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class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Utah_online_marriages" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Utah_online_marriages"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.2.2</span> <span>Utah online marriages</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Utah_online_marriages-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Statistics" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Statistics"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.2.3</span> <span>Statistics</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Statistics-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Legislative_activity" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Legislative_activity"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.3</span> <span>Legislative activity</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Legislative_activity-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Court_cases" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Court_cases"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.4</span> <span>Court cases</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Court_cases-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Knesset_and_military_recognition" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Knesset_and_military_recognition"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.5</span> <span>Knesset and military recognition</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Knesset_and_military_recognition-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Political_viewpoints" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Political_viewpoints"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Political viewpoints</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Political_viewpoints-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Public_opinion" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Public_opinion"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Public opinion</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Public_opinion-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>See also</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Notes" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Notes"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Notes</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Notes-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" 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Available in 16 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-16" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">16 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A7%D8%B9%D8%AA%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%81_%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%82%D8%A7%D9%86%D9%88%D9%86%D9%8A_%D8%A8%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B9%D9%84%D8%A7%D9%82%D8%A7%D8%AA_%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%85%D8%AB%D9%84%D9%8A%D8%A9_%D9%81%D9%8A_%D8%A5%D8%B3%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%A6%D9%8A%D9%84" title="الاعتراف القانوني بالعلاقات المثلية في إسرائيل – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="الاعتراف القانوني بالعلاقات المثلية في إسرائيل" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Matrimoni_entre_persones_del_mateix_sexe_a_Israel" title="Matrimoni entre persones del mateix sexe a Israel – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Matrimoni entre persones del mateix sexe a Israel" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Matrimonio_entre_personas_del_mismo_sexo_en_Israel" title="Matrimonio entre personas del mismo sexo en Israel – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Matrimonio entre personas del mismo sexo en Israel" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D8%B2%D8%AF%D9%88%D8%A7%D8%AC_%D9%87%D9%85%D8%AC%D9%86%D8%B3_%D8%AF%D8%B1_%D8%A7%D8%B3%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%A6%DB%8C%D9%84" title="ازدواج همجنس در اسرائیل – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="ازدواج همجنس در اسرائیل" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EC%9D%B4%EC%8A%A4%EB%9D%BC%EC%97%98%EC%9D%98_%EB%8F%99%EC%84%B1%EA%B2%B0%ED%98%BC" title="이스라엘의 동성결혼 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="이스라엘의 동성결혼" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pengakuan_perkawinan_sejenis_di_Israel" title="Pengakuan perkawinan sejenis di Israel – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Pengakuan perkawinan sejenis di Israel" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Matrimonio_tra_persone_dello_stesso_sesso_in_Israele" title="Matrimonio tra persone dello stesso sesso in Israele – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Matrimonio tra persone dello stesso sesso in Israele" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%A0%D7%99%D7%A9%D7%95%D7%90%D7%99%D7%9D_%D7%A9%D7%9C_%D7%96%D7%95%D7%92%D7%95%D7%AA_%D7%9E%D7%90%D7%95%D7%AA%D7%95_%D7%94%D7%9E%D7%99%D7%9F_%D7%91%D7%99%D7%A9%D7%A8%D7%90%D7%9C" title="נישואים של זוגות מאותו המין בישראל – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="נישואים של זוגות מאותו המין בישראל" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Homohuwelijk_in_Isra%C3%ABl" title="Homohuwelijk in Israël – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Homohuwelijk in Israël" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ma%C5%82%C5%BCe%C5%84stwo_os%C3%B3b_tej_samej_p%C5%82ci_w_Izraelu" title="Małżeństwo osób tej samej płci w Izraelu – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Małżeństwo osób tej samej płci w Izraelu" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Casamento_entre_pessoas_do_mesmo_sexo_em_Israel" title="Casamento entre pessoas do mesmo sexo em Israel – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Casamento entre pessoas do mesmo sexo em Israel" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9E%D0%B4%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%BF%D0%BE%D0%BB%D1%8B%D0%B5_%D0%B1%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BA%D0%B8_%D0%B8_%D1%81%D0%BE%D1%8E%D0%B7%D1%8B_%D0%B2_%D0%98%D0%B7%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B8%D0%BB%D0%B5" title="Однополые браки и союзы в Израиле – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Однополые браки и союзы в Израиле" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C4%B0srail%27de_e%C5%9Fcinsel_evlilik" title="İsrail'de eşcinsel evlilik – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="İsrail'de eşcinsel evlilik" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9E%D0%B4%D0%BD%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%B2%D1%96_%D1%88%D0%BB%D1%8E%D0%B1%D0%B8_%D1%82%D0%B0_%D0%BF%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%82%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%80%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%B0_%D0%B2_%D0%86%D0%B7%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%97%D0%BB%D1%96" title="Одностатеві шлюби та партнерства в Ізраїлі – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Одностатеві шлюби та партнерства в Ізраїлі" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/C%C3%B4ng_nh%E1%BA%ADn_c%C3%A1c_c%E1%BA%B7p_c%C3%B9ng_gi%E1%BB%9Bi_%E1%BB%9F_Israel" title="Công nhận các cặp cùng giới ở Israel – Vietnamese" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Công nhận các cặp cùng giới ở Israel" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="Vietnamese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E4%BB%A5%E8%89%B2%E5%88%97%E5%90%8C%E6%80%A7%E5%A9%9A%E5%A7%BB" title="以色列同性婚姻 – Chinese" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="以色列同性婚姻" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Chinese" 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0;white-space:unset!important;"><span class="wraplinks"><a href="/wiki/Legal_status_of_same-sex_marriage" title="Legal status of same-sex marriage">Legal status of<br />same-sex unions</a></span></div></th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content" style="padding: 0;"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background:#E6E6FA; padding: 0.2em 0.4em 0.2em; margin-bottom: 0.2em;;color: var(--color-base)"><a href="/wiki/Same-sex_marriage" title="Same-sex marriage">Marriage</a></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content" style="text-align:left; margin-left: 0.5em; margin-right: 0.5em;"><div class="div-col" style="column-width: 8em;"><div class="plainlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Same-sex_marriage_in_Andorra" title="Same-sex marriage in Andorra">Andorra</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Same-sex_marriage_in_Argentina" title="Same-sex marriage in Argentina">Argentina</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Same-sex_marriage_in_Australia" title="Same-sex marriage in Australia">Australia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Same-sex_marriage_in_Austria" title="Same-sex marriage in Austria">Austria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Same-sex_marriage_in_Belgium" title="Same-sex marriage in Belgium">Belgium</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Same-sex_marriage_in_Brazil" title="Same-sex marriage in Brazil">Brazil</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Same-sex_marriage_in_Canada" title="Same-sex marriage in Canada">Canada</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Same-sex_marriage_in_Chile" title="Same-sex marriage in Chile">Chile</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Same-sex_marriage_in_Colombia" title="Same-sex marriage in Colombia">Colombia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Same-sex_marriage_in_Costa_Rica" title="Same-sex marriage in Costa Rica">Costa Rica</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Same-sex_marriage_in_Cuba" title="Same-sex marriage in Cuba">Cuba</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Same-sex_marriage_in_Denmark" title="Same-sex marriage in Denmark">Denmark</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Same-sex_marriage_in_Ecuador" title="Same-sex marriage in Ecuador">Ecuador</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Same-sex_marriage_in_Estonia" title="Same-sex marriage in Estonia">Estonia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Same-sex_marriage_in_Finland" title="Same-sex marriage in Finland">Finland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Same-sex_marriage_in_France" title="Same-sex marriage in France">France</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Same-sex_marriage_in_Germany" title="Same-sex marriage in Germany">Germany</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Same-sex_marriage_in_Greece" title="Same-sex marriage in Greece">Greece</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Same-sex_marriage_in_Iceland" title="Same-sex marriage in Iceland">Iceland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Same-sex_marriage_in_the_Republic_of_Ireland" title="Same-sex marriage in the Republic of Ireland">Ireland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Same-sex_marriage_in_Liechtenstein" title="Same-sex marriage in Liechtenstein">Liechtenstein</a><sup id="cite_ref-notyet_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-notyet-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>α<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Same-sex_marriage_in_Luxembourg" title="Same-sex marriage in Luxembourg">Luxembourg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Same-sex_marriage_in_Malta" title="Same-sex marriage in Malta">Malta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Same-sex_marriage_in_Mexico" title="Same-sex marriage in Mexico">Mexico</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Same-sex_marriage_in_the_Netherlands" title="Same-sex marriage in the Netherlands">Netherlands</a><sup id="cite_ref-kon_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-kon-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>i<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Same-sex_marriage_in_New_Zealand" title="Same-sex marriage in New Zealand">New Zealand</a><sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>ii<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Same-sex_marriage_in_Norway" title="Same-sex marriage in Norway">Norway</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Same-sex_marriage_in_Portugal" title="Same-sex marriage in Portugal">Portugal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Same-sex_marriage_in_Slovenia" title="Same-sex marriage in Slovenia">Slovenia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Same-sex_marriage_in_South_Africa" title="Same-sex marriage in South Africa">South Africa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Same-sex_marriage_in_Spain" title="Same-sex marriage in Spain">Spain</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Same-sex_marriage_in_Sweden" title="Same-sex marriage in Sweden">Sweden</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Same-sex_marriage_in_Switzerland" title="Same-sex marriage in Switzerland">Switzerland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Same-sex_marriage_in_Taiwan" title="Same-sex marriage in Taiwan">Taiwan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Same-sex_marriage_in_Thailand" title="Same-sex marriage in Thailand">Thailand</a><sup id="cite_ref-notyet_1-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-notyet-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>α<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Same-sex_marriage_in_the_United_Kingdom" title="Same-sex marriage in the United Kingdom">United Kingdom</a><sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>iii<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Same-sex_marriage_in_the_United_States" title="Same-sex marriage in the United States">United States</a><sup id="cite_ref-usa_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-usa-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>iv<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Same-sex_marriage_in_Uruguay" title="Same-sex marriage in Uruguay">Uruguay</a></li></ul> </div></div> <p><b>Recognized</b> </p> <div class="div-col" style="column-width: 8em;"><div class="plainlist"> <ul><li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Israel</a><sup id="cite_ref-israel_6-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-israel-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>v<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>United States:<sup id="cite_ref-usa_5-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-usa-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>iv<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <ul><li> • <a href="/wiki/Same-sex_marriage_in_American_Samoa" title="Same-sex marriage in American Samoa">American Samoa</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></div></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content" style="padding: 0;"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background:#E6E6FA; padding: 0.2em 0.4em 0.2em; margin-bottom: 0.2em;;color: var(--color-base)"><a href="/wiki/Civil_union" title="Civil union">Civil unions</a> or registered partnerships but not marriage</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content" style="text-align:left; margin-left: 0.5em; margin-right: 0.5em;"><div> <table class="col-begin" role="presentation"> <tbody><tr> <td class="col-break"><div class="plainlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Recognition_of_same-sex_unions_in_Bolivia" title="Recognition of same-sex unions in Bolivia">Bolivia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Recognition_of_same-sex_unions_in_Croatia" title="Recognition of same-sex unions in Croatia">Croatia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Recognition_of_same-sex_unions_in_Cyprus" title="Recognition of same-sex unions in Cyprus">Cyprus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Recognition_of_same-sex_unions_in_the_Czech_Republic" title="Recognition of same-sex unions in the Czech Republic">Czech Republic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Recognition_of_same-sex_unions_in_Hungary" title="Recognition of same-sex unions in Hungary">Hungary</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Recognition_of_same-sex_unions_in_Italy" title="Recognition of same-sex unions in Italy">Italy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Recognition_of_same-sex_unions_in_Latvia" title="Recognition of same-sex unions in Latvia">Latvia</a></li></ul> </div> </td> <td class="col-break"><div class="plainlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Recognition_of_same-sex_unions_in_Monaco" title="Recognition of same-sex unions in Monaco">Monaco</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Recognition_of_same-sex_unions_in_Montenegro" title="Recognition of same-sex unions in Montenegro">Montenegro</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Recognition_of_same-sex_unions_in_San_Marino" title="Recognition of same-sex unions in San Marino">San Marino</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Civil_partnership_in_the_United_Kingdom" title="Civil partnership in the United Kingdom">United Kingdom</a>: <ul><li> • <a href="/wiki/Same-sex_marriage_in_Bermuda" title="Same-sex marriage in Bermuda">Bermuda</a></li> <li> • <a href="/wiki/Same-sex_marriage_in_the_Cayman_Islands" title="Same-sex marriage in the Cayman Islands">Cayman Islands</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div>  </td></tr></tbody></table></div></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content" style="padding: 0;"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background:#E6E6FA; padding: 0.2em 0.4em 0.2em; margin-bottom: 0.2em;;color: var(--color-base)"><a href="/wiki/Unregistered_cohabitation" title="Unregistered cohabitation">Minimal recognition</a></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content" style="text-align:left; margin-left: 0.5em; margin-right: 0.5em;"><div> <table class="col-begin" role="presentation"> <tbody><tr> <td class="col-break"><div class="plainlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Recognition_of_same-sex_unions_in_Bulgaria" title="Recognition of same-sex unions in Bulgaria">Bulgaria</a><sup id="cite_ref-eu_7-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-eu-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>vi<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Recognition_of_same-sex_unions_in_Cambodia" title="Recognition of same-sex unions in Cambodia">Cambodia</a><sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>vii<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Recognition_of_same-sex_unions_in_China" title="Recognition of same-sex unions in China">China</a><sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>viii<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <ul><li> • <a href="/wiki/Recognition_of_same-sex_unions_in_Hong_Kong" title="Recognition of same-sex unions in Hong Kong">Hong Kong</a><sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>ix<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Recognition_of_same-sex_unions_in_India" title="Recognition of same-sex unions in India">India</a><sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>x<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Recognition_of_same-sex_unions_in_Japan" title="Recognition of same-sex unions in Japan">Japan</a><sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>xi<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Recognition_of_same-sex_unions_in_Lithuania" title="Recognition of same-sex unions in Lithuania">Lithuania</a><sup id="cite_ref-eu_7-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-eu-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>vi<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> </div> </td> <td class="col-break"><div class="plainlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Recognition_of_same-sex_unions_in_Namibia" title="Recognition of same-sex unions in Namibia">Namibia</a><sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>xii<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Same-sex_marriage_in_Nepal" title="Same-sex marriage in Nepal">Nepal</a></li> <li>Netherlands:<sup id="cite_ref-kon_2-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-kon-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>i<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <ul><li> • <a href="/wiki/Same-sex_marriage_in_Aruba,_Cura%C3%A7ao_and_Sint_Maarten" title="Same-sex marriage in Aruba, Curaçao and Sint Maarten">Sint Maarten</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Recognition_of_same-sex_unions_in_Poland" title="Recognition of same-sex unions in Poland">Poland</a><sup id="cite_ref-eu_7-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-eu-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>vi<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Recognition_of_same-sex_unions_in_Romania" title="Recognition of same-sex unions in Romania">Romania</a><sup id="cite_ref-eu_7-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-eu-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>vi<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>xiii<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Recognition_of_same-sex_unions_in_Slovakia" title="Recognition of same-sex unions in Slovakia">Slovakia</a><sup id="cite_ref-eu_7-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-eu-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>vi<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> </div>  </td></tr></tbody></table></div></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content" style="padding: 0;"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background:#E6E6FA; padding: 0.2em 0.4em 0.2em; margin-bottom: 0.2em;;color: var(--color-base)">See also</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content" style="text-align:left; margin-left: 0.5em; margin-right: 0.5em;"><div class="plainlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Same-sex_union_legislation" title="Same-sex union legislation">Same-sex union legislation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Same-sex_union_court_cases" title="Same-sex union court cases">Same-sex union court cases</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_same-sex_marriage" title="Timeline of same-sex marriage">Timeline of same-sex marriage</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Recognition_of_same-sex_unions_in_Africa" title="Recognition of same-sex unions in Africa">Recognition of same-sex unions in Africa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Recognition_of_same-sex_unions_in_Asia" title="Recognition of same-sex unions in Asia">Recognition of same-sex unions in Asia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Recognition_of_same-sex_unions_in_Europe" title="Recognition of same-sex unions in Europe">Recognition of same-sex unions in Europe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Recognition_of_same-sex_unions_in_the_Americas" title="Recognition of same-sex unions in the Americas">Recognition of same-sex unions in the Americas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Recognition_of_same-sex_unions_in_Oceania" title="Recognition of same-sex unions in Oceania">Recognition of same-sex unions in Oceania</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marriage_privatization" title="Marriage privatization">Marriage privatization</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Divorce_of_same-sex_couples" title="Divorce of same-sex couples">Divorce of same-sex couples</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Domestic_partnership" title="Domestic partnership">Domestic partnership</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Same-sex_unions_and_military_policy" title="Same-sex unions and military policy">Military policy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Same-sex_adoption" title="Same-sex adoption">Adoption</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Marriage,_unions_and_partnerships_by_country" title="Category:Marriage, unions and partnerships by country">Listings by country</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/LGBTQ_rights_by_country_or_territory" title="LGBTQ rights by country or territory">LGBTQ rights by country or territory</a></li></ul> </div></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content" style="padding: 0;"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background:#E6E6FA; padding: 0.2em 0.4em 0.2em; margin-bottom: 0.2em;;color: var(--color-base)">Notes</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content" style="text-align:left; margin-left: 0.5em; margin-right: 0.5em;"><div class="reflist reflist-lower-roman"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-kon-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-kon_2-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-kon_2-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Performed in the Netherlands proper (including the <a href="/wiki/Same-sex_marriage_in_Bonaire,_Sint_Eustatius_and_Saba" title="Same-sex marriage in Bonaire, Sint Eustatius and Saba">Caribbean Netherlands</a>), as well as in <a href="/wiki/Same-sex_marriage_in_Aruba,_Cura%C3%A7ao_and_Sint_Maarten" title="Same-sex marriage in Aruba, Curaçao and Sint Maarten">Aruba and Curaçao</a>. May be registered in <a href="/wiki/Same-sex_marriage_in_Aruba,_Cura%C3%A7ao_and_Sint_Maarten" title="Same-sex marriage in Aruba, Curaçao and Sint Maarten">Sint Maarten</a> in such cases, but the rights of marriage are not guaranteed.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Neither performed nor recognized in <a href="/wiki/Realm_of_New_Zealand" title="Realm of New Zealand">Niue, Tokelau, or the Cook Islands</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Neither performed nor recognized in six <a href="/wiki/Recognition_of_same-sex_unions_in_the_British_Overseas_Territories" title="Recognition of same-sex unions in the British Overseas Territories">British Overseas Territories</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-usa-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-usa_5-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-usa_5-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Neither performed nor recognized in <a href="/wiki/Same-sex_marriage_in_tribal_nations_in_the_United_States" title="Same-sex marriage in tribal nations in the United States">some tribal nations</a>. Recognized but not performed in several other tribal nations and <a href="/wiki/Same-sex_marriage_in_American_Samoa" title="Same-sex marriage in American Samoa">American Samoa</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-israel-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-israel_6-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Registered foreign marriages confer all marriage rights. Domestic common-law marriages confer most rights of marriage. Domestic civil marriage recognized by some cities.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-eu-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-eu_7-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-eu_7-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-eu_7-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-eu_7-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-eu_7-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">The <i><a href="/wiki/Coman_v._Romania" class="mw-redirect" title="Coman v. Romania">Coman v. Romania</a></i> ruling of the <a href="/wiki/European_Court_of_Justice" title="European Court of Justice">European Court of Justice</a> obliges the state to provide residency rights for the foreign spouses of <a href="/wiki/European_Union_citizenship" title="European Union citizenship">EU citizens</a>. Some member states, including Romania, do not follow the ruling.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-8">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">A "declaration of family relationship" is available in several of Cambodia's communes which may be useful in matters such as housing, but is not legally binding.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-9">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Guardianship agreements, conferring some limited legal benefits, including decisions about medical and personal care.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-10">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Inheritance, guardianship rights, and residency rights for foreign spouses of legal residents.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-11">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Courts have recognised <i><a href="/wiki/Guru%E2%80%93shishya_tradition" title="Guru–shishya tradition">guru–shishya</a></i>, <i><a href="/wiki/Nata_pratha" title="Nata pratha">nata pratha</a></i> or <i><a href="/wiki/Maitri_karar" title="Maitri karar">maitri karar</a></i>–type contractual relationships, but they are not legally binding.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-12">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Some cities and prefectures issue <a href="/wiki/Partnership_oath_in_Japan" title="Partnership oath in Japan">partnership certificates</a>, but they are not legally binding.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-13">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Marriages conducted abroad between a Namibian national and a foreign spouse recognized for residency rights.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-14">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Hospital visitation rights through a "legal representative" status.</span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="reflist reflist-lower-greek"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-notyet-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-notyet_1-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-notyet_1-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Not yet in effect.</span> </li> </ol></div></div></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-below" style="border-top: none;"> <span class="nowrap"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0e/Nuvola_LGBT_flag.svg/16px-Nuvola_LGBT_flag.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0e/Nuvola_LGBT_flag.svg/24px-Nuvola_LGBT_flag.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0e/Nuvola_LGBT_flag.svg/32px-Nuvola_LGBT_flag.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="512" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Portal:LGBTQ" title="Portal:LGBTQ">LGBTQ portal</a></td></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-navbar"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239400231">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:114%;margin:0 7em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:114%;margin:0 4em}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Same-sex_unions" title="Template:Same-sex unions"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Same-sex_unions" title="Template talk:Same-sex unions"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Same-sex_unions" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Same-sex unions"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <p> <a href="/wiki/Marriage_in_Israel" title="Marriage in Israel">Marriage in Israel</a> is regulated by the religious courts of recognized <a href="/wiki/Confessional_communities" class="mw-redirect" title="Confessional communities">confessional communities</a>, none of which perform <a href="/wiki/Interfaith_marriage" title="Interfaith marriage">interfaith</a> or <a href="/wiki/Same-sex_marriage" title="Same-sex marriage">same-sex marriages</a>. Domestic <a href="/wiki/Civil_marriage" title="Civil marriage">civil marriage</a> is not recognized in <a href="/wiki/Israel" title="Israel">Israel</a>; however, civil marriages performed in foreign jurisdictions, including same-sex marriages, are recognized with full marital rights under Israeli law.<sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Marriages performed in Israel are only legally recognized when registered with one of the 15 religious marital courts recognized by the state, none of which permit same-sex marriage. In November 2006, the <a href="/wiki/Supreme_Court_of_Israel#High_Court_of_Justice" title="Supreme Court of Israel">High Court of Justice</a> ruled that same-sex marriages performed abroad may be registered in Israel.<sup id="cite_ref-auto_17-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-auto-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Consequently, Israeli same-sex couples who wished to have their marriages recognized by the government had to marry outside Israel, in a jurisdiction where such marriages were legal, and then register upon returning home. In July 2022, the Central District Court ruled that marriages performed via an online civil marriage service established by the <a href="/wiki/U.S._state" title="U.S. state">U.S. state</a> of <a href="/wiki/Utah" title="Utah">Utah</a>, including same-sex marriages, are legal in Israel, removing the necessity of leaving the country to get married.<sup id="cite_ref-utah_18-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-utah-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The ruling was upheld by the <a href="/wiki/Supreme_Court_of_Israel" title="Supreme Court of Israel">Supreme Court</a> in 2023.<sup id="cite_ref-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Polling suggests that a majority of <a href="/wiki/Israelis" title="Israelis">Israelis</a> support the legal recognition of same-sex unions,<sup id="cite_ref-pollchannel13_21-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-pollchannel13-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> with a June 2019 opinion poll conducted by <a href="/wiki/Hiddush_(organization)" title="Hiddush (organization)">Hiddush</a> showing that 78% of Israelis supported recognizing same-sex unions.<sup id="cite_ref-poll1_22-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-poll1-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Legal_history">Legal history</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Recognition_of_same-sex_unions_in_Israel&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Legal history"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Background">Background</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Recognition_of_same-sex_unions_in_Israel&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Background"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main articles: <a href="/wiki/Marriage_in_Israel" title="Marriage in Israel">Marriage in Israel</a> and <a href="/wiki/Recognition_of_civil_marriage_in_Israel" title="Recognition of civil marriage in Israel">Recognition of civil marriage in Israel</a></div> <p>The religious authority for <a href="/wiki/Judaism" title="Judaism">Jewish</a> marriages is the <a href="/wiki/Chief_Rabbinate_of_Israel" title="Chief Rabbinate of Israel">Chief Rabbinate of Israel</a>, and there are parallel religious authorities for <a href="/wiki/Christians" title="Christians">Christians</a>, <a href="/wiki/Muslims" title="Muslims">Muslims</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Druze" title="Druze">Druze</a>, with a total of 15 religious courts. These regulate <a href="/wiki/Marriage" title="Marriage">marriages</a> and <a href="/wiki/Divorce" title="Divorce">divorces</a> for their own communities. Currently, they all oppose same-sex marriages. If the views of one of these bodies were to change, however, it would be legal for members of that community to enter into religious same-sex marriages in Israel. Non-religious same-sex wedding ceremonies without legal significance are commonly conducted in Israel, most notably in <a href="/wiki/Tel_Aviv" title="Tel Aviv">Tel Aviv</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-auto_17-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-auto-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The first unofficial municipal wedding took place in August 2009, following the <a href="/wiki/Tel_Aviv_Pride" title="Tel Aviv Pride">Tel Aviv Pride Parade</a>; five couples were married by Mayor <a href="/wiki/Ron_Huldai" title="Ron Huldai">Ron Huldai</a>. The traditional verse for wedding ceremonies from <a href="/wiki/Psalm_137" title="Psalm 137">Psalm 137</a>, "If I forget thee, O Jerusalem, let my right hand wither...", was used, but replacing <i>Jerusalem</i> with <i>Tel Aviv</i>, Israel's most gay-friendly city.<sup id="cite_ref-23" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-24" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> 23 couples held an unofficial mass wedding ceremony in Tel Aviv on 4 June 2019.<sup id="cite_ref-25" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-26" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-27" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Israel does not perform <a href="/wiki/Civil_marriage" title="Civil marriage">civil marriages</a>. As a result, <a href="/wiki/Israelis" title="Israelis">Israelis</a> not affiliated with any <a href="/wiki/Religion" title="Religion">religion</a>, <a href="/wiki/Hiloni" title="Hiloni">secular Jews</a> not wishing to marry in the rabbinical courts, same-sex couples, and some <a href="/wiki/Russian_Jews_in_Israel" title="Russian Jews in Israel">Russian</a> and <a href="/wiki/Ethiopian_Jews_in_Israel" title="Ethiopian Jews in Israel">Ethiopian Jews</a>, who cannot prove their Jewish heritage to the satisfaction of rabbinical authorities, cannot marry in the religious courts. Many couples go to <a href="/wiki/Cyprus" title="Cyprus">Cyprus</a> to marry;<sup id="cite_ref-court_28-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-court-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> however, same-sex marriage <a href="/wiki/Recognition_of_same-sex_unions_in_Cyprus" title="Recognition of same-sex unions in Cyprus">is not legal</a> in Cyprus, and as a result same-sex couples often travel to <a href="/wiki/Western_Europe" title="Western Europe">Western Europe</a>, <a href="/wiki/Canada" title="Canada">Canada</a> or the <a href="/wiki/United_States" title="United States">United States</a> to marry. Despite this fact, unmarried same-sex and opposite-sex couples have equal access to virtually all of the rights of married couples in the form of an "<a href="/wiki/Unregistered_cohabitation" title="Unregistered cohabitation">unregistered cohabitation</a>" status (<a href="/wiki/Hebrew_language" title="Hebrew language">Hebrew</a>: <span lang="he" dir="rtl">קוהביטציה שאינה רשומה</span>,<sup id="cite_ref-29" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <span title="Hebrew-language romanization"><i lang="he-Latn">kohabitatzyah she'einah reshumah</i></span>, <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1177148991">.mw-parser-output .IPA-label-small{font-size:85%}.mw-parser-output .references .IPA-label-small,.mw-parser-output .infobox .IPA-label-small,.mw-parser-output .navbox .IPA-label-small{font-size:100%}</style><span class="IPA-label IPA-label-small">pronounced</span> <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="he-Latn-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Hebrew" title="Help:IPA/Hebrew">[kohabitatsˈjah<span class="wrap"> </span>ʃeʔeiˈnah<span class="wrap"> </span>ʁeʃuˈmah]</a></span>; <a href="/wiki/Arabic_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Arabic language">Arabic</a>: <span lang="ar" dir="rtl">المساكنة غير المسجلة</span>, <span title="Arabic-language romanization"><i lang="ar-Latn">al-musākanah ghayr al-musajjalah</i></span>) similar to <a href="/wiki/Common-law_marriage" title="Common-law marriage">common-law marriage</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Foreign_marriages">Foreign marriages</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Recognition_of_same-sex_unions_in_Israel&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Foreign marriages"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Asia_homosexuality_laws.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6d/Asia_homosexuality_laws.svg/330px-Asia_homosexuality_laws.svg.png" decoding="async" width="330" height="262" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6d/Asia_homosexuality_laws.svg/495px-Asia_homosexuality_laws.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6d/Asia_homosexuality_laws.svg/660px-Asia_homosexuality_laws.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="800" data-file-height="635" /></a><figcaption><b>Laws regarding homosexuality in Asia</b><br /> <b>Same-sex sexual activity legal</b> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r981673959">.mw-parser-output .legend{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .legend-color{display:inline-block;min-width:1.25em;height:1.25em;line-height:1.25;margin:1px 0;text-align:center;border:1px solid black;background-color:transparent;color:black}.mw-parser-output .legend-text{}</style><div class="legend"><span class="legend-color mw-no-invert" style="background-color:#025; color:white;"> </span> Marriage performed</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959"><div class="legend"><span class="legend-color mw-no-invert" style="background-color:#90C; color:white;"> </span> Marriage recognized</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959"><div class="legend"><span class="legend-color mw-no-invert" style="background-color:#06F; color:white;"> </span> Other type of partnership</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959"><div class="legend"><span class="legend-color mw-no-invert" style="background-color:#9CF; color:black;"> </span> Legal guardianships or unregistered cohabitation</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959"><div class="legend"><span class="legend-color mw-no-invert" style="background-color:#CAF; color:black;"> </span> Limited foreign recognition (residency rights)</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959"><div class="legend"><span class="legend-color mw-no-invert" style="background-color:#CCC; color:black;"> </span> No recognition of same-sex couples</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959"><div class="legend"><span class="legend-color mw-no-invert" style="background-color:#decd87; color:black;"> </span> Restrictions on freedom of expression, not enforced</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959"><div class="legend"><span class="legend-color mw-no-invert" style="background-color:#E3B367; color:black;"> </span> Severe restrictions of association with arrests or detention</div> <b>Same-sex sexual activity illegal</b> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959"><div class="legend"><span class="legend-color mw-no-invert" style="background-color:#f9dc36; color:black;"> </span> Prison, not enforced</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959"><div class="legend"><span class="legend-color mw-no-invert" style="background-color:#ec8028; color:black;"> </span> Prison</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959"><div class="legend"><span class="legend-color mw-no-invert" style="background-color:#cc6633; color:black;"> </span> Death penalty on books, not enforced</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959"><div class="legend"><span class="legend-color mw-no-invert" style="background-color:#800000; color:white;"> </span> Enforced death penalty</div> <hr /> <div align="right"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Same-sex_marriage_map_Asia" title="Template:Same-sex marriage map Asia"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Same-sex_marriage_map_Asia" title="Template talk:Same-sex marriage map Asia"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Same-sex_marriage_map_Asia" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Same-sex marriage map Asia"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div></div></figcaption></figure> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="2006_Supreme_Court_ruling">2006 Supreme Court ruling</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Recognition_of_same-sex_unions_in_Israel&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: 2006 Supreme Court ruling"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><a href="/wiki/Same-sex_marriage" title="Same-sex marriage">Same-sex marriages</a> performed abroad in a jurisdiction where such marriages are legal can be recorded with the <a href="/wiki/Administration_of_Border_Crossings,_Population_and_Immigration" class="mw-redirect" title="Administration of Border Crossings, Population and Immigration">Administration of Border Crossings, Population and Immigration</a>, according to a November 2006 ruling by the <a href="/wiki/Supreme_Court_of_Israel#High_Court_of_Justice" title="Supreme Court of Israel">High Court of Justice</a>. The case was filed by five male Israeli couples <a href="/wiki/Same-sex_marriage_in_Canada" title="Same-sex marriage in Canada">married in Canada</a> who sought recognition of their marriage back home in Israel. The court ruled 6–1 that the government must register same-sex marriages performed abroad. One of the plaintiffs said, "I am glad we won and got what we wanted to achieve in this petition, which was the basic right to be registered as married by the Israeli Ministry of Interior, just as any couple marrying abroad does and takes it for granted."<sup id="cite_ref-court2006_30-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-court2006-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Lawyers for the couples cited a Supreme Court case from 1962 that the government must register civil marriages performed abroad.<sup id="cite_ref-court_28-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-court-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/LGBTQ" title="LGBTQ">LGBTQ</a> advocates welcomed the court decision. It was strongly condemned by Orthodox Jewish politicians, however, including by <a href="/wiki/United_Torah_Judaism" title="United Torah Judaism">United Torah Judaism</a> MK <a href="/wiki/Moshe_Gafni" title="Moshe Gafni">Moshe Gafni</a>, who called the ruling "the destruction of the family unit in the state of Israel".<sup id="cite_ref-31" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In December 2012, a <a href="/wiki/Judiciary_of_Israel#Magistrate_courts" title="Judiciary of Israel">family court</a> in <a href="/wiki/Ramat_Gan" title="Ramat Gan">Ramat Gan</a> granted a married same-sex couple a legal divorce.<sup id="cite_ref-family2012_32-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-family2012-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> This was the first decision of its kind, setting a non-binding <a href="/wiki/Precedent" title="Precedent">precedent</a>. </p><p>In December 2016, <a href="/wiki/Attorney_General_of_Israel" title="Attorney General of Israel">Attorney General</a> <a href="/wiki/Avichai_Mandelblit" title="Avichai Mandelblit">Avichai Mandelblit</a> instructed the <a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_the_Interior_(Israel)" class="mw-redirect" title="Ministry of the Interior (Israel)">Interior Ministry</a> to consider applications for <a href="/wiki/Citizenship" title="Citizenship">citizenship</a> by same-sex and opposite-sex couples equally under the same terms. The same-sex spouse of an Israeli citizen is now able to claim <a href="/wiki/Israeli_citizenship_law" title="Israeli citizenship law">Israeli citizenship</a> after the same interval as an opposite-sex spouse. Previously, same-sex couples had to wait up to seven years, and would generally only be granted <a href="/wiki/Permanent_residency" title="Permanent residency">permanent residency</a> rather than citizenship. The process was far easier for opposite-sex couples.<sup id="cite_ref-33" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The decision came in response to a lawsuit filed with the High Court of Justice by the Israeli Gay Fathers Association. </p><p>In June 2020, officials in <a href="/wiki/Tel_Aviv-Yafo_Municipality" title="Tel Aviv-Yafo Municipality">Tel Aviv-Yafo Municipality</a> announced they would register interfaith and cohabiting same-sex couples as married. Mayor <a href="/wiki/Ron_Huldai" title="Ron Huldai">Ron Huldai</a> said the move makes those who register eligible for housing tax discounts as well as easing enrollment of their children in public daycares and schools. The move was widely regarded as a protest against the government's refusal to legalize civil marriage.<sup id="cite_ref-34" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In November 2020, officials in Ramat Gan made a similar announcement. Mayor <a href="/wiki/Carmel_Shama" title="Carmel Shama">Carmel Shama</a> said the measure had been approved almost unanimously by the city administration, and that it would permit same-sex couples who married abroad to register as married on city documents and be treated on par with married couples for <a href="/wiki/Tax" title="Tax">tax</a> and other purposes.<sup id="cite_ref-35" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-35"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Utah_online_marriages">Utah online marriages</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Recognition_of_same-sex_unions_in_Israel&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Utah online marriages"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>As a result of the <a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Israel" title="COVID-19 pandemic in Israel">COVID-19 pandemic</a>, couples unable to legally marry in Israel could not travel overseas to marry due to restrictions on international travel. Around 500 couples decided to marry through an online civil marriage service established by the <a href="/wiki/U.S._state" title="U.S. state">U.S. state</a> of <a href="/wiki/Utah" title="Utah">Utah</a>. The marriage is officiated by <a href="/wiki/Zoom_(software)" title="Zoom (software)">Zoom</a> and for an additional fee the couple can obtain an <a href="/wiki/Apostille_Convention" title="Apostille Convention">apostille</a> validation stamp for the marriage license provided by Utah state authorities. In June 2021, the Population and Immigration Authority of the Interior Ministry, led by Minister <a href="/wiki/Ayelet_Shaked" title="Ayelet Shaked">Ayelet Shaked</a>, who is opposed to civil marriage, announced it would not register the marriages, arguing that the weddings were performed in Israel, where there is no provision for civil marriage. Attorney Vlad Finkelshtein rejected this claim, telling <i><a href="/wiki/The_Jerusalem_Post" title="The Jerusalem Post">The Jerusalem Post</a></i> that "every aspect of the wedding was performed in Utah, the office of the marriage registrar was in Utah, and that the computer and the IP address from which the ceremony was broadcast were in Utah".<sup id="cite_ref-36" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-36"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The Interior Ministry instructed to freeze the procedure after three marriages were recognized by the Population Authority, prompting dozens of couples to seek legal action. </p><p>Judge Efrat Fink of the Central District Court in <a href="/wiki/Lod" title="Lod">Lod</a> ruled on 7 July 2022 that the Interior Ministry must recognize all the online marriages. MK <a href="/wiki/Yorai_Lahav-Hertzanu" title="Yorai Lahav-Hertzanu">Yorai Lahav-Hertzanu</a> welcomed the ruling, saying that it "is important and just, and it simply states the obvious – a couple who marries abroad (even via Zoom) must be recognized in Israel. I urge the state not to appeal this ruling." Rabbi <a href="/wiki/Aaron_Leibowitz" title="Aaron Leibowitz">Aaron Leibowitz</a> said, "It is unthinkable to me that a country can allow any of its citizens to become dependent on a foreign entity for such a basic need and right as marriage. This is discriminatory, and causes tremendous pain and alienation, not to mention considerable expense. The rabbinate's position portrays a religion obsessed with controlling others even in the most personal of ways." MK <a href="/wiki/Avi_Maoz" title="Avi Maoz">Avi Maoz</a> of the extremist <a href="/wiki/Noam_(political_party)" title="Noam (political party)">Noam</a> party, known for his violent anti-LGBT beliefs and opposing women serving in the <a href="/wiki/Israel_Defense_Forces" title="Israel Defense Forces">Israel Defense Forces</a>, said that the ruling was "ignoring policy that has been in effect for decades. It's unthinkable that judges in Israel undermine the Jewish state and carry out a quiet coup to make Israel a people's state. God willing, this will be rectified soon." <a href="/wiki/Aryeh_Deri" title="Aryeh Deri">Aryeh Deri</a> urged Attorney General <a href="/wiki/Gali_Baharav-Miara" title="Gali Baharav-Miara">Gali Baharav-Miara</a> to <a href="/wiki/Intervention_(law)" title="Intervention (law)">intervene</a> and seek a <a href="/wiki/Stay_of_execution" title="Stay of execution">stay</a> of the ruling.<sup id="cite_ref-utah_18-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-utah-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-37" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-37"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The decision means that couples need not leave Israel to marry any longer;<sup id="cite_ref-jpost_38-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-jpost-38"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> they may be wed in Israel using the online marriage service and then register their marriage with the state, allowing them to apply for government benefits offered to married couples. The decision was upheld by the Supreme Court on 7 March 2023.<sup id="cite_ref-39" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-39"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Statistics">Statistics</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Recognition_of_same-sex_unions_in_Israel&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Statistics"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The <a href="/wiki/Israel_Central_Bureau_of_Statistics" title="Israel Central Bureau of Statistics">Israel Central Bureau of Statistics</a> reported in 2019 that 1,151 same-sex couples had registered their foreign weddings in Israel since 2006. Male couples accounted for the majority of registrations at 61%.<sup id="cite_ref-40" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-40"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-41" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-41"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-42" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-42"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Legislative_activity">Legislative activity</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Recognition_of_same-sex_unions_in_Israel&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Legislative activity"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Hayovel_gay_3.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cb/Hayovel_gay_3.JPG/220px-Hayovel_gay_3.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cb/Hayovel_gay_3.JPG/330px-Hayovel_gay_3.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cb/Hayovel_gay_3.JPG/440px-Hayovel_gay_3.JPG 2x" data-file-width="3264" data-file-height="2448" /></a><figcaption>Signs supporting same-sex marriage in Israel in <a href="/wiki/Herzliya" title="Herzliya">Herzliya</a>, 2012</figcaption></figure> <p>In February 2009, MK <a href="/wiki/Nitzan_Horowitz" title="Nitzan Horowitz">Nitzan Horowitz</a> introduced a civil marriage bill which included provisions for same-sex marriages.<sup id="cite_ref-43" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-43"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The bill was rejected by the <a href="/wiki/Knesset" title="Knesset">Knesset</a> in May 2012, in a 39 to 11 vote, with 70 MKs not attending.<sup id="cite_ref-bill_44-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-bill-44"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-45" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-45"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In March 2010, the Knesset passed the <i>Civil Union Law for Citizens with No Religious Affiliation, 2010</i>.<sup id="cite_ref-47" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-47"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>a<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The law allows opposite-sex couples, but not same-sex couples, to form a <a href="/wiki/Civil_union" title="Civil union">civil union</a> in Israel if they are both registered as officially not belonging to any religion.<sup id="cite_ref-48" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-48"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In October 2012, the Supreme Court upheld the validity of the law.<sup id="cite_ref-49" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-49"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> By 2016, only 121 couples had entered into civil unions.<sup id="cite_ref-50" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-50"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>35<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In June 2013, <a href="/wiki/Hatnuah" class="mw-redirect" title="Hatnuah">Hatnuah</a> MKs, led by <a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_Justice_(Israel)" title="Ministry of Justice (Israel)">Justice Minister</a> <a href="/wiki/Tzipi_Livni" title="Tzipi Livni">Tzipi Livni</a>, introduced a bill to establish civil unions in Israel for both opposite-sex and same-sex couples.<sup id="cite_ref-51" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-51"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>36<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In October 2013, <a href="/wiki/Yesh_Atid" title="Yesh Atid">Yesh Atid</a> MKs, led by <a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_Finance_(Israel)" title="Ministry of Finance (Israel)">Finance Minister</a> <a href="/wiki/Yair_Lapid" title="Yair Lapid">Yair Lapid</a>, introduced a similar bill.<sup id="cite_ref-52" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-52"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>37<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Meretz" title="Meretz">Meretz</a> MK <a href="/wiki/Zehava_Gal-On" class="mw-redirect" title="Zehava Gal-On">Zehava Gal-On</a> introduced a civil marriage bill which included provisions for same-sex marriages.<sup id="cite_ref-jerusalempost8July2015_53-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-jerusalempost8July2015-53"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>38<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> On 8 July 2015, the Knesset rejected the civil union bill proposed by Yesh Atid, and the civil marriage bill proposed by Meretz. The Knesset voted 39–50 to reject the two bills.<sup id="cite_ref-jerusalempost8July2015_53-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-jerusalempost8July2015-53"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>38<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Hatnuah's bill was rejected by the Knesset on 22 February 2016 in a 40–47 vote.<sup id="cite_ref-54" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-54"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>39<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> A same-sex marriage bill failed in the Knesset in June 2018 by three votes, 42 to 39. The bill's sponsor, MK <a href="/wiki/Stav_Shaffir" title="Stav Shaffir">Stav Shaffir</a> from <a href="/wiki/The_Zionist_Union" class="mw-redirect" title="The Zionist Union">The Zionist Union</a>, blamed its failure on MKs from the <a href="/wiki/Thirty-fourth_government_of_Israel" title="Thirty-fourth government of Israel">coalition government</a> who promised publicly that they would vote in favor, but instead chose to vote against or abstain from voting.<sup id="cite_ref-55" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-55"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>40<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-56" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-56"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>41<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-57" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-57"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>42<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The vote happened shortly after an estimated 250,000 people marched in the Tel Aviv Pride Parade, and an <a href="/wiki/Opinion_poll" title="Opinion poll">opinion poll</a> found that a majority of Israelis supported same-sex marriage.<sup id="cite_ref-poll_58-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-poll-58"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>43<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In August 2022, Prime Minister Lapid urged the Knesset to legalize same-sex marriage. Citing opinion polls, he said, "If most of the public is with us, why did all our bills on the matters fall or get stuck? Why am I the first Israeli prime minister to arrive at an event for the gay community?" Lapid accused other politicians of being "scared" of supporting same-sex marriage.<sup id="cite_ref-59" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-59"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>44<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Court_cases">Court cases</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Recognition_of_same-sex_unions_in_Israel&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Court cases"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In November 2015, the National LGBT Taskforce of Israel petitioned the <a href="/wiki/Supreme_Court_of_Israel" title="Supreme Court of Israel">Supreme Court</a> to allow same-sex marriage in the country, arguing that the refusal of the rabbinical court to recognize same-sex marriage should not prevent civil courts from performing same-sex marriages. The court did not immediately rule against the validity of the petition.<sup id="cite_ref-60" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-60"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>45<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In January 2017, at a public hearing and in its capacity as the High Court of Justice, two justices of the court implied the issue of civil and same-sex marriage was the responsibility of the Knesset, rather than the courts.<sup id="cite_ref-61" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-61"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>46<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The court handed down its ruling in <i>Israel Organization for Protection of Individual Rights v. Ministry of Interior</i> on 31 August 2017, determining that the issue was the responsibility of the Knesset, and not the judiciary.<sup id="cite_ref-62" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-62"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>47<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-63" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-63"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>48<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Knesset_and_military_recognition">Knesset and military recognition</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Recognition_of_same-sex_unions_in_Israel&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Knesset and military recognition"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>After the <a href="/wiki/April_2019_Israeli_legislative_election" title="April 2019 Israeli legislative election">April 2019 elections</a> and the election of a record five openly LGBT MKs, it was announced that the Knesset would replace the term "husband and wife" with "couple" on all its official documents, and would grant equal rights to the partners of LGBT legislators, such as permanent entry passes to the Knesset, authorization to drive Knesset-issued cars assigned to their partners, and invitations to all official ceremonies and events.<sup id="cite_ref-64" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-64"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>49<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In November 2023, the Knesset passed an amendment to the <i>Families of Fallen Soldiers Law</i> requiring the <a href="/wiki/Israel_Defense_Forces" title="Israel Defense Forces">Israel Defense Forces</a> (IDF) to recognise the surviving partners of LGBT soldiers. Omer Ohana, whose partner <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238216509">.mw-parser-output .vanchor>:target~.vanchor-text{background-color:#b1d2ff}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .vanchor>:target~.vanchor-text{background-color:#0f4dc9}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .vanchor>:target~.vanchor-text{background-color:#0f4dc9}}</style><span class="vanchor"><span id="Sagi_Golan"></span><span class="vanchor-text">Sagi Golan</span></span>, an IDF reservist who died in <a href="/wiki/Be%27eri" title="Be'eri">Be'eri</a> during a <a href="/wiki/Be%27eri_massacre" title="Be'eri massacre">Hamas attack</a> on 7 October 2023, campaigned for the change.<sup id="cite_ref-65" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-65"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>50<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Ohana had previously been unable to fully participate in a <i><a href="/wiki/Shiva_(Judaism)" title="Shiva (Judaism)">shiva</a></i> ceremony and under the law was not recognized as Golan's widow. The law now defines an IDF widower or widow as a person whose partner was <a href="/wiki/Casualty_(person)" title="Casualty (person)">killed in combat</a> regardless of gender.<sup id="cite_ref-66" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-66"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>51<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Political_viewpoints">Political viewpoints</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Recognition_of_same-sex_unions_in_Israel&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Political viewpoints"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><a href="/wiki/List_of_political_parties_in_Israel" title="List of political parties in Israel">Political parties</a> and alliances represented in the Knesset, as of 2024, that have expressed support for same-sex marriage include the <a href="/wiki/National_Unity_(Israel)" title="National Unity (Israel)">National Unity</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-mako_67-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-mako-67"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>52<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/The_Democrats_(Israel)" title="The Democrats (Israel)">The Democrats</a>, <a href="/wiki/New_Hope_(Israel)" title="New Hope (Israel)">New Hope</a>, <a href="/wiki/Yesh_Atid" title="Yesh Atid">Yesh Atid</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Hadash" title="Hadash">Hadash</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-68" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-68"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>53<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-69" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-69"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>54<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Some former parties, such as <a href="/wiki/Hatnuah" class="mw-redirect" title="Hatnuah">Hatnuah</a> and <a href="/wiki/Kulanu" title="Kulanu">Kulanu</a>, also supported same-sex marriage. The <a href="/wiki/Thirty-sixth_government_of_Israel" title="Thirty-sixth government of Israel">government</a> sworn in after the <a href="/wiki/2021_Israeli_legislative_election" title="2021 Israeli legislative election">2021 election</a> included a theoretical majority of parties in favour of same-sex marriage: Yesh Atid, <a href="/wiki/Blue_and_White_(political_alliance)" title="Blue and White (political alliance)">Blue and White</a>, <a href="/wiki/Israeli_Labor_Party" title="Israeli Labor Party">Labor</a>, New Hope, and <a href="/wiki/Meretz" title="Meretz">Meretz</a>. However, the government also included socially conservative parties strongly opposed to LGBT rights. In June 2021, <a href="/wiki/Nitzan_Horowitz" title="Nitzan Horowitz">Nitzan Horowitz</a>, the leader of Meretz, said the coalition agreement included "a clear commitment to advance the rights of the LGBT community in Israel" and "recognize the status of unmarried couples, including partners of the same sex, as married".<sup id="cite_ref-70" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-70"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>55<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The <a href="/wiki/Thirty-seventh_government_of_Israel" title="Thirty-seventh government of Israel">current government</a> includes some far-right, Orthodox Jewish parties which oppose same-sex marriage.<sup id="cite_ref-71" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-71"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>56<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Likud" title="Likud">Likud</a>: The party has not taken an official position on the issue. Individual Likud members, such as <a href="/wiki/Limor_Livnat" title="Limor Livnat">Limor Livnat</a>, <a href="/wiki/Sharren_Haskel" title="Sharren Haskel">Sharren Haskel</a>, <a href="/wiki/Tzachi_Hanegbi" title="Tzachi Hanegbi">Tzachi Hanegbi</a>, <a href="/wiki/Gila_Gamliel" title="Gila Gamliel">Gila Gamliel</a>, <a href="/wiki/Orly_Levy-Abekasis" title="Orly Levy-Abekasis">Orly Levy-Abekasis</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Miri_Regev" title="Miri Regev">Miri Regev</a>, have expressed support for LGBT rights,<sup id="cite_ref-72" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-72"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>57<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Haaretz_73-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Haaretz-73"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>58<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-74" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-74"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>59<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and one of the party's members, <a href="/wiki/Amir_Ohana" title="Amir Ohana">Amir Ohana</a>, the <a href="/wiki/List_of_Knesset_speakers" class="mw-redirect" title="List of Knesset speakers">Speaker of the Knesset</a>, is openly gay.<sup id="cite_ref-75" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-75"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>60<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Prime Minister <a href="/wiki/Benjamin_Netanyahu" title="Benjamin Netanyahu">Benjamin Netanyahu</a> has not stated a position on same-sex marriage, though he has expressed support for LGBT rights.<sup id="cite_ref-76" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-76"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>61<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-77" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-77"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>62<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> On the electoral compass devised by <a href="/wiki/Kieskompas" title="Kieskompas">Kieskompas</a> for the <a href="/wiki/2015_Israeli_legislative_election" title="2015 Israeli legislative election">2015 election</a>, Likud was categorized as "Tend to agree" with the statement "Same-sex marriage should be legalized".<sup id="cite_ref-Kieskompas_78-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Kieskompas-78"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>63<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Some Likud members, including <a href="/wiki/Fateen_Mulla" title="Fateen Mulla">Fateen Mulla</a> and <a href="/wiki/Shlomo_Karhi" title="Shlomo Karhi">Shlomo Karhi</a>, oppose same-sex marriage.<sup id="cite_ref-:13_79-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:13-79"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>64<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yesh_Atid" title="Yesh Atid">Yesh Atid</a>: The party supports same-sex marriage,<sup id="cite_ref-mako_67-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-mako-67"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>52<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and the establishment of civil marriage in Israel. Party leader <a href="/wiki/Yair_Lapid" title="Yair Lapid">Yair Lapid</a> strongly supports both. In a survey conducted by <a href="/wiki/Channel_13_(Israel)" title="Channel 13 (Israel)">Channel 13</a> ahead of the <a href="/wiki/2022_Israeli_legislative_election" title="2022 Israeli legislative election">2022 elections</a>, 16 of the 17 Yesh Atid MKs said they supported same-sex marriage, with one MK, <a href="/wiki/Elazar_Stern" title="Elazar Stern">Elazar Stern</a>, declining to comment.<sup id="cite_ref-:13_79-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:13-79"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>64<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shas" title="Shas">Shas</a>: Although the party is consistently conservative on matters of religion and state, Shas MK <a href="/wiki/Ya%27akov_Margi" title="Ya'akov Margi">Ya'akov Margi</a> told Jewish Pluralism Watch, in response to its question on LGBT rights, that "Israeli citizens' rights cannot be neglected, no matter what they think and how they behave in their personal lives".<sup id="cite_ref-Haaretz_73-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Haaretz-73"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>58<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In September 2017, Shas MK <a href="/wiki/Yigal_Guetta" title="Yigal Guetta">Yigal Guetta</a> resigned from the Knesset under pressure from rabbis after attending the marriage of his gay nephew.<sup id="cite_ref-80" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-80"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>65<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Unity_(Israel)" title="National Unity (Israel)">National Unity</a>: The political alliance supports LGBT rights. Ahead of the <a href="/wiki/September_2019_Israeli_legislative_election" title="September 2019 Israeli legislative election">September 2019 election</a>, MK Yair Lapid, as part of <a href="/wiki/Blue_and_White_(political_alliance)" title="Blue and White (political alliance)">Blue and White</a>, stated that the alliance would legalize same-sex marriage if elected to government.<sup id="cite_ref-81" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-81"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>66<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In a survey conducted by Channel 13 ahead of the 2022 elections, 7 of the 8 Blue and White MKs said they supported same-sex marriage, with one MK, <a href="/wiki/Mufid_Mari" title="Mufid Mari">Mufid Mari</a>, declining to comment.<sup id="cite_ref-:13_79-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:13-79"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>64<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_Torah_Judaism" title="United Torah Judaism">United Torah Judaism</a>: The party opposes same-sex marriage, and LGBT rights in general.<sup id="cite_ref-82" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-82"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>67<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Religious_Party%E2%80%93Religious_Zionism" title="National Religious Party–Religious Zionism">National Religious Party–Religious Zionism</a>: The party, formed by the merger of the <a href="/wiki/Religious_Zionist_Party" title="Religious Zionist Party">Religious Zionist Party</a> and <a href="/wiki/The_Jewish_Home" title="The Jewish Home">The Jewish Home</a>, is socially conservative, and opposes civil marriage and the recognition of same-sex relationships.<sup id="cite_ref-83" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-83"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>68<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-JPost_84-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-JPost-84"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>69<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> While The Jewish Home opposed same-sex marriage on religious grounds, it was in favor of extending certain rights, such as tax breaks, to same-sex couples.<sup id="cite_ref-JPost_84-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-JPost-84"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>69<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yisrael_Beiteinu" title="Yisrael Beiteinu">Yisrael Beiteinu</a>: Although the party is a supporter of civil marriage in general, it has not taken a clear position on the subject of LGBT rights.<sup id="cite_ref-JPost_84-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-JPost-84"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>69<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Haaretz_73-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Haaretz-73"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>58<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> On the electoral compass devised by Kieskompas for the 2015 election, Yisrael Beiteinu was categorized as "Tend to disagree" with the statement "Same-sex marriage should be legalized".<sup id="cite_ref-Kieskompas_78-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Kieskompas-78"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>63<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Party leader <a href="/wiki/Avigdor_Lieberman" title="Avigdor Lieberman">Avigdor Lieberman</a> expressed his support for same-sex marriage in 2022.<sup id="cite_ref-:13_79-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:13-79"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>64<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hadash%E2%80%93Ta%27al" title="Hadash–Ta'al">Hadash–Ta'al</a>: Although the alliance has no official stance on LGBT rights, leader <a href="/wiki/Ayman_Odeh" title="Ayman Odeh">Ayman Odeh</a> has expressed support for same-sex marriage.<sup id="cite_ref-mako_67-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-mako-67"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>52<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Hadash" title="Hadash">Hadash</a>, one of the parties forming the alliance, explicitly supports same-sex marriage.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Democrats_(Israel)" title="The Democrats (Israel)">The Democrats</a>: Formed by the merger of the <a href="/wiki/Israeli_Labor_Party" title="Israeli Labor Party">Israeli Labor Party</a> and <a href="/wiki/Meretz" title="Meretz">Meretz</a> in 2024, The Democrats is one of the most left-leaning parties in the Knesset. It supports same-sex marriage, with all four of its MKs being in favor.<sup id="cite_ref-:13_79-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:13-79"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>64<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 2019, the Labor Party made the legalization of same-sex marriage a condition for joining a coalition government.<sup id="cite_ref-parties_85-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-parties-85"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>70<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Tamar_Zandberg" title="Tamar Zandberg">Tamar Zandberg</a> reiterated Meretz's support ahead of the <a href="/wiki/April_2019_Israeli_legislative_election" title="April 2019 Israeli legislative election">April 2019 election</a>. The party's leader from 2019 to 2022, Nitzan Horowitz, is openly gay. In a survey conducted by Channel 13 ahead of the 2022 elections, 5 of the 6 Meretz MKs said they supported same-sex marriage, with one MK, <a href="/wiki/Ghaida_Rinawie_Zoabi" title="Ghaida Rinawie Zoabi">Ghaida Rinawie Zoabi</a>, declining to comment.<sup id="cite_ref-:13_79-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:13-79"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>64<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_Hope_(Israel)" title="New Hope (Israel)">New Hope</a>: In a survey conducted by Channel 13 ahead of the 2022 elections, 4 of the 5 New Hope MKs said they supported same-sex marriage, with one MK declining to comment.<sup id="cite_ref-:13_79-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:13-79"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>64<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_Arab_List" title="United Arab List">United Arab List</a>: The party is socially conservative, and opposes LGBT rights.</li></ul> <p>After <a href="/wiki/President_of_the_United_States" title="President of the United States">U.S. President</a> <a href="/wiki/Barack_Obama" title="Barack Obama">Barack Obama</a>'s endorsement of same-sex marriage in May 2012, <a href="/wiki/Leader_of_the_Opposition_(Israel)" title="Leader of the Opposition (Israel)">Opposition Leader</a> <a href="/wiki/Shelly_Yachimovich" title="Shelly Yachimovich">Shelly Yachimovich</a>, <a href="/wiki/Deputy_of_the_Prime_Minister_of_Israel" title="Deputy of the Prime Minister of Israel">Vice Prime Minister</a> <a href="/wiki/Moshe_Ya%27alon" title="Moshe Ya'alon">Moshe Ya'alon</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-86" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-86"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>71<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-87" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-87"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>72<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and many other ministers and parliament members of both the coalition and opposition announced that they agreed.<sup id="cite_ref-88" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-88"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>73<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-89" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-89"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>74<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/President_of_Israel" title="President of Israel">President</a> <a href="/wiki/Shimon_Peres" title="Shimon Peres">Shimon Peres</a> also expressed his support in 2013.<sup id="cite_ref-90" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-90"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>75<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In February 2013, Tel Aviv Mayor <a href="/wiki/Ron_Huldai" title="Ron Huldai">Ron Huldai</a> expressed his support for same-sex marriage. In May 2015, following <a href="/wiki/Same-sex_marriage_in_the_Republic_of_Ireland" title="Same-sex marriage in the Republic of Ireland">Ireland's legalization of same-sex marriage by popular vote</a>, Huldai reiterated his support, calling on the Knesset to act.<sup id="cite_ref-91" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-91"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>76<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Meretz and Hadash have long had LGBT divisions. In 2009, <a href="/wiki/Kadima" title="Kadima">Kadima</a> became the first major party of the <a href="/wiki/Centrism" title="Centrism">center</a> to establish an LGBT division, and Labor and Likud soon followed suit.<sup id="cite_ref-92" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-92"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>77<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-93" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-93"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>78<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-94" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-94"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>79<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Yesh Atid also has an LGBT division. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Public_opinion">Public opinion</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Recognition_of_same-sex_unions_in_Israel&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: Public opinion"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Youths%27_Views_on_Same-sex_Marriage_(2016).png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Youths%27_Views_on_Same-sex_Marriage_%282016%29.png/220px-Youths%27_Views_on_Same-sex_Marriage_%282016%29.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="99" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Youths%27_Views_on_Same-sex_Marriage_%282016%29.png/330px-Youths%27_Views_on_Same-sex_Marriage_%282016%29.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Youths%27_Views_on_Same-sex_Marriage_%282016%29.png/440px-Youths%27_Views_on_Same-sex_Marriage_%282016%29.png 2x" data-file-width="760" data-file-height="341" /></a><figcaption>Support for same-sex marriage among 18–21-year-olds according to a 2016 survey from the <a href="/wiki/Varkey_Foundation" title="Varkey Foundation">Varkey Foundation</a></figcaption></figure> <p>According to a poll conducted in August 2009, 61% of Israelis supported equal marriage rights for same-sex couples, with 31% opposed.<sup id="cite_ref-2009poll_95-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2009poll-95"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>80<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> 60% supported joint <a href="/wiki/Same-sex_adoption" title="Same-sex adoption">adoption by same-sex couples</a>, with 34% opposed.<sup id="cite_ref-2009poll_95-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2009poll-95"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>80<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> A June 2016 poll showed that 76% of respondents supported civil unions or same-sex marriage, including 46% of <a href="/wiki/Religious_Zionism" title="Religious Zionism">Religious Zionists</a> and 16% of <a href="/wiki/Haredi_Judaism" title="Haredi Judaism">Haredi Jews</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-96" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-96"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>81<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> A September–October 2016 survey by the <a href="/wiki/Varkey_Foundation" title="Varkey Foundation">Varkey Foundation</a> found that 50% of 18–21-year-olds supported same-sex marriage in Israel.<sup id="cite_ref-97" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-97"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>82<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>A Rafi Smith Institute poll conducted in June 2017 asked <a href="/wiki/Israelis" title="Israelis">Israelis</a>, "Do you think same-sex couples should be permitted to marry or have civil unions in Israel?" 79% expressed support for either same-sex marriage or civil unions. When divided by political affiliation, 100% of <a href="/wiki/Meretz" title="Meretz">Meretz</a> and <a href="/wiki/Zionist_Union" title="Zionist Union">Zionist Union</a> (<a href="/wiki/Israeli_Labor_Party" title="Israeli Labor Party">Labor</a> and <a href="/wiki/Hatnuah" class="mw-redirect" title="Hatnuah">Hatnuah</a>) voters were in favour of recognizing same-sex unions, as well as 94% of <a href="/wiki/Yesh_Atid" title="Yesh Atid">Yesh Atid</a> voters, 90% of <a href="/wiki/Kulanu" title="Kulanu">Kulanu</a> voters, 84% of <a href="/wiki/Likud" title="Likud">Likud</a> voters, 83% of <a href="/wiki/Yisrael_Beiteinu" title="Yisrael Beiteinu">Yisrael Beiteinu</a> voters, and 65% of <a href="/wiki/The_Jewish_Home" title="The Jewish Home">The Jewish Home</a> voters. A majority of <a href="/wiki/Shas" title="Shas">Shas</a> and <a href="/wiki/United_Torah_Judaism" title="United Torah Judaism">United Torah Judaism</a> voters were against recognizing same-sex unions. The margin of error was 4.5%.<sup id="cite_ref-98" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-98"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>83<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-99" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-99"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>84<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-100" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-100"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>85<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>A June 2018 survey found that 58% of Israelis were in favour of same-sex marriage. Additionally, 59 Knesset members (MKs) responded to the survey. Of these, 47 expressed support for same-sex marriage, while the remaining 12 expressed opposition. When divided by political parties, all Meretz and Labor lawmakers responded and answered "yes" when asked if they supported same-sex marriage. 4 Likud lawmakers expressed support, while 2 said they were opposed; the remaining did not answer. Kulanu had two supportive MKs, with the rest not responding. The Jewish Home, Shas, and United Torah Judaism together had 5 opposed MKs, and none in favour. The <a href="/wiki/Joint_List" title="Joint List">Joint List</a> had two in support, five in opposition, and six who did not answer. No Yisrael Beiteinu lawmaker responded to the survey.<sup id="cite_ref-poll_58-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-poll-58"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>43<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> LGBT activists subsequently urged the Knesset to act on the issue and legalize same-sex marriage, as "there is broad public support". </p><p>An opinion poll conducted by <a href="/wiki/Hiddush_(organization)" title="Hiddush (organization)">Hiddush</a> and published in June 2019 showed that 78% of Israelis supported same-sex marriage or partnerships. Asked, "In your opinion, should couples of the same sex be allowed to marry or register as partners in Israel?", 78% answered positively, whereas 22% objected to the idea. Broken down by level of religiosity, 93% of <a href="/wiki/Hiloni" title="Hiloni">secular Jews</a> and 54% of religious Jews expressed support. When asked, "Assuming that same-sex marriages or partnerships are instituted in Israel, do you think that such couples should enjoy all the rights of a married couple consisting of a man and a woman?", 73% were in support, 9% believed only some rights should be granted, while 19% were opposed to any rights. The poll had a margin of error of 4.5%.<sup id="cite_ref-poll1_22-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-poll1-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>A <a href="/wiki/Pew_Research_Center" title="Pew Research Center">Pew Research Center</a> poll conducted between February and May 2023 showed that 36% of Israelis supported same-sex marriage, 56% were opposed and 8% did not know or had refused to answer. When divided by political affiliation, support was highest among those on the left of the political spectrum at 60%, followed by those at the center at 57% and those on the right at 21%. 41% of Jewish respondents supported same-sex marriage, compared to 8% of Muslim respondents. Support was highest among secular Jews at around 75%, but decreased significantly to 29% support among <a href="/wiki/Masortim" title="Masortim">Masorti</a> Jews and 4% support among Haredi and Dati Jews.<sup id="cite_ref-101" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-101"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>86<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>A May 2023 poll by <a href="/wiki/Channel_13_(Israel)" title="Channel 13 (Israel)">Channel 13</a> found that 61% of Israelis supported equal rights for LGBT people. In addition, 52% of respondents supported same-sex marriage, while 36% were opposed.<sup id="cite_ref-pollchannel13_21-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-pollchannel13-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Recognition_of_same-sex_unions_in_Israel&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1259569809">.mw-parser-output .portalbox{padding:0;margin:0.5em 0;display:table;box-sizing:border-box;max-width:175px;list-style:none}.mw-parser-output .portalborder{border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#a2a9b1);padding:0.1em;background:var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa)}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-entry{display:table-row;font-size:85%;line-height:110%;height:1.9em;font-style:italic;font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-image{display:table-cell;padding:0.2em;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-link{display:table-cell;padding:0.2em 0.2em 0.2em 0.3em;vertical-align:middle}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .portalleft{clear:left;float:left;margin:0.5em 1em 0.5em 0}.mw-parser-output .portalright{clear:right;float:right;margin:0.5em 0 0.5em 1em}}</style><ul role="navigation" aria-label="Portals" class="noprint portalbox portalborder portalright"> <li class="portalbox-entry"><span class="portalbox-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0e/Nuvola_LGBT_flag.svg/28px-Nuvola_LGBT_flag.svg.png" decoding="async" width="28" height="28" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0e/Nuvola_LGBT_flag.svg/42px-Nuvola_LGBT_flag.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0e/Nuvola_LGBT_flag.svg/56px-Nuvola_LGBT_flag.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="512" /></span></span></span><span class="portalbox-link"><a href="/wiki/Portal:LGBTQ" title="Portal:LGBTQ">LGBTQ portal</a></span></li></ul> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1259569809"><ul role="navigation" aria-label="Portals" class="noprint portalbox portalborder portalright"> <li class="portalbox-entry"><span class="portalbox-image"><span class="mw-image-border noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="flag" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d4/Flag_of_Israel.svg/32px-Flag_of_Israel.svg.png" decoding="async" width="32" height="23" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d4/Flag_of_Israel.svg/48px-Flag_of_Israel.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d4/Flag_of_Israel.svg/64px-Flag_of_Israel.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1100" data-file-height="800" /></span></span></span><span class="portalbox-link"><a href="/wiki/Portal:Israel" title="Portal:Israel">Israel portal</a></span></li></ul> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/LGBT_rights_in_Israel" class="mw-redirect" title="LGBT rights in Israel">LGBT rights in Israel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Recognition_of_same-sex_unions_in_Asia" title="Recognition of same-sex unions in Asia">Recognition of same-sex unions in Asia</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Notes">Notes</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Recognition_of_same-sex_unions_in_Israel&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: Notes"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239543626"><div class="reflist reflist-lower-alpha"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-47"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-47">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/wiki/Hebrew_language" title="Hebrew language">Hebrew</a>: <span lang="he" dir="rtl">חוק ברית הזוגיות לחסרי דת, תש״ע-2010</span>, <span title="Hebrew-language romanization"><i lang="he-Latn">khok brit hazugiyut lechasrei dat, tesha'-2010</i></span>;<sup id="cite_ref-46" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-46"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Arabic_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Arabic language">Arabic</a>: <span lang="ar" dir="rtl">قانون الاتحاد المدني للمواطنين عديمي الانتماء الديني، 2010</span>, <span title="Arabic-language romanization"><i lang="ar-Latn">qānūn al-ittiḥād al-madanī lil-muwāṭinīn ʿadīmī al-intimāʾ al-dīnī, 2010</i></span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Recognition_of_same-sex_unions_in_Israel&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239543626"><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-15">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">10 July</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+Times+of+Israel&rft.atitle=Meretz+says+coalition+deal+includes+push+for+LGBT+rights%3B+Ra%27am+vows+to+oppose&rft.date=2021-06-03&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.timesofisrael.com%2Fmeretz-says-coalition-deal-includes-push-for-lgbt-rights-raam-vows-to-oppose%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARecognition+of+same-sex+unions+in+Israel" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-71"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-71">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGrittenKnell2022" class="citation web cs1">Gritten, David; Knell, Yolande (29 December 2022). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bbc.com/news/world-middle-east-64115141.amp">"Netanyahu's hard-line new government takes office in Israel"</a>. <i>BBC News</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=BBC+News&rft.atitle=Netanyahu%27s+hard-line+new+government+takes+office+in+Israel&rft.date=2022-12-29&rft.aulast=Gritten&rft.aufirst=David&rft.au=Knell%2C+Yolande&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.bbc.com%2Fnews%2Fworld-middle-east-64115141.amp&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARecognition+of+same-sex+unions+in+Israel" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-72"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-72">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLior2013" class="citation news cs1">Lior, Ilan (6 June 2013). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.haaretz.com/news/national/.premium-1.528148">"Likud minister to speak for first time at Tel Aviv Gay Pride Parade"</a>. <i>Haaretz</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150204222957/http://www.haaretz.com/news/national/.premium-1.528148">Archived</a> from the original on 4 February 2015<span class="reference-accessdate">. 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Kieskompas. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150725110119/http://www.israel.electioncompass.org/">Archived</a> from the original on 25 July 2015<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">14 March</span> 2015</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=The+2015+Israeli+Election+Compass&rft.pub=Kieskompas&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.israel.electioncompass.org%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARecognition+of+same-sex+unions+in+Israel" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:13-79"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:13_79-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:13_79-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:13_79-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:13_79-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:13_79-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:13_79-5"><sup><i><b>f</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:13_79-6"><sup><i><b>g</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220614023228/https://m.jpost.com/israel-news/politics-and-diplomacy/article-709331/amp">"Israel's MKs surveyed on gay marriage"</a>. <i>The Jerusalem Post</i>. 14 June 2022. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">4 January</span> 2018</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Haaretz&rft.atitle=Rabbis+Force+ultra-Orthodox+Israeli+Lawmaker+to+Resign+After+Attending+Gay+Nephew%27s+Wedding&rft.date=2017-09-14&rft.aulast=Rabinowitz&rft.aufirst=Aaron&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.haaretz.com%2Fisrael-news%2F1.812068&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARecognition+of+same-sex+unions+in+Israel" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-81"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-81">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLiebman2019" class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Liebman, Carmel (8 September 2019). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.mako.co.il/news-israel-elections/elections_2019-q3_2019/Article-d09189395801d61027.htm">"פרסום ראשון: כך נראה קמפיין הלהט"ב לעידוד הצבעה"</a> [First publication: This is what the LGBT campaign looks like to encourage voting]. <i>mako.co.il</i> (in Hebrew). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190921103709/https://www.mako.co.il/news-israel-elections/elections_2019-q3_2019/Article-d09189395801d61027.htm">Archived</a> from the original on 21 September 2019<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">21 September</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=mako.co.il&rft.atitle=%D7%A4%D7%A8%D7%A1%D7%95%D7%9D+%D7%A8%D7%90%D7%A9%D7%95%D7%9F%3A+%D7%9B%D7%9A+%D7%A0%D7%A8%D7%90%D7%94+%D7%A7%D7%9E%D7%A4%D7%99%D7%99%D7%9F+%D7%94%D7%9C%D7%94%D7%98%22%D7%91+%D7%9C%D7%A2%D7%99%D7%93%D7%95%D7%93+%D7%94%D7%A6%D7%91%D7%A2%D7%94&rft.date=2019-09-08&rft.aulast=Liebman&rft.aufirst=Carmel&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.mako.co.il%2Fnews-israel-elections%2Felections_2019-q3_2019%2FArticle-d09189395801d61027.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARecognition+of+same-sex+unions+in+Israel" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-82"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-82">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://forward.com/news/breaking-news/334620/israel-touts-gay-friendly-climate-but-religious-leaders-block-progress/">"Israel Touts Gay Friendly Climate — but Religious Leaders Block Progress"</a>. <i>The Forward</i>. 1 March 2016. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190330170316/https://forward.com/news/breaking-news/334620/israel-touts-gay-friendly-climate-but-religious-leaders-block-progress/">Archived</a> from the original on 30 March 2019<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">4 January</span> 2018</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+Forward&rft.atitle=Israel+Touts+Gay+Friendly+Climate+%E2%80%94+but+Religious+Leaders+Block+Progress&rft.date=2016-03-01&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fforward.com%2Fnews%2Fbreaking-news%2F334620%2Fisrael-touts-gay-friendly-climate-but-religious-leaders-block-progress%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARecognition+of+same-sex+unions+in+Israel" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-83"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-83">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jpost.com/israel-elections/israel-elections-what-are-the-parties-policies-on-religious-issues-661741">"Israel Elections: What are the parties' policies on religious issues?"</a>. <i>The Jerusalem Post</i>. 11 March 2021. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210710123059/https://www.jpost.com/israel-elections/israel-elections-what-are-the-parties-policies-on-religious-issues-661741">Archived</a> from the original on 10 July 2021<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">10 July</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+Jerusalem+Post&rft.atitle=Israel+Elections%3A+What+are+the+parties%27+policies+on+religious+issues%3F&rft.date=2021-03-11&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jpost.com%2Fisrael-elections%2Fisrael-elections-what-are-the-parties-policies-on-religious-issues-661741&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARecognition+of+same-sex+unions+in+Israel" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-JPost-84"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-JPost_84-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-JPost_84-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-JPost_84-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHarkov2015" class="citation news cs1">Harkov, Lahav (8 January 2015). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.jpost.com/Israel-News/Politics-And-Diplomacy/Bennett-No-secret-Bayit-Yehudi-opposes-gay-marriage-387166">"Bennett: No secret Bayit Yehudi opposes gay marriage"</a>. <i>The Jerusalem Post</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20171027052725/http://www.jpost.com/Israel-News/Politics-And-Diplomacy/Bennett-No-secret-Bayit-Yehudi-opposes-gay-marriage-387166">Archived</a> from the original on 27 October 2017<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">20 January</span> 2015</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Jerusalem+Post&rft.atitle=Bennett%3A+No+secret+Bayit+Yehudi+opposes+gay+marriage&rft.date=2015-01-08&rft.aulast=Harkov&rft.aufirst=Lahav&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.jpost.com%2FIsrael-News%2FPolitics-And-Diplomacy%2FBennett-No-secret-Bayit-Yehudi-opposes-gay-marriage-387166&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARecognition+of+same-sex+unions+in+Israel" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-parties-85"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-parties_85-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGottleib2019" class="citation web cs1">Gottleib, Yehonatan (3 September 2019). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.israelnationalnews.com/News/News.aspx/268335">"Where do Israeli parties stand on gay marriage?"</a>. <i>Arutz Sheva</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190921103710/http://www.israelnationalnews.com/News/News.aspx/268335">Archived</a> from the original on 21 September 2019<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">21 September</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Arutz+Sheva&rft.atitle=Where+do+Israeli+parties+stand+on+gay+marriage%3F&rft.date=2019-09-03&rft.aulast=Gottleib&rft.aufirst=Yehonatan&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.israelnationalnews.com%2FNews%2FNews.aspx%2F268335&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARecognition+of+same-sex+unions+in+Israel" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-86"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-86">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.globes.co.il/news/article.aspx?did=1000748553">"השר בוגי יעלון: "יש לאפשר נישואים חד-מיניים בישראל"<span class="cs1-kern-right"></span>"</a> [Minister Ya'alon: "Same-Sex Marriage should be allowed in Israel"]. <i>Globes</i> (in Hebrew). 14 May 2012. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130907100114/https://www.globes.co.il/news/article.aspx?did=1000748553">Archived</a> from the original on 7 September 2013<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">13 June</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Globes&rft.atitle=%D7%94%D7%A9%D7%A8+%D7%91%D7%95%D7%92%D7%99+%D7%99%D7%A2%D7%9C%D7%95%D7%9F%3A+%22%D7%99%D7%A9+%D7%9C%D7%90%D7%A4%D7%A9%D7%A8+%D7%A0%D7%99%D7%A9%D7%95%D7%90%D7%99%D7%9D+%D7%97%D7%93-%D7%9E%D7%99%D7%A0%D7%99%D7%99%D7%9D+%D7%91%D7%99%D7%A9%D7%A8%D7%90%D7%9C%22&rft.date=2012-05-14&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.globes.co.il%2Fnews%2Farticle.aspx%3Fdid%3D1000748553&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARecognition+of+same-sex+unions+in+Israel" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-87"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-87">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.jpost.com/DiplomacyAndPolitics/Article.aspx?id=269843">"Ya'alon supports recognition of same-sex marriage"</a>. <i>The Jerusalem Post</i>. 14 May 2012. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20121022145424/http://www.jpost.com/DiplomacyAndPolitics/Article.aspx?id=269843">Archived</a> from the original on 22 October 2012<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">13 June</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+Jerusalem+Post&rft.atitle=Ya%27alon+supports+recognition+of+same-sex+marriage&rft.date=2012-05-14&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.jpost.com%2FDiplomacyAndPolitics%2FArticle.aspx%3Fid%3D269843&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARecognition+of+same-sex+unions+in+Israel" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-88"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-88">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBar-ZoharLior2012" class="citation news cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Bar-Zohar, Ofir; Lior, Ilan (10 May 2012). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180808043309/https://www.haaretz.co.il/news/politi/1.1704878">"הקהילה הגאה בישראל מברכת על דברי אובמה, רוב הפוליטיקאים לא מגיבים"</a> [Israeli Gay community congratulates Obama on his announcement]. <i>Haaretz</i> (in Hebrew). Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.haaretz.co.il/news/politi/2012-05-10/ty-article/0000017f-e584-d97e-a37f-f7e5b5350000">the original</a> on 8 August 2018<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">13 June</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Haaretz&rft.atitle=%D7%94%D7%A7%D7%94%D7%99%D7%9C%D7%94+%D7%94%D7%92%D7%90%D7%94+%D7%91%D7%99%D7%A9%D7%A8%D7%90%D7%9C+%D7%9E%D7%91%D7%A8%D7%9B%D7%AA+%D7%A2%D7%9C+%D7%93%D7%91%D7%A8%D7%99+%D7%90%D7%95%D7%91%D7%9E%D7%94%2C+%D7%A8%D7%95%D7%91+%D7%94%D7%A4%D7%95%D7%9C%D7%99%D7%98%D7%99%D7%A7%D7%90%D7%99%D7%9D+%D7%9C%D7%90+%D7%9E%D7%92%D7%99%D7%91%D7%99%D7%9D&rft.date=2012-05-10&rft.aulast=Bar-Zohar&rft.aufirst=Ofir&rft.au=Lior%2C+Ilan&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.haaretz.co.il%2Fnews%2Fpoliti%2F2012-05-10%2Fty-article%2F0000017f-e584-d97e-a37f-f7e5b5350000&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARecognition+of+same-sex+unions+in+Israel" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-89"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-89">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLisBar-ZoharLior2012" class="citation news cs1">Lis, Jonathan; Bar-Zohar, Ophir; Lior, Ilan (11 May 2012). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.haaretz.com/2012-05-11/ty-article/obama-remarks-spark-gay-marriage-debate-among-israeli-mks-ministers/0000017f-ef42-da6f-a77f-ff4e83b30000">"Obama gay marriage remarks spark debate among Israeli MKs, ministers"</a>. <i>Haaretz</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150924225334/http://www.haaretz.com/print-edition/news/obama-gay-marriage-remarks-spark-debate-among-israeli-mks-ministers-1.429577">Archived</a> from the original on 24 September 2015<span class="reference-accessdate">. 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Guadalajara. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180808014454/https://www.ynet.co.il/articles/0,7340,L-4459748,00.html">Archived</a> from the original on 8 August 2018<span class="reference-accessdate">. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">20 January</span> 2015</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Jerusalem+Post&rft.atitle=Feiglin+to+meet+with+gay+activists&rft.date=2014-12-22&rft.aulast=Hoffman&rft.aufirst=Gil&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.jpost.com%2FIsrael-Elections%2FFeiglin-to-meet-with-gay-activists-385412&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARecognition+of+same-sex+unions+in+Israel" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2009poll-95"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-2009poll_95-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-2009poll_95-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110609042153/http://www.angus-reid.com/polls/36810/three_in_five_israelis_back_same_sex_marriage/">"Three-in-Five Israelis Back Same-Sex Marriage"</a>. <i>Angus Reid Public Opinion</i>. 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I. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.timesofisrael.com/poll-79-of-israelis-back-gay-marriage-or-civil-unions/">"79% of Israelis back gay marriage or civil unions"</a>. <i>www.timesofisrael.com</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170618022920/http://www.timesofisrael.com/poll-79-of-israelis-back-gay-marriage-or-civil-unions/">Archived</a> from the original on 18 June 2017<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">15 June</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.timesofisrael.com&rft.atitle=79%25+of+Israelis+back+gay+marriage+or+civil+unions&rft.aulast=staff&rft.aufirst=T.+O.+I.&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.timesofisrael.com%2Fpoll-79-of-israelis-back-gay-marriage-or-civil-unions%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARecognition+of+same-sex+unions+in+Israel" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-100"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-100">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jpost.com/israel-news/wide-support-for-gay-marriage-as-israel-celebrates-pride-496348">"Wide support for gay marriage as Israel celebrates Pride"</a>. <i>The Jerusalem Post | JPost.com</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180501065412/https://www.jpost.com/Israel-News/Wide-support-for-gay-marriage-as-Israel-celebrates-Pride-496348">Archived</a> from the original on 1 May 2018<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">1 June</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+Jerusalem+Post+%26%23124%3B+JPost.com&rft.atitle=Wide+support+for+gay+marriage+as+Israel+celebrates+Pride&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jpost.com%2Fisrael-news%2Fwide-support-for-gay-marriage-as-israel-celebrates-pride-496348&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARecognition+of+same-sex+unions+in+Israel" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-101"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-101">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.pewresearch.org/short-reads/2023/06/13/how-people-in-24-countries-view-same-sex-marriage/">"How people in 24 countries view same-sex marriage"</a>. <i>Pew Research Center</i>. 13 June 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.navbox-subgroup .navbox-abovebelow{background-color:#e6e6ff}.mw-parser-output .navbox-even{background-color:#f7f7f7}.mw-parser-output .navbox-odd{background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ul,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ul{padding:0.125em 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbar{display:block;font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title .navbar{float:left;text-align:left;margin-right:0.5em}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .navbox-image img{max-width:none!important}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .navbox{display:none!important}}</style></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="LGBT_in_Israel" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:LGBT_in_Israel" title="Template:LGBT in Israel"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:LGBT_in_Israel" title="Template talk:LGBT in Israel"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:LGBT_in_Israel" title="Special:EditPage/Template:LGBT in Israel"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="LGBT_in_Israel" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">LGBT in Israel</div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/LGBT_history_in_Israel" class="mw-redirect" title="LGBT history in Israel">History</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Tel_Aviv_gay_centre_shooting" title="Tel Aviv gay centre shooting">2009 Tel Aviv gay centre shooting</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yishai_Schlissel#Crimes_and_convictions" title="Yishai Schlissel">2015 Jerusalem gay pride parade murder</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2018_Israeli_LGBT_strike" title="2018 Israeli LGBT strike">2018 Israeli LGBT strike</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/LGBT_rights_in_Israel" class="mw-redirect" title="LGBT rights in Israel">Rights</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Same-sex unions</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Unregistered_cohabitation_in_Israel" title="Unregistered cohabitation in Israel">unregistered cohabitation</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sexual_orientation_and_gender_identity_in_the_Israeli_military" title="Sexual orientation and gender identity in the Israeli military">Military service</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Culture</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Tel_Aviv_Pride" title="Tel Aviv Pride">Tel Aviv Pride</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/TLVFest" title="TLVFest">TLVFest</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lethal_Lesbian" title="Lethal Lesbian">Lethal Lesbian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tel_Aviv_Municipal_LGBT_Community_Center" class="mw-redirect" title="Tel Aviv Municipal LGBT Community Center">Tel Aviv Municipal LGBT Community Center</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jerusalem_gay_pride_parade" title="Jerusalem gay pride parade">Jerusalem gay pride parade</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eilat_Pride" title="Eilat Pride">Eilat Pride</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Haifa_Pride" title="Haifa Pride">Haifa Pride</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Organizations</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bat_Kol_(organization)" title="Bat Kol (organization)">Bat Kol</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Havruta_(organization)" title="Havruta (organization)">Havruta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hod_(organization)" title="Hod (organization)">Hod</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hoshen_(organization)" title="Hoshen (organization)">Hoshen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Aguda_%E2%80%93_Israel%27s_LGBT_Task_Force" class="mw-redirect" title="The Aguda – Israel's LGBT Task Force">The Aguda – Israel's LGBT Task Force</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jerusalem_Open_House" title="Jerusalem Open House">Jerusalem Open House</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Pride_House_in_Beersheba" title="The Pride House in Beersheba">The Pride House in Beersheba</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shoval_(organization)" title="Shoval (organization)">Shoval</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tehila_(organization)" title="Tehila (organization)">Tehila</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Category"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/16px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/23px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/31px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /></span></span> <b><a href="/wiki/Category:LGBTQ_in_Israel" title="Category:LGBTQ in Israel">Category</a></b></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Recognition_of_same-sex_unions_in_Asia" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Asia_topic" title="Template:Asia topic"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Asia_topic" title="Template talk:Asia topic"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Asia_topic" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Asia topic"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Recognition_of_same-sex_unions_in_Asia" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Recognition_of_same-sex_unions_in_Asia" title="Recognition of same-sex unions in Asia">Recognition of same-sex unions in Asia </a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/List_of_sovereign_states" title="List of sovereign states">Sovereign states</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Recognition_of_same-sex_unions_in_Afghanistan&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Recognition of same-sex unions in Afghanistan (page does not exist)">Afghanistan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Recognition_of_same-sex_unions_in_Armenia" title="Recognition of same-sex unions in Armenia">Armenia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Recognition_of_same-sex_unions_in_Azerbaijan" class="mw-redirect" title="Recognition of same-sex unions in Azerbaijan">Azerbaijan</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Recognition_of_same-sex_unions_in_Bahrain&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Recognition of same-sex unions in Bahrain (page does not exist)">Bahrain</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Recognition_of_same-sex_unions_in_Bangladesh&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Recognition of same-sex unions in Bangladesh (page does not exist)">Bangladesh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Recognition_of_same-sex_unions_in_Bhutan" title="Recognition of same-sex unions in Bhutan">Bhutan</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Recognition_of_same-sex_unions_in_Brunei&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Recognition of same-sex unions in Brunei (page does not exist)">Brunei</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Recognition_of_same-sex_unions_in_Cambodia" title="Recognition of same-sex unions in Cambodia">Cambodia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Recognition_of_same-sex_unions_in_China" title="Recognition of same-sex unions in China">China</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Recognition_of_same-sex_unions_in_Cyprus" title="Recognition of same-sex unions in Cyprus">Cyprus</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Recognition_of_same-sex_unions_in_East_Timor&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Recognition of same-sex unions in East Timor (page does not exist)">East Timor (Timor-Leste)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Recognition_of_same-sex_unions_in_Egypt" title="Recognition of same-sex unions in Egypt">Egypt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Recognition_of_same-sex_unions_in_Georgia_(country)" class="mw-redirect" title="Recognition of same-sex unions in Georgia (country)">Georgia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Recognition_of_same-sex_unions_in_India" title="Recognition of same-sex unions in India">India</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Recognition_of_same-sex_unions_in_Indonesia" title="Recognition of same-sex unions in Indonesia">Indonesia</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Recognition_of_same-sex_unions_in_Iran&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Recognition of same-sex unions in Iran (page does not exist)">Iran</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Recognition_of_same-sex_unions_in_Iraq&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Recognition of same-sex unions in Iraq (page does not exist)">Iraq</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Israel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Recognition_of_same-sex_unions_in_Japan" title="Recognition of same-sex unions in Japan">Japan</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Recognition_of_same-sex_unions_in_Jordan&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Recognition of same-sex unions in Jordan (page does not exist)">Jordan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Recognition_of_same-sex_unions_in_Kazakhstan" class="mw-redirect" title="Recognition of same-sex unions in Kazakhstan">Kazakhstan</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Recognition_of_same-sex_unions_in_North_Korea&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Recognition of same-sex unions in North Korea (page does not exist)">North Korea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Recognition_of_same-sex_unions_in_South_Korea" title="Recognition of same-sex unions in South Korea">South Korea</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Recognition_of_same-sex_unions_in_Kuwait&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Recognition of same-sex unions in Kuwait (page does not exist)">Kuwait</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Recognition_of_same-sex_unions_in_Kyrgyzstan&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Recognition of same-sex unions in Kyrgyzstan (page does not exist)">Kyrgyzstan</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Recognition_of_same-sex_unions_in_Laos&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Recognition of same-sex unions in Laos (page does not exist)">Laos</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Recognition_of_same-sex_unions_in_Lebanon&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Recognition of same-sex unions in Lebanon (page does not exist)">Lebanon</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Recognition_of_same-sex_unions_in_Malaysia&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Recognition of same-sex unions in Malaysia (page does not exist)">Malaysia</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Recognition_of_same-sex_unions_in_the_Maldives&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Recognition of same-sex unions in the Maldives (page does not exist)">Maldives</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Recognition_of_same-sex_unions_in_Mongolia&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Recognition of same-sex unions in Mongolia (page does not exist)">Mongolia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Recognition_of_same-sex_unions_in_Myanmar" title="Recognition of same-sex unions in Myanmar">Myanmar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Recognition_of_same-sex_unions_in_Nepal" class="mw-redirect" title="Recognition of same-sex unions in Nepal">Nepal</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Recognition_of_same-sex_unions_in_Oman&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Recognition of same-sex unions in Oman (page does not exist)">Oman</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Recognition_of_same-sex_unions_in_Pakistan&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Recognition of same-sex unions in Pakistan (page does not exist)">Pakistan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Recognition_of_same-sex_unions_in_the_Philippines" title="Recognition of same-sex unions in the Philippines">Philippines</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Recognition_of_same-sex_unions_in_Qatar&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Recognition of same-sex unions in Qatar (page does not exist)">Qatar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Recognition_of_same-sex_unions_in_Russia" title="Recognition of same-sex unions in Russia">Russia</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Recognition_of_same-sex_unions_in_Saudi_Arabia&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Recognition of same-sex unions in Saudi Arabia (page does not exist)">Saudi Arabia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Recognition_of_same-sex_unions_in_Singapore" title="Recognition of same-sex unions in Singapore">Singapore</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Recognition_of_same-sex_unions_in_Sri_Lanka&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Recognition of same-sex unions in Sri Lanka (page does not exist)">Sri Lanka</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Recognition_of_same-sex_unions_in_Syria&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Recognition of same-sex unions in Syria (page does not exist)">Syria</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Recognition_of_same-sex_unions_in_Tajikistan&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Recognition of same-sex unions in Tajikistan (page does not exist)">Tajikistan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Recognition_of_same-sex_unions_in_Thailand" class="mw-redirect" title="Recognition of same-sex unions in Thailand">Thailand</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Recognition_of_same-sex_unions_in_Turkey" class="mw-redirect" title="Recognition of same-sex unions in Turkey">Turkey</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Recognition_of_same-sex_unions_in_Turkmenistan&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Recognition of same-sex unions in Turkmenistan (page does not exist)">Turkmenistan</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Recognition_of_same-sex_unions_in_the_United_Arab_Emirates&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Recognition of same-sex unions in the United Arab Emirates (page does not exist)">United Arab Emirates</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Recognition_of_same-sex_unions_in_Uzbekistan&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Recognition of same-sex unions in Uzbekistan (page does not exist)">Uzbekistan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Recognition_of_same-sex_unions_in_Vietnam" title="Recognition of same-sex unions in Vietnam">Vietnam</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Recognition_of_same-sex_unions_in_Yemen&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Recognition of same-sex unions in Yemen (page does not exist)">Yemen</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/List_of_states_with_limited_recognition" title="List of states with limited recognition">States with<br />limited recognition</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Recognition_of_same-sex_unions_in_Abkhazia&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Recognition of same-sex unions in Abkhazia (page does not exist)">Abkhazia</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Recognition_of_same-sex_unions_in_Northern_Cyprus&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Recognition of same-sex unions in Northern Cyprus (page does not exist)">Northern Cyprus</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Recognition_of_same-sex_unions_in_the_State_of_Palestine&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Recognition of same-sex unions in the State of Palestine (page does not exist)">Palestine</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Recognition_of_same-sex_unions_in_South_Ossetia&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Recognition of same-sex unions in South Ossetia (page does not exist)">South Ossetia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Recognition_of_same-sex_unions_in_Taiwan" class="mw-redirect" title="Recognition of same-sex unions in Taiwan">Taiwan</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Dependent_territory" title="Dependent territory">Dependencies</a> and<br />other territories</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Recognition_of_same-sex_unions_in_the_British_Indian_Ocean_Territory" class="mw-redirect" title="Recognition of same-sex unions in the British Indian Ocean Territory">British Indian Ocean Territory</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Recognition_of_same-sex_unions_in_Christmas_Island" class="mw-redirect" title="Recognition of same-sex unions in Christmas Island">Christmas Island</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Recognition_of_same-sex_unions_in_the_Cocos_(Keeling)_Islands" class="mw-redirect" title="Recognition of same-sex unions in the Cocos (Keeling) Islands">Cocos (Keeling) Islands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Recognition_of_same-sex_unions_in_Hong_Kong" title="Recognition of same-sex unions in Hong Kong">Hong Kong</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Recognition_of_same-sex_unions_in_Macau&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Recognition of same-sex unions in Macau (page does not exist)">Macau</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow hlist" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Category"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/16px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/23px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/31px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Category:Asia" title="Category:Asia">Category</a></li> <li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Symbol_portal_class.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Portal"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/e/e2/Symbol_portal_class.svg/16px-Symbol_portal_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/e/e2/Symbol_portal_class.svg/23px-Symbol_portal_class.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/e/e2/Symbol_portal_class.svg/31px-Symbol_portal_class.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/Portal:Asia" title="Portal:Asia">Asia portal</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Status_of_same-sex_unions_around_the_world" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="3"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Status_of_same-sex_unions" title="Template:Status of same-sex unions"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Status_of_same-sex_unions" title="Template talk:Status of same-sex unions"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Status_of_same-sex_unions" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Status of same-sex unions"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Status_of_same-sex_unions_around_the_world" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Status of <a href="/wiki/Same-sex_union" class="mw-redirect" title="Same-sex union">same-sex unions</a> around the world</div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Recognition_of_same-sex_unions_in_Africa" title="Recognition of same-sex unions in Africa">Africa</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Recognition_of_same-sex_unions_in_Angola" title="Recognition of same-sex unions in Angola">Angola</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Recognition_of_same-sex_unions_in_Botswana" title="Recognition of same-sex unions in Botswana">Botswana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Recognition_of_same-sex_unions_in_Egypt" title="Recognition of same-sex unions in Egypt">Egypt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Recognition_of_same-sex_unions_in_Eswatini" title="Recognition of same-sex unions in Eswatini">Eswatini</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Recognition_of_same-sex_unions_in_Kenya" title="Recognition of same-sex unions in Kenya">Kenya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Recognition_of_same-sex_unions_in_Lesotho" title="Recognition of same-sex unions in Lesotho">Lesotho</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Recognition_of_same-sex_unions_in_Mauritius" title="Recognition of same-sex unions in Mauritius">Mauritius</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Recognition_of_same-sex_unions_in_Mozambique" title="Recognition of same-sex unions in Mozambique">Mozambique</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Recognition_of_same-sex_unions_in_Namibia" title="Recognition of same-sex unions in Namibia">Namibia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Recognition_of_same-sex_unions_in_Nigeria" title="Recognition of same-sex unions in Nigeria">Nigeria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Recognition_of_same-sex_unions_in_Seychelles" title="Recognition of same-sex unions in Seychelles">Seychelles</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Same-sex_marriage_in_South_Africa" title="Same-sex marriage in South Africa">South Africa</a></li> <li>United Kingdom <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Same-sex_marriage_in_Saint_Helena,_Ascension_and_Tristan_da_Cunha" title="Same-sex marriage in Saint Helena, Ascension and Tristan da Cunha">Saint Helena, Ascension and Tristan da Cunha</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Recognition_of_same-sex_unions_in_Zimbabwe" title="Recognition of same-sex unions in Zimbabwe">Zimbabwe</a></li></ul> </div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="6" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Gay_Pride_Flag.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/48/Gay_Pride_Flag.svg/100px-Gay_Pride_Flag.svg.png" decoding="async" width="100" height="62" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/48/Gay_Pride_Flag.svg/150px-Gay_Pride_Flag.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/48/Gay_Pride_Flag.svg/200px-Gay_Pride_Flag.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="316" /></a></span></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Recognition_of_same-sex_unions_in_the_Americas" title="Recognition of same-sex unions in the Americas">Americas</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Same-sex_marriage_in_Argentina" title="Same-sex marriage in Argentina">Argentina</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Recognition_of_same-sex_unions_in_Barbados" title="Recognition of same-sex unions in Barbados">Barbados</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Recognition_of_same-sex_unions_in_Bolivia" title="Recognition of same-sex unions in Bolivia">Bolivia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Same-sex_marriage_in_Brazil" title="Same-sex marriage in Brazil">Brazil</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Same-sex_marriage_in_Canada" title="Same-sex marriage in Canada">Canada</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Same-sex_marriage_in_Chile" title="Same-sex marriage in Chile">Chile</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Same-sex_marriage_in_Colombia" title="Same-sex marriage in Colombia">Colombia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Same-sex_marriage_in_Costa_Rica" title="Same-sex marriage in Costa Rica">Costa Rica</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Same-sex_marriage_in_Cuba" title="Same-sex marriage in Cuba">Cuba</a></li> <li>Denmark <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Same-sex_marriage_in_Greenland" title="Same-sex marriage in Greenland">Greenland</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Same-sex_marriage_in_Ecuador" title="Same-sex marriage in Ecuador">Ecuador</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Recognition_of_same-sex_unions_in_El_Salvador" title="Recognition of same-sex unions in El Salvador">El Salvador</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Recognition_of_same-sex_unions_in_Honduras" title="Recognition of same-sex unions in Honduras">Honduras</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Same-sex_marriage_in_Mexico" title="Same-sex marriage in Mexico">Mexico</a></li> <li>Netherlands <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Same-sex_marriage_in_Aruba,_Cura%C3%A7ao_and_Sint_Maarten" title="Same-sex marriage in Aruba, Curaçao and Sint Maarten">Aruba, Curaçao and Sint Maarten</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Same-sex_marriage_in_Bonaire,_Sint_Eustatius_and_Saba" title="Same-sex marriage in Bonaire, Sint Eustatius and Saba">Bonaire, Sint Eustatius and Saba</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Recognition_of_same-sex_unions_in_Nicaragua" title="Recognition of same-sex unions in Nicaragua">Nicaragua</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Recognition_of_same-sex_unions_in_Paraguay" title="Recognition of same-sex unions in Paraguay">Paraguay</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Recognition_of_same-sex_unions_in_Suriname" title="Recognition of same-sex unions in Suriname">Suriname</a></li> <li>United Kingdom <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Same-sex_marriage_in_Bermuda" title="Same-sex marriage in Bermuda">Bermuda</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Same-sex_marriage_in_the_Cayman_Islands" title="Same-sex marriage in the Cayman Islands">Cayman Islands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Same-sex_marriage_in_the_Falkland_Islands" title="Same-sex marriage in the Falkland Islands">Falkland Islands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Same-sex_marriage_in_South_Georgia_and_the_South_Sandwich_Islands" title="Same-sex marriage in South Georgia and the South Sandwich Islands">South Georgia and the South Sandwich Islands</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Same-sex_marriage_in_the_United_States" title="Same-sex marriage in the United States">United States</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Same-sex_marriage_in_Puerto_Rico" title="Same-sex marriage in Puerto Rico">Puerto Rico</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Same-sex_marriage_in_the_United_States_Virgin_Islands" title="Same-sex marriage in the United States Virgin Islands">U.S. Virgin Islands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Same-sex_marriage_in_tribal_nations_in_the_United_States" title="Same-sex marriage in tribal nations in the United States">U.S. tribal nations</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Same-sex_marriage_in_Uruguay" title="Same-sex marriage in Uruguay">Uruguay</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Recognition_of_same-sex_unions_in_Venezuela" title="Recognition of same-sex unions in Venezuela">Venezuela</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Recognition_of_same-sex_unions_in_Asia" title="Recognition of same-sex unions in Asia">Asia</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Recognition_of_same-sex_unions_in_Bhutan" title="Recognition of same-sex unions in Bhutan">Bhutan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Recognition_of_same-sex_unions_in_Cambodia" title="Recognition of same-sex unions in Cambodia">Cambodia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Recognition_of_same-sex_unions_in_China" title="Recognition of same-sex unions in China">China</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Recognition_of_same-sex_unions_in_Hong_Kong" title="Recognition of same-sex unions in Hong Kong">Hong Kong</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Recognition_of_same-sex_unions_in_India" title="Recognition of same-sex unions in India">India</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Recognition_of_same-sex_unions_in_Indonesia" title="Recognition of same-sex unions in Indonesia">Indonesia</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Israel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Recognition_of_same-sex_unions_in_Japan" title="Recognition of same-sex unions in Japan">Japan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Recognition_of_same-sex_unions_in_Myanmar" title="Recognition of same-sex unions in Myanmar">Myanmar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Same-sex_marriage_in_Nepal" title="Same-sex marriage in Nepal">Nepal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Recognition_of_same-sex_unions_in_the_Philippines" title="Recognition of same-sex unions in the Philippines">Philippines</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Recognition_of_same-sex_unions_in_Russia" title="Recognition of same-sex unions in Russia">Russia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Recognition_of_same-sex_unions_in_Singapore" title="Recognition of same-sex unions in Singapore">Singapore</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Recognition_of_same-sex_unions_in_South_Korea" title="Recognition of same-sex unions in South Korea">South Korea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Same-sex_marriage_in_Taiwan" title="Same-sex marriage in Taiwan">Taiwan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Same-sex_marriage_in_Thailand" title="Same-sex marriage in Thailand">Thailand</a></li> <li>United Kingdom <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Same-sex_marriage_in_the_British_Indian_Ocean_Territory" title="Same-sex marriage in the British Indian Ocean Territory">British Indian Ocean Territory</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Recognition_of_same-sex_unions_in_Vietnam" title="Recognition of same-sex unions in Vietnam">Vietnam</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Recognition_of_same-sex_unions_in_Europe" title="Recognition of same-sex unions in Europe">Europe</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Recognition_of_same-sex_unions_in_Albania" title="Recognition of same-sex unions in Albania">Albania</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Same-sex_marriage_in_Andorra" title="Same-sex marriage in Andorra">Andorra</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Recognition_of_same-sex_unions_in_Armenia" title="Recognition of same-sex unions in Armenia">Armenia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Same-sex_marriage_in_Austria" title="Same-sex marriage in Austria">Austria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Same-sex_marriage_in_Belgium" title="Same-sex marriage in Belgium">Belgium</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Recognition_of_same-sex_unions_in_Bulgaria" title="Recognition of same-sex unions in Bulgaria">Bulgaria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Recognition_of_same-sex_unions_in_Croatia" title="Recognition of same-sex unions in Croatia">Croatia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Recognition_of_same-sex_unions_in_Cyprus" title="Recognition of same-sex unions in Cyprus">Cyprus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Recognition_of_same-sex_unions_in_the_Czech_Republic" title="Recognition of same-sex unions in the Czech Republic">Czech Republic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Same-sex_marriage_in_Denmark" title="Same-sex marriage in Denmark">Denmark</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Same-sex_marriage_in_the_Faroe_Islands" title="Same-sex marriage in the Faroe Islands">Faroe Islands</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Same-sex_marriage_in_Estonia" title="Same-sex marriage in Estonia">Estonia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Same-sex_marriage_in_Finland" title="Same-sex marriage in Finland">Finland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Same-sex_marriage_in_France" title="Same-sex marriage in France">France</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Same-sex_marriage_in_Germany" title="Same-sex marriage in Germany">Germany</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Same-sex_marriage_in_Greece" title="Same-sex marriage in Greece">Greece</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Recognition_of_same-sex_unions_in_Hungary" title="Recognition of same-sex unions in Hungary">Hungary</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Same-sex_marriage_in_Iceland" title="Same-sex marriage in Iceland">Iceland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Same-sex_marriage_in_the_Republic_of_Ireland" title="Same-sex marriage in the Republic of Ireland">Ireland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Recognition_of_same-sex_unions_in_Italy" title="Recognition of same-sex unions in Italy">Italy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Recognition_of_same-sex_unions_in_Kosovo" title="Recognition of same-sex unions in Kosovo">Kosovo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Recognition_of_same-sex_unions_in_Latvia" title="Recognition of same-sex unions in Latvia">Latvia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Same-sex_marriage_in_Liechtenstein" title="Same-sex marriage in Liechtenstein">Liechtenstein</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Recognition_of_same-sex_unions_in_Lithuania" title="Recognition of same-sex unions in Lithuania">Lithuania</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Same-sex_marriage_in_Luxembourg" title="Same-sex marriage in Luxembourg">Luxembourg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Same-sex_marriage_in_Malta" title="Same-sex marriage in Malta">Malta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Recognition_of_same-sex_unions_in_Moldova" title="Recognition of same-sex unions in Moldova">Moldova</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Recognition_of_same-sex_unions_in_Monaco" title="Recognition of same-sex unions in Monaco">Monaco</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Recognition_of_same-sex_unions_in_Montenegro" title="Recognition of same-sex unions in Montenegro">Montenegro</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Same-sex_marriage_in_the_Netherlands" title="Same-sex marriage in the Netherlands">Netherlands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Recognition_of_same-sex_unions_in_North_Macedonia" title="Recognition of same-sex unions in North Macedonia">North Macedonia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Same-sex_marriage_in_Norway" title="Same-sex marriage in Norway">Norway</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Recognition_of_same-sex_unions_in_Poland" title="Recognition of same-sex unions in Poland">Poland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Same-sex_marriage_in_Portugal" title="Same-sex marriage in Portugal">Portugal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Recognition_of_same-sex_unions_in_Romania" title="Recognition of same-sex unions in Romania">Romania</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Recognition_of_same-sex_unions_in_Russia" title="Recognition of same-sex unions in Russia">Russia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Recognition_of_same-sex_unions_in_San_Marino" title="Recognition of same-sex unions in San Marino">San Marino</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Recognition_of_same-sex_unions_in_Serbia" title="Recognition of same-sex unions in Serbia">Serbia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Recognition_of_same-sex_unions_in_Slovakia" title="Recognition of same-sex unions in Slovakia">Slovakia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Same-sex_marriage_in_Slovenia" title="Same-sex marriage in Slovenia">Slovenia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Same-sex_marriage_in_Spain" title="Same-sex marriage in Spain">Spain</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Same-sex_marriage_in_Sweden" title="Same-sex marriage in Sweden">Sweden</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Same-sex_marriage_in_Switzerland" title="Same-sex marriage in Switzerland">Switzerland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Recognition_of_same-sex_unions_in_Ukraine" title="Recognition of same-sex unions in Ukraine">Ukraine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Same-sex_marriage_in_the_United_Kingdom" title="Same-sex marriage in the United Kingdom">United Kingdom</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Same-sex_marriage_in_Akrotiri_and_Dhekelia" title="Same-sex marriage in Akrotiri and Dhekelia">Akrotiri and Dhekelia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Same-sex_marriage_in_Gibraltar" title="Same-sex marriage in Gibraltar">Gibraltar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Same-sex_marriage_in_Guernsey" title="Same-sex marriage in Guernsey">Guernsey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Same-sex_marriage_in_the_Isle_of_Man" title="Same-sex marriage in the Isle of Man">Isle of Man</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Same-sex_marriage_in_Jersey" title="Same-sex marriage in Jersey">Jersey</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Recognition_of_same-sex_unions_in_Oceania" title="Recognition of same-sex unions in Oceania">Oceania</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Same-sex_marriage_in_Australia" title="Same-sex marriage in Australia">Australia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Recognition_of_same-sex_unions_in_Fiji" title="Recognition of same-sex unions in Fiji">Fiji</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Recognition_of_same-sex_unions_in_Micronesia" title="Recognition of same-sex unions in Micronesia">Micronesia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Same-sex_marriage_in_New_Zealand" title="Same-sex marriage in New Zealand">New Zealand</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Recognition_of_same-sex_unions_in_Palau" title="Recognition of same-sex unions in Palau">Palau</a></li> <li>United Kingdom <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Same-sex_marriage_in_the_Pitcairn_Islands" title="Same-sex marriage in the Pitcairn Islands">Pitcairn Islands</a></li></ul></li> <li>United States <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Same-sex_marriage_in_American_Samoa" title="Same-sex marriage in American Samoa">American Samoa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Same-sex_marriage_in_Guam" title="Same-sex marriage in Guam">Guam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Same-sex_marriage_in_the_Northern_Mariana_Islands" title="Same-sex marriage in the Northern Mariana Islands">Northern Mariana Islands</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Recognition_of_same-sex_unions_in_Vanuatu" title="Recognition of same-sex unions in Vanuatu">Vanuatu</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Antarctica</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>United Kingdom <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Same-sex_marriage_in_the_British_Antarctic_Territory" title="Same-sex marriage in the British Antarctic Territory">British Antarctic Territory</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Retrieved from "<a dir="ltr" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Recognition_of_same-sex_unions_in_Israel&oldid=1259034759#Sagi_Golan">https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Recognition_of_same-sex_unions_in_Israel&oldid=1259034759#Sagi_Golan</a>"</div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface"><div id="mw-normal-catlinks" class="mw-normal-catlinks"><a href="/wiki/Help:Category" title="Help:Category">Categories</a>: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Recognition_of_same-sex_unions_in_Asia_by_country" 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