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</ul> </li> <li id="toc-Trastornos_cromosómicos" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Trastornos_cromosómicos"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Trastornos cromosómicos</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Trastornos_cromosómicos-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Notas" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Notas"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Notas</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Notas-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contidos" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc 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Dispoñible en 31 linguas" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-31" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">31 linguas</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B5%D8%A8%D8%BA%D9%8A_21" title="صبغي 21 – árabe" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="صبغي 21" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="árabe" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A7%A8%E0%A7%A7_%E0%A6%A8%E0%A6%82_%E0%A6%95%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%B0%E0%A7%8B%E0%A6%AE%E0%A7%8B%E0%A6%9C%E0%A7%8B%E0%A6%AE_(%E0%A6%AE%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%A8%E0%A6%AC%E0%A6%A6%E0%A7%87%E0%A6%B9)" title="২১ নং ক্রোমোজোম (মানবদেহ) – bengalí" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="২১ নং ক্রোমোজোম (মানবদেহ)" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="bengalí" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bs mw-list-item"><a href="https://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hromosom_21" title="Hromosom 21 – bosníaco" lang="bs" hreflang="bs" data-title="Hromosom 21" data-language-autonym="Bosanski" data-language-local-name="bosníaco" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bosanski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cromosoma_21" title="Cromosoma 21 – catalán" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Cromosoma 21" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="catalán" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chromosom_21_(Mensch)" title="Chromosom 21 (Mensch) – alemán" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Chromosom 21 (Mensch)" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="alemán" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en mw-list-item"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chromosome_21" title="Chromosome 21 – inglés" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="Chromosome 21" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="inglés" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cromosoma_21_(humano)" title="Cromosoma 21 (humano) – español" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Cromosoma 21 (humano)" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="español" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/21._kromosoom" title="21. kromosoom – estoniano" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="21. kromosoom" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="estoniano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%A9%D8%B1%D9%88%D9%85%D9%88%D8%B2%D9%88%D9%85_%DB%B2%DB%B1_(%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%B3%D8%A7%D9%86)" title="کروموزوم ۲۱ (انسان) – persa" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="کروموزوم ۲۱ (انسان)" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="persa" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chromosome_21_humain" title="Chromosome 21 humain – francés" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Chromosome 21 humain" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="francés" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kromosom_21_(%C4%8Dovjek)" title="Kromosom 21 (čovjek) – croata" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Kromosom 21 (čovjek)" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="croata" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hum%C3%A1n_21-es_kromosz%C3%B3ma" title="Humán 21-es kromoszóma – húngaro" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Humán 21-es kromoszóma" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="húngaro" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cromosoma_21" title="Cromosoma 21 – italiano" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Cromosoma 21" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="italiano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/21%E7%95%AA%E6%9F%93%E8%89%B2%E4%BD%93_(%E3%83%92%E3%83%88)" title="21番染色体 (ヒト) – xaponés" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="21番染色体 (ヒト)" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="xaponés" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chromosoma_21_(homo)" title="Chromosoma 21 (homo) – latín" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Chromosoma 21 (homo)" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="latín" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chromosoom_21" title="Chromosoom 21 – neerlandés" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Chromosoom 21" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="neerlandés" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kromosom_21" title="Kromosom 21 – noruegués bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Kromosom 21" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="noruegués bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chromosom_21" title="Chromosom 21 – polaco" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Chromosom 21" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="polaco" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cromossoma_21" title="Cromossoma 21 – portugués" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Cromossoma 21" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="portugués" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cromozomul_uman_21" title="Cromozomul uman 21 – romanés" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Cromozomul uman 21" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="romanés" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/21-%D1%8F_%D1%85%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%BE%D1%81%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%B0_%D1%87%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B5%D0%BA%D0%B0" title="21-я хромосома человека – ruso" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="21-я хромосома человека" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="ruso" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hromozom_21_(%C4%8Dovek)" title="Hromozom 21 (čovek) – serbocroata" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Hromozom 21 (čovek)" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="serbocroata" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chromosome_21" title="Chromosome 21 – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Chromosome 21" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A5%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%BE%D0%B7%D0%BE%D0%BC_21_(%D1%87%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B5%D0%BA)" title="Хромозом 21 (човек) – serbio" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Хромозом 21 (човек)" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="serbio" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kromosom_21" title="Kromosom 21 – sueco" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Kromosom 21" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="sueco" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tl mw-list-item"><a href="https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kromosomang_21_(tao)" title="Kromosomang 21 (tao) – tagalo" lang="tl" hreflang="tl" data-title="Kromosomang 21 (tao)" data-language-autonym="Tagalog" data-language-local-name="tagalo" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tagalog</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kromozom_21_(insan)" title="Kromozom 21 (insan) – turco" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Kromozom 21 (insan)" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="turco" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A5%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%BE%D1%81%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%B0_21_(%D0%BB%D1%8E%D0%B4%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B0)" title="Хромосома 21 (людина) – ucraíno" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Хромосома 21 (людина)" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="ucraíno" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nhi%E1%BB%85m_s%E1%BA%AFc_th%E1%BB%83_s%E1%BB%91_21" title="Nhiễm sắc thể số 21 – vietnamita" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Nhiễm sắc thể số 21" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="vietnamita" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/21%E8%99%9F%E6%9F%93%E8%89%B2%E9%AB%94" title="21號染色體 – chinés" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="21號染色體" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="chinés" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-min-nan mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-min-nan.wikipedia.org/wiki/21_h%C5%8D_ji%C3%A1m-sek-th%C3%A9_(l%C3%A2ng)" title="21 hō jiám-sek-thé (lâng) – Minnan" lang="nan" hreflang="nan" data-title="21 hō jiám-sek-thé (lâng)" data-language-autonym="閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú" data-language-local-name="Minnan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet 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dir="ltr"><table class="infobox" style="width:22em"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" style="text-align:center;font-size:125%;font-weight:bold">Cromosoma 21 humano</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data infobox-data" style="text-align:center"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/Ficheiro:Human_male_karyotpe_high_resolution_-_Chromosome_21_cropped.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/6c/Human_male_karyotpe_high_resolution_-_Chromosome_21_cropped.png" decoding="async" width="66" height="66" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="66" data-file-height="66" /></a></span><div>Cromosomas do par 21 humano con <a href="/wiki/Bandeado_G" class="mw-redirect" title="Bandeado G">bandeado G</a>. En cada individuo un dos cromosomas deste par procede da nai e o outro do pai.</div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data infobox-data" style="text-align:center"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/Ficheiro:Human_male_karyotpe_high_resolution_-_Chromosome_21.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/01/Human_male_karyotpe_high_resolution_-_Chromosome_21.png/220px-Human_male_karyotpe_high_resolution_-_Chromosome_21.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="172" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/01/Human_male_karyotpe_high_resolution_-_Chromosome_21.png/330px-Human_male_karyotpe_high_resolution_-_Chromosome_21.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/01/Human_male_karyotpe_high_resolution_-_Chromosome_21.png/440px-Human_male_karyotpe_high_resolution_-_Chromosome_21.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="940" /></a></span><div>Cromosomas do par 21 nun <a href="/wiki/Cariograma" class="mw-redirect" title="Cariograma">cariograma</a> humano masculino.</div></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" style="text-align:center;background-color: #ddd">Características</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="background-color: #e7dcc3">Lonxitude (<a href="/wiki/Par_de_bases" title="Par de bases">bp</a>)</th><td class="infobox-data" style="background-color: #eee">46,709,983 bp<br />(<a href="/w/index.php?title=GRCh38&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="GRCh38 (a páxina aínda non existe)">GRCh38</a>)<sup id="cite_ref-National_Center_for_Biotechnology_Information_2017_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-National_Center_for_Biotechnology_Information_2017-1"><span>[</span>1<span>]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="background-color: #e7dcc3"><a href="/w/index.php?title=N%C3%BAmero_de_xenes&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Número de xenes (a páxina aínda non existe)"><abbr title="Número">No.</abbr> de xenes</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style="background-color: #eee">215 (<a href="/w/index.php?title=Consensus_CDS_Project&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Consensus CDS Project (a páxina aínda non existe)">CCDS</a>)<sup id="cite_ref-CCDS_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-CCDS-2"><span>[</span>2<span>]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="background-color: #e7dcc3">Tipo</th><td class="infobox-data" style="background-color: #eee"><a href="/wiki/Autosoma" title="Autosoma">Autosoma</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="background-color: #e7dcc3"><a href="/wiki/Centr%C3%B3mero" title="Centrómero">Posición do centrómero</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style="background-color: #eee"><a href="/wiki/Centr%C3%B3mero" title="Centrómero">Acrocéntrico</a><sup id="cite_ref-StrachanRead2010_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-StrachanRead2010-3"><span>[</span>3<span>]</span></a></sup><br />(12.0 Mbp<sup id="cite_ref-850bphs_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-850bphs-4"><span>[</span>4<span>]</span></a></sup>)</td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" style="text-align:center;background-color: #ddd">Lista completa de xenes</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="background-color: #e7dcc3"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Consensus_CDS_Project&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Consensus CDS Project (a páxina aínda non existe)">CCDS</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style="background-color: #eee"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/gene?term=21%5BChr%5D%20AND%20%22Homo%20sapiens%22%5BOrganism%5D%20AND%20%28%22has%20ccds%22%5BProperties%5D%20AND%20alive%5Bprop%5D%29&cmd=DetailsSearch">Lista de xenes</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="background-color: #e7dcc3"><a href="/wiki/HUGO_Gene_Nomenclature_Committee" class="mw-redirect" title="HUGO Gene Nomenclature Committee">HGNC</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style="background-color: #eee"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.genenames.org/cgi-bin/statistics?c=21">Lista de xenes</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="background-color: #e7dcc3"><a href="/wiki/UniProt" title="UniProt">UniProt</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style="background-color: #eee"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.uniprot.org/docs/humchr21.txt">Lista de xenes</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="background-color: #e7dcc3"><a href="/wiki/National_Center_for_Biotechnology_Information" title="National Center for Biotechnology Information">NCBI</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style="background-color: #eee"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/gene/?term=21%5BCHR%5D+AND+human%5BORGN%5D">Lista de xenes</a></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" style="text-align:center;background-color: #ddd">Visores de mapa externos</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="background-color: #e7dcc3"><a href="/wiki/Ensembl_genome_database_project" class="mw-redirect" title="Ensembl genome database project">Ensembl</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style="background-color: #eee"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ensembl.org/Homo_sapiens/Location/Chromosome?r=21">Cromosoma 21</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="background-color: #e7dcc3"><a href="/wiki/Entrez" title="Entrez">Entrez</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style="background-color: #eee"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/mapview/maps.cgi?TAXID=9606&chr=21">Cromosoma 21</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="background-color: #e7dcc3"><a href="/wiki/National_Center_for_Biotechnology_Information" title="National Center for Biotechnology Information">NCBI</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style="background-color: #eee"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/genome/gdv/browser/?context=genome&acc=GCF_000001405.36&chr=21">Cromosoma 21</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="background-color: #e7dcc3"><a href="/w/index.php?title=UCSC_Genome_Browser&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="UCSC Genome Browser (a páxina aínda non existe)">UCSC</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style="background-color: #eee"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://genome.ucsc.edu/cgi-bin/hgTracks?db=hg38&position=chr21">Cromosoma 21</a></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" style="text-align:center;background-color: #ddd"><a href="/wiki/Secuencia_de_%C3%A1cido_nucleico" class="mw-redirect" title="Secuencia de ácido nucleico">Secuencias de ADN completas</a></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="background-color: #e7dcc3"><a href="/wiki/RefSeq" title="RefSeq">RefSeq</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style="background-color: #eee"><span style="white-space:nowrap"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/nuccore/NC_000021?report=fasta">NC_000021</a> (<a href="/w/index.php?title=Formato_FASTA&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Formato FASTA (a páxina aínda non existe)">FASTA</a>) </span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="background-color: #e7dcc3"><a href="/wiki/GenBank" title="GenBank">GenBank</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style="background-color: #eee"><span style="white-space:nowrap"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/nuccore/CM000683?report=fasta">CM000683</a> (<a href="/w/index.php?title=Formato_FASTA&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Formato FASTA (a páxina aínda non existe)">FASTA</a>) </span></td></tr></tbody></table> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Ficheiro:Chr-21.jpeg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/df/Chr-21.jpeg" decoding="async" width="126" height="143" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="126" data-file-height="143" /></a><figcaption></figcaption></figure> <p>O <b>cromosoma 21</b> humano é un <a href="/wiki/Cromosoma" title="Cromosoma">cromosoma</a> pertencente a un dos 23 pares de cromosomas humanos. Nas nosas células <a href="/wiki/Diploide" title="Diploide">diploides</a> temos dúas copias (un par) deste cromosoma, e nas <a href="/wiki/Haploide" title="Haploide">haploides</a> unha. A <a href="/wiki/Trisom%C3%ADa" title="Trisomía">trisomía</a> do cromosoma 21 orixina a <a href="/wiki/S%C3%ADndrome_de_Down" title="Síndrome de Down">síndrome de Down</a>. O cromosoma 21 é o máis pequeno do <a href="/wiki/Cariotipo" title="Cariotipo">cariotipo</a> humano, xa que comprende só 47 millóns de <a href="/wiki/Par_de_bases" title="Par de bases">pares de bases</a> (<a href="/wiki/Nucle%C3%B3tido" title="Nucleótido">nucleótidos</a>), o que representa un 1,5% do total do ADN da célula. </p><p>A súa <a href="/wiki/Secuenciaci%C3%B3n_de_ADN" class="mw-redirect" title="Secuenciación de ADN">secuenciación</a> rematou en 2000 e foi o segundo cromosoma humano en ser secuenciado completamente no <a href="/wiki/Proxecto_Xenoma_Humano" title="Proxecto Xenoma Humano">Proxecto Xenoma Humano</a>. </p><p>A identificación de <a href="/wiki/Xene" title="Xene">xenes</a> nos cromosomas é unha área de investigación que está en continuo desenvolvemento. Os distintos métodos que se utilizan na secuenciación dan lugar a resultados algo diferentes en canto ao número de xenes identificados, pero estímase que o cromosoma 21 probablemente contén entre 300 e 400 xenes. </p><p>Pola posición do seu <a href="/wiki/Centr%C3%B3mero" title="Centrómero">centrómero</a>, o cromosoma 21 é un cromosoma <a href="/wiki/Centr%C3%B3mero#Posición_do_centrómero" title="Centrómero">acrocéntrico</a>. O cromosoma 21 humano é un dos que ten <a href="/wiki/Organizador_nucleolar" title="Organizador nucleolar">organizador nucleolar</a> (NOR), zona onde se encontran xenes repetidos en tándem dos <a href="/wiki/ARNr" class="mw-redirect" title="ARNr">ARNr</a>. Arredor dos organizadores nucleolares orixínanse os <a href="/wiki/Nucl%C3%A9olo" title="Nucléolo">nucléolos</a>. Os organizadores nucleolares están na zona da constrición secundaria do cromosoma. A porción situada despois da constrición secundaria denomínase satélite, polo que o 21 é un cromosoma satélite ou cromosoma SAT. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Xenes">Xenes</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cromosoma_21&veaction=edit&section=1" title="Editar a sección: «Xenes»" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>editar</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cromosoma_21&action=edit&section=1" title="Editar o código fonte da sección: Xenes"><span>editar a fonte</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Algúns dos xenes localizados no cromosoma 21 son os seguintes: </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Prote%C3%ADna_precursora_amiloide" title="Proteína precursora amiloide">APP</a>: proteína precursora do amiloide beta (A4) (<a href="/wiki/Peptidase" class="mw-redirect" title="Peptidase">peptidase</a> nexina-II, <a href="/wiki/Enfermidade_de_Alzheimer" class="mw-redirect" title="Enfermidade de Alzheimer">enfermidade de Alzheimer</a>)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cistatoina-beta-sintase&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Cistatoina-beta-sintase (a páxina aínda non existe)">CBS</a>: cistationina-beta-sintase</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=CLDN14&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="CLDN14 (a páxina aínda non existe)">CLDN14</a>: <a href="/wiki/Claudina" title="Claudina">claudina</a> 14</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=HLCS&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="HLCS (a páxina aínda non existe)">HLCS</a>: holocarboxilase sintetase (biotina-(proprionil-Coencima A-carboxilase (que <a href="/wiki/Hidr%C3%B3lise_do_ATP" title="Hidrólise do ATP">hidroliza ATP</a>)) ligase)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=KCNE1&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="KCNE1 (a páxina aínda non existe)">KCNE1</a>: <a href="/wiki/Canle_de_potasio" title="Canle de potasio">canle de potasio</a> dependente de voltaxe, familia relacionada con Isk, membro 1</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=KCNE2&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="KCNE2 (a páxina aínda non existe)">KCNE2</a>: canle de potasio dependente de voltaxe, familia relacionada con Isk, membro 2</li> <li><a href="/wiki/CD18" title="CD18">LAD</a>: deficiencia de adhesión leucocitaria (os símbolos son ITGB2, CD18, LCAMB)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=SOD1&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="SOD1 (a páxina aínda non existe)">SOD1</a>: superóxido dismutase 1, soluble (esclerose amiotrófica lateral 1 (adultos))</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=TMPRSS3&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="TMPRSS3 (a páxina aínda non existe)">TMPRSS3</a>: <a href="/wiki/Protease" title="Protease">protease</a> transmembrana, serina 3</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=PCNT&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="PCNT (a páxina aínda non existe)">PCNT</a>: pericentrina centrosómica</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=DSCR1&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="DSCR1 (a páxina aínda non existe)">DSCR1</a>: rexión 1 crítica da <a href="/wiki/S%C3%ADndrome_de_Down" title="Síndrome de Down">síndrome de Down</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=DYRK1A&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="DYRK1A (a páxina aínda non existe)">DYRK1A</a>: <i>dual specificity tyrosine-(Y)-phosphorylation regulated kinase 1A</i></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=RRP1B&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="RRP1B (a páxina aínda non existe)">RRP1B</a>: <i>ribosomal RNA processing 1 homolog B</i></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=S100B&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="S100B (a páxina aínda non existe)">s100B</a>: proteína de unión ao calcio</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Enfermidades_asociadas">Enfermidades asociadas</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cromosoma_21&veaction=edit&section=2" title="Editar a sección: «Enfermidades asociadas»" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>editar</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cromosoma_21&action=edit&section=2" title="Editar o código fonte da sección: Enfermidades asociadas"><span>editar a fonte</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>As seguintes enfermidades están relacionadas co cromosoma 21: </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Enfermidade_de_Alzheimer" class="mw-redirect" title="Enfermidade de Alzheimer">Enfermidade de Alzheimer</a> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Enfermidade_de_Alzheimer_tipo_1&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Enfermidade de Alzheimer tipo 1 (a páxina aínda non existe)">Enfermidade de Alzheimer tipo 1</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Esclerose_amiotr%C3%B3fica_lateral&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Esclerose amiotrófica lateral (a páxina aínda non existe)">Esclerose amiotrófica lateral</a> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Esclerose_amiotr%C3%B3fica_lateral_tipo_1&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Esclerose amiotrófica lateral tipo 1 (a páxina aínda non existe)">Esclerose amiotrófica lateral tipo 1</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/S%C3%ADndrome_de_Down" title="Síndrome de Down">Síndrome de Down</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=S%C3%ADndrome_de_Erondu-Cymet&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Síndrome de Erondu-Cymet (a páxina aínda non existe)">Síndrome de Erondu-Cymet</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Deficiencia_de_holocarboxilase_sintetase&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Deficiencia de holocarboxilase sintetase (a páxina aínda non existe)">Deficiencia de holocarboxilase sintetase</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Homocistinuria&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Homocistinuria (a páxina aínda non existe)">Homocistinuria</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=S%C3%ADndrome_de_Jervell_e_Lange-Nielsen&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Síndrome de Jervell e Lange-Nielsen (a páxina aínda non existe)">Síndrome de Jervell e Lange-Nielsen</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Deficiencia_de_adhesi%C3%B3n_leucocitaria&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Deficiencia de adhesión leucocitaria (a páxina aínda non existe)">Deficiencia de adhesión leucocitaria</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ananismo_primordial_osteodisplastico_de_Majewski_tipo_II&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ananismo primordial osteodisplastico de Majewski tipo II (a páxina aínda non existe)">Ananismo primordial osteodisplastico de Majewski tipo II</a> (MOPD II, ou MOPD2)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Xordeira_non_sindrom%C3%A1tica&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Xordeira non sindromática (a páxina aínda non existe)">Xordeira non sindromática</a> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Xordeira_non_sindrom%C3%A1tica,_autos%C3%B3mica_recesiva&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Xordeira non sindromática, autosómica recesiva (a páxina aínda non existe)">Xordeira non sindromática, autosómica recesiva</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=S%C3%ADndrome_de_Romano-Ward&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Síndrome de Romano-Ward (a páxina aínda non existe)">Síndrome de Romano-Ward</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Trastornos_cromosómicos"><span id="Trastornos_cromos.C3.B3micos"></span>Trastornos cromosómicos</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cromosoma_21&veaction=edit&section=3" title="Editar a sección: «Trastornos cromosómicos»" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>editar</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cromosoma_21&action=edit&section=3" title="Editar o código fonte da sección: Trastornos cromosómicos"><span>editar a fonte</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>As seguintes condicións están causadas por cambios na estrutura ou no número de copias do cromosoma 21: </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cancro" title="Cancro">Cancros</a>: Rearranxos (<a href="/wiki/Translocaci%C3%B3n_cromos%C3%B3mica" title="Translocación cromosómica">translocacións cromosómicas</a>) de material xenético entre o cromosoma 21 e outros cromosomas foron asociados con tipos graves de cáncer. Por exemplo, a <a href="/wiki/Leucemia_linfobl%C3%A1stica_aguda" title="Leucemia linfoblástica aguda">leucemia linfoblástica aguda</a> (un tipo de cáncer de sangue máis frecuentemente diagnosticado na infancia) foi asociado coa translocación entre os <a href="/wiki/Cromosoma_12" title="Cromosoma 12">cromosomas 12</a> e 21. Outra forma de leucemia, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Leucemia_mieloide_aguda&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Leucemia mieloide aguda (a páxina aínda non existe)">leucemia mieloide aguda</a>, foi asociada cunha translocación entre os <a href="/wiki/Cromosoma_8" title="Cromosoma 8">cromosomas 8</a> e 21.</li> <li>Nunha pequena porcentaxe dos casos, a <a href="/wiki/S%C3%ADndrome_de_Down" title="Síndrome de Down">síndrome de Down</a> está causada por un rearranxo do material cromosómico entre o cromosoma 21 e outros cromosomas. Como resultado, unha persoa ten as dúas copias habituais do cromosoma 21 e mais algo de material cromosómico extra do cromosoma 21 unido a outro cromosoma. Estes casos denomínanse síndrome de Down por translocación. Crese que as copias extra de xenes no cromosoma 21 interrompen o curso normal do desenvolvemento, causando as características distintivas da síndrome de Down e o incremento do risco de problemas médicos asociados co trastorno.</li> <li>Outros cambios no número e estrutura do cromosoma 21 poden ter unha variedade de efectos, incluíndo <a href="/wiki/Atraso_mental" class="mw-redirect" title="Atraso mental">atraso mental</a>, retardo no desenvolvemento, e determinadas características faciais. Nalgúuns casos, os signos e síntomas son similares aos da síndrome de Down. Os cambios no cromosoma 21 inclúen a perda dun segmento do cromosoma en todas as células (<a href="/wiki/Monosom%C3%ADa" title="Monosomía">monosomía</a> parcial 21) e unha estrutura circular chamada <a href="/w/index.php?title=Cromosoma_21_anular&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Cromosoma 21 anular (a páxina aínda non existe)">cromosoma 21 anular</a>. Un cromosoma en anel aparece cando se unen os extremos rotos dun cromosoma.</li> <li>Atopouse que a duplicación no <a href="/wiki/Locus" title="Locus">locus</a> da <a href="/wiki/Prote%C3%ADna_precursora_amiloide" title="Proteína precursora amiloide">proteína precursora amiloide</a> (APP) (o segmento duplicado varía en lonxitude pero inclúe a APP) no cromosoma 21 era causa do comezo temperán da <a href="/wiki/Enfermidade_de_Alzheimer" class="mw-redirect" title="Enfermidade de Alzheimer">enfermidade de Alzheimer</a> familiar nun estudo de familias francesas (Rovelet-Lecrux et al.) e holandesas (Sleegers et al.). Comparada co Alzheimer causado por <a href="/wiki/Mutaci%C3%B3n_sen_sentido" title="Mutación sen sentido">mutacións sen sentido</a> na APP, a frecuencia de Alzheimer causado por duplicación na APP é significativa. Todos os pacientes que teñen unha copia extra do xene APP debido á duplicación do locus mostran Alzheimer con <a href="/w/index.php?title=Anxiopat%C3%ADa_amiloide_cerebral&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Anxiopatía amiloide cerebral (a páxina aínda non existe)">anxiopatía amiloide cerebral</a> grave.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Notas">Notas</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cromosoma_21&veaction=edit&section=4" title="Editar a sección: «Notas»" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>editar</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cromosoma_21&action=edit&section=4" title="Editar o código fonte da sección: Notas"><span>editar a fonte</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><cite class="citation journal">Antonarakis SE, Lyle R, Dermitzakis ET, Reymond A, Deutsch S (2004). 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"APP duplication is sufficient to cause early onset Alzheimer's dementia with cerebral amyloid angiopathy". <i>Brain</i> <b>129</b> (Pt 11): 2977–83. <a href="/wiki/PubMed" title="PubMed">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16921174">16921174</a>. <a href="/wiki/Digital_object_identifier" title="Digital object identifier">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://dx.doi.org/10.1093%2Fbrain%2Fawl203">10.1093/brain/awl203</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fgl.wikipedia.org%3ACromosoma+21&rft.atitle=APP+duplication+is+sufficient+to+cause+early+onset+Alzheimer%27s+dementia+with+cerebral+amyloid+angiopathy&rft.au=Sleegers+K%2CBrouwers+N%2CGijselinck+I%2CTheuns+J%2C+Goossens+D%2C+Wauters+J%2CDel-Favero+J%2CCruts+M%2C+van+Duijn+CM%2CVan+Broeckhoven+C.&rft.date=2006&rft.genre=article&rft.issue=Pt+11&rft.jtitle=Brain&rft.pages=2977-83&rft.volume=129&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1093%2Fbrain%2Fawl203&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F16921174&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></li> <li><cite class="citation journal">Rovelet-Lecrux A,Hannequin D,Raux G,Le Meur N,Laquerriere A, Vital A,Dumanchin C,Feuillette S,Brice A,Vercelletto M, Dubas F,Frebourg T,Campion D. (2005). "APP locus duplication causes autosomal dominant early-onset Alzheimer disease with cerebral amyloid angiopathy". <i>Nature Genetics</i> <b>38</b> (1): 24–6. <a href="/wiki/PubMed" title="PubMed">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16369530">16369530</a>. <a href="/wiki/Digital_object_identifier" title="Digital object identifier">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://dx.doi.org/10.1038%2Fng1718">10.1038/ng1718</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fgl.wikipedia.org%3ACromosoma+21&rft.atitle=APP+locus+duplication+causes+autosomal+dominant+early-onset+Alzheimer+disease+with+cerebral+amyloid+angiopathy&rft.au=Rovelet-Lecrux+A%2CHannequin+D%2CRaux+G%2CLe+Meur+N%2CLaquerriere+A%2C+Vital+A%2CDumanchin+C%2CFeuillette+S%2CBrice+A%2CVercelletto+M%2C+Dubas+F%2CFrebourg+T%2CCampion+D.&rft.date=2005&rft.genre=article&rft.issue=1&rft.jtitle=Nature+Genetics&rft.pages=24-6&rft.volume=38&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1038%2Fng1718&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F16369530&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></li> <li><cite class="citation journal">Anita Rauch, Christian T. Thiel, Detlev Schindler, Ursula Wick, Yanick J. Crow, Arif B. Ekici, Anthonie J. van Essen, Timm O. Goecke, Lihadh Al-Gazali, Krystyna H. Chrzanowska, Christiane Zweier, Han G. Brunner, Kristin Becker, Cynthia J. Curry, Bruno Dallapiccola, Koenraad Devriendt, Arnd Dörfler, Esther Kinning, André Megarbane, Peter Meinecke, Robert K. Semple, Stephanie Spranger, Annick Toutain, Richard C. Trembath, Egbert Voss, Louise Wilson, Raoul Hennekam, Francis de Zegher, Helmut-Günther Dörr, André Reis (2008). "Mutations in the Pericentrin (PCNT) Gene Cause Primordial Dwarfism". <i>Science Online</i>: 7.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fgl.wikipedia.org%3ACromosoma+21&rft.atitle=Mutations+in+the+Pericentrin+%28PCNT%29+Gene+Cause+Primordial+Dwarfism&rft.au=Anita+Rauch%2C+Christian+T.+Thiel%2C+Detlev+Schindler%2C+Ursula+Wick%2C+Yanick+J.+Crow%2C+Arif+B.+Ekici%2C+Anthonie+J.+van+Essen%2C+Timm+O.+Goecke%2C+Lihadh+Al-Gazali%2C+Krystyna+H.+Chrzanowska%2C+Christiane+Zweier%2C+Han+G.+Brunner%2C+Kristin+Becker%2C+Cynthia+J.+Curry%2C+Bruno+Dallapiccola%2C+Koenraad+Devriendt%2C+Arnd+D%C3%B6rfler%2C+Esther+Kinning%2C+Andr%C3%A9+Megarbane%2C+Peter+Meinecke%2C+Robert+K.+Semple%2C+Stephanie+Spranger%2C+Annick+Toutain%2C+Richard+C.+Trembath%2C+Egbert+Voss%2C+Louise+Wilson%2C+Raoul+Hennekam%2C+Francis+de+Zegher%2C+Helmut-G%C3%BCnther+D%C3%B6rr%2C+Andr%C3%A9+Reis&rft.date=2008&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Science+Online&rft.pages=7&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></li></ul> <div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Cromosomas_humanos" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div class="plainlinks hlist navbar mini"><ul><li class="nv-ver"><a href="/wiki/Modelo:Cromosomas_humanos" title="Modelo:Cromosomas humanos"><abbr title="Ver o modelo">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-conversa"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Conversa_modelo:Cromosomas_humanos&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Conversa modelo:Cromosomas humanos (a páxina aínda non existe)"><abbr title="Conversa do modelo">c</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-editar"><a class="external text" href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Modelo:Cromosomas_humanos&action=edit"><abbr title="Editar o modelo">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Cromosomas_humanos" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Xenoma_humano" title="Xenoma humano">Cromosomas humanos</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Autosoma" title="Autosoma">Autosomas</a></th><td class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cromosoma_1" title="Cromosoma 1">1</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cromosoma_2" title="Cromosoma 2">2</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cromosoma_3" title="Cromosoma 3">3</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cromosoma_4" title="Cromosoma 4">4</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cromosoma_5" title="Cromosoma 5">5</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cromosoma_6" title="Cromosoma 6">6</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cromosoma_7" title="Cromosoma 7">7</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cromosoma_8" title="Cromosoma 8">8</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cromosoma_9" title="Cromosoma 9">9</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cromosoma_10" title="Cromosoma 10">10</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cromosoma_11" title="Cromosoma 11">11</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cromosoma_12" title="Cromosoma 12">12</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cromosoma_13" title="Cromosoma 13">13</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cromosoma_14" title="Cromosoma 14">14</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cromosoma_15" title="Cromosoma 15">15</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cromosoma_16" title="Cromosoma 16">16</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cromosoma_17" title="Cromosoma 17">17</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cromosoma_18" title="Cromosoma 18">18</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cromosoma_19" title="Cromosoma 19">19</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cromosoma_20" title="Cromosoma 20">20</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">21</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cromosoma_22" title="Cromosoma 22">22</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Sistema_de_determinaci%C3%B3n_do_sexo" title="Sistema de determinación do sexo">Cromosoma sexual</a></th><td class="navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cromosoma_X" title="Cromosoma X">X</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cromosoma_Y" title="Cromosoma Y">Y</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Corpo_de_Barr" title="Corpo de Barr">Corpo de Barr</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rexi%C3%B3n_pseudoautos%C3%B3mica" title="Rexión pseudoautosómica">Rexión pseudoautosómica</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Xeral</th><td class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cromosoma" title="Cromosoma">Cromosoma</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Centr%C3%B3mero" title="Centrómero">Centrómero</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tel%C3%B3mero" title="Telómero">Telómero</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Crom%C3%A1tide" title="Cromátide">Cromátide</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Organizador_nucleolar" title="Organizador nucleolar">Organizador nucleolar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cariotipo" title="Cariotipo">Cariotipo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cromatina" title="Cromatina">Cromatina</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Control_de_autoridades" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th id="Control_de_autoridades" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;width: 12%; text-align:center;"><a href="/wiki/Axuda:Control_de_autoridades" title="Axuda:Control de autoridades">Control de autoridades</a></th><td class="navbox-list navbox-odd plainlinks" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Wikidata:Main_Page" title="Wikidata"><img alt="Wd" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/Wikidata-logo.svg/20px-Wikidata-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/Wikidata-logo.svg/30px-Wikidata-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/Wikidata-logo.svg/40px-Wikidata-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1050" data-file-height="590" /></a></span>: <span class="uid"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q753218" class="extiw" title="wikidata:Q753218">Q753218</a></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Encyclop%C3%A6dia_Britannica" title="Encyclopædia Britannica">EBID</a>: <span class="uid"><span class="plainlinks"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.britannica.com/science/chromosome-21">ID</a></span></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Library_of_Congress_Control_Number" title="Library of Congress Control Number">LCCN</a>: <span class="uid"><span class="plainlinks"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.loc.gov/authorities/sh85062848">sh85062848</a></span></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;">MAG: <span class="uid"><span class="plainlinks"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/*/https://academic.microsoft.com/v2/detail/137555145">137555145</a></span></span></span></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Identificadores" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th id="Identificadores" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;width: 12%; text-align:center;">Identificadores</th><td class="navbox-list navbox-odd plainlinks" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Medical_Subject_Headings" title="Medical Subject Headings">MeSH</a>: <span class="uid"><span class="plainlinks"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://meshb.nlm.nih.gov/record/ui?ui=D002891">D002891</a></span></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Medical_Subject_Headings" title="Medical Subject Headings">MeSH</a>: <span class="uid"><span class="plainlinks"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.nlm.nih.gov/mesh/A11.284.187.520.300.505.510">A11.284.187.520.300.505.510</a></span></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Unified_Medical_Language_System" title="Unified Medical Language System">UMLS</a>: <span class="uid"><span class="plainlinks"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ncim-stage.nci.nih.gov/ncimbrowser/ConceptReport.jsp?dictionary=NCI%20Metathesaurus&code=C0008664">C0008664</a></span></span></span></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-National_Center_for_Biotechnology_Information_2017-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-National_Center_for_Biotechnology_Information_2017_1-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/grc/human/data?asm=GRCh38">"Human Genome Assembly GRCh38 - Genome Reference Consortium"</a>. <i>National Center for Biotechnology Information</i> <span style="font-style: italic;">(en <a href="/wiki/Lingua_inglesa" title="Lingua inglesa">inglés</a>)</span>. 2013-12-24<span class="reference-accessdate">. Consultado o <span class="nowrap">2017-03-04</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fgl.wikipedia.org%3ACromosoma+21&rft.atitle=Human+Genome+Assembly+GRCh38+-+Genome+Reference+Consortium&rft.date=2013-12-24&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=National+Center+for+Biotechnology+Information&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fgrc%2Fhuman%2Fdata%3Fasm%3DGRCh38&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-CCDS-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-CCDS_2-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/gene?term=21%5BChr%5D%20AND%20%22Homo%20sapiens%22%5BOrganism%5D%20AND%20%28%22has%20ccds%22%5BProperties%5D%20AND%20alive%5Bprop%5D%29&cmd=DetailsSearch">"Search results - 21[CHR] AND "Homo sapiens"[Organism] AND ("has ccds"[Properties] AND alive[prop]) - Gene"</a>. <i>NCBI</i>. CCDS Release 20 for <i>Homo sapiens</i>. 2016-09-08<span class="reference-accessdate">. Consultado o <span class="nowrap">2017-05-28</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fgl.wikipedia.org%3ACromosoma+21&rft.atitle=Search+results+-+21%26%2391%3BCHR%26%2393%3B+AND+%22Homo+sapiens%22%26%2391%3BOrganism%26%2393%3B+AND+%28%22has+ccds%22%26%2391%3BProperties%26%2393%3B+AND+alive%26%2391%3Bprop%26%2393%3B%29+-+Gene&rft.date=2016-09-08&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=NCBI&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fgene%3Fterm%3D21%255BChr%255D%2520AND%2520%2522Homo%2520sapiens%2522%255BOrganism%255D%2520AND%2520%2528%2522has%2520ccds%2522%255BProperties%255D%2520AND%2520alive%255Bprop%255D%2529%26cmd%3DDetailsSearch&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-StrachanRead2010-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-StrachanRead2010_3-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation book">Tom Strachan; Andrew Read (2 April 2010). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=dSwWBAAAQBAJ&pg=PA45"><i>Human Molecular Genetics</i></a>. Garland Science. p. 45. <a href="/wiki/ISBN" title="ISBN">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Especial:Fontes_bibliogr%C3%A1ficas/978-1-136-84407-2" title="Especial:Fontes bibliográficas/978-1-136-84407-2">978-1-136-84407-2</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fgl.wikipedia.org%3ACromosoma+21&rft.au=Andrew+Read&rft.au=Tom+Strachan&rft.btitle=Human+Molecular+Genetics&rft.date=2010-04-02&rft.genre=book&rft.isbn=978-1-136-84407-2&rft.pages=45&rft.pub=Garland+Science&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DdSwWBAAAQBAJ%26pg%3DPA45&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-850bphs-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-850bphs_4-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Genome Decoration Page, NCBI. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="ftp://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/gdp/ideogram_9606_GCF_000001305.14_850_V1">Ideogram data for Homo sapiens (850 bphs, Assembly GRCh38.p3)</a>. Última actualización 2014-06-03. Consultado o 2017-04-26.</span> </li> </ol>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Traído desde «<a dir="ltr" href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Cromosoma_21&oldid=6644285">https://gl.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Cromosoma_21&oldid=6644285</a>»</div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface"><div id="mw-normal-catlinks" class="mw-normal-catlinks"><a href="/wiki/Especial:Categor%C3%ADas" title="Especial:Categorías">Categoría</a>: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Categor%C3%ADa:Cromosomas" title="Categoría:Cromosomas">Cromosomas</a></li></ul></div></div> </div> </main> </div> <div class="mw-footer-container"> <footer id="footer" class="mw-footer" > <ul id="footer-info"> <li id="footer-info-lastmod"> A última edición desta páxina foi o 10 de febreiro de 2024 ás 17:06.</li> <li id="footer-info-copyright">Todo o texto está dispoñible baixo a <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/">licenza Creative Commons recoñecemento compartir igual 4.0</a>; pódense aplicar termos adicionais. 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