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id="toc-Orígenes_e_historia" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Orígenes_e_historia"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1</span> <span>Orígenes e historia</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Orígenes_e_historia-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Véase_también" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Véase_también"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Véase también</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Véase_también-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Referencias" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Referencias"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Referencias</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Referencias-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Bibliografía" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Bibliografía"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Bibliografía</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Bibliografía-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contenidos" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" title="Tabla de contenidos" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Cambiar a la tabla de contenidos" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Cambiar a la tabla de contenidos</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Shaktismo</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Ir a un artículo en otro idioma. Disponible en 60 idiomas" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-60" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">60 idiomas</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shaktisme" title="Shaktisme – afrikáans" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="Shaktisme" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="afrikáans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Afrikaans</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B4%D8%A7%D9%83%D8%AA%D9%8A%D8%A9" title="شاكتية – árabe" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="شاكتية" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="árabe" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B4%D8%A7%D9%83%D8%AA%D9%8A%D9%87" title="شاكتيه – Egyptian Arabic" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="شاكتيه" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="Egyptian Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مصرى</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-as mw-list-item"><a href="https://as.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%B6%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%95%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%A4%E0%A6%A7%E0%A7%B0%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%AE" title="শাক্তধৰ্ম – asamés" lang="as" hreflang="as" data-title="শাক্তধৰ্ম" data-language-autonym="অসমীয়া" data-language-local-name="asamés" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>অসমীয়া</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C5%9Eaktizm" title="Şaktizm – azerbaiyano" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Şaktizm" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="azerbaiyano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bcl mw-list-item"><a href="https://bcl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shaktismo" title="Shaktismo – Central Bikol" lang="bcl" hreflang="bcl" data-title="Shaktismo" data-language-autonym="Bikol Central" data-language-local-name="Central Bikol" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bikol Central</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A8%D0%B0%D0%BA%D1%82%D1%8B%D0%B7%D0%BC" title="Шактызм – bielorruso" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Шактызм" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="bielorruso" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bh mw-list-item"><a href="https://bh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B6%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A4_%E0%A4%B8%E0%A4%82%E0%A4%AA%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%A6%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%AF" title="शाक्त संप्रदाय – Bhojpuri" lang="bh" hreflang="bh" data-title="शाक्त संप्रदाय" data-language-autonym="भोजपुरी" data-language-local-name="Bhojpuri" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>भोजपुरी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%B6%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%95%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%A4%E0%A6%A7%E0%A6%B0%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%AE" title="শাক্তধর্ম – bengalí" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="শাক্তধর্ম" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="bengalí" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Xactisme" title="Xactisme – catalán" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Xactisme" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="catalán" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs badge-Q17437798 badge-goodarticle mw-list-item" title="artículo bueno"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C5%A0aktismus" title="Šaktismus – checo" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Šaktismus" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="checo" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shaktismus" title="Shaktismus – alemán" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Shaktismus" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="alemán" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%A3%CE%B1%CE%BA%CF%84%CE%B9%CF%83%CE%BC%CF%8C%CF%82" title="Σακτισμός – griego" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Σακτισμός" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="griego" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en badge-Q17437798 badge-goodarticle mw-list-item" title="artículo bueno"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shaktism" title="Shaktism – inglés" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="Shaktism" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="inglés" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C5%9Caktismo" title="Ŝaktismo – esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Ŝaktismo" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C5%A0aktism" title="Šaktism – estonio" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Šaktism" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="estonio" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shaktismo" title="Shaktismo – euskera" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Shaktismo" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="euskera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B4%D8%A7%DA%A9%D8%AA%DB%8C%E2%80%8C%D9%BE%D8%B1%D8%B3%D8%AA%DB%8C" title="شاکتی‌پرستی – persa" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="شاکتی‌پرستی" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="persa" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shaktismi" title="Shaktismi – finés" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Shaktismi" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="finés" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shaktisme" title="Shaktisme – francés" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Shaktisme" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="francés" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%A9%D7%90%D7%A7%D7%98%D7%99%D7%96%D7%9D" title="שאקטיזם – hebreo" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="שאקטיזם" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="hebreo" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B6%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A4_%E0%A4%B8%E0%A4%AE%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AA%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%A6%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%AF" title="शाक्त सम्प्रदाय – hindi" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="शाक्त सम्प्रदाय" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hif mw-list-item"><a href="https://hif.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shaktism" title="Shaktism – Fiji Hindi" lang="hif" hreflang="hif" data-title="Shaktism" data-language-autonym="Fiji Hindi" data-language-local-name="Fiji Hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Fiji Hindi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C5%A0aktizam" title="Šaktizam – croata" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Šaktizam" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="croata" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saktizmus" title="Saktizmus – húngaro" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Saktizmus" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="húngaro" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sakta" title="Sakta – indonesio" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Sakta" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="indonesio" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C5%9Aaktismo" title="Śaktismo – italiano" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Śaktismo" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="italiano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%82%B7%E3%83%A3%E3%82%AF%E3%83%86%E3%82%A3%E6%B4%BE" title="シャクティ派 – japonés" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="シャクティ派" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="japonés" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-km mw-list-item"><a href="https://km.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%9E%9F%E1%9E%80%E1%9F%92%E1%9E%8F%E1%9E%B7%E1%9E%93%E1%9E%B7%E1%9E%80%E1%9E%B6%E1%9E%99" title="សក្តិនិកាយ – jemer" lang="km" hreflang="km" data-title="សក្តិនិកាយ" data-language-autonym="ភាសាខ្មែរ" data-language-local-name="jemer" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ភាសាខ្មែរ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kn mw-list-item"><a href="https://kn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B2%B6%E0%B2%BE%E0%B2%95%E0%B3%8D%E0%B2%A4_%E0%B2%AA%E0%B2%82%E0%B2%A5" title="ಶಾಕ್ತ ಪಂಥ – canarés" lang="kn" hreflang="kn" data-title="ಶಾಕ್ತ ಪಂಥ" data-language-autonym="ಕನ್ನಡ" data-language-local-name="canarés" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ಕನ್ನಡ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EC%83%A4%ED%81%AC%ED%8B%B0%ED%8C%8C" title="샤크티파 – coreano" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="샤크티파" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="coreano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saktismus" title="Saktismus – latín" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Saktismus" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="latín" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C5%A0aktizmas" title="Šaktizmas – lituano" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Šaktizmas" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="lituano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mg mw-list-item"><a href="https://mg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saktisma" title="Saktisma – malgache" lang="mg" hreflang="mg" data-title="Saktisma" data-language-autonym="Malagasy" data-language-local-name="malgache" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Malagasy</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml mw-list-item"><a href="https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B4%B6%E0%B4%BE%E0%B4%95%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%A4%E0%B5%87%E0%B4%AF%E0%B4%82" title="ശാക്തേയം – malayálam" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="ശാക്തേയം" data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="malayálam" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>മലയാളം</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mni mw-list-item"><a href="https://mni.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EA%AF%81%EA%AF%9B%EA%AF%87%EA%AF%A4_%EA%AF%82%EA%AF%A5%EA%AF%A2%EA%AF%85%EA%AF%A4%EA%AF%A1" title="ꯁꯛꯇꯤ ꯂꯥꯢꯅꯤꯡ – manipurí" lang="mni" hreflang="mni" data-title="ꯁꯛꯇꯤ ꯂꯥꯢꯅꯤꯡ" data-language-autonym="ꯃꯤꯇꯩ ꯂꯣꯟ" data-language-local-name="manipurí" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ꯃꯤꯇꯩ ꯂꯣꯟ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mr mw-list-item"><a href="https://mr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B6%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A4_%E0%A4%AA%E0%A4%82%E0%A4%A5" title="शाक्त पंथ – maratí" lang="mr" hreflang="mr" data-title="शाक्त पंथ" data-language-autonym="मराठी" data-language-local-name="maratí" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>मराठी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Syaktisme" title="Syaktisme – malayo" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Syaktisme" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="malayo" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-new mw-list-item"><a href="https://new.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B6%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A4%E0%A4%BF" title="शक्ति – nevarí" lang="new" hreflang="new" data-title="शक्ति" data-language-autonym="नेपाल भाषा" data-language-local-name="nevarí" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>नेपाल भाषा</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shaktisme" title="Shaktisme – neerlandés" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Shaktisme" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="neerlandés" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shaktisme" title="Shaktisme – noruego bokmal" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Shaktisme" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="noruego bokmal" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pi mw-list-item"><a href="https://pi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B6%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A4%E0%A4%BF" title="शक्ति – pali" lang="pi" hreflang="pi" data-title="शक्ति" data-language-autonym="पालि" data-language-local-name="pali" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>पालि</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C5%9Aaktyzm" title="Śaktyzm – polaco" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Śaktyzm" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="polaco" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shaktismo" title="Shaktismo – portugués" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Shaktismo" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="portugués" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A8%D0%B0%D0%BA%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%B7%D0%BC" title="Шактизм – ruso" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Шактизм" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="ruso" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C5%A0aktizmus" title="Šaktizmus – eslovaco" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Šaktizmus" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="eslovaco" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sq mw-list-item"><a href="https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shaktizmi" title="Shaktizmi – albanés" lang="sq" hreflang="sq" data-title="Shaktizmi" data-language-autonym="Shqip" data-language-local-name="albanés" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Shqip</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C5%A0aktizam" title="Šaktizam – serbio" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Šaktizam" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="serbio" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shaktism" title="Shaktism – sueco" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Shaktism" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="sueco" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%9A%E0%AE%BE%E0%AE%95%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%A4%E0%AE%AE%E0%AF%8D" title="சாக்தம் – tamil" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="சாக்தம்" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="tamil" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>தமிழ்</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-te mw-list-item"><a href="https://te.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B0%B6%E0%B0%95%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%A4%E0%B0%BF_%E0%B0%86%E0%B0%B0%E0%B0%BE%E0%B0%A7%E0%B0%A8" title="శక్తి ఆరాధన – telugu" lang="te" hreflang="te" data-title="శక్తి ఆరాధన" data-language-autonym="తెలుగు" data-language-local-name="telugu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>తెలుగు</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%A5%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%97%E0%B8%98%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%A8%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%95%E0%B8%B4" title="ลัทธิศักติ – tailandés" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="ลัทธิศักติ" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="tailandés" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C5%9Eaktizm" title="Şaktizm – turco" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Şaktizm" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="turco" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tt mw-list-item"><a href="https://tt.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A8%D0%B0%D0%BA%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%B7%D0%BC" title="Шактизм – tártaro" lang="tt" hreflang="tt" data-title="Шактизм" data-language-autonym="Татарча / tatarça" data-language-local-name="tártaro" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Татарча / tatarça</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A8%D0%B0%D0%BA%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%B7%D0%BC" title="Шактизм – ucraniano" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Шактизм" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="ucraniano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B4%DA%A9%D8%AA%DB%8C_%D9%85%D8%AA" title="شکتی مت – urdu" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="شکتی مت" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="urdu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>اردو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shaktism" title="Shaktism – vietnamita" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Shaktism" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="vietnamita" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-xmf mw-list-item"><a href="https://xmf.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%A8%E1%83%90%E1%83%99%E1%83%A2%E1%83%98%E1%83%96%E1%83%9B%E1%83%98" title="შაკტიზმი – Mingrelian" lang="xmf" hreflang="xmf" data-title="შაკტიზმი" data-language-autonym="მარგალური" data-language-local-name="Mingrelian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>მარგალური</span></a></li><li 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href="/wiki/Archivo:Statues_of_Vaishnavi,_Varahi,_Indrani_and_Camunda,_National_Museum,_New_Delhi.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8b/Statues_of_Vaishnavi%2C_Varahi%2C_Indrani_and_Camunda%2C_National_Museum%2C_New_Delhi.jpg/260px-Statues_of_Vaishnavi%2C_Varahi%2C_Indrani_and_Camunda%2C_National_Museum%2C_New_Delhi.jpg" decoding="async" width="260" height="178" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8b/Statues_of_Vaishnavi%2C_Varahi%2C_Indrani_and_Camunda%2C_National_Museum%2C_New_Delhi.jpg/390px-Statues_of_Vaishnavi%2C_Varahi%2C_Indrani_and_Camunda%2C_National_Museum%2C_New_Delhi.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8b/Statues_of_Vaishnavi%2C_Varahi%2C_Indrani_and_Camunda%2C_National_Museum%2C_New_Delhi.jpg/520px-Statues_of_Vaishnavi%2C_Varahi%2C_Indrani_and_Camunda%2C_National_Museum%2C_New_Delhi.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4504" data-file-height="3081" /></a><figcaption>El shaktismo es una tradición centrada en una diosa del hinduismo.<sup id="cite_ref-Klostermaier2010p30_1-0" class="reference separada"><a href="#cite_note-Klostermaier2010p30-1"><span class="corchete-llamada">[</span>1<span class="corchete-llamada">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-flood174_2-0" class="reference separada"><a href="#cite_note-flood174-2"><span class="corchete-llamada">[</span>2<span class="corchete-llamada">]</span></a></sup> Relieve con estatuas de <a href="/w/index.php?title=Vaishnavi_(Matrika_goddess)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Vaishnavi (Matrika goddess) (aún no redactado)">Vaishnavi</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Varahi&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Varahi (aún no redactado)">Varahi</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Indrani&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Indrani (aún no redactado)">Indrani</a> y <a href="/w/index.php?title=Chamunda&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Chamunda (aún no redactado)">Chamunda</a></figcaption></figure> <p><b>Shaktismo</b> (<a href="/wiki/S%C3%A1nscrito" title="Sánscrito">sánscrito</a>: शाक्त: , Śāktaḥ; bengalí: শাক্ত; <a href="/wiki/Tamil" class="mw-disambig" title="Tamil">Tamil</a>: சாக்தம் , lit., "<i>la doctrina de la energía, la energía, la diosa eterna</i>") es una de varias <a href="/wiki/Denominaciones_en_el_hinduismo" title="Denominaciones en el hinduismo">denominaciones hindúes</a>, en el que la realidad de la energía metafísica es considerada una deidad femenina y metafórica conocida como <a href="/wiki/Shakti" class="mw-redirect" title="Shakti">Shakti</a> (Mahadevi); la cual es considerada por ello como la divinidad suprema, respecto a la demás <a href="/wiki/Deidades_hinduistas" class="mw-redirect" title="Deidades hinduistas">deidades hinduistas</a>. Incluye muchas diosas (<a href="/wiki/Devi" class="mw-redirect" title="Devi">devis</a>), todas consideradas aspectos de la misma diosa suprema.<sup id="cite_ref-Klostermaier2010p30_1-1" class="reference separada"><a href="#cite_note-Klostermaier2010p30-1"><span class="corchete-llamada">[</span>1<span class="corchete-llamada">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Melton2010p2600_3-0" class="reference separada"><a href="#cite_note-Melton2010p2600-3"><span class="corchete-llamada">[</span>3<span class="corchete-llamada">]</span></a></sup> El shaktismo tiene diferentes subtradiciones, que van desde las centradas en la amable <a href="/wiki/Parvati" title="Parvati">Parvati</a> hasta la feroz <a href="/wiki/Kali" title="Kali">Kali</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-britannicashakti_4-0" class="reference separada"><a href="#cite_note-britannicashakti-4"><span class="corchete-llamada">[</span>4<span class="corchete-llamada">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Los textos <a href="/wiki/Sruti" class="mw-redirect" title="Sruti">Sruti</a> y <a href="/wiki/Smriti" class="mw-redirect" title="Smriti">Smriti</a> del <a href="/wiki/Hinduismo" title="Hinduismo">hinduismo</a> son un marco histórico importante de la tradición del Shaktismo. Además, venera los textos <a href="/w/index.php?title=Devi_Mahatmya&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Devi Mahatmya (aún no redactado)">Devi Mahatmya</a>, <a href="/wiki/Devi-Bhagavata_Purana" class="mw-redirect" title="Devi-Bhagavata Purana">Devi-Bhagavata Purana</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Kalika_Purana&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kalika Purana (aún no redactado)">Kalika Purana</a> y <a href="/w/index.php?title=Shakta_Upanishads&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Shakta Upanishads (aún no redactado)">Shakta Upanishads</a> como el <a href="/w/index.php?title=Devi_Upanishad&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Devi Upanishad (aún no redactado)">Devi Upanishad</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference separada"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="corchete-llamada">[</span>5<span class="corchete-llamada">]</span></a></sup> El Devi Mahatmya en particular, se considera en el Shaktismo tan importante como el Bhagavad Gita.<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference separada"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="corchete-llamada">[</span>6<span class="corchete-llamada">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>El shaktismo es conocido por sus diversas subtradiciones del <a href="/wiki/Tantra" title="Tantra">Tantra</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference separada"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="corchete-llamada">[</span>7<span class="corchete-llamada">]</span></a></sup> así como por una galaxia de diosas con sistemas respectivos. Consiste en Vidyapitha y Kulamārga. El panteón de diosas en el shaktismo creció después del declive del budismo en la India, donde las diosas hindúes y <a href="/wiki/Budismo" title="Budismo">budistas</a> se combinaron para formar la Mahavidya, una lista de diez diosas.<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference separada"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="corchete-llamada">[</span>8<span class="corchete-llamada">]</span></a></sup> Los aspectos más comunes de Devi que se encuentran en el Shaktismo incluyen Durga, Kali, Saraswati, Lakshmi, Parvati y Tripurasundari.<sup id="cite_ref-Melton2010p2600_3-1" class="reference separada"><a href="#cite_note-Melton2010p2600-3"><span class="corchete-llamada">[</span>3<span class="corchete-llamada">]</span></a></sup> La tradición centrada en la Diosa es muy popular en el noreste de la India, particularmente en Bengala Occidental, Odisha, Bihar, Jharkhand, Tripura y Assam, donde se celebran festivales como Durga puja, que es popular en <a href="/wiki/Bengala_Occidental" title="Bengala Occidental">Bengala Occidental</a> y <a href="/wiki/Odisha" title="Odisha">Odisha</a>. </p><p>El Shaktismo también enfatiza que el amor intenso por la deidad es más importante que la simple obediencia, mostrando así la influencia de la idea Vaishnava donde la relación apasionada entre Radha y Krishna es también la relación ideal. Estas viejas ideas todavía influyen en el Shaktismo moderno.<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference separada"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="corchete-llamada">[</span>9<span class="corchete-llamada">]</span></a></sup> De manera similar, las ideas del Shaktismo también han influido en las tradiciones del <a href="/wiki/Vaishnavismo" class="mw-redirect" title="Vaishnavismo">Vaishnavismo</a> y el <a href="/wiki/Shaivismo" class="mw-redirect" title="Shaivismo">Shaivismo</a>. </p><p>En el Shaktismo, la Diosa es considerada como la Shakti/<a href="/wiki/Energ%C3%ADa" title="Energía">Energía</a> de la <a href="/wiki/Conciencia" title="Conciencia">conciencia</a> (representada en <a href="/wiki/Vishnu" title="Vishnu">Vishnu</a> y <a href="/wiki/Shiva" title="Shiva">Shiva</a> respectivamente); siendo esta interacción equivalente y/u otra forma de representación de la interacción que se produce entre <a href="/wiki/Prakriti" title="Prakriti">Prakriti</a> (la materia) con <a href="/wiki/Purusha" class="mw-redirect" title="Purusha">Purusha</a> (el alma universal). Debido a ello la Diosa es reverenciada de manera prominente en numerosos templos y festivales hindúes.<sup id="cite_ref-flood174_2-1" class="reference separada"><a href="#cite_note-flood174-2"><span class="corchete-llamada">[</span>2<span class="corchete-llamada">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Así, a partir de sus características se puede considerar también a la Diosa, como otra forma de representación del <i>Saguna Brahman</i> (El <a href="/wiki/Absoluto_Brahman" class="mw-redirect" title="Absoluto Brahman">absoluto Brahman</a> con cualidades). </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Orígenes_e_historia"><span id="Or.C3.ADgenes_e_historia"></span>Orígenes e historia</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Shaktismo&action=edit&section=1" title="Editar sección: Orígenes e historia"><span>editar</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>La evidencia arqueológica más temprana de lo que parece ser un santuario del <a href="/wiki/Paleol%C3%ADtico_Superior" class="mw-redirect" title="Paleolítico Superior">Paleolítico Superior</a> para el culto a Shakti se descubrió en el sitio paleolítico superior terminal de <a href="/w/index.php?title=Baghor_I&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Baghor I (aún no redactado)">Baghor I</a> (<i>piedra de Baghor</i>) en el distrito de Sidhi de <a href="/wiki/Madhya_Pradesh" title="Madhya Pradesh">Madhya Pradesh</a>, <a href="/wiki/India" title="India">India</a>. Las excavaciones, llevadas a cabo bajo la dirección de los arqueólogos destacados GR Sharma de la <a href="/wiki/Universidad_de_Allahabad" title="Universidad de Allahabad">Universidad de Allahabad</a> y J. Desmond Clark de la <a href="/wiki/Universidad_de_California" title="Universidad de California">Universidad de California</a>, fecharon la formación Baghor entre el 9000 AC. y el 8000 AC.<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference separada"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="corchete-llamada">[</span>10<span class="corchete-llamada">]</span></a></sup> El Los orígenes de la adoración Shakti también se pueden rastrear hasta la <a href="/wiki/Civilizaci%C3%B3n_del_Valle_del_Indo" class="mw-redirect" title="Civilización del Valle del Indo">Civilización del Valle del Indo</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference separada"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="corchete-llamada">[</span>11<span class="corchete-llamada">]</span></a></sup> Entre las primeras pruebas de reverencia por el aspecto femenino de Dios en el hinduismo se encuentra este pasaje del capítulo 10.125 del Rig Veda , también llamado himno Devi Suktam:<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMcDaniel200490_12-0" class="reference separada"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMcDaniel200490-12"><span class="corchete-llamada">[</span>12<span class="corchete-llamada">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBrown199826_13-0" class="reference separada"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBrown199826-13"><span class="corchete-llamada">[</span>13<span class="corchete-llamada">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Hymn_125_14-0" class="reference separada"><a href="#cite_note-Hymn_125-14"><span class="corchete-llamada">[</span>14<span class="corchete-llamada">]</span></a></sup> </p> <dl><dd><i>"Soy la Reina, la recolectora de tesoros, la más reflexiva, la primera de las que merecen adoración. Así, los Dioses me han establecido en muchos lugares con muchos hogares para entrar y vivir. Solo a través de mí, todos comen la comida que los alimenta, cada hombre que ve, respira, oye la palabra abiertamente. Ellos no lo saben, pero yo resido en la esencia del Universo. Escuchen, todos y cada uno, la verdad como yo la declaro. Yo, en verdad, anuncio y pronuncio la palabra que Dios y los hombres recibirán por igual. Hago al hombre que amo sumamente poderoso, lo hago nutrido, un sabio y uno que conoce a Brahman.. Doblo el arco para Rudra [Shiva], para que su flecha golpee y mate al que odia la devoción. Despierto y ordeno la batalla por la gente, creé la Tierra y el Cielo y resido como su Controlador Interno. En la cumbre del mundo traigo al cielo al Padre: mi hogar está en las aguas, en el océano como Madre. Desde allí, impregno todas las criaturas existentes, como su Ser Supremo Interno, y las manifiesto con mi cuerpo. Creé todos los mundos a mi voluntad, sin ningún ser superior, y los impregné y habito dentro de ellos.¨"</i></dd> <dd>"La conciencia eterna e infinita soy yo, es mi grandeza habitando en todo." - Devi Sukta, Rigveda 10.125.3 - 10.125.8 ,<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMcDaniel200490_12-1" class="reference separada"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMcDaniel200490-12"><span class="corchete-llamada">[</span>12<span class="corchete-llamada">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBrown199826_13-1" class="reference separada"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBrown199826-13"><span class="corchete-llamada">[</span>13<span class="corchete-llamada">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Hymn_125_14-1" class="reference separada"><a href="#cite_note-Hymn_125-14"><span class="corchete-llamada">[</span>14<span class="corchete-llamada">]</span></a></sup></dd></dl> <p>La literatura védica venera a varias diosas, pero con mucha menos frecuencia que los dioses <a href="/wiki/Indra" title="Indra">Indra</a>, <a href="/wiki/Agni" title="Agni">Agni</a> y <a href="/wiki/Chandra_(dios)" title="Chandra (dios)">Soma</a>. Sin embargo, se declaran aspectos equivalentes del Brahman neutral, de Prajapati y Purusha. Las diosas que se mencionan a menudo en las capas védicas del texto incluyen <a href="/wiki/Ushas" class="mw-redirect" title="Ushas">Ushas</a> (<i>amanecer</i>), <a href="/wiki/V%C4%81c" class="mw-redirect" title="Vāc">Vāc</a> (<i>habla, sabiduría</i>), <a href="/wiki/Sarasvati" title="Sarasvati">Sarasvati</a> (como río), <a href="/wiki/Prithivi" class="mw-redirect" title="Prithivi">Prithivi</a> (tierra), <a href="/wiki/Nirriti" class="mw-redirect" title="Nirriti">Nirriti</a> (aniquiladora), <a href="/wiki/Shraddha" class="mw-redirect" title="Shraddha">Shraddha</a> (fe, confianza).<sup id="cite_ref-Melton2010p2600_3-2" class="reference separada"><a href="#cite_note-Melton2010p2600-3"><span class="corchete-llamada">[</span>3<span class="corchete-llamada">]</span></a></sup> Diosas como <a href="/wiki/Uma" class="mw-disambig" title="Uma">Uma</a> aparecen en los <a href="/wiki/Upanishads" class="mw-redirect" title="Upanishads">Upanishads</a> como otro aspecto de lo divino y el conocedor del conocimiento último (<a href="/wiki/Brahman_(divinidad_impersonal_hinduista)" title="Brahman (divinidad impersonal hinduista)">Brahman</a>), como en las secciones 3 y 4 de la antigua Kena Upanishad.<sup id="cite_ref-pauldeussen34_15-0" class="reference separada"><a href="#cite_note-pauldeussen34-15"><span class="corchete-llamada">[</span>15<span class="corchete-llamada">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-charleskenaprose_16-0" class="reference separada"><a href="#cite_note-charleskenaprose-16"><span class="corchete-llamada">[</span>16<span class="corchete-llamada">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Los himnos a las diosas se encuentran en la antigua epopeya hindú <a href="/wiki/Mahabharata" title="Mahabharata">Mahabharata</a>, particularmente en la sección <a href="/wiki/Harivamsa" class="mw-redirect" title="Harivamsa">Harivamsa</a>, que fue una adición tardía (año 100 a 300) a la obra.<sup id="cite_ref-FulkersonBriggs139_17-0" class="reference separada"><a href="#cite_note-FulkersonBriggs139-17"><span class="corchete-llamada">[</span>17<span class="corchete-llamada">]</span></a></sup> La evidencia arqueológica y textual implica, afirma Thomas Coburn, que la Diosa se había vuelto tan prominente como Dios en la tradición hindú alrededor del siglo <span style="font-variant:small-caps;text-transform:lowercase">III</span> o <span style="font-variant:small-caps;text-transform:lowercase">IV</span>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTECoburn20027_18-0" class="reference separada"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTECoburn20027-18"><span class="corchete-llamada">[</span>18<span class="corchete-llamada">]</span></a></sup> La literatura sobre la teología Shakti creció en la antigua India, culminando en uno de los textos más importantes del Shaktismo llamado <a href="/w/index.php?title=Devi_Mahatmya&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Devi Mahatmya (aún no redactado)">Devi Mahatmya</a>. Este texto, afirma C. Mackenzie Brown, profesor de religión, es tanto la culminación de siglos de ideas indias sobre la mujer divina como una base para la literatura y la espiritualidad centradas en la trascendencia femenina en los siglos siguientes.<sup id="cite_ref-FulkersonBriggs139_17-1" class="reference separada"><a href="#cite_note-FulkersonBriggs139-17"><span class="corchete-llamada">[</span>17<span class="corchete-llamada">]</span></a></sup> El Devi-Mahatmya no es el fragmento literario más antiguo que atestigua la existencia de devoción a una figura de la Diosa, afirma Thomas B. Coburn, profesor de Estudios Religiosos, pero "seguramente es el primer fragmento en el que el objeto de adoración es conceptualizada como Diosa, con una D mayúscula".<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTECoburn199116_19-0" class="reference separada"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTECoburn199116-19"><span class="corchete-llamada">[</span>19<span class="corchete-llamada">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Otros textos importantes del Shaktismo incluyen los <a href="/w/index.php?title=Shakta_Upanishads&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Shakta Upanishads (aún no redactado)">Shakta Upanishads</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEKrishna_Warrier1999_20-0" class="reference separada"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEKrishna_Warrier1999-20"><span class="corchete-llamada">[</span>20<span class="corchete-llamada">]</span></a></sup> así como la literatura <a href="/w/index.php?title=Upa_Puranic&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Upa Puranic (aún no redactado)">Upa Puranic</a> orientada al Shakta como el Devi Purana y Kalika Purana,<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBhattacharyya1996_21-0" class="reference separada"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBhattacharyya1996-21"><span class="corchete-llamada">[</span>21<span class="corchete-llamada">]</span></a></sup> el <a href="/wiki/Lalita_Sahasranama" title="Lalita Sahasranama">Lalita Sahasranama</a> (del Brahmanda Purana ).<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDikshitar1999_22-0" class="reference separada"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEDikshitar1999-22"><span class="corchete-llamada">[</span>22<span class="corchete-llamada">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBrown1998_23-0" class="reference separada"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBrown1998-23"><span class="corchete-llamada">[</span>23<span class="corchete-llamada">]</span></a></sup> El Tripura Upanishad es históricamente la introducción más completa al Tantrismo Shakta Tantrism, destilando en sus 16 versos casi todos los temas importantes de la tradición Shakta Tantra.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBrooks1990xvi_24-0" class="reference separada"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBrooks1990xvi-24"><span class="corchete-llamada">[</span>24<span class="corchete-llamada">]</span></a></sup> Junto con el <a href="/w/index.php?title=Tripura_Upanishad&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Tripura Upanishad (aún no redactado)">Tripura Upanishad</a>, el Tripuratapini Upanishadha atraído a los eruditos bhasya (comentario) en la segunda mitad del segundo milenio, como el trabajo de <a href="/wiki/Bhaskararaya" title="Bhaskararaya">Bhaskararaya</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBrooks199037-38_25-0" class="reference separada"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBrooks199037-38-25"><span class="corchete-llamada">[</span>25<span class="corchete-llamada">]</span></a></sup> y Ramanand.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBrooks1990221_with_note_64_26-0" class="reference separada"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBrooks1990221_with_note_64-26"><span class="corchete-llamada">[</span>26<span class="corchete-llamada">]</span></a></sup> Estos textos vinculan la tradición Shakti Tantra como un atributo védico,<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDasgupta19963_27-0" class="reference separada"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEDasgupta19963-27"><span class="corchete-llamada">[</span>27<span class="corchete-llamada">]</span></a></sup> sin embargo, este vínculo ha sido impugnado por los estudiosos.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBrooks1990xiii–xiv,_xvi,_21_28-0" class="reference separada"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBrooks1990xiii–xiv,_xvi,_21-28"><span class="corchete-llamada">[</span>28<span class="corchete-llamada">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-hughurban_29-0" class="reference separada"><a href="#cite_note-hughurban-29"><span class="corchete-llamada">[</span>29<span class="corchete-llamada">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Los poemas y canciones de Shakta bhakti del siglo <span style="font-variant:small-caps;text-transform:lowercase">XVIII</span> fueron compuestos por dos poetas de la corte de Bengala, Bharatchandra Ray y Ramprasad Sen, así como la colección tamil <a href="/w/index.php?title=Abhirami_Anthadhi&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Abhirami Anthadhi (aún no redactado)">Abhirami Anthadhi</a>. </p><p>El universalista Shakta Sri Ramakrishna, una de las figuras más influyentes de los movimientos reformistas hindúes, creía que todas las diosas hindúes son manifestaciones de la misma <a href="/wiki/Diosa_Madre" class="mw-redirect" title="Diosa Madre">Diosa Madre</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Véase_también"><span id="V.C3.A9ase_tambi.C3.A9n"></span>Véase también</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Shaktismo&action=edit&section=2" title="Editar sección: Véase también"><span>editar</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Durga" title="Durga">Durga</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dattatreya" title="Dattatreya">Dattatreya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shiva%C3%ADsmo_de_Cachemira" title="Shivaísmo de Cachemira">Shivaísmo de Cachemira</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Devi" class="mw-redirect" title="Devi">Devi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sakti" title="Sakti">Shakti</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kali" title="Kali">Kali</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Referencias">Referencias</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Shaktismo&action=edit&section=3" title="Editar sección: Referencias"><span>editar</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="listaref" style="list-style-type: decimal;"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-Klostermaier2010p30-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">↑ <a href="#cite_ref-Klostermaier2010p30_1-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Klostermaier2010p30_1-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><span id="CITAREFKlostermaier2010" class="citation libro">Klostermaier, Klaus K. (2010). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=8CVviRghVtIC"><i>Survey of Hinduism, A: Third Edition</i></a>. State University of New York Press. pp. 30, 114-116, 233-245. <small><a href="/wiki/ISBN" title="ISBN">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Especial:FuentesDeLibros/978-0-7914-8011-3" title="Especial:FuentesDeLibros/978-0-7914-8011-3">978-0-7914-8011-3</a></small>.</span><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fes.wikipedia.org%3AShaktismo&rft.au=Klostermaier%2C+Klaus+K.&rft.aufirst=Klaus+K.&rft.aulast=Klostermaier&rft.btitle=Survey+of+Hinduism%2C+A%3A+Third+Edition&rft.date=2010&rft.genre=book&rft.isbn=978-0-7914-8011-3&rft.pages=30%2C+114-116%2C+233-245&rft.pub=State+University+of+New+York+Press&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D8CVviRghVtIC&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-flood174-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">↑ <a href="#cite_ref-flood174_2-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-flood174_2-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><span id="CITAREFFlood1996" class="citation">Flood, Gavin D. (1996), <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=KpIWhKnYmF0C&pg=PA82"><i>An Introduction to Hinduism</i></a>, Cambridge University Press, pp. 174-176, <small><a href="/wiki/ISBN" title="ISBN">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Especial:FuentesDeLibros/978-0-521-43878-0" title="Especial:FuentesDeLibros/978-0-521-43878-0">978-0-521-43878-0</a></small></span><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fes.wikipedia.org%3AShaktismo&rft.au=Flood%2C+Gavin+D.&rft.aufirst=Gavin+D.&rft.aulast=Flood&rft.btitle=An+Introduction+to+Hinduism&rft.date=1996&rft.genre=book&rft.isbn=978-0-521-43878-0&rft.pages=174-176&rft.pub=Cambridge+University+Press&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DKpIWhKnYmF0C%26pg%3DPA82&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Melton2010p2600-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">↑ <a href="#cite_ref-Melton2010p2600_3-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Melton2010p2600_3-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Melton2010p2600_3-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><span id="CITAREFJ._Gordon_MeltonBaumann2010" class="citation libro">J. Gordon Melton; Baumann, Martin (2010). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=v2yiyLLOj88C&pg=PA2600"><i>Religions of the World: A Comprehensive Encyclopedia of Beliefs and Practices, 2nd Edition</i></a>. ABC-CLIO. pp. 2600-2602. <small><a href="/wiki/ISBN" title="ISBN">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Especial:FuentesDeLibros/978-1-59884-204-3" title="Especial:FuentesDeLibros/978-1-59884-204-3">978-1-59884-204-3</a></small>.</span><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fes.wikipedia.org%3AShaktismo&rft.au=Baumann%2C+Martin&rft.au=J.+Gordon+Melton&rft.aulast=J.+Gordon+Melton&rft.btitle=Religions+of+the+World%3A+A+Comprehensive+Encyclopedia+of+Beliefs+and+Practices%2C+2nd+Edition&rft.date=2010&rft.genre=book&rft.isbn=978-1-59884-204-3&rft.pages=2600-2602&rft.pub=ABC-CLIO&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3Dv2yiyLLOj88C%26pg%3DPA2600&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-britannicashakti-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-britannicashakti_4-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.britannica.com/topic/Shaktism">"Shaktism"</a>, <i>Encyclopædia Britannica</i> (2015)</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-5">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><span id="CITAREFJonesRyan2014" class="citation libro">Jones, Constance; Ryan, James (2014). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=hZET2sSUVsgC"><i>Encyclopedia of Hinduism</i></a>. Infobase Publishing. p. 399. <small><a href="/wiki/ISBN" title="ISBN">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Especial:FuentesDeLibros/978-0816054589" title="Especial:FuentesDeLibros/978-0816054589">978-0816054589</a></small>.</span><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fes.wikipedia.org%3AShaktismo&rft.au=Jones%2C+Constance&rft.au=Ryan%2C+James&rft.aufirst=Constance&rft.aulast=Jones&rft.btitle=Encyclopedia+of+Hinduism&rft.date=2014&rft.genre=book&rft.isbn=978-0816054589&rft.pages=399&rft.pub=Infobase+Publishing&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DhZET2sSUVsgC&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-6">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><span id="CITAREFRocher1986" class="citation libro"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ludo_Rocher&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ludo Rocher (aún no redactado)">Rocher, Ludo</a> (1986). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/historyindianlit00roch_770"><i>The Puranas</i></a>. Otto Harrassowitz Verlag. p. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/historyindianlit00roch_770/page/n199">193</a>. <small><a href="/wiki/ISBN" title="ISBN">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Especial:FuentesDeLibros/978-3447025225" title="Especial:FuentesDeLibros/978-3447025225">978-3447025225</a></small>.</span><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fes.wikipedia.org%3AShaktismo&rft.au=Rocher%2C+Ludo&rft.aufirst=Ludo&rft.aulast=Rocher&rft.btitle=The+Puranas&rft.date=1986&rft.genre=book&rft.isbn=978-3447025225&rft.pages=193&rft.pub=Otto+Harrassowitz+Verlag&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fhistoryindianlit00roch_770&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-7">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><span id="CITAREFKatherine_Anne_HarperBrown2012" class="citation libro">Katherine Anne Harper; Brown, Robert L. (2012). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=NtKrbKIOL5wC"><i>The Roots of Tantra</i></a>. State University of New York Press. pp. 48, 117, 40-53. <small><a href="/wiki/ISBN" title="ISBN">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Especial:FuentesDeLibros/978-0-7914-8890-4" title="Especial:FuentesDeLibros/978-0-7914-8890-4">978-0-7914-8890-4</a></small>.</span><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fes.wikipedia.org%3AShaktismo&rft.au=Brown%2C+Robert+L.&rft.au=Katherine+Anne+Harper&rft.aulast=Katherine+Anne+Harper&rft.btitle=The+Roots+of+Tantra&rft.date=2012&rft.genre=book&rft.isbn=978-0-7914-8890-4&rft.pages=48%2C+117%2C+40-53&rft.pub=State+University+of+New+York+Press&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DNtKrbKIOL5wC&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-8">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Sanderson, Alexis. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.alexissanderson.com/uploads/6/2/7/6/6276908/sanderson_2014_the_saiva_literature_jist_kyoto_(1).pdf">"The Śaiva Literature"</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160304104838/http://www.alexissanderson.com/uploads/6/2/7/6/6276908/sanderson_2014_the_saiva_literature_jist_kyoto_(1).pdf">Archivado</a> el 4 de marzo de 2016 en <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>. <i>Journal of Indological Studies</i> (Kyoto), Nos. 24 & 25 (2012–2013), 2014, pp. 80.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-9">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><span id="CITAREFMcDaniel2004-08-05" class="citation libro">McDaniel, June (5 de agosto de 2004). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.co.in/books?hl=en&lr=&id=caeJpIj9SdkC&oi=fnd&pg=PR7&dq=Radha+goddess&ots=RiS4v72FGt&sig=qWP4Wp7dxctVm7VLiadcXm_gPic&redir_esc=y#v=onepage&q=Radha%20goddess&f=false"><i>Offering Flowers, Feeding Skulls: Popular Goddess Worship in West Bengal</i></a> <span style="color:var(--color-subtle, #555 );">(en inglés)</span>. Oxford University Press. <small><a href="/wiki/ISBN" title="ISBN">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Especial:FuentesDeLibros/978-0-19-534713-5" title="Especial:FuentesDeLibros/978-0-19-534713-5">978-0-19-534713-5</a></small>.</span><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fes.wikipedia.org%3AShaktismo&rft.au=McDaniel%2C+June&rft.aufirst=June&rft.aulast=McDaniel&rft.btitle=Offering+Flowers%2C+Feeding+Skulls%3A+Popular+Goddess+Worship+in+West+Bengal&rft.date=2004-08-05&rft.genre=book&rft.isbn=978-0-19-534713-5&rft.pub=Oxford+University+Press&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.co.in%2Fbooks%3Fhl%3Den%26lr%3D%26id%3DcaeJpIj9SdkC%26oi%3Dfnd%26pg%3DPR7%26dq%3DRadha%2Bgoddess%26ots%3DRiS4v72FGt%26sig%3DqWP4Wp7dxctVm7VLiadcXm_gPic%26redir_esc%3Dy%23v%3Donepage%26q%3DRadha%2520goddess%26f%3Dfalse&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-10">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><span id="CITAREFKenoyer" class="citation">Kenoyer, J.M., <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.harappa.com/sites/default/files/pdf/Kenoyer1983_An%20Upper%20Palaeolithic%20Shrine%20in%20India.pdf"><i>An upper paleolithic shrine in India?</i></a></span><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fes.wikipedia.org%3AShaktismo&rft.au=Kenoyer%2C+J.M.&rft.aufirst=J.M.&rft.aulast=Kenoyer&rft.btitle=An+upper+paleolithic+shrine+in+India%3F&rft.genre=book&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.harappa.com%2Fsites%2Fdefault%2Ffiles%2Fpdf%2FKenoyer1983_An%2520Upper%2520Palaeolithic%2520Shrine%2520in%2520India.pdf&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-11">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><span id="CITAREFSingh2018-04-10" class="citation publicación">Singh, Akhileshwar (10 de abril de 2018). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://scientificresearchjournal.com/wp-content/uploads/2018/05/Social-Science-5_A-627-632-Full-Paper.pdf"><i>Goddess Durga: Origin, iconography and mythology</i></a> <b>5</b>. p. 6.</span><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fes.wikipedia.org%3AShaktismo&rft.au=Singh%2C+Akhileshwar&rft.aufirst=Akhileshwar&rft.aulast=Singh&rft.btitle=Goddess+Durga%3A+Origin%2C+iconography+and+mythology&rft.date=2018-04-10&rft.genre=book&rft.pages=6&rft.volume=5&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fscientificresearchjournal.com%2Fwp-content%2Fuploads%2F2018%2F05%2FSocial-Science-5_A-627-632-Full-Paper.pdf&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEMcDaniel200490-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">↑ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMcDaniel200490_12-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMcDaniel200490_12-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITAREFMcDaniel2004">McDaniel, 2004</a>, p. 90.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEBrown199826-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">↑ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBrown199826_13-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBrown199826_13-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITAREFBrown1998">Brown, 1998</a>, p. 26.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Hymn_125-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">↑ <a href="#cite_ref-Hymn_125_14-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Hymn_125_14-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/The_Rig_Veda/Mandala_10/Hymn_125">The Rig Veda/Mandala 10/Hymn 125</a> Ralph T.H. Griffith (Translator); for Sanskrit original see: <a class="external text" href="https://sa.wikisource.org/wiki/ऋग्वेद:_सूक्तं_१०.१२५">ऋग्वेद: सूक्तं १०.१२५</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-pauldeussen34-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-pauldeussen34_15-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><span id="CITAREFDeussen1980" class="citation libro">Deussen, Paul (1980). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=8mSpQo9q-tIC"><i>Sixty Upaniṣads of the Veda, Part 1</i></a>. Motilal Banarsidass. pp. 207-208, 211-213 verses 14-28. <small><a href="/wiki/ISBN" title="ISBN">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Especial:FuentesDeLibros/978-81-208-1468-4" title="Especial:FuentesDeLibros/978-81-208-1468-4">978-81-208-1468-4</a></small>.</span><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fes.wikipedia.org%3AShaktismo&rft.au=Deussen%2C+Paul&rft.aufirst=Paul&rft.aulast=Deussen&rft.btitle=Sixty+Upani%E1%B9%A3ads+of+the+Veda%2C+Part+1&rft.date=1980&rft.genre=book&rft.isbn=978-81-208-1468-4&rft.pages=207-208%2C+211-213+verses+14-28&rft.pub=Motilal+Banarsidass&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D8mSpQo9q-tIC&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-charleskenaprose-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-charleskenaprose_16-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Charles Johnston, Kena Upanishad in The Mukhya Upanishads: Books of Hidden Wisdom, (1920–1931), The Mukhya Upanishads, Kshetra Books, <a href="/wiki/ISBN" title="ISBN">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Especial:FuentesDeLibros/978-1-4959-4653-0" title="Especial:FuentesDeLibros/978-1-4959-4653-0">978-1-4959-4653-0</a> (Reprinted in 2014), <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.universaltheosophy.com/pdf-library/Kena%20Upanishad_Johnston.pdf">Archive of Kena Upanishad - Part 3 as published in Theosophical Quarterly, pages 229–232</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FulkersonBriggs139-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">↑ <a href="#cite_ref-FulkersonBriggs139_17-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FulkersonBriggs139_17-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><span id="CITAREFSaxena2012" class="citation libro">Saxena, N. B. (2012). Fulkerson, Mary McClintock; Briggs, Sheila, eds. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=_aBxZRMUHw0C"><i>The Oxford Handbook of Feminist Theology</i></a>. Oxford University Press. p. 139. <small><a href="/wiki/ISBN" title="ISBN">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Especial:FuentesDeLibros/978-0-19-927388-1" title="Especial:FuentesDeLibros/978-0-19-927388-1">978-0-19-927388-1</a></small>.</span><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fes.wikipedia.org%3AShaktismo&rft.au=Saxena%2C+N.+B.&rft.aufirst=N.+B.&rft.aulast=Saxena&rft.btitle=The+Oxford+Handbook+of+Feminist+Theology&rft.date=2012&rft.genre=book&rft.isbn=978-0-19-927388-1&rft.pages=139&rft.pub=Oxford+University+Press&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D_aBxZRMUHw0C&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTECoburn20027-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTECoburn20027_18-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITAREFCoburn2002">Coburn, 2002</a>, p. 7.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTECoburn199116-19"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTECoburn199116_19-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITAREFCoburn1991">Coburn, 1991</a>, p. 16.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEKrishna_Warrier1999-20"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEKrishna_Warrier1999_20-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITAREFKrishna_Warrier1999">Krishna Warrier, 1999</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEBhattacharyya1996-21"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBhattacharyya1996_21-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITAREFBhattacharyya1996">Bhattacharyya, 1996</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEDikshitar1999-22"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDikshitar1999_22-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITAREFDikshitar1999">Dikshitar, 1999</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEBrown1998-23"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBrown1998_23-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITAREFBrown1998">Brown, 1998</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEBrooks1990xvi-24"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBrooks1990xvi_24-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITAREFBrooks1990">Brooks, 1990</a>, pp. xvi.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEBrooks199037-38-25"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBrooks199037-38_25-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITAREFBrooks1990">Brooks, 1990</a>, pp. 37-38.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEBrooks1990221_with_note_64-26"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBrooks1990221_with_note_64_26-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITAREFBrooks1990">Brooks, 1990</a>, p. 221 with note 64.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEDasgupta19963-27"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDasgupta19963_27-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITAREFDasgupta1996">Dasgupta, 1996</a>, p. 3.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEBrooks1990xiii–xiv,_xvi,_21-28"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBrooks1990xiii–xiv,_xvi,_21_28-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITAREFBrooks1990">Brooks, 1990</a>, pp. xiii–xiv, xvi, 21.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-hughurban-29"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-hughurban_29-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Urban, Hugh B. (2003). Tantra: Sex, Secrecy, Politics and Power in the Study of Religion. Berkeley: University of California Press. <a href="/wiki/Especial:FuentesDeLibros/9780520936898" class="internal mw-magiclink-isbn">ISBN 978-0-520-93689-8</a>.</span> </li> </ol></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Bibliografía"><span id="Bibliograf.C3.ADa"></span>Bibliografía</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Shaktismo&action=edit&section=4" title="Editar sección: Bibliografía"><span>editar</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r159346827">.mw-parser-output .refbegin{font-size:90%;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul{margin-left:0}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul>li{margin-left:0;padding-left:3.2em;text-indent:-3.2em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents ul,.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents ul li{list-style:none}@media(max-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul>li{padding-left:1.6em;text-indent:-1.6em}}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns ul{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}</style><div class="refbegin refbegin-columns references-column-width" style="column-width: 30em"> <ul><li><span id="CITAREFBhattacharyya1996" class="citation libro">Bhattacharyya, N. N. (1996) [1974]. <i>History of the Sakta Religion</i> (2nd edición). New Delhi: <a href="/w/index.php?title=Munshiram_Manoharlal_Publishers&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Munshiram Manoharlal Publishers (aún no redactado)">Munshiram Manoharlal Publishers</a>.</span><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fes.wikipedia.org%3AShaktismo&rft.au=Bhattacharyya%2C+N.+N.&rft.aufirst=N.+N.&rft.aulast=Bhattacharyya&rft.btitle=History+of+the+Sakta+Religion&rft.date=1996&rft.edition=2nd&rft.genre=book&rft.place=New+Delhi&rft.pub=Munshiram+Manoharlal+Publishers&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></li> <li><span id="CITAREFBhattacharyya1977" class="citation libro">Bhattacharyya, N. N. (1977) [1970]. <i>The Indian Mother Goddess</i> (2nd edición). New Delhi: South Asia Books.</span><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fes.wikipedia.org%3AShaktismo&rft.au=Bhattacharyya%2C+N.+N.&rft.aufirst=N.+N.&rft.aulast=Bhattacharyya&rft.btitle=The+Indian+Mother+Goddess&rft.date=1977&rft.edition=2nd&rft.genre=book&rft.place=New+Delhi&rft.pub=South+Asia+Books&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></li> <li><span id="CITAREFBolon1992" class="citation libro">Bolon, Carol Radcliffe (1992). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/formsofgoddessla0000bolo"><i>Forms of the Goddess Lajja Gauri in Indian Art</i></a>. University Park, PA: <a href="/w/index.php?title=Penn_State_University_Press&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Penn State University Press (aún no redactado)">Penn State University Press</a>.</span><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fes.wikipedia.org%3AShaktismo&rft.au=Bolon%2C+Carol+Radcliffe&rft.aufirst=Carol+Radcliffe&rft.aulast=Bolon&rft.btitle=Forms+of+the+Goddess+Lajja+Gauri+in+Indian+Art&rft.date=1992&rft.genre=book&rft.place=University+Park%2C+PA&rft.pub=Penn+State+University+Press&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fformsofgoddessla0000bolo&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></li> <li><span id="CITAREFBrooks1990" class="citation libro">Brooks, Douglas Renfrew (1990). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/secretofthreecit0000broo"><i>The Secret of the Three Cities: An Introduction to Hindu Shakta Tantrism</i></a>. Chicago: <a href="/wiki/The_University_of_Chicago_Press" class="mw-redirect" title="The University of Chicago Press">The University of Chicago Press</a>. <small><a href="/wiki/ISBN" title="ISBN">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Especial:FuentesDeLibros/978-0-226-07569-3" title="Especial:FuentesDeLibros/978-0-226-07569-3">978-0-226-07569-3</a></small>.</span><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fes.wikipedia.org%3AShaktismo&rft.au=Brooks%2C+Douglas+Renfrew&rft.aufirst=Douglas+Renfrew&rft.aulast=Brooks&rft.btitle=The+Secret+of+the+Three+Cities%3A+An+Introduction+to+Hindu+Shakta+Tantrism&rft.date=1990&rft.genre=book&rft.isbn=978-0-226-07569-3&rft.place=Chicago&rft.pub=The+University+of+Chicago+Press&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fsecretofthreecit0000broo&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></li> <li><span id="CITAREFBrooks1992" class="citation libro">Brooks, Douglas Renfrew (1992). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/auspiciouswisdom0000broo"><i>Auspicious Wisdom: The Texts and Traditions of Srividya Shakta Tantrism in South India</i></a>. Albany: <a href="/w/index.php?title=State_University_of_New_York_Press&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="State University of New York Press (aún no redactado)">State University of New York Press</a>. <small><a href="/wiki/ISBN" title="ISBN">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Especial:FuentesDeLibros/978-0-7914-1146-9" title="Especial:FuentesDeLibros/978-0-7914-1146-9">978-0-7914-1146-9</a></small>.</span><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fes.wikipedia.org%3AShaktismo&rft.au=Brooks%2C+Douglas+Renfrew&rft.aufirst=Douglas+Renfrew&rft.aulast=Brooks&rft.btitle=Auspicious+Wisdom%3A+The+Texts+and+Traditions+of+Srividya+Shakta+Tantrism+in+South+India&rft.date=1992&rft.genre=book&rft.isbn=978-0-7914-1146-9&rft.place=Albany&rft.pub=State+University+of+New+York+Press&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fauspiciouswisdom0000broo&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></li> <li><span id="CITAREFBrown1991" class="citation libro">Brown, C. MacKenzie (1991). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=p6KumJp_wNgC"><i>The Triumph of the Goddess: The Canonical Models and Theological Issues of the Devi-Bhagavata Purana</i></a>. SUNY Series in Hindu Studies. State University of New York Press. <small><a href="/wiki/ISBN" title="ISBN">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Especial:FuentesDeLibros/978-0-7914-0364-8" title="Especial:FuentesDeLibros/978-0-7914-0364-8">978-0-7914-0364-8</a></small>.</span><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fes.wikipedia.org%3AShaktismo&rft.au=Brown%2C+C.+MacKenzie&rft.aufirst=C.+MacKenzie&rft.aulast=Brown&rft.btitle=The+Triumph+of+the+Goddess%3A+The+Canonical+Models+and+Theological+Issues+of+the+Devi-Bhagavata+Purana&rft.date=1991&rft.genre=book&rft.isbn=978-0-7914-0364-8&rft.pub=State+University+of+New+York+Press&rft.series=SUNY+Series+in+Hindu+Studies&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3Dp6KumJp_wNgC&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></li> <li><span id="CITAREFBrown1998" class="citation libro">Brown, C. Mackenzie (1998). <i>The Devi Gita: The Song of the Goddess: A Translation, Annotation and Commentary</i>. Albany: State University of New York Press. <small><a href="/wiki/ISBN" title="ISBN">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Especial:FuentesDeLibros/978-0-7914-3940-1" title="Especial:FuentesDeLibros/978-0-7914-3940-1">978-0-7914-3940-1</a></small>.</span><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fes.wikipedia.org%3AShaktismo&rft.au=Brown%2C+C.+Mackenzie&rft.aufirst=C.+Mackenzie&rft.aulast=Brown&rft.btitle=The+Devi+Gita%3A+The+Song+of+the+Goddess%3A+A+Translation%2C+Annotation+and+Commentary&rft.date=1998&rft.genre=book&rft.isbn=978-0-7914-3940-1&rft.place=Albany&rft.pub=State+University+of+New+York+Press&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></li> <li><span id="CITAREFBrown1998" class="citation libro">Brown, Cheever Mackenzie (1998). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=28CIEnZCcqMC"><i>The Devi Gita: The Song of the Goddess: A Translation, Annotation, and Commentary</i></a>. State University of New York Press. <small><a href="/wiki/ISBN" title="ISBN">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Especial:FuentesDeLibros/978-0-7914-3939-5" title="Especial:FuentesDeLibros/978-0-7914-3939-5">978-0-7914-3939-5</a></small>.</span><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fes.wikipedia.org%3AShaktismo&rft.au=Brown%2C+Cheever+Mackenzie&rft.aufirst=Cheever+Mackenzie&rft.aulast=Brown&rft.btitle=The+Devi+Gita%3A+The+Song+of+the+Goddess%3A+A+Translation%2C+Annotation%2C+and+Commentary&rft.date=1998&rft.genre=book&rft.isbn=978-0-7914-3939-5&rft.pub=State+University+of+New+York+Press&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D28CIEnZCcqMC&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></li> <li><span id="CITAREFCoburn1991" class="citation libro">Coburn, Thomas B. (1991). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=c7vIzNrC-coC"><i>Encountering the Goddess: A translation of the Devi-Mahatmya and a Study of Its Interpretation</i></a>. State University of New York Press. <small><a href="/wiki/ISBN" title="ISBN">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Especial:FuentesDeLibros/0791404463" title="Especial:FuentesDeLibros/0791404463">0791404463</a></small>.</span><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fes.wikipedia.org%3AShaktismo&rft.au=Coburn%2C+Thomas+B.&rft.aufirst=Thomas+B.&rft.aulast=Coburn&rft.btitle=Encountering+the+Goddess%3A+A+translation+of+the+Devi-Mahatmya+and+a+Study+of+Its+Interpretation&rft.date=1991&rft.genre=book&rft.isbn=0791404463&rft.pub=State+University+of+New+York+Press&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3Dc7vIzNrC-coC&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></li> <li><span id="CITAREFCoburn2002" class="citation libro">Coburn, Thomas B. (2002). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=hy9kf7_TOHgC"><i>Devī Māhātmya, The Crystallization of the Goddess Tradition</i></a>. South Asia Books. <small><a href="/wiki/ISBN" title="ISBN">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Especial:FuentesDeLibros/81-208-0557-7" title="Especial:FuentesDeLibros/81-208-0557-7">81-208-0557-7</a></small>.</span><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fes.wikipedia.org%3AShaktismo&rft.au=Coburn%2C+Thomas+B.&rft.aufirst=Thomas+B.&rft.aulast=Coburn&rft.btitle=Dev%C4%AB+M%C4%81h%C4%81tmya%2C+The+Crystallization+of+the+Goddess+Tradition&rft.date=2002&rft.genre=book&rft.isbn=81-208-0557-7&rft.pub=South+Asia+Books&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3Dhy9kf7_TOHgC&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></li> <li><span id="CITAREFDasgupta1996" class="citation libro">Dasgupta, S (1996). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=D8oJAQAAMAAJ"><i>Journal of the Indian Musicological Society</i></a>. 27–28. Indian Musicological Society.</span><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fes.wikipedia.org%3AShaktismo&rft.au=Dasgupta%2C+S&rft.aufirst=S&rft.aulast=Dasgupta&rft.btitle=Journal+of+the+Indian+Musicological+Society&rft.date=1996&rft.genre=book&rft.pub=Indian+Musicological+Society&rft.volume=27%E2%80%9328&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DD8oJAQAAMAAJ&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></li> <li><span id="CITAREFDempsey2006" class="citation libro">Dempsey, Corinne G. (2006). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/goddesslivesinup00cori"><i>The Goddess Lives in Upstate New York: Breaking Convention and Making Home at a North American Hindu Temple</i></a>. New York: <a href="/wiki/Oxford_University_Press" title="Oxford University Press">Oxford University Press</a>. <span style="font-size:0.95em; font-size:90%; color:var(--color-subtle, #555 )">(requiere registro)</span>.</span><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fes.wikipedia.org%3AShaktismo&rft.au=Dempsey%2C+Corinne+G.&rft.aufirst=Corinne+G.&rft.aulast=Dempsey&rft.btitle=The+Goddess+Lives+in+Upstate+New+York%3A+Breaking+Convention+and+Making+Home+at+a+North+American+Hindu+Temple&rft.date=2006&rft.genre=book&rft.place=New+York&rft.pub=Oxford+University+Press&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fgoddesslivesinup00cori&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></li> <li><span id="CITAREFDikshitar1999" class="citation libro">Dikshitar, V. R. Ramachandra (1999) [1942]. <i>The Lalita Cult</i>. Delhi: <a href="/w/index.php?title=Motilal_Banarsidass&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Motilal Banarsidass (aún no redactado)">Motilal Banarsidass</a>.</span><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fes.wikipedia.org%3AShaktismo&rft.au=Dikshitar%2C+V.+R.+Ramachandra&rft.aufirst=V.+R.+Ramachandra&rft.aulast=Dikshitar&rft.btitle=The+Lalita+Cult&rft.date=1999&rft.genre=book&rft.place=Delhi&rft.pub=Motilal+Banarsidass&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></li> <li><span id="CITAREFErndl1992" class="citation libro">Erndl, Kathleen M. (1992). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/victorytomothert00ernd"><i>Victory to the Mother: The Hindu Goddess of Northwest India in Myth, Ritual, and Symbol</i></a>. New York: Oxford University Press. <span style="font-size:0.95em; font-size:90%; color:var(--color-subtle, #555 )">(requiere registro)</span>.</span><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fes.wikipedia.org%3AShaktismo&rft.au=Erndl%2C+Kathleen+M.&rft.aufirst=Kathleen+M.&rft.aulast=Erndl&rft.btitle=Victory+to+the+Mother%3A+The+Hindu+Goddess+of+Northwest+India+in+Myth%2C+Ritual%2C+and+Symbol&rft.date=1992&rft.genre=book&rft.place=New+York&rft.pub=Oxford+University+Press&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fvictorytomothert00ernd&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></li> <li><span id="CITAREFFell_McDermett1998" class="citation libro">Fell McDermett, Rachel (1998). «The Western Kali». En Hawley, John; Wulff, Donna Marie, eds. <i>Devi: Goddesses of India</i>. Motilal Banarsidass. <small><a href="/wiki/ISBN" title="ISBN">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Especial:FuentesDeLibros/978-81-208-1491-2" title="Especial:FuentesDeLibros/978-81-208-1491-2">978-81-208-1491-2</a></small>.</span><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fes.wikipedia.org%3AShaktismo&rft.atitle=Devi%3A+Goddesses+of+India&rft.au=Fell+McDermett%2C+Rachel&rft.aufirst=Rachel&rft.aulast=Fell+McDermett&rft.btitle=The+Western+Kali&rft.date=1998&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.isbn=978-81-208-1491-2&rft.pub=Motilal+Banarsidass&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></li> <li><span id="CITAREFFoulstonAbbott2009" class="citation libro">Foulston, Lynn; Abbott, Stuart (2009). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/hindugoddessesbe0000foul"><i>Hindu Goddesses: Beliefs and Practices</i></a>. Sussex Academic Press. <small><a href="/wiki/ISBN" title="ISBN">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Especial:FuentesDeLibros/978-1-902210-43-8" title="Especial:FuentesDeLibros/978-1-902210-43-8">978-1-902210-43-8</a></small>. <span style="font-size:0.95em; font-size:90%; color:var(--color-subtle, #555 )">(requiere registro)</span>.</span><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fes.wikipedia.org%3AShaktismo&rft.au=Abbott%2C+Stuart&rft.au=Foulston%2C+Lynn&rft.aufirst=Lynn&rft.aulast=Foulston&rft.btitle=Hindu+Goddesses%3A+Beliefs+and+Practices&rft.date=2009&rft.genre=book&rft.isbn=978-1-902210-43-8&rft.pub=Sussex+Academic+Press&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fhindugoddessesbe0000foul&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></li> <li><span id="CITAREFHawley1998" class="citation libro">Hawley, John Stratton (1998). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=CZrV3kOpMt0C">«The Goddess in India»</a>. En Hawley, John; Wulff, Donna Marie, eds. <i>Devi: Goddesses of India</i>. Motilal Banarsidass. <small><a href="/wiki/ISBN" title="ISBN">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Especial:FuentesDeLibros/978-81-208-1491-2" title="Especial:FuentesDeLibros/978-81-208-1491-2">978-81-208-1491-2</a></small>.</span><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fes.wikipedia.org%3AShaktismo&rft.atitle=Devi%3A+Goddesses+of+India&rft.au=Hawley%2C+John+Stratton&rft.aufirst=John+Stratton&rft.aulast=Hawley&rft.btitle=The+Goddess+in+India&rft.date=1998&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.isbn=978-81-208-1491-2&rft.pub=Motilal+Banarsidass&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DCZrV3kOpMt0C&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></li> <li><span id="CITAREFHiltebeitelErndl2000" class="citation libro">Hiltebeitel, Alf; Erndl, Kathleen M. (2000). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=sQJzTr4c-g4C"><i>Is the Goddess a Feminist?: The Politics of South Asian Goddesses</i></a>. New York University Press. <small><a href="/wiki/ISBN" title="ISBN">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Especial:FuentesDeLibros/978-0-8147-3619-7" title="Especial:FuentesDeLibros/978-0-8147-3619-7">978-0-8147-3619-7</a></small>.</span><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fes.wikipedia.org%3AShaktismo&rft.au=Erndl%2C+Kathleen+M.&rft.au=Hiltebeitel%2C+Alf&rft.aufirst=Alf&rft.aulast=Hiltebeitel&rft.btitle=Is+the+Goddess+a+Feminist%3F%3A+The+Politics+of+South+Asian+Goddesses&rft.date=2000&rft.genre=book&rft.isbn=978-0-8147-3619-7&rft.pub=New+York+University+Press&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DsQJzTr4c-g4C&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></li> <li><span id="CITAREFJoshi2002" class="citation libro">Joshi, M. C. 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New Delhi: Indigo Books.</span><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fes.wikipedia.org%3AShaktismo&rft.au=Kapoor%2C+Subodh&rft.aufirst=Subodh&rft.aulast=Kapoor&rft.btitle=A+Short+Introduction+to+Sakta+Philosophy&rft.date=2002&rft.genre=book&rft.place=New+Delhi&rft.pub=Indigo+Books&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></li> <li><span id="CITAREFKinsley1987" class="citation libro">Kinsley, David (1987). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/hindugoddessesvi0000kins_s3o9"><i>Hindu Goddesses: Visions of the Divine Feminine in the Hindu Religious Tradition</i></a>. Motilal Banarsidass. <small><a href="/wiki/ISBN" title="ISBN">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Especial:FuentesDeLibros/978-81-208-0394-7" title="Especial:FuentesDeLibros/978-81-208-0394-7">978-81-208-0394-7</a></small>.</span><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fes.wikipedia.org%3AShaktismo&rft.au=Kinsley%2C+David&rft.aufirst=David&rft.aulast=Kinsley&rft.btitle=Hindu+Goddesses%3A+Visions+of+the+Divine+Feminine+in+the+Hindu+Religious+Tradition&rft.date=1987&rft.genre=book&rft.isbn=978-81-208-0394-7&rft.pub=Motilal+Banarsidass&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fhindugoddessesvi0000kins_s3o9&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></li> <li><span id="CITAREFKinsley1998" class="citation libro">Kinsley, David (1998). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/tantricvisionsof0000kins"><i>Tantric Visions of the Divine Feminine: The Ten Mahavidyas</i></a>. Motilal Banarsidass. <small><a href="/wiki/ISBN" title="ISBN">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Especial:FuentesDeLibros/978-81-208-1523-0" title="Especial:FuentesDeLibros/978-81-208-1523-0">978-81-208-1523-0</a></small>.</span><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fes.wikipedia.org%3AShaktismo&rft.au=Kinsley%2C+David&rft.aufirst=David&rft.aulast=Kinsley&rft.btitle=Tantric+Visions+of+the+Divine+Feminine%3A+The+Ten+Mahavidyas&rft.date=1998&rft.genre=book&rft.isbn=978-81-208-1523-0&rft.pub=Motilal+Banarsidass&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Ftantricvisionsof0000kins&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></li> <li><span id="CITAREFKrishna_Warrier1999" class="citation libro">Krishna Warrier, A. J. (1999) [1967]. <i>The Sākta Upaniṣads</i>. The Adyar Library and Research Center, Library Series <b>89</b> (3rd. edición). Chennai: Vasanta Press.</span><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fes.wikipedia.org%3AShaktismo&rft.au=Krishna+Warrier%2C+A.+J.&rft.aufirst=A.+J.&rft.aulast=Krishna+Warrier&rft.btitle=The+S%C4%81kta+Upani%E1%B9%A3ads&rft.date=1999&rft.edition=3rd.&rft.genre=book&rft.place=Chennai&rft.pub=Vasanta+Press&rft.series=The+Adyar+Library+and+Research+Center%2C+Library+Series&rft.volume=89&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></li> <li>Manna, Sibendu. Mother Goddess, Chaṇḍī. Punthi Pustak, Calcutta, 1993. (<a href="/wiki/ISBN" title="ISBN">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Especial:FuentesDeLibros/81-85094-60-8" title="Especial:FuentesDeLibros/81-85094-60-8">81-85094-60-8</a>)</li> <li><span id="CITAREFMcDaniel2004" class="citation libro">McDaniel, June (2004). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=caeJpIj9SdkC"><i>Offering Flowers, Feeding Skulls</i></a>. Oxford University Press. <small><a href="/wiki/ISBN" title="ISBN">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Especial:FuentesDeLibros/978-0-19-534713-5" title="Especial:FuentesDeLibros/978-0-19-534713-5">978-0-19-534713-5</a></small>.</span><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fes.wikipedia.org%3AShaktismo&rft.au=McDaniel%2C+June&rft.aufirst=June&rft.aulast=McDaniel&rft.btitle=Offering+Flowers%2C+Feeding+Skulls&rft.date=2004&rft.genre=book&rft.isbn=978-0-19-534713-5&rft.pub=Oxford+University+Press&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DcaeJpIj9SdkC&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></li> <li><span id="CITAREFMcDermott2005" class="citation enciclopedia">McDermott, Rachel Fell (2005). «Bengali religions». En Lindsay Jones, ed. <i>Encyclopedia of Religion: 15 Volume Set</i> <b>2</b> (2nd edición). Detroit, Mi: MacMillan Reference USA. pp. 824-832. <small><a href="/wiki/ISBN" title="ISBN">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Especial:FuentesDeLibros/0-02-865735-7" title="Especial:FuentesDeLibros/0-02-865735-7">0-02-865735-7</a></small>.</span><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fes.wikipedia.org%3AShaktismo&rft.atitle=Encyclopedia+of+Religion%3A+15+Volume+Set&rft.au=McDermott%2C+Rachel+Fell&rft.aufirst=Rachel+Fell&rft.aulast=McDermott&rft.btitle=Bengali+religions&rft.date=2005&rft.edition=2nd&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.isbn=0-02-865735-7&rft.pages=824-832&rft.place=Detroit%2C+Mi&rft.pub=MacMillan+Reference+USA&rft.volume=2&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></li> <li>Nanda, Jyotir Maya. <i>Mysticism of the Devi Mahatmya Worship of the Divine Mother</i>. South Miami, Fla: Yoga Research Foundation, 1994. <a href="/wiki/ISBN" title="ISBN">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Especial:FuentesDeLibros/0-934664-58-7" title="Especial:FuentesDeLibros/0-934664-58-7">0-934664-58-7</a></li> <li><span id="CITAREFNikhilananda2000" class="citation libro">Nikhilananda, Swami (trans.) (2000) [1942]. <i><a href="/w/index.php?title=The_Gospel_of_Sri_Ramakrishna&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="The Gospel of Sri Ramakrishna (aún no redactado)">The Gospel of Sri Ramakrishna</a></i> (9th edición). New York: Ramakrishna-Vivekananda Center.</span><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fes.wikipedia.org%3AShaktismo&rft.au=Nikhilananda%2C+Swami+%28trans.%29&rft.aufirst=Swami+%28trans.%29&rft.aulast=Nikhilananda&rft.btitle=The+Gospel+of+Sri+Ramakrishna&rft.date=2000&rft.edition=9th&rft.genre=book&rft.place=New+York&rft.pub=Ramakrishna-Vivekananda+Center&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></li> <li><span id="CITAREFPattanaik2000" class="citation libro"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Devdutt_Pattanaik&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Devdutt Pattanaik (aún no redactado)">Pattanaik, Devdutt</a> (2000). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/liang.2639.devimothergoddes0000patt"><i>Devi the Mother-Goddess: An Introduction</i></a>. Mumbai: Vakils, Feffer and Simons Ltd.</span><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fes.wikipedia.org%3AShaktismo&rft.au=Pattanaik%2C+Devdutt&rft.aufirst=Devdutt&rft.aulast=Pattanaik&rft.btitle=Devi+the+Mother-Goddess%3A+An+Introduction&rft.date=2000&rft.genre=book&rft.place=Mumbai&rft.pub=Vakils%2C+Feffer+and+Simons+Ltd.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fliang.2639.devimothergoddes0000patt&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></li> <li><span id="CITAREFPechilis2004" class="citation libro">Pechilis, Karen (ed.) (2004). <i>The Graceful Guru: Hindu Female Gurus in India and the United States</i>. New York: Oxford University Press.</span><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fes.wikipedia.org%3AShaktismo&rft.au=Pechilis%2C+Karen+%28ed.%29&rft.aufirst=Karen+%28ed.%29&rft.aulast=Pechilis&rft.btitle=The+Graceful+Guru%3A+Hindu+Female+Gurus+in+India+and+the+United+States&rft.date=2004&rft.genre=book&rft.place=New+York&rft.pub=Oxford+University+Press&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></li> <li><span id="CITAREFSubramuniyaswami2002" class="citation libro">Subramuniyaswami, Satguru Sivaya (2002) [1999]. <i>Merging with Siva: Hinduism's Contemporary Metaphysics</i> (2nd edición). Hawaii: Himalayan Academy. <small><a href="/wiki/ISBN" title="ISBN">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Especial:FuentesDeLibros/978-0-945497-99-8" title="Especial:FuentesDeLibros/978-0-945497-99-8">978-0-945497-99-8</a></small>.</span><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fes.wikipedia.org%3AShaktismo&rft.au=Subramuniyaswami%2C+Satguru+Sivaya&rft.aufirst=Satguru+Sivaya&rft.aulast=Subramuniyaswami&rft.btitle=Merging+with+Siva%3A+Hinduism%27s+Contemporary+Metaphysics&rft.date=2002&rft.edition=2nd&rft.genre=book&rft.isbn=978-0-945497-99-8&rft.place=Hawaii&rft.pub=Himalayan+Academy&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></li> <li><span id="CITAREFWhite2003" class="citation libro">White, David Gordon (2003). <i>Kiss of the Yogini: "Tantric Sex" in its South Asian Contexts</i>. Chicago: University of Chicago Press. <small><a href="/wiki/ISBN" title="ISBN">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Especial:FuentesDeLibros/978-0-226-89483-6" title="Especial:FuentesDeLibros/978-0-226-89483-6">978-0-226-89483-6</a></small>.</span><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fes.wikipedia.org%3AShaktismo&rft.au=White%2C+David+Gordon&rft.aufirst=David+Gordon&rft.aulast=White&rft.btitle=Kiss+of+the+Yogini%3A+%22Tantric+Sex%22+in+its+South+Asian+Contexts&rft.date=2003&rft.genre=book&rft.isbn=978-0-226-89483-6&rft.place=Chicago&rft.pub=University+of+Chicago+Press&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></li> <li><span id="CITAREFWoodroffe1951" class="citation libro">Woodroffe, Sir John (1951) [1927]. <i>Sakti and Sakta: Essays and Addresses on the Shâkta Tantrashâstra</i>. Ganesh & Company. <small><a href="/wiki/ISBN" title="ISBN">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Especial:FuentesDeLibros/978-1-60620-145-9" title="Especial:FuentesDeLibros/978-1-60620-145-9">978-1-60620-145-9</a></small>.</span><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fes.wikipedia.org%3AShaktismo&rft.au=Woodroffe%2C+Sir+John&rft.aufirst=Sir+John&rft.aulast=Woodroffe&rft.btitle=Sakti+and+Sakta%3A+Essays+and+Addresses+on+the+Sh%C3%A2kta+Tantrash%C3%A2stra&rft.date=1951&rft.genre=book&rft.isbn=978-1-60620-145-9&rft.pub=Ganesh+%26+Company&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></li> <li><span id="CITAREFYadav2001" class="citation libro">Yadav, Neeta (2001). <i>Ardhanārīśvara in Art and Literature</i>. New Delhi: D. K. Printworld (P) Ltd.</span><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fes.wikipedia.org%3AShaktismo&rft.au=Yadav%2C+Neeta&rft.aufirst=Neeta&rft.aulast=Yadav&rft.btitle=Ardhan%C4%81r%C4%AB%C5%9Bvara+in+Art+and+Literature&rft.date=2001&rft.genre=book&rft.place=New+Delhi&rft.pub=D.+K.+Printworld+%28P%29+Ltd.&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></li> <li><span id="CITAREFJohnsen2002" class="citation libro">Johnsen, Linda (2002). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=UnLSNBBW5wcC"><i>The Living Goddess: Reclaiming the Tradition of the Mother of the Universe</i></a>. Yes International. <small><a href="/wiki/ISBN" title="ISBN">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Especial:FuentesDeLibros/978-0-936663-28-9" title="Especial:FuentesDeLibros/978-0-936663-28-9">978-0-936663-28-9</a></small>.</span><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fes.wikipedia.org%3AShaktismo&rft.au=Johnsen%2C+Linda&rft.aufirst=Linda&rft.aulast=Johnsen&rft.btitle=The+Living+Goddess%3A+Reclaiming+the+Tradition+of+the+Mother+of+the+Universe&rft.date=2002&rft.genre=book&rft.isbn=978-0-936663-28-9&rft.pub=Yes+International&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DUnLSNBBW5wcC&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></li> <li><span id="CITAREFJoshi1998" class="citation libro">Joshi, L. M. (1998). <i>Lalita Sahasranama: A Comprehensive Study of the One Thousand Names of Lalita Maha-tripurasundari</i>. New Delhi: D.K. Printworld (P) Ltd.</span><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fes.wikipedia.org%3AShaktismo&rft.au=Joshi%2C+L.+M.&rft.aufirst=L.+M.&rft.aulast=Joshi&rft.btitle=Lalita+Sahasranama%3A+A+Comprehensive+Study+of+the+One+Thousand+Names+of+Lalita+Maha-tripurasundari&rft.date=1998&rft.genre=book&rft.place=New+Delhi&rft.pub=D.K.+Printworld+%28P%29+Ltd&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></li> <li><span id="CITAREFPintchman2005" class="citation libro">Pintchman, Tracy (2005). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=3KcEotmV2MAC"><i>Guests at God's Wedding: Celebrating Kartik among the Women of Benares</i></a>. State University of New York Press. <small><a href="/wiki/ISBN" title="ISBN">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Especial:FuentesDeLibros/978-0-7914-6595-0" title="Especial:FuentesDeLibros/978-0-7914-6595-0">978-0-7914-6595-0</a></small>.</span><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fes.wikipedia.org%3AShaktismo&rft.au=Pintchman%2C+Tracy&rft.aufirst=Tracy&rft.aulast=Pintchman&rft.btitle=Guests+at+God%27s+Wedding%3A+Celebrating+Kartik+among+the+Women+of+Benares&rft.date=2005&rft.genre=book&rft.isbn=978-0-7914-6595-0&rft.pub=State+University+of+New+York+Press&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D3KcEotmV2MAC&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></li> <li><span id="CITAREFPintchman2014" class="citation libro">Pintchman, Tracy (2014). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=JfXdGInecRIC"><i>Seeking Mahadevi: Constructing the Identities of the Hindu Great Goddess</i></a>. State University of New York Press. <small><a href="/wiki/ISBN" title="ISBN">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Especial:FuentesDeLibros/978-0-7914-9049-5" title="Especial:FuentesDeLibros/978-0-7914-9049-5">978-0-7914-9049-5</a></small>.</span><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fes.wikipedia.org%3AShaktismo&rft.au=Pintchman%2C+Tracy&rft.aufirst=Tracy&rft.aulast=Pintchman&rft.btitle=Seeking+Mahadevi%3A+Constructing+the+Identities+of+the+Hindu+Great+Goddess&rft.date=2014&rft.genre=book&rft.isbn=978-0-7914-9049-5&rft.pub=State+University+of+New+York+Press&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DJfXdGInecRIC&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></li> <li><span id="CITAREFPintchman2015" class="citation libro">Pintchman, Tracy (2015). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=JsDpBwAAQBAJ"><i>The Rise of the Goddess in the Hindu Tradition</i></a>. State University of New York Press. <small><a href="/wiki/ISBN" title="ISBN">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Especial:FuentesDeLibros/978-1-4384-1618-2" title="Especial:FuentesDeLibros/978-1-4384-1618-2">978-1-4384-1618-2</a></small>.</span><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fes.wikipedia.org%3AShaktismo&rft.au=Pintchman%2C+Tracy&rft.aufirst=Tracy&rft.aulast=Pintchman&rft.btitle=The+Rise+of+the+Goddess+in+the+Hindu+Tradition&rft.date=2015&rft.genre=book&rft.isbn=978-1-4384-1618-2&rft.pub=State+University+of+New+York+Press&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DJsDpBwAAQBAJ&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></li> <li><span id="CITAREFRocher1986" class="citation libro"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ludo_Rocher&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ludo Rocher (aún no redactado)">Rocher, Ludo</a> (1986). <i>The Puranas</i>. Otto Harrassowitz Verlag. <small><a href="/wiki/ISBN" title="ISBN">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Especial:FuentesDeLibros/978-3447025225" title="Especial:FuentesDeLibros/978-3447025225">978-3447025225</a></small>.</span><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fes.wikipedia.org%3AShaktismo&rft.au=Rocher%2C+Ludo&rft.aufirst=Ludo&rft.aulast=Rocher&rft.btitle=The+Puranas&rft.date=1986&rft.genre=book&rft.isbn=978-3447025225&rft.pub=Otto+Harrassowitz+Verlag&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></li> <li><span id="CITAREFSarma2001" class="citation libro">Sarma, S. A. (2001). <i>Kena Upanisad: A Study From Sakta Perspective</i>. Mumbai: <a href="/w/index.php?title=Bharatiya_Vidya_Bhavan&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Bharatiya Vidya Bhavan (aún no redactado)">Bharatiya Vidya Bhavan</a>.</span><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fes.wikipedia.org%3AShaktismo&rft.au=Sarma%2C+S.+A.&rft.aufirst=S.+A.&rft.aulast=Sarma&rft.btitle=Kena+Upanisad%3A+A+Study+From+Sakta+Perspective&rft.date=2001&rft.genre=book&rft.place=Mumbai&rft.pub=Bharatiya+Vidya+Bhavan&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></li> <li><span id="CITAREFShankarnarayanan2002b" class="citation libro">Shankarnarayanan, S. (2002b) [1971]. <i>Sri Chakra</i> (4th edición). Chennai: Samata Books.</span><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fes.wikipedia.org%3AShaktismo&rft.au=Shankarnarayanan%2C+S.&rft.aufirst=S.&rft.aulast=Shankarnarayanan&rft.btitle=Sri+Chakra&rft.date=2002b&rft.edition=4th&rft.genre=book&rft.place=Chennai&rft.pub=Samata+Books&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></li> <li><span id="CITAREFSmith2006" class="citation libro">Smith, Frederick M. (2006). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/selfpossesseddei0000smit"><i>The Self Possessed: Deity and Spirit Possession in South Asian Literature</i></a>. <a href="/wiki/Columbia_University_Press" title="Columbia University Press">Columbia University Press</a>. <small><a href="/wiki/ISBN" title="ISBN">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Especial:FuentesDeLibros/0-231-13748-6" title="Especial:FuentesDeLibros/0-231-13748-6">0-231-13748-6</a></small>.</span><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fes.wikipedia.org%3AShaktismo&rft.au=Smith%2C+Frederick+M.&rft.aufirst=Frederick+M.&rft.aulast=Smith&rft.btitle=The+Self+Possessed%3A+Deity+and+Spirit+Possession+in+South+Asian+Literature&rft.date=2006&rft.genre=book&rft.isbn=0-231-13748-6&rft.pub=Columbia+University+Press&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fselfpossesseddei0000smit&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></li> <li><span id="CITAREFSuryanarayana_Murthy2000" class="citation libro">Suryanarayana Murthy, C. (2000) [1962]. <i>Sri Lalita Sahasranama with Introduction and Commentary</i>. Mumbai: Bharatiya Vidya Bhavan.</span><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fes.wikipedia.org%3AShaktismo&rft.au=Suryanarayana+Murthy%2C+C.&rft.aufirst=C.&rft.aulast=Suryanarayana+Murthy&rft.btitle=Sri+Lalita+Sahasranama+with+Introduction+and+Commentary&rft.date=2000&rft.genre=book&rft.place=Mumbai&rft.pub=Bharatiya+Vidya+Bhavan&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></li> <li><span id="CITAREFUrban2003" class="citation libro">Urban, Hugh B. (2003). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/tantrasexsecrecy0000urba"><i>Tantra: Sex, Secrecy, Politics and Power in the Study of Religion</i></a>. Berkeley: University of California Press. <small><a href="/wiki/ISBN" title="ISBN">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Especial:FuentesDeLibros/978-0-520-93689-8" title="Especial:FuentesDeLibros/978-0-520-93689-8">978-0-520-93689-8</a></small>.</span><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fes.wikipedia.org%3AShaktismo&rft.au=Urban%2C+Hugh+B.&rft.aufirst=Hugh+B.&rft.aulast=Urban&rft.btitle=Tantra%3A+Sex%2C+Secrecy%2C+Politics+and+Power+in+the+Study+of+Religion&rft.date=2003&rft.genre=book&rft.isbn=978-0-520-93689-8&rft.place=Berkeley&rft.pub=University+of+California+Press&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Ftantrasexsecrecy0000urba&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></li> <li><span id="CITAREFWinternitz1973" class="citation libro">Winternitz, M. (1973) [1927]. <i>History of Indian Literature</i>. New Delhi.</span><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fes.wikipedia.org%3AShaktismo&rft.au=Winternitz%2C+M.&rft.aufirst=M.&rft.aulast=Winternitz&rft.btitle=History+of+Indian+Literature&rft.date=1973&rft.genre=book&rft.place=New+Delhi&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></li></ul> </div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r161257576">.mw-parser-output .mw-authority-control{margin-top:1.5em}.mw-parser-output .mw-authority-control .navbox table{margin:0}.mw-parser-output .mw-authority-control .navbox hr:last-child{display:none}.mw-parser-output .mw-authority-control .navbox+.mw-mf-linked-projects{display:none}.mw-parser-output .mw-authority-control .mw-mf-linked-projects{display:flex;padding:0.5em;border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#a2a9b1);background-color:var(--background-color-neutral,#eaecf0);color:var(--color-base,#202122)}.mw-parser-output .mw-authority-control .mw-mf-linked-projects 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/></a></span> Datos:</span> <span class="uid"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q849345" class="extiw" title="wikidata:Q849345">Q849345</a></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Wikimedia_Commons" title="Commonscat"><img alt="Commonscat" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/15px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="20" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/23px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/30px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></a></span> Multimedia:</span> <span class="uid"><span class="plainlinks"><a class="external text" href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Shaktism">Shaktism</a></span> / <span class="plainlinks"><a class="external text" href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MediaSearch?type=image&search=%22Q849345%22">Q849345</a></span></span></li></ul> <hr /> <ul><li><b>Identificadores</b></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Biblioteca_Nacional_de_Francia" title="Biblioteca Nacional de Francia">BNF</a>:</span> <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb119461410">119461410</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://data.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb119461410">(data)</a></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Gemeinsame_Normdatei" title="Gemeinsame Normdatei">GND</a>:</span> <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://d-nb.info/gnd/4179345-6">4179345-6</a></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Biblioteca_Nacional_de_la_Rep%C3%BAblica_Checa" title="Biblioteca Nacional de la República Checa">NKC</a>:</span> <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://aleph.nkp.cz/F/?func=find-c&local_base=aut&ccl_term=ica=ph116399">ph116399</a></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Biblioteca_Nacional_de_Israel" title="Biblioteca Nacional de Israel">NLI</a>:</span> <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nli.org.il/en/authorities/987007536324005171">987007536324005171</a></span></li> <li><b>Diccionarios y enciclopedias</b></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Enciclopedia_Brit%C3%A1nica" title="Enciclopedia Británica">Britannica</a>:</span> <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.britannica.com/topic/Shaktism">url</a></span></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div><div class="mw-mf-linked-projects hlist"> <ul><li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Wikidata" title="Wikidata"><img alt="Wd" 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