CINXE.COM

<!DOCTYPE html> <html class="client-nojs vector-feature-language-in-header-enabled vector-feature-language-in-main-page-header-disabled vector-feature-page-tools-pinned-disabled vector-feature-toc-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-main-menu-pinned-disabled vector-feature-limited-width-clientpref-1 vector-feature-limited-width-content-enabled vector-feature-custom-font-size-clientpref-1 vector-feature-appearance-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-night-mode-enabled skin-theme-clientpref-day vector-sticky-header-enabled vector-toc-available" lang="en" dir="ltr"> <head> <meta charset="UTF-8"> <title>Timeline of the Kurdistan Workers' Party insurgency (1978–2015) - Wikipedia</title> <script>(function(){var className="client-js vector-feature-language-in-header-enabled vector-feature-language-in-main-page-header-disabled vector-feature-page-tools-pinned-disabled vector-feature-toc-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-main-menu-pinned-disabled vector-feature-limited-width-clientpref-1 vector-feature-limited-width-content-enabled vector-feature-custom-font-size-clientpref-1 vector-feature-appearance-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-night-mode-enabled skin-theme-clientpref-day vector-sticky-header-enabled vector-toc-available";var cookie=document.cookie.match(/(?:^|; )enwikimwclientpreferences=([^;]+)/);if(cookie){cookie[1].split('%2C').forEach(function(pref){className=className.replace(new RegExp('(^| )'+pref.replace(/-clientpref-\w+$|[^\w-]+/g,'')+'-clientpref-\\w+( |$)'),'$1'+pref+'$2');});}document.documentElement.className=className;}());RLCONF={"wgBreakFrames":false,"wgSeparatorTransformTable":["",""],"wgDigitTransformTable":["",""],"wgDefaultDateFormat":"dmy", "wgMonthNames":["","January","February","March","April","May","June","July","August","September","October","November","December"],"wgRequestId":"9b1c0ed4-1b5f-4758-807e-5a3f1b0a1e86","wgCanonicalNamespace":"","wgCanonicalSpecialPageName":false,"wgNamespaceNumber":0,"wgPageName":"Timeline_of_the_Kurdistan_Workers'_Party_insurgency_(1978–2015)","wgTitle":"Timeline of the Kurdistan Workers' Party insurgency (1978–2015)","wgCurRevisionId":1271964999,"wgRevisionId":1271964999,"wgArticleId":24225498,"wgIsArticle":true,"wgIsRedirect":false,"wgAction":"view","wgUserName":null,"wgUserGroups":["*"],"wgCategories":["CS1 Turkish-language sources (tr)","Webarchive template wayback links","All articles with dead external links","Articles with dead external links from November 2023","Articles with permanently dead external links","Articles with dead external links from January 2020","Articles with short description","Short description is different from Wikidata","Use mdy dates from April 2012", "All articles with unsourced statements","Articles with unsourced statements from October 2007","Articles with unsourced statements from July 2021","History of the Kurdistan Workers' Party","Terrorist incidents in Asia in the 1980s","Terrorist incidents in Asia in the 1990s","Terrorist incidents in Asia in the 2000s","Terrorist incidents in Asia in the 2010s","History of the Kurdish people","Politics of Kurdistan Region (Iraq)","Wars involving Turkey","Kurdish–Turkish conflict (1978–present)","Timelines of 20th-century military conflicts","Timelines of 21st-century military conflicts"],"wgPageViewLanguage":"en","wgPageContentLanguage":"en","wgPageContentModel":"wikitext","wgRelevantPageName":"Timeline_of_the_Kurdistan_Workers'_Party_insurgency_(1978–2015)","wgRelevantArticleId":24225498,"wgIsProbablyEditable":true,"wgRelevantPageIsProbablyEditable":true,"wgRestrictionEdit":[],"wgRestrictionMove":[],"wgRedirectedFrom":"Operation_Arslan_Kulaksız","wgNoticeProject":"wikipedia", "wgCiteReferencePreviewsActive":false,"wgFlaggedRevsParams":{"tags":{"status":{"levels":1}}},"wgMediaViewerOnClick":true,"wgMediaViewerEnabledByDefault":true,"wgPopupsFlags":0,"wgVisualEditor":{"pageLanguageCode":"en","pageLanguageDir":"ltr","pageVariantFallbacks":"en"},"wgMFDisplayWikibaseDescriptions":{"search":true,"watchlist":true,"tagline":false,"nearby":true},"wgWMESchemaEditAttemptStepOversample":false,"wgWMEPageLength":70000,"wgInternalRedirectTargetUrl":"/wiki/Timeline_of_the_Kurdistan_Workers%27_Party_insurgency_(1978%E2%80%932015)","wgEditSubmitButtonLabelPublish":true,"wgULSPosition":"interlanguage","wgULSisCompactLinksEnabled":false,"wgVector2022LanguageInHeader":true,"wgULSisLanguageSelectorEmpty":false,"wgWikibaseItemId":"Q12811307","wgCheckUserClientHintsHeadersJsApi":["brands","architecture","bitness","fullVersionList","mobile","model","platform","platformVersion"],"GEHomepageSuggestedEditsEnableTopics":true,"wgGETopicsMatchModeEnabled":false, "wgGEStructuredTaskRejectionReasonTextInputEnabled":false,"wgGELevelingUpEnabledForUser":false};RLSTATE={"ext.globalCssJs.user.styles":"ready","site.styles":"ready","user.styles":"ready","ext.globalCssJs.user":"ready","user":"ready","user.options":"loading","ext.cite.styles":"ready","skins.vector.search.codex.styles":"ready","skins.vector.styles":"ready","skins.vector.icons":"ready","jquery.makeCollapsible.styles":"ready","ext.wikimediamessages.styles":"ready","ext.visualEditor.desktopArticleTarget.noscript":"ready","ext.uls.interlanguage":"ready","wikibase.client.init":"ready","ext.wikimediaBadges":"ready"};RLPAGEMODULES=["mediawiki.action.view.redirect","ext.cite.ux-enhancements","mediawiki.page.media","site","mediawiki.page.ready","jquery.makeCollapsible","mediawiki.toc","skins.vector.js","ext.centralNotice.geoIP","ext.centralNotice.startUp","ext.gadget.ReferenceTooltips","ext.gadget.switcher","ext.urlShortener.toolbar","ext.centralauth.centralautologin","mmv.bootstrap","ext.popups" ,"ext.visualEditor.desktopArticleTarget.init","ext.visualEditor.targetLoader","ext.echo.centralauth","ext.eventLogging","ext.wikimediaEvents","ext.navigationTiming","ext.uls.interface","ext.cx.eventlogging.campaigns","ext.cx.uls.quick.actions","wikibase.client.vector-2022","ext.checkUser.clientHints","ext.growthExperiments.SuggestedEditSession"];</script> <script>(RLQ=window.RLQ||[]).push(function(){mw.loader.impl(function(){return["user.options@12s5i",function($,jQuery,require,module){mw.user.tokens.set({"patrolToken":"+\\","watchToken":"+\\","csrfToken":"+\\"}); }];});});</script> <link rel="stylesheet" href="/w/load.php?lang=en&modules=ext.cite.styles%7Cext.uls.interlanguage%7Cext.visualEditor.desktopArticleTarget.noscript%7Cext.wikimediaBadges%7Cext.wikimediamessages.styles%7Cjquery.makeCollapsible.styles%7Cskins.vector.icons%2Cstyles%7Cskins.vector.search.codex.styles%7Cwikibase.client.init&only=styles&skin=vector-2022"> <script async="" src="/w/load.php?lang=en&modules=startup&only=scripts&raw=1&skin=vector-2022"></script> <meta name="ResourceLoaderDynamicStyles" content=""> <link rel="stylesheet" href="/w/load.php?lang=en&modules=site.styles&only=styles&skin=vector-2022"> <meta name="generator" content="MediaWiki 1.44.0-wmf.17"> <meta name="referrer" content="origin"> <meta name="referrer" content="origin-when-cross-origin"> <meta name="robots" content="max-image-preview:standard"> <meta name="format-detection" content="telephone=no"> <meta property="og:image" content="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/44/Pkk_supporters_london_april_2003.jpg/1200px-Pkk_supporters_london_april_2003.jpg"> <meta property="og:image:width" content="1200"> <meta property="og:image:height" content="399"> <meta property="og:image" content="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/44/Pkk_supporters_london_april_2003.jpg/800px-Pkk_supporters_london_april_2003.jpg"> <meta property="og:image:width" content="800"> <meta property="og:image:height" content="266"> <meta property="og:image" content="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/44/Pkk_supporters_london_april_2003.jpg/640px-Pkk_supporters_london_april_2003.jpg"> <meta property="og:image:width" content="640"> <meta property="og:image:height" content="213"> <meta name="viewport" content="width=1120"> <meta property="og:title" content="Timeline of the Kurdistan Workers' Party insurgency (1978–2015) - Wikipedia"> <meta property="og:type" content="website"> <link rel="preconnect" href="//upload.wikimedia.org"> <link rel="alternate" media="only screen and (max-width: 640px)" href="//en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Timeline_of_the_Kurdistan_Workers%27_Party_insurgency_(1978%E2%80%932015)"> <link rel="alternate" type="application/x-wiki" title="Edit this page" href="/w/index.php?title=Timeline_of_the_Kurdistan_Workers%27_Party_insurgency_(1978%E2%80%932015)&action=edit"> <link rel="apple-touch-icon" href="/static/apple-touch/wikipedia.png"> <link rel="icon" href="/static/favicon/wikipedia.ico"> <link rel="search" type="application/opensearchdescription+xml" href="/w/rest.php/v1/search" title="Wikipedia (en)"> <link rel="EditURI" type="application/rsd+xml" href="//en.wikipedia.org/w/api.php?action=rsd"> <link rel="canonical" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Timeline_of_the_Kurdistan_Workers%27_Party_insurgency_(1978%E2%80%932015)"> <link rel="license" href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/deed.en"> <link rel="alternate" type="application/atom+xml" title="Wikipedia Atom feed" href="/w/index.php?title=Special:RecentChanges&feed=atom"> <link rel="dns-prefetch" href="//meta.wikimedia.org" /> <link rel="dns-prefetch" href="login.wikimedia.org"> </head> <body class="skin--responsive skin-vector skin-vector-search-vue mediawiki ltr sitedir-ltr mw-hide-empty-elt ns-0 ns-subject mw-editable page-Timeline_of_the_Kurdistan_Workers_Party_insurgency_1978–2015 rootpage-Timeline_of_the_Kurdistan_Workers_Party_insurgency_1978–2015 skin-vector-2022 action-view"><a class="mw-jump-link" href="#bodyContent">Jump to content</a> <div class="vector-header-container"> <header class="vector-header mw-header"> <div class="vector-header-start"> <nav class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="Site"> <div id="vector-main-menu-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-main-menu-dropdown vector-button-flush-left vector-button-flush-right" title="Main menu" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-main-menu-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-main-menu-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Main menu" > <label id="vector-main-menu-dropdown-label" for="vector-main-menu-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-menu mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-menu"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Main menu</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-main-menu-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> <div id="vector-main-menu" class="vector-main-menu vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-main-menu-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-unpinned" data-feature-name="main-menu-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-main-menu" data-pinned-container-id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-main-menu-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Main menu</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-main-menu.pin">move to sidebar</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-main-menu.unpin">hide</button> </div> <div id="p-navigation" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-navigation" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Navigation </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="n-mainpage-description" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Main_Page" title="Visit the main page [z]" accesskey="z"><span>Main page</span></a></li><li id="n-contents" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Contents" title="Guides to browsing Wikipedia"><span>Contents</span></a></li><li id="n-currentevents" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Portal:Current_events" title="Articles related to current events"><span>Current events</span></a></li><li id="n-randompage" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:Random" title="Visit a randomly selected article [x]" accesskey="x"><span>Random article</span></a></li><li id="n-aboutsite" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:About" title="Learn about Wikipedia and how it works"><span>About Wikipedia</span></a></li><li id="n-contactpage" class="mw-list-item"><a href="//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Contact_us" title="How to contact Wikipedia"><span>Contact us</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-interaction" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-interaction" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Contribute </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="n-help" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Help:Contents" title="Guidance on how to use and edit Wikipedia"><span>Help</span></a></li><li id="n-introduction" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Help:Introduction" title="Learn how to edit Wikipedia"><span>Learn to edit</span></a></li><li id="n-portal" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Community_portal" title="The hub for editors"><span>Community portal</span></a></li><li id="n-recentchanges" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:RecentChanges" title="A list of recent changes to Wikipedia [r]" accesskey="r"><span>Recent changes</span></a></li><li id="n-upload" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:File_upload_wizard" title="Add images or other media for use on Wikipedia"><span>Upload file</span></a></li><li id="n-specialpages" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:SpecialPages"><span>Special pages</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <a href="/wiki/Main_Page" class="mw-logo"> <img class="mw-logo-icon" src="/static/images/icons/wikipedia.png" alt="" aria-hidden="true" height="50" width="50"> <span class="mw-logo-container skin-invert"> <img class="mw-logo-wordmark" alt="Wikipedia" src="/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-wordmark-en.svg" style="width: 7.5em; height: 1.125em;"> <img class="mw-logo-tagline" alt="The Free Encyclopedia" src="/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-tagline-en.svg" width="117" height="13" style="width: 7.3125em; height: 0.8125em;"> </span> </a> </div> <div class="vector-header-end"> <div id="p-search" role="search" class="vector-search-box-vue vector-search-box-collapses vector-search-box-show-thumbnail vector-search-box-auto-expand-width vector-search-box"> <a href="/wiki/Special:Search" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only search-toggle" title="Search Wikipedia [f]" accesskey="f"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-search mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-search"></span> <span>Search</span> </a> <div class="vector-typeahead-search-container"> <div class="cdx-typeahead-search cdx-typeahead-search--show-thumbnail cdx-typeahead-search--auto-expand-width"> <form action="/w/index.php" id="searchform" class="cdx-search-input cdx-search-input--has-end-button"> <div id="simpleSearch" class="cdx-search-input__input-wrapper" data-search-loc="header-moved"> <div class="cdx-text-input cdx-text-input--has-start-icon"> <input class="cdx-text-input__input" type="search" name="search" placeholder="Search Wikipedia" aria-label="Search Wikipedia" autocapitalize="sentences" title="Search Wikipedia [f]" accesskey="f" id="searchInput" > <span class="cdx-text-input__icon cdx-text-input__start-icon"></span> </div> <input type="hidden" name="title" value="Special:Search"> </div> <button class="cdx-button cdx-search-input__end-button">Search</button> </form> </div> </div> </div> <nav class="vector-user-links vector-user-links-wide" aria-label="Personal tools"> <div class="vector-user-links-main"> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-preferences" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-userpage" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="Appearance"> <div id="vector-appearance-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown " title="Change the appearance of the page's font size, width, and color" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-appearance-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-appearance-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Appearance" > <label id="vector-appearance-dropdown-label" for="vector-appearance-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-appearance mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-appearance"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Appearance</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-notifications" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-overflow" class="vector-menu mw-portlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="https://donate.wikimedia.org/?wmf_source=donate&wmf_medium=sidebar&wmf_campaign=en.wikipedia.org&uselang=en" class=""><span>Donate</span></a> </li> <li id="pt-createaccount-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=Special:CreateAccount&returnto=Timeline+of+the+Kurdistan+Workers%27+Party+insurgency+%281978%E2%80%932015%29" title="You are encouraged to create an account and log in; however, it is not mandatory" class=""><span>Create account</span></a> </li> <li id="pt-login-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=Special:UserLogin&returnto=Timeline+of+the+Kurdistan+Workers%27+Party+insurgency+%281978%E2%80%932015%29" title="You're encouraged to log in; however, it's not mandatory. [o]" accesskey="o" class=""><span>Log in</span></a> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> <div id="vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-user-menu vector-button-flush-right vector-user-menu-logged-out" title="Log in and more options" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Personal tools" > <label id="vector-user-links-dropdown-label" for="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-ellipsis mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-ellipsis"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Personal tools</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-personal" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-personal user-links-collapsible-item" title="User menu" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="https://donate.wikimedia.org/?wmf_source=donate&wmf_medium=sidebar&wmf_campaign=en.wikipedia.org&uselang=en"><span>Donate</span></a></li><li id="pt-createaccount" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:CreateAccount&returnto=Timeline+of+the+Kurdistan+Workers%27+Party+insurgency+%281978%E2%80%932015%29" title="You are encouraged to create an account and log in; however, it is not mandatory"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-userAdd mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-userAdd"></span> <span>Create account</span></a></li><li id="pt-login" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:UserLogin&returnto=Timeline+of+the+Kurdistan+Workers%27+Party+insurgency+%281978%E2%80%932015%29" title="You're encouraged to log in; however, it's not mandatory. [o]" accesskey="o"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-logIn mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-logIn"></span> <span>Log in</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-user-menu-anon-editor" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-user-menu-anon-editor" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Pages for logged out editors <a href="/wiki/Help:Introduction" aria-label="Learn more about editing"><span>learn more</span></a> </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-anoncontribs" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:MyContributions" title="A list of edits made from this IP address [y]" accesskey="y"><span>Contributions</span></a></li><li id="pt-anontalk" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:MyTalk" title="Discussion about edits from this IP address [n]" accesskey="n"><span>Talk</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </header> </div> <div class="mw-page-container"> <div class="mw-page-container-inner"> <div class="vector-sitenotice-container"> <div id="siteNotice"></div> </div> <div class="vector-column-start"> <div class="vector-main-menu-container"> <div id="mw-navigation"> <nav id="mw-panel" class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="Site"> <div id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav id="mw-panel-toc" aria-label="Contents" data-event-name="ui.sidebar-toc" class="mw-table-of-contents-container vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-toc-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-toc" class="vector-toc vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-toc-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="toc-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-toc" > <h2 class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Contents</h2> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.pin">move to sidebar</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.unpin">hide</button> </div> <ul class="vector-toc-contents" id="mw-panel-toc-list"> <li id="toc-mw-content-text" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a href="#" class="vector-toc-link"> <div class="vector-toc-text">(Top)</div> </a> </li> <li id="toc-Background_(1920–1974)" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Background_(1920–1974)"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1</span> <span>Background (1920–1974)</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Background_(1920–1974)-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-1974–1984:_Rise_of_PKK" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#1974–1984:_Rise_of_PKK"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>1974–1984: Rise of PKK</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-1974–1984:_Rise_of_PKK-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-1984–1999" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#1984–1999"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>1984–1999</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-1984–1999-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle 1984–1999 subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-1984–1999-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-1990" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#1990"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.1</span> <span>1990</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-1990-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-1991" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#1991"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.2</span> <span>1991</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-1991-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-1992" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#1992"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.3</span> <span>1992</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-1992-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-1993" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#1993"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.4</span> <span>1993</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-1993-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-1994" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#1994"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.5</span> <span>1994</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-1994-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-1995" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#1995"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.6</span> <span>1995</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-1995-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-1996" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#1996"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.7</span> <span>1996</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-1996-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-1997" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#1997"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.8</span> <span>1997</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-1997-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-1998" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#1998"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.9</span> <span>1998</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-1998-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-1999" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#1999"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.10</span> <span>1999</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-1999-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-1999–2004:_Ceasefire" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#1999–2004:_Ceasefire"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>1999–2004: Ceasefire</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-1999–2004:_Ceasefire-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-2004–2012" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#2004–2012"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>2004–2012</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-2004–2012-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle 2004–2012 subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-2004–2012-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-2005" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#2005"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.1</span> <span>2005</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-2005-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-2006" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#2006"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.2</span> <span>2006</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-2006-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-2007" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#2007"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.3</span> <span>2007</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-2007-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-2008" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#2008"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.4</span> <span>2008</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-2008-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-2009" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#2009"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.5</span> <span>2009</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-2009-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-2010" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#2010"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.6</span> <span>2010</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-2010-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-2011" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#2011"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.7</span> <span>2011</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-2011-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-2012" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#2012"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.8</span> <span>2012</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-2012-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-2013–2015:_Peace_process" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#2013–2015:_Peace_process"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>2013–2015: Peace process</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-2013–2015:_Peace_process-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle 2013–2015: Peace process subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-2013–2015:_Peace_process-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-2012_2" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#2012_2"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.1</span> <span>2012</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-2012_2-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-2013" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#2013"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.2</span> <span>2013</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-2013-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-2014" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#2014"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.3</span> <span>2014</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-2014-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Early_2015" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Early_2015"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.4</span> <span>Early 2015</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Early_2015-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>See also</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9</span> <span>External links</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" title="Table of Contents" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Toggle the table of contents</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Timeline of the Kurdistan Workers' Party insurgency (1978–2015)</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 2 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-2" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">2 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AC%D8%AF%D9%88%D9%84_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B2%D9%85%D9%86%D9%8A_%D9%84%D9%84%D9%86%D8%B2%D8%A7%D8%B9_%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%83%D8%B1%D8%AF%D9%8A_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AA%D8%B1%D9%83%D9%8A_(1978_%D8%AD%D8%AA%D9%89_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A2%D9%86)" title="الجدول الزمني للنزاع الكردي التركي (1978 حتى الآن) – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="الجدول الزمني للنزاع الكردي التركي (1978 حتى الآن)" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/PKK_sald%C4%B1r%C4%B1lar%C4%B1_ve_%C3%A7at%C4%B1%C5%9Fmalar%C4%B1_kronolojisi" title="PKK saldırıları ve çatışmaları kronolojisi – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="PKK saldırıları ve çatışmaları kronolojisi" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q12811307#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Edit interlanguage links" class="wbc-editpage">Edit links</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="Namespaces"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-nstab-main" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_the_Kurdistan_Workers%27_Party_insurgency_(1978%E2%80%932015)" title="View the content page [c]" accesskey="c"><span>Article</span></a></li><li id="ca-talk" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Talk:Timeline_of_the_Kurdistan_Workers%27_Party_insurgency_(1978%E2%80%932015)" rel="discussion" title="Discuss improvements to the content page [t]" accesskey="t"><span>Talk</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown emptyPortlet" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Change language variant" > <label id="vector-variants-dropdown-label" for="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">English</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-variants" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-variants emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> <div id="right-navigation" class="vector-collapsible"> <nav aria-label="Views"> <div id="p-views" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-views" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-view" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_the_Kurdistan_Workers%27_Party_insurgency_(1978%E2%80%932015)"><span>Read</span></a></li><li id="ca-edit" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Timeline_of_the_Kurdistan_Workers%27_Party_insurgency_(1978%E2%80%932015)&action=edit" title="Edit this page [e]" accesskey="e"><span>Edit</span></a></li><li id="ca-history" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Timeline_of_the_Kurdistan_Workers%27_Party_insurgency_(1978%E2%80%932015)&action=history" title="Past revisions of this page [h]" accesskey="h"><span>View history</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Page tools"> <div id="vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-tools-dropdown" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Tools" > <label id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-label" for="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Tools</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> <div id="vector-page-tools" class="vector-page-tools vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-page-tools-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-unpinned" data-feature-name="page-tools-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-page-tools" data-pinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Tools</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.pin">move to sidebar</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.unpin">hide</button> </div> <div id="p-cactions" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-cactions emptyPortlet vector-has-collapsible-items" title="More options" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Actions </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-more-view" class="selected vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_the_Kurdistan_Workers%27_Party_insurgency_(1978%E2%80%932015)"><span>Read</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-edit" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Timeline_of_the_Kurdistan_Workers%27_Party_insurgency_(1978%E2%80%932015)&action=edit" title="Edit this page [e]" accesskey="e"><span>Edit</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-history" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Timeline_of_the_Kurdistan_Workers%27_Party_insurgency_(1978%E2%80%932015)&action=history"><span>View history</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-tb" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-tb" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> General </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="t-whatlinkshere" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:WhatLinksHere/Timeline_of_the_Kurdistan_Workers%27_Party_insurgency_(1978%E2%80%932015)" title="List of all English Wikipedia pages containing links to this page [j]" accesskey="j"><span>What links here</span></a></li><li id="t-recentchangeslinked" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:RecentChangesLinked/Timeline_of_the_Kurdistan_Workers%27_Party_insurgency_(1978%E2%80%932015)" rel="nofollow" title="Recent changes in pages linked from this page [k]" accesskey="k"><span>Related changes</span></a></li><li id="t-upload" class="mw-list-item"><a href="//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:File_Upload_Wizard" title="Upload files [u]" accesskey="u"><span>Upload file</span></a></li><li id="t-permalink" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Timeline_of_the_Kurdistan_Workers%27_Party_insurgency_(1978%E2%80%932015)&oldid=1271964999" title="Permanent link to this revision of this page"><span>Permanent link</span></a></li><li id="t-info" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Timeline_of_the_Kurdistan_Workers%27_Party_insurgency_(1978%E2%80%932015)&action=info" title="More information about this page"><span>Page information</span></a></li><li id="t-cite" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:CiteThisPage&page=Timeline_of_the_Kurdistan_Workers%27_Party_insurgency_%281978%E2%80%932015%29&id=1271964999&wpFormIdentifier=titleform" title="Information on how to cite this page"><span>Cite this page</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:UrlShortener&url=https%3A%2F%2Fen.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2FTimeline_of_the_Kurdistan_Workers%2527_Party_insurgency_%281978%25E2%2580%25932015%29"><span>Get shortened URL</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener-qrcode" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:QrCode&url=https%3A%2F%2Fen.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2FTimeline_of_the_Kurdistan_Workers%2527_Party_insurgency_%281978%25E2%2580%25932015%29"><span>Download QR code</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-coll-print_export" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-coll-print_export" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Print/export </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="coll-download-as-rl" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:DownloadAsPdf&page=Timeline_of_the_Kurdistan_Workers%27_Party_insurgency_%281978%E2%80%932015%29&action=show-download-screen" title="Download this page as a PDF file"><span>Download as PDF</span></a></li><li id="t-print" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Timeline_of_the_Kurdistan_Workers%27_Party_insurgency_(1978%E2%80%932015)&printable=yes" title="Printable version of this page [p]" accesskey="p"><span>Printable version</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-wikibase-otherprojects" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-wikibase-otherprojects" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> In other projects </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="t-wikibase" class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-wikibase-dataitem mw-list-item"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q12811307" title="Structured data on this page hosted by Wikidata [g]" accesskey="g"><span>Wikidata item</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-column-end"> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Page tools"> <div id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="Appearance"> <div id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-appearance" class="vector-appearance vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-appearance-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="appearance-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-appearance" data-pinned-container-id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Appearance</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.pin">move to sidebar</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.unpin">hide</button> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div id="bodyContent" class="vector-body" aria-labelledby="firstHeading" data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"><span class="mw-redirectedfrom">(Redirected from <a href="/w/index.php?title=Operation_Arslan_Kulaks%C4%B1z&redirect=no" class="mw-redirect" title="Operation Arslan Kulaksız">Operation Arslan Kulaksız</a>)</span></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><p class="mw-empty-elt"> </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">"Timeline of the Kurdish uprising in Turkey" redirects here. For a timeline of Kurdish uprisings throughout history, see <a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_Kurdish_uprisings" title="Timeline of Kurdish uprisings">Timeline of Kurdish uprisings</a>.</div> <p class="mw-empty-elt"> </p> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ul{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist .mw-empty-li{display:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dt::after{content:": "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li::after{content:" · ";font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li:last-child::after{content:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li li:first-child::before{content:" (";font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd li:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt li:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li li:last-child::after{content:")";font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol{counter-reset:listitem}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol>li{counter-increment:listitem}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol>li::before{content:" "counter(listitem)"\a0 "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd ol>li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt ol>li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li ol>li:first-child::before{content:" ("counter(listitem)"\a0 "}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236075235">.mw-parser-output .navbox{box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #a2a9b1;width:100%;clear:both;font-size:88%;text-align:center;padding:1px;margin:1em auto 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbox{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox,.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox-styles+.navbox{margin-top:-1px}.mw-parser-output .navbox-inner,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup{width:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-title,.mw-parser-output .navbox-abovebelow{padding:0.25em 1em;line-height:1.5em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .navbox-group{white-space:nowrap;text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .navbox,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup{background-color:#fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-list{line-height:1.5em;border-color:#fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-list-with-group{text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid}.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-group,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-image,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-list{border-top:2px solid #fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title{background-color:#ccf}.mw-parser-output .navbox-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-title{background-color:#ddf}.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-abovebelow{background-color:#e6e6ff}.mw-parser-output .navbox-even{background-color:#f7f7f7}.mw-parser-output .navbox-odd{background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ul,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ul{padding:0.125em 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbar{display:block;font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title .navbar{float:left;text-align:left;margin-right:0.5em}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .navbox-image img{max-width:none!important}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .navbox{display:none!important}}</style></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Kurdistan_Workers&#039;_Party_insurgency10376" style="margin:0;float:right;clear:right;width:25.5em;margin-bottom:0.5em;margin-left:1em;;padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks navbox-vertical mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2" style="background-color:#C3D6EF;color:inherit;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239400231">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:114%;margin:0 7em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:114%;margin:0 4em}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Campaignbox_Turkish%E2%80%93Kurdish_conflict" title="Template:Campaignbox Turkish–Kurdish conflict"><abbr title="View this template" style="color:inherit">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Campaignbox_Turkish%E2%80%93Kurdish_conflict" title="Template talk:Campaignbox Turkish–Kurdish conflict"><abbr title="Discuss this template" style="color:inherit">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Campaignbox_Turkish%E2%80%93Kurdish_conflict" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Campaignbox Turkish–Kurdish conflict"><abbr title="Edit this template" style="color:inherit">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Kurdistan_Workers&#039;_Party_insurgency10376" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><span style="line-height:1.6em"><a href="/wiki/Kurdistan_Workers%27_Party_insurgency" title="Kurdistan Workers' Party insurgency"><span class="wrap">Kurdistan Workers' Party insurgency</span></a></span></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_the_Kurdish%E2%80%93Turkish_conflict_(1978%E2%80%93present)" class="mw-redirect" title="Timeline of the Kurdish–Turkish conflict (1978–present)">Timeline</a><hr /> <dl><dt>First insurgency</dt></dl> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/1984_PKK_attacks" title="1984 PKK attacks">1984</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Karage%C3%A7it_village_massacre" title="Karageçit village massacre">Karageçit</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/August_1986_Turkish_incursion_into_northern_Iraq" title="August 1986 Turkish incursion into northern Iraq">N Iraq (1986)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ortaba%C4%9F_Massacre" class="mw-redirect" title="Ortabağ Massacre">Ortabağ</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/March_1987_Turkish_incursion_into_northern_Iraq" title="March 1987 Turkish incursion into northern Iraq">N Iraq (1987)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/P%C4%B1narc%C4%B1k_massacre" title="Pınarcık massacre">Pınarcık</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ye%C5%9Filova_incident" title="Yeşilova incident">Yeşilova</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=1992_Ta%C5%9Fdelen_attack&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1992 Taşdelen attack (page does not exist)">Taşdelen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_%C5%9E%C4%B1rnak" class="mw-redirect" title="Battle of Şırnak">Şırnak</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Battle_of_Kulp&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Battle of Kulp (page does not exist)">Kulp</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Operation_Northern_Iraq" class="mw-redirect" title="Operation Northern Iraq">N Iraq (1992)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/May_24,_1993_PKK_attack" class="mw-redirect" title="May 24, 1993 PKK attack">Bingöl</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ba%C5%9Fba%C4%9Flar_massacre" title="Başbağlar massacre">Başbağlar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lice_massacre" title="Lice massacre">Lice</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Turkish_army_winter_campaign_of_1994%E2%80%931995" class="mw-redirect" title="Turkish army winter campaign of 1994–1995">Winter campaign</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Operation_Steel" title="Operation Steel">Steel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Operation_Tokat" title="Operation Tokat">Tokat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Operation_Hawk" title="Operation Hawk">Hawk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1996_Tunceli_bombing" title="1996 Tunceli bombing">Tunceli</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Siege_of_Varto&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Siege of Varto (page does not exist)">Varto</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sazak_assault" title="Sazak assault">Sazak</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Operation_Hammer_(1997)" title="Operation Hammer (1997)">Hammer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Operation_Dawn_(1997)" title="Operation Dawn (1997)">Dawn</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Operation_Murat" title="Operation Murat">Murat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1999_Istanbul_bombings" title="1999 Istanbul bombings">Istanbul</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Blue_Market_massacre" title="Blue Market massacre">Blue Market</a></li></ul></li></ul> <dl><dt>Second insurgency</dt></dl> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/2007_Ankara_bombing" title="2007 Ankara bombing">Ankara</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/October_2007_clashes_in_Hakk%C3%A2ri" title="October 2007 clashes in Hakkâri">Hakkâri (2007)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/December_2007_Turkish_incursion_into_northern_Iraq" title="December 2007 Turkish incursion into northern Iraq">N Iraq (2007)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/October_2008_Akt%C3%BCt%C3%BCn_attack" class="mw-redirect" title="October 2008 Aktütün attack">Aktütün</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2008_Diyarbak%C4%B1r_bombing" title="2008 Diyarbakır bombing">Diyarbakır</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2008_Turkish_incursion_into_northern_Iraq" title="2008 Turkish incursion into northern Iraq">Sun</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Re%C5%9Fadiye_shooting" title="Reşadiye shooting">Reşadiye</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2010_%C4%B0skenderun_attack" title="2010 İskenderun attack">İskenderun</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2010_Hakk%C3%A2ri_bus_bombing" class="mw-redirect" title="2010 Hakkâri bus bombing">Hakkâri</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2010_Istanbul_bombing" title="2010 Istanbul bombing">Istanbul</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/August_2011_Turkey%E2%80%93Iraq_cross-border_raids" title="August 2011 Turkey–Iraq cross-border raids">2011 border raid</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2011_Hakk%C3%A2ri_attack" title="2011 Hakkâri attack">Hakkâri (2011)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roboski_massacre" title="Roboski massacre">Roboski</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/June%E2%80%93August_2012_Hakkari_clashes" title="June–August 2012 Hakkari clashes">Hakkâri (2012)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/September_2012_Beyt%C3%BC%C5%9F%C5%9Febap_attack" title="September 2012 Beytüşşebap attack">Beytüşşebap</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Operation_Dawn_(2012)" title="Operation Dawn (2012)">Şemdinli</a></li></ul> <dl><dt><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_the_Kurdistan_Workers%27_Party_insurgency_(2015%E2%80%93present)" title="Timeline of the Kurdistan Workers' Party insurgency (2015–present)">Third insurgency</a></dt></dl> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ceylanp%C4%B1nar_incident" title="Ceylanpınar incident">Ceylanpınar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2015_Siirt_bombing" title="2015 Siirt bombing">Siirt bombing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Operation_Martyr_Yal%C3%A7%C4%B1n" title="Operation Martyr Yalçın">Martyr Yalçın</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/2015_police_raids_in_Turkey" title="2015 police raids in Turkey">Police raids</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Operation_Arslan_Kulaks%C4%B1z" class="mw-redirect" title="Operation Arslan Kulaksız">Arslan Kulaksız</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%C5%9E%C4%B1rnak_clashes_(2015%E2%80%932016)" title="Şırnak clashes (2015–2016)">Şırnak</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cizre_operation_(2015)" title="Cizre operation (2015)">Cizre (2015)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/December_2015%E2%80%93February_2016_Cizre_curfew" title="December 2015–February 2016 Cizre curfew">Cizre (2016)</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2015_Turkish_air_raids_on_Kandil" class="mw-redirect" title="2015 Turkish air raids on Kandil">Kandil</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2015_Hakkari_assault" title="2015 Hakkari assault">Hakkari</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Siege_of_Silvan_(2015)" title="Siege of Silvan (2015)">Silvan</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Siege_of_Sur_(2016)" title="Siege of Sur (2016)">Sur</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/February_2016_Lice_bombing" title="February 2016 Lice bombing">Lice</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/May_2016_D%C3%BCr%C3%BCml%C3%BC_bombing" title="May 2016 Dürümlü bombing">Dürümlü</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2015_Sabiha_G%C3%B6k%C3%A7en_Airport_bombing" title="2015 Sabiha Gökçen Airport bombing">2015 airport bombing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/February_2016_Ankara_bombing" title="February 2016 Ankara bombing">Ankara (Feb 2016)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/March_2016_Ankara_bombing" title="March 2016 Ankara bombing">Ankara (Mar 2016)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2016_Bursa_bombing" title="2016 Bursa bombing">Bursa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/June_2016_Istanbul_bombing" title="June 2016 Istanbul bombing">Istanbul (Jun 2016)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/October_2016_Istanbul_bombing" title="October 2016 Istanbul bombing">Istanbul (Oct 2016)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/December_2016_Istanbul_bombings" title="December 2016 Istanbul bombings">Istanbul (Dec 2016)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/March_2016_Turkish_incursion_into_northern_Iraq" title="March 2016 Turkish incursion into northern Iraq">N Iraq (2016)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2016_Elaz%C4%B1%C4%9F_bombing" title="2016 Elazığ bombing">Elazığ</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2016_Cizre_bombing" title="2016 Cizre bombing">Cizre</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Operation_Euphrates_Shield" title="Operation Euphrates Shield">Euphrates Shield</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2016_%C5%9Eemdinli_bombing" title="2016 Şemdinli bombing">Şemdinli</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2016_Kayseri_bombing" title="2016 Kayseri bombing">Kayseri</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2017_%C4%B0zmir_courthouse_attack" title="2017 İzmir courthouse attack">İzmir</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/April_2017_Turkish_airstrikes_in_Syria_and_Iraq" title="April 2017 Turkish airstrikes in Syria and Iraq">Airstrikes in Syria & Iraq</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Operation_Olive_Branch" title="Operation Olive Branch">Olive Branch</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2018_Siirt_raid" title="2018 Siirt raid">Siirt raid</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Turkish_airstrikes_on_Sinjar_(2018)" title="Turkish airstrikes on Sinjar (2018)">Sinjar (2018)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2018_Gerc%C3%BC%C5%9F_bombing" title="2018 Gercüş bombing">Gercüş</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Operation_Claw_(2019-2020)" class="mw-redirect" title="Operation Claw (2019-2020)">Claw</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2019_Turkish_offensive_into_north-eastern_Syria" title="2019 Turkish offensive into north-eastern Syria">Peace Spring</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Operations_Claw-Eagle_and_Tiger" title="Operations Claw-Eagle and Tiger">Claw-Eagle & Claw-Tiger</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2020_%C4%B0skenderun_shootout" title="2020 İskenderun shootout">İskenderun</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Operation_Claw-Eagle_2" title="Operation Claw-Eagle 2">Claw-Eagle 2</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Operations_Claw-Lightning_and_Thunderbolt" title="Operations Claw-Lightning and Thunderbolt">Claw-Lightning & Thunderbolt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Turkish_airstrikes_on_Sinjar_(2021)" title="Turkish airstrikes on Sinjar (2021)">Sinjar (2021)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Operation_Claw-Lock" title="Operation Claw-Lock">Claw-Lock</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Zakho_resort_attack" title="Zakho resort attack">Zakho</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2022_Istanbul_bombing" title="2022 Istanbul bombing">Istanbul (2022)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Operation_Claw-Sword" title="Operation Claw-Sword">Claw-Sword</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/June_2023_Northeastern_Syria_clashes" title="June 2023 Northeastern Syria clashes">Syria (2023 June)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2023_Ankara_bombing" title="2023 Ankara bombing">Ankara (2023)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/October_2023_Northern_Syria_clashes" title="October 2023 Northern Syria clashes">Syria (2023 Oct)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2024_Turkish_Aerospace_Industries_headquarters_attack" class="mw-redirect" title="2024 Turkish Aerospace Industries headquarters attack">TAI (2024)</a></li></ul> <hr /> <dl><dt><a href="/wiki/Serhildan" title="Serhildan">Serhildan</a></dt></dl> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=March_1990_Kurdish_protests_in_Turkey&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="March 1990 Kurdish protests in Turkey (page does not exist)">1990</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=March_1991_Kurdish_protests_in_Turkey&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="March 1991 Kurdish protests in Turkey (page does not exist)">1991</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Nowruz_1992_protests_in_Turkey&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Nowruz 1992 protests in Turkey (page does not exist)">1992</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/February_1999_Kurdish_protests" title="February 1999 Kurdish protests">1999</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=February_2001_Kurdish_protests_in_Turkey&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="February 2001 Kurdish protests in Turkey (page does not exist)">2001</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=November_2005_Kurdish_protests_in_Turkey&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="November 2005 Kurdish protests in Turkey (page does not exist)">2005</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=2006_Kurdish_protests_in_Turkey&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="2006 Kurdish protests in Turkey (page does not exist)">2006</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Nowruz_2008_protests_in_Turkey&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Nowruz 2008 protests in Turkey (page does not exist)">2008</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/December_2009_Kurdish_protests_in_Turkey" title="December 2009 Kurdish protests in Turkey">2009</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2011%E2%80%932012_Kurdish_protests_in_Turkey" title="2011–2012 Kurdish protests in Turkey">2011–2012</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2014_Koban%C3%AE_protests" title="2014 Kobanî protests">2014</a></li></ul> <hr /> <dl><dt>Peace process and peace efforts</dt></dl> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/1991%E2%80%932004_Kurdish%E2%80%93Turkish_peace_initiatives" title="1991–2004 Kurdish–Turkish peace initiatives">1991–2004 Kurdish–Turkish peace initiatives</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1993_Kurdistan_Workers%27_Party_ceasefire" title="1993 Kurdistan Workers' Party ceasefire">1993 Kurdistan Workers' Party ceasefire</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2013%E2%80%932015_PKK%E2%80%93Turkey_peace_process" title="2013–2015 PKK–Turkey peace process">2013–2015 Solution process</a></li></ul> <hr /> <dl><dt>Others</dt></dl> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_assassinations_of_the_Kurdish%E2%80%93Turkish_conflict" class="mw-redirect" title="List of assassinations of the Kurdish–Turkish conflict">Assassinations</a></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <p>This is the <b>timeline of the Turkish-Kurdish conflict</b>. The <a href="/wiki/Kurdish%E2%80%93Turkish_conflict_(1978%E2%80%93present)" class="mw-redirect" title="Kurdish–Turkish conflict (1978–present)">Kurdish insurgency</a> is an armed conflict between the Republic of Turkey and various <a href="/wiki/Kurdish_people" class="mw-redirect" title="Kurdish people">Kurdish</a> insurgent groups,<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Kilicdaroglu_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Kilicdaroglu-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> which have demanded <a href="/wiki/Ethnic_separatism" class="mw-redirect" title="Ethnic separatism">separation</a> from Turkey to create an independent <a href="/wiki/Kurdistan" title="Kurdistan">Kurdistan</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-security_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-security-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> or to have <a href="/wiki/Autonomy" title="Autonomy">autonomy</a><sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and greater political and cultural rights for <a href="/wiki/Kurds_in_Turkey" title="Kurds in Turkey">Kurds in Turkey</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The main rebel group is the <a href="/wiki/Kurdistan_Workers%27_Party" title="Kurdistan Workers' Party">Kurdistan Workers' Party</a> or PKK,<sup id="cite_ref-Kilicdaroglu_2-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Kilicdaroglu-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> which was founded on November 27, 1978,<sup id="cite_ref-abdullah_7-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-abdullah-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and started a full-scale <a href="/wiki/Insurgency" title="Insurgency">insurgency</a> on August 15, 1984, when it declared a Kurdish uprising.<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Apart from some extended ceasefires (most recently during the 2013-2015 <a href="/wiki/Kurdish-Turkish_peace_process" class="mw-redirect" title="Kurdish-Turkish peace process">Kurdish-Turkish peace process</a>), the conflict has continued to the present day.<sup id="cite_ref-security_4-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-security-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-ceasefires_9-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ceasefires-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-jamestown_10-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-jamestown-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-ataa_11-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ataa-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Pkk_supporters_london_april_2003.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/44/Pkk_supporters_london_april_2003.jpg/300px-Pkk_supporters_london_april_2003.jpg" decoding="async" width="300" height="100" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/44/Pkk_supporters_london_april_2003.jpg/450px-Pkk_supporters_london_april_2003.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/44/Pkk_supporters_london_april_2003.jpg/600px-Pkk_supporters_london_april_2003.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1598" data-file-height="532" /></a><figcaption>Kurdistan Workers Party supporters in London, April 2003, protesting against the <a href="/wiki/2003_invasion_of_Iraq" title="2003 invasion of Iraq">invasion of Iraq</a></figcaption></figure> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Background_(1920–1974)"><span id="Background_.281920.E2.80.931974.29"></span>Background (1920–1974)</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Timeline_of_the_Kurdistan_Workers%27_Party_insurgency_(1978%E2%80%932015)&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Background (1920–1974)"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>July 1920, <a href="/wiki/Ko%C3%A7giri_Rebellion" class="mw-redirect" title="Koçgiri Rebellion">Koçgiri Rebellion</a></li> <li>August, 1924, <a href="/wiki/Beytussebab_rebellion" class="mw-redirect" title="Beytussebab rebellion">Beytüşşebab rebellion</a></li> <li>1925, <a href="/wiki/Sheikh_Said_rebellion" title="Sheikh Said rebellion">Sheik Said Rebellion</a></li> <li>October 1927, <a href="/wiki/Ararat_rebellion" title="Ararat rebellion">Ararat rebellion</a></li> <li>March 20, 1937, <a href="/wiki/Dersim_Rebellion" class="mw-redirect" title="Dersim Rebellion">Dersim Rebellion</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="1974–1984:_Rise_of_PKK"><span id="1974.E2.80.931984:_Rise_of_PKK"></span>1974–1984: Rise of PKK</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Timeline_of_the_Kurdistan_Workers%27_Party_insurgency_(1978%E2%80%932015)&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: 1974–1984: Rise of PKK"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>March 18, 1977, <a href="/wiki/Haki_Karer" title="Haki Karer">Haki Karer</a>, a leader of the "Revolutionaries of Kurdistan" group is assassinated in <a href="/wiki/Gaziantep" title="Gaziantep">Gaziantep</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-abdullah_7-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-abdullah-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>May 18, 1978, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Halil_%C3%87avgun&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Halil Çavgun (page does not exist)">Halil Çavgun</a>, another "Revolutionaries of Kurdistan" leader is assassinated by Kurdish landowners.<sup id="cite_ref-abdullah_7-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-abdullah-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>November 27, 1978, the founding congress of the Kurdistan Workers' Party is held in the village of Fis near <a href="/wiki/Lice,_Turkey" title="Lice, Turkey">Lice</a> in <a href="/wiki/Diyarbak%C4%B1r_Province" title="Diyarbakır Province">Diyarbakır Province</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-abdullah_7-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-abdullah-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>December 25, 1978, <a href="/wiki/Grey_Wolves_(organization)" title="Grey Wolves (organization)">Grey Wolves</a> commit <a href="/wiki/Mara%C5%9F_Massacre" class="mw-redirect" title="Maraş Massacre">Maraş Massacre</a>, killing 109 and injuring 176 <a href="/wiki/Alevi" class="mw-redirect" title="Alevi">Alevi Turks/</a>Kurds in <a href="/wiki/Kahramanmara%C5%9F" title="Kahramanmaraş">Kahramanmaraş</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-david_12-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-david-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>July 30, 1979, assassination attempt to Celal Bucak, a member of parliament, by PKK, then also known as Apoists. 5 killed, Bucak and his 8 (or 11) year old son wounded.<sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>September 12, 1980, <a href="/wiki/General_Staff_of_the_Republic_of_Turkey" class="mw-redirect" title="General Staff of the Republic of Turkey">General</a> <a href="/wiki/Kenan_Evren" title="Kenan Evren">Kenan Evren</a> seizes power, deposing an elected government led by <a href="/wiki/S%C3%BCleyman_Demirel" title="Süleyman Demirel">Süleyman Demirel</a> and his <a href="/wiki/Justice_Party_(Turkey)" title="Justice Party (Turkey)">Justice Party</a> in the <a href="/wiki/1980_Turkish_coup_d%27%C3%A9tat" title="1980 Turkish coup d'état">1980 Turkish coup d'état</a>. Most of the PKK's leadership move to <a href="/wiki/Syria" title="Syria">Syria</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-abdullah_7-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-abdullah-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>November 10, 1980, The Turkish Consulate in Strasbourg, France was bombed causing significant material damage but no injuries. In a telephone call to the Agence France-Presse office, a spokesman said the blast was a joint operation and marked the start of a "fruitful collaboration" between the <a href="/wiki/Armenian_Secret_Army_for_the_Liberation_of_Armenia" title="Armenian Secret Army for the Liberation of Armenia">Armenian Secret Army for the Liberation of Armenia</a> (ASALA) and the Kurdistan Workers Party.<sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>September 24, 1981, <a href="/wiki/1981_Turkish_consulate_attack_in_Paris" title="1981 Turkish consulate attack in Paris">the Turkish consulate in Paris is attacked</a> by ASALA. Their demands included the release of five Kurdish revolutionary fighters.<sup id="cite_ref-prison_15-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-prison-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>March 21, 1982, imprisoned PKK leader <a href="/wiki/Mazlum_Do%C4%9Fan" title="Mazlum Doğan">Mazlum Doğan</a> burned himself to death in protest of the treatment of inmates at the <a href="/wiki/Diyarbak%C4%B1r_Prison" title="Diyarbakır Prison">Diyarbakır Prison</a>.</li> <li>May 18, 1982, PKK members <a href="/w/index.php?title=Ferhat_Kurtay&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ferhat Kurtay (page does not exist)">Ferhat Kurtay</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Necmi_%C3%96nen&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Necmi Önen (page does not exist)">Necmi Önen</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Mahmut_Zengin&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Mahmut Zengin (page does not exist)">Mahmut Zengin</a> and <a href="/w/index.php?title=E%C5%9Fref_Any%C4%B1k&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Eşref Anyık (page does not exist)">Eşref Anyık</a> also burn themselves to death in Diyarbakır Prison.<sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>June 6, 1982, start of the <a href="/wiki/1982_Lebanon_War" title="1982 Lebanon War">First Lebanon War</a>, PKK forces stationed in the <a href="/wiki/Beqaa_Valley" title="Beqaa Valley">Beqaa Valley</a> are ordered to fight alongside the <a href="/wiki/Palestinian_Liberation_Organisation" class="mw-redirect" title="Palestinian Liberation Organisation">Palestinian Liberation Organisation</a> (PLO) and Syria, against Israel.<sup id="cite_ref-abdullah_7-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-abdullah-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>July 14, 1982, PKK members <a href="/wiki/Kemal_Pir" title="Kemal Pir">Kemal Pir</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=M._Hayri_Durmu%C5%9F&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="M. Hayri Durmuş (page does not exist)">M. Hayri Durmuş</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Ali_%C3%87i%C3%A7ek&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ali Çiçek (page does not exist)">Ali Çiçek</a> and <a href="/w/index.php?title=Akif_Y%C4%B1lmaz&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Akif Yılmaz (page does not exist)">Akif Yılmaz</a> start a hunger strike in Diyarbakır Prison.<sup id="cite_ref-prison_15-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-prison-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>August 20–25, 1982, the second PKK congress is held in <a href="/wiki/Daraa" title="Daraa">Daraa</a>, Syria.<sup id="cite_ref-abdullah_7-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-abdullah-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>September 7, 1982, Kemal Pir dies as result of his hunger strike in Diyarbakır Prison. M. Hayri Durmuş dies on September 12, Akif Yılmaz on September 15 and Ali Çiçek on September 15.<sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>April 12, 1984, a 75-day hunger-strike is started by Kurdish prisoners in <a href="/wiki/Istanbul" title="Istanbul">Istanbul</a>. Four prisoners die as result of the hunger-strike.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="1984–1999"><span id="1984.E2.80.931999"></span>1984–1999</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Timeline_of_the_Kurdistan_Workers%27_Party_insurgency_(1978%E2%80%932015)&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: 1984–1999"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>August 15, 1984, the PKK starts the armed Kurdish rebellion with an <a href="/wiki/15_August_1984_PKK_attacks" class="mw-redirect" title="15 August 1984 PKK attacks">attack</a> on police and gendarmerie bases in <a href="/wiki/%C5%9Eemdinli" title="Şemdinli">Şemdinli</a>, <a href="/wiki/Hakk%C3%A2ri_Province" title="Hakkâri Province">Hakkâri Province</a> and <a href="/wiki/Eruh" title="Eruh">Eruh</a>, <a href="/wiki/Siirt_Province" title="Siirt Province">Siirt Province</a>.</li> <li>March 21, 1986, the PKK's military commander: <a href="/wiki/Mahsum_Korkmaz" title="Mahsum Korkmaz">Mahsum Korkmaz</a> aka "Agit" is killed by Turkish forces.<sup id="cite_ref-abdullah_7-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-abdullah-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>July 19, 1987, the <a href="/wiki/Grand_National_Assembly_of_Turkey" title="Grand National Assembly of Turkey">Grand National Assembly of Turkey</a> declared a civil <a href="/wiki/OHAL" class="mw-redirect" title="OHAL">state of emergency in 10 Southeastern provinces</a> in response to the PKK's insurgency.<sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="1990">1990</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Timeline_of_the_Kurdistan_Workers%27_Party_insurgency_(1978%E2%80%932015)&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: 1990"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>February 5, 1990, over 500 Iraqi Kurds protested in Diyarbakir and clashed with Turkish security forces. Ninety-five people were arrested.<sup id="cite_ref-asylumlawkurds_19-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-asylumlawkurds-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>March 14, 1990, start of Kurdish popular protests and civil uprising known as <a href="/wiki/Serhildan" title="Serhildan">Serhildan</a> and in the city of <a href="/wiki/Nusaybin" title="Nusaybin">Nusaybin</a>.</li> <li>May 27, 1990, about 100 Kurdish political prisoners went on hunger strike.<sup id="cite_ref-asylumlawkurds_19-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-asylumlawkurds-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>June 2, 1990, during a protest by 2,000 Iraqi Kurds, five protesters and a policeman were killed.<sup id="cite_ref-asylumlawkurds_19-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-asylumlawkurds-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>June 8, 1990, ten Kurdish MPs, led by <a href="/wiki/Ahmet_Fehmi_I%C5%9F%C4%B1klar" title="Ahmet Fehmi Işıklar">Ahmet Fehmi Işıklar</a> from the <a href="/wiki/Social_Democratic_Populist_Party_(Turkey)" title="Social Democratic Populist Party (Turkey)">Social Democratic Populist Party</a> broke away from the party to form Turkey's first pro-Kurdish party: the <a href="/wiki/People%27s_Labor_Party" class="mw-redirect" title="People's Labor Party">People's Labor Party</a> (HEP).<sup id="cite_ref-asylumlawkurds_19-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-asylumlawkurds-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>August 28, 1990, a Kurdish representative to the <a href="/wiki/United_Nations_Commission_on_Human_Rights" title="United Nations Commission on Human Rights">United Nations Commission on Human Rights</a> accused Turkey of using the <a href="/wiki/Gulf_Crisis" class="mw-redirect" title="Gulf Crisis">Gulf Crisis</a> to forcibly expel thousands of Kurds from their mountain homeland and executing those who refused to leave. The government of Turkey denied the accusation.<sup id="cite_ref-asylumlawkurds_19-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-asylumlawkurds-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="1991">1991</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Timeline_of_the_Kurdistan_Workers%27_Party_insurgency_(1978%E2%80%932015)&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: 1991"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>February 1, 1991, the Turkish government eased the ban on the <a href="/wiki/Kurdish_language" title="Kurdish language">Kurdish language</a>, by lifting the ban on speaking Kurdish and the ban on <a href="/wiki/Kurdish_music" title="Kurdish music">Kurdish music</a>. However, the use of Kurdish was still forbidden in printed material, public gatherings, demonstrations and education.<sup id="cite_ref-asylumlawkurds_19-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-asylumlawkurds-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>March 2, 1991, during a major riot in Diyarbakir nearly 1000 Kurds fought troops with stones and sticks. Two Kurds and one Turkish soldier were killed.<sup id="cite_ref-asylumlawkurds_19-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-asylumlawkurds-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>April 1991, <a href="/wiki/Yasilova_incident" class="mw-redirect" title="Yasilova incident">Yeşilova incident</a> between British <a href="/wiki/Royal_Marines" title="Royal Marines">Royal Marines</a> protecting Iraqi-Kurdish refugees, and <a href="/wiki/Turkish_Armed_Forces" title="Turkish Armed Forces">Turkish Armed Forces</a> allegedly preventing the refugees from receiving aid, in a refugee camp in <a href="/wiki/Ye%C5%9Filova" title="Yeşilova">Yeşilova</a>.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="1992">1992</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Timeline_of_the_Kurdistan_Workers%27_Party_insurgency_(1978%E2%80%932015)&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: 1992"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>August 18–21, 1992, <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_%C5%9E%C4%B1rnak" class="mw-redirect" title="Battle of Şırnak">Battle of Şırnak</a>, between Turkish armed forces and PKK fighters in the town of <a href="/wiki/%C5%9E%C4%B1rnak" title="Şırnak">Şırnak</a> leading to the destruction of much of the town.</li> <li>October 3, 1992, start of similar operations in the town of <a href="/wiki/Kulp,_Turkey" title="Kulp, Turkey">Kulp</a> in <a href="/wiki/Diyarbak%C4%B1r_Province" title="Diyarbakır Province">Diyarbakır Province</a>.</li> <li>October 12, 1992, Turkey launches <a href="/wiki/October_1992_Turkish_incursion_into_northern_Iraq" class="mw-redirect" title="October 1992 Turkish incursion into northern Iraq">A cross-border special operation into Northern Iraq</a> with 2,500 commandos against 10,000 PKK militants to rescue 2 captured Turkish soldiers. Turkey killed over 1,550 PKK militants and captured more than 2,600 with just only 14 commandos being killed.</li> <li>November 17, 1992, truce signed between the KDP, PUK and PKK.<sup id="cite_ref-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="1993">1993</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Timeline_of_the_Kurdistan_Workers%27_Party_insurgency_(1978%E2%80%932015)&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: 1993"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>March 20, 1993 – <a href="/wiki/1993_Kurdistan_Workers%27_Party_ceasefire" title="1993 Kurdistan Workers' Party ceasefire">PKK unilateral cease-fire declaration.</a> Turkish President <a href="/wiki/Turgut_%C3%96zal" title="Turgut Özal">Turgut Özal</a> plans pro-Kurdish reform package, but dies in office on 17 April 1993, before he can bring it forward (see <a href="/wiki/Castle_Plan" title="Castle Plan">Castle Plan</a> and <a href="/wiki/1993_alleged_Turkish_military_coup" title="1993 alleged Turkish military coup">1993 alleged Turkish military coup</a>).</li> <li>May 24, 1993, the PKK kills 33 Turkish soldiers, who were heading to their stations that they were designated to after finishing their training, who had surrendered and were unarmed, and multiple civilians in <a href="/wiki/May_24,_1993,_PKK_attack" title="May 24, 1993, PKK attack">an attack</a> on the highway between <a href="/wiki/Elaz%C4%B1%C4%9F" title="Elazığ">Elazığ</a> and <a href="/wiki/Bing%C3%B6l" title="Bingöl">Bingöl</a>.</li> <li>July 5, 1993, 100 militants <a href="/wiki/Ba%C5%9Fba%C4%9Flar_massacre" title="Başbağlar massacre">attack the village of Başbağlar</a>, near <a href="/wiki/Erzincan" title="Erzincan">Erzincan</a>, killing 33 civilians.</li> <li>July 1993, the <a href="/wiki/People%27s_Labor_Party" class="mw-redirect" title="People's Labor Party">HEP</a> is banned for promoting Kurdish rights by the <a href="/wiki/Constitutional_Court_of_Turkey" title="Constitutional Court of Turkey">Constitutional Court of Turkey</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-21" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="1994">1994</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Timeline_of_the_Kurdistan_Workers%27_Party_insurgency_(1978%E2%80%932015)&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: 1994"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>March 4, 1994 – <a href="/wiki/Leyla_Zana" title="Leyla Zana">Leyla Zana</a>, <a href="/wiki/Orhan_Do%C4%9Fan" title="Orhan Doğan">Orhan Doğan</a> and other politicians of the pro Kurdish <a href="/wiki/Democracy_Party_(Turkey)" title="Democracy Party (Turkey)">DEP</a> were dismissed from parliament and arrested.<sup id="cite_ref-22" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>May 11, 1994, Kurdish lawyer <a href="/wiki/Murat_Bozlak" title="Murat Bozlak">Murat Bozlak</a> formed the <a href="/wiki/People%27s_Democracy_Party" title="People's Democracy Party">People's Democracy Party</a> (HADEP),<sup id="cite_ref-HADEP_23-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-HADEP-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>July 7, 1994 – Akçayurt village burned by the Turkish military.<sup id="cite_ref-:02_24-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:02-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-:12_25-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:12-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>August 18, 1994 – Mehmet Gürkan was seen taken away in a helicopter having previously reported to the press that he had been tortured by the Turkish military and told to tell television journalists that the PKK had destroyed his village a month earlier. Since his disappearance he has not been seen again.<sup id="cite_ref-:02_24-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:02-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-:12_25-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:12-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>November 1994 – March 1995, Turkish <a href="/wiki/Winter_Campaign_of_1994-1995" class="mw-redirect" title="Winter Campaign of 1994-1995">Winter Campaign</a> to cut PKK militants off from their winter supplies. Over 6,000 PKK militants were killed during the operations.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="1995">1995</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Timeline_of_the_Kurdistan_Workers%27_Party_insurgency_(1978%E2%80%932015)&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: 1995"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>March 20 – May 4, 1995, Turkish <a href="/wiki/Operation_Steel" title="Operation Steel">Operation Steel</a> against PKK forces in Northern <a href="/wiki/Iraq" title="Iraq">Iraq</a> to prevent further border station ambushes conducted by the PKK. A force of 35,000 personnel (in which most were there for pulling security, a very small portion took part in the actual fighting) went into Iraqi Kurdistan, assisted by planes, helicopters, tanks and APCs. The operation ended in a Turkish victory as the Zap Camp was captured and destroyed by Turkish forces. 555 PKK members were killed and another were 13 captured.<sup id="cite_ref-asylumlawkurds_19-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-asylumlawkurds-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>April 19, 1995, Turkish Troops and aircraft laid siege to Kurdish PKK rebels in eastern Turkey as Ankara's military offensive in northern Iraq entered a fifth week, in the Alibogazi ravine area in <a href="/wiki/Tunceli" title="Tunceli">Tunceli</a> province.<sup id="cite_ref-26" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>December 1995, the PKK announced a unilateral cease-fire<sup id="cite_ref-:1_27-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:1-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>December 24, 1995, during the <a href="/wiki/1995_Turkish_general_election" title="1995 Turkish general election">Turkish general election of 1995</a> the HADEP won 1,171,623 or 4.17% of the votes.<sup id="cite_ref-28" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="1996">1996</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Timeline_of_the_Kurdistan_Workers%27_Party_insurgency_(1978%E2%80%932015)&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: 1996"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>April 1996, Turkish security forces launched the <a href="/wiki/Operation_Hawk" title="Operation Hawk">Operation Hawk</a> which claimed lives of 40 Turkish soldiers and 241 militants and 6 other militants were captured alive.</li> <li>August 1996, the PKK ended the cease-fire as the peace initiatives didn't have success.<sup id="cite_ref-:1_27-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:1-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>1997, 4 Turkish soldiers are killed in the <a href="/wiki/Sazak_assault" title="Sazak assault">Sazak assault</a>, a joint operation between the PKK, the <a href="/wiki/DHKP/C" class="mw-redirect" title="DHKP/C">DHKP/C</a> and <a href="/wiki/TKP/ML" class="mw-redirect" title="TKP/ML">TKP/ML</a> near the city of <a href="/wiki/Re%C5%9Fadiye" title="Reşadiye">Reşadiye</a> in <a href="/wiki/Tokat_Province" title="Tokat Province">Tokat Province</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-sundayszaman_29-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-sundayszaman-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="1997">1997</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Timeline_of_the_Kurdistan_Workers%27_Party_insurgency_(1978%E2%80%932015)&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: 1997"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>May July 12–7, 1997, Turkish forces launch <a href="/wiki/Operation_Hammer_(1997)" title="Operation Hammer (1997)">Operation Hammer</a> against the PKK in Iraqi Kurdistan during the <a href="/wiki/Iraqi_Kurdish_Civil_War" title="Iraqi Kurdish Civil War">Iraqi Kurdish Civil War</a>. More than 2,700 PKK militants were killed and over 400 PKK militants were captured.</li> <li>September 25 – October 15, 1997, Turkish <a href="/wiki/Operation_Dawn_(1997)" title="Operation Dawn (1997)">Operation Dawn</a>, a second intervention to support the KDP against the PKK in the civil war in Iraqi Kurdistan, killing over 850 PKK militants and capturing 37.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="1998">1998</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Timeline_of_the_Kurdistan_Workers%27_Party_insurgency_(1978%E2%80%932015)&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: 1998"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>April 23, 1998, <a href="/wiki/Operation_Murat" title="Operation Murat">Operation Murat</a> is launched against PKK in the Diyarbakır-Bitlis-Bingöl Triangle. ıt is the largest military operation Turkey has conducted inside of its borders.<sup id="cite_ref-30" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The operation ended after every single PKK member in the triangle was neutralized.</li> <li>October 9,<sup id="cite_ref-weekly_31-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-weekly-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> 1998, Abdullah Öcalan is forced to leave <a href="/wiki/Syria" title="Syria">Syria</a> and go to <a href="/wiki/Moscow" title="Moscow">Moscow</a>, Russia.<sup id="cite_ref-Öcalan_32-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Öcalan-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="1999">1999</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Timeline_of_the_Kurdistan_Workers%27_Party_insurgency_(1978%E2%80%932015)&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: 1999"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>February 1, 1999, Abdullah Öcalan arrives at Greek island of <a href="/wiki/Corfu" title="Corfu">Corfu</a> and is flown to <a href="/wiki/Nairobi" title="Nairobi">Nairobi</a>, Kenya on February 2.<sup id="cite_ref-Öcalan_32-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Öcalan-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>February 15, 1999, Abdullah Öcalan is captured in Nairobi, Kenya and brought to Turkey to stand trial<sup id="cite_ref-Öcalan_32-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Öcalan-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>February 15 – February 18, <a href="/wiki/February_1999_Kurdish_protests" title="February 1999 Kurdish protests">February 1999 Kurdish protests</a> break out worldwide against the arrest of Abdullah Öcalan, attacking Greek, Kenyan and Turkish diplomatic missions worldwide.<sup id="cite_ref-Öcalan_32-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Öcalan-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>March 13, 1999, a petrol <a href="/wiki/1999_Istanbul_bombings" title="1999 Istanbul bombings">bomb was detonated at a crowded shopping center in Istanbul</a>, killing 13 people. The next day two people, including a soldier are injured in <a href="/wiki/Bah%C3%A7elievler" title="Bahçelievler">Bahçelievler</a> by a bomb placed under a truck. Turkish police suspect the PKK was behind the attacks.</li> <li>April 18, 1999, during the <a href="/wiki/1999_Turkish_general_election" title="1999 Turkish general election">general election</a> HADEP won 1,482,196 or 4.75% of the votes.<sup id="cite_ref-33" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> During <a href="/wiki/1999_Turkish_local_elections" title="1999 Turkish local elections">local elections</a> that same day, the party received 1,094,761 or 3.48% of the votes.</li> <li>September 1, 1999, the PKK declares a unilateral 10-year cease-fire. End of the first insurgency.<sup id="cite_ref-34" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="1999–2004:_Ceasefire"><span id="1999.E2.80.932004:_Ceasefire"></span>1999–2004: Ceasefire</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Timeline_of_the_Kurdistan_Workers%27_Party_insurgency_(1978%E2%80%932015)&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: 1999–2004: Ceasefire"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>January 17, 2000, the <a href="/wiki/Kurdish_Hezbollah" title="Kurdish Hezbollah">Kurdish Hezbollah</a>'s leader <a href="/wiki/H%C3%BCseyin_Velio%C4%9Flu" title="Hüseyin Velioğlu">Hüseyin Velioğlu</a> is killed by Turkish forces in Istanbul.<sup id="cite_ref-turkishweekly_35-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-turkishweekly-35"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>35<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>February 2000, PKK declares formal end to the war.<sup id="cite_ref-HADEP_23-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-HADEP-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>April 10, 2002, the PKK abolished itself and formed to form a political organization named KADEK (Kurdistan Freedom and Democracy Congress), claiming the PKK had fulfilled its mission and would now move on as purely political organisation.<sup id="cite_ref-weekly_31-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-weekly-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-36" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-36"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>36<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>May 13, 2003, members of Turkey's constitutional court decided unanimously to disband HADEP and ban the party.<sup id="cite_ref-HADEP_23-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-HADEP-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>November 2003, KADEK and the Kurdish parliament (KNK) were merged into a new organization named KONGRA-GEL.<sup id="cite_ref-weekly_31-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-weekly-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>January 13, 2004, the PKK and all its organizations were added to the <a href="/wiki/U.S._State_Department_list_of_Foreign_Terrorist_Organizations" class="mw-redirect" title="U.S. State Department list of Foreign Terrorist Organizations">U.S. State Department list of Foreign Terrorist Organizations</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-weekly_31-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-weekly-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>April 5, 2004, the EU added the PKK to its list of designated terrorist organizations.<sup id="cite_ref-weekly_31-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-weekly-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>June 1, 2004, after a power struggle between moderates and hardliners in the within the PKK is won by hardliners and <a href="/wiki/Murat_Karay%C4%B1lan" title="Murat Karayılan">Murat Karayılan</a> becomes leader of the PKK, the group declares an end to the September 1999 ceasefire and start of the second insurgency.<sup id="cite_ref-weekly_31-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-weekly-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="2004–2012"><span id="2004.E2.80.932012"></span>2004–2012</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Timeline_of_the_Kurdistan_Workers%27_Party_insurgency_(1978%E2%80%932015)&action=edit&section=15" title="Edit section: 2004–2012"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="2005">2005</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Timeline_of_the_Kurdistan_Workers%27_Party_insurgency_(1978%E2%80%932015)&action=edit&section=16" title="Edit section: 2005"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>July 2, 2005, six people are killed and 15 injured by a train bomb planted by Kurdish guerrillas, on a train travelling between Elâzığ and <a href="/wiki/Tatvan" title="Tatvan">Tatvan</a> in <a href="/wiki/Bing%C3%B6l_province" class="mw-redirect" title="Bingöl province">Bingöl province</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-recent_37-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-recent-37"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>37<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>July 6, 2005, a bombing at a holiday resort in <a href="/wiki/Ku%C5%9Fadas%C4%B1" title="Kuşadası">Kuşadası</a> kills at least five people including a British and an Irish citizen.<sup id="cite_ref-recent_37-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-recent-37"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>37<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="2006">2006</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Timeline_of_the_Kurdistan_Workers%27_Party_insurgency_(1978%E2%80%932015)&action=edit&section=17" title="Edit section: 2006"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>February 13, 2006, six people are injured in a bombing of an Istanbul supermarket. The <a href="/wiki/Kurdistan_Freedom_Hawks" title="Kurdistan Freedom Hawks">Kurdistan Freedom Hawks</a> (TAK) claim responsibility for the blast and vow more attacks.<sup id="cite_ref-recent_37-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-recent-37"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>37<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>June 25, 2006, a bombing hits a tourist resort near <a href="/wiki/Antalya" title="Antalya">Antalya</a>, killing four and injuring 28 people. The TAK claim responsibility for the attack.<sup id="cite_ref-recent_37-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-recent-37"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>37<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>August 27, 2006, ten British and six Turkish citizens are wounded in a minibus bombing in <a href="/wiki/Marmaris" title="Marmaris">Marmaris</a>. Five people are injured by two other bombs.<sup id="cite_ref-recent_37-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-recent-37"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>37<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>September 12, 2006, a bombing in Diyarbakir kills ten civilians. The <a href="/wiki/Turkish_Revenge_Brigade" title="Turkish Revenge Brigade">Turkish Revenge Brigade</a> (TİT) claimed responsibility for the attack on their website, threatening to kill ten Kurds for every Turk killed in the conflict.<sup id="cite_ref-38" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-38"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>38<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="2007">2007</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Timeline_of_the_Kurdistan_Workers%27_Party_insurgency_(1978%E2%80%932015)&action=edit&section=18" title="Edit section: 2007"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>May 22, 2007: A <a href="/wiki/2007_Ankara_bombing" title="2007 Ankara bombing">suicide bombing hits Ankara</a>, killing eight and wounding over 100. This attack was attributed to the PKK and the Turkish army decided to launch a military action against them.<sup id="cite_ref-39" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-39"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>39<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>May 31, 2007: The Turkish military announces they are prepared to launch an incursion into Iraq and sends extra tanks to border areas.<sup id="cite_ref-40" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-40"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>40<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-41" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-41"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>41<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Leader of the <a href="/wiki/Kurdistan_Regional_Government" class="mw-redirect" title="Kurdistan Regional Government">Kurdistan Regional Government</a> (KRG) <a href="/wiki/Massoud_Barzani" class="mw-redirect" title="Massoud Barzani">Massoud Barzani</a> warns that Turkish forces could face resistance from the Iraqi Kurdish <a href="/wiki/Peshmerga" title="Peshmerga">Peshmerga</a> forces.<sup id="cite_ref-42" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-42"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>42<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>June 2, 2007: American troops and civilians have withdrawn from all of Iraqi Kurdistan. Massoud Barzani again warns the Turkish military that any incursion will be fought against by the Peshmerga. Both Iraqi Prime Minister <a href="/wiki/Nouri_al-Maliki" title="Nouri al-Maliki">Nouri al-Maliki</a> and U.S. Defense Secretary <a href="/wiki/Robert_Gates" title="Robert Gates">Robert Gates</a> call upon Turkey to resolve the situation through diplomatic means.<sup id="cite_ref-43" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-43"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>43<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-44" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-44"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>44<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>June 4, 2007: A PKK grenade attack kills seven soldiers and wounds six at an army base in <a href="/wiki/Tunceli" title="Tunceli">Tunceli</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-45" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-45"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>45<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>June 5, 2007: There are reports of limited shelling and air strikes by the Turkish army attacking PKK bases in Iraqi Kurdistan. <sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (October 2007)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup></li> <li>June 7, 2007: Several hundred Turkish troops cross into Iraq on a "hot pursuit" raid against Turkish rebels.<sup id="cite_ref-46" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-46"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>46<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Turkey declares a three-month martial law in Kurdish areas near the Iraq border and bans civilian flights to the area. It has been confirmed that 3 Turkish soldiers have been killed by a PKK landmine.<sup id="cite_ref-47" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-47"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>47<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In a joint press conference with Iraqi President <a href="/wiki/Jalal_Talabani" title="Jalal Talabani">Jalal Talabani</a>, Massoud Barzani stated, "The news of Turkish incursion into Iraqi territories is groundless. But if the Turkish threats continue and Turkish troops try to enter into Iraq, this will be a flagrant violation of Iraq's sovereignty."<sup id="cite_ref-48" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-48"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>48<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>October 7, 2007: <a href="/wiki/October_2007_clashes_in_Hakk%C3%A2ri" title="October 2007 clashes in Hakkâri">Yüksekova incident</a>. 27 Turkish soldiers and 33 PKK militants are killed.</li> <li>Oct 17, 2007: Turkish Grand National Assembly approves a government request for their troops to cross the Iraqi border to attack Kurdish rebels.<sup id="cite_ref-49" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-49"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>49<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-50" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-50"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>50<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Action was delayed on request by the US government on the condition that "swift steps" were taken to deal with the militants.</li> <li>Oct 21, 2007: 12 Turkish troops are killed in a <a href="/wiki/21_October_2007_cross-border_attack_on_Turkey" class="mw-redirect" title="21 October 2007 cross-border attack on Turkey">PKK ambush</a> on an army post in the village of <a href="/wiki/Da%C4%9Fl%C4%B1ca,_Y%C3%BCksekova" title="Dağlıca, Yüksekova">Dağlıca</a>, within 10 miles of the Iraqi border.<sup id="cite_ref-51" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-51"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>51<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-52" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-52"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>52<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> This was part of a series of <a href="/wiki/October_2007_clashes_in_Hakk%C3%A2ri" title="October 2007 clashes in Hakkâri">October 2007 clashes in Hakkâri</a>.</li> <li>October 24, 2007: Turkish fighter jets bombed several PKK targets on the Iraqi side of the border.<sup id="cite_ref-53" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-53"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>53<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Anti-PKK_demonstration_in_Kadik%C3%B6y.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/35/Anti-PKK_demonstration_in_Kadik%C3%B6y.jpg/300px-Anti-PKK_demonstration_in_Kadik%C3%B6y.jpg" decoding="async" width="300" height="139" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/35/Anti-PKK_demonstration_in_Kadik%C3%B6y.jpg/450px-Anti-PKK_demonstration_in_Kadik%C3%B6y.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/35/Anti-PKK_demonstration_in_Kadik%C3%B6y.jpg/600px-Anti-PKK_demonstration_in_Kadik%C3%B6y.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1776" data-file-height="822" /></a><figcaption>A demonstration against the PKK in <a href="/wiki/Kad%C4%B1k%C3%B6y" title="Kadıköy">Kadıköy</a>, <a href="/wiki/Istanbul" title="Istanbul">Istanbul</a> on October 22, 2007</figcaption></figure> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="2008">2008</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Timeline_of_the_Kurdistan_Workers%27_Party_insurgency_(1978%E2%80%932015)&action=edit&section=19" title="Edit section: 2008"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>January 3, 2008, a bomb attack against a military vehicle outside a school in Diyarbakır kills five and injures 110 people.<sup id="cite_ref-recent_37-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-recent-37"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>37<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>February 21, 2008: Turkey launches a <a href="/wiki/2008_Turkish_incursion_into_northern_Iraq" title="2008 Turkish incursion into northern Iraq">ground incursion</a> into northern Iraq, sending 10,000 troops across the border supported by air assets.<sup id="cite_ref-54" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-54"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>54<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>May 9, 2008, three people are killed and five wounded in Batman province when a landmine destroys their minibus.<sup id="cite_ref-recent_37-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-recent-37"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>37<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>August 7, 2008: The PKK claimed responsibility for the explosion that halted the operation of the <a href="/wiki/Baku%E2%80%93Tbilisi%E2%80%93Ceyhan_pipeline" title="Baku–Tbilisi–Ceyhan pipeline">Baku-Tbilisi-Ceyhan oil pipeline</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-55" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-55"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>55<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>October 4, 2008: Fifteen Turkish soldiers were killed, with another 20 also wounded, after a PKK attack from northern Iraq with the firing of heavy weapons at a military outpost in the <a href="/wiki/Semdinli" class="mw-redirect" title="Semdinli">Semdinli</a> region bordering Iraq and Iran. At least 23 members of the PKK were also killed.<sup id="cite_ref-56" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-56"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>56<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> <p>A statement issued after an emergency meeting of the Counter Terrorism Higher Board, chaired by Prime Minister Recep Tayyip Erdogan, said: "Our struggle against terrorism will be pursued under all conditions and above all other concerns through effective cooperation between state bodies and every measure will be implemented with determination."<sup id="cite_ref-57" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-57"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>57<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The British foreign office said: "The United Kingdom utterly condemns Friday's terrorist attack in Hakkâri, Turkey. There can be no excuse for the use of violence to achieve one's aims. The UK stands shoulder-to-shoulder with Turkey in its fight against terrorism and strongly supports ongoing efforts between the Turkish and Iraqi authorities to prevent the PKK from using northern Iraq as a base from which to mount attacks against Turkey."<sup id="cite_ref-58" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-58"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>58<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-59" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-59"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>59<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The European Union also condemned the on the <a href="/wiki/Gendarmerie" title="Gendarmerie">gendarmerie</a> station in a statement released by the Union's French presidency, saying: "Europe expresses its complete solidarity with the Turkish authorities and offers its condolences to the families and friends of the victims."<sup id="cite_ref-60" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-60"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>60<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="2009">2009</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Timeline_of_the_Kurdistan_Workers%27_Party_insurgency_(1978%E2%80%932015)&action=edit&section=20" title="Edit section: 2009"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>April 29, 2009, a PKK detonated bomb kills nine soldiers after ripping through their vehicle in Diyarbakir province.<sup id="cite_ref-recent_37-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-recent-37"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>37<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>May 28, 2009: 6 Turkish soldiers were killed and 7 others were reportedly injured when their vehicle struck a landmine, in the <a href="/wiki/Hakk%C3%A2ri_Province" title="Hakkâri Province">Hakkâri Province</a> of south-eastern Turkey.<sup id="cite_ref-61" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-61"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>61<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>December 7, 2009: Seven Turkish soldiers were killed and three wounded in <a href="/wiki/Resadiye_shooting" class="mw-redirect" title="Resadiye shooting">an ambush</a> in <a href="/wiki/Resadiye" class="mw-redirect" title="Resadiye">Resadiye</a>, Northern Turkey. The gunmen are suspected Kurdish militants, but their identities have not yet been confirmed.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="2010">2010</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Timeline_of_the_Kurdistan_Workers%27_Party_insurgency_(1978%E2%80%932015)&action=edit&section=21" title="Edit section: 2010"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>April 15, 2010: In the <a href="/wiki/Siirt_Province" title="Siirt Province">Siirt Province</a> 2 PKK militants were killed and 3 soldiers wounded.<sup id="cite_ref-62" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-62"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>62<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>May 1, 2010: At least 4 Turkish soldiers were killed and another 7 others were apparently injured after PKK militants attacked a military command post within the <a href="/wiki/Tunceli_Province" title="Tunceli Province">Tunceli Province</a>, in eastern Turkey.<sup id="cite_ref-63" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-63"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>63<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>May 7, 2010: 2 Turkish soldiers and 5 PKK militants were killed in a clash, after Kurdish militants launched an overnight attack upon a military command post in the Daglica district, in the south-eastern Hakkâri Province. One other soldier was also reportedly injured in this engagement.<sup id="cite_ref-64" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-64"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>64<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>May 8, 2010: 2 Turkish soldiers were killed in two separate explosions, as they patrolled remote areas of both the <a href="/wiki/Hakk%C3%A2ri_Province" title="Hakkâri Province">Hakkâri Province</a> and the <a href="/wiki/%C5%9E%C4%B1rnak_Province" title="Şırnak Province">Şırnak Province</a>, which are border provinces of the country. Turkish special forces also pursued and killed at least 5 PKK militants, after they followed them into northern <a href="/wiki/Iraq" title="Iraq">Iraq</a> with helicopter gunships and drones. This Turkish incursion reportedly came as 2 other Turkish soldiers were killed by PKK militants, according to a military command website.<sup id="cite_ref-65" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-65"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>65<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>May 21, 2010: At least 4 PKK militants were killed when Turkish military aircraft attacked rebel targets inside northern <a href="/wiki/Iraq" title="Iraq">Iraq</a>. This incident has been proclaimed the largest government operation in more than a year, according to military officials in the country.<sup id="cite_ref-66" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-66"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>66<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>May 26, 2010: 4 PKK militants were killed by Turkish security forces, in a military clash within the mountainous <a href="/wiki/Tunceli_Province" title="Tunceli Province">Tunceli Province</a>, in eastern Turkey.<sup id="cite_ref-67" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-67"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>67<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>May 29, 2010: 2 Turkish soldiers and 3 state-backed <a href="/wiki/Village_guard_system" title="Village guard system">village guards</a> were killed in two separate clashes with PKK militants within the <a href="/wiki/%C5%9E%C4%B1rnak_Province" title="Şırnak Province">Şırnak Province</a>, of south eastern Turkey. It has also been reported that 6 other people were wounded in these two clashes.<sup id="cite_ref-68" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-68"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>68<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>May 31, 2010: <a href="/wiki/Iskenderun" class="mw-redirect" title="Iskenderun">Iskenderun</a>, Turkey PKK fighters launched a rocket attack against a Turkish naval base in the Mediterranean port city of Iskenderun, in southern Turkey. It was later reported that at least 6 Turkish soldiers were killed in this attack and that another 7 other soldiers were apparently wounded in this rocket assault.<sup id="cite_ref-69" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-69"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>69<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>June 11, 2010: 1 Turkish soldier was killed and 14 other people were wounded after PKK militants launched two attacks against security forces within the <a href="/wiki/Hakk%C3%A2ri_Province" title="Hakkâri Province">Hakkâri Province</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Tunceli_Province" title="Tunceli Province">Tunceli Province</a> in the east of the country.<sup id="cite_ref-70" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-70"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>70<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>June 16, 2010: 4 PKK militants were killed by Turkish security forces in an offensive across the border into northern <a href="/wiki/Iraq" title="Iraq">Iraq</a>. The Turkish military have also claimed that air strikes were also launched against rebel positions deeper inside the Iraqi territory.<sup id="cite_ref-71" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-71"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>71<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>June 19, 2010: At least 8 Turkish soldiers were killed and another 14 other soldiers were wounded in a clash with PKK militants at an outpost near the city of <a href="/wiki/Semdinli" class="mw-redirect" title="Semdinli">Semdinli</a>, in the <a href="/wiki/Hakk%C3%A2ri_Province" title="Hakkâri Province">Hakkâri Province</a>. It has been reported that this particular clash came as PKK militants launched a raid upon a Turkish outpost near to the city of Semdinli. It is known that 12 PKK militants were also killed in these subsequent clashes and that Turkish military aircraft later proceeded to bomb PKK militant positions in the north of <a href="/wiki/Iraq" title="Iraq">Iraq</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-72" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-72"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>72<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Two further Turkish soldiers were killed when PKK militants trod on a land mine.<sup id="cite_ref-73" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-73"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>73<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>June 22, 2010: At least 5 people were killed and 12 others were injured after a remote-control bomb exploded near to a military convoy within Turkey's largest city in <a href="/wiki/Istanbul" title="Istanbul">Istanbul</a>. It was later reported that those killed consisted of 4 Turkish soldiers and 1 civilian, as both military personnel and civilians were present aboard this military bus. Another 12 others were also injured in this bombing, with two of those in a critical condition. This incident was later considered by Turkish authorities to be a terrorist attack and PKK militants are being considered as the most likely of perpetrators. At least 7 PKK militants and 1 Turkish soldier were killed in clashes within different areas and provinces of the country. It was also reported that two soldiers and three civilians had apparently been wounded in these clashes and that one PKK militant had been captured by the Turkish security forces in these operations.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (July 2021)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup></li> <li>June 25, 2010: 2 PKK militants were killed by Turkish police after the Turkish security forces attacked their hideout after they had received a tip-off, in the eastern sectors of the country.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (July 2021)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup></li> <li>June 28, 2010: Turkish military warplanes bombarded PKK military positions in the Sidakan district of the <a href="/wiki/Arbil_province" class="mw-redirect" title="Arbil province">Arbil province</a> within the mountainous region of north-eastern <a href="/wiki/Iraq" title="Iraq">Iraq</a>. There were no accurate reports on the extent to how much damage or how many casualties were sustained in this renewed bombing campaign.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (July 2021)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup></li> <li>July 1, 2010: 2 Turkish soldiers, 3 government-allied militia and 12 PKK militants were killed in clashes near the town of <a href="/wiki/Pervari" title="Pervari">Pervari</a> within the <a href="/wiki/Siirt_Province" title="Siirt Province">Siirt Province</a>, in south-eastern Turkey.<sup id="cite_ref-74" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-74"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>74<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>July 6, 2010: 3 Turkish soldiers and 13 PKK militants were killed in two separate incidents after Kurdish rebels attacked a Turkish military outpost and yet also attacked a Turkish military patrol, in both the <a href="/wiki/Hakk%C3%A2ri_Province" title="Hakkâri Province">Hakkâri Province</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Elazig_Province" class="mw-redirect" title="Elazig Province">Elazig Province</a> within south-eastern Turkey. It was also reported that a total of nine Turkish soldiers were apparently injured in these two particular attacks towards the Turkish military within these two different provinces, which are located within the east and the south-eastern sectors of the country.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (July 2021)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup></li> <li>July 20, 2010: 6 Turkish soldiers were killed and 15 other soldiers were reportedly injured after PKK militants launched an attack upon a military outpost, near to the town of <a href="/wiki/Cukurca" class="mw-redirect" title="Cukurca">Cukurca</a> within the <a href="/wiki/Hakk%C3%A2ri_Province" title="Hakkâri Province">Hakkâri Province</a> of south-eastern Turkey. It was also reported that 1 PKK militant was also reportedly killed in this attack upon the military outpost. It was later reported that one Turkish soldier was killed in a separate attack after his military unit was fired upon by PKK militants within the <a href="/wiki/Van_Province" title="Van Province">Van Province</a>, of eastern Turkey. This latest attack brings the total number of Turkish soldiers to be killed in PKK militant attacks to seven on this particular day.<sup id="cite_ref-75" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-75"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>75<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>August 5, 2010: 1 Turkish soldier and 6 PKK militants were killed in military clashes between the two forces. In a separate incident, it was reported that 3 PKK militants were killed in the <a href="/w/index.php?title=Hakk%C3%A2ri_province&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Hakkâri province (page does not exist)">Hakkâri province</a> within the south-east of the country in clashes with the Turkish military. Meanwhile, it is also known that another 3 PKK militants were also apparently killed after they opened fire at a local governor's office within the eastern city of <a href="/wiki/Van,_Turkey" title="Van, Turkey">Van</a>. In this clash, it was reported that 2 police officers apparently sustained injuries in this militant attack. It was reported that police also managed to confiscate explosives from a car near to the city of <a href="/wiki/Diyarbakir" class="mw-redirect" title="Diyarbakir">Diyarbakir</a>, in south-eastern Turkey. It is known that 2 suspected PKK militants were reportedly detained by the authorities after this incident.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (July 2021)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup></li> <li>August 9, 2010: 5 PKK militants were killed in clashes with the Turkish military within the <a href="/wiki/Batman_Province" title="Batman Province">Batman Province</a> of south-eastern Turkey. It was also reported that 2 Turkish soldiers were also reportedly injured during these military clashes.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (July 2021)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup></li> <li>September 7, 2010: 1 Turkish soldier and 9 PKK militants were killed after clashes broke out after militants had raided a hydroelectric power plant within the Dinar Deresi region of the <a href="/wiki/Tunceli_province" class="mw-redirect" title="Tunceli province">Tunceli province</a>, which is located in eastern Turkey.<sup id="cite_ref-76" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-76"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>76<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>September 16, 2010: At least 9 Kurdish civilians were killed and 3 others were reportedly injured in a minibus blast, which is believed to have been caused by a suspected mine explosion that occurred near to the city of <a href="/wiki/Hakk%C3%A2ri_(city)" title="Hakkâri (city)">Hakkâri</a>, in south-eastern Turkey. PKK militants are suspected of carrying out this particular bombing.<sup id="cite_ref-77" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-77"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>77<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="2011">2011</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Timeline_of_the_Kurdistan_Workers%27_Party_insurgency_(1978%E2%80%932015)&action=edit&section=22" title="Edit section: 2011"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>March 15, 2011: 3 PKK militants who were noticed during a routine field scanning mission were killed.<sup id="cite_ref-78" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-78"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>78<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>April 2011: In <a href="/wiki/Kahramanmara%C5%9F" title="Kahramanmaraş">Kahramanmaraş</a> in Turkey's <a href="/wiki/Mediterranean_Region,_Turkey" class="mw-redirect" title="Mediterranean Region, Turkey">Mediterranean Region</a>, three PKK militants were shot dead by security forces amidst protracted street protests.<sup id="cite_ref-79" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-79"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>79<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>May 2011: 12 PKK militants were killed while they were trying to pass the Turkish-Iraqi border.</li> <li>July 14, 2011: <a href="/wiki/Silvan_ambush" title="Silvan ambush">Silvan ambush</a>, 13 Turkish soldiers were killed in an ambush by PKK separatists, who used grenades and small arms fire. The PKK also suffered seven militants killed.</li> <li>July 24: Three Turkish soldiers are killed in an ambush near Ikipinar, in Mardin province.<sup id="cite_ref-80" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-80"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>80<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>August 17: Nine soldiers and a village guard die in landmine blasts in Hakkâri province.<sup id="cite_ref-todayszaman_81-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-todayszaman-81"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>81<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-82" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-82"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>82<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>August 18: In response to the Hakkâri attack, Turkish F-16s <a href="/wiki/August_2011_Turkey-Iraq_cross-border_raids" class="mw-redirect" title="August 2011 Turkey-Iraq cross-border raids">launched attacks</a> on PKK positions in northern Iraq. Turkey claimed to have hit 168 targets in Iraq, including in the <a href="/wiki/Qandil_Mountains" title="Qandil Mountains">Qandil Mountains</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-83" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-83"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>83<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>September 21: PKK killed 4 Kurdish civilian women and wounded 2 others in Siirt by attacking a civilian vehicle.<sup id="cite_ref-84" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-84"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>84<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>October 19: PKK killed 24 Turkish soldiers during overnight <a href="/wiki/October_2011_Turkey%E2%80%93PKK_clashes" class="mw-redirect" title="October 2011 Turkey–PKK clashes">attacks</a> on military installations in <a href="/wiki/Hakk%C3%A2ri_Province" title="Hakkâri Province">Hakkâri province</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-85" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-85"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>85<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> PKK lost 23 militants in the attack,<sup id="cite_ref-Taraf_aşk_86-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Taraf_aşk-86"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>86<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and at least 49 more on the following <a href="/wiki/October_2011_Turkey%E2%80%93PKK_clashes" class="mw-redirect" title="October 2011 Turkey–PKK clashes">operations</a> by Turkish army.<sup id="cite_ref-radikal-49olu_87-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-radikal-49olu-87"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>87<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>December 28–29: 35 Kurdish civilians (probably smugglers), mostly teenagers, were killed by Turkish airforce jet <a href="/wiki/Uludere_airstrike" class="mw-redirect" title="Uludere airstrike">bombardment</a> on the Turkish-Iraqi Kurdistan border. The Turkish government offered compensation for the families of the killed,<sup id="cite_ref-88" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-88"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>88<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> who according to Turkish officials were mistakenly killed in airstrike, identifying them as PKK militants. Turkish President Erdogan expressed personal regret over the killing.<sup id="cite_ref-89" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-89"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>89<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Turkey's largest pro-Kurdish party at the time, the BDP, called the event a "crime against humanity".<sup id="cite_ref-alarabiya1202_90-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-alarabiya1202-90"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>90<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="2012">2012</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Timeline_of_the_Kurdistan_Workers%27_Party_insurgency_(1978%E2%80%932015)&action=edit&section=23" title="Edit section: 2012"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>February 8–9: Turkish clashes with PKK militants kill 14. Among the PKK, 13 were killed, 3 were captured and two wounded; 1 Turkish soldier was killed as well.<sup id="cite_ref-91" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-91"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>91<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>February 11–12: Turkish warplanes performed overnight strikes on suspected PKK targets in northern Iraq.<sup id="cite_ref-alarabiya1202_90-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-alarabiya1202-90"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>90<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The planes targeted the Zab and Hakurk areas, returning successfully according to Turkish military sources.<sup id="cite_ref-alarabiya1202_90-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-alarabiya1202-90"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>90<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>May 25: A suicide attack was made to a police office in <a href="/wiki/Kayseri" title="Kayseri">Kayseri</a>, killing one police officer.<sup id="cite_ref-92" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-92"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>92<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>June 12: A bomb was exploded in front of a police office in İstinye, Istanbul. Only the perpetrator died.</li> <li>July 23: A military operation was commenced in Şemdinli, Hakkari. Operation lasted until August 11, 115 guerillas and 8 soldiers were killed.<sup id="cite_ref-93" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-93"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>93<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>August 9: In <a href="/wiki/Fo%C3%A7a" title="Foça">Foça</a>, İzmir, a bus exploded in a bombing that killed two soldiers and wounding several civilians.</li> <li>August 12: Kurdish MP <a href="/wiki/H%C3%BCseyin_Ayg%C3%BCn" title="Hüseyin Aygün">Hüseyin Aygün</a> was kidnapped in his home town by PKK. He was released two days later.</li> <li>August 19: On the first day of the religious fest, 15 guerillas were killed in the province of Hakkari and two soldiers died in a mine explosion.<sup id="cite_ref-94" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-94"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>94<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>August 20: On the evening of the second day of the religious fest, a car full of explosives was exploded in the province of <a href="/wiki/Gaziantep" title="Gaziantep">Gaziantep</a>, killing 9 civilians (four of them were children) and wounding 56.<sup id="cite_ref-95" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-95"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>95<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> With this attack, the number of civilian casualties since 2007 reached 65, including 23 children.<sup id="cite_ref-96" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-96"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>96<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>August 21: In the morning, nine soldiers died in a car accident involving a military vehicle in the Kurdish populated region, <a href="/wiki/Uludere" title="Uludere">Uludere</a>, <a href="/wiki/%C5%9E%C4%B1rnak" title="Şırnak">Şırnak</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-97" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-97"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>97<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> On the evening, 6 PKK fighters have been killed in Şırnak.<sup id="cite_ref-98" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-98"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>98<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>August 22: A landmine explosion near a military vehicle killed 5 soldiers.<sup id="cite_ref-99" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-99"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>99<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>August 23: Turkish soldiers killed 21 PKK fighters who launched a bomb attack on a military convoy that killed five soldiers.<sup id="cite_ref-100" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-100"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>100<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-101" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-101"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>101<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>September 1: After a week of unofficial ceasefire, PKK attacked a group of soldiers and wounded one. On the evening of the same day, Turkish forces killed an insurgent in a pursuing conflict.<sup id="cite_ref-102" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-102"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>102<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>September 2: 10 soldiers were killed in an outpost raid in Beytüşşebap, Şırnak, leaving 20 insurgents dead in return.<sup id="cite_ref-103" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-103"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>103<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> With this attack, since June 2011, nearly 800 people have died in the conflict in Turkey, including about 500 PKK fighters, more than 200 security personnel and about 85 civilians, according to estimates by thinktank the International Crisis Group.<sup id="cite_ref-104" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-104"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>104<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>September 7: 30 insurgents were killed and 1 soldier died in a major offensive in Mount Kato, following a suspicious arsenal blast in <a href="/wiki/Afyon" class="mw-redirect" title="Afyon">Afyon</a> which claimed the lives of 25 soldiers.<sup id="cite_ref-105" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-105"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>105<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>September 9: 25 PKK fighters were killed in cross-border bombings in Iraq.<sup id="cite_ref-106" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-106"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>106<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>September 10: 2 Turkish soldiers were killed and 7 others were wounded in an armed conflict in Şemdinli, Hakkari.<sup id="cite_ref-107" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-107"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>107<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>September 12: 2 Turkish soldiers and 25 PKK fighters were killed in an armed conflict in Şemdinli, Hakkari.<sup id="cite_ref-108" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-108"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>108<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="2013–2015:_Peace_process"><span id="2013.E2.80.932015:_Peace_process"></span>2013–2015: Peace process</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Timeline_of_the_Kurdistan_Workers%27_Party_insurgency_(1978%E2%80%932015)&action=edit&section=24" title="Edit section: 2013–2015: Peace process"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/2013%E2%80%932015_PKK%E2%80%93Turkey_peace_process" title="2013–2015 PKK–Turkey peace process">2013–2015 PKK–Turkey peace process</a></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="2012_2">2012</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Timeline_of_the_Kurdistan_Workers%27_Party_insurgency_(1978%E2%80%932015)&action=edit&section=25" title="Edit section: 2012"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>December 28: Prime Minister <a href="/wiki/Recep_Tayyip_Erdo%C4%9Fan" title="Recep Tayyip Erdoğan">Recep Tayyip Erdoğan</a> revealed that the <a href="/wiki/National_Intelligence_Organization_(Turkey)" class="mw-redirect" title="National Intelligence Organization (Turkey)">National Intelligence Organization</a> (MİT) had been visiting <a href="/wiki/Abdullah_%C3%96calan" title="Abdullah Öcalan">Abdullah Öcalan</a> to find a solution to end the conflict.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="2013">2013</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Timeline_of_the_Kurdistan_Workers%27_Party_insurgency_(1978%E2%80%932015)&action=edit&section=26" title="Edit section: 2013"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>3 January – <a href="/wiki/Ahmet_T%C3%BCrk" title="Ahmet Türk">Ahmet Türk</a> and BDP deputy <a href="/wiki/Ayla_Akat_Ata" title="Ayla Akat Ata">Ayla Akat Ata</a> went to <a href="/wiki/%C4%B0mral%C4%B1" title="İmralı">İmralı</a> island where they met Abdullah Öcalan.</li> <li>7 January – 14 PKK rebels killed on Iraqi Kurdistan border.<sup id="cite_ref-109" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-109"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>109<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>9 January – <a href="/wiki/Sakine_Cans%C4%B1z" title="Sakine Cansız">Sakine Cansiz</a>, a founding member of the PKK and the PKK administrators <a href="/wiki/Fidan_Do%C4%9Fan" title="Fidan Doğan">Fidan Doğan</a>, <a href="/wiki/Leyla_S%C3%B6ylemez" title="Leyla Söylemez">Leyla Söylemez</a> were <a href="/wiki/Triple_murder_of_Kurdish_activists_in_Paris" class="mw-redirect" title="Triple murder of Kurdish activists in Paris">assassinated in Paris</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-110" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-110"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>110<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>14 February – The Turkish government has announced that a second delegation of BDP members will be meeting with Öcalan.<sup id="cite_ref-111" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-111"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>111<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>23 February – BDP deputy parliamentary group chair <a href="/wiki/Pervin_Buldan" title="Pervin Buldan">Pervin Buldan</a>, <a href="/wiki/Istanbul" title="Istanbul">Istanbul</a> deputy <a href="/wiki/S%C4%B1rr%C4%B1_S%C3%BCreyya_%C3%96nder" title="Sırrı Süreyya Önder">Sırrı Süreyya Önder</a> and <a href="/wiki/Diyarbak%C4%B1r" title="Diyarbakır">Diyarbakır</a> deputy Altan Tan went to Öcalan's prison on İmralı island. The delegation, which was granted special authorization by the <a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_Justice_(Turkey)" title="Ministry of Justice (Turkey)">Ministry of Justice</a> to hold deliberations with Abdullah Öcalan, heard out the PKK leader's proposed roadmap for the government to put an end to the issue of terrorism in the country. Öcalan also passed on letters to Kandil, the PKK's European administration and to the public via the BDP delegation.<sup id="cite_ref-112" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-112"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>112<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>11 March – A six-person delegation has left <a href="/wiki/Diyarbak%C4%B1r" title="Diyarbakır">Diyarbakır</a> to meet the eight public workers to be released by PKK in <a href="/wiki/Iraq" title="Iraq">Iraq</a>. The delegation included <a href="/wiki/Sebahat_Tuncel" title="Sebahat Tuncel">Sebahat Tuncel</a>, a BDP MP; <a href="/wiki/%C3%96zt%C3%BCrk_T%C3%BCrkdo%C4%9Fan" title="Öztürk Türkdoğan">Öztürk Türkdoğan</a>, the president of <a href="/wiki/Human_Rights_Association_(Turkey)" title="Human Rights Association (Turkey)">Human Rights Association</a> (IHD) and Ahmet Faruk Ünsalt, he Chairman of <a href="/wiki/Mazlumder" title="Mazlumder">Mazlumder</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-113" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-113"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>113<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>13 March – The PKK freed eight Turkish prisoners held for two years in Iraq. The release of the eight captives came after a request by Öcalan.<sup id="cite_ref-114" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-114"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>114<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>3 April – Turkey has set up a consultative body of "wise people" to help shape public opinion on the peace process with the PKK.<sup id="cite_ref-115" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-115"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>115<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>8 May – PKK members start withdrawal from Turkey.<sup id="cite_ref-116" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-116"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>116<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>9 May – The wise people committee gave its first report to Erdoğan and shared their impressions on the level of support regarding the process.<sup id="cite_ref-117" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-117"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>117<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>6 December – 2 Kurds killed in clashes over PKK cemetery.<sup id="cite_ref-118" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-118"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>118<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> 1 later died in hospital.<sup id="cite_ref-119" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-119"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>119<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="2014">2014</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Timeline_of_the_Kurdistan_Workers%27_Party_insurgency_(1978%E2%80%932015)&action=edit&section=27" title="Edit section: 2014"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>16 July – 3 Turkish soldiers and 6 PYD/PKK members killed on Turkish-Syrian border.<sup id="cite_ref-120" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-120"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>120<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>7–10 October – At least 37 people (including 2 police officers) were killed in the so-called <a href="/wiki/2014_Koban%C3%AE_protests" title="2014 Kobanî protests">Kobane protests</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-121" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-121"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>121<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Early_2015">Early 2015</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Timeline_of_the_Kurdistan_Workers%27_Party_insurgency_(1978%E2%80%932015)&action=edit&section=28" title="Edit section: Early 2015"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>22 March – Abdullah Ocalan wrote a letter to Turkey. His letter states a new era with PKK and Turkey. That means peace with PKK and Turkey and go against ISIL.<sup id="cite_ref-122" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-122"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>122<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Timeline_of_the_Kurdistan_Workers%27_Party_insurgency_(1978%E2%80%932015)&action=edit&section=29" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_the_Kurdistan_Workers%27_Party_insurgency_(2015%E2%80%93present)" title="Timeline of the Kurdistan Workers' Party insurgency (2015–present)">Timeline of the Kurdistan Workers' Party insurgency (2015–present)</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Timeline_of_the_Kurdistan_Workers%27_Party_insurgency_(1978%E2%80%932015)&action=edit&section=30" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130114042731/http://www.egm.gov.tr/temuh/terorgrup1.html">"TÜRKİYE'DE HALEN FAALİYETLERİNE DEVAM EDEN – BAŞLICA TERÖR ÖRGÜTLERİ"</a> [STILL IN TURKEY CONTINUING ACTIVITIES – MAJOR TERROR ORGANIZATIONS] (in Turkish). Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.egm.gov.tr/temuh/terorgrup1.html">the original</a> on January 14, 2013<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">August 15,</span> 2008</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=T%C3%9CRK%C4%B0YE%27DE+HALEN+FAAL%C4%B0YETLER%C4%B0NE+DEVAM+EDEN+%E2%80%93+BA%C5%9ELICA+TER%C3%96R+%C3%96RG%C3%9CTLER%C4%B0&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.egm.gov.tr%2Ftemuh%2Fterorgrup1.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATimeline+of+the+Kurdistan+Workers%27+Party+insurgency+%281978%E2%80%932015%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Kilicdaroglu-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Kilicdaroglu_2-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Kilicdaroglu_2-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20100922195503/http://www.businessweek.com/news/2010-05-23/sex-scandal-shake-up-reinvigorates-turkish-opposition-party.html">"Sex Scandal Shake-Up Reinvigorates Turkish Opposition Party"</a>. <i>Bloomberg BusinessWeek</i>. May 23, 2010. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.businessweek.com/news/2010-05-23/sex-scandal-shake-up-reinvigorates-turkish-opposition-party.html">the original</a> on September 22, 2010<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">April 15,</span> 2011</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Bloomberg+BusinessWeek&rft.atitle=Sex+Scandal+Shake-Up+Reinvigorates+Turkish+Opposition+Party&rft.date=2010-05-23&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.businessweek.com%2Fnews%2F2010-05-23%2Fsex-scandal-shake-up-reinvigorates-turkish-opposition-party.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATimeline+of+the+Kurdistan+Workers%27+Party+insurgency+%281978%E2%80%932015%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.jamestown.org/single/?no_cache=1&tx_ttnews%5Btt_news%5D=936">"The Kurdistan Freedom Falcons Emerges as a Rival to the PKK"</a>. <i>The Jamestown Foundation</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">February 11,</span> 2015</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+Jamestown+Foundation&rft.atitle=The+Kurdistan+Freedom+Falcons+Emerges+as+a+Rival+to+the+PKK&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.jamestown.org%2Fsingle%2F%3Fno_cache%3D1%26tx_ttnews%255Btt_news%255D%3D936&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATimeline+of+the+Kurdistan+Workers%27+Party+insurgency+%281978%E2%80%932015%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-security-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-security_4-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-security_4-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.globalsecurity.org/military/world/para/pkk.htm">"Kongra-Gel / Kurdistan Freedom and Democracy Congress (KADEK) / Kurdistan Workers' Party (PKK)"</a>. <i>Globalsecurity.org</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">February 4,</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Globalsecurity.org&rft.atitle=Kongra-Gel+%2F+Kurdistan+Freedom+and+Democracy+Congress+%28KADEK%29+%2F+Kurdistan+Workers%27+Party+%28PKK%29&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.globalsecurity.org%2Fmilitary%2Fworld%2Fpara%2Fpkk.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATimeline+of+the+Kurdistan+Workers%27+Party+insurgency+%281978%E2%80%932015%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ekurd.net/mismas/articles/misc2011/1/turkey3107.htm">"Kurdish PKK leader: We will not withdraw our autonomy demand"</a>. Ekurd.net<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">April 15,</span> 2011</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Kurdish+PKK+leader%3A+We+will+not+withdraw+our+autonomy+demand&rft.pub=Ekurd.net&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ekurd.net%2Fmismas%2Farticles%2Fmisc2011%2F1%2Fturkey3107.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATimeline+of+the+Kurdistan+Workers%27+Party+insurgency+%281978%E2%80%932015%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDavid_O'Byrne2010" class="citation news cs1">David O'Byrne (July 21, 2010). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-europe-10707935">"PKK 'would disarm for Kurdish rights in Turkey'<span class="cs1-kern-right"></span>"</a>. BBC<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">April 15,</span> 2011</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=PKK+%27would+disarm+for+Kurdish+rights+in+Turkey%27&rft.date=2010-07-21&rft.au=David+O%27Byrne&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.bbc.co.uk%2Fnews%2Fworld-europe-10707935&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATimeline+of+the+Kurdistan+Workers%27+Party+insurgency+%281978%E2%80%932015%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-abdullah-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-abdullah_7-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-abdullah_7-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-abdullah_7-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-abdullah_7-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-abdullah_7-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-abdullah_7-5"><sup><i><b>f</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-abdullah_7-6"><sup><i><b>g</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-abdullah_7-7"><sup><i><b>h</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20070517214403/http://www.xs4all.nl/~kicadam/kurdistan/2_99/ocalan.html">"Abdullah Öcalan en de ontwikkeling van de PKK"</a>. Xs4all.nl. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.xs4all.nl/~kicadam/kurdistan/2_99/ocalan.html">the original</a> on May 17, 2007<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">August 29,</span> 2010</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Abdullah+%C3%96calan+en+de+ontwikkeling+van+de+PKK&rft.pub=Xs4all.nl&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.xs4all.nl%2F~kicadam%2Fkurdistan%2F2_99%2Focalan.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATimeline+of+the+Kurdistan+Workers%27+Party+insurgency+%281978%E2%80%932015%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-8">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.fas.org/irp/world/para/pkk.htm">"Kurdistan Workers' Party (PKK)"</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">February 11,</span> 2015</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Kurdistan+Workers%27+Party+%28PKK%29&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.fas.org%2Firp%2Fworld%2Fpara%2Fpkk.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATimeline+of+the+Kurdistan+Workers%27+Party+insurgency+%281978%E2%80%932015%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-ceasefires-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-ceasefires_9-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20111125090153/http://www.aknews.com/en/aknews/9/193730/?AKmobile=true">"PKK has repeatedly asked for a ceasefire of peace since their establishment in the past 17 years"</a>. Aknews.com. November 6, 2010. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.aknews.com/en/aknews/9/193730/?AKmobile=true">the original</a> on November 25, 2011<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">April 15,</span> 2011</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=PKK+has+repeatedly+asked+for+a+ceasefire+of+peace+since+their+establishment+in+the+past+17+years&rft.pub=Aknews.com&rft.date=2010-11-06&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.aknews.com%2Fen%2Faknews%2F9%2F193730%2F%3FAKmobile%3Dtrue&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATimeline+of+the+Kurdistan+Workers%27+Party+insurgency+%281978%E2%80%932015%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-jamestown-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-jamestown_10-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFJenkins" class="citation web cs1">Jenkins, Gareth. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.jamestown.org/single/?no_cache=1&tx_ttnews%5Btt_news%5D=4494">"PKK Changes Battlefield Tactics to Force Turkey into Negotiations"</a>. Jamestown.org<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">April 15,</span> 2011</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=PKK+Changes+Battlefield+Tactics+to+Force+Turkey+into+Negotiations&rft.pub=Jamestown.org&rft.aulast=Jenkins&rft.aufirst=Gareth&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.jamestown.org%2Fsingle%2F%3Fno_cache%3D1%26tx_ttnews%255Btt_news%255D%3D4494&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATimeline+of+the+Kurdistan+Workers%27+Party+insurgency+%281978%E2%80%932015%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-ataa-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-ataa_11-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ataa.org/reference/pkk/pkk.html">"PKK/KONGRA-GEL and Terrorism"</a>. Ataa.org<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">April 15,</span> 2011</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=PKK%2FKONGRA-GEL+and+Terrorism&rft.pub=Ataa.org&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ataa.org%2Freference%2Fpkk%2Fpkk.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATimeline+of+the+Kurdistan+Workers%27+Party+insurgency+%281978%E2%80%932015%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-david-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-david_12-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">A modern history of the Kurds, By David McDowall, page 415, at <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=1tarN6gfxX8C&dq=Maras+Massacre&pg=PA415">Google Books</a>, accessed on May 1, 2011</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-13">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.urfanatik.com/amp/haber/3574347/terorun-ilk-magduru-fatih-bucak">"TERÖRÜN İLK MAĞDURU FATİH BUCAK - Şanlıurfa Siyaset Haberleri"</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=TER%C3%96R%C3%9CN+%C4%B0LK+MA%C4%9EDURU+FAT%C4%B0H+BUCAK+-+%C5%9Eanl%C4%B1urfa+Siyaset+Haberleri&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.urfanatik.com%2Famp%2Fhaber%2F3574347%2Fterorun-ilk-magduru-fatih-bucak&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATimeline+of+the+Kurdistan+Workers%27+Party+insurgency+%281978%E2%80%932015%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-14">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.tkb.org/Incident.jsp?incID=249">"ASALA and PKK attacked Diplomatic target (1980-11-10, France)"</a>. MIPT<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">March 23,</span> 2007</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=ASALA+and+PKK+attacked+Diplomatic+target+%281980-11-10%2C+France%29&rft.pub=MIPT&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.tkb.org%2FIncident.jsp%3FincID%3D249&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATimeline+of+the+Kurdistan+Workers%27+Party+insurgency+%281978%E2%80%932015%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-prison-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-prison_15-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-prison_15-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">See the online edition <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.gundem-online.com/yazdir.asp?haberid=55278">of Gündem of July 14, 2008</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110711133504/http://www.gundem-online.com/yazdir.asp?haberid=55278">Archived</a> July 11, 2011, at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> (Turkish); accessed on September 18, 2009</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-16">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFZiółkowski2020" class="citation book cs1">Ziółkowski, Grzegorz (February 13, 2020). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=Oe7QDwAAQBAJ&q=ferhat+kurtay+self+immolation&pg=PT61"><i>A Cruel Theatre of Self-Immolations: Contemporary Suicide Protests by Fire and Their Resonances in Culture</i></a>. Routledge. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-429-60222-1" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-429-60222-1"><bdi>978-0-429-60222-1</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=A+Cruel+Theatre+of+Self-Immolations%3A+Contemporary+Suicide+Protests+by+Fire+and+Their+Resonances+in+Culture&rft.pub=Routledge&rft.date=2020-02-13&rft.isbn=978-0-429-60222-1&rft.aulast=Zi%C3%B3%C5%82kowski&rft.aufirst=Grzegorz&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DOe7QDwAAQBAJ%26q%3Dferhat%2Bkurtay%2Bself%2Bimmolation%26pg%3DPT61&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATimeline+of+the+Kurdistan+Workers%27+Party+insurgency+%281978%E2%80%932015%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-17">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Report of the <a href="/wiki/Human_Rights_Foundation_of_Turkey" title="Human Rights Foundation of Turkey">Human Rights Foundation of Turkey</a>: <i>File of Torture: Deaths in Detention Places or Prisons (12 September 1980 – 12 September 1995)</i>, Ankara, March 1996 <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9757217093" title="Special:BookSources/9757217093">9757217093</a>, page 68</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-18">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFYildizBreau2010" class="citation book cs1">Yildiz, Kerim; Breau, Susan (June 21, 2010). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=QuQBdYSc4d8C&pg=PA16"><i>The Kurdish Conflict</i></a>. Taylor & Francis. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780203849330" title="Special:BookSources/9780203849330"><bdi>9780203849330</bdi></a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">February 11,</span> 2015</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Kurdish+Conflict&rft.pub=Taylor+%26+Francis&rft.date=2010-06-21&rft.isbn=9780203849330&rft.aulast=Yildiz&rft.aufirst=Kerim&rft.au=Breau%2C+Susan&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DQuQBdYSc4d8C%26pg%3DPA16&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATimeline+of+the+Kurdistan+Workers%27+Party+insurgency+%281978%E2%80%932015%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-asylumlawkurds-19"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-asylumlawkurds_19-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-asylumlawkurds_19-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-asylumlawkurds_19-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-asylumlawkurds_19-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-asylumlawkurds_19-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-asylumlawkurds_19-5"><sup><i><b>f</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-asylumlawkurds_19-6"><sup><i><b>g</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-asylumlawkurds_19-7"><sup><i><b>h</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKathie_Young1999" class="citation web cs1">Kathie Young (June 1999) [Jonathan Fox, September 19, 1995]. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110716081035/http://www.asylumlaw.org/docs/turkey/mar99_turkey_kurds.pdf">"Kurds in Turkey"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.asylumlaw.org/docs/turkey/mar99_turkey_kurds.pdf">the original</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> on July 16, 2011<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">April 15,</span> 2011</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Kurds+in+Turkey&rft.date=1999-06&rft.au=Kathie+Young&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.asylumlaw.org%2Fdocs%2Fturkey%2Fmar99_turkey_kurds.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATimeline+of+the+Kurdistan+Workers%27+Party+insurgency+%281978%E2%80%932015%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-20"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-20">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFUnited_Nations_High_Commissioner_for_Refugees" class="citation web cs1">United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.unhcr.org/refworld/country,,MARP,,TUR,,469f38e91e,0.html">"Refworld – Chronology for Kurds in Turkey"</a>. <i>Refworld</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">February 11,</span> 2015</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Refworld&rft.atitle=Refworld+%E2%80%93+Chronology+for+Kurds+in+Turkey&rft.au=United+Nations+High+Commissioner+for+Refugees&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.unhcr.org%2Frefworld%2Fcountry%2C%2CMARP%2C%2CTUR%2C%2C469f38e91e%2C0.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATimeline+of+the+Kurdistan+Workers%27+Party+insurgency+%281978%E2%80%932015%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-21"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-21">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAylin2016" class="citation web cs1">Aylin, Güney (March 4, 2016). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160304235112/http://podcast.zirve.edu.tr/sandbox/groups/economicsandadministrativesciences/wiki/ff77d/attachments/9cd42/W3-G%C3%BCney.pdf">"The People's Democracy Party"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. pp. <span class="nowrap">124–</span>125. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://podcast.zirve.edu.tr/sandbox/groups/economicsandadministrativesciences/wiki/ff77d/attachments/9cd42/W3-G%C3%BCney.pdf">the original</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> on March 4, 2016<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">May 19,</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=The+People%27s+Democracy+Party&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E124-%3C%2Fspan%3E125&rft.date=2016-03-04&rft.aulast=Aylin&rft.aufirst=G%C3%BCney&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fpodcast.zirve.edu.tr%2Fsandbox%2Fgroups%2Feconomicsandadministrativesciences%2Fwiki%2Fff77d%2Fattachments%2F9cd42%2FW3-G%25C3%25BCney.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATimeline+of+the+Kurdistan+Workers%27+Party+insurgency+%281978%E2%80%932015%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-22"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-22">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWatts2011" class="citation book cs1">Watts, Nicole F. (July 1, 2011). <i>Activists in Office: Kurdish Politics and Protest in Turkey</i>. University of Washington Press. p. 112. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-295-80082-0" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-295-80082-0"><bdi>978-0-295-80082-0</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Activists+in+Office%3A+Kurdish+Politics+and+Protest+in+Turkey&rft.pages=112&rft.pub=University+of+Washington+Press&rft.date=2011-07-01&rft.isbn=978-0-295-80082-0&rft.aulast=Watts&rft.aufirst=Nicole+F.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATimeline+of+the+Kurdistan+Workers%27+Party+insurgency+%281978%E2%80%932015%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-HADEP-23"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-HADEP_23-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-HADEP_23-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-HADEP_23-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://hudoc.echr.coe.int/sites/eng/pages/search.aspx#{">"dmdocnumber":["878622"],"itemid":["001-102256"]} "HUDOC Search Page"</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">February 11,</span> 2015</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=HUDOC+Search+Page&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fhudoc.echr.coe.int%2Fsites%2Feng%2Fpages%2Fsearch.aspx%23%7B%22dmdocnumber%22%3A%26%2391%3B%22878622%22%26%2393%3B%2C%22itemid%22%3A%26%2391%3B%22001-102256%22%26%2393%3B%7D&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATimeline+of+the+Kurdistan+Workers%27+Party+insurgency+%281978%E2%80%932015%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:02-24"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:02_24-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:02_24-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.amnesty.org/en/wp-content/uploads/2021/06/eur441011994en.pdf">"UA 347/94 - Turkey: "disappearance": Mehmet Gurkan (generally known as Mustafa Gurkan)"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <i>Amnesty International</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">September 17,</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Amnesty+International&rft.atitle=UA+347%2F94+-+Turkey%3A+%22disappearance%22%3A+Mehmet+Gurkan+%28generally+known+as+Mustafa+Gurkan%29&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.amnesty.org%2Fen%2Fwp-content%2Fuploads%2F2021%2F06%2Feur441011994en.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATimeline+of+the+Kurdistan+Workers%27+Party+insurgency+%281978%E2%80%932015%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:12-25"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:12_25-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:12_25-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.hrw.org/reports/2005/turkey0305/turkey0305text.pdf">"<span class="cs1-kern-left"></span>"Still critical" Prospects in 2005 for Internally Displaced Kurds in Turkey"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=%22Still+critical%22+Prospects+in+2005+for+Internally+Displaced+Kurds+in+Turkey&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.hrw.org%2Freports%2F2005%2Fturkey0305%2Fturkey0305text.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATimeline+of+the+Kurdistan+Workers%27+Party+insurgency+%281978%E2%80%932015%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-26"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-26">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://news.google.com/newspapers?nid=P-MJmu9ZMwQC&dat=19950419&printsec=frontpage">"WORLD NEWS HIGHLIGHTS"</a>. <i>Daily News</i>. February 1, 1934.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Daily+News&rft.atitle=WORLD+NEWS+HIGHLIGHTS&rft.date=1934-02-01&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fnews.google.com%2Fnewspapers%3Fnid%3DP-MJmu9ZMwQC%26dat%3D19950419%26printsec%3Dfrontpage&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATimeline+of+the+Kurdistan+Workers%27+Party+insurgency+%281978%E2%80%932015%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:1-27"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:1_27-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:1_27-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGunes2013" class="citation book cs1">Gunes, Cengiz (January 11, 2013). <i>The Kurdish National Movement in Turkey: From Protest to Resistance</i>. Routledge. p. 134. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-136-58798-6" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-136-58798-6"><bdi>978-1-136-58798-6</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Kurdish+National+Movement+in+Turkey%3A+From+Protest+to+Resistance&rft.pages=134&rft.pub=Routledge&rft.date=2013-01-11&rft.isbn=978-1-136-58798-6&rft.aulast=Gunes&rft.aufirst=Cengiz&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATimeline+of+the+Kurdistan+Workers%27+Party+insurgency+%281978%E2%80%932015%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-28"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-28">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.tbmm.gov.tr/develop/owa/secimler.secimdeki_partiler?p_secim_yili=1995">"Türkiye Büyük Millet Meclisi İnternet Sitesi"</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">February 11,</span> 2015</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=T%C3%BCrkiye+B%C3%BCy%C3%BCk+Millet+Meclisi+%C4%B0nternet+Sitesi&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.tbmm.gov.tr%2Fdevelop%2Fowa%2Fsecimler.secimdeki_partiler%3Fp_secim_yili%3D1995&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATimeline+of+the+Kurdistan+Workers%27+Party+insurgency+%281978%E2%80%932015%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-sundayszaman-29"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-sundayszaman_29-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110728032552/http://www.sundayszaman.com/sunday/newsDetail_getNewsById.action?newsId=195016">"Tension high as heinous attack leaves unanswered questions behind – Today's Zaman, your gateway to Turkish daily news"</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.sundayszaman.com/sunday/newsDetail_getNewsById.action?newsId=195016">the original</a> on July 28, 2011<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">April 3,</span> 2015</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Tension+high+as+heinous+attack+leaves+unanswered+questions+behind+%E2%80%93+Today%27s+Zaman%2C+your+gateway+to+Turkish+daily+news&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.sundayszaman.com%2Fsunday%2FnewsDetail_getNewsById.action%3FnewsId%3D195016&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATimeline+of+the+Kurdistan+Workers%27+Party+insurgency+%281978%E2%80%932015%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-30"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-30">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAydinEmrence2015" class="citation book cs1">Aydin, Aysegul; Emrence, Cem (April 23, 2015). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=MO5IDwAAQBAJ&q=operation+Murat+ANF+PKmurat&pg=PA115"><i>Zones of Rebellion: Kurdish Insurgents and the Turkish State</i></a>. Cornell University Press. p. 115. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-8014-5620-6" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-8014-5620-6"><bdi>978-0-8014-5620-6</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Zones+of+Rebellion%3A+Kurdish+Insurgents+and+the+Turkish+State&rft.pages=115&rft.pub=Cornell+University+Press&rft.date=2015-04-23&rft.isbn=978-0-8014-5620-6&rft.aulast=Aydin&rft.aufirst=Aysegul&rft.au=Emrence%2C+Cem&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DMO5IDwAAQBAJ%26q%3Doperation%2BMurat%2BANF%2BPKmurat%26pg%3DPA115&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATimeline+of+the+Kurdistan+Workers%27+Party+insurgency+%281978%E2%80%932015%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-weekly-31"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-weekly_31-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-weekly_31-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-weekly_31-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-weekly_31-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-weekly_31-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-weekly_31-5"><sup><i><b>f</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20101006073753/http://www.turkishweekly.net/article/217/chronology-of-the-important-events-in-the-world-pkk-chronology-1976-2006-.html">"Chronology of the Important Events in the World/PKK Chronology (1976–2006)"</a>. turkishweekly.net. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.turkishweekly.net/article/217/chronology-of-the-important-events-in-the-world-pkk-chronology-1976-2006-.html">the original</a> on October 6, 2010<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">April 3,</span> 2015</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Chronology+of+the+Important+Events+in+the+World%2FPKK+Chronology+%281976%E2%80%932006%29&rft.pub=turkishweekly.net&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.turkishweekly.net%2Farticle%2F217%2Fchronology-of-the-important-events-in-the-world-pkk-chronology-1976-2006-.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATimeline+of+the+Kurdistan+Workers%27+Party+insurgency+%281978%E2%80%932015%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Öcalan-32"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Öcalan_32-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Öcalan_32-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Öcalan_32-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Öcalan_32-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFTOM_FENNELLLAURIE_UDESKY1999" class="citation magazine cs1">TOM FENNELL; LAURIE UDESKY (March 1, 1999). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20121020164448/http://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.com/articles/macleans/kurdish-terrorist-captured">"Kurdish Terrorist Captured"</a>. <i>Maclean's</i>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.com/articles/macleans/kurdish-terrorist-captured">the original</a> on October 20, 2012<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">April 3,</span> 2015</span> – via The Canadian Encyclopedia.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Maclean%27s&rft.atitle=Kurdish+Terrorist+Captured&rft.date=1999-03-01&rft.au=TOM+FENNELL&rft.au=LAURIE+UDESKY&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.thecanadianencyclopedia.com%2Farticles%2Fmacleans%2Fkurdish-terrorist-captured&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATimeline+of+the+Kurdistan+Workers%27+Party+insurgency+%281978%E2%80%932015%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-33"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-33">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bbc.co.uk/turkish/180499.shtml">"SE脟陌M 2002 – BBC Turkish Service – BBC World Service"</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">February 11,</span> 2015</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=SE%E8%84%9F%E9%99%8CM+2002+%E2%80%93+BBC+Turkish+Service+%E2%80%93+BBC+World+Service&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.bbc.co.uk%2Fturkish%2F180499.shtml&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATimeline+of+the+Kurdistan+Workers%27+Party+insurgency+%281978%E2%80%932015%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-34"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-34">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFJohn_Pike" class="citation web cs1">John Pike. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.globalsecurity.org/military/world/para/pkk.htm">"Kongra-Gel / Kurdistan Workers' Party (PKK)"</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">February 11,</span> 2015</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Kongra-Gel+%2F+Kurdistan+Workers%27+Party+%28PKK%29&rft.au=John+Pike&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.globalsecurity.org%2Fmilitary%2Fworld%2Fpara%2Fpkk.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATimeline+of+the+Kurdistan+Workers%27+Party+insurgency+%281978%E2%80%932015%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-turkishweekly-35"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-turkishweekly_35-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150102143843/http://www.turkishweekly.net/article/180/turkish-hezbollah-hizbullah-kurdish-hezbollah.html">"Turkish Hezbollah (Hizbullah) / Kurdish Hezbollah"</a>. turkishweekly.net. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.turkishweekly.net/article/180/turkish-hezbollah-hizbullah-kurdish-hezbollah.html">the original</a> on January 2, 2015<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">April 3,</span> 2015</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Turkish+Hezbollah+%28Hizbullah%29+%2F+Kurdish+Hezbollah&rft.pub=turkishweekly.net&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.turkishweekly.net%2Farticle%2F180%2Fturkish-hezbollah-hizbullah-kurdish-hezbollah.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATimeline+of+the+Kurdistan+Workers%27+Party+insurgency+%281978%E2%80%932015%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-36"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-36">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ataa.org/reference/pkk/pkk.html">"Assembly of Turkish American Associations"</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">February 11,</span> 2015</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Assembly+of+Turkish+American+Associations&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ataa.org%2Freference%2Fpkk%2Fpkk.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATimeline+of+the+Kurdistan+Workers%27+Party+insurgency+%281978%E2%80%932015%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-recent-37"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-recent_37-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-recent_37-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-recent_37-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-recent_37-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-recent_37-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-recent_37-5"><sup><i><b>f</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-recent_37-6"><sup><i><b>g</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-recent_37-7"><sup><i><b>h</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160129052837/http://uk.reuters.com/article/uk-turkey-attacks-timeline-idUKTRE79I3VN20111019">"Timeline – Recent Kurdish militant attacks in Turkey"</a>. <i>Reuters</i>. October 19, 2011. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://uk.reuters.com/article/uk-turkey-attacks-timeline-idUKTRE79I3VN20111019">the original</a> on January 29, 2016<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">February 11,</span> 2015</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Reuters&rft.atitle=Timeline+%E2%80%93+Recent+Kurdish+militant+attacks+in+Turkey&rft.date=2011-10-19&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fuk.reuters.com%2Farticle%2Fuk-turkey-attacks-timeline-idUKTRE79I3VN20111019&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATimeline+of+the+Kurdistan+Workers%27+Party+insurgency+%281978%E2%80%932015%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-38"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-38">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.voanews.com/english/news/a-13-2006-09-13-voa48.html">"Turkish Revenge Brigade Claims Responsibility for Bomb Blast in Kurdish Area"</a>. <i>VOA</i>. October 31, 2009<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">February 11,</span> 2015</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=VOA&rft.atitle=Turkish+Revenge+Brigade+Claims+Responsibility+for+Bomb+Blast+in+Kurdish+Area&rft.date=2009-10-31&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.voanews.com%2Fenglish%2Fnews%2Fa-13-2006-09-13-voa48.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATimeline+of+the+Kurdistan+Workers%27+Party+insurgency+%281978%E2%80%932015%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-39"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-39">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://english.people.com.cn/200706/07/eng20070607_381956.html">"Death toll in Ankara suicide bombing rises to eight"</a>. <i>People's Daily Online</i>. June 7, 2007<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">October 12,</span> 2008</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=People%27s+Daily+Online&rft.atitle=Death+toll+in+Ankara+suicide+bombing+rises+to+eight&rft.date=2007-06-07&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fenglish.people.com.cn%2F200706%2F07%2Feng20070607_381956.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATimeline+of+the+Kurdistan+Workers%27+Party+insurgency+%281978%E2%80%932015%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-40"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-40">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.dailystar.com.lb//News/Middle-East/2007/Jun-01/72107-turkish-military-ready-to-invade-northern-iraq.ashx">"Turkish military 'ready' to invade northern Iraq"</a>. <i>The Daily Star Newspaper – Lebanon</i>. June 1, 2007<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">January 20,</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+Daily+Star+Newspaper+%E2%80%93+Lebanon&rft.atitle=Turkish+military+%27ready%27+to+invade+northern+Iraq&rft.date=2007-06-01&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.dailystar.com.lb%2F%2FNews%2FMiddle-East%2F2007%2FJun-01%2F72107-turkish-military-ready-to-invade-northern-iraq.ashx&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATimeline+of+the+Kurdistan+Workers%27+Party+insurgency+%281978%E2%80%932015%29" class="Z3988"></span><sup class="noprint Inline-Template"><span style="white-space: nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Link_rot" title="Wikipedia:Link rot"><span title=" Dead link tagged November 2023">permanent dead link</span></a></i><span style="visibility:hidden; color:transparent; padding-left:2px">‍</span>]</span></sup></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-41"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-41">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.dailystar.com.lb/News/Middle-East/2007/May-31/72098-turkey-sends-extra-tanks-to-border-with-iraqi-kurdistan.ashx">"Turkey sends extra tanks to border with Iraqi Kurdistan | News , Middle East"</a>. <i>dailystar.com.lb</i>. The Daily Star<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">January 20,</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=dailystar.com.lb&rft.atitle=Turkey+sends+extra+tanks+to+border+with+Iraqi+Kurdistan+%7C+News+%2C+Middle+East&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.dailystar.com.lb%2FNews%2FMiddle-East%2F2007%2FMay-31%2F72098-turkey-sends-extra-tanks-to-border-with-iraqi-kurdistan.ashx&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATimeline+of+the+Kurdistan+Workers%27+Party+insurgency+%281978%E2%80%932015%29" class="Z3988"></span><sup class="noprint Inline-Template"><span style="white-space: nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Link_rot" title="Wikipedia:Link rot"><span title=" Dead link tagged November 2023">permanent dead link</span></a></i><span style="visibility:hidden; color:transparent; padding-left:2px">‍</span>]</span></sup></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-42"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-42">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFTisdall2007" class="citation news cs1">Tisdall, Simon (May 31, 2007). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.theguardian.com/world/2007/may/31/iraq.turkey">"Turkey moves forces to Iraq border"</a>. <i>The Guardian</i>. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0261-3077">0261-3077</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">January 20,</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Guardian&rft.atitle=Turkey+moves+forces+to+Iraq+border&rft.date=2007-05-31&rft.issn=0261-3077&rft.aulast=Tisdall&rft.aufirst=Simon&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.theguardian.com%2Fworld%2F2007%2Fmay%2F31%2Firaq.turkey&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATimeline+of+the+Kurdistan+Workers%27+Party+insurgency+%281978%E2%80%932015%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-43"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-43">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.rferl.org/a/1076878.html">"Iraqi Leader Warns Turkey Against Incursion Into Kurdish Region"</a>. <i>Radio Free Europe/Radio Liberty</i>. February 2, 2012<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">January 20,</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Radio+Free+Europe%2FRadio+Liberty&rft.atitle=Iraqi+Leader+Warns+Turkey+Against+Incursion+Into+Kurdish+Region&rft.date=2012-02-02&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.rferl.org%2Fa%2F1076878.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATimeline+of+the+Kurdistan+Workers%27+Party+insurgency+%281978%E2%80%932015%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-44"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-44">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.reuters.com/article/us-defence-turkey-gates-idUSSIN1148420070603">"Pentagon chief urges Turkey not to hit Iraqi Kurds"</a>. <i>Reuters</i>. June 3, 2007<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">January 20,</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Reuters&rft.atitle=Pentagon+chief+urges+Turkey+not+to+hit+Iraqi+Kurds&rft.date=2007-06-03&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.reuters.com%2Farticle%2Fus-defence-turkey-gates-idUSSIN1148420070603&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATimeline+of+the+Kurdistan+Workers%27+Party+insurgency+%281978%E2%80%932015%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-45"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-45">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/europe/6718965.stm">"Seven Turks killed in rebel raid"</a>. <i>BBC News</i>. Europe. June 4, 2007<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">October 12,</span> 2008</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=BBC+News&rft.atitle=Seven+Turks+killed+in+rebel+raid&rft.date=2007-06-04&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fnews.bbc.co.uk%2F2%2Fhi%2Feurope%2F6718965.stm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATimeline+of+the+Kurdistan+Workers%27+Party+insurgency+%281978%E2%80%932015%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-46"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-46">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130730070744/http://findarticles.com/p/articles/mi_qn4176/is_/ai_n19295261">"Stories differ on Turkish 'hot pursuit' into Iraq"</a>. <i>Oakland Tribune</i>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://findarticles.com/p/articles/mi_qn4176/is_/ai_n19295261">the original</a> on July 30, 2013<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">October 12,</span> 2008</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Oakland+Tribune&rft.atitle=Stories+differ+on+Turkish+%27hot+pursuit%27+into+Iraq&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Ffindarticles.com%2Fp%2Farticles%2Fmi_qn4176%2Fis_%2Fai_n19295261&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATimeline+of+the+Kurdistan+Workers%27+Party+insurgency+%281978%E2%80%932015%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-47"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-47">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/content/article/2007/06/08/AR2007060800462.html">"Iraqi Kurds: Turkey Shells Across Border"</a>. <i>The Washington Post</i>. June 8, 2007<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">September 25,</span> 2010</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Washington+Post&rft.atitle=Iraqi+Kurds%3A+Turkey+Shells+Across+Border&rft.date=2007-06-08&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.washingtonpost.com%2Fwp-dyn%2Fcontent%2Farticle%2F2007%2F06%2F08%2FAR2007060800462.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATimeline+of+the+Kurdistan+Workers%27+Party+insurgency+%281978%E2%80%932015%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-48"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-48">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.aparchive.com/metadata/youtube/da1205a9add9522c767668d8b624dd8b">"Iraq Turkey | AP Archive"</a>. <i>aparchive.com</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">January 20,</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=aparchive.com&rft.atitle=Iraq+Turkey+%7C+AP+Archive&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.aparchive.com%2Fmetadata%2Fyoutube%2Fda1205a9add9522c767668d8b624dd8b&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATimeline+of+the+Kurdistan+Workers%27+Party+insurgency+%281978%E2%80%932015%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-49"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-49">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/europe/7049348.stm">"Turkish MPs back attacks in Iraq"</a>. <i>BBC News</i>. Europe. October 18, 2007<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">October 12,</span> 2008</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=BBC+News&rft.atitle=Turkish+MPs+back+attacks+in+Iraq&rft.date=2007-10-18&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fnews.bbc.co.uk%2F2%2Fhi%2Feurope%2F7049348.stm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATimeline+of+the+Kurdistan+Workers%27+Party+insurgency+%281978%E2%80%932015%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-50"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-50">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20080209123709/http://www.cnn.com/2007/WORLD/meast/10/17/turkey.iraq/index.html">"Turkey approves Iraq incursion"</a>. CNN. October 17, 2007. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.cnn.com/2007/WORLD/meast/10/17/turkey.iraq/index.html">the original</a> on February 9, 2008.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Turkey+approves+Iraq+incursion&rft.date=2007-10-17&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.cnn.com%2F2007%2FWORLD%2Fmeast%2F10%2F17%2Fturkey.iraq%2Findex.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATimeline+of+the+Kurdistan+Workers%27+Party+insurgency+%281978%E2%80%932015%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-51"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-51">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.npr.org/templates/story/story.php?storyId=15492108">"Kurdish Guerrillas Kill a Dozen in Cross-Border Raid"</a>. <i>NPR.org</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">January 20,</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=NPR.org&rft.atitle=Kurdish+Guerrillas+Kill+a+Dozen+in+Cross-Border+Raid&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.npr.org%2Ftemplates%2Fstory%2Fstory.php%3FstoryId%3D15492108&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATimeline+of+the+Kurdistan+Workers%27+Party+insurgency+%281978%E2%80%932015%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-52"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-52">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRefugees" class="citation web cs1">Refugees, United Nations High Commissioner for. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.refworld.org/docid/4728682da.html">"Iraq: Attacks on Turkish forces increase pressure to act against PKK"</a>. <i>Refworld</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">January 20,</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Refworld&rft.atitle=Iraq%3A+Attacks+on+Turkish+forces+increase+pressure+to+act+against+PKK&rft.aulast=Refugees&rft.aufirst=United+Nations+High+Commissioner+for&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.refworld.org%2Fdocid%2F4728682da.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATimeline+of+the+Kurdistan+Workers%27+Party+insurgency+%281978%E2%80%932015%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-53"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-53">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">"<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/europe/7059721.stm">Turkish raids along Iraqi border</a>", <i><a href="/wiki/BBC_News" title="BBC News">BBC News</a></i>, October 24, 2007</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-54"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-54">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.dailystar.com.lb/article.asp?edition_id=10&categ_id=2&article_id=89347">"Turkish attacks in Iraq 'exclusively target PKK'<span class="cs1-kern-right"></span>"</a>. <i>The Daily Star</i>. Politics<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">October 12,</span> 2008</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+Daily+Star&rft.atitle=Turkish+attacks+in+Iraq+%27exclusively+target+PKK%27&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.dailystar.com.lb%2Farticle.asp%3Fedition_id%3D10%26categ_id%3D2%26article_id%3D89347&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATimeline+of+the+Kurdistan+Workers%27+Party+insurgency+%281978%E2%80%932015%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-55"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-55">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBarker2008" class="citation news cs1">Barker, Alex (August 8, 2008). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ft.com/cms/s/0/c4836dca-64e1-11dd-af61-0000779fd18c.html">"Kurds lay claim to blast on Azeri oil pipeline"</a>. <i>Financial Times</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">September 15,</span> 2008</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Financial+Times&rft.atitle=Kurds+lay+claim+to+blast+on+Azeri+oil+pipeline&rft.date=2008-08-08&rft.aulast=Barker&rft.aufirst=Alex&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ft.com%2Fcms%2Fs%2F0%2Fc4836dca-64e1-11dd-af61-0000779fd18c.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATimeline+of+the+Kurdistan+Workers%27+Party+insurgency+%281978%E2%80%932015%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-56"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-56">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.today/20120911051148/http://www.swissinfo.ch/eng/news/international/Fifteen_Turkish_soldiers_killed_in_clashes_with_PKK.html?siteSect=143&sid=9806118&cKey=1223147254000&ty=ti">"Fifteen Turkish soldiers killed in clashes with PKK"</a>. <i>Swissinfo.ch</i>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.swissinfo.ch/eng/news/international/Fifteen_Turkish_soldiers_killed_in_clashes_with_PKK.html?siteSect=143&sid=9806118&cKey=1223147254000&ty=ti">the original</a> on September 11, 2012<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">October 12,</span> 2008</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Swissinfo.ch&rft.atitle=Fifteen+Turkish+soldiers+killed+in+clashes+with+PKK&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.swissinfo.ch%2Feng%2Fnews%2Finternational%2FFifteen_Turkish_soldiers_killed_in_clashes_with_PKK.html%3FsiteSect%3D143%26sid%3D9806118%26cKey%3D1223147254000%26ty%3Dti&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATimeline+of+the+Kurdistan+Workers%27+Party+insurgency+%281978%E2%80%932015%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-57"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-57">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20081005204152/http://news.xinhuanet.com/english/2008-10/05/content_10149376.htm">"Turkey vows to crush PKK rebels after 15 soldiers killed"</a>. <i>Xinhua</i>. October 5, 2008. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://news.xinhuanet.com/english/2008-10/05/content_10149376.htm">the original</a> on October 5, 2008<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">October 12,</span> 2008</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Xinhua&rft.atitle=Turkey+vows+to+crush+PKK+rebels+after+15+soldiers+killed&rft.date=2008-10-05&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fnews.xinhuanet.com%2Fenglish%2F2008-10%2F05%2Fcontent_10149376.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATimeline+of+the+Kurdistan+Workers%27+Party+insurgency+%281978%E2%80%932015%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-58"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-58">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://afp.google.com/article/ALeqM5ipEW55TUMPEFIhzE5GRze-Z99Ktg">"Govt. 'utterly condemns' PKK attack on Turkish troops"</a>. <i>Google</i>. <a href="/wiki/Agence_France_Presse" class="mw-redirect" title="Agence France Presse">Agence France Presse</a>. October 4, 2008<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">October 12,</span> 2008</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Google&rft.atitle=Govt.+%27utterly+condemns%27+PKK+attack+on+Turkish+troops&rft.date=2008-10-04&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fafp.google.com%2Farticle%2FALeqM5ipEW55TUMPEFIhzE5GRze-Z99Ktg&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATimeline+of+the+Kurdistan+Workers%27+Party+insurgency+%281978%E2%80%932015%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-59"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-59">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation pressrelease cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.fco.gov.uk/resources/en/press-release/2007/10/fco_hpnpr_211007_turkeyiraq">"MILIBAND CONDEMNS ATTACKS ON TURKEY-IRAQ BORDER"</a> (Press release). <a href="/wiki/Foreign_and_Commonwealth_Office" class="mw-redirect" title="Foreign and Commonwealth Office">Foreign and Commonwealth Office</a>. October 23, 2007.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=MILIBAND+CONDEMNS+ATTACKS+ON+TURKEY-IRAQ+BORDER&rft.pub=Foreign+and+Commonwealth+Office&rft.date=2007-10-23&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.fco.gov.uk%2Fresources%2Fen%2Fpress-release%2F2007%2F10%2Ffco_hpnpr_211007_turkeyiraq&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATimeline+of+the+Kurdistan+Workers%27+Party+insurgency+%281978%E2%80%932015%29" class="Z3988"></span><sup class="noprint Inline-Template"><span style="white-space: nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Link_rot" title="Wikipedia:Link rot"><span title=" Dead link tagged January 2020">permanent dead link</span></a></i><span style="visibility:hidden; color:transparent; padding-left:2px">‍</span>]</span></sup></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-60"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-60">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.hurriyet.com.tr/english/home/10040135.asp">"Europe condemns PKK attack on Turkish troops"</a>. <i>Hurriyet English</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">October 12,</span> 2008</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Hurriyet+English&rft.atitle=Europe+condemns+PKK+attack+on+Turkish+troops&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.hurriyet.com.tr%2Fenglish%2Fhome%2F10040135.asp&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATimeline+of+the+Kurdistan+Workers%27+Party+insurgency+%281978%E2%80%932015%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-61"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-61">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/8071367.stm">Turkish soldiers killed in blast</a>. BBC News (2009-05-28). Retrieved on August 20, 2010.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-62"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-62">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20100612194836/http://kurdishglobe.net/displayArticle.jsp?id=502D1DB7AC2E102F881A7BAECAA2421C">"Two Kurdish PKK rebels killed in southeast Turkey"</a>. KurdishGlobe. April 17, 2010. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.kurdishglobe.net/displayArticle.jsp?id=502D1DB7AC2E102F881A7BAECAA2421C">the original</a> on June 12, 2010<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">September 24,</span> 2010</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Two+Kurdish+PKK+rebels+killed+in+southeast+Turkey&rft.pub=KurdishGlobe&rft.date=2010-04-17&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.kurdishglobe.net%2FdisplayArticle.jsp%3Fid%3D502D1DB7AC2E102F881A7BAECAA2421C&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATimeline+of+the+Kurdistan+Workers%27+Party+insurgency+%281978%E2%80%932015%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-63"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-63">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.reuters.com/article/idUSTRE6400B420100501">Four Turkish soldiers killed in Kurd rebel attack</a>. Reuters. Retrieved on August 20, 2010.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-64"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-64">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.alertnet.org/thenews/newsdesk/LDE6461IV.htm">Reuters AlertNet – Seven dead as Turkish troops clash with Kurd rebels</a>. Alertnet.org (2010-05-07). Retrieved on August 20, 2010.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-65"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-65">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.alertnet.org/thenews/newsdesk/LDE6470GP.htm">Reuters AlertNet – Turkish forces, aircraft hit Kurd rebels in Iraq</a>. Alertnet.org (2010-05-08). Retrieved on August 20, 2010.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-66"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-66">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.alertnet.org/thenews/newsdesk/LDE64K1MD.htm">Reuters AlertNet – Four PKK killed in Turkish airstrikes on north Iraq</a>. Alertnet.org (2010-05-21). Retrieved on August 20, 2010.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-67"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-67">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.alertnet.org/thenews/newsdesk/LDE64P163.htm">Reuters AlertNet – Turkish soldiers kill 4 Kurd militants in clashes</a>. Alertnet.org (2010-05-26). Retrieved on August 20, 2010.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-68"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-68">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.alertnet.org/thenews/newsdesk/LDE64S0DP.htm">Reuters AlertNet – Five killed in clashes with Kurd rebels in Turkey</a>. Alertnet.org (2010-05-29). Retrieved on August 20, 2010.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-69"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-69">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.reuters.com/article/idUSTRE64U0Z620100531">"Six Turkish soldiers killed in attack: report"</a>. <i>Reuters</i>. May 31, 2010<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">May 31,</span> 2010</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Reuters&rft.atitle=Six+Turkish+soldiers+killed+in+attack%3A+report&rft.date=2010-05-31&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.reuters.com%2Farticle%2FidUSTRE64U0Z620100531&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATimeline+of+the+Kurdistan+Workers%27+Party+insurgency+%281978%E2%80%932015%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-70"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-70">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.reuters.com/article/idUSTRE65A50U20100611?feedType=RSS&feedName=worldNews">Rebel attacks kill one soldier, wound 14 in Turkey</a>. Reuters. Retrieved on August 20, 2010.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-71"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-71">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/world/europe/10334276.stm">Turkish troops 'pursue Kurdish rebels into Iraq'</a>. BBC News (2010-06-16). Retrieved on August 20, 2010.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-72"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-72">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/world/europe/10356679.stm">Ten Turkish soldiers killed in 'PKK raid'</a>. BBC News (2010-06-19). Retrieved on August 20, 2010.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-73"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-73">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://au.news.yahoo.com/thewest/a/-/world/7426448/twenty-two-dead-as-turkish-troops-clash-with-pkk/">The West Australian</a>. Au.news.yahoo.com. Retrieved on August 20, 2010.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-74"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-74">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/world/europe/10473745.stm">"Turkey Kurdish clashes 'kill 17'<span class="cs1-kern-right"></span>"</a>. <i>BBC News</i>. July 1, 2010<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">July 1,</span> 2010</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=BBC+News&rft.atitle=Turkey+Kurdish+clashes+%27kill+17%27&rft.date=2010-07-01&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fnews.bbc.co.uk%2F2%2Fhi%2Fworld%2Feurope%2F10473745.stm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATimeline+of+the+Kurdistan+Workers%27+Party+insurgency+%281978%E2%80%932015%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-75"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-75">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-europe-10696410">BBC News – Six Turkish soldiers killed by Kurdish rebels</a>. Bbc.co.uk (2010-07-20). Retrieved on August 20, 2010.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-76"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-76">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ekurd.net/mismas/articles/misc2010/9/turkey2921.htm">"Nine Kurdish PKK rebels, Turkish soldier killed in clashes"</a>. Ekurd.net. September 7, 2010<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">September 24,</span> 2010</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Nine+Kurdish+PKK+rebels%2C+Turkish+soldier+killed+in+clashes&rft.pub=Ekurd.net&rft.date=2010-09-07&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ekurd.net%2Fmismas%2Farticles%2Fmisc2010%2F9%2Fturkey2921.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATimeline+of+the+Kurdistan+Workers%27+Party+insurgency+%281978%E2%80%932015%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-77"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-77">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-europe-11325677">BBC News – Nine die in minibus blast in south-east Turkey</a>. Bbc.co.uk (2010-09-16). Retrieved on September 16, 2010.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-78"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-78">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ntvmsnbc.com/id/25192647">"Eylemsizlik biterken çatışma: 3 PKK'lı öldü"</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">February 11,</span> 2015</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Eylemsizlik+biterken+%C3%A7at%C4%B1%C5%9Fma%3A+3+PKK%27l%C4%B1+%C3%B6ld%C3%BC&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ntvmsnbc.com%2Fid%2F25192647&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATimeline+of+the+Kurdistan+Workers%27+Party+insurgency+%281978%E2%80%932015%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-79"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-79">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.jpost.com/Headlines/Article.aspx?id=217394">"Turkish forces kill 3 Kurd rebels near Syrian border"</a>. The Jerusalem Post. April 21, 2011<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">April 27,</span> 2011</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Turkish+forces+kill+3+Kurd+rebels+near+Syrian+border&rft.date=2011-04-21&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.jpost.com%2FHeadlines%2FArticle.aspx%3Fid%3D217394&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATimeline+of+the+Kurdistan+Workers%27+Party+insurgency+%281978%E2%80%932015%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-80"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-80">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://english.ahram.org.eg/NewsContent/2/9/17162/World/International/Three-Turkish-soldiers-killed-in-PKK-rebel-ambush.aspx">"Three Turkish soldiers killed in PKK rebel ambush – International – World – Ahram Online"</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">February 11,</span> 2015</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Three+Turkish+soldiers+killed+in+PKK+rebel+ambush+%E2%80%93+International+%E2%80%93+World+%E2%80%93+Ahram+Online&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fenglish.ahram.org.eg%2FNewsContent%2F2%2F9%2F17162%2FWorld%2FInternational%2FThree-Turkish-soldiers-killed-in-PKK-rebel-ambush.aspx&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATimeline+of+the+Kurdistan+Workers%27+Party+insurgency+%281978%E2%80%932015%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-todayszaman-81"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-todayszaman_81-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.today/20120918230332/http://www.todayszaman.com/news-254219-turkey-mourns-soldiers-slain-in-Hakk%C3%A2ri.html">"Turkey mourns soldiers slain in Hakkâri"</a>. <i>Today's Zaman</i>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.todayszaman.com/news-254219-turkey-mourns-soldiers-slain-in-Hakkâri.html">the original</a> on September 18, 2012<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">April 3,</span> 2015</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Today%27s+Zaman&rft.atitle=Turkey+mourns+soldiers+slain+in+Hakk%C3%A2ri&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.todayszaman.com%2Fnews-254219-turkey-mourns-soldiers-slain-in-Hakk%C3%A2ri.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATimeline+of+the+Kurdistan+Workers%27+Party+insurgency+%281978%E2%80%932015%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-82"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-82">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.hurriyetdailynews.com/n.php?n=gov8217t-to-strike-pkk-as-12-more-killed-in-attack-2011-08-17">"TURKEY – Turkish gov't to strike PKK as at least 9 more killed in attack"</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">February 11,</span> 2015</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=TURKEY+%E2%80%93+Turkish+gov%27t+to+strike+PKK+as+at+least+9+more+killed+in+attack&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.hurriyetdailynews.com%2Fn.php%3Fn%3Dgov8217t-to-strike-pkk-as-12-more-killed-in-attack-2011-08-17&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATimeline+of+the+Kurdistan+Workers%27+Party+insurgency+%281978%E2%80%932015%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-83"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-83">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150212004036/http://www.todayszaman.com/news-254232-turkish-military-attacks-pkk-camps-in-iraq-for-2nd-day.html">"Turkish military attacks PKK camps in Iraq for second day"</a>. <i>Today's Zaman</i>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.todayszaman.com/news-254232-turkish-military-attacks-pkk-camps-in-iraq-for-2nd-day.html">the original</a> on February 12, 2015<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">February 11,</span> 2015</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Today%27s+Zaman&rft.atitle=Turkish+military+attacks+PKK+camps+in+Iraq+for+second+day&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.todayszaman.com%2Fnews-254232-turkish-military-attacks-pkk-camps-in-iraq-for-2nd-day.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATimeline+of+the+Kurdistan+Workers%27+Party+insurgency+%281978%E2%80%932015%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-84"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-84">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.hurriyetdailynews.com/n.php?n=turkey-kurds--0920-08-2011-09-21">"TURKEY – Four civilians die in PKK attack in SE Turkey"</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">February 11,</span> 2015</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=TURKEY+%E2%80%93+Four+civilians+die+in+PKK+attack+in+SE+Turkey&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.hurriyetdailynews.com%2Fn.php%3Fn%3Dturkey-kurds--0920-08-2011-09-21&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATimeline+of+the+Kurdistan+Workers%27+Party+insurgency+%281978%E2%80%932015%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-85"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-85">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.reuters.com/article/us-turkey-kurds-idUSTRE79I0YF20111019">"PKK kills 24 Turkish troops, Ankara hits back"</a>. <i>Reuters</i>. October 19, 2011.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Reuters&rft.atitle=PKK+kills+24+Turkish+troops%2C+Ankara+hits+back&rft.date=2011-10-19&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.reuters.com%2Farticle%2Fus-turkey-kurds-idUSTRE79I0YF20111019&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATimeline+of+the+Kurdistan+Workers%27+Party+insurgency+%281978%E2%80%932015%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Taraf_aşk-86"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Taraf_aşk_86-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHikmet_DurgunRemzi_BudancirMuzaffer_Duru2011" class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Hikmet Durgun; Remzi Budancir; Muzaffer Duru (October 20, 2011). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20111022201858/http://www.taraf.com.tr/haber/savasa-asiklarmis.htm">"Savaşa Aşıklarmış"</a> (in Turkish). Istanbul: Taraf Gazetesi. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.taraf.com.tr/haber/savasa-asiklarmis.htm">the original</a> on October 22, 2011<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">October 22,</span> 2011</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Sava%C5%9Fa+A%C5%9F%C4%B1klarm%C4%B1%C5%9F&rft.place=Istanbul&rft.pub=Taraf+Gazetesi&rft.date=2011-10-20&rft.au=Hikmet+Durgun&rft.au=Remzi+Budancir&rft.au=Muzaffer+Duru&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.taraf.com.tr%2Fhaber%2Fsavasa-asiklarmis.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATimeline+of+the+Kurdistan+Workers%27+Party+insurgency+%281978%E2%80%932015%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-radikal-49olu-87"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-radikal-49olu_87-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRadikal2011" class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Radikal (October 22, 2011). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.radikal.com.tr/Radikal.aspx?aType=RadikalDetayV3&ArticleID=1067181&Date=22.10.2011&CategoryID=77">"TSK: 2 günde 49 PKK'lı öldürüldü"</a> (in Turkish). Istanbul: Radikal Gazetesi<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">October 22,</span> 2011</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=TSK%3A+2+g%C3%BCnde+49+PKK%27l%C4%B1+%C3%B6ld%C3%BCr%C3%BCld%C3%BC&rft.place=Istanbul&rft.pub=Radikal+Gazetesi&rft.date=2011-10-22&rft.au=Radikal&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.radikal.com.tr%2FRadikal.aspx%3FaType%3DRadikalDetayV3%26ArticleID%3D1067181%26Date%3D22.10.2011%26CategoryID%3D77&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATimeline+of+the+Kurdistan+Workers%27+Party+insurgency+%281978%E2%80%932015%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-88"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-88">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.duvarenglish.com/human-rights/2019/12/29/eight-years-on-roboski-village-continues-to-carry-traces-of-massacre/">"Eight years on, Roboski village continues to carry traces of massacre"</a>. <i>duvarenglish.com</i>. December 29, 2019<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">May 8,</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=duvarenglish.com&rft.atitle=Eight+years+on%2C+Roboski+village+continues+to+carry+traces+of+massacre&rft.date=2019-12-29&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.duvarenglish.com%2Fhuman-rights%2F2019%2F12%2F29%2Feight-years-on-roboski-village-continues-to-carry-traces-of-massacre%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATimeline+of+the+Kurdistan+Workers%27+Party+insurgency+%281978%E2%80%932015%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-89"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-89">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.france24.com/en/20111230-erdogan-expresses-regret-over-deadly-air-strike-kurdish-civilians-mistake-error">"Asia-pacific – Erdogan regrets Kurdish civilian airstrike deaths"</a>. <i>France 24</i>. December 30, 2011<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">February 11,</span> 2015</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=France+24&rft.atitle=Asia-pacific+%E2%80%93+Erdogan+regrets+Kurdish+civilian+airstrike+deaths&rft.date=2011-12-30&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.france24.com%2Fen%2F20111230-erdogan-expresses-regret-over-deadly-air-strike-kurdish-civilians-mistake-error&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATimeline+of+the+Kurdistan+Workers%27+Party+insurgency+%281978%E2%80%932015%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-alarabiya1202-90"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-alarabiya1202_90-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-alarabiya1202_90-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-alarabiya1202_90-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://english.alarabiya.net/articles/2012/02/12/194167.html">"articles/2012/02/12/194167"</a>. english.alarabiya.net. February 12, 2012<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">April 3,</span> 2015</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=articles%2F2012%2F02%2F12%2F194167&rft.pub=english.alarabiya.net&rft.date=2012-02-12&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fenglish.alarabiya.net%2Farticles%2F2012%2F02%2F12%2F194167.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATimeline+of+the+Kurdistan+Workers%27+Party+insurgency+%281978%E2%80%932015%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-91"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-91">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.reuters.com/article/us-turkey-kurds-clash-idUSTRE8180MS20120209">"Turkish clashes with PKK militants kill 14"</a>. <i>Reuters</i>. February 9, 2012.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Reuters&rft.atitle=Turkish+clashes+with+PKK+militants+kill+14&rft.date=2012-02-09&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.reuters.com%2Farticle%2Fus-turkey-kurds-clash-idUSTRE8180MS20120209&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATimeline+of+the+Kurdistan+Workers%27+Party+insurgency+%281978%E2%80%932015%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-92"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-92">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.hurriyet.com.tr/gundem/20625628.asp">"Kayseri'de canlı bomba dehşeti"</a>. <i>Hürriyet</i>. May 25, 2012.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=H%C3%BCrriyet&rft.atitle=Kayseri%27de+canl%C4%B1+bomba+deh%C5%9Feti&rft.date=2012-05-25&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.hurriyet.com.tr%2Fgundem%2F20625628.asp&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATimeline+of+the+Kurdistan+Workers%27+Party+insurgency+%281978%E2%80%932015%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-93"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-93">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.trthaber.com/haber/gundem/bakandan-teror-bilancosu-50956.html">"115 terörist etkisiz hale getirildi"</a>. <i>TRT</i>. August 5, 2012.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=TRT&rft.atitle=115+ter%C3%B6rist+etkisiz+hale+getirildi&rft.date=2012-08-05&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.trthaber.com%2Fhaber%2Fgundem%2Fbakandan-teror-bilancosu-50956.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATimeline+of+the+Kurdistan+Workers%27+Party+insurgency+%281978%E2%80%932015%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-94"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-94">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.trthaber.com/haber/turkiye/15-terorist-etkisiz-hale-getirildi-52691.html">"15 terörist etkisiz hale getirildi"</a>. <i>TRT</i>. August 19, 2012.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=TRT&rft.atitle=15+ter%C3%B6rist+etkisiz+hale+getirildi&rft.date=2012-08-19&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.trthaber.com%2Fhaber%2Fturkiye%2F15-terorist-etkisiz-hale-getirildi-52691.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATimeline+of+the+Kurdistan+Workers%27+Party+insurgency+%281978%E2%80%932015%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-95"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-95">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ntvmsnbc.com/id/25375804/">"Gaziantep'te bombalı saldırı"</a>. <i>NTV</i>. August 20, 2012.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=NTV&rft.atitle=Gaziantep%27te+bombal%C4%B1+sald%C4%B1r%C4%B1&rft.date=2012-08-20&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ntvmsnbc.com%2Fid%2F25375804%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATimeline+of+the+Kurdistan+Workers%27+Party+insurgency+%281978%E2%80%932015%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-96"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-96">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.aa.com.tr/tr/rss/75114--teror-orgutu-cocuklari-da-katletti/">"Terör örgütü çocukları da katletti"</a>. <i>AA</i>. August 23, 2012.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=AA&rft.atitle=Ter%C3%B6r+%C3%B6rg%C3%BCt%C3%BC+%C3%A7ocuklar%C4%B1+da+katletti&rft.date=2012-08-23&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.aa.com.tr%2Ftr%2Frss%2F75114--teror-orgutu-cocuklari-da-katletti%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATimeline+of+the+Kurdistan+Workers%27+Party+insurgency+%281978%E2%80%932015%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-97"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-97">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120823205715/http://haber.gazetevatan.com/askeri-arac-devrildi-1-koy-korucusu-9-asker-sehit/475651/1/G%C3%BCndem">"Askeri araç devrildi"</a>. <i>Vatan</i>. August 21, 2012. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://haber.gazetevatan.com/askeri-arac-devrildi-1-koy-korucusu-9-asker-sehit/475651/1/G%C3%BCndem">the original</a> on August 23, 2012<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">August 21,</span> 2012</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Vatan&rft.atitle=Askeri+ara%C3%A7+devrildi&rft.date=2012-08-21&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fhaber.gazetevatan.com%2Faskeri-arac-devrildi-1-koy-korucusu-9-asker-sehit%2F475651%2F1%2FG%25C3%25BCndem&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATimeline+of+the+Kurdistan+Workers%27+Party+insurgency+%281978%E2%80%932015%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-98"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-98">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.cnnturk.com/2012/turkiye/08/21/sirnakta.6.pkkli.olduruldu/673734.0/index.html">"Şırnak'ta 6 PKK'lı öldürüldü"</a>. <i>CNN Türk</i>. August 21, 2012.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=CNN+T%C3%BCrk&rft.atitle=%C5%9E%C4%B1rnak%27ta+6+PKK%27l%C4%B1+%C3%B6ld%C3%BCr%C3%BCld%C3%BC&rft.date=2012-08-21&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.cnnturk.com%2F2012%2Fturkiye%2F08%2F21%2Fsirnakta.6.pkkli.olduruldu%2F673734.0%2Findex.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATimeline+of+the+Kurdistan+Workers%27+Party+insurgency+%281978%E2%80%932015%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-99"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-99">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://tr.euronews.com/2012/08/23/turkiye-teror-kurbanlarini-ugurladi">"Türkiye terör kurbanlarını uğurladı"</a>. <i>Euronews</i>. August 23, 2012.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Euronews&rft.atitle=T%C3%BCrkiye+ter%C3%B6r+kurbanlar%C4%B1n%C4%B1+u%C4%9Furlad%C4%B1&rft.date=2012-08-23&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Ftr.euronews.com%2F2012%2F08%2F23%2Fturkiye-teror-kurbanlarini-ugurladi&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATimeline+of+the+Kurdistan+Workers%27+Party+insurgency+%281978%E2%80%932015%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-100"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-100">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.reuters.com/article/us-turkey-kurds-idUSBRE87M0Z620120823">"Turkish troops kill 21 PKK militants in clashes"</a>. <i>Reuters</i>. August 23, 2012.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Reuters&rft.atitle=Turkish+troops+kill+21+PKK+militants+in+clashes&rft.date=2012-08-23&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.reuters.com%2Farticle%2Fus-turkey-kurds-idUSBRE87M0Z620120823&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATimeline+of+the+Kurdistan+Workers%27+Party+insurgency+%281978%E2%80%932015%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-101"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-101">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150325220331/http://video.haberturk.com/haber/video/pkklilar-boyle-etkisiz-hale-getirildi/65777">"PKK'lılar böyle etkisiz hale getirildi"</a>. <i>Haberürk</i>. August 23, 2012. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://video.haberturk.com/haber/video/pkklilar-boyle-etkisiz-hale-getirildi/65777">the original</a> on March 25, 2015<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">August 24,</span> 2012</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Haber%C3%BCrk&rft.atitle=PKK%27l%C4%B1lar+b%C3%B6yle+etkisiz+hale+getirildi&rft.date=2012-08-23&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fvideo.haberturk.com%2Fhaber%2Fvideo%2Fpkklilar-boyle-etkisiz-hale-getirildi%2F65777&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATimeline+of+the+Kurdistan+Workers%27+Party+insurgency+%281978%E2%80%932015%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-102"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-102">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.radikal.com.tr/Radikal.aspx?aType=RadikalDetayV3&ArticleID=1098955&CategoryID=77">"Van'da çatışma: 1 PKK'lı öldürüldü"</a>. <i>Radikal</i>. September 1, 2012.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Radikal&rft.atitle=Van%27da+%C3%A7at%C4%B1%C5%9Fma%3A+1+PKK%27l%C4%B1+%C3%B6ld%C3%BCr%C3%BCld%C3%BC&rft.date=2012-09-01&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.radikal.com.tr%2FRadikal.aspx%3FaType%3DRadikalDetayV3%26ArticleID%3D1098955%26CategoryID%3D77&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATimeline+of+the+Kurdistan+Workers%27+Party+insurgency+%281978%E2%80%932015%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-103"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-103">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ntvmsnbc.com/id/25378696/">"Beytüşşebap'ta saldırı: 10 şehit"</a>. <i>NTV</i>. September 3, 2012.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=NTV&rft.atitle=Beyt%C3%BC%C5%9F%C5%9Febap%27ta+sald%C4%B1r%C4%B1%3A+10+%C5%9Fehit&rft.date=2012-09-03&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ntvmsnbc.com%2Fid%2F25378696%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATimeline+of+the+Kurdistan+Workers%27+Party+insurgency+%281978%E2%80%932015%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-104"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-104">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.theguardian.com/world/2012/sep/03/turkish-troops-die-clashes-kurds">"Turkish troops die in clash with Kurds"</a>. <i>Guardian</i>. September 3, 2012.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Guardian&rft.atitle=Turkish+troops+die+in+clash+with+Kurds&rft.date=2012-09-03&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.theguardian.com%2Fworld%2F2012%2Fsep%2F03%2Fturkish-troops-die-clashes-kurds&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATimeline+of+the+Kurdistan+Workers%27+Party+insurgency+%281978%E2%80%932015%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-105"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-105">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ntvmsnbc.com/id/25380358/">"Kato'da operasyon: 30 terörist öldürüldü"</a>. <i>NTV</i>. September 7, 2012.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=NTV&rft.atitle=Kato%27da+operasyon%3A+30+ter%C3%B6rist+%C3%B6ld%C3%BCr%C3%BCld%C3%BC&rft.date=2012-09-07&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ntvmsnbc.com%2Fid%2F25380358%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATimeline+of+the+Kurdistan+Workers%27+Party+insurgency+%281978%E2%80%932015%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-106"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-106">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.radikal.com.tr/Radikal.aspx?aType=RadikalDetayV3&ArticleID=1099856&CategoryID=77">"14 hedef vuruldu, 25 PKK'lı öldürüldü"</a>. <i>Radikal</i>. September 11, 2012.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Radikal&rft.atitle=14+hedef+vuruldu%2C+25+PKK%27l%C4%B1+%C3%B6ld%C3%BCr%C3%BCld%C3%BC&rft.date=2012-09-11&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.radikal.com.tr%2FRadikal.aspx%3FaType%3DRadikalDetayV3%26ArticleID%3D1099856%26CategoryID%3D77&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATimeline+of+the+Kurdistan+Workers%27+Party+insurgency+%281978%E2%80%932015%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-107"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-107">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.cnnturk.com/2012/guncel/09/09/semdinlide.catisma.2.sehit.7.yarali/676150.0/index.html">"Şemdinli'de çatışma: 2 şehit, 7 yaralı"</a>. <i>CNN Türk</i>. September 10, 2012.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=CNN+T%C3%BCrk&rft.atitle=%C5%9Eemdinli%27de+%C3%A7at%C4%B1%C5%9Fma%3A+2+%C5%9Fehit%2C+7+yaral%C4%B1&rft.date=2012-09-10&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.cnnturk.com%2F2012%2Fguncel%2F09%2F09%2Fsemdinlide.catisma.2.sehit.7.yarali%2F676150.0%2Findex.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATimeline+of+the+Kurdistan+Workers%27+Party+insurgency+%281978%E2%80%932015%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-108"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-108">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.internethaber.com/semdinli-catisma-sehit-zorgecit-koyu-baglar-kirsali--459895h.htm?interstitial=true">"Şemdinli'de yine yandık: 2 şehit!"</a>. <i>İnternet Haber</i>. September 12, 2012.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=%C4%B0nternet+Haber&rft.atitle=%C5%9Eemdinli%27de+yine+yand%C4%B1k%3A+2+%C5%9Fehit%21&rft.date=2012-09-12&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.internethaber.com%2Fsemdinli-catisma-sehit-zorgecit-koyu-baglar-kirsali--459895h.htm%3Finterstitial%3Dtrue&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATimeline+of+the+Kurdistan+Workers%27+Party+insurgency+%281978%E2%80%932015%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-109"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-109">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ekurd.net/mismas/articles/misc2013/1/turkey4402.htm">"Turkish army kills 14 Kurdish PKK rebels near Iraqi Kurdistan's border"</a>. Ekurd.net<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">January 2,</span> 2014</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Turkish+army+kills+14+Kurdish+PKK+rebels+near+Iraqi+Kurdistan%27s+border&rft.pub=Ekurd.net&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ekurd.net%2Fmismas%2Farticles%2Fmisc2013%2F1%2Fturkey4402.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATimeline+of+the+Kurdistan+Workers%27+Party+insurgency+%281978%E2%80%932015%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-110"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-110">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bbc.com/news/world-europe-20968375">"Kurdish activists killed in Paris"</a>. <i>BBC News</i>. January 10, 2013<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">June 26,</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=BBC+News&rft.atitle=Kurdish+activists+killed+in+Paris&rft.date=2013-01-10&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.bbc.com%2Fnews%2Fworld-europe-20968375&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATimeline+of+the+Kurdistan+Workers%27+Party+insurgency+%281978%E2%80%932015%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-111"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-111">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://english.sabah.com.tr/national/2013/02/14/bdp-delegation-to-meet-with-ocalan">"BDP delegation to meet with Öcalan"</a>. Sabah English. February 14, 2013<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">April 22,</span> 2013</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=BDP+delegation+to+meet+with+%C3%96calan&rft.pub=Sabah+English&rft.date=2013-02-14&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fenglish.sabah.com.tr%2Fnational%2F2013%2F02%2F14%2Fbdp-delegation-to-meet-with-ocalan&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATimeline+of+the+Kurdistan+Workers%27+Party+insurgency+%281978%E2%80%932015%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-112"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-112">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://english.sabah.com.tr/national/2013/02/23/first-step-to-peace-take-your-hand-off-the-trigger">"BDP delegation heads to İmrali for second round of talks"</a>. Sabah English. February 23, 2013<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">April 22,</span> 2013</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=BDP+delegation+heads+to+%C4%B0mrali+for+second+round+of+talks&rft.pub=Sabah+English&rft.date=2013-02-23&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fenglish.sabah.com.tr%2Fnational%2F2013%2F02%2F23%2Ffirst-step-to-peace-take-your-hand-off-the-trigger&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATimeline+of+the+Kurdistan+Workers%27+Party+insurgency+%281978%E2%80%932015%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-113"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-113">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.today/20130629052020/http://en.firatnews.com/news/news/delegation-on-its-way-to-meet-turkish-prisoners-held-by-pkk-flash.htm">"Delegation on its way to meet Turkish prisoners held by PKK"</a>. Fırat Haber Ajansı. March 11, 2013. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://en.firatnews.com/news/news/delegation-on-its-way-to-meet-turkish-prisoners-held-by-pkk-flash.htm">the original</a> on June 29, 2013<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">April 22,</span> 2013</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Delegation+on+its+way+to+meet+Turkish+prisoners+held+by+PKK&rft.pub=F%C4%B1rat+Haber+Ajans%C4%B1&rft.date=2013-03-11&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fen.firatnews.com%2Fnews%2Fnews%2Fdelegation-on-its-way-to-meet-turkish-prisoners-held-by-pkk-flash.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATimeline+of+the+Kurdistan+Workers%27+Party+insurgency+%281978%E2%80%932015%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-114"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-114">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.today/20130706111027/http://www.saudigazette.com.sa/index.cfm?method=home.regcon&contentid=20130313156705">"Kurd rebels free Turkish prisoners in northern Iraq"</a>. Saudi Gazette. March 13, 2013. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.saudigazette.com.sa/index.cfm?method=home.regcon&contentid=20130313156705">the original</a> on July 6, 2013<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">April 22,</span> 2013</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Kurd+rebels+free+Turkish+prisoners+in+northern+Iraq&rft.pub=Saudi+Gazette&rft.date=2013-03-13&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.saudigazette.com.sa%2Findex.cfm%3Fmethod%3Dhome.regcon%26contentid%3D20130313156705&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATimeline+of+the+Kurdistan+Workers%27+Party+insurgency+%281978%E2%80%932015%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-115"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-115">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.arabnews.com/news/446933">"Erdogan's 'wise' step to help Kurd peace talks"</a>. Arab News. April 3, 2013<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">April 26,</span> 2013</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Erdogan%27s+%27wise%27+step+to+help+Kurd+peace+talks&rft.pub=Arab+News&rft.date=2013-04-03&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.arabnews.com%2Fnews%2F446933&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATimeline+of+the+Kurdistan+Workers%27+Party+insurgency+%281978%E2%80%932015%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-116"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-116">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.csmonitor.com/World/Europe/2013/0508/PKK-militants-start-withdrawal-from-Turkey-fueling-optimism-for-peace-process">"PKK militants start withdrawal from Turkey, fueling optimism for peace process"</a>. The Christian Science Monitor. May 8, 2013<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">May 10,</span> 2013</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=PKK+militants+start+withdrawal+from+Turkey%2C+fueling+optimism+for+peace+process&rft.pub=The+Christian+Science+Monitor&rft.date=2013-05-08&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.csmonitor.com%2FWorld%2FEurope%2F2013%2F0508%2FPKK-militants-start-withdrawal-from-Turkey-fueling-optimism-for-peace-process&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATimeline+of+the+Kurdistan+Workers%27+Party+insurgency+%281978%E2%80%932015%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-117"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-117">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.worldbulletin.net/?aType=haber&ArticleID=108427">"<span class="cs1-kern-left"></span>"Wise People" to present preliminary report to Turkish PM"</a>. World Bulletin. May 9, 2013<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">May 10,</span> 2013</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=%22Wise+People%22+to+present+preliminary+report+to+Turkish+PM&rft.pub=World+Bulletin&rft.date=2013-05-09&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.worldbulletin.net%2F%3FaType%3Dhaber%26ArticleID%3D108427&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATimeline+of+the+Kurdistan+Workers%27+Party+insurgency+%281978%E2%80%932015%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-118"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-118">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.dailystar.com.lb/News/Middle-East/2013/Dec-06/240160-two-killed-in-turkey-clashes-over-pkk-cemetery.ashx#axzz2mqNsYxSx">"Two killed in Turkey clashes over PKK cemetery"</a>. <i>The Daily Star Newspaper – Lebanon</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">February 11,</span> 2015</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+Daily+Star+Newspaper+%E2%80%93+Lebanon&rft.atitle=Two+killed+in+Turkey+clashes+over+PKK+cemetery&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.dailystar.com.lb%2FNews%2FMiddle-East%2F2013%2FDec-06%2F240160-two-killed-in-turkey-clashes-over-pkk-cemetery.ashx%23axzz2mqNsYxSx&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATimeline+of+the+Kurdistan+Workers%27+Party+insurgency+%281978%E2%80%932015%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-119"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-119">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://ekurd.net/mismas/articles/misc2013/12/turkey4878.htm">"Kurdish PKK threatens to retaliate over protester deaths in Turkey"</a>. Ekurd.net<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">January 2,</span> 2014</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Kurdish+PKK+threatens+to+retaliate+over+protester+deaths+in+Turkey&rft.pub=Ekurd.net&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fekurd.net%2Fmismas%2Farticles%2Fmisc2013%2F12%2Fturkey4878.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATimeline+of+the+Kurdistan+Workers%27+Party+insurgency+%281978%E2%80%932015%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-120"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-120">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20141017230843/http://www.todayszaman.com/son-dakika_tsk2-soldiers-6-pydpkk-members-killed-during-clash-on-syrian-border_353692.html">"Three soldiers, 6 PYD militants killed in clash on Syria border"</a>. <i>Today's Zaman</i>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.todayszaman.com/son-dakika_tsk2-soldiers-6-pydpkk-members-killed-during-clash-on-syrian-border_353692.html">the original</a> on October 17, 2014<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">October 22,</span> 2014</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Today%27s+Zaman&rft.atitle=Three+soldiers%2C+6+PYD+militants+killed+in+clash+on+Syria+border&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.todayszaman.com%2Fson-dakika_tsk2-soldiers-6-pydpkk-members-killed-during-clash-on-syrian-border_353692.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATimeline+of+the+Kurdistan+Workers%27+Party+insurgency+%281978%E2%80%932015%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-121"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-121">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.hurriyetdailynews.com/death-toll-in-turkey-climbs-to-37-as-interior-minister-presents-grave-cost-of-unrest.aspx?pageID=238&nID=72791&NewsCatID=341">"Death toll in Turkey climbs to 37 as interior minister presents grave cost of unrest – LOCAL"</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">February 11,</span> 2015</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Death+toll+in+Turkey+climbs+to+37+as+interior+minister+presents+grave+cost+of+unrest+%E2%80%93+LOCAL&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.hurriyetdailynews.com%2Fdeath-toll-in-turkey-climbs-to-37-as-interior-minister-presents-grave-cost-of-unrest.aspx%3FpageID%3D238%26nID%3D72791%26NewsCatID%3D341&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATimeline+of+the+Kurdistan+Workers%27+Party+insurgency+%281978%E2%80%932015%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-122"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-122">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://news.antiwar.com/2015/03/22/jailed-pkk-leader-urges-end-to-turkey-conflict/">"Jailed PKK Leader Urges End to Turkey Conflict"</a>. <i>News From Antiwar.com</i>. March 23, 2015.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=News+From+Antiwar.com&rft.atitle=Jailed+PKK+Leader+Urges+End+to+Turkey+Conflict&rft.date=2015-03-23&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fnews.antiwar.com%2F2015%2F03%2F22%2Fjailed-pkk-leader-urges-end-to-turkey-conflict%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATimeline+of+the+Kurdistan+Workers%27+Party+insurgency+%281978%E2%80%932015%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Timeline_of_the_Kurdistan_Workers%27_Party_insurgency_(1978%E2%80%932015)&action=edit&section=31" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20090915003543/http://pkk.ataturk.org/">Victims of the Conflict</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.themilitant.com/2009/7314/731461.html">Turkish Gov’t Pushes to Disarm Kurdish Fighters</a> by Cindy Jaquith, <i>The Militant</i>, April 13, 2009</li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Kurdistan_Workers&#039;_Party_insurgency502" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible uncollapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Kurdish%E2%80%93Turkish_conflict_(1978%E2%80%93present)" title="Template:Kurdish–Turkish conflict (1978–present)"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Kurdish%E2%80%93Turkish_conflict_(1978%E2%80%93present)" title="Template talk:Kurdish–Turkish conflict (1978–present)"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Kurdish%E2%80%93Turkish_conflict_(1978%E2%80%93present)" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Kurdish–Turkish conflict (1978–present)"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Kurdistan_Workers&#039;_Party_insurgency502" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Kurdistan_Workers%27_Party_insurgency" title="Kurdistan Workers' Party insurgency">Kurdistan Workers' Party insurgency</a></div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li>Timelines <ul><li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">1978–2015</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_the_Kurdistan_Workers%27_Party_insurgency_(2015%E2%80%93present)" title="Timeline of the Kurdistan Workers' Party insurgency (2015–present)">2015–present</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Template:Turkish_insurgency_detailed_map" title="Template:Turkish insurgency detailed map">Map</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Flag_of_Turkey.svg/23px-Flag_of_Turkey.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Flag_of_Turkey.svg/35px-Flag_of_Turkey.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Flag_of_Turkey.svg/45px-Flag_of_Turkey.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="800" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Turkey" title="Turkey">Turkey</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:11em">State</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Politics_of_Turkey" title="Politics of Turkey">Government</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Security_Council_(Turkey)" title="National Security Council (Turkey)">National Security Council</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Turkish_Armed_Forces" title="Turkish Armed Forces">Military</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Turkish_Land_Forces" title="Turkish Land Forces">Army</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Turkish_Air_Force" title="Turkish Air Force">Air Force</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Turkish_Naval_Forces" title="Turkish Naval Forces">Navy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gendarmerie_General_Command" title="Gendarmerie General Command">Gendarmerie</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Coast_Guard_Command_(Turkey)" title="Coast Guard Command (Turkey)">Coast Guard</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/General_Directorate_of_Security_(Turkey)" title="General Directorate of Security (Turkey)">Police</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Intelligence_Organization" title="National Intelligence Organization">MİT</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Village_guard_system" title="Village guard system">Village Guards</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:11em"><a href="/wiki/Deep_state_in_Turkey" title="Deep state in Turkey">Deep state</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Counter-Guerrilla" title="Counter-Guerrilla">Counter-Guerrilla</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Grey_Wolves_(organization)" title="Grey Wolves (organization)">Grey Wolves</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Turkish_Revenge_Brigade" title="Turkish Revenge Brigade">Turkish Revenge Brigade</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Susurluk_scandal" title="Susurluk scandal">Susurluk scandal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ergenekon_(organization)" title="Ergenekon (organization)">Ergenekon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gendarmerie_Intelligence_Organization" title="Gendarmerie Intelligence Organization">JİTEM</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Kurds" title="Kurds">Kurdish</a> groups</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:11em">Insurgent</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2e/Flag_of_Koma_Civak%C3%AAn_Kurdistan%C3%AA.svg/23px-Flag_of_Koma_Civak%C3%AAn_Kurdistan%C3%AA.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2e/Flag_of_Koma_Civak%C3%AAn_Kurdistan%C3%AA.svg/35px-Flag_of_Koma_Civak%C3%AAn_Kurdistan%C3%AA.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2e/Flag_of_Koma_Civak%C3%AAn_Kurdistan%C3%AA.svg/45px-Flag_of_Koma_Civak%C3%AAn_Kurdistan%C3%AA.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="3000" data-file-height="2000" /></span></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Kurdistan_Communities_Union" title="Kurdistan Communities Union">KCK</a></li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/df/Flag_of_Kurdistan_Workers%27_Party.svg/23px-Flag_of_Kurdistan_Workers%27_Party.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/df/Flag_of_Kurdistan_Workers%27_Party.svg/35px-Flag_of_Kurdistan_Workers%27_Party.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/df/Flag_of_Kurdistan_Workers%27_Party.svg/45px-Flag_of_Kurdistan_Workers%27_Party.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Kurdistan_Workers%27_Party" title="Kurdistan Workers' Party">PKK</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/History_of_the_Kurdistan_Workers%27_Party" title="History of the Kurdistan Workers' Party">History</a></li></ul></li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6e/Flag_of_H%C3%AAz%C3%AAn_Parastina_Gel.svg/23px-Flag_of_H%C3%AAz%C3%AAn_Parastina_Gel.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="13" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6e/Flag_of_H%C3%AAz%C3%AAn_Parastina_Gel.svg/35px-Flag_of_H%C3%AAz%C3%AAn_Parastina_Gel.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6e/Flag_of_H%C3%AAz%C3%AAn_Parastina_Gel.svg/46px-Flag_of_H%C3%AAz%C3%AAn_Parastina_Gel.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="600" /></span></span></span> <a href="/wiki/People%27s_Defence_Forces" title="People's Defence Forces">People's Defence Forces</a> (HPG)</li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/58/Flag_of_YJA-Star.svg/23px-Flag_of_YJA-Star.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="13" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/58/Flag_of_YJA-Star.svg/35px-Flag_of_YJA-Star.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/58/Flag_of_YJA-Star.svg/46px-Flag_of_YJA-Star.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="600" /></span></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Free_Women%27s_Units" title="Free Women's Units">Free Women's Units</a> (YJA-STAR)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Liberation_Front_of_Kurdistan" class="mw-redirect" title="National Liberation Front of Kurdistan">National Liberation Front of Kurdistan</a> (ERNK)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Liberation_Forces_OF_Kurdistan&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Liberation Forces OF Kurdistan (page does not exist)">Liberation Forces OF Kurdistan</a> (HRK)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/People%27s_Liberation_Army_of_Kurdistan" class="mw-redirect" title="People's Liberation Army of Kurdistan">People's Liberation Army of Kurdistan</a> (ARGK)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Democratic_People%27s_Union_of_Kurdish&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Democratic People's Union of Kurdish (page does not exist)">Democratic People's Union of Kurdish</a> (YDK)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Democratic_Society_Coordination_of_Kurdistan&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Democratic Society Coordination of Kurdistan (page does not exist)">Democratic Society Coordination of Kurdistan</a> (CDK)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Free_Women%27s_Union_of_Kurdistan&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Free Women's Union of Kurdistan (page does not exist)">Free Women's Union of Kurdistan</a> (YAJK)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Workers%27_Women_Party_of_Kurdistan&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Workers' Women Party of Kurdistan (page does not exist)">Workers' Women Party of Kurdistan</a> (PJKK)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Free_Women_Party&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Free Women Party (page does not exist)">Free Women Party</a> (PJA)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Free_Women%27s_Party_of_Kurdistan&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Free Women's Party of Kurdistan (page does not exist)">Free Women's Party of Kurdistan</a> (PAJK)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Women%27s_Liberation_Movement_of_Kurdistan&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Women's Liberation Movement of Kurdistan (page does not exist)">Women's Liberation Movement of Kurdistan</a> (KJB)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Freedom_and_Democracy_Congress_of_Kurdistan&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Freedom and Democracy Congress of Kurdistan (page does not exist)">Freedom and Democracy Congress of Kurdistan</a> (KADEK)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=People%27s_Congress_(Turkey)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="People's Congress (Turkey) (page does not exist)">People's Congress</a> (Kongra-Gel)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Confederation_Community_of_Kurdistan&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Confederation Community of Kurdistan (page does not exist)">Confederation Community of Kurdistan</a> (KKK)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Revolutionary_Party_of_Kurdistan" title="Revolutionary Party of Kurdistan">Revolutionary Party of Kurdistan</a> (PŞK)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Workers_Vanguard_Party_of_Kurdistan" title="Workers Vanguard Party of Kurdistan">Workers Vanguard Party of Kurdistan</a> (PPKK)</li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d3/InfoboxTAK.png/20px-InfoboxTAK.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d3/InfoboxTAK.png/31px-InfoboxTAK.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d3/InfoboxTAK.png/40px-InfoboxTAK.png 2x" data-file-width="260" data-file-height="195" /></span></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Kurdistan_Freedom_Hawks" title="Kurdistan Freedom Hawks">TAK</a></li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c7/Flag_of_the_Kurdistan_Democratic_Party_North.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_Kurdistan_Democratic_Party_North.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c7/Flag_of_the_Kurdistan_Democratic_Party_North.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_Kurdistan_Democratic_Party_North.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c7/Flag_of_the_Kurdistan_Democratic_Party_North.svg/45px-Flag_of_the_Kurdistan_Democratic_Party_North.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Kurdistan_Democratic_Party/North" title="Kurdistan Democratic Party/North">KDP/N</a></li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6b/Flag_of_Partiya_Jiyana_Azad_a_Kurdistan%C3%AA.svg/23px-Flag_of_Partiya_Jiyana_Azad_a_Kurdistan%C3%AA.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6b/Flag_of_Partiya_Jiyana_Azad_a_Kurdistan%C3%AA.svg/35px-Flag_of_Partiya_Jiyana_Azad_a_Kurdistan%C3%AA.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6b/Flag_of_Partiya_Jiyana_Azad_a_Kurdistan%C3%AA.svg/45px-Flag_of_Partiya_Jiyana_Azad_a_Kurdistan%C3%AA.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Kurdistan_Free_Life_Party" title="Kurdistan Free Life Party">PJAK</a></li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b6/Flag_of_the_Communist_Party_of_Kurdistan.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_Communist_Party_of_Kurdistan.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b6/Flag_of_the_Communist_Party_of_Kurdistan.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_Communist_Party_of_Kurdistan.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b6/Flag_of_the_Communist_Party_of_Kurdistan.svg/45px-Flag_of_the_Communist_Party_of_Kurdistan.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1500" data-file-height="1000" /></span></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Communist_Party_of_Kurdistan" class="mw-redirect" title="Communist Party of Kurdistan">KKP</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Free_Youth_Movement" title="Free Youth Movement">Free Youth Movement of Kurdistan</a> (TECAK)</li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/13/MLKP_Badge.svg/15px-MLKP_Badge.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/13/MLKP_Badge.svg/23px-MLKP_Badge.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/13/MLKP_Badge.svg/30px-MLKP_Badge.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="500" data-file-height="500" /></span></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Marxist%E2%80%93Leninist_Communist_Party_(Turkey)" title="Marxist–Leninist Communist Party (Turkey)">Marxist–Leninist Communist Party</a> (MLKP)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/YDG-H" title="YDG-H">Patriotic Revolutionary Youth Movement</a> (YDG-H)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Islamic_Party_of_Kurdistan" title="Islamic Party of Kurdistan">PIK</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kurdistan_Islamic_Movement_(Turkey)" title="Kurdistan Islamic Movement (Turkey)">HİK</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kurdish_Hezbollah" title="Kurdish Hezbollah">KH</a> <small>(<a href="/wiki/Free_Cause_Party" title="Free Cause Party">Hüda-Par</a>)</small></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:11em">Allies</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Revolutionary_People%27s_Party_(Turkey,_illegal)" class="mw-redirect" title="Revolutionary People's Party (Turkey, illegal)">DHP</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Revolution_Party_of_Turkey&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Revolution Party of Turkey (page does not exist)">TDP</a></li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9f/ASALA_logo.png/15px-ASALA_logo.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9f/ASALA_logo.png/23px-ASALA_logo.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9f/ASALA_logo.png/30px-ASALA_logo.png 2x" data-file-width="491" data-file-height="490" /></span></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Armenian_Secret_Army_for_the_Liberation_of_Armenia" title="Armenian Secret Army for the Liberation of Armenia">ASALA</a> <small>(until the late 1980s)</small></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:11em"><a href="/wiki/Kurdish_Independence_Movement_in_Turkey" class="mw-redirect" title="Kurdish Independence Movement in Turkey">Political</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/People%27s_Labour_Party_(Turkey)" title="People's Labour Party (Turkey)">HEP</a> (1990–1993)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Democracy_Party_(Turkey)" title="Democracy Party (Turkey)">DEP</a> (1993–1994)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/People%27s_Democracy_Party" title="People's Democracy Party">HADEP</a> (1994–2003)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Democratic_People%27s_Party_(Turkey)" title="Democratic People's Party (Turkey)">DEHAP</a> (1997–2005)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Democratic_Society_Party#Background" title="Democratic Society Party">DTH</a> (2005)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Democratic_Society_Party" title="Democratic Society Party">DTP</a> (2005–2009)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peace_and_Democracy_Party" title="Peace and Democracy Party">BDP</a> (2008–2014)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peoples%27_Democratic_Party_(Turkey)" title="Peoples' Democratic Party (Turkey)">HDP</a> (2012–present)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Democratic_Regions_Party" title="Democratic Regions Party">DBP</a> (2014–present)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peoples%27_Equality_and_Democracy_Party" title="Peoples' Equality and Democracy Party">DEM</a> (2023–present)</li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">The conflict</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:11em">1974–1984</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Political_violence_in_Turkey_(1976%E2%80%931980)" title="Political violence in Turkey (1976–1980)">Political violence in Turkey (1976–1980)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mara%C5%9F_massacre" title="Maraş massacre">Maraş massacre</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1980_Turkish_coup_d%27%C3%A9tat" title="1980 Turkish coup d'état">1980 Turkish coup d'état</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:11em">1984–1999</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/1984_PKK_attacks" title="1984 PKK attacks">1984 PKK attacks</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Karage%C3%A7it_village_massacre" title="Karageçit village massacre">Karageçit</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/August_1986_Turkish_incursion_into_northern_Iraq" title="August 1986 Turkish incursion into northern Iraq">August 1986 Turkish incursion into northern Iraq</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ortaba%C4%9F_Massacre" class="mw-redirect" title="Ortabağ Massacre">Ortabağ</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/March_1987_Turkish_incursion_into_northern_Iraq" title="March 1987 Turkish incursion into northern Iraq">March 1987 Turkish incursion into northern Iraq</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/P%C4%B1narc%C4%B1k_massacre" title="Pınarcık massacre">Pınarcık massacre</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ye%C5%9Filova_incident" title="Yeşilova incident">Yeşilova incident</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_%C5%9E%C4%B1rnak" class="mw-redirect" title="Battle of Şırnak">Battle of Şırnak</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=1992_Ta%C5%9Fdelen_attack&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1992 Taşdelen attack (page does not exist)">1992 Taşdelen attack</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Battle_of_Kulp&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Battle of Kulp (page does not exist)">Battle of Kulp</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Operation_Northern_Iraq" class="mw-redirect" title="Operation Northern Iraq">Operation Northern Iraq</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/May_24,_1993_PKK_attack" class="mw-redirect" title="May 24, 1993 PKK attack">May 24, 1993 PKK attack</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ba%C5%9Fba%C4%9Flar_massacre" title="Başbağlar massacre">Başbağlar massacre</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lice_massacre" title="Lice massacre">Lice massacre</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Turkish_army_winter_campaign_of_1994%E2%80%931995" class="mw-redirect" title="Turkish army winter campaign of 1994–1995">Winter Campaign of 1994–1995</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Operation_Steel" title="Operation Steel">Operation Steel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Operation_Hawk" title="Operation Hawk">Operation Hawk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Operation_Tokat" title="Operation Tokat">Operation Tokat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1996_Tunceli_bombing" title="1996 Tunceli bombing">1996 Tunceli bombing</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Siege_of_Varto&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Siege of Varto (page does not exist)">Siege of Varto</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sazak_assault" title="Sazak assault">Sazak assault</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Operation_Hammer_(1997)" title="Operation Hammer (1997)">Operation Hammer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Operation_Dawn_(1997)" title="Operation Dawn (1997)">Operation Dawn</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Operation_Murat" title="Operation Murat">Operation Murat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1999_Istanbul_bombings" title="1999 Istanbul bombings">1999 Istanbul bombings</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Blue_Market_massacre" title="Blue Market massacre">Blue Market massacre</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:11em">1999–2004</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><a href="/w/index.php?title=2000_Turkish_Hezbollah_crackdown&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="2000 Turkish Hezbollah crackdown (page does not exist)">2000 Turkish Hezbollah crackdown</a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:11em">2004–2012</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/2005_Ku%C5%9Fadas%C4%B1_minibus_bombing" title="2005 Kuşadası minibus bombing">2005 Kuşadası minibus bombing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2007_Ankara_bombing" title="2007 Ankara bombing">2007 Ankara bombing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/October_2007_clashes_in_Hakk%C3%A2ri" title="October 2007 clashes in Hakkâri">October 2007 clashes in Hakkâri</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/December_2007_Turkish_incursion_into_northern_Iraq" title="December 2007 Turkish incursion into northern Iraq">December 2007 Turkish incursion into northern Iraq</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2008_Diyarbak%C4%B1r_bombing" title="2008 Diyarbakır bombing">2008 Diyarbakır bombing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2008_Turkish_incursion_into_northern_Iraq" title="2008 Turkish incursion into northern Iraq">2008 Turkish incursion into northern Iraq</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2008_Istanbul_bombings" title="2008 Istanbul bombings">2008 Istanbul bombings</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2008_Akt%C3%BCt%C3%BCn_attack" title="2008 Aktütün attack">October 2008 Aktütün attack</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Re%C5%9Fadiye_shooting" title="Reşadiye shooting">Reşadiye shooting</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2010_%C4%B0skenderun_attack" title="2010 İskenderun attack">2010 İskenderun attack</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2010_Hakk%C3%A2ri_bus_bombing" class="mw-redirect" title="2010 Hakkâri bus bombing">2010 Hakkâri bus bombing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2010_Istanbul_bombing" title="2010 Istanbul bombing">2010 Istanbul bombing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/August_2011_Turkey%E2%80%93Iraq_cross-border_raids" title="August 2011 Turkey–Iraq cross-border raids">August 2011 Turkey–Iraq cross-border raids</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2011_Hakk%C3%A2ri_attack" title="2011 Hakkâri attack">2011 Hakkâri attack</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roboski_massacre" title="Roboski massacre">Roboski massacre</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/June%E2%80%93August_2012_Hakkari_clashes" title="June–August 2012 Hakkari clashes">June–August 2012 Hakkari clashes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2012_Gaziantep_bombing" title="2012 Gaziantep bombing">2012 Gaziantep bombing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/September_2012_Beyt%C3%BC%C5%9F%C5%9Febap_attack" title="September 2012 Beytüşşebap attack">September 2012 Beytüşşebap attack</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:11em"><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_the_Kurdistan_Workers%27_Party_insurgency_(2015%E2%80%93present)" title="Timeline of the Kurdistan Workers' Party insurgency (2015–present)">2015–present</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/2015_Siirt_bombing" title="2015 Siirt bombing">2015 Siirt bombing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Operation_Martyr_Yal%C3%A7%C4%B1n" title="Operation Martyr Yalçın">Operation Martyr Yalçın</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2015_Hakkari_assault" title="2015 Hakkari assault">2015 Hakkari assault</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Siege_of_Silvan_(2015)" title="Siege of Silvan (2015)">Siege of Silvan (2015)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%C5%9E%C4%B1rnak_clashes_(2015%E2%80%932016)" title="Şırnak clashes (2015–2016)">Şırnak clashes (2015–2016)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Siege_of_Sur_(2016)" title="Siege of Sur (2016)">Siege of Sur (2016)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/February_2016_Lice_bombing" title="February 2016 Lice bombing">February 2016 Lice bombing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/February_2016_Ankara_bombing" title="February 2016 Ankara bombing">February 2016 Ankara bombing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/March_2016_Ankara_bombing" title="March 2016 Ankara bombing">March 2016 Ankara bombing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/March_2016_Turkish_incursion_into_northern_Iraq" title="March 2016 Turkish incursion into northern Iraq">March 2016 Turkish incursion into northern Iraq</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2016_Bursa_bombing" title="2016 Bursa bombing">2016 Bursa bombing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/May_2016_D%C3%BCr%C3%BCml%C3%BC_bombing" title="May 2016 Dürümlü bombing">May 2016 Dürümlü bombing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/May_2016_Diyarbak%C4%B1r_bombing" title="May 2016 Diyarbakır bombing">May 2016 Diyarbakır bombing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2016_Cizre_bombing" title="2016 Cizre bombing">2016 Cizre bombing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2016_Elaz%C4%B1%C4%9F_bombing" title="2016 Elazığ bombing">2016 Elazığ bombing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Assassination_of_Deryan_Aktert" title="Assassination of Deryan Aktert">Assassination of Deryan Aktert</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/December_2016_Istanbul_bombings" title="December 2016 Istanbul bombings">December 2016 Istanbul bombings</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2017_Diyarbak%C4%B1r_bombing" title="2017 Diyarbakır bombing">2017 Diyarbakır bombing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Turkish_airstrikes_on_Sinjar_(2018)" title="Turkish airstrikes on Sinjar (2018)">Turkish airstrikes on Sinjar (2018)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2018_Siirt_raid" title="2018 Siirt raid">2018 Siirt raid</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2018_Gerc%C3%BC%C5%9F_bombing" title="2018 Gercüş bombing">2018 Gercüş bombing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2019_Turkish_offensive_into_north-eastern_Syria" title="2019 Turkish offensive into north-eastern Syria">2019 Turkish offensive into north-eastern Syria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2020_%C4%B0skenderun_shootout" title="2020 İskenderun shootout">2020 İskenderun shootout</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Operation_Claw-Eagle_2" title="Operation Claw-Eagle 2">Operation Claw-Eagle 2</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Operation_Claw-Lock" title="Operation Claw-Lock">Operation Claw-Lock</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Zakho_resort_attack" title="Zakho resort attack">Zakho resort attack</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=2022_Mersin_attack&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="2022 Mersin attack (page does not exist)">2022 Mersin attack</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Operation_Claw-Sword" title="Operation Claw-Sword">Operation Claw-Sword</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2023_Ankara_bombing" title="2023 Ankara bombing">2023 Ankara bombing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/October_2023_Northeastern_Syria_clashes" class="mw-redirect" title="October 2023 Northeastern Syria clashes">October 2023 Northeastern Syria clashes</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Protests</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:11em"><a href="/wiki/Serhildan" title="Serhildan">Serhildan</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=March_1990_Kurdish_protests_in_Turkey&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="March 1990 Kurdish protests in Turkey (page does not exist)">1990</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=March_1991_Kurdish_protests_in_Turkey&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="March 1991 Kurdish protests in Turkey (page does not exist)">1991</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Nowruz_1992_protests_in_Turkey&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Nowruz 1992 protests in Turkey (page does not exist)">1992</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/February_1999_Kurdish_protests" title="February 1999 Kurdish protests">1999</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=February_2001_Kurdish_protests_in_Turkey&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="February 2001 Kurdish protests in Turkey (page does not exist)">2001</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=November_2005_Kurdish_protests_in_Turkey&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="November 2005 Kurdish protests in Turkey (page does not exist)">2005</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=2006_Kurdish_protests_in_Turkey&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="2006 Kurdish protests in Turkey (page does not exist)">2006</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Nowruz_2008_protests_in_Turkey&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Nowruz 2008 protests in Turkey (page does not exist)">2008</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/December_2009_Kurdish_protests_in_Turkey" title="December 2009 Kurdish protests in Turkey">2009</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2011%E2%80%932012_Kurdish_protests_in_Turkey" title="2011–2012 Kurdish protests in Turkey">2011–2012</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2014_Koban%C3%AE_protests" title="2014 Kobanî protests">2014</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:11em">Others</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Mothers_of_Diyarbak%C4%B1r" title="Mothers of Diyarbakır">Mothers of Diyarbakır</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Peace process<br />and peace efforts</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/1991%E2%80%932004_Kurdish%E2%80%93Turkish_peace_initiatives" title="1991–2004 Kurdish–Turkish peace initiatives">1991–2004 Kurdish–Turkish peace initiatives</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2013%E2%80%932015_PKK%E2%80%93Turkey_peace_process" title="2013–2015 PKK–Turkey peace process">2013–2015 Solution process</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1993_Kurdistan_Workers%27_Party_ceasefire" title="1993 Kurdistan Workers' Party ceasefire">1993 Kurdistan Workers' Party ceasefire</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Musa_Anter_peace_train" title="Musa Anter peace train">Musa Anter peace train</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2009%E2%80%932010_Kurdistan_Workers%27_Party_ceasefire" title="2009–2010 Kurdistan Workers' Party ceasefire">2009–2010 Kurdistan Workers' Party ceasefire</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Kurdish leaders</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:11em">Insurgent</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Abdullah_%C3%96calan" title="Abdullah Öcalan">Abdullah Öcalan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Murat_Karay%C4%B1lan" title="Murat Karayılan">Murat Karayılan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cem%C3%AEl_Bayik" title="Cemîl Bayik">Cemîl Bayik</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bahoz_Erdal" title="Bahoz Erdal">Bahoz Erdal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mustafa_Karasu" title="Mustafa Karasu">Mustafa Karasu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Duran_Kalkan" title="Duran Kalkan">Duran Kalkan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abdul_Rahman_Haji_Ahmadi" title="Abdul Rahman Haji Ahmadi">Haji Ahmadi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Osman_%C3%96calan" title="Osman Öcalan">Osman Öcalan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mahsum_Korkmaz" title="Mahsum Korkmaz">Mahsum Korkmaz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%C5%9Eemdin_Sak%C4%B1k" title="Şemdin Sakık">Şemdin Sakık</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nizamettin_Ta%C5%9F" title="Nizamettin Taş">Nizamettin Taş</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mazlum_Do%C4%9Fan" title="Mazlum Doğan">Mazlum Doğan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Muhammad_Salih_Mustafa" title="Muhammad Salih Mustafa">Muhammad Mustafa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/H%C3%BCseyin_Velio%C4%9Flu" title="Hüseyin Velioğlu">Hüseyin Velioğlu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Celal_Ba%C5%9Fkale" title="Celal Başkale">Celal Başkale</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%C4%B0smail_%C3%96zden" title="İsmail Özden">İsmail Özden</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:11em">Political</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ahmet_Fehmi_I%C5%9F%C4%B1klar" title="Ahmet Fehmi Işıklar">Ahmet Fehmi Işıklar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ya%C5%9Far_Kaya" title="Yaşar Kaya">Yaşar Kaya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Leyla_Zana" title="Leyla Zana">Leyla Zana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hatip_Dicle" title="Hatip Dicle">Hatip Dicle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Orhan_Do%C4%9Fan" title="Orhan Doğan">Orhan Doğan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ahmet_T%C3%BCrk" title="Ahmet Türk">Ahmet Türk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Murat_Bozlak" title="Murat Bozlak">Murat Bozlak</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tuncer_Bak%C4%B1rhan" title="Tuncer Bakırhan">Tuncer Bakırhan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aysel_Tu%C4%9Fluk" title="Aysel Tuğluk">Aysel Tuğluk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Selahattin_Demirta%C5%9F" title="Selahattin Demirtaş">Selahattin Demirtaş</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nurettin_Demirta%C5%9F" title="Nurettin Demirtaş">Nurettin Demirtaş</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ayla_Akat_Ata" title="Ayla Akat Ata">Ayla Akat Ata</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/G%C3%BCltan_K%C4%B1%C5%9Fanak" title="Gültan Kışanak">Gültan Kışanak</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pervin_Buldan" title="Pervin Buldan">Pervin Buldan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Emine_Ayna" title="Emine Ayna">Emine Ayna</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sebahat_Tuncel" title="Sebahat Tuncel">Sebahat Tuncel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kemal_Burkay" title="Kemal Burkay">Kemal Burkay</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fatma_Kurtulan" title="Fatma Kurtulan">Fatma Kurtulan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Osman_Baydemir" title="Osman Baydemir">Osman Baydemir</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/S%C4%B1rr%C4%B1_S%C3%BCreyya_%C3%96nder" title="Sırrı Süreyya Önder">Sırrı Süreyya Önder</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Turkish leaders</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:11em">Military</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kenan_Evren" title="Kenan Evren">Kenan Evren</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tahsin_%C5%9Eahinkaya" title="Tahsin Şahinkaya">Tahsin Şahinkaya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/B%C3%BClend_Ulusu" title="Bülend Ulusu">Bülend Ulusu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nurettin_Ersin" title="Nurettin Ersin">Nurettin Ersin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Necdet_%C3%9Cru%C4%9F" title="Necdet Üruğ">Necdet Üruğ</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Necip_Torumtay" title="Necip Torumtay">Necip Torumtay</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/E%C5%9Fref_Bitlis" title="Eşref Bitlis">Eşref Bitlis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Do%C4%9Fan_G%C3%BCre%C5%9F" title="Doğan Güreş">Doğan Güreş</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%C4%B0smail_Hakk%C4%B1_Karaday%C4%B1" title="İsmail Hakkı Karadayı">İsmail Hakkı Karadayı</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/H%C3%BCseyin_K%C4%B1vr%C4%B1ko%C4%9Flu" title="Hüseyin Kıvrıkoğlu">Hüseyin Kıvrıkoğlu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hilmi_%C3%96zk%C3%B6k" title="Hilmi Özkök">Hilmi Özkök</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%C4%B0brahim_F%C4%B1rt%C4%B1na" title="İbrahim Fırtına">İbrahim Fırtına</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Faruk_C%C3%B6mert" title="Faruk Cömert">Faruk Cömert</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ya%C5%9Far_B%C3%BCy%C3%BCkan%C4%B1t" title="Yaşar Büyükanıt">Yaşar Büyükanıt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aydo%C4%9Fan_Babao%C4%9Flu" title="Aydoğan Babaoğlu">Aydoğan Babaoğlu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%C4%B0lker_Ba%C5%9Fbu%C4%9F" title="İlker Başbuğ">İlker Başbuğ</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/I%C5%9F%C4%B1k_Ko%C5%9Faner" title="Işık Koşaner">Işık Koşaner</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Erdal_Ceylano%C4%9Flu" title="Erdal Ceylanoğlu">Erdal Ceylanoğlu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Necdet_%C3%96zel" title="Necdet Özel">Necdet Özel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hayri_K%C4%B1vr%C4%B1ko%C4%9Flu" title="Hayri Kıvrıkoğlu">Hayri Kıvrıkoğlu</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:11em">Political</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Turgut_%C3%96zal" title="Turgut Özal">Turgut Özal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/S%C3%BCleyman_Demirel" title="Süleyman Demirel">Süleyman Demirel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/B%C3%BClent_Ecevit" title="Bülent Ecevit">Bülent Ecevit</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ali_Bozer" title="Ali Bozer">Ali Bozer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Y%C4%B1ld%C4%B1r%C4%B1m_Akbulut" title="Yıldırım Akbulut">Yıldırım Akbulut</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mesut_Y%C4%B1lmaz" title="Mesut Yılmaz">Mesut Yılmaz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Erdal_%C4%B0n%C3%B6n%C3%BC" title="Erdal İnönü">Erdal İnönü</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tansu_%C3%87iller" title="Tansu Çiller">Tansu Çiller</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mesut_Y%C4%B1lmaz" title="Mesut Yılmaz">Mesut Yılmaz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Necmettin_Erbakan" title="Necmettin Erbakan">Necmettin Erbakan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ahmet_Necdet_Sezer" title="Ahmet Necdet Sezer">Ahmet Necdet Sezer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abdullah_G%C3%BCl" title="Abdullah Gül">Abdullah Gül</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Recep_Tayyip_Erdo%C4%9Fan" title="Recep Tayyip Erdoğan">Recep Tayyip Erdoğan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/S%C3%BCleyman_Soylu" title="Süleyman Soylu">Süleyman Soylu</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">See also</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:11em"><a href="/wiki/List_of_monuments_and_memorials_to_the_Kurdish%E2%80%93Turkish_conflict" class="mw-redirect" title="List of monuments and memorials to the Kurdish–Turkish conflict">Memorials, monuments</a> <br />and <a href="/wiki/List_of_military_cemeteries_to_the_Kurdish%E2%80%93Turkish_conflict" class="mw-redirect" title="List of military cemeteries to the Kurdish–Turkish conflict">military cemeteries</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/33_Martyrs_Memorial" title="33 Martyrs Memorial">33 Martyrs Memorial</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/D%C3%BCzce_Military_Cemetery" title="Düzce Military Cemetery">Düzce Military Cemetery</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Monument_of_the_Martyrs_of_Internal_Security" title="Monument of the Martyrs of Internal Security">Monument of the Martyrs of Internal Security</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:11em">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Iraqi%E2%80%93Kurdish_conflict" title="Iraqi–Kurdish conflict">Iraqi–Kurdish conflict</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kurdish_separatism_in_Iran" title="Kurdish separatism in Iran">Kurdish separatism in Iran</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rojava_conflict" title="Rojava conflict">Rojava conflict</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kurdish_rebellions_in_Turkey" class="mw-redirect" title="Kurdish rebellions in Turkey">Kurdish rebellions in Turkey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kurdish_refugees" title="Kurdish refugees">Kurdish refugees</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Human_rights_of_Kurdish_people_in_Turkey" title="Human rights of Kurdish people in Turkey">Human rights of Kurdish people in Turkey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kurdish_villages_depopulated_by_Turkey" title="Kurdish villages depopulated by Turkey">Kurdish villages depopulated by Turkey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Turkish_war_crimes" title="Turkish war crimes">Turkish war crimes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Turkish_Armed_Forces_operations_in_Northern_Iraq" class="mw-redirect" title="List of Turkish Armed Forces operations in Northern Iraq">Iraq operations</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?useformat=desktop&type=1x1&usesul3=0" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Retrieved from "<a dir="ltr" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Timeline_of_the_Kurdistan_Workers%27_Party_insurgency_(1978–2015)&oldid=1271964999">https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Timeline_of_the_Kurdistan_Workers%27_Party_insurgency_(1978–2015)&oldid=1271964999</a>"</div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface"><div id="mw-normal-catlinks" class="mw-normal-catlinks"><a href="/wiki/Help:Category" title="Help:Category">Categories</a>: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:History_of_the_Kurdistan_Workers%27_Party" title="Category:History of the Kurdistan Workers' Party">History of the Kurdistan Workers' Party</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Terrorist_incidents_in_Asia_in_the_1980s" title="Category:Terrorist incidents in Asia in the 1980s">Terrorist incidents in Asia in the 1980s</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Terrorist_incidents_in_Asia_in_the_1990s" title="Category:Terrorist incidents in Asia in the 1990s">Terrorist incidents in Asia in the 1990s</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Terrorist_incidents_in_Asia_in_the_2000s" title="Category:Terrorist incidents in Asia in the 2000s">Terrorist incidents in Asia in the 2000s</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Terrorist_incidents_in_Asia_in_the_2010s" title="Category:Terrorist incidents in Asia in the 2010s">Terrorist incidents in Asia in the 2010s</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:History_of_the_Kurdish_people" title="Category:History of the Kurdish people">History of the Kurdish people</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Politics_of_Kurdistan_Region_(Iraq)" title="Category:Politics of Kurdistan Region (Iraq)">Politics of Kurdistan Region (Iraq)</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Wars_involving_Turkey" title="Category:Wars involving Turkey">Wars involving Turkey</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Kurdish%E2%80%93Turkish_conflict_(1978%E2%80%93present)" title="Category:Kurdish–Turkish conflict (1978–present)">Kurdish–Turkish conflict (1978–present)</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Timelines_of_20th-century_military_conflicts" title="Category:Timelines of 20th-century military conflicts">Timelines of 20th-century military conflicts</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Timelines_of_21st-century_military_conflicts" title="Category:Timelines of 21st-century military conflicts">Timelines of 21st-century military conflicts</a></li></ul></div><div id="mw-hidden-catlinks" class="mw-hidden-catlinks mw-hidden-cats-hidden">Hidden categories: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:CS1_Turkish-language_sources_(tr)" title="Category:CS1 Turkish-language sources (tr)">CS1 Turkish-language sources (tr)</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Webarchive_template_wayback_links" title="Category:Webarchive template wayback links">Webarchive template wayback links</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:All_articles_with_dead_external_links" title="Category:All articles with dead external links">All articles with dead external links</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_with_dead_external_links_from_November_2023" title="Category:Articles with dead external links from November 2023">Articles with dead external links from November 2023</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_with_permanently_dead_external_links" title="Category:Articles with permanently dead external links">Articles with permanently dead external links</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_with_dead_external_links_from_January_2020" title="Category:Articles with dead external links from January 2020">Articles with dead external links from January 2020</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_with_short_description" title="Category:Articles with short description">Articles with short description</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Short_description_is_different_from_Wikidata" title="Category:Short description is different from Wikidata">Short description is different from Wikidata</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Use_mdy_dates_from_April_2012" title="Category:Use mdy dates from April 2012">Use mdy dates from April 2012</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:All_articles_with_unsourced_statements" title="Category:All articles with unsourced statements">All articles with unsourced statements</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_with_unsourced_statements_from_October_2007" title="Category:Articles with unsourced statements from October 2007">Articles with unsourced statements from October 2007</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_with_unsourced_statements_from_July_2021" title="Category:Articles with unsourced statements from July 2021">Articles with unsourced statements from July 2021</a></li></ul></div></div> </div> </main> </div> <div class="mw-footer-container"> <footer id="footer" class="mw-footer" > <ul id="footer-info"> <li id="footer-info-lastmod"> This page was last edited on 26 January 2025, at 14:49<span class="anonymous-show"> (UTC)</span>.</li> <li id="footer-info-copyright">Text is available under the <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Text_of_the_Creative_Commons_Attribution-ShareAlike_4.0_International_License" title="Wikipedia:Text of the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License">Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 License</a>; additional terms may apply. By using this site, you agree to the <a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Terms_of_Use" class="extiw" title="foundation:Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Terms of Use">Terms of Use</a> and <a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Privacy_policy" class="extiw" title="foundation:Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Privacy policy">Privacy Policy</a>. Wikipedia® is a registered trademark of the <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://wikimediafoundation.org/">Wikimedia Foundation, Inc.</a>, a non-profit organization.</li> </ul> <ul id="footer-places"> <li id="footer-places-privacy"><a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Privacy_policy">Privacy policy</a></li> <li id="footer-places-about"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:About">About Wikipedia</a></li> <li id="footer-places-disclaimers"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:General_disclaimer">Disclaimers</a></li> <li id="footer-places-contact"><a href="//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Contact_us">Contact Wikipedia</a></li> <li id="footer-places-wm-codeofconduct"><a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Universal_Code_of_Conduct">Code of Conduct</a></li> <li id="footer-places-developers"><a href="https://developer.wikimedia.org">Developers</a></li> <li id="footer-places-statslink"><a href="https://stats.wikimedia.org/#/en.wikipedia.org">Statistics</a></li> <li id="footer-places-cookiestatement"><a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Cookie_statement">Cookie statement</a></li> <li id="footer-places-mobileview"><a href="//en.m.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Timeline_of_the_Kurdistan_Workers%27_Party_insurgency_(1978%E2%80%932015)&mobileaction=toggle_view_mobile" class="noprint stopMobileRedirectToggle">Mobile view</a></li> </ul> <ul id="footer-icons" class="noprint"> <li id="footer-copyrightico"><a href="https://wikimediafoundation.org/" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button--enabled"><picture><source media="(min-width: 500px)" srcset="/static/images/footer/wikimedia-button.svg" width="84" height="29"><img src="/static/images/footer/wikimedia.svg" width="25" height="25" alt="Wikimedia Foundation" lang="en" loading="lazy"></picture></a></li> <li id="footer-poweredbyico"><a href="https://www.mediawiki.org/" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button--enabled"><picture><source media="(min-width: 500px)" srcset="/w/resources/assets/poweredby_mediawiki.svg" width="88" height="31"><img src="/w/resources/assets/mediawiki_compact.svg" alt="Powered by MediaWiki" width="25" height="25" loading="lazy"></picture></a></li> </ul> </footer> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-header-container vector-sticky-header-container"> <div id="vector-sticky-header" class="vector-sticky-header"> <div class="vector-sticky-header-start"> <div class="vector-sticky-header-icon-start vector-button-flush-left vector-button-flush-right" aria-hidden="true"> <button class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-sticky-header-search-toggle" tabindex="-1" data-event-name="ui.vector-sticky-search-form.icon"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-search mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-search"></span> <span>Search</span> </button> </div> <div role="search" class="vector-search-box-vue vector-search-box-show-thumbnail vector-search-box"> <div class="vector-typeahead-search-container"> <div class="cdx-typeahead-search cdx-typeahead-search--show-thumbnail"> <form action="/w/index.php" id="vector-sticky-search-form" class="cdx-search-input cdx-search-input--has-end-button"> <div class="cdx-search-input__input-wrapper" data-search-loc="header-moved"> <div class="cdx-text-input cdx-text-input--has-start-icon"> <input class="cdx-text-input__input" type="search" name="search" placeholder="Search Wikipedia"> <span class="cdx-text-input__icon cdx-text-input__start-icon"></span> </div> <input type="hidden" name="title" value="Special:Search"> </div> <button class="cdx-button cdx-search-input__end-button">Search</button> </form> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-header-context-bar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-sticky-header-toc" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-sticky-header-toc vector-sticky-header-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-sticky-header-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-sticky-header-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-sticky-header-toc-label" for="vector-sticky-header-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Toggle the table of contents</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-sticky-header-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <div class="vector-sticky-header-context-bar-primary" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="mw-page-title-main">Timeline of the Kurdistan Workers' Party insurgency (1978–2015)</span></div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-header-end" aria-hidden="true"> <div class="vector-sticky-header-icons"> <a href="#" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only" id="ca-talk-sticky-header" tabindex="-1" data-event-name="talk-sticky-header"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-speechBubbles mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-speechBubbles"></span> <span></span> </a> <a href="#" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only" id="ca-subject-sticky-header" tabindex="-1" data-event-name="subject-sticky-header"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-article mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-article"></span> <span></span> </a> <a href="#" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only" id="ca-history-sticky-header" tabindex="-1" data-event-name="history-sticky-header"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-history mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-wikimedia-history"></span> <span></span> </a> <a href="#" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only mw-watchlink" id="ca-watchstar-sticky-header" tabindex="-1" data-event-name="watch-sticky-header"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-star mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-wikimedia-star"></span> <span></span> </a> <a href="#" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only" id="ca-edit-sticky-header" tabindex="-1" data-event-name="wikitext-edit-sticky-header"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-wikiText mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-wikimedia-wikiText"></span> <span></span> </a> <a href="#" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only" id="ca-ve-edit-sticky-header" tabindex="-1" data-event-name="ve-edit-sticky-header"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-edit mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-wikimedia-edit"></span> <span></span> </a> <a href="#" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only" id="ca-viewsource-sticky-header" tabindex="-1" data-event-name="ve-edit-protected-sticky-header"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-editLock mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-wikimedia-editLock"></span> <span></span> </a> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-header-buttons"> <button class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet mw-interlanguage-selector" id="p-lang-btn-sticky-header" tabindex="-1" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn-sticky-header"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-wikimedia-language"></span> <span>2 languages</span> </button> <a href="#" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive" id="ca-addsection-sticky-header" tabindex="-1" data-event-name="addsection-sticky-header"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-speechBubbleAdd-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-speechBubbleAdd-progressive"></span> <span>Add topic</span> </a> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-header-icon-end"> <div class="vector-user-links"> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-settings" id="p-dock-bottom"> <ul></ul> </div><script>(RLQ=window.RLQ||[]).push(function(){mw.config.set({"wgHostname":"mw-web.codfw.main-7b95555b9d-2gkcw","wgBackendResponseTime":149,"wgPageParseReport":{"limitreport":{"cputime":"0.918","walltime":"1.116","ppvisitednodes":{"value":7743,"limit":1000000},"postexpandincludesize":{"value":302144,"limit":2097152},"templateargumentsize":{"value":14133,"limit":2097152},"expansiondepth":{"value":17,"limit":100},"expensivefunctioncount":{"value":9,"limit":500},"unstrip-depth":{"value":1,"limit":20},"unstrip-size":{"value":397976,"limit":5000000},"entityaccesscount":{"value":0,"limit":400},"timingprofile":["100.00% 923.190 1 -total"," 59.20% 546.504 1 Template:Reflist"," 28.53% 263.423 59 Template:Cite_web"," 13.93% 128.630 39 Template:Cite_news"," 10.87% 100.313 1 Template:Short_description"," 8.65% 79.885 1 Template:Campaignbox_PKK–Turkey_conflict"," 8.25% 76.148 10 Template:Fix"," 8.01% 73.985 1 Template:Campaignbox"," 7.84% 72.373 7 Template:Citation_needed"," 5.25% 48.422 18 Template:Main_other"]},"scribunto":{"limitreport-timeusage":{"value":"0.527","limit":"10.000"},"limitreport-memusage":{"value":7364235,"limit":52428800}},"cachereport":{"origin":"mw-web.eqiad.main-bc58557c4-jcclf","timestamp":"20250204102111","ttl":2592000,"transientcontent":false}}});});</script> <script type="application/ld+json">{"@context":"https:\/\/schema.org","@type":"Article","name":"Timeline of the Kurdistan Workers' Party insurgency (1978\u20132015)","url":"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Timeline_of_the_Kurdistan_Workers%27_Party_insurgency_(1978%E2%80%932015)","sameAs":"http:\/\/www.wikidata.org\/entity\/Q12811307","mainEntity":"http:\/\/www.wikidata.org\/entity\/Q12811307","author":{"@type":"Organization","name":"Contributors to Wikimedia projects"},"publisher":{"@type":"Organization","name":"Wikimedia Foundation, Inc.","logo":{"@type":"ImageObject","url":"https:\/\/www.wikimedia.org\/static\/images\/wmf-hor-googpub.png"}},"datePublished":"2009-09-04T21:49:29Z","dateModified":"2025-01-26T14:49:47Z","image":"https:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/4\/44\/Pkk_supporters_london_april_2003.jpg"}</script> </body> </html>