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mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Buy one, get one free</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. 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data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kupte_jeden,_dostanete_druh%C3%BD_zdarma" title="Kupte jeden, dostanete druhý zdarma – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Kupte jeden, dostanete druhý zdarma" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/1%2B1_(%ED%8C%90%EB%A7%A4)" title="1+1 (판매) – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="1+1 (판매)" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Beli_satu,_gratis_satu" title="Beli satu, gratis satu – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" 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class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Sales technique</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">This article is about a sales promotion technique. For the album by Andy LaVerne, see <a href="/wiki/Buy_One_Get_One_Free_(album)" title="Buy One Get One Free (album)">Buy One Get One Free (album)</a>.</div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Buy_one,_get_one_free_%5E_-_geograph.org.uk_-_153952.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f5/Buy_one%2C_get_one_free_%5E_-_geograph.org.uk_-_153952.jpg/220px-Buy_one%2C_get_one_free_%5E_-_geograph.org.uk_-_153952.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="182" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f5/Buy_one%2C_get_one_free_%5E_-_geograph.org.uk_-_153952.jpg/330px-Buy_one%2C_get_one_free_%5E_-_geograph.org.uk_-_153952.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f5/Buy_one%2C_get_one_free_%5E_-_geograph.org.uk_-_153952.jpg/440px-Buy_one%2C_get_one_free_%5E_-_geograph.org.uk_-_153952.jpg 2x" data-file-width="640" data-file-height="529" /></a><figcaption>Sign board advertising a "buy one get one free" offer on flowers</figcaption></figure> <p>"<b>Buy one, get one free</b>" or "<b>two for the price of one</b>" is a common form of <a href="/wiki/Sales_promotion" title="Sales promotion">sales promotion</a>. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Marketing_strategy">Marketing strategy</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Buy_one,_get_one_free&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Marketing strategy"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The economist <a href="/wiki/Alex_Tabarrok" title="Alex Tabarrok">Alex Tabarrok</a> has argued, that the success of this promotion lies in the fact that consumers value the first unit significantly more than the second one. So compared to a seemingly equivalent "Half price off" promotion, they may only buy one item at half price, because the value they attach to the second unit is lower than even the discounted price.<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="History">History</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Buy_one,_get_one_free&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: History"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The concept of "buy one, get one free" was devised in the 18th century by retail entrepreneur <a href="/wiki/Josiah_Wedgwood" title="Josiah Wedgwood">Josiah Wedgwood</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> This technique is commonly known in the <a href="/wiki/Marketing" title="Marketing">marketing</a> industry by the acronym <b>BOGOF</b>, or simply <b>BOGO</b>.<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Criticism">Criticism</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Buy_one,_get_one_free&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Criticism"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Two-for-one promotions in the food industry have been criticized as contributing to <a href="/wiki/Food_waste" class="mw-redirect" title="Food waste">food waste</a>. Because many foods under such offers have short shelf lives, customers are more likely to pass the products' <a href="/wiki/Use_by_date" class="mw-redirect" title="Use by date">use by date</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Buy_one,_get_one_free&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.marginalrevolution.com/marginalrevolution/2004/03/buy_one_get_one.html">Buy one get one free</a>, from Marginal Revolution. Retrieved 2008-01-05.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFFlanders2009" class="citation news cs1">Flanders, Judith (9 January 2009). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/2009/01/10/opinion/10flanders.html?_r=2">"They Broke It"</a>. <i>The New York Times</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=They+Broke+It&rft.date=2009-01-09&rft.aulast=Flanders&rft.aufirst=Judith&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F2009%2F01%2F10%2Fopinion%2F10flanders.html%3F_r%3D2&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABuy+one%2C+get+one+free" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.adamsmith.org/blog/josiah-wedgewood-an-industrial-revolution-pioneer">"Josiah Wedgwood, an Industrial Revolution pioneer"</a>. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">8 June</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Josiah+Wedgwood%2C+an+Industrial+Revolution+pioneer&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.adamsmith.org%2Fblog%2Fjosiah-wedgewood-an-industrial-revolution-pioneer&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABuy+one%2C+get+one+free" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFWallop2008" class="citation news cs1">Wallop, Harry (2008-07-07). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/uknews/2263645/Food-waste-Why-supermarkets-will-never-say-bogof-to-buy-one-get-one-free.html">"Food waste: Why supermarkets will never say bogof to buy one get one free"</a>. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2010-08-28</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Food+waste%3A+Why+supermarkets+will+never+say+bogof+to+buy+one+get+one+free&rft.date=2008-07-07&rft.aulast=Wallop&rft.aufirst=Harry&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.telegraph.co.uk%2Fnews%2Fuknews%2F2263645%2FFood-waste-Why-supermarkets-will-never-say-bogof-to-buy-one-get-one-free.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABuy+one%2C+get+one+free" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFRoberts2012" class="citation news cs1">Roberts, Loren (2012-01-24). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.waltontribune.com/blogs/loren_roberts/article_5ee4a2a0-4696-11e1-8878-001871e3ce6c.html">"What does BOGO really mean?"</a>. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2021-02-19</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=What+does+BOGO+really+mean%3F&rft.date=2012-01-24&rft.aulast=Roberts&rft.aufirst=Loren&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.waltontribune.com%2Fblogs%2Floren_roberts%2Farticle_5ee4a2a0-4696-11e1-8878-001871e3ce6c.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABuy+one%2C+get+one+free" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.tallahassee.com/story/life/home-garden/2020/11/27/food-precious-resource-often-goes-waste/6406518002/">Shop wisely: Better habits can prevent waste of precious resource</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFYoung2014" class="citation news cs1">Young, Philippa (6 April 2014). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-26908613">"Supermarket 'Bogof' deals criticised over food waste"</a>. <i>BBC News</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">17 October</span> 2014</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=BBC+News&rft.atitle=Supermarket+%27Bogof%27+deals+criticised+over+food+waste&rft.date=2014-04-06&rft.aulast=Young&rft.aufirst=Philippa&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.bbc.co.uk%2Fnews%2Fuk-26908613&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABuy+one%2C+get+one+free" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-8">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.theguardian.com/business/2014/apr/06/buy-one-get-one-free-food-waste-supermarkets">"Buy-one-get-one-free offers 'should be scrapped to cut food waste'<span class="cs1-kern-right"></span>"</a>. 6 April 2014<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">17 October</span> 2014</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Buy-one-get-one-free+offers+%27should+be+scrapped+to+cut+food+waste%27&rft.date=2014-04-06&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.theguardian.com%2Fbusiness%2F2014%2Fapr%2F06%2Fbuy-one-get-one-free-food-waste-supermarkets&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABuy+one%2C+get+one+free" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-9">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFSwinburne2014" class="citation news cs1">Swinburne, Zander (6 April 2014). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.independent.co.uk/life-style/food-and-drink/news/supermarkets-urged-to-scrap-buyonegetonefree-as-shoppers-waste-222m-tons-of-food-a-year-9241174.html">"Supermarkets urged to scrap buy-one-get-one-free as shoppers waste 222m tons of food a year"</a>. <i>The Independent</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">20 October</span> 2014</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Independent&rft.atitle=Supermarkets+urged+to+scrap+buy-one-get-one-free+as+shoppers+waste+222m+tons+of+food+a+year&rft.date=2014-04-06&rft.aulast=Swinburne&rft.aufirst=Zander&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.independent.co.uk%2Flife-style%2Ffood-and-drink%2Fnews%2Fsupermarkets-urged-to-scrap-buyonegetonefree-as-shoppers-waste-222m-tons-of-food-a-year-9241174.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABuy+one%2C+get+one+free" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?useformat=desktop&type=1x1&usesul3=0" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Retrieved from "<a dir="ltr" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Buy_one,_get_one_free&oldid=1268763808">https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Buy_one,_get_one_free&oldid=1268763808</a>"</div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface"><div id="mw-normal-catlinks" class="mw-normal-catlinks"><a href="/wiki/Help:Category" title="Help:Category">Category</a>: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Sales_promotion" title="Category:Sales promotion">Sales promotion</a></li></ul></div><div id="mw-hidden-catlinks" class="mw-hidden-catlinks mw-hidden-cats-hidden">Hidden categories: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_with_short_description" title="Category:Articles with short description">Articles with short description</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Short_description_matches_Wikidata" title="Category:Short description matches Wikidata">Short description matches Wikidata</a></li></ul></div></div> </div> </main> </div> <div class="mw-footer-container"> <footer id="footer" class="mw-footer" > <ul id="footer-info"> <li id="footer-info-lastmod"> This page was last edited on 11 January 2025, at 12:14<span class="anonymous-show"> (UTC)</span>.</li> <li id="footer-info-copyright">Text is available under the <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Text_of_the_Creative_Commons_Attribution-ShareAlike_4.0_International_License" title="Wikipedia:Text of the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License">Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 License</a>; additional terms may apply. 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free</span></div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-header-end" aria-hidden="true"> <div class="vector-sticky-header-icons"> <a href="#" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only" id="ca-talk-sticky-header" tabindex="-1" data-event-name="talk-sticky-header"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-speechBubbles mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-speechBubbles"></span> <span></span> </a> <a href="#" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only" id="ca-subject-sticky-header" tabindex="-1" data-event-name="subject-sticky-header"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-article mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-article"></span> <span></span> </a> <a href="#" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only" id="ca-history-sticky-header" tabindex="-1" data-event-name="history-sticky-header"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-history mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-wikimedia-history"></span> <span></span> </a> <a href="#" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only mw-watchlink" id="ca-watchstar-sticky-header" tabindex="-1" data-event-name="watch-sticky-header"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-star mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-wikimedia-star"></span> <span></span> </a> <a href="#" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only" id="ca-edit-sticky-header" tabindex="-1" data-event-name="wikitext-edit-sticky-header"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-wikiText mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-wikimedia-wikiText"></span> <span></span> </a> <a href="#" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only" id="ca-ve-edit-sticky-header" tabindex="-1" data-event-name="ve-edit-sticky-header"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-edit mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-wikimedia-edit"></span> <span></span> </a> <a href="#" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only" id="ca-viewsource-sticky-header" tabindex="-1" data-event-name="ve-edit-protected-sticky-header"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-editLock mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-wikimedia-editLock"></span> <span></span> </a> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-header-buttons"> <button class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet mw-interlanguage-selector" id="p-lang-btn-sticky-header" tabindex="-1" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn-sticky-header"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-wikimedia-language"></span> <span>6 languages</span> </button> <a href="#" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive" id="ca-addsection-sticky-header" tabindex="-1" data-event-name="addsection-sticky-header"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-speechBubbleAdd-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-speechBubbleAdd-progressive"></span> <span>Add topic</span> </a> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-header-icon-end"> <div class="vector-user-links"> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="mw-portlet mw-portlet-dock-bottom emptyPortlet" id="p-dock-bottom"> <ul> </ul> </div> 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