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bridge - How is the communication between northbridge and southbridge like? - Super User

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href="/questions/464416/how-is-the-communication-between-northbridge-and-southbridge-like" class="question-hyperlink">How is the communication between northbridge and southbridge like?</a></h1> <div class="ml12 aside-cta flex--item sm:ml0 sm:mb12 sm:order-first d-flex jc-end"> <div class="ml12 aside-cta flex--item print:d-none"> <a href="/questions/ask" class="ws-nowrap s-btn s-btn__filled"> Ask Question </a> </div> </div> </div> <div class="d-flex fw-wrap pb8 mb16 bb bc-black-200"> <div class="flex--item ws-nowrap mr16 mb8" title="2012-08-21 14:50:09Z"> <span class="fc-black-400 mr2">Asked</span> <time itemprop="dateCreated" datetime="2012-08-21T14:50:09">12 years, 4 months ago</time> </div> <div class="flex--item ws-nowrap mr16 mb8"> <span class="fc-black-400 mr2">Modified</span> <a href="?lastactivity" class="s-link s-link__inherit" title="2012-08-21 15:13:36Z">12 years, 4 months ago</a> </div> <div class="flex--item ws-nowrap mb8" title="Viewed 10,411 times"> <span 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</div> <div class="postcell post-layout--right"> <div class="s-prose js-post-body" itemprop="text"> <p>How is the connection/communication between northbridge and southbridge like?</p> <ol> <li><p>It seems that data must pass from the CPU to the northbridge, and then again over a PCI bus to the southbridge, based on a picture from <a href="http://en.kioskea.net/contents/pc/bus.php3" rel="nofollow noreferrer">http://en.kioskea.net/contents/pc/bus.php3</a></p> <p><img src="https://i.sstatic.net/FbIXB.png" alt="enter image description here"></p></li> <li><p>It seems that data pass from the CPU to the northbridge, and then again over a internal bus to the southbridge, based on a picture from <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Motherboard#Integrated_peripherals" rel="nofollow noreferrer">http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Motherboard#Integrated_peripherals</a></p> <p><img src="https://i.sstatic.net/e0gJX.png" alt="enter image description here"></p></li> </ol> <p>So the two seem to agree with each other. I wonder which one is correct?</p> <p>Thanks!</p> </div> <div class="mt24 mb12"> <div class="post-taglist d-flex gs4 gsy fd-column"> <div class="d-flex ps-relative fw-wrap"> <ul class='ml0 list-ls-none js-post-tag-list-wrapper d-inline'><li class='d-inline mr4 js-post-tag-list-item'><a href="/questions/tagged/bridge" class="s-tag post-tag" title="show questions tagged &#39;bridge&#39;" aria-label="show questions tagged &#39;bridge&#39;" rel="tag" aria-labelledby="tag-bridge-tooltip-container" data-tag-menu-origin="Unknown">bridge</a></li><li class='d-inline mr4 js-post-tag-list-item'><a href="/questions/tagged/bus" class="s-tag post-tag" title="show questions tagged &#39;bus&#39;" aria-label="show questions tagged &#39;bus&#39;" rel="tag" aria-labelledby="tag-bus-tooltip-container" data-tag-menu-origin="Unknown">bus</a></li></ul> </div> </div> </div> <div class="mb0 "> <div class="mt16 d-flex gs8 gsy fw-wrap jc-end ai-start pt4 mb16"> <div class="flex--item mr16 fl1 w96"> <div 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itemprop="commentCount">1</span> <div class="post-layout--right js-post-comments-component"> <div id="comments-464416" class="comments js-comments-container bt bc-black-200 mt12 " data-post-id="464416" data-min-length="15"> <ul class="comments-list js-comments-list" data-remaining-comments-count="0" data-canpost="false" data-cansee="true" data-comments-unavailable="false" data-addlink-disabled="true"> <li id="comment-545802" class="comment js-comment " data-comment-id="545802" data-comment-owner-id="43749" data-comment-score="0"> <div class="js-comment-actions comment-actions"> <div class="comment-score js-comment-score js-comment-edit-hide"> </div> </div> <div class="comment-text js-comment-text-and-form"> <div class="comment-body js-comment-edit-hide"> <span class="comment-copy">Not every chipset architecture is identical...</span> <div class="d-inline-flex ai-center"> &ndash;&nbsp;<a href="/users/43749/shinrai" title="18,828 reputation" class="comment-user">Shinrai</a> </div> <span class="comment-date" dir="ltr"> <span class="v-visible-sr">Commented</span> <span title='2012-08-21 15:12:45Z, License: CC BY-SA 3.0' class='relativetime-clean'>Aug 21, 2012 at 15:12</span> </span> <span title="this comment was edited 1 time"> <svg aria-hidden="true" class="va-text-bottom o50 svg-icon iconPencilSm" width="14" height="14" viewBox="0 0 14 14"><path fill="#F1B600" d="m2 10.12 6.37-6.43 1.88 1.88L3.88 12H2z"/><path fill="#E87C87" d="m11.1 1.71 1.13 1.12c.2.2.2.51 0 .71L11.1 4.7 9.21 2.86l1.17-1.15c.2-.2.51-.2.71 0"/></svg> </span> </div> </div> </li> </ul> </div> <div id="comments-link-464416" data-rep=50 data-anon=true> <a class="js-add-link comments-link disabled-link" title="Use comments to ask for more information or suggest improvements. 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height="36" viewBox="0 0 36 36"><path d="m6 14 8 8L30 6v8L14 30l-8-8z"/></svg> </div> </div> <a class="js-post-issue flex--item s-btn s-btn__unset c-pointer py6 mx-auto" href="/posts/464422/timeline" data-shortcut="T" data-ks-title="timeline" data-controller="s-tooltip" data-s-tooltip-placement="right" title="Show activity on this post." aria-label="Timeline"><svg aria-hidden="true" class="mln2 mr0 svg-icon iconHistory" width="19" height="18" viewBox="0 0 19 18"><path d="M3 9a8 8 0 1 1 3.73 6.77L8.2 14.3A6 6 0 1 0 5 9l3.01-.01-4 4-4-4zm7-4h1.01L11 9.36l3.22 2.1-.6.93L10 10z"/></svg></a> </div> </div> <div class="answercell post-layout--right"> <div class="s-prose js-post-body" itemprop="text"> <p>Both answers are correct, although answer 2 is the modern implementation.</p> <p>Answer 1 shows why do we call the components northbridge and southbridge: One used to lay on one side of PCI bus, and another used to lay on another side of the bus, while the bus was an essential part of the computer, similarly to equator on earth. Recently, however, Intel and AMD optimized this connection and so there is a proprietary connection between the northbridge and the southbridge. It's marked as internal connection on the second diagram.</p> <p>Intel's internal connection is called <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Direct_Media_Interface" rel="nofollow noreferrer">Direct Media Interface</a>, and connects memory controller hub (MCH, in the northbridge, and recently in CPUs) with the I/O controller hub (ICH9, in the southbridge) <a href="http://www.intel.com/Assets/PDF/datasheet/316966.pdf" rel="nofollow noreferrer">proved in 1.3.3 Direct Media Interface</a></p> <p>AMD employs solution called <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/UMI_AMD" rel="nofollow noreferrer">Unified Media Interface</a>, as shown on the diagram on page 4 <a href="http://www.amd.com/us/Documents/RSeries_ProductBrief.pdf" rel="nofollow noreferrer">of the product brief</a></p> <p>So yes, data passes through front side bus, either <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Intel_QuickPath_Interconnect" rel="nofollow noreferrer">QPI for Intel</a> or <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/HyperTransport" rel="nofollow noreferrer">HT for AMD</a>, and then through the internal bus to the southbridge</p> </div> <div class="mt24"> <div class="d-flex fw-wrap ai-start jc-end gs8 gsy"> <time itemprop="dateCreated" datetime="2012-08-21T15:13:36"></time> <div class="flex--item mr16" style="flex: 1 1 100px;"> <div class="js-post-menu pt2" data-post-id="464422" data-post-type-id="2"> <div class="d-flex gs8 s-anchors s-anchors__muted fw-wrap"> <div class="flex--item"> <a href="/a/464422" rel="nofollow" itemprop="url" class="js-share-link js-gps-track" title="Short permalink to this answer" data-gps-track="post.click({ item: 2, priv: 0, post_type: 2 })" data-controller="se-share-sheet" data-se-share-sheet-title="Share a link to this answer" data-se-share-sheet-subtitle="" data-se-share-sheet-post-type="answer" data-se-share-sheet-social="facebook twitter " data-se-share-sheet-location="2" data-se-share-sheet-license-url="https%3a%2f%2fcreativecommons.org%2flicenses%2fby-sa%2f3.0%2f" data-se-share-sheet-license-name="CC BY-SA 3.0" data-s-popover-placement="bottom-start">Share</a> </div> <div class="flex--item"> <a href="/posts/464422/edit" class="js-suggest-edit-post js-gps-track" data-gps-track="post.click({ item: 6, priv: 0, post_type: 2 })" title="">Improve this answer</a> </div> <div class="flex--item"> <button type="button" id="btnFollowPost-464422" class="s-btn s-btn__link js-follow-post js-follow-answer js-gps-track" data-gps-track="post.click({ item: 14, priv: 0, post_type: 2 })" data-controller="s-tooltip " data-s-tooltip-placement="bottom" data-s-popover-placement="bottom" aria-controls="" title="Follow this answer to receive notifications"> Follow <input type="hidden" id="voteFollowHash" value="68:3:31e,16:2cbff89bb9cc8b76,10:1734495646,16:3497c3cb948a618e,6:464422,74468899d98b43613beae833948ccb0db1c0b312bc468d439647d77128cb4160" /> </button> </div> </div> <div class="js-menu-popup-container"></div> </div> </div> <div class="post-signature flex--item fl0"> <div class="user-info user-hover "> <div class="d-flex "> <div class="user-action-time fl-grow1"> answered <span title='2012-08-21 15:13:36Z' class='relativetime'>Aug 21, 2012 at 15:13</span> </div> </div> <div class="user-gravatar32"> <a href="/users/115227/amadeusz-wieczorek"><div class="gravatar-wrapper-32"><img src="https://i.sstatic.net/O0vQh.jpg?s=64" alt="Amadeusz Wieczorek&#39;s user avatar" width="32" height="32" class="bar-sm"></div></a> </div> <div class="user-details" itemprop="author" itemscope itemtype="http://schema.org/Person"> <a href="/users/115227/amadeusz-wieczorek">Amadeusz Wieczorek</a><span class="d-none" itemprop="name">Amadeusz Wieczorek</span> <div class="-flair"> <span class="reputation-score" title="reputation score " dir="ltr">948</span><span title="7 silver badges" aria-hidden="true"><span class="badge2"></span><span class="badgecount">7</span></span><span class="v-visible-sr">7 silver badges</span><span title="14 bronze badges" aria-hidden="true"><span class="badge3"></span><span class="badgecount">14</span></span><span class="v-visible-sr">14 bronze badges</span> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <span class="d-none" itemprop="commentCount"></span> <div class="post-layout--right js-post-comments-component"> <div id="comments-464422" class="comments js-comments-container bt bc-black-200 mt12 dno" data-post-id="464422" data-min-length="15"> <ul class="comments-list js-comments-list" data-remaining-comments-count="0" data-canpost="false" data-cansee="true" data-comments-unavailable="false" data-addlink-disabled="true"> </ul> </div> <div id="comments-link-464422" data-rep=50 data-anon=true> <a class="js-add-link comments-link disabled-link" title="Use comments to ask for more information or suggest improvements. 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For any given model, one of them <em>might</em> be correct. Many modern motherboards don't even have a Northbridge...</p> <p>From <a href="http://www.tomshardware.com/reviews/full-power,490-2.html" rel="nofollow noreferrer">Chipset Basics: Meaning And Functions - Tom's Hardware</a>:</p> <blockquote> <p><strong>For years, the PCI bus was used as the connection to the Southbridge</strong>. However, its bandwidth is no longer sufficient for today's requirements, so the chip makers all offer their own solutions (e.g., VIA's V-Link, SiS's MuLTIOL, Intel's i-Link and AMD/NVIDIA's HyperTransport).</p> <p><strong>Currently, the Southbridge contains at least a PCI controller</strong>, floppy/ IDE/ hard disk controllers, serial and parallel ports, USB support and power management functions. 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t=e.originalEvent.dataTransfer.files;FileReader&&t&&1===t.length&&(this.$fileUploaderInput.files=t,this.validateFileInput()&&this.updateImagePreview(t))}setError(e){this.$fileErrorMessage.parentElement.classList.toggle("has-error",e)}updateImagePreview(e){this.$imageUploader.classList.remove("p16","ba","bas-dashed","bc-black-100"),this.$clearImageUpload.classList.remove("d-none"),this.$imageUploaderText.classList.add("d-none");var t=new FileReader;t.onload=e=>{null!=e.target&&(this.$imageUploaderPreview.setAttribute("src",e.target.result),this.$imageUploaderPreview.classList.remove("d-none"))},t.readAsDataURL(e[0])}validateFileInput(){if(this.ignoreValidation)return!0;const e=this.cam.opt.adReportFileTypeErrorMessage,t=this.cam.opt.adReportFileSizeErrorMessage;if(null==this.$fileUploaderInput.files)return!1;var s=this.$fileUploaderInput.files[0];return 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s=t.getBoundingClientRect();if(s.top>=0&&s.left>=0&&s.bottom<=(window.innerHeight||document.documentElement.clientHeight)&&s.right<=(window.innerWidth||document.documentElement.clientWidth))return!0}return!1}}var r=(e=>(e.Off="Off",e.PreSurvey="PreSurvey",e.Collect="Collect",e.PostSurvey="PostSurvey",e))(r||{});class d{constructor(e,t){this.lineItemImpressions=[],this.surveysIdsCompleted=[],this.lineItemImpressions=e,this.surveysIdsCompleted=t}addImpression(e,t){let s={brandId:e,lineItemId:t,timestamp:new Date};this.lineItemImpressions.push(s)}addBrandSurveyCompleted(e){-1===this.surveysIdsCompleted.indexOf(e)&&this.surveysIdsCompleted.push(e)}getTotalBrandImpressions(){let e=new Map;for(let t of this.lineItemImpressions)if(e.has(t.brandId)){let s=e.get(t.brandId);e.set(t.brandId,s+1)}else e.set(t.brandId,1);return e}getBrandLineItemImpressions(e){let t={};for(let s of this.lineItemImpressions)if(s.brandId==e)if(void 0!==t[s.lineItemId]){let e=t[s.lineItemId];t[s.lineItemId]=e+1}else 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Rolling the dice...");const t=Math.floor(100*Math.random())+1;if(e.cM("Rolled "+t+" and the max is "+this.clc_options.tgt_p),t>this.clc_options.tgt_p)return void e.cM("Will not request targeting.")}return e.cM("Will request targeting."),function(e,t,s,n){if(t){const t=new Headers;return t.append("Accept","application/json"),async function(e,t={},s=5e3){if("number"!=typeof s&&null!=s&&!1!==s){if("string"!=typeof s)throw new Error("fetchWithTimeout: timeout must be a number");if(s=parseInt(s),isNaN(s))throw new Error("fetchWithTimeout: timeout must be a number (or string that can be parsed to a number)")}const n=new AbortController,{signal:o}=n,a=fetch(e,{...t,signal:o}),i=setTimeout(()=>n.abort(),s);try{const e=await a;return clearTimeout(i),e}catch(e){throw clearTimeout(i),e}}(s+"?"+new URLSearchParams({omni:e}),{method:"GET",mode:"cors",headers:t},n).then(e=>e.json())}return Promise.reject("No consent")}(this.opt.omni,this.opt.targeting_consent,this.clc_options.tgt_u,this.clc_options.tgt_to).catch(t=>{e.vU("Error fetching user account targeting"),e.vU(t)})}e.cM("Targeting disabled. 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