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model</title> <meta name="description" content="Search results for: evaluation model"> <meta name="keywords" content="evaluation model"> <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1, minimum-scale=1, maximum-scale=1, user-scalable=no"> <meta charset="utf-8"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/favicon.ico" type="image/x-icon" rel="shortcut icon"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/static/plugins/bootstrap-4.2.1/css/bootstrap.min.css" rel="stylesheet"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/static/plugins/fontawesome/css/all.min.css" rel="stylesheet"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/static/css/site.css?v=150220211555" rel="stylesheet"> </head> <body> <header> <div class="container"> <nav class="navbar navbar-expand-lg navbar-light"> <a class="navbar-brand" href="https://waset.org"> <img src="https://cdn.waset.org/static/images/wasetc.png" alt="Open Science Research Excellence" title="Open Science Research Excellence" /> </a> <button class="d-block d-lg-none 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action="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search"> <div id="custom-search-input"> <div class="input-group"> <i class="fas fa-search"></i> <input type="text" class="search-query" name="q" placeholder="Author, Title, Abstract, Keywords" value="evaluation model"> <input type="submit" class="btn_search" value="Search"> </div> </div> </form> </div> </div> <div class="row mt-3"> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Commenced</strong> in January 2007</div> </div> </div> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Frequency:</strong> Monthly</div> </div> </div> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Edition:</strong> International</div> </div> </div> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Paper Count:</strong> 21785</div> </div> </div> </div> <h1 class="mt-3 mb-3 text-center" style="font-size:1.6rem;">Search results for: evaluation model</h1> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">21785</span> Evaluation Model in the Branch of Virtual Education of “Universidad Manuela Beltrán” Bogotá-Colombia</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Javier%20L%C3%B3pez">Javier López</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> This Paper presents the evaluation model designed for the virtual education branch of The “Universidad Manuela Beltrán, Bogotá-Colombia”. This was the result of a research, developed as a case study, which had three stages: Document review, observation, and a perception survey for teachers. In the present model, the evaluation is a cross-cutting issue to the educational process. Therefore, it consists in a group of actions and guidelines which lead to analyze the student’s learning process from the admission, during the academic training, and to the graduation. This model contributes to the evaluation components which might interest other educational institutions or might offer methodological guidance to consolidate an own model <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=model" title="model">model</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=evaluation" title=" evaluation"> evaluation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=virtual%20education" title=" virtual education"> virtual education</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=learning%20process" title=" learning process"> learning process</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/13969/evaluation-model-in-the-branch-of-virtual-education-of-universidad-manuela-beltran-bogota-colombia" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/13969.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">450</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">21784</span> Model of Multi-Criteria Evaluation for Railway Lines</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Juraj%20Camaj">Juraj Camaj</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Martin%20Kendra"> Martin Kendra</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Jaroslav%20Masek"> Jaroslav Masek</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The paper is focused to the evaluation railway tracks in the Slovakia by using Multi-Criteria method. Evaluation of railway tracks has important impacts for the assessment of investment in technical equipment. Evaluation of railway tracks also has an important impact for the allocation of marshalling yards. Marshalling yards are in transport model as centers for the operation assigned catchment area. This model is one of the effective ways to meet the development strategy of the European Community's railways. By applying this model in practice, a transport company can guarantee a higher quality of service and then expect an increase in performance. The model is also applicable to other rail networks. This model supplements a theoretical problem of train formation problem of new ways of looking at evaluation of factors affecting the organization of wagon flows. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=railway%20track" title="railway track">railway track</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=multi-criteria%20methods" title=" multi-criteria methods"> multi-criteria methods</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=evaluation" title=" evaluation"> evaluation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=transportation%20model" title=" transportation model"> transportation model</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/40248/model-of-multi-criteria-evaluation-for-railway-lines" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/40248.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">469</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">21783</span> The Evaluation Model for the Quality of Software Based on Open Source Code</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Li%20Donghong">Li Donghong</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Peng%20Fuyang"> Peng Fuyang</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Yang%20Guanghua"> Yang Guanghua</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Su%20Xiaoyan"> Su Xiaoyan</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Using open source code is a popular method of software development. How to evaluate the quality of software becomes more important. This paper introduces an evaluation model. The model evaluates the quality from four dimensions: technology, production, management, and development. Each dimension includes many indicators. The weight of indicator can be modified according to the purpose of evaluation. The paper also introduces a method of using the model. The evaluating result can provide good advice for evaluating or purchasing the software. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=evaluation%20model" title="evaluation model">evaluation model</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=software%20quality" title=" software quality"> software quality</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=open%20source%20code" title=" open source code"> open source code</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=evaluation%20indicator" title=" evaluation indicator"> evaluation indicator</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/55793/the-evaluation-model-for-the-quality-of-software-based-on-open-source-code" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/55793.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">389</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">21782</span> A Strategic Partner Evaluation Model for the Project Based Enterprises</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Woosik%20Jang">Woosik Jang</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Seung%20H.%20Han"> Seung H. Han</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The optimal partner selection is one of the most important factors to pursue the project’s success. However, in practice, there is a gaps in perception of success depending on the role of the enterprises for the projects. This frequently makes a relations between the partner evaluation results and the project’s final performances, insufficiently. To meet this challenges, this study proposes a strategic partner evaluation model considering the perception gaps between enterprises. A total 3 times of survey was performed; factor selection, perception gap analysis, and case application. After then total 8 factors are extracted from independent sample t-test and Borich model to set-up the evaluation model. Finally, through the case applications, only 16 enterprises are re-evaluated to “Good” grade among the 22 “Good” grade from existing model. On the contrary, 12 enterprises are re-evaluated to “Good” grade among the 19 “Bad” grade from existing model. Consequently, the perception gaps based evaluation model is expected to improve the decision making quality and also enhance the probability of project’s success. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=partner%20evaluation%20model" title="partner evaluation model">partner evaluation model</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=project%20based%20enterprise" title=" project based enterprise"> project based enterprise</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=decision%20making" title=" decision making"> decision making</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=perception%20gap" title=" perception gap"> perception gap</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=project%20performance" title=" project performance"> project performance</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/83890/a-strategic-partner-evaluation-model-for-the-project-based-enterprises" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/83890.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">156</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">21781</span> Development of a Value Evaluation Model of Highway Box-Girder Bridge</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Hao%20Hsi%20Tseng">Hao Hsi Tseng</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Taiwan’s infrastructure is gradually deteriorating, while resources for maintenance and replacement are increasingly limited, raising the urgent need for methods for maintaining existing infrastructure within constrained budgets. Infrastructure value evaluation is used to enhance the efficiency of infrastructure maintenance work, allowing administrators to quickly assess the maintenance needs and performance by observing variation in infrastructure value. This research establishes a value evaluation model for Taiwan’s highway box girder bridges. The operating mechanism and process of the model are illustrated in a practical case. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=box%20girder%20bridge" title="box girder bridge">box girder bridge</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=deterioration" title=" deterioration"> deterioration</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=infrastructure" title=" infrastructure"> infrastructure</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=maintenance" title=" maintenance"> maintenance</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=value%20evaluation" title=" value evaluation"> value evaluation</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/81228/development-of-a-value-evaluation-model-of-highway-box-girder-bridge" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/81228.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">190</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">21780</span> An Online Mastery Learning Method Based on a Dynamic Formative Evaluation</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Jeongim%20Kang">Jeongim Kang</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Moon%20Hee%20Kim"> Moon Hee Kim</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Seong%20Baeg%20Kim"> Seong Baeg Kim</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> This paper proposes a novel e-learning model that is based on a dynamic formative evaluation. On evaluating the existing format of e-learning, conditions regarding repetitive learning to achieve mastery, causes issues for learners to lose tension and become neglectful of learning. The dynamic formative evaluation proposed is able to supplement limitation of the existing approaches. Since a repetitive learning method does not provide a perfect feedback, this paper puts an emphasis on the dynamic formative evaluation that is able to maximize learning achievement. Through the dynamic formative evaluation, the instructor is able to refer to the evaluation result when making estimation about the learner. To show the flow chart of learning, based on the dynamic formative evaluation, the model proves its effectiveness and validity. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=online%20learning" title="online learning">online learning</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=dynamic%20formative%20evaluation" title=" dynamic formative evaluation"> dynamic formative evaluation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=mastery%20learning" title=" mastery learning"> mastery learning</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=repetitive%20learning%20method" title=" repetitive learning method"> repetitive learning method</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=learning%20achievement" title=" learning achievement"> learning achievement</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/2483/an-online-mastery-learning-method-based-on-a-dynamic-formative-evaluation" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/2483.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">510</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">21779</span> Development of Non-Intrusive Speech Evaluation Measure Using S-Transform and Light-Gbm</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Tusar%20Kanti%20Dash">Tusar Kanti Dash</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ganapati%20Panda"> Ganapati Panda</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The evaluation of speech quality and intelligence is critical to the overall effectiveness of the Speech Enhancement Algorithms. Several intrusive and non-intrusive measures are employed to calculate these parameters. Non-Intrusive Evaluation is most challenging as, very often, the reference clean speech data is not available. In this paper, a novel non-intrusive speech evaluation measure is proposed using audio features derived from the Stockwell transform. These features are used with the Light Gradient Boosting Machine for the effective prediction of speech quality and intelligibility. The proposed model is analyzed using noisy and reverberant speech from four databases, and the results are compared with the standard Intrusive Evaluation Measures. It is observed from the comparative analysis that the proposed model is performing better than the standard Non-Intrusive models. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=non-Intrusive%20speech%20evaluation" title="non-Intrusive speech evaluation">non-Intrusive speech evaluation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=S-transform" title=" S-transform"> S-transform</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=light%20GBM" title=" light GBM"> light GBM</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=speech%20quality" title=" speech quality"> speech quality</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=and%20intelligibility" title=" and intelligibility"> and intelligibility</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/139626/development-of-non-intrusive-speech-evaluation-measure-using-s-transform-and-light-gbm" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/139626.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">259</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">21778</span> The Meta–Evaluation of Master Degree Theses in Science Program of Evaluation Methodology, Srinakharinwirot University</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Panwasn%20Mahalawalert">Panwasn Mahalawalert</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The objective of this study was to meta-evaluation of Master Degree theses in Science Program of Evaluation Methodology at Srinakharinwirot University, published during 2008-2011. This study was summative meta-evaluation that evaluated all theses of Master Degree in Science Program of Evaluation Methodology. Data were collected using the theses characteristics recording form and the evaluation meta-evaluation checklist. The collected data were analyzed by two parts: 1) Quantitative data were analyzed by descriptive statistics presented in frequency, percentages, mean, and standard deviation and 2) Qualitative data were analyzed by content analysis. The results of this study were found the theses characteristics was results revealed that most of theses were published in 2011. The largest group of theses researcher were female and were from the government office. The evaluation model of all theses were Decision-Oriented Evaluation Model. The objective of all theses were evaluate the project or curriculum. The most sampling technique were used the multistage random sampling technique. The most tool were used to gathering the data were questionnaires. All of the theses were analysed by descriptive statistics. The meta-evaluation results revealed that most of theses had fair on Utility Standards and Feasibility Standards, good on Propriety Standards and Accuracy Standards. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=meta-evaluation" title="meta-evaluation">meta-evaluation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=evaluation" title=" evaluation"> evaluation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=master%20degree%20theses" title=" master degree theses"> master degree theses</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Srinakharinwirot%20University" title=" Srinakharinwirot University"> Srinakharinwirot University</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/29561/the-meta-evaluation-of-master-degree-theses-in-science-program-of-evaluation-methodology-srinakharinwirot-university" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/29561.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">536</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">21777</span> Health Percentage Evaluation for Satellite Electrical Power System Based on Linear Stresses Accumulation Damage Theory</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Lin%20Wenli">Lin Wenli</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Fu%20Linchun"> Fu Linchun</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Zhang%20Yi"> Zhang Yi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Wu%20Ming"> Wu Ming</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> To meet the demands of long-life and high-intelligence for satellites, the electrical power system should be provided with self-health condition evaluation capability. Any over-stress events in operations should be recorded. Based on Linear stresses accumulation damage theory, accumulative damage analysis was performed on thermal-mechanical-electrical united stresses for three components including the solar array, the batteries and the power conditioning unit. Then an overall health percentage evaluation model for satellite electrical power system was built. To obtain the accurate quantity for system health percentage, an automatic feedback closed-loop correction method for all coefficients in the evaluation model was present. The evaluation outputs could be referred as taking earlier fault-forecast and interventions for Ground Control Center or Satellites self. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=satellite%20electrical%20power%20system" title="satellite electrical power system">satellite electrical power system</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=health%20percentage" title=" health percentage"> health percentage</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=linear%20stresses%20accumulation%20damage" title=" linear stresses accumulation damage"> linear stresses accumulation damage</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=evaluation%20model" title=" evaluation model"> evaluation model</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/41050/health-percentage-evaluation-for-satellite-electrical-power-system-based-on-linear-stresses-accumulation-damage-theory" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/41050.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">411</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">21776</span> Model of Monitoring and Evaluation of Student’s Learning Achievement: Application of Value-Added Assessment</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Jatuphum%20Ketchatturat">Jatuphum Ketchatturat</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Value-added assessment has been used for developing the model of monitoring and evaluation of student's learning achievement. The steps of model development consist of 1) study and analyisis of the school and the district report system of student achievement and progress, 2) collecting the data of student achievement to develop the value added indicator, 3) developing the system of value-added assessment by participatory action research approach, 4) putting the system of value-added assessment into the educational district of secondary school, 5) determining the quality of the developed system of value-added assessment. The components of the developed model consist of 1) the database of value-added assessment of student's learning achievement, 2) the process of monitoring and evaluation the student's learning achievement, and 3) the reporting system of value-added assessment of student's learning achievement. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=learning%20achievement" title="learning achievement">learning achievement</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=monitoring%20and%20evaluation" title=" monitoring and evaluation"> monitoring and evaluation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=value-added%20assessment" title=" value-added assessment"> value-added assessment</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/12155/model-of-monitoring-and-evaluation-of-students-learning-achievement-application-of-value-added-assessment" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/12155.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">423</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">21775</span> An Output Oriented Super-Efficiency Model for Considering Time Lag Effect</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Yanshuang%20Zhang">Yanshuang Zhang</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Byungho%20Jeong"> Byungho Jeong</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> There exists some time lag between the consumption of inputs and the production of outputs. This time lag effect should be considered in calculating efficiency of decision making units (DMU). Recently, a couple of DEA models were developed for considering time lag effect in efficiency evaluation of research activities. However, these models can’t discriminate efficient DMUs because of the nature of basic DEA model in which efficiency scores are limited to ‘1’. This problem can be resolved a super-efficiency model. However, a super efficiency model sometimes causes infeasibility problem. This paper suggests an output oriented super-efficiency model for efficiency evaluation under the consideration of time lag effect. A case example using a long term research project is given to compare the suggested model with the MpO model <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=DEA" title="DEA">DEA</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Super-efficiency" title=" Super-efficiency"> Super-efficiency</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Time%20Lag" title=" Time Lag"> Time Lag</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=research%20activities" title=" research activities"> research activities</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/21208/an-output-oriented-super-efficiency-model-for-considering-time-lag-effect" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/21208.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">657</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">21774</span> Using LMS as an E-Learning Platform in Higher Education</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mohammed%20Alhawiti">Mohammed Alhawiti</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Assessment of Learning Management Systems has been of less importance than its due share. This paper investigates the evaluation of learning management systems (LMS) within educational setting as both an online learning system as well as a helpful tool for multidisciplinary learning environment. This study suggests a theoretical e-learning evaluation model, studying a multi-dimensional methods for evaluation through LMS system, service and content quality, learner`s perspective and attitudes of the instructor. A survey was conducted among 105 e-learners. The sample consisted of students at both undergraduate and master’s levels. Content validity, reliability were tested through the instrument, Findings suggested the suitability of the proposed model in evaluation for the satisfaction of learners through LMS. The results of this study would be valuable for both instructors and users of e-learning systems. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=e-learning" title="e-learning">e-learning</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=LMS" title=" LMS"> LMS</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=higher%20education" title=" higher education"> higher education</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=management%20systems" title=" management systems"> management systems</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/26447/using-lms-as-an-e-learning-platform-in-higher-education" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/26447.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">405</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">21773</span> Experimental Evaluation of UDP in Wireless LAN</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Omar%20Imhemed%20Alramli">Omar Imhemed Alramli</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> As Transmission Control Protocol (TCP), User Datagram Protocol (UDP) is transfer protocol in the transportation layer in Open Systems Interconnection model (OSI model) or in TCP/IP model of networks. The UDP aspects evaluation were not recognized by using the pcattcp tool on the windows operating system platform like TCP. The study has been carried out to find a tool which supports UDP aspects evolution. After the information collection about different tools, iperf tool was chosen and implemented on Cygwin tool which is installed on both Windows XP platform and also on Windows XP on virtual box machine on one computer only. Iperf is used to make experimental evaluation of UDP and to see what will happen during the sending the packets between the Host and Guest in wired and wireless networks. Many test scenarios have been done and the major UDP aspects such as jitter, packet losses, and throughput are evaluated. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=TCP" title="TCP">TCP</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=UDP" title=" UDP"> UDP</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=IPERF" title=" IPERF"> IPERF</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=wireless%20LAN" title=" wireless LAN"> wireless LAN</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/16869/experimental-evaluation-of-udp-in-wireless-lan" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/16869.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">354</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">21772</span> A Practical and Efficient Evaluation Function for 3D Model Based Vehicle Matching</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Yuan%20Zheng">Yuan Zheng</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> 3D model-based vehicle matching provides a new way for vehicle recognition, localization and tracking. Its key is to construct an evaluation function, also called fitness function, to measure the degree of vehicle matching. The existing fitness functions often poorly perform when the clutter and occlusion exist in traffic scenarios. In this paper, we present a practical and efficient fitness function. Unlike the existing evaluation functions, the proposed fitness function is to study the vehicle matching problem from both local and global perspectives, which exploits the pixel gradient information as well as the silhouette information. In view of the discrepancy between 3D vehicle model and real vehicle, a weighting strategy is introduced to differently treat the fitting of the model’s wireframes. Additionally, a normalization operation for the model’s projection is performed to improve the accuracy of the matching. Experimental results on real traffic videos reveal that the proposed fitness function is efficient and robust to the cluttered background and partial occlusion. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=3D-2D%20matching" title="3D-2D matching">3D-2D matching</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=fitness%20function" title=" fitness function"> fitness function</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=3D%20vehicle%20model" title=" 3D vehicle model"> 3D vehicle model</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=local%20image%20gradient" title=" local image gradient"> local image gradient</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=silhouette%20information" title=" silhouette information"> silhouette information</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/45357/a-practical-and-efficient-evaluation-function-for-3d-model-based-vehicle-matching" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/45357.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">399</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">21771</span> A Sustainable Design Model by Integrated Evaluation of Closed-loop Design and Supply Chain Using a Mathematical Model</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Yuan-Jye%20Tseng">Yuan-Jye Tseng</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Yi-Shiuan%20Chen"> Yi-Shiuan Chen</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The paper presented a sustainable design model for integrated evaluation of the design and supply chain of a product for the sustainable objectives. To design a product, there can be alternative ways to assign the detailed specifications to fulfill the same design objectives. In the design alternative cases, different material and manufacturing processes with various supply chain activities may be required for the production. Therefore, it is required to evaluate the different design cases based on the sustainable objectives. In this research, a closed-loop design model is developed by integrating the forward design model and reverse design model. From the supply chain point of view, the decisions in the forward design model are connected with the forward supply chain. The decisions in the reverse design model are connected with the reverse supply chain considering the sustainable objectives. The purpose of this research is to develop a mathematical model for analyzing the design cases by integrated evaluating the criteria in the closed-loop design and the closed-loop supply chain. The decision variables are built to represent the design cases of the forward design and reverse design. The cost parameters in a forward design include the costs of material and manufacturing processes. The cost parameters in a reverse design include the costs of recycling, disassembly, reusing, remanufacturing, and disposing. The mathematical model is formulated to minimize the total cost under the design constraints. In practical applications, the decisions of the mathematical model can be used for selecting a design case for the purpose of sustainable design of a product. An example product is demonstrated in the paper. The test result shows that the sustainable design model is useful for integrated evaluation of the design and the supply chain to achieve the sustainable objectives. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=closed-loop%20design" title="closed-loop design">closed-loop design</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=closed-loop%20supply%20chain" title=" closed-loop supply chain"> closed-loop supply chain</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=design%20evaluation" title=" design evaluation"> design evaluation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=supply%20chain%20management" title=" supply chain management"> supply chain management</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=sustainable%20design%20model" title=" sustainable design model"> sustainable design model</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/51473/a-sustainable-design-model-by-integrated-evaluation-of-closed-loop-design-and-supply-chain-using-a-mathematical-model" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/51473.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">425</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">21770</span> A Super-Efficiency Model for Evaluating Efficiency in the Presence of Time Lag Effect</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Yanshuang%20Zhang">Yanshuang Zhang</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Byungho%20Jeong"> Byungho Jeong</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> In many cases, there is a time lag between the consumption of inputs and the production of outputs. This time lag effect should be considered in evaluating the performance of organizations. Recently, a couple of DEA models were developed for considering time lag effect in efficiency evaluation of research activities. Multi-periods input(MpI) and Multi-periods output(MpO) models are integrated models to calculate simple efficiency considering time lag effect. However, these models can’t discriminate efficient DMUs because of the nature of basic DEA model in which efficiency scores are limited to ‘1’. That is, efficient DMUs can’t be discriminated because their efficiency scores are same. Thus, this paper suggests a super-efficiency model for efficiency evaluation under the consideration of time lag effect based on the MpO model. A case example using a long-term research project is given to compare the suggested model with the MpO model. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=DEA" title="DEA">DEA</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=super-efficiency" title=" super-efficiency"> super-efficiency</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=time%20lag" title=" time lag"> time lag</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=multi-periods%20input" title=" multi-periods input"> multi-periods input</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/13008/a-super-efficiency-model-for-evaluating-efficiency-in-the-presence-of-time-lag-effect" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/13008.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">473</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">21769</span> A Closed-Loop Design Model for Sustainable Manufacturing by Integrating Forward Design and Reverse Design</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Yuan-Jye%20Tseng">Yuan-Jye Tseng</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Yi-Shiuan%20Chen"> Yi-Shiuan Chen</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> In this paper, a new concept of closed-loop design model is presented. The closed-loop design model is developed by integrating forward design and reverse design. Based on this new concept, a closed-loop design model for sustainable manufacturing by integrated evaluation of forward design, reverse design, and green manufacturing using a fuzzy analytic network process is developed. In the design stage of a product, with a given product requirement and objective, there can be different ways to design the detailed components and specifications. Therefore, there can be different design cases to achieve the same product requirement and objective. Thus, in the design evaluation stage, it is required to analyze and evaluate the different design cases. The purpose of this research is to develop a model for evaluating the design cases by integrated evaluation of forward design, reverse design, and green manufacturing models. A fuzzy analytic network process model is presented for integrated evaluation of the criteria in the three models. The comparison matrices for evaluating the criteria in the three groups are established. The total relational values among the three groups represent the total relational effects. In application, a super matrix can be created and the total relational values can be used to evaluate the design cases for decision-making to select the final design case. An example product is demonstrated in this presentation. It shows that the model is useful for integrated evaluation of forward design, reverse design, and green manufacturing to achieve a closed-loop design for sustainable manufacturing objective. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=design%20evaluation" title="design evaluation">design evaluation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=forward%20design" title=" forward design"> forward design</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=reverse%20design" title=" reverse design"> reverse design</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=closed-loop%20design" title=" closed-loop design"> closed-loop design</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=supply%20chain%20management" title=" supply chain management"> supply chain management</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=closed-loop%20supply%20chain" title=" closed-loop supply chain"> closed-loop supply chain</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=fuzzy%20analytic%20network%20process" title=" fuzzy analytic network process"> fuzzy analytic network process</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/29523/a-closed-loop-design-model-for-sustainable-manufacturing-by-integrating-forward-design-and-reverse-design" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/29523.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">676</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">21768</span> Reduced Model Investigations Supported by Fuzzy Cognitive Map to Foster Circular Economy</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=A.%20Buruzs">A. Buruzs</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=M.%20F.%20Hatw%C3%A1gner"> M. F. Hatwágner</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=L.%20T.%20K%C3%B3czy"> L. T. Kóczy</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The aim of the present paper is to develop an integrated method that may provide assistance to decision makers during system planning, design, operation and evaluation. In order to support the realization of Circular Economy (CE), it is essential to evaluate local needs and conditions which help to select the most appropriate system components and resource needs. Each of these activities requires careful planning, however, the model of CE offers a comprehensive interdisciplinary framework. The aim of this research was to develop and to introduce a practical methodology for evaluation of local and regional opportunities to promote CE. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=circular%20economy" title="circular economy">circular economy</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=factors" title=" factors"> factors</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=fuzzy%20cognitive%20map" title=" fuzzy cognitive map"> fuzzy cognitive map</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=model%20reduction" title=" model reduction"> model reduction</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=sustainability" title=" sustainability"> sustainability</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/56031/reduced-model-investigations-supported-by-fuzzy-cognitive-map-to-foster-circular-economy" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/56031.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">243</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">21767</span> The Use of Geographically Weighted Regression for Deforestation Analysis: Case Study in Brazilian Cerrado</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ana%20Paula%20Camelo">Ana Paula Camelo</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Keila%20Sanches"> Keila Sanches</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The Geographically Weighted Regression (GWR) was proposed in geography literature to allow relationship in a regression model to vary over space. In Brazil, the agricultural exploitation of the Cerrado Biome is the main cause of deforestation. In this study, we propose a methodology using geostatistical methods to characterize the spatial dependence of deforestation in the Cerrado based on agricultural production indicators. Therefore, it was used the set of exploratory spatial data analysis tools (ESDA) and confirmatory analysis using GWR. It was made the calibration a non-spatial model, evaluation the nature of the regression curve, election of the variables by stepwise process and multicollinearity analysis. After the evaluation of the non-spatial model was processed the spatial-regression model, statistic evaluation of the intercept and verification of its effect on calibration. In an analysis of Spearman’s correlation the results between deforestation and livestock was +0.783 and with soybeans +0.405. The model presented R²=0.936 and showed a strong spatial dependence of agricultural activity of soybeans associated to maize and cotton crops. The GWR is a very effective tool presenting results closer to the reality of deforestation in the Cerrado when compared with other analysis. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=deforestation" title="deforestation">deforestation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=geographically%20weighted%20regression" title=" geographically weighted regression"> geographically weighted regression</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=land%20use" title=" land use"> land use</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=spatial%20analysis" title=" spatial analysis"> spatial analysis</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/85043/the-use-of-geographically-weighted-regression-for-deforestation-analysis-case-study-in-brazilian-cerrado" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/85043.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">363</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">21766</span> Research on the Teaching Quality Evaluation of China’s Network Music Education APP</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Guangzhuang%20Yu">Guangzhuang Yu</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Chun-Chu%20Liu"> Chun-Chu Liu</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> With the advent of the Internet era in recent years, social music education has gradually shifted from the original entity education mode to the mode of entity plus network teaching. No matter for school music education, professional music education or social music education, the teaching quality is the most important evaluation index. Regarding the research on teaching quality evaluation, scholars at home and abroad have contributed a lot of research results on the basis of multiple methods and evaluation subjects. However, to our best knowledge the complete evaluation model for the virtual teaching interaction mode of the emerging network music education Application (APP) has not been established. This research firstly found out the basic dimensions that accord with the teaching quality required by the three parties, constructing the quality evaluation index system; and then, on the basis of expounding the connotation of each index, it determined the weight of each index by using method of fuzzy analytic hierarchy process, providing ideas and methods for scientific, objective and comprehensive evaluation of the teaching quality of network education APP. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=network%20music%20education%20APP" title="network music education APP">network music education APP</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=teaching%20quality%0D%0Aevaluation" title=" teaching quality evaluation"> teaching quality evaluation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=index%20and%20connotation" title=" index and connotation"> index and connotation</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/131891/research-on-the-teaching-quality-evaluation-of-chinas-network-music-education-app" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/131891.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">128</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">21765</span> Design and Implementation a Platform for Adaptive Online Learning Based on Fuzzy Logic</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Budoor%20Al%20Abid">Budoor Al Abid</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Educational systems are increasingly provided as open online services, providing guidance and support for individual learners. To adapt the learning systems, a proper evaluation must be made. This paper builds the evaluation model Fuzzy C Means Adaptive System (FCMAS) based on data mining techniques to assess the difficulty of the questions. The following steps are implemented; first using a dataset from an online international learning system called (slepemapy.cz) the dataset contains over 1300000 records with 9 features for students, questions and answers information with feedback evaluation. Next, a normalization process as preprocessing step was applied. Then FCM clustering algorithms are used to adaptive the difficulty of the questions. The result is three cluster labeled data depending on the higher Wight (easy, Intermediate, difficult). The FCM algorithm gives a label to all the questions one by one. Then Random Forest (RF) Classifier model is constructed on the clustered dataset uses 70% of the dataset for training and 30% for testing; the result of the model is a 99.9% accuracy rate. This approach improves the Adaptive E-learning system because it depends on the student behavior and gives accurate results in the evaluation process more than the evaluation system that depends on feedback only. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=machine%20learning" title="machine learning">machine learning</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=adaptive" title=" adaptive"> adaptive</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=fuzzy%20logic" title=" fuzzy logic"> fuzzy logic</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=data%20mining" title=" data mining"> data mining</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/139852/design-and-implementation-a-platform-for-adaptive-online-learning-based-on-fuzzy-logic" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/139852.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">196</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">21764</span> Current Issues on Enterprise Architecture Implementation Evaluation</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Fatemeh%20Nikpay">Fatemeh Nikpay</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Rodina%20Binti%20Ahmad"> Rodina Binti Ahmad</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Babak%20Darvish%20Rouhani"> Babak Darvish Rouhani </a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Enterprise Architecture (EA) is employed by enterprises for providing integrated Information Systems (ISs) in order to support alignment of their business and Information Technology (IT). Evaluation of EA implementation can support enterprise to reach intended goals. There are some problems in current evaluation methods of EA implementation that lead to ineffectiveness implementation of EA. This paper represents current issues on evaluation of EA implementation. In this regard, we set the framework in order to represent evaluation’s issues based on their functionality and structure. The results of this research not only increase the knowledge of evaluation, but also could be useful for both academics and practitioners in order to realize the current situation of evaluations. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=current%20issues%20on%20EA%20implementation%20evaluation" title="current issues on EA implementation evaluation">current issues on EA implementation evaluation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=evaluation" title=" evaluation"> evaluation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=enterprise%20architecture" title=" enterprise architecture"> enterprise architecture</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=evaluation%20of%20enterprise%20architecture%20implementation" title=" evaluation of enterprise architecture implementation"> evaluation of enterprise architecture implementation</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/21274/current-issues-on-enterprise-architecture-implementation-evaluation" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/21274.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">527</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">21763</span> An Evaluation Model for Enhancing Flexibility in Production Systems through Additive Manufacturing</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Angela%20Luft">Angela Luft</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Sebastian%20Bremen"> Sebastian Bremen</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Nicolae%20Balc"> Nicolae Balc</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Additive manufacturing processes have entered large parts of the industry and their range of application have progressed and grown significantly in the course of time. A major advantage of additive manufacturing is the innate flexibility of the machines. This corelates with the ongoing demand of creating highly flexible production environments. However, the potential of additive manufacturing technologies to enhance the flexibility of production systems has not yet been truly considered and quantified in a systematic way. In order to determine the potential of additive manufacturing technologies with regards to the strategic flexibility design in production systems, an integrated evaluation model has been developed, that allows for the simultaneous consideration of both conventional as well as additive production resources. With the described model, an operational scope of action can be identified and quantified in terms of mix and volume flexibility, process complexity, and machine capacity that goes beyond the current cost-oriented approaches and offers a much broader and more holistic view on the potential of additive manufacturing. A respective evaluation model is presented this paper. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=additive%20manufacturing" title="additive manufacturing">additive manufacturing</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=capacity%20planning" title=" capacity planning"> capacity planning</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=production%20systems" title=" production systems"> production systems</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=strategic%20production%20planning" title=" strategic production planning"> strategic production planning</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=flexibility%20enhancement" title=" flexibility enhancement"> flexibility enhancement</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/149112/an-evaluation-model-for-enhancing-flexibility-in-production-systems-through-additive-manufacturing" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/149112.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">157</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">21762</span> Model Driven Architecture Methodologies: A Review</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Arslan%20Murtaza">Arslan Murtaza</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Model Driven Architecture (MDA) is technique presented by OMG (Object Management Group) for software development in which different models are proposed and converted them into code. The main plan is to identify task by using PIM (Platform Independent Model) and transform it into PSM (Platform Specific Model) and then converted into code. In this review paper describes some challenges and issues that are faced in MDA, type and transformation of models (e.g. CIM, PIM and PSM), and evaluation of MDA-based methodologies. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=OMG" title="OMG">OMG</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=model%20driven%20rrchitecture%20%28MDA%29" title=" model driven rrchitecture (MDA)"> model driven rrchitecture (MDA)</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=computation%20independent%20model%20%28CIM%29" title=" computation independent model (CIM)"> computation independent model (CIM)</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=platform%20independent%20model%20%28PIM%29" title=" platform independent model (PIM)"> platform independent model (PIM)</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=platform%20specific%20model%28PSM%29" title=" platform specific model(PSM)"> platform specific model(PSM)</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=MDA-based%20methodologies" title=" MDA-based methodologies"> MDA-based methodologies</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/34919/model-driven-architecture-methodologies-a-review" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/34919.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">458</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">21761</span> A Research on Tourism Market Forecast and Its Evaluation</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Min%20Wei">Min Wei</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The traditional prediction methods of the forecast for tourism market are paid more attention to the accuracy of the forecasts, ignoring the results of the feasibility of forecasting and predicting operability, which had made it difficult to predict the results of scientific testing. With the application of Linear Regression Model, this paper attempts to construct a scientific evaluation system for predictive value, both to ensure the accuracy, stability of the predicted value, and to ensure the feasibility of forecasting and predicting the results of operation. The findings show is that a scientific evaluation system can implement the scientific concept of development, the harmonious development of man and nature co-ordinate. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=linear%20regression%20model" title="linear regression model">linear regression model</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=tourism%20market" title=" tourism market"> tourism market</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=forecast" title=" forecast"> forecast</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=tourism%20economics" title=" tourism economics"> tourism economics</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/72550/a-research-on-tourism-market-forecast-and-its-evaluation" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/72550.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">332</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">21760</span> Evaluation of the Matching Optimization of Human-Machine Interface Matching in the Cab</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Yanhua%20Ma">Yanhua Ma</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Lu%20Zhai"> Lu Zhai</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Xinchen%20Wang"> Xinchen Wang</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Hongyu%20Liang"> Hongyu Liang</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> In this paper, by understanding the development status of the human-machine interface in today's automobile cab, a subjective and objective evaluation system for evaluating the optimization of human-machine interface matching in automobile cab was established. The man-machine interface of the car cab was divided into a software interface and a hard interface. Objective evaluation method of software human factor analysis is used to evaluate the hard interface matching; The analytic hierarchy process is used to establish the evaluation index system for the software interface matching optimization, and the multi-level fuzzy comprehensive evaluation method is used to evaluate hard interface machine. This article takes Dongfeng Sokon (DFSK) C37 model automobile as an example. The evaluation method given in the paper is used to carry out relevant analysis and evaluation, and corresponding optimization suggestions are given, which have certain reference value for designers. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=analytic%20hierarchy%20process" title="analytic hierarchy process">analytic hierarchy process</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=fuzzy%20comprehension%20evaluation%20method" title=" fuzzy comprehension evaluation method"> fuzzy comprehension evaluation method</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=human-machine%20interface" title=" human-machine interface"> human-machine interface</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=matching%20optimization" title=" matching optimization"> matching optimization</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=software%20human%20factor%20analysis" title=" software human factor analysis"> software human factor analysis</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/131104/evaluation-of-the-matching-optimization-of-human-machine-interface-matching-in-the-cab" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/131104.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">156</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">21759</span> Implementation and Validation of a Damage-Friction Constitutive Model for Concrete</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=L.%20Madouni">L. Madouni</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=M.%20Ould%20Ouali"> M. Ould Ouali</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=N.%20E.%20Hannachi"> N. E. Hannachi</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Two constitutive models for concrete are available in ABAQUS/Explicit, the Brittle Cracking Model and the Concrete Damaged Plasticity Model, and their suitability and limitations are well known. The aim of the present paper is to implement a damage-friction concrete constitutive model and to evaluate the performance of this model by comparing the predicted response with experimental data. The constitutive formulation of this material model is reviewed. In order to have consistent results, the parameter identification and calibration for the model have been performed. Several numerical simulations are presented in this paper, whose results allow for validating the capability of the proposed model for reproducing the typical nonlinear performances of concrete structures under different monotonic and cyclic load conditions. The results of the evaluation will be used for recommendations concerning the application and further improvements of the investigated model. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Abaqus" title="Abaqus">Abaqus</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=concrete" title=" concrete"> concrete</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=constitutive%20model" title=" constitutive model"> constitutive model</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=numerical%20simulation" title=" numerical simulation"> numerical simulation</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/77318/implementation-and-validation-of-a-damage-friction-constitutive-model-for-concrete" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/77318.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">364</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">21758</span> Study of Gait Stability Evaluation Technique Based on Linear Inverted Pendulum Model</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Kang%20Sungjae">Kang Sungjae</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> This research proposes a gait stability evaluation technique based on the linear inverted pendulum model and moving support foot Zero Moment Point. With this, an improvement towards the gait analysis of the orthosis walk is validated. The application of Lagrangian mechanics approximation to the solutions of the dynamics equations for the linear inverted pendulum does not only simplify the solution, but it provides a smooth Zero Moment Point for the double feet support phase. The Zero Moment Point gait analysis techniques mentioned above validates reference trajectories for the center of mass of the gait orthosis, the timing of the steps and landing position references for the swing feet. The stability evaluation technique are tested with a 6 DOF powered gait orthosis. The results obtained are promising for implementations. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=locomotion" title="locomotion">locomotion</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=center%20of%20mass" title=" center of mass"> center of mass</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=gait%20stability" title=" gait stability"> gait stability</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=linear%20inverted%20pendulum%20model" title=" linear inverted pendulum model"> linear inverted pendulum model</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/14498/study-of-gait-stability-evaluation-technique-based-on-linear-inverted-pendulum-model" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/14498.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">517</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">21757</span> Cluster Analysis of Students’ Learning Satisfaction</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Purevdolgor%20Luvsantseren">Purevdolgor Luvsantseren</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ajnai%20Luvsan-Ish"> Ajnai Luvsan-Ish</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Oyuntsetseg%20Sandag"> Oyuntsetseg Sandag</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Javzmaa%20Tsend"> Javzmaa Tsend</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Akhit%20Tileubai"> Akhit Tileubai</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Baasandorj%20Chilhaasuren"> Baasandorj Chilhaasuren</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Jargalbat%20Puntsagdash"> Jargalbat Puntsagdash</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Galbadrakh%20Chuluunbaatar"> Galbadrakh Chuluunbaatar</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> One of the indicators of the quality of university services is student satisfaction. Aim: We aimed to study the level of satisfaction of students in the first year of premedical courses in the course of Medical Physics using the cluster method. Materials and Methods: In the framework of this goal, a questionnaire was collected from a total of 324 students who studied the medical physics course of the 1st course of the premedical course at the Mongolian National University of Medical Sciences. When determining the level of satisfaction, the answers were obtained on five levels of satisfaction: "excellent", "good", "medium", "bad" and "very bad". A total of 39 questionnaires were collected from students: 8 for course evaluation, 19 for teacher evaluation, and 12 for student evaluation. From the research, a database with 39 fields and 324 records was created. Results: In this database, cluster analysis was performed in MATLAB and R programs using the k-means method of data mining. Calculated the Hopkins statistic in the created database, the values are 0.88, 0.87, and 0.97. This shows that cluster analysis methods can be used. The course evaluation sub-fund is divided into three clusters. Among them, cluster I has 150 objects with a "good" rating of 46.2%, cluster II has 119 objects with a "medium" rating of 36.7%, and Cluster III has 54 objects with a "good" rating of 16.6%. The teacher evaluation sub-base into three clusters, there are 179 objects with a "good" rating of 55.2% in cluster II, 108 objects with an "average" rating of 33.3% in cluster III, and 36 objects with an "excellent" rating in cluster I of 11.1%. The sub-base of student evaluations is divided into two clusters: cluster II has 215 objects with an "excellent" rating of 66.3%, and cluster I has 108 objects with an "excellent" rating of 33.3%. Evaluating the resulting clusters with the Silhouette coefficient, 0.32 for the course evaluation cluster, 0.31 for the teacher evaluation cluster, and 0.30 for student evaluation show statistical significance. Conclusion: Finally, to conclude, cluster analysis in the model of the medical physics lesson “good” - 46.2%, “middle” - 36.7%, “bad” - 16.6%; 55.2% - “good”, 33.3% - “middle”, 11.1% - “bad” in the teacher evaluation model; 66.3% - “good” and 33.3% of “bad” in the student evaluation model. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=questionnaire" title="questionnaire">questionnaire</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=data%20mining" title=" data mining"> data mining</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=k-means%20method" title=" k-means method"> k-means method</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=silhouette%20coefficient" title=" silhouette coefficient"> silhouette coefficient</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/185266/cluster-analysis-of-students-learning-satisfaction" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/185266.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">49</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">21756</span> Second Order Cone Optimization Approach to Two-stage Network DEA</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=K.%20Asanimoghadam">K. Asanimoghadam</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=M.%20Salahi"> M. Salahi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=A.%20Jamalian"> A. Jamalian</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Data envelopment analysis is an approach to measure the efficiency of decision making units with multiple inputs and outputs. The structure of many decision making units also has decision-making subunits that are not considered in most data envelopment analysis models. Also, the inputs and outputs of the decision-making units usually are considered desirable, while in some real-world problems, the nature of some inputs or outputs are undesirable. In this thesis, we study the evaluation of the efficiency of two stage decision-making units, where some outputs are undesirable using two non-radial models, the SBM and the ASBM models. We formulate the nonlinear ASBM model as a second order cone optimization problem. Finally, we compare two models for both external and internal evaluation approaches for two real world example in the presence of undesirable outputs. The results show that, in both external and internal evaluations, the overall efficiency of ASBM model is greater than or equal to the overall efficiency value of the SBM model, and in internal evaluation, the ASBM model is more flexible than the SBM model. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=network%20DEA" title="network DEA">network DEA</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=conic%20optimization" title=" conic optimization"> conic optimization</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=undesirable%20output" title=" undesirable output"> undesirable output</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=SBM" title=" SBM"> SBM</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/141215/second-order-cone-optimization-approach-to-two-stage-network-dea" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a 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