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Siti Khuzaimah</title> <meta name="description" content="Search results for: A. S. Siti Khuzaimah"> <meta name="keywords" content="A. S. Siti Khuzaimah"> <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1, minimum-scale=1, maximum-scale=1, user-scalable=no"> <meta charset="utf-8"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/favicon.ico" type="image/x-icon" rel="shortcut icon"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/static/plugins/bootstrap-4.2.1/css/bootstrap.min.css" rel="stylesheet"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/static/plugins/fontawesome/css/all.min.css" rel="stylesheet"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/static/css/site.css?v=150220211555" rel="stylesheet"> </head> <body> <header> <div class="container"> <nav class="navbar navbar-expand-lg navbar-light"> <a class="navbar-brand" href="https://waset.org"> <img src="https://cdn.waset.org/static/images/wasetc.png" alt="Open Science Research Excellence" title="Open Science Research Excellence" /> </a> <button class="d-block d-lg-none navbar-toggler ml-auto" type="button" data-toggle="collapse" data-target="#navbarMenu" aria-controls="navbarMenu" aria-expanded="false" aria-label="Toggle navigation"> <span class="navbar-toggler-icon"></span> </button> <div class="w-100"> <div class="d-none d-lg-flex flex-row-reverse"> <form method="get" action="https://waset.org/search" class="form-inline my-2 my-lg-0"> <input class="form-control mr-sm-2" type="search" placeholder="Search Conferences" value="A. 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S. Siti Khuzaimah"> <input type="submit" class="btn_search" value="Search"> </div> </div> </form> </div> </div> <div class="row mt-3"> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Commenced</strong> in January 2007</div> </div> </div> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Frequency:</strong> Monthly</div> </div> </div> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Edition:</strong> International</div> </div> </div> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Paper Count:</strong> 171</div> </div> </div> </div> <h1 class="mt-3 mb-3 text-center" style="font-size:1.6rem;">Search results for: A. S. Siti Khuzaimah</h1> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">171</span> Land Use Sensitivity Map for the Extreme Flood Events in the Kelantan River Basin</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Nader%20Saadatkhah">Nader Saadatkhah</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Jafar%20Rahnamarad"> Jafar Rahnamarad</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Shattri%20Mansor"> Shattri Mansor</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Zailani%20Khuzaimah"> Zailani Khuzaimah</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Arnis%20Asmat"> Arnis Asmat</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Nor%20Aizam%20Adnan"> Nor Aizam Adnan</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Siti%20Noradzah%20Adam"> Siti Noradzah Adam</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Kelantan river basin as a flood prone area at the east coast of the peninsular Malaysia has suffered several flood and mudflow events in the recent years. The current research attempted to assess the land cover changes impact in the Kelantan river basin focused on the runoff contributions from different land cover classes and the potential impact of land cover changes on runoff generation. In this regards, the hydrological regional modeling of rainfall induced runoff event as the improved transient rainfall infiltration and grid based regional model (Improved-TRIGRS) was employed to compute rate of infiltration, and subsequently changes in the discharge volume in this study. The effects of land use changes on peak flow and runoff volume was investigated using storm rainfall events during the last three decades. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=improved-TRIGRS%20model" title="improved-TRIGRS model">improved-TRIGRS model</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=land%20cover%20changes" title=" land cover changes"> land cover changes</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Kelantan%20river%20basin" title=" Kelantan river basin"> Kelantan river basin</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=flood%20event" title=" flood event"> flood event</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/64368/land-use-sensitivity-map-for-the-extreme-flood-events-in-the-kelantan-river-basin" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/64368.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">412</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">170</span> Hydraulic Performance of Urban Drainage System Using SWMM: A Case Study of Siti Khadijah Retention Pond in Palembang City</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Muhammad%20B.%20Al%20Amin">Muhammad B. Al Amin</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Nyimas%20S.%20Rika"> Nyimas S. Rika</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Dwi%20F.%20Yanto"> Dwi F. Yanto</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Marcelina"> Marcelina</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Siti Khadijah retention pond is located beside of Siti Khadijah Islamic Hospital on Demang Lebar Daun Street in Palembang City. This retention pond is functioned as storage for runoff from drainage channels in the surrounding area before entering Sekanak River, which is one of Musi River tributaries. However, in recent years, the developments in the surrounding area into paved area trigger to increase runoff discharge that causes the pond can no longer store it adequately. This study aimed to investigate the hydraulic performance of drainage system in the area around Siti Khadijah retention pond. A SWMM model was used to simulate runoff discharge into the pond and out from the pond, so the water level fluctuation within the pond and its capacity could be determined. Besides that, the water depth within drainage channels was simulated as well. The results showed that capacity of retention pond and some drainage channels already inadequate, so the area around it potentially to be flooded. Thus, it is necessary to increase the capacity of the retention pond and drainage channels. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=flood" title="flood">flood</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=retention%20pond" title=" retention pond"> retention pond</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=SWMM" title=" SWMM"> SWMM</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=urban%20drainage%20system" title=" urban drainage system"> urban drainage system</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/36591/hydraulic-performance-of-urban-drainage-system-using-swmm-a-case-study-of-siti-khadijah-retention-pond-in-palembang-city" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/36591.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">446</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">169</span> Whole School Environmental Mapping Framework in Preventing Childhood Obesity in Selangor </h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=M.%20A.%20M.%20Hayati%20Adilin">M. A. M. Hayati Adilin</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=D.%20Ajau"> D. Ajau</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=A.%20S.%20Siti%20Khuzaimah"> A. S. Siti Khuzaimah</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=K.%20Mastura"> K. Mastura</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=R.%20Nik%20Muhammad%20Syafiq"> R. Nik Muhammad Syafiq</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=M.%20N.%20Noor%20Fatin%20Nadiah"> M. N. Noor Fatin Nadiah</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The school environment is one of many factors related to the increment of overweight and obesity among children. There is an evidence to suggest that the school environmental factor has an independent effect towards health-related behaviour of children and school culture. It may have a significant impact towards the emergence of childhood obesity through their influence on eating pattern and physical activity level. The objective of this study is to identify the school environmental factors (i.e. physical, economic, political and socio-cultural) towards healthy eating and physical activity of urban and rural primary school children in preventing childhood obesity. This can be identified by examining the compliance of rural and urban school environment with whole-school environmental mapping framework. The study design was a cross-sectional study. A total of 60 schools were randomly selected (30 urban and 30 rural) in Selangor, Western Peninsular Malaysia in 2013 and 60 teachers (responsible for student affairs and the school curriculum) have been interviewed face to face by using a whole school mapping questionnaire followed by observation of the school environment . This study has demonstrated that schools in both areas (rural and urban) comply mostly with the physical environmental mapping (83.3%), followed by socio-cultural environmental mapping, 65%. Meanwhile, the political environmental mappings in both urban and rural schools show a low compliance percentage, which is 56.7%. For economic environmental mapping, only 10% of both schools are complied. As a conclusion, this study has demonstrated that schools in both areas do not fully comply with the whole school environmental mapping framework, especially economic and political. However, holistic approach is needed and many improvements can be proposed to promote healthy eating and physical activities among school children. Government, families and schools as well as communities and the media should be included together with any strategies for preventing childhood obesity. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=childhood%20obesity" title="childhood obesity">childhood obesity</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=healthy%20eating" title=" healthy eating"> healthy eating</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=physical%20activity" title=" physical activity"> physical activity</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=school%20environment" title=" school environment "> school environment </a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/17248/whole-school-environmental-mapping-framework-in-preventing-childhood-obesity-in-selangor" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/17248.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">511</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">168</span> The Student Care: The Influence of Family’s Attention toward the Student of Junior High Schools in Physics Learning Achievements </h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Siti%20Rossidatul%20Munawaroh">Siti Rossidatul Munawaroh</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Siti%20Khusnul%20Khowatim"> Siti Khusnul Khowatim</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> This study is determined to find how is the influence of family attention of students in provides guidance of the student learning. The increasing of student’s learning motivation can be increased made up in various ways, one of them are through students social guidance in their relation with the family. The family not only provides the matter and the learning time but also be supervise for the learning time and guide his children to overcome a learning disability. The character of physics subject in their science experiences at junior high schools has demanded that student’s ability is to think symbolically and understand something in a meaningful manner. Therefore, the reinforcement of the physics learning motivation is clearly necessary not only by the school are related, but the family environment and the society. As for the role of family which includes maintenance, parenting, coaching, and educating both of physically and spiritually, this way is expected to give spirit impulsion in studying physics subject in order to increase student learning achievements. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=physics%20subject" title="physics subject">physics subject</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=the%20influence%20of%20family%20attention" title=" the influence of family attention"> the influence of family attention</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=learning%20motivation" title=" learning motivation"> learning motivation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=the%20Student%20care" title=" the Student care"> the Student care</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/39582/the-student-care-the-influence-of-familys-attention-toward-the-student-of-junior-high-schools-in-physics-learning-achievements" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/39582.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">430</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">167</span> Visual Text Analytics Technologies for Real-Time Big Data: Chronological Evolution and Issues</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Siti%20Azrina%20B.%20A.%20Aziz">Siti Azrina B. A. Aziz</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Siti%20Hafizah%20A.%20Hamid"> Siti Hafizah A. Hamid</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> New approaches to analyze and visualize data stream in real-time basis is important in making a prompt decision by the decision maker. Financial market trading and surveillance, large-scale emergency response and crowd control are some example scenarios that require real-time analytic and data visualization. This situation has led to the development of techniques and tools that support humans in analyzing the source data. With the emergence of Big Data and social media, new techniques and tools are required in order to process the streaming data. Today, ranges of tools which implement some of these functionalities are available. In this paper, we present chronological evolution evaluation of technologies for supporting of real-time analytic and visualization of the data stream. Based on the past research papers published from 2002 to 2014, we gathered the general information, main techniques, challenges and open issues. The techniques for streaming text visualization are identified based on Text Visualization Browser in chronological order. This paper aims to review the evolution of streaming text visualization techniques and tools, as well as to discuss the problems and challenges for each of identified tools. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=information%20visualization" title="information visualization">information visualization</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=visual%20analytics" title=" visual analytics"> visual analytics</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=text%20mining" title=" text mining"> text mining</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=visual%20text%20analytics%20tools" title=" visual text analytics tools"> visual text analytics tools</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=big%20data%20visualization" title=" big data visualization"> big data visualization</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/36745/visual-text-analytics-technologies-for-real-time-big-data-chronological-evolution-and-issues" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/36745.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">399</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">166</span> Modelling the Effect of Physical Environment Factors on Child Pedestrian Severity Collisions in Malaysia: A Multinomial Logistic Regression Analysis</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Muhamad%20N.%20Borhan">Muhamad N. Borhan</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Nur%20S.%20Darus"> Nur S. Darus</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Siti%20Z.%20Ishak"> Siti Z. Ishak</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Rozmi%20Ismail"> Rozmi Ismail</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Siti%20F.%20M.%20Razali"> Siti F. M. Razali</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Children are at the greater risk to be involved in road traffic collisions due to the complex interaction of various elements in our transportation system. It encompasses interactions between the elements of children and driver behavior along with physical and social environment factors. The present study examined the effect between the collisions severity and physical environment factors on child pedestrian collisions. The severity of collisions is categorized into four injury outcomes: fatal, serious injury, slight injury, and damage. The sample size comprised of 2487 cases of child pedestrian-vehicle collisions in which children aged 7 to 12 years old was involved in Malaysia for the years 2006-2015. A multinomial logistic regression was applied to establish the effect between severity levels and physical environment factors. The results showed that eight contributing factors influence the probability of an injury road surface material, traffic system, road marking, control type, lighting condition, type of location, land use and road surface condition. Understanding the effect of physical environment factors may contribute to the improvement of physical environment design and decrease the collision involvement. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=child%20pedestrian" title="child pedestrian">child pedestrian</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=collisions" title=" collisions"> collisions</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=primary%20school" title=" primary school"> primary school</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=road%20injuries" title=" road injuries"> road injuries</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/98329/modelling-the-effect-of-physical-environment-factors-on-child-pedestrian-severity-collisions-in-malaysia-a-multinomial-logistic-regression-analysis" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/98329.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">164</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">165</span> Quality Evaluation of Treated Ballast Seawater for Potential Reuse</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Siti%20Nur%20Muhamad">Siti Nur Muhamad</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mohamad%20Abu%20Ubaidah%20Amir"> Mohamad Abu Ubaidah Amir</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Adenen%20Shuhada%20Abdul%20Aziz"> Adenen Shuhada Abdul Aziz</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Siti%20Sarah%20Mohd%20Isnan"> Siti Sarah Mohd Isnan</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ainul%20Husna%20Abdul%20Rahman"> Ainul Husna Abdul Rahman</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Nur%20Afiqah%20Rosly"> Nur Afiqah Rosly</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Roshamida%20Abd%20Jamil"> Roshamida Abd Jamil</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The International Convention for the Control and Management of Ships’ Ballast Water and Sediments (BWM Convention) will commencing on 8 September 2017 after ratified by 51 States in September 2016. However, there is no value recovered for the treated ballast water as it simply discharged during de-ballasting. In order to evaluate value creation of treated ballast water, three seawater applications which are seawater toilet flushing, cooling tower and desalination was studied and compared with treated ballast seawater. An exploratory study was conducted in Singapore as a case study as this country is facing water scarcity issues and a busy port in the world which received more than 28 billion m3 of ballast water in 2015. Surprisingly the treatment technology between seawater toilet flushing and ballast water management has similarity as both applications use screening and disinfection process and quality standard and analysis between treated ballast water with seawater applications found that seawater toilet flushing have the same quality parameter with treated ballast water. Thus, the treated ballast water can replace the raw seawater for seawater desalination. As such, with reduction of cost for screen unit, desalination water can exceed water production by NEWater in Singapore as the cost can recover the energy needed for desalination. It can conclude that treated ballast water has high recovery value and can be reused in seawater application. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=ballast%20water%20treatment" title="ballast water treatment">ballast water treatment</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=desalination" title=" desalination"> desalination</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=BWM%20convention" title=" BWM convention"> BWM convention</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=ballast%20water%20management" title=" ballast water management"> ballast water management</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/64168/quality-evaluation-of-treated-ballast-seawater-for-potential-reuse" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/64168.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">378</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">164</span> Cadaver Free Fatty Acid Distribution Associated with Burial in Mangrove and Oil Palm Plantation Soils under Tropical Climate</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Siti%20Sofo%20Ismail">Siti Sofo Ismail</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Siti%20Noraina%20Wahida%20Mohd%20Alwi"> Siti Noraina Wahida Mohd Alwi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mohamad%20Hafiz%20Ameran"> Mohamad Hafiz Ameran</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Masrudin%20M.%20Yusoff"> Masrudin M. Yusoff</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Locating clandestine cadaver is crucially important in forensic investigations. However, it requires a lot of man power, costly and time consuming. Therefore, the development of a new method to locate the clandestine graves is urgently needed as the cases involve burial of cadaver in different types of soils under tropical climates are still not well explored. This study focused on the burial in mangrove and oil palm plantation soils, comparing the fatty acid distributions in different soil acidities. A stimulated burial experiment was conducted using domestic pig (Sus scrofa) to substitute human tissues. Approximately 20g of pig fatty flesh was allowed to decompose in mangrove and oil palm plantation soils, mimicking burial in a shallow grave. The associated soils were collected at different designated sampling points, corresponding different decomposition stages. Modified Bligh-Dyer Extraction method was applied to extract the soil free fatty acids. Then, the obtained free fatty acids were analyzed with gas chromatography-flame ionization (GC-FID). A similar fatty acid distribution was observed for both mangrove and oil palm plantations soils. Palmitic acid (C₁₆) was the most abundance of free fatty acid, followed by stearic acid (C₁₈). However, the concentration of palmitic acid (C₁₆) higher in oil palm plantation compare to mangrove soils. Conclusion, the decomposition rate of cadaver can be affected by different type of soils. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=clandestine%20grave" title="clandestine grave">clandestine grave</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=burial" title=" burial"> burial</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=soils" title=" soils"> soils</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=free%20fatty%20acid" title=" free fatty acid"> free fatty acid</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/87338/cadaver-free-fatty-acid-distribution-associated-with-burial-in-mangrove-and-oil-palm-plantation-soils-under-tropical-climate" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/87338.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">399</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">163</span> Effect of Iron Fortification on the Antibacterial Activity of Synbiotic Fermented Milk</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Siti%20Helmyati">Siti Helmyati</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Euis%20Nurdiyawati"> Euis Nurdiyawati</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Joko%20Susilo"> Joko Susilo</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Endri%20Yuliati"> Endri Yuliati</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Siti%20Fadhilatun%20Nashriyah"> Siti Fadhilatun Nashriyah</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Kurnia%20Widyastuti"> Kurnia Widyastuti</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Background: Iron fortification is one of the most effective and sustainable strategies to overcome anemia. It contradictively, has negative effect on gut microbiota balance. Pathogenic bacteria required iron for their growth. The iron source have greatly affect iron absorption in the intestine. Probiotic can inhibit the growth of pathogen. Lactobacillus plantarum Dad 13, Indonesian local isolate provides many benefits for health while fructo-oligosaccharides (FOS) provides selective substrates for probiotics’ growth. Objective: To determine the effect of iron fortification (NaFeEDTA and FeSO4) on antibacterial activity of synbiotic fermented milk. Methods: The antibacterial activity test was performed using the disc diffusion method. Paper discs were soaked in three kinds of synbiotic fermented milk, which are: 1) fortified with NaFeEDTA, 2) FeSO4 and 3) control. Escherichia coli was inoculated on nutrient agar medium. The ability of inhibition was shown by the formation of clear zone around the paper disc and measured in diameter (mm). Results: Synbiotic fermented milk fortified with iron (either NaFeEDTA or FeSO4) had antibacterial activity against Escherichia coli with diameter of clear zone were 6.53 mm and 12.3 mm, respectively (p<0.05). Compared to control (10.73 mm), synbiotic fermented milk fortified with FeSO4 had similar antibacterial activity (p>0.05). Conclusions: In vitro, synbiotic fermented milk fortified with NaFeEDTA and FeSO4 had different antibacterial activity against Escherichia coli. Iron fortification compound affected the antibacterial activity of synbiotic fermented milk. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=lactobacillus%20plantarum%20Dad%2013" title="lactobacillus plantarum Dad 13">lactobacillus plantarum Dad 13</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=FOS" title=" FOS"> FOS</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=NaFeEDTA" title=" NaFeEDTA"> NaFeEDTA</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=FeSO4" title=" FeSO4"> FeSO4</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=antibacterial%20activity" title=" antibacterial activity"> antibacterial activity</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/17035/effect-of-iron-fortification-on-the-antibacterial-activity-of-synbiotic-fermented-milk" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/17035.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">554</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">162</span> Real-Time Loop-Mediated Isothermal Amplification Assay for Rapid Detection of Human Papillomavirus 16 in Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Suharni%20Mohamad%20Suharni%20Mohamad">Suharni Mohamad Suharni Mohamad</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Nurul%20Izzati%20Hamzan%20Nurul%20Izzati%20Hamzan"> Nurul Izzati Hamzan Nurul Izzati Hamzan</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Norhayu%20Abdul%20Rahman%20Norhayu%20Abdul%20Rahman"> Norhayu Abdul Rahman Norhayu Abdul Rahman</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Siti%20Suraiya%20Md%20Noor%20Siti%20Suraiya%20Md%20Noor"> Siti Suraiya Md Noor Siti Suraiya Md Noor</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Human papillomavirus (HPV) is an important risk factor for development of oral cancer. HPV16 is the most common type found in HPV-positive squamous cell carcinoma. In the present study, we established a real-time loop-mediated isothermal amplification (real-time LAMP) for detection of HPV16. A set of six primers was specially designed to recognize eight distinct sequences of HPV16-E6. Detection and quantification was achieved by real-time monitoring using a real-time turbidimeter based on threshold time required for turbidity in the LAMP reaction. LAMP reagents (MgSO4, dNTPs, Bst polymerase concentrations) and various incubation times and temperatures were optimized. The sensitivity was determined using 10-fold serial dilutions of HPV16 standard strain. The specificity of was evaluated using other HPV genotypes. The optimized method was established with specifically designed primers by real-time detection in approximately 30 min at 65°C. The limit of detection of HPV16 using the LAMP assay was 10 pg/ml that could be detected in 30 min. The LAMP assay was 10 times more sensitive than the conventional PCR in detecting HPV16. No cross-reactivity with other HPV genotypes was observed. This quantitative real-time LAMP assay may improve diagnostic potential for the detection and quantification of HPV16 in clinical samples and epidemiological studies due to its rapidity, simplicity, high sensitivity and specificity. This assay will be further evaluated with HPV DNAs of saliva from patients with oral squamous cell carcinoma. Acknowledgement: This study was financially supported by the ScienceFund Grant, Ministry of Science, Technology and Innovation (305/PPSG/6113219). <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Oral%20Squamous%20Cell%20Carcinoma%20%28OSCC%29" title="Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma (OSCC)">Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma (OSCC)</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Human%20Papillomavirus%2016%20%28HPV16%29" title=" Human Papillomavirus 16 (HPV16)"> Human Papillomavirus 16 (HPV16)</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Loop-Mediated%20Isothermal%20Amplification%20%28LAMP%29" title=" Loop-Mediated Isothermal Amplification (LAMP)"> Loop-Mediated Isothermal Amplification (LAMP)</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=rapid%20detection" title=" rapid detection"> rapid detection</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/55052/real-time-loop-mediated-isothermal-amplification-assay-for-rapid-detection-of-human-papillomavirus-16-in-oral-squamous-cell-carcinoma" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/55052.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">406</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">161</span> Teaching Health in an Online 3D Virtual Learning Environment</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Nik%20Siti%20Hanifah%20Nik%20Ahmad">Nik Siti Hanifah Nik Ahmad</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> This research discuss about teaching cupping therapy or hijama by using an online 3D Virtual Learning Environment. The experimental platform was using of flash and Second Life as 2D and 3D comparison. 81 samples have been used in three experiments with 21 in the first and 30 in each second and third. The design of the presentation was tested in five categories such as effectiveness, ease of use, efficacy, aesthetic and users’ satisfaction. The results from three experiments had shown promising outcome for usage of the technique to be implement in teaching Cupping Therapy as well as other alternative or conventional medicine knowledge especially for training. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=medical%20and%20health" title="medical and health">medical and health</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=cupping%20therapy%20or%20hijama" title=" cupping therapy or hijama"> cupping therapy or hijama</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=second%20life" title=" second life"> second life</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=online%203D%20VLE" title=" online 3D VLE"> online 3D VLE</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=virtual%20worlds" title=" virtual worlds"> virtual worlds</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/42280/teaching-health-in-an-online-3d-virtual-learning-environment" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/42280.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">421</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">160</span> Experimental Investigation on Noise from Rod-Airfoil with Leading Edge Serrations</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Siti%20Ruhliah%20Lizarose%20Samion">Siti Ruhliah Lizarose Samion</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mohamed%20Sukri%20Mat%20Ali"> Mohamed Sukri Mat Ali</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Con%20Doolan"> Con Doolan</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The present work is an experimental investigation of adapting a passive treatment leading edge serrations over a rod-airfoil flow-induced noise generation. The leading edge serrations are bio-inspired from a barn-owl silent flight. The rod-airfoil configuration is a benchmark configuration taken to investigate airfoil-turbulence interaction noise (ATIN). Location of serrations placed and the wideness of serrations are the two parameters taken in this study. The ATIN is reduced up to 3.5 dB for a wide leading serrations case. A correlation is found between the wideness of serrations and the noise reduction mechanism of the airfoil. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=aerodynamic%20noise" title="aerodynamic noise">aerodynamic noise</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=leading%20edge%20serrations" title=" leading edge serrations"> leading edge serrations</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=rod-airfoil" title=" rod-airfoil"> rod-airfoil</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=experiment" title=" experiment"> experiment</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/84951/experimental-investigation-on-noise-from-rod-airfoil-with-leading-edge-serrations" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/84951.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">353</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">159</span> Wreathed Hornbill (Rhyticeros undulatus) on Mount Ungaran: Are their Habitat Threatened?</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Margareta%20Rahayuningsih">Margareta Rahayuningsih</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Nugroho%20Edi%20K."> Nugroho Edi K.</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Siti%20Alimah"> Siti Alimah</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Wreathed Hornbill (Rhyticeros undulatus) is the one of hornbill species (Family: Bucerotidae) that found on Mount Ungaran. In the preservation or planning in situ conservation of Wreathed Hornbill require the habitat condition data. The objective of the research was to determine the land cover change on Mount Ungaran using satellite image data and GIS. Based on the land cover data on 1999-2009 the research showed that the primer forest on Mount Ungaran was decreased almost 50%, while the seconder forest, tea and coffee plantation, and the settlement were increased. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=GIS" title="GIS">GIS</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mount%20Ungaran" title=" Mount Ungaran"> Mount Ungaran</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=threatened%20habitat" title=" threatened habitat"> threatened habitat</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Wreathed%20Hornbill%20%28Rhyticeros%20undulatus%29" title=" Wreathed Hornbill (Rhyticeros undulatus) "> Wreathed Hornbill (Rhyticeros undulatus) </a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/27273/wreathed-hornbill-rhyticeros-undulatus-on-mount-ungaran-are-their-habitat-threatened" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/27273.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">360</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">158</span> Proposal of Design Method in the Semi-Acausal System Model</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Shigeyuki%20Haruyama">Shigeyuki Haruyama</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ken%20Kaminishi"> Ken Kaminishi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Junji%20Kaneko"> Junji Kaneko</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Tadayuki%20Kyoutani"> Tadayuki Kyoutani</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Siti%20Ruhana%20Omar"> Siti Ruhana Omar</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Oke%20Oktavianty"> Oke Oktavianty</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> This study is used as a definition method to the value and function in manufacturing sector. In concurrence of discussion about present condition of modeling method, until now definition of 1D-CAE is ambiguity and not conceptual. Across all the physics fields, those methods are defined with the formulation of differential algebraic equation which only applied time derivation and simulation. At the same time, we propose semi-acausal modeling concept and differential algebraic equation method as a newly modeling method which the efficiency has been verified through the comparison of numerical analysis result between the semi-acausal modeling calculation and FEM theory calculation. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=system%20model" title="system model">system model</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=physical%20models" title=" physical models"> physical models</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=empirical%20models" title=" empirical models"> empirical models</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=conservation%20law" title=" conservation law"> conservation law</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=differential%20algebraic%20equation" title=" differential algebraic equation"> differential algebraic equation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=object-oriented" title=" object-oriented"> object-oriented</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/24516/proposal-of-design-method-in-the-semi-acausal-system-model" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/24516.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">485</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">157</span> Isolation and Identification of Compounds from the Leaves of Actinodaphne sesquipedalis Hook. F. Var. Glabra (Lauraceae)</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=O.%20Hanita">O. Hanita</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=S.%20A.%20Ainnul%20Hamidah"> S. A. Ainnul Hamidah</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=A.%20H.%20Yang%20Zalila"> A. H. Yang Zalila</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=M.%20R.%20Siti%20Nadiah"> M. R. Siti Nadiah</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=M.%20H.%20Najihah"> M. H. Najihah</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=M.%20A.%20Hapipah"> M. A. Hapipah </a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The crude extract of the leaves of Actinodaphne sesquipedalis Hook. F. Var. Glabra (Kochummen), was taken under phytochemical investigation. The crude methanolic extract was partitioned with a different solvent system by increasing their polarities (n-hexane, dichloromethane, and methanol). The compounds were fractionated and isolated from n-hexane partition by using column chromatography with silica gel 60 or Sephadex LH-20 as a stationary phase and preparative thin layer chromatographic technique. Isolates were characterized using TLC, FTIR, UV spectrophotometer and NMR spectroscopy. The n-hexane fractionates yielded a total of four compounds namely N-methyllaurotetanine (1), dicentrine (2), β-sitosterol (3), and stigmasterol (4). The result indicates that the leaves of Actinodaphne sesquipedalis may provide a rich source of alkaloids and triterpenoids. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=actinodaphne%20sesquipedalis" title="actinodaphne sesquipedalis">actinodaphne sesquipedalis</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=alkaloids" title=" alkaloids"> alkaloids</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=phytochemical%20investigation" title=" phytochemical investigation"> phytochemical investigation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=triterpenoids" title=" triterpenoids"> triterpenoids</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/20389/isolation-and-identification-of-compounds-from-the-leaves-of-actinodaphne-sesquipedalis-hook-f-var-glabra-lauraceae" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/20389.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">396</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">156</span> Social Media Engagement in Academic Library to Advocate Participatory Service towards Dynamic Learning Community</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Siti%20Marlia%20Abd%20Rahim">Siti Marlia Abd Rahim</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mad%20Khir%20Johari%20Abdullah%20Sani"> Mad Khir Johari Abdullah Sani</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The ever-increasing use of social media applications by library users has raised concerns about the purpose and effectiveness of these platforms in academic libraries. While social media has the potential to revolutionize library services, its usage for non-educational purposes and security concerns have hindered its full potential. This paper aims to address the user behavioral factors affecting social media engagement in academic libraries and examine the impact of social media engagement on user participation. Additionally, it seeks to measure the effect of user participation in social media on the development of powerful learning communities. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=social%20media%20adoption" title="social media adoption">social media adoption</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=social%20media%20engagement" title=" social media engagement"> social media engagement</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=academic%20library" title=" academic library"> academic library</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=social%20media%20in%20academic%20library" title=" social media in academic library"> social media in academic library</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=learning%20community" title=" learning community"> learning community</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/170952/social-media-engagement-in-academic-library-to-advocate-participatory-service-towards-dynamic-learning-community" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/170952.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">116</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">155</span> Non-Destructive Prediction System Using near Infrared Spectroscopy for Crude Palm Oil</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Siti%20Nurhidayah%20Naqiah%20Abdull%20Rani">Siti Nurhidayah Naqiah Abdull Rani</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Herlina%20Abdul%20Rahim"> Herlina Abdul Rahim</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Near infrared (NIR) spectroscopy has always been of great interest in the food and agriculture industries. The development of predictive models has facilitated the estimation process in recent years. In this research, 176 crude palm oil (CPO) samples acquired from Felda Johor Bulker Sdn Bhd were studied. A FOSS NIRSystem was used to tak e absorbance measurements from the sample. The wavelength range for the spectral measurement is taken at 1600nm to 1900nm. Partial Least Square Regression (PLSR) prediction model with 50 optimal number of principal components was implemented to study the relationship between the measured Free Fatty Acid (FFA) values and the measured spectral absorption. PLSR showed predictive ability of FFA values with correlative coefficient (R) of 0.9808 for the training set and 0.9684 for the testing set. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=palm%20oil" title="palm oil">palm oil</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=fatty%20acid" title=" fatty acid"> fatty acid</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=NIRS" title=" NIRS"> NIRS</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=PLSR" title=" PLSR"> PLSR</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/79918/non-destructive-prediction-system-using-near-infrared-spectroscopy-for-crude-palm-oil" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/79918.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">209</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">154</span> Free Fatty Acid Assessment of Crude Palm Oil Using a Non-Destructive Approach</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Siti%20Nurhidayah%20Naqiah%20Abdull%20Rani">Siti Nurhidayah Naqiah Abdull Rani</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Herlina%20Abdul%20Rahim"> Herlina Abdul Rahim</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Rashidah%20Ghazali"> Rashidah Ghazali</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Noramli%20Abdul%20Razak"> Noramli Abdul Razak</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Near infrared (NIR) spectroscopy has always been of great interest in the food and agriculture industries. The development of prediction models has facilitated the estimation process in recent years. In this study, 110 crude palm oil (CPO) samples were used to build a free fatty acid (FFA) prediction model. 60% of the collected data were used for training purposes and the remaining 40% used for testing. The visible peaks on the NIR spectrum were at 1725 nm and 1760 nm, indicating the existence of the first overtone of C-H bands. Principal component regression (PCR) was applied to the data in order to build this mathematical prediction model. The optimal number of principal components was 10. The results showed R2=0.7147 for the training set and R2=0.6404 for the testing set. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=palm%20oil" title="palm oil">palm oil</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=fatty%20acid" title=" fatty acid"> fatty acid</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=NIRS" title=" NIRS"> NIRS</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=regression" title=" regression"> regression</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/13718/free-fatty-acid-assessment-of-crude-palm-oil-using-a-non-destructive-approach" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/13718.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">506</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">153</span> The Effectiveness of Bismuth Addition to Retard the Intermetallic Compound Formation</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=I.%20Siti%20Rabiatull%20Aisha">I. Siti Rabiatull Aisha</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=A.%20Ourdjini"> A. Ourdjini</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=O.%20Saliza%20Azlina"> O. Saliza Azlina</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The aim of this paper is to study the effectiveness of bismuth addition in the solder alloy to retard the intermetallic compound formation and growth. In this study, three categories of solders such as Sn-4Ag-<em>x</em>Cu (<em>x</em> = 0.5, 0.7, 1.0) and Sn-4Ag-0.5Cu-<em>x</em>Bi (<em>x</em> = 0.1, 0.2, 0.4) were used. Ni/Au surface finish substrates were dipped into the molten solder at a temperature of 180-190 <sup>o</sup>C and allowed to cool at room temperature. The intermetallic compound (IMCs) were subjected to the characterization in terms of composition and morphology. The IMC phases were identified by energy dispersive x-ray (EDX), whereas the optical microscope and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) were used to observe microstructure evolution of the solder joint. The results clearly showed that copper concentration dependency was high during the reflow stage. Besides, only Ni<sub>3</sub>Sn<sub>4</sub> and Ni<sub>3</sub>Sn<sub>2</sub> were detected for all copper concentrations. The addition of Bi was found to have no significant effect on the type of IMCs formed, but yet the grain became further refined. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Bismuth%20addition" title="Bismuth addition">Bismuth addition</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=intermetallic%20compound" title=" intermetallic compound"> intermetallic compound</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=composition" title=" composition"> composition</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=morphology" title=" morphology"> morphology</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/46079/the-effectiveness-of-bismuth-addition-to-retard-the-intermetallic-compound-formation" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/46079.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">303</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">152</span> Development of Extended Trapezoidal Method for Numerical Solution of Volterra Integro-Differential Equations</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Fuziyah%20Ishak">Fuziyah Ishak</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Siti%20Norazura%20Ahmad"> Siti Norazura Ahmad</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Volterra integro-differential equations appear in many models for real life phenomena. Since analytical solutions for this type of differential equations are hard and at times impossible to attain, engineers and scientists resort to numerical solutions that can be made as accurately as possible. Conventionally, numerical methods for ordinary differential equations are adapted to solve Volterra integro-differential equations. In this paper, numerical solution for solving Volterra integro-differential equation using extended trapezoidal method is described. Formulae for the integral and differential parts of the equation are presented. Numerical results show that the extended method is suitable for solving first order Volterra integro-differential equations. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=accuracy" title="accuracy">accuracy</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=extended%20trapezoidal%20method" title=" extended trapezoidal method"> extended trapezoidal method</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=numerical%20solution" title=" numerical solution"> numerical solution</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Volterra%20integro-differential%20equations" title=" Volterra integro-differential equations"> Volterra integro-differential equations</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/52856/development-of-extended-trapezoidal-method-for-numerical-solution-of-volterra-integro-differential-equations" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/52856.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">424</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">151</span> Aerodynamic Sound from a Sawtooth Plate with Different Thickness</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Siti%20Ruhliah%20Lizarose%20Samion">Siti Ruhliah Lizarose Samion</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mohamed%20Sukri%20Mat%20Ali"> Mohamed Sukri Mat Ali</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The effect of sawtooth plate thickness on the aerodynamic noise generated in flow at a Reynolds number of 150 is numerically investigated. Two types of plate thickness (hthick=0.2D and hthin=0.02D) are proposed. Flow simulations are carried out using Direct Numerical Simulation, whereas the calculation of aerodynamic noise radiated from the flow is solved using Curle’s equation. It is found that the flow behavior of thin sawtooth plate, consisting counter-rotating-vortices, is more complex than that of the thick plate. This then explains well the generated sound in both plates cases. Sound generated from thin plat is approximately 0.5 dB lower than the thick plate. Findings from current study provide better understanding of the flow and noise behavior in edge serrations via understanding the case of a sawtooth plate. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=aerodynamic%20sound" title="aerodynamic sound">aerodynamic sound</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=bluff%20body" title=" bluff body"> bluff body</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=sawtooth%20plate" title=" sawtooth plate"> sawtooth plate</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Curle%20analogy" title=" Curle analogy"> Curle analogy</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/62349/aerodynamic-sound-from-a-sawtooth-plate-with-different-thickness" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/62349.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">436</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">150</span> Production of Banana Milk Powder Using Spray and Freeze Dryer</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Siti%20Noor%20Suzila%20Maqsood-Ul-Haque">Siti Noor Suzila Maqsood-Ul-Haque</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ummi%20Kalthum%20Ibrahim"> Ummi Kalthum Ibrahim</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Norekanadirah%20Abdul%20Rahman"> Norekanadirah Abdul Rahman</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Banana are rich in vitamins, potassium and carbohydrate.The objective for this research work is to produce banana milk powder that can help children that suffers from constipation. Two types of the most common dryers used for this purpose are the spray and freeze dryer. The effects of the type of dryers, pump feed speed in the spray dryer and the ratio proportion of the banana milk powder were investigated in the study. The result indicate that increasing proportion ratio of the banana milk powder produce lower yield of the powder.From the result it is also concluded that speed 2 is more suitable in the production of the banana milk powder since the value of the moisture content is lower. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=freeze%20dryer" title="freeze dryer">freeze dryer</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=spray%20dryer" title=" spray dryer"> spray dryer</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=moisture%20content" title=" moisture content"> moisture content</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=dissolution" title=" dissolution"> dissolution</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=banana" title=" banana"> banana</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=milk" title=" milk"> milk</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/23240/production-of-banana-milk-powder-using-spray-and-freeze-dryer" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/23240.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">493</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">149</span> Uneven Development: Structural Changes and Income Outcomes across States in Malaysia</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Siti%20Aiysyah%20Tumin">Siti Aiysyah Tumin</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> This paper looks at the nature of structural changes—the transition of employment from agriculture, to manufacturing, then to different types of services—in different states in Malaysia and links it to income outcomes for households and workers. Specifically, this paper investigates the conditional association between the concentration of different economic activities and income outcomes (household incomes and employee wages) in almost four decades. Using publicly available state-level employment and income data, we found that significant wage premium was associated with “modern” services (finance, real estate, professional, information and communication), which are urban-based services sectors that employ a larger proportion of skilled and educated workers. However, employment in manufacturing and other services subsectors was significantly associated with a lower income dispersion and inequality, alluding to their importance in welfare improvements. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=employment" title="employment">employment</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=labor%20market" title=" labor market"> labor market</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=structural%20change" title=" structural change"> structural change</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=wage" title=" wage"> wage</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/124662/uneven-development-structural-changes-and-income-outcomes-across-states-in-malaysia" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/124662.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">169</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">148</span> Age-Based Interface Design for Children’s CAPT Systems</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Saratu%20Yusuf%20Ilu">Saratu Yusuf Ilu</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mumtaz%20B.%20Mustafa"> Mumtaz B. Mustafa</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Siti%20Salwah%20Salim"> Siti Salwah Salim</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mehdi%20Malekzadeh"> Mehdi Malekzadeh</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Children today use computer based application in various activities especially for learning and education. Many of these tools and application such as the Computer Aided Pronunciation Training (CAPT) system enable children to explore and experience them with little supervision from the adults. In order for these tools and application to have maximum effect on the children’s learning and education, it must be attractive to the children to use them. This could be achieved with the proper user interface (UI) design. As children grow, so do their ability, taste and preferences. They interact differently with these applications as they grow older. This study reviews several articles on how age factor influences the UI design. The review focuses on age related abilities such as cognitive, literacy, concentration and feedback requirement. We have also evaluated few of existing CAPT systems and determine the influence of age-based factors on the interface design. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=children" title="children">children</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=age-based%20interaction" title=" age-based interaction"> age-based interaction</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=learning%20application" title=" learning application"> learning application</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=age-based%20capability" title=" age-based capability"> age-based capability</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/13117/age-based-interface-design-for-childrens-capt-systems" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/13117.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">424</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">147</span> Design and Implementation of Active Radio Frequency Identification on Wireless Sensor Network-Based System</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Che%20Z.%20Zulkifli">Che Z. Zulkifli</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Nursyahida%20M.%20Noor"> Nursyahida M. Noor</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Siti%20N.%20Semunab"> Siti N. Semunab</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Shafawati%20A.%20Malek"> Shafawati A. Malek</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Wireless sensors, also known as wireless sensor nodes, have been making a significant impact on human daily life. The Radio Frequency Identification (RFID) and Wireless Sensor Network (WSN) are two complementary technologies; hence, an integrated implementation of these technologies expands the overall functionality in obtaining long-range and real-time information on the location and properties of objects and people. An approach for integrating ZigBee and RFID networks is proposed in this paper, to create an energy-efficient network improved by the benefits of combining ZigBee and RFID architecture. Furthermore, the compatibility and requirements of the ZigBee device and communication links in the typical RFID system which is presented with the real world experiment on the capabilities of the proposed RFID system. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=mesh%20network" title="mesh network">mesh network</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=RFID" title=" RFID"> RFID</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=wireless%20sensor%20network" title=" wireless sensor network"> wireless sensor network</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=zigbee" title=" zigbee"> zigbee</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/36916/design-and-implementation-of-active-radio-frequency-identification-on-wireless-sensor-network-based-system" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/36916.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">461</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">146</span> The Acoustic Features of Ulu Terengganu Malay Monophthongs</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Siti%20Nadiah%20Nuwawi">Siti Nadiah Nuwawi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Roshidah%20Hassan"> Roshidah Hassan</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Dialect is one of the language variants emerge due to certain factors. One of the distinctive dialects spoken by people in Malaysia is the one spoken by those who reside in the inland area of the East Peninsular Malaysia; Hulu Terengganu, which is known as Ulu Terengganu Malay dialect. This dialect is unique since it possesses ancient elements in its phonology elements, which makes it is hard to be understood by people who come from other states. There is dearth of acoustic studies of the dialect in which this paper aims to attain by describing the quality of the monophthongs found in the dialect instrumentally based on their first and second formant values. The hertz values are observed and recorded from the waveforms and spectrograms depicted in PRAAT version 6.0.43 software. The findings show that Ulu Terengganu Malay speakers produced ten monophthongs namely /ɛ/, /e/, /a/, /ɐ/, /ɞ/, /ɔ/, /i/, /o/, /ɵ/ and /ɘ/ which applauds a few monophthongs suggested by past researchers which were based on auditory impression namely /ɛ/, /e/, /a/, ɔ/, and /i/. It also discovers the other five monophthongs of the dialect which are unknown before namely /ɐ/, /ɞ/, /o/, /ɵ/ and /ɘ/. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=acoustic%20analysis" title="acoustic analysis">acoustic analysis</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=dialect" title=" dialect"> dialect</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=formant%20values" title=" formant values"> formant values</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=monophthongs" title=" monophthongs"> monophthongs</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ulu%20Terengganu%20Malay" title=" Ulu Terengganu Malay"> Ulu Terengganu Malay</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/111207/the-acoustic-features-of-ulu-terengganu-malay-monophthongs" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/111207.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">175</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">145</span> An Evaluation on the Methodology of Manufacturing High Performance Organophilic Clay at the Most Efficient and Cost Effective Process</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Siti%20Nur%20Izati%20Azmi">Siti Nur Izati Azmi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Zatil%20Afifah%20Omar"> Zatil Afifah Omar</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Kathi%20Swaran"> Kathi Swaran</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Navin%20Kumar"> Navin Kumar</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Organophilic Clays, also known as Organoclays, is used as a viscosifier in Oil based Drilling fluids. Most often, Organophilic clay are produced from modified Sodium and Calcium based Bentonite. Many studies and data show that Organophilic Clay using Hectorite based clays provide the best yield and good fluid loss properties in an oil-based drilling fluid at a higher cost. In terms of the manufacturing process, the two common methods of manufacturing organophilic clays are a Wet Process and a Dry Process. Wet process is known to produce better performance product at a higher cost while Dry Process shorten the production time. Hence, the purpose of this study is to evaluate the various formulation of an organophilic clay and its performance vs. the cost, as well as to determine the most efficient and cost-effective method of manufacturing organophilic clays. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=organophilic%20clay" title="organophilic clay">organophilic clay</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=viscosifier" title=" viscosifier"> viscosifier</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=wet%20process" title=" wet process"> wet process</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=dry%20process" title=" dry process"> dry process</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/139529/an-evaluation-on-the-methodology-of-manufacturing-high-performance-organophilic-clay-at-the-most-efficient-and-cost-effective-process" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/139529.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">226</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">144</span> Application of Hydrogen Peroxide and Polialuminum Chloride to Treat Palm Oil Mill Wastewater by Electrocoagulation</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=M.%20Nasrullah">M. Nasrullah</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Siti%20Norsita"> Siti Norsita</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Lakhveer%20Singh"> Lakhveer Singh</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=A.%20W.%20Zulrisam"> A. W. Zulrisam</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mimi%20Sakinah"> Mimi Sakinah</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The purposes of this study were to investigate the effects of polyaluminum chloride (PAC) and hydrogen peroxide on COD removal by electrocoagulation. The current density was varied between 30-80 mA cm−2, polyaluminum chloride (1-3 g L-1) as coagulant aid and 1 and 2 percent of hydrogen peroxide as an oxidizing agent. It has been shown that 86.67% of COD was removed by the iron electrode in 180 min while 81.11% of COD was removed by the aluminum electrode in 210 min which indicate that iron was more effective than aluminum. As much as 88.25% COD was removed by using 80 mA cm−2 as compared to 72.86% by using 30 mA cm−2 in 240 min. When PAC and H2O2 increased, the percent of COD removal was increasing as well. The highest removal efficiency of 95.08% was achieved by adding 2% of H2O2 in addition of 3 g L−1 PAC. The general results demonstrate that electrocoagulation is very efficient and able to achieve more than 70% COD removal in 180 min at current density 30-80 mAcm-2 depending on the concentration of H2O2 and coagulant aid. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=electrocaogulation" title="electrocaogulation">electrocaogulation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=palm%20oil%20mill%20effluent" title=" palm oil mill effluent"> palm oil mill effluent</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=hydrogen%20peroxide" title=" hydrogen peroxide"> hydrogen peroxide</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=polialuminum%20chloride" title=" polialuminum chloride"> polialuminum chloride</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=chemical%20oxygen%20demand" title=" chemical oxygen demand"> chemical oxygen demand</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/39820/application-of-hydrogen-peroxide-and-polialuminum-chloride-to-treat-palm-oil-mill-wastewater-by-electrocoagulation" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/39820.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">422</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">143</span> A Bibliometric Analysis of Research on E-learning in Physics Education: Trends, Patterns, and Future Directions</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Siti%20Nurjanah">Siti Nurjanah</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Supahar"> Supahar</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> E-learning has become an increasingly popular mode of instruction, particularly in the field of physics education, where it offers opportunities for interactive and engaging learning experiences. This research aims to analyze the trends of research that investigated e-learning in physics education. Data was extracted from Scopus's database using the keywords "physics" and "e-learning". Of the 380 articles obtained based on the search criteria, a trend analysis of the research was carried out with the help of RStudio using the biblioshiny package and VosViewer software. Analysis showed that publications on this topic have increased significantly from 2014 to 2021. The publication was dominated by researchers from the United States. The main journal that publishes articles on this topic is Proceedings Frontiers in Education Conference fie. The most widely cited articles generally focus on the effectiveness of Moodle for physics learning. Overall, this research provides an in-depth understanding of the trends and key findings of research related to e-learning in physics. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=bibliometric%20analysis" title="bibliometric analysis">bibliometric analysis</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=physics%20education" title=" physics education"> physics education</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=biblioshiny" title=" biblioshiny"> biblioshiny</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=E-learning" title=" E-learning"> E-learning</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/185853/a-bibliometric-analysis-of-research-on-e-learning-in-physics-education-trends-patterns-and-future-directions" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/185853.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">41</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">142</span> Facile, Cost Effective and Green Synthesis of Graphene in Alkaline Aqueous Solution</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Illyas%20Isa">Illyas Isa</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Siti%20Nur%20Akmar%20Mohd%20Yazid"> Siti Nur Akmar Mohd Yazid</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Norhayati%20Hashim"> Norhayati Hashim</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> We report a simple, green and cost effective synthesis of graphene via chemical reduction of graphene oxide in alkaline aqueous solution. Extensive characterizations have been studied to confirm the formation of graphene in sodium carbonate solution. Cyclic voltammetry was used to study the electrochemical properties of the prepared graphene-modified glassy carbon electrode using potassium ferricyanide as a redox probe. Based on the result, with the addition of graphene to the glassy carbon electrode the current flow increases and the peak also broadens as compared to graphite and graphene oxide. This method is fast, cost effective, and green as nontoxic solvents are used which will not result in contamination of the products. Thus, this method can serve for the preparation of graphene which can be effectively used in sensors, electronic devices and supercapacitors. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=chemical%20reduction" title="chemical reduction">chemical reduction</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=electrochemical" title=" electrochemical"> electrochemical</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=graphene" title=" graphene"> graphene</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=green%20synthesis" title=" green synthesis"> green synthesis</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/45193/facile-cost-effective-and-green-synthesis-of-graphene-in-alkaline-aqueous-solution" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/45193.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info 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