"","Text":"Explore more interviews","Title":"","Url":"/capabilities/people-and-organizational-performance/our-insights/lessons-from-leaders"}]}}},{"mediaID":{"value":"stateoforg"},"title":{"value":"The State of Organizations 2023"},"description":{"value":""},"image":{"src":null,"alt":""},"moreLinks":{"jsonValue":{"value":[{"CssClass":"","LinkType":"internal","Target":"","Text":"Report overview","Title":"","Url":"/capabilities/people-and-organizational-performance/our-insights/the-state-of-organizations-2023"}]}}},{"mediaID":{"value":"titaniumeconomy"},"title":{"value":"The Titanium Economy"},"description":{"value":"How Industrial Technology Can Create a Better, Faster, Stronger America\u003cbr /\u003e\nBy \u003ca href=\"/our-people/asutosh-padhi\"\u003eAsutosh Padhi\u003c/a\u003e, Gaurav Batra, and \u003ca href=\"https://fernweh.com/nick-santhanam/\"\u003eNick Santhanam\u003c/a\u003e"},"image":{"src":"/~/media/mckinsey/featured insights/mckinsey books/the titanium economy/titanium_3d-1536x1536-hero-trans.png","alt":"The Titanium Economy Book cover"},"moreLinks":{"jsonValue":{"value":[{"CssClass":"","LinkType":"internal","Target":"","Text":"Learn more","Title":"","Url":"/featured-insights/mckinsey-on-books/the-titanium-economy"}]}}},{"mediaID":{"value":"GII"},"title":{"value":"Global Infrastructure Initiative"},"description":{"value":"Convening global leaders in infrastructure and capital projects in pursuit of new solutions"},"image":{"src":"/~/media/mckinsey/business functions/operations/our insights/the global infrastructure initiative/jpg-cpi-improving-construction-productivity-1536x864.jpg","alt":"Improving construction productivity"},"moreLinks":{"jsonValue":{"value":[{"CssClass":"","LinkType":"external","Target":"","Text":"Learn more","Title":"","Url":"http://www.globalinfrastructureinitiative.com/"}]}}},{"mediaID":{"value":"FOApodcast"},"title":{"value":"Subscribe to \u003ca href=\"/featured-insights/future-of-asia/future-of-asia-podcasts\"\u003e\u003cem\u003eFuture of Asia Podcasts\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/a\u003e"},"description":{"value":""},"image":{"src":null,"alt":""},"moreLinks":{"jsonValue":{"value":[{"CssClass":"btn btn-fill","LinkType":"external","Target":"","Text":"Apple Podcasts","Title":"","Url":"https://podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast/future-of-asia/id1480316959"},{"CssClass":"btn btn-fill","LinkType":"external","Target":"","Text":"Spotify","Title":"","Url":"https://open.spotify.com/show/2CZX4AR2DT4hQCFKJG0cCv?si=B20tkrOmQYymuCUhKCQOwA"}]}}},{"mediaID":{"value":"logisticsdisruptors"},"title":{"value":"Logistics Disruptors"},"description":{"value":"Meet the companies shaping how goods will move tomorrow."},"image":{"src":"/~/media/mckinsey/industries/travel logistics and infrastructure/our insights/logistics disruptors/tli-logistics-disruptors-1536x1536.jpeg","alt":"illustration autonomous truck driving off into the future"},"moreLinks":{"jsonValue":{"value":[{"CssClass":"","LinkType":"internal","Target":"","Text":"Learn more","Title":"","Url":"/industries/travel-logistics-and-infrastructure/our-insights/logistics-disruptors"}]}}},{"mediaID":{"value":"mckinseyexplainers"},"title":{"value":"Looking for direct answers to other complex questions?"},"description":{"value":""},"image":{"src":"/~/media/mckinsey/featured insights/mckinsey explainers/mckinseyexplainers-flat-thumb-1536x1536.jpg","alt":"Circular, white maze filled with white semicircles."},"moreLinks":{"jsonValue":{"value":[{"CssClass":"","LinkType":"internal","Target":"","Text":"Explore the full McKinsey Explainers series","Title":"","Url":"/featured-insights/mckinsey-explainers"}]}}},{"mediaID":{"value":"livesandlegacies"},"title":{"value":"\u003cem\u003e\u003ca href=\"/featured-insights/mckinsey-on-lives-and-legacies\"\u003eMcKinsey on Lives \u0026amp; Legacies\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/em\u003e"},"description":{"value":"Highlighting the lasting impact of leaders and executives"},"image":{"src":"/~/media/mckinsey/featured insights/mckinsey on lives and legacies/lives-and-legacies-landing-page-thumb-1536x1536.jpg","alt":"McKinsey on Lives \u0026 Legacies"},"moreLinks":{"jsonValue":{"value":[{"CssClass":"","LinkType":"internal","Target":"","Text":"Explore previous obituaries","Title":"","Url":"/featured-insights/mckinsey-on-lives-and-legacies"}]}}},{"mediaID":{"value":"Strategy"},"title":{"value":"Strategy in a digital age"},"description":{"value":"Our series on developing corporate and business-unit strategies in a digitally disrupted world."},"image":{"src":"/~/media/mckinsey/business functions/mckinsey digital/our insights/strategy in a digital age/digital-strategy_1536x864_flexpromoimage.jpg","alt":""},"moreLinks":{"jsonValue":{"value":[{"CssClass":"","LinkType":"internal","Target":"","Text":"View the collection","Title":"","Url":"/featured-insights/strategy-in-a-digital-age"}]}}},{"mediaID":{"value":"great"},"title":{"value":"The great re-make: Manufacturing for modern times"},"description":{"value":"This 21-article compendium gives practical insights for manufacturing leaders looking to keep a step ahead of today\u0026rsquo;s disruptions."},"image":{"src":"/~/media/mckinsey/business functions/operations/our insights/the great remake manufacturing for modern times/jpg-ops-dm-compendium-cover-1536x864.jpg","alt":"The great re-make: Manufacturing for modern times"},"moreLinks":{"jsonValue":{"value":[{"CssClass":"","LinkType":"internal","Target":"","Text":"View the collection","Title":"","Url":"/capabilities/operations/our-insights/the-great-re-make-manufacturing-for-modern-times-compendium"}]}}},{"mediaID":{"value":"futureofamerica"},"title":{"value":"Subscribe to the \u003cem\u003eFuture of America\u003c/em\u003e podcast"},"description":{"value":""},"image":{"src":null,"alt":""},"moreLinks":{"jsonValue":{"value":[{"CssClass":"btn btn-fill","LinkType":"external","Target":"_blank","Text":"Apple Podcasts","Title":"","Url":"https://podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast/future-of-america/id1616517376"},{"CssClass":"btn btn-fill","LinkType":"external","Target":"","Text":"Spotify","Title":"","Url":"https://open.spotify.com/show/0FpeyjojJTKf2hVtQ3otah"}]}}},{"mediaID":{"value":"governmentpodcast"},"title":{"value":"Subscribe to the \u003cem\u003eMcKinsey on Government\u003c/em\u003e podcast"},"description":{"value":""},"image":{"src":null,"alt":""},"moreLinks":{"jsonValue":{"value":[{"CssClass":"btn btn-fill","LinkType":"external","Target":"_blank","Text":"Apple Podcasts","Title":"","Url":"https://podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast/mckinsey-on-government/id1573645359"},{"CssClass":"btn btn-fill","LinkType":"external","Target":"","Text":"Spotify","Title":"","Url":"https://open.spotify.com/show/61XsO4B2ersroMft8t3KSq"}]}}},{"mediaID":{"value":"podcast"},"title":{"value":"Want to subscribe to the McKinsey Podcast?\n"},"description":{"value":"\u003cdiv class=\"cta-container -align-horizontal\"\u003e\n \u003ca href=\"#\" class=\"btn btn-fill\"\u003eGoogle Play\u003c/a\u003e\n \u003ca href=\"#\" class=\"btn btn-fill\"\u003eiTunes\u003c/a\u003e\n \u003ca href=\"#\" class=\"btn btn-fill\"\u003eStitcher\u003c/a\u003e\n \u003ca href=\"#\" class=\"btn mck-rss-icon\"\u003eRSS\u003c/a\u003e\n\u003c/div\u003e"},"image":{"src":null,"alt":""},"moreLinks":{"jsonValue":{"value":[]}}},{"mediaID":{"value":"operationspodcast"},"title":{"value":"Subscribe to the \u003cem\u003eMcKinsey Talks Operations\u003c/em\u003e podcast"},"description":{"value":""},"image":{"src":null,"alt":""},"moreLinks":{"jsonValue":{"value":[{"CssClass":"btn btn-fill","LinkType":"external","Target":"_blank","Text":"Apple Podcasts","Title":"","Url":"https://podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast/mckinsey-talks-operations/id1598128813"},{"CssClass":"btn btn-fill","LinkType":"external","Target":"","Text":"Spotify","Title":"","Url":"https://open.spotify.com/show/7LYQS2fxAoBmC3LgFNJbi8"}]}}},{"mediaID":{"value":"energyinsights"},"title":{"value":"Speak to an expert about our upstream capabilities"},"description":{"value":""},"image":{"src":"/~/media/mckinsey/industries/oil and gas/how we help clients/energy insights/newsletter-signup-promo-bar-1536x768.jpg","alt":"EI newsletter sign up"},"moreLinks":{"jsonValue":{"value":[{"CssClass":"btn btn-fill","LinkType":"internal","Target":"","Text":"Contact us","Title":"","Url":"/industries/oil-and-gas/how-we-help-clients/energy-solutions/contact-us"}]}}},{"mediaID":{"value":"buildingproductspodcast"},"title":{"value":"Subscribe to the \u003cem\u003eMcKinsey on Building Products\u003c/em\u003e podcast"},"description":{"value":""},"image":{"src":null,"alt":""},"moreLinks":{"jsonValue":{"value":[{"CssClass":"btn btn-fill","LinkType":"external","Target":"_blank","Text":"Apple Podcasts","Title":"","Url":"https://podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast/mckinsey-on-building-product/id1735607317"},{"CssClass":"btn btn-fill","LinkType":"external","Target":"_blank","Text":"Spotify","Title":"","Url":"https://open.spotify.com/show/79pncGJtBtzz7pFoR6OiH8"},{"CssClass":"","LinkType":"internal","Target":"","Text":"Listen to previous episodes","Title":"","Url":"/capabilities/people-and-organizational-performance/how-we-help-clients/mckinsey-academy/product-academy/mckinsey-on-building-product"}]}}},{"mediaID":{"value":"talentpodcast"},"title":{"value":"Subscribe to the \u003cem\u003eMcKinsey Talks Talent\u003c/em\u003e podcast"},"description":{"value":""},"image":{"src":null,"alt":""},"moreLinks":{"jsonValue":{"value":[{"CssClass":"btn btn-fill","LinkType":"external","Target":"_blank","Text":"Apple Podcasts","Title":"","Url":"https://podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast/mckinsey-talks-talent/id1491112396"},{"CssClass":"btn btn-fill","LinkType":"external","Target":"","Text":"Spotify","Title":"","Url":"https://open.spotify.com/show/5sW4eHEFMbOvAFJjMfN9a6"}]}}},{"mediaID":{"value":"outlook"},"title":{"value":"A longer, more comprehensive version of our Global Oil Supply \u0026 Demand Outlook is available for purchase upon request.\n"},"description":{"value":""},"image":{"src":null,"alt":""},"moreLinks":{"jsonValue":{"value":[{"CssClass":"btn btn-fill","LinkType":"internal","Target":"","Text":"Contact us","Title":"","Url":"/industries/oil-and-gas/how-we-help-clients/energy-solutions/contact-us"}]}}},{"mediaID":{"value":"talentpodcast2"},"title":{"value":"McKinsey Talks Talent Podcast"},"description":{"value":"Bryan Hancock, Brooke Weddle, and other talent experts help you navigate a fast-changing landscape and prepare for the future of work by making talent a competitive advantage."},"image":{"src":"/~/media/mckinsey/business functions/people and organizational performance/mckinsey talks talent/mck-mtt-disruptor-full-1536x864-smoke-may-2021.jpg","alt":"McKinsey Talks Talent"},"moreLinks":{"jsonValue":{"value":[{"CssClass":"","LinkType":"internal","Target":"","Text":"See more episodes","Title":"","Url":"/capabilities/people-and-organizational-performance/mckinsey-talks-talent-podcast"}]}}},{"mediaID":{"value":"investing"},"title":{"value":"Subscribe to McKinsey on Investing"},"description":{"value":""},"image":{"src":null,"alt":""},"moreLinks":{"jsonValue":{"value":[{"CssClass":"btn btn-fill","LinkType":"internal","Target":"","Text":"Learn more","Title":"","Url":"/industries/private-capital/our-insights/mckinsey-on-investing-issue-1/contact"}]}}},{"mediaID":{"value":"women matter"},"title":{"value":"Subscribe to McKinsey \u003cem\u003eWomen Matter Canada\u003c/em\u003e"},"description":{"value":"Please subscribe if your organization is interested in learning about participating in future research."},"image":{"src":null,"alt":""},"moreLinks":{"jsonValue":{"value":[{"CssClass":"btn btn-fill","LinkType":"internal","Target":"","Text":"Learn more","Title":"","Url":""}]}}},{"mediaID":{"value":"customs"},"title":{"value":"This article was written as part of a larger research effort to identify opportunities for improvement and innovation at customs agencies globally."},"description":{"value":""},"image":{"src":null,"alt":""},"moreLinks":{"jsonValue":{"value":[{"CssClass":"btn btn-fill","LinkType":"internal","Target":"","Text":"Learn more","Title":"","Url":"/industries/public-sector/our-insights/contact"}]}}},{"mediaID":{"value":"tech"},"title":{"value":"\u003cspan class=\"disrupt-ab\"\u003eCreating value beyond the hype\u003c/span\u003e"},"description":{"value":"Let\u0026rsquo;s deliver on the promise of technology from strategy to scale."},"image":{"src":"/~/media/mckinsey/business functions/mckinsey digital/how we help clients/2024/never-just-tech_thumb_1536x1536.jpg","alt":"Never just tech"},"moreLinks":{"jsonValue":{"value":[{"CssClass":"","LinkType":"external","Target":"","Text":"Get started","Title":"","Url":"https://www.mckinsey.com/capabilities/mckinsey-digital/how-we-help-clients?cid=njt-ste-crk-mbm-mbm--2403-promo01-njt-bam-web"}]}}},{"mediaID":{"value":"sust"},"title":{"value":"\u003cspan class=\"disrupt-ab\"\u003eMove from plans to progress.\u003c/span\u003e"},"description":{"value":"Sustainability matters. Together we’ll make it real."},"image":{"src":"/~/media/mckinsey/business functions/sustainability/how we help clients/sustainability-campaign_promo-thumb_1536x1536.jpg","alt":"Move from plans to progress."},"moreLinks":{"jsonValue":{"value":[{"CssClass":"","LinkType":"external","Target":"","Text":"Get started","Title":"","Url":"https://www.mckinsey.com/capabilities/sustainability/how-we-help-clients/?cid=susti24-ste-crk-mbm-m01-other-glb-web"}]}}},{"mediaID":{"value":"nwowpodcast"},"title":{"value":"Subscribe to the New World of Work podcast"},"description":{"value":""},"image":{"src":null,"alt":""},"moreLinks":{"jsonValue":{"value":[{"CssClass":"btn btn-fill","LinkType":"external","Target":"_blank","Text":"Apple Podcasts","Title":"","Url":"https://itunes.apple.com/us/podcast/the-new-world-of-work/id1319502839?mt=2"},{"CssClass":"btn btn-fill","LinkType":"external","Target":"","Text":"Spotify","Title":"","Url":"https://open.spotify.com/show/3S6fHLW6mcbDJDp1wkArKI"}]}}},{"mediaID":{"value":"globalpodcast"},"title":{"value":"Want to subscribe to \u003cem\u003eThe McKinsey Podcast\u003c/em\u003e?"},"description":{"value":""},"image":{"src":null,"alt":""},"moreLinks":{"jsonValue":{"value":[{"CssClass":"btn btn-fill","LinkType":"external","Target":"_blank","Text":"Apple Podcasts","Title":"","Url":"https://itunes.apple.com/us/podcast/the-mckinsey-podcast/id285260960?mt=2"},{"CssClass":"btn btn-fill","LinkType":"external","Target":"","Text":"Spotify","Title":"","Url":"https://open.spotify.com/show/4dyjRTP9xzEUPgleo6XjXI"},{"CssClass":"btn btn-fill","LinkType":"external","Target":"_blank","Text":"YouTube","Title":"","Url":"https://www.youtube.com/@McKinsey/podcasts"},{"CssClass":"","LinkType":"internal","Target":"","Text":"Listen to previous episodes","Title":"","Url":"/featured-insights/mckinsey-podcast"}]}}},{"mediaID":{"value":"Qaudio"},"title":{"value":"Discover and subscribe to McKinsey Quarterly Audio"},"description":{"value":"\u003cstrong\u003eFive ways to subscribe:\u003c/strong\u003e"},"image":{"src":null,"alt":""},"moreLinks":{"jsonValue":{"value":[{"CssClass":"btn btn-fill","LinkType":"external","Target":"_blank","Text":"Apple Podcasts","Title":"","Url":"https://itunes.apple.com/us/podcast/mckinsey-quarterly-audio/id1437925222?mt=2"},{"CssClass":"btn btn-fill","LinkType":"external","Target":"","Text":"Spotify","Title":"","Url":"https://open.spotify.com/show/5mb2zYJnrPcRrML8gx5doD"}]}}},{"mediaID":{"value":"shortlist"},"title":{"value":"Subscribe to the Shortlist"},"description":{"value":"McKinsey\u0026rsquo;s new weekly newsletter, featuring must-read content on a range of topics, every Friday"},"image":{"src":"/~/media/mckinsey/email/shortlist/template/shortlist_promo-interrupter-849120982_1536x1536.jpg","alt":"the Shortlist"},"moreLinks":{"jsonValue":{"value":[{"CssClass":"","LinkType":"internal","Target":"","Text":"Get the Shortlist in your inbox","Title":"","Url":"/user-registration/manage-account/edit-subscriptions"}]}}},{"mediaID":{"value":"retailpodcast"},"title":{"value":"Subscribe to the \u003cem\u003eMcKinsey on Consumer and Retail\u003c/em\u003e podcast"},"description":{"value":""},"image":{"src":null,"alt":""},"moreLinks":{"jsonValue":{"value":[{"CssClass":"btn btn-fill","LinkType":"external","Target":"_blank","Text":"Apple Podcasts","Title":"","Url":"https://podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast/mckinsey-on-consumer-and-retail/id1526250428"},{"CssClass":"btn btn-fill","LinkType":"external","Target":"_blank","Text":"Spotify","Title":"","Url":"https://open.spotify.com/show/41D4bro8PPDOGhEgOEJyHB?si=7l3SeYCZQD-7v3toqd9fHQ"}]}}},{"mediaID":{"value":"insurancepodcast"},"title":{"value":"Want to subscribe to the \u003cem\u003eMcKinsey on Insurance\u003c/em\u003e podcast?"},"description":{"value":""},"image":{"src":null,"alt":""},"moreLinks":{"jsonValue":{"value":[{"CssClass":"btn btn-fill","LinkType":"external","Target":"_blank","Text":"Apple Podcasts","Title":"","Url":"https://podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast/mckinsey-on-insurance/id1533196359"},{"CssClass":"btn btn-fill","LinkType":"external","Target":"_blank","Text":"Spotify","Title":"","Url":"https://open.spotify.com/show/5gZ6YKF7n7C9zWaER4mFZ5"}]}}},{"mediaID":{"value":"strategypodcast"},"title":{"value":"Subscribe to the \u003cem\u003eInside the Strategy Room\u003c/em\u003e podcast"},"description":{"value":""},"image":{"src":null,"alt":""},"moreLinks":{"jsonValue":{"value":[{"CssClass":"btn btn-fill","LinkType":"external","Target":"_blank","Text":"Apple Podcasts","Title":"","Url":"https://itunes.apple.com/us/podcast/inside-the-strategy-room/id1422814215?mt=2"},{"CssClass":"btn btn-fill","LinkType":"external","Target":"","Text":"Spotify","Title":"","Url":"https://open.spotify.com/show/4TcFfiQ0e6OYuc5kRDLxqj"}]}}},{"mediaID":{"value":"mgipodcast"},"title":{"value":"Subscribe to the \u003cem\u003eForward Thinking\u003c/em\u003e podcast"},"description":{"value":""},"image":{"src":null,"alt":""},"moreLinks":{"jsonValue":{"value":[{"CssClass":"btn btn-fill","LinkType":"external","Target":"_blank","Text":"Apple Podcasts","Title":"","Url":"https://podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast/forward-thinking/id1319502839"},{"CssClass":"btn btn-fill","LinkType":"external","Target":"_blank","Text":"Spotify","Title":"","Url":"https://open.spotify.com/show/3S6fHLW6mcbDJDp1wkArKI?si=0zvPmiCsQ7SBAPanfpY4aA\u0026nd=1"},{"CssClass":"","LinkType":"internal","Target":"","Text":"Listen to previous episodes","Title":"","Url":"/mgi/forward-thinking"}]}}}]},"disruptorsignup":{"results":[{"mediaID":{"value":"full-width"},"renderMode":{"targetItem":{"key":{"value":"fullwidth"},"value":{"value":"Full Width"}}},"callToAction":{"url":"/user-registration/register-mvc","text":"Subscribe"},"title":{"jsonValue":{"value":"Stay current on your favorite topics"}}},{"mediaID":{"value":"left"},"renderMode":{"targetItem":{"key":{"value":"left"},"value":{"value":"Left"}}},"callToAction":{"url":"/user-registration/register-mvc","text":"Subscribe"},"title":{"jsonValue":{"value":"Stay current on your favorite topics"}}}]}},"ceros":{"results":[]},"exhibit":{"results":[{"id":"A825407AFA3D431B97CA6B499B391225","displayName":"Exhibit 1","mediaID":{"value":"1"},"includeTheAccessibilityDisclaimerText":{"boolValue":true},"headline":{"jsonValue":{"value":""}},"hideBottomBorder":{"boolValue":false},"hideEyebrow":{"boolValue":false},"eyebrow":{"jsonValue":{"value":""}},"displayNumber":{"value":"1"},"description":{"jsonValue":{"value":""}},"desktopImage":{"alt":"The number of cell and gene therapies launched globally has steadily increased.","src":"/~/media/mckinsey/industries/life sciences/our insights/a call to action opportunities and challenges for cgts in europe/svgz-cellgenetherapies-ex1.svgz","description":""},"mobileImage":{"alt":"","src":null},"renderMode":{"targetItem":{"key":{"value":"Medium content column width"},"value":{"value":"medium"}}},"flourishDataVisualizationID":{"value":""},"pNGImage":{"src":"/~/media/mckinsey/industries/life sciences/our insights/a call to action opportunities and challenges for cgts in europe/png-cellgenetherapies-ex1.png","alt":"The number of cell and gene therapies launched globally has steadily increased."},"height":{"value":"1230"},"width":{"value":"1536"},"mobileSVGImage":{"src":null,"alt":""},"mobilePNGImage":{"src":null,"alt":""}},{"id":"F9FDFFF97D544E34B66BE33F73347861","displayName":"Exhibit 2","mediaID":{"value":"2"},"includeTheAccessibilityDisclaimerText":{"boolValue":true},"headline":{"jsonValue":{"value":""}},"hideBottomBorder":{"boolValue":false},"hideEyebrow":{"boolValue":false},"eyebrow":{"jsonValue":{"value":""}},"displayNumber":{"value":"2"},"description":{"jsonValue":{"value":""}},"desktopImage":{"alt":"Specific European factors that impede the development of cell and gene therapies will need to be addressed to accelerate acceptance of these therapies.","src":"/~/media/mckinsey/industries/life sciences/our insights/a call to action opportunities and challenges for cgts in europe/svgz-cellgenetherapies-ex2.svgz","description":""},"mobileImage":{"alt":"","src":null},"renderMode":{"targetItem":{"key":{"value":"Medium content column width"},"value":{"value":"medium"}}},"flourishDataVisualizationID":{"value":""},"pNGImage":{"src":"/~/media/mckinsey/industries/life sciences/our insights/a call to action opportunities and challenges for cgts in europe/png-cellgenetherapies-ex2.png","alt":"Specific European factors that impede the development of cell and gene therapies will need to be addressed to accelerate acceptance of these therapies."},"height":{"value":"1775"},"width":{"value":"1536"},"mobileSVGImage":{"src":null,"alt":""},"mobilePNGImage":{"src":null,"alt":""}},{"id":"E0EA8926FECA493590A92879CA58F4DF","displayName":"Exhibit 3","mediaID":{"value":"3"},"includeTheAccessibilityDisclaimerText":{"boolValue":true},"headline":{"jsonValue":{"value":""}},"hideBottomBorder":{"boolValue":false},"hideEyebrow":{"boolValue":false},"eyebrow":{"jsonValue":{"value":""}},"displayNumber":{"value":"3"},"description":{"jsonValue":{"value":""}},"desktopImage":{"alt":"The absolute unmet need for cell and gene therapies in Europe is estimated to clearly exceed that in the United States.","src":"/~/media/mckinsey/industries/life sciences/our insights/a call to action opportunities and challenges for cgts in europe/svgz-cellgenetherapies-ex3.svgz","description":""},"mobileImage":{"alt":"","src":null},"renderMode":{"targetItem":{"key":{"value":"Medium content column width"},"value":{"value":"medium"}}},"flourishDataVisualizationID":{"value":""},"pNGImage":{"src":"/~/media/mckinsey/industries/life sciences/our insights/a call to action opportunities and challenges for cgts in europe/png-cellgenetherapies-ex3.png","alt":"The absolute unmet need for cell and gene therapies in Europe is estimated to clearly exceed that in the United States."},"height":{"value":"1089"},"width":{"value":"1536"},"mobileSVGImage":{"src":null,"alt":""},"mobilePNGImage":{"src":null,"alt":""}},{"id":"99652A2C62844C149B82B7361D5D7C69","displayName":"Exhibit 4","mediaID":{"value":"4"},"includeTheAccessibilityDisclaimerText":{"boolValue":true},"headline":{"jsonValue":{"value":""}},"hideBottomBorder":{"boolValue":false},"hideEyebrow":{"boolValue":false},"eyebrow":{"jsonValue":{"value":""}},"displayNumber":{"value":"4"},"description":{"jsonValue":{"value":""}},"desktopImage":{"alt":"Most approved cell and gene therapies have obtained EMA orphan status.","src":"/~/media/mckinsey/industries/life sciences/our insights/a call to action opportunities and challenges for cgts in europe/svgz-cellgenetherapies-ex4.svgz","description":""},"mobileImage":{"alt":"","src":null},"renderMode":{"targetItem":{"key":{"value":"Medium content column width"},"value":{"value":"medium"}}},"flourishDataVisualizationID":{"value":""},"pNGImage":{"src":"/~/media/mckinsey/industries/life sciences/our insights/a call to action opportunities and challenges for cgts in europe/png-cellgenetherapies-ex4.png","alt":"Most approved cell and gene therapies have obtained EMA orphan status."},"height":{"value":"1269"},"width":{"value":"1536"},"mobileSVGImage":{"src":null,"alt":""},"mobilePNGImage":{"src":null,"alt":""}},{"id":"2BC286D2F7A048BE9E8C98DB4DC3F2A9","displayName":"Exhibit 5","mediaID":{"value":"5"},"includeTheAccessibilityDisclaimerText":{"boolValue":true},"headline":{"jsonValue":{"value":""}},"hideBottomBorder":{"boolValue":false},"hideEyebrow":{"boolValue":false},"eyebrow":{"jsonValue":{"value":""}},"displayNumber":{"value":"5"},"description":{"jsonValue":{"value":""}},"desktopImage":{"alt":"Accelerated reviews by the European Medicines Agency have made a significant difference in expediting approval of cell and gene therapies.","src":"/~/media/mckinsey/industries/life sciences/our insights/a call to action opportunities and challenges for cgts in europe/svgz-cellgenetherapies-ex5.svgz","description":""},"mobileImage":{"alt":"","src":null},"renderMode":{"targetItem":{"key":{"value":"Medium content column width"},"value":{"value":"medium"}}},"flourishDataVisualizationID":{"value":""},"pNGImage":{"src":"/~/media/mckinsey/industries/life sciences/our insights/a call to action opportunities and challenges for cgts in europe/png-cellgenetherapies-ex5.png","alt":"Accelerated reviews by the European Medicines Agency have made a significant difference in expediting approval of cell and gene therapies."},"height":{"value":"917"},"width":{"value":"1536"},"mobileSVGImage":{"src":null,"alt":""},"mobilePNGImage":{"src":null,"alt":""}},{"id":"9D195A9AC5DB4FCEB285EC1413DA5F48","displayName":"Exhibit 6","mediaID":{"value":"6"},"includeTheAccessibilityDisclaimerText":{"boolValue":true},"headline":{"jsonValue":{"value":""}},"hideBottomBorder":{"boolValue":false},"hideEyebrow":{"boolValue":false},"eyebrow":{"jsonValue":{"value":""}},"displayNumber":{"value":"6"},"description":{"jsonValue":{"value":""}},"desktopImage":{"alt":"Alternative payment models for cell and gene therapies are emerging as possible solutions for more affordable pricing.","src":"/~/media/mckinsey/industries/life sciences/our insights/a call to action opportunities and challenges for cgts in europe/svgz-cellgenetherapies-ex6.svgz","description":""},"mobileImage":{"alt":"","src":null},"renderMode":{"targetItem":{"key":{"value":"Medium content column width"},"value":{"value":"medium"}}},"flourishDataVisualizationID":{"value":""},"pNGImage":{"src":"/~/media/mckinsey/industries/life sciences/our insights/a call to action opportunities and challenges for cgts in europe/png-cellgenetherapies-ex6.png","alt":"Alternative payment models for cell and gene therapies are emerging as possible solutions for more affordable pricing."},"height":{"value":"1213"},"width":{"value":"1536"},"mobileSVGImage":{"src":null,"alt":""},"mobilePNGImage":{"src":null,"alt":""}}]},"image":{"results":[]},"exhibitcarousel":{"results":[]},"pullquote":{"results":[]},"disruptorsignup":{"results":[{"mediaID":{"value":"full-width"},"renderMode":{"targetItem":{"key":{"value":"fullwidth"},"value":{"value":"Full Width"}}},"callToAction":{"url":"/user-registration/register-mvc","text":"Subscribe"},"title":{"jsonValue":{"value":"Stay current on your favorite topics"}}},{"mediaID":{"value":"left"},"renderMode":{"targetItem":{"key":{"value":"left"},"value":{"value":"Left"}}},"callToAction":{"url":"/user-registration/register-mvc","text":"Subscribe"},"title":{"jsonValue":{"value":"Stay current on your favorite topics"}}}]},"articlesidebar":{"results":[]},"boxout":{"results":[]},"globalsidebar":{"results":[]},"video":{"results":[]},"scrollycontainer":{"results":[]},"bespokeinteractive":{"results":[]},"storycontainer":{"results":[]},"interactive":{"results":[]},"sectionheader":{"results":[]},"statementdisruptor":{"results":[]},"fullbleedphoto":{"results":[]},"tocitem":{"results":[]},"quizcontainer":{"results":[]},"generalup":{"results":[]},"twoupmedium":{"results":[]},"accordion":{"results":[]},"factoid":{"results":[]},"promobarwithquote":{"results":[]},"oneupmedium":{"results":[]},"oneupmediumquote":{"results":[]},"gridwall":{"results":[]},"twoupsmall":{"results":[]},"oneclicksubscribe":{"results":[]},"promobar":{"results":[]},"promobanner":{"results":[]},"sectionhero":{"results":[]},"threeuplinklist":{"results":[]},"table":{"results":[]},"explainertooltip":{"results":[]},"isFiveFiftyHorizontalArticle":{"boolValue":false},"fiveFifty":{"results":[]}},"contextItem":{"ancestors":[{"breadCrumbUrl":{"path":"/industries/life-sciences/our-insights"},"breadCrumbTitle":{"value":"Our Insights"},"isMiniSite":{"boolValue":false},"displayName":"Insights on Life Sciences","template":{"id":"85FF05307883480F9A4C82123F72FFD8"}},{"breadCrumbUrl":{"path":"/industries/life-sciences/how-we-help-clients"},"breadCrumbTitle":null,"isMiniSite":{"boolValue":true},"displayName":"Life Sciences","template":{"id":"414C6C64AD35440E9668CF39D8A18CCF"}},{"breadCrumbUrl":{"path":"/industries"},"breadCrumbTitle":{"value":"Industries"},"isMiniSite":{"boolValue":false},"displayName":"Industries","template":{"id":"85FF05307883480F9A4C82123F72FFD8"}},{"breadCrumbUrl":{"path":"/"},"breadCrumbTitle":{"value":""},"isMiniSite":{"boolValue":false},"displayName":"Home","template":{"id":"85FF05307883480F9A4C82123F72FFD8"}}]}}},"placeholders":{"main-area":[],"sidebar-area":[]}}]}},"itemId":"7e9f6513-3225-491f-ae2b-def0d16dc26d","pageEditing":false,"site":{"name":"website"},"pageState":"normal","language":"en","pageMetaData":{"alternateLanguages":[{"languageCode":"en","displayName":"English","url":"/industries/life-sciences/our-insights/a-call-to-action-opportunities-and-challenges-for-cgts-in-europe"}],"currentLanguage":"en","navigationLink":"industries","activeItemId":"{BB8498AC-8CC4-4BFB-8832-53C76F3E61CF}","miniSiteId":"{CDBF3A89-AE60-459E-ACF8-786E31307534}","officeCode":"","officeDisplayName":"","subscriptionPracticeData":null,"isAlaisedPage":false,"originalHostName":"www.mckinsey.com","updatedDate":"2023-03-04T09:30:37Z","createdDate":"2021-01-15T17:42:08Z","practice":{"isDefaultPractice":false,"name":"Life Sciences","code":"N20","stickyTitle":"Sign up for emails on new Life Sciences articles","stickySubtitle":"Never miss an insight. We'll email you when new articles are published on this topic.","previewLink":"","previewLinkLabel":"Preview","description":null,"descriptionText":"Get the latest articles on this topic delivered to your inbox","frequency":"Alert","regFormTitle":null},"url":"/industries/life-sciences/our-insights/a-call-to-action-opportunities-and-challenges-for-cgts-in-europe","isCareersPage":false,"officePath":"","hideAppPromo":false,"itemInfo":{"id":"7e9f6513-3225-491f-ae2b-def0d16dc26d","fullPath":"/sitecore/content/McKinsey/Home/Industries/Life Sciences/Our Insights/A call to action Opportunities and challenges for CGTs in Europe","templateName":"ArticleJSS","templateID":"683910db-02ba-40ba-92e7-726c880160a9"}},"defaultSettings":{"McKinsey Quarterly":"\u003cem\u003eMcKinsey Quarterly\u003c/em\u003e","FacebookCID":"soc-web","LinkedInCID":"soc-web","TwitterCID":"soc-web","Home Page SEO Details":{"Description":"McKinsey \u0026 Company is the trusted advisor and counselor to many of the world's most influential businesses and institutions.","Image_Url":"/~/media/images/global/seoimageplaceholder.jpg","Image_Alt":""}},"alumniDatalayerChunk":"static/chunks/alumnidatalayer.325ebb6069c1d69e.js"},"componentProps":{},"notFound":false,"noAccess":false},"__N_PREVIEW":true,"__N_SSP":true},"page":"/[[...path]]","query":{"timestamp":"1732255149282","path":["industries","life-sciences","our-insights","a-call-to-action-opportunities-and-challenges-for-cgts-in-europe"]},"buildId":"9vYT_fWQKRjfPT7lAZJdB","runtimeConfig":{"CONFIG_ENV":"production","CURRENT_ENV":"production","PUBLIC_URL":"https://www.mckinsey.com","PUBLIC_CMS_URL":"https://cms-prod.mckinsey.com","RECAPTCHA_V3_KEY":"6LdC5twSAAAAAF0dePIbY_ckeF05mKdYYJXn7uTg","INVISIBLE_RECAPTCHA_KEY":"6LcWCs0UAAAAAEik2NaGkfGH8mGHo1ThxIt-qUoE","USER_SERVICE_API_HOST":"https://prd-api.mckinsey.com","MOBILE_SERVICES_HOST":"https://mobileservices.mckinsey.com","SEARCH_SERVICE_API_HOST":"https://mckapi.mckinsey.com","OT_DATA_DOMAIN_SCRIPT_COM":"915b5091-0d7e-44d2-a8c4-cf08267e52fe","OT_DATA_DOMAIN_SCRIPT_DE":"13f50396-9d33-4d95-ba3e-1f108fa91009","OT_DATA_DOMAIN_SCRIPT_BR":"679eae24-1d5c-4f33-8aae-b35aa8269966","ADOBE_LAUNCH":"a400cfbb2fd3","BCOV_POLICY":"BCpkADawqM3Xn1B8iTmHawNytUSk0kXaQKMSM51CBVsYKHfwlRhZimTJqbOOq0NuyxTKQnvb4V9myMVRjwGkyGtJQO2HrUPOJHcsgkpbB-jyHwswonskf6XnZaF0TyyKkAQgbymSMtudeD9CLk-xCpqAzTaNUm7a3M3QKLN4pdLRNJ9_HbVMWzNpiUr5ezAVdMciDMwsD-gxNl43d7bfVP3wRhTNWbWUYn3WK7-Oz2gbxV6mMTm0jJU3SjK_x0meTprYUgdUWA-iDgwVglsnfJ_SVtVDPZypUokKv85GzFLM-ywjWlPM2Hg1ucemwwOpa-qvYBGfeMV7zP3n6s22hFCBveiWtHEBpV9N8f4rjmunMlxBx7kSlxIRjWquZm70hLRXMoxAgQ22BC86tBhgR_d1l9_-FzZuZIlZhzJwJi3ug1HszooHM8uEMOkHmB5nYj5XEgVk5JFYGcSwFSnMnNzE1ej2J3jcEiE3eSWHcremWjCZ0s9bs_8R08WpGWkBp8WMXUFfmhPBMk-MGixR_yIu7nJ6B_hYBnVhqKnnoW-xxEmRxgwG0Ev0S96cAcBG8qdlChGN7o1qN0heGTUIYnDk703q3lt9j7X4FgaITrlcPZOWZ96EHytVKUAtmtVp5BVGpiLn4viuUpEdAM_CLSBIaPVunk-39L8tm6m8iUYmbMX_KXPyaL900bQtVQgK39FCa0pUEZ_jSBOGNj1FH8NUPN2TS8_csNWfpN7gsaD9FBN3wUtawAD_RPdJ952odfwJqyvrkN89AyKnFdFMvUh6_4LCIQVYd4M5KC_k1WNLYb11KZhq6O4UaoyD4X1pV4-x0jBzEnc4VQTkL_04dw2xdPJ1uqUrmHuUcIBO0SKaEk6_5HYc3GKfYwmPz1oxMpOi-Rzw1QPyWIdbrcZdFbIHoVZ8FKfyslEv392pJMiKzUnVWL_3mZ0UqnGtddwlXYVdSs57AUdlrfOe7TVaaIMZ_kL7FSrbWrsaSufitSYr62xD1K1-qeb4wkx8QQEorxGJ3RG1Vpn97Pn5JEC_jvj0s7uzFgidYR9bp80EMmPCHUmRg-Hm1Aq1B4YMNc1ARnFz6UvT_8_pMhJEwKuypA-nPoJu4JZJNLVUdw","sitecoreApiKey":"{AD59BE63-BA20-47D4-A1B0-ECF30588E2E2}","sitecoreApiHost":"https://prod.mckinsey.com","FB_APP_ID":"1382278882079245","ARTICLE_API_HOST":"https://prd-api.mckinsey.com","SITECORE_FORMS_SERVICES_API_HOST":"https://prd-api.mckinsey.com","FEATURE_TOGGLES":"{\"stack_adapt_pixel\": true, \"article_seo_schema\":true, \"remember_me\": true, \"gql_promo_banner\": true, \"gql_highlight_bar\": true, \"gql_ceros_placeholder\": true, \"gql_two_up_medium\": true, \"gql_hero_with_partnership_mark\": true, \"gql_brightcove_gallery\": true, \"gql_one_up_medium\": true, \"gql_promo_bar_with_quote\": true, \"gql_fifty_fifty_hero\": true, \"gql_enhanched_hero\": true, \"gql_two_up_small\": true, \"gql_general_up\": true, \"gql_full_bleed_hero\": true, \"passwordless_login_enabled\": true, \"sso_enabled\": true, \"article_id\": \"\", \"personalisation_enabled\":true, \"hide_student_sticky_footer\":true, \"email_domain_validation_enabled\":true, \"enable_cid_cookie_qp\": true, \"otp_verification_enabled\": true}","HEADER_SCRIPT_HASH":"abcd1234","OKTA_AUTH_CLIENT_ID":"0oa8ppb3ypQ8uOI8y697","OKTA_AUTH_ISSUER":"https://dotcomidp.mckinsey.com/oauth2/aus2byav0jTElyFDD697/","AUTO_REDIRECTION_DURATION":"5","LINKEDIN_IDP":"0oaecyj1byxnfrfFk697","APPLE_IDP":"0oaeg2lxy6mq4PX5F697","GOOGLE_IDP":"0oaeczfkb03XL3E4O697","ALUMNI_BASE_API_URL":"https://dev-gateway.intranet.mckinsey.com/:apiKey/v1","ALUMNI_AUTHENTICATE_API_URL":"https://dev-ac3-okta-auth.intranet.mckinsey.com/authenticate","ALUMNI_OKTA_URL":"","ALUMNI_OKTA_ENABLED":"true","GOOGLE_MAP_API_KEY":"AIzaSyDqrGDNMDjy9pXHkMf-_Ut33LoC725GSe4","AWS_GATEWAY":"https://dev-gateway.mckinsey.com","AWS_API_GATEWAY_ID":"o63viscaj4","AWS_PERSONALIZATION_TRACKING_ID":"f3f97bc3-4ca7-4960-9e49-0bcff6294ab4","AWS_PERSONALIZATION_CID":"recommendations-onw-onw-mck-mck-art-2410-v1-user-ext-web","EVENTS_MODULE_CARDS_COUNT":"8","RECOMMENDATIONS_OFFER_ACTIVITY":"Article Recommendations"},"isFallback":false,"dynamicIds":[70281,73769,76731,98391,68578],"gssp":true,"locale":"en","locales":["en","da-DK"],"defaultLocale":"en","isPreview":true,"scriptLoader":[]}</script><script type="text/javascript" src="/CD521ZmoihS6ARo3gA/pYacztLGJLc6i9/DWRZTi91cQc/Jl/gQLhALSh4"></script></body></html>