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age</title> <meta name="description" content="Search results for: middle age"> <meta name="keywords" content="middle age"> <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1, minimum-scale=1, maximum-scale=1, user-scalable=no"> <meta charset="utf-8"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/favicon.ico" type="image/x-icon" rel="shortcut icon"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/static/plugins/bootstrap-4.2.1/css/bootstrap.min.css" rel="stylesheet"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/static/plugins/fontawesome/css/all.min.css" rel="stylesheet"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/static/css/site.css?v=150220211555" rel="stylesheet"> </head> <body> <header> <div class="container"> <nav class="navbar navbar-expand-lg navbar-light"> <a class="navbar-brand" href="https://waset.org"> <img src="https://cdn.waset.org/static/images/wasetc.png" alt="Open Science Research Excellence" title="Open Science Research Excellence" /> </a> <button class="d-block d-lg-none navbar-toggler ml-auto" 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id="custom-search-input"> <div class="input-group"> <i class="fas fa-search"></i> <input type="text" class="search-query" name="q" placeholder="Author, Title, Abstract, Keywords" value="middle age"> <input type="submit" class="btn_search" value="Search"> </div> </div> </form> </div> </div> <div class="row mt-3"> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Commenced</strong> in January 2007</div> </div> </div> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Frequency:</strong> Monthly</div> </div> </div> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Edition:</strong> International</div> </div> </div> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Paper Count:</strong> 1622</div> </div> </div> </div> <h1 class="mt-3 mb-3 text-center" style="font-size:1.6rem;">Search results for: middle age</h1> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1622</span> “The Day I Became a Woman” by Marziyeh Meshkiny: An Analysis of the Cinematographic Image of the Middle East</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ana%20Carolina%20Domingues">Ana Carolina Domingues</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> This work presents the preliminary results of the above-titled doctoral research. Based on this film and on Middle East authors who discuss films made by women, it has been concluded so far, that it is part of a larger movement, which together with other productions, show the perceptions of the world of these women, who see the world otherwise, for not holding positions of power. These modes of perception revealed from the encounter of women with the cameras, educate viewers to denaturalize the impressions constructed in relation to the Middle East. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=cinema" title="cinema">cinema</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=image" title=" image"> image</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=middle%20east" title=" middle east"> middle east</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=women" title=" women"> women</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/152988/the-day-i-became-a-woman-by-marziyeh-meshkiny-an-analysis-of-the-cinematographic-image-of-the-middle-east" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/152988.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">117</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1621</span> The Role of Middle Class in Forming of Consumption Habits of Market Institutions among Kazakh Households in Transition Period</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Daurenbek%20Kuleimenov">Daurenbek Kuleimenov</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Elmira%20Otar"> Elmira Otar</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Market institutions extension within transit societies contributes to constituting the new type of middle class and households livelihood strategies. The middle class households as an example of prosperity in many cases encourage the ordinary ones to do the same economic actions. Therefore, practices of using market institutions by middle class households in transit societies, which are mostly characterized by huge influence of traditional attitudes, can carry habitual features for the whole society. Market institutions consumption habit of the middle class households makes them trendsetters of economic habits of other households while adapting to the market economy. Moreover different social-economic positions of households lead them to different consuming results such as worsening or improving household economy due to indebtedness. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=middle%20class" title="middle class">middle class</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=households" title=" households"> households</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=market%20institutions" title=" market institutions"> market institutions</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=transition" title=" transition"> transition</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/2462/the-role-of-middle-class-in-forming-of-consumption-habits-of-market-institutions-among-kazakh-households-in-transition-period" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/2462.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">372</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1620</span> Ex-Post Export Data for Differentiated Products Revealing the Existence of Productcycles </h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ranajoy%20Bhattcharyya">Ranajoy Bhattcharyya</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> We estimate international product cycles as shifting product spaces by using 1976 to 2010 UN Comtrade data on all differentiated tradable products in all countries. We use a product space approach to identify the representative product baskets of high-, middle and low-income countries and then use these baskets to identify the patterns of change in comparative advantage of countries over time. We find evidence of a product cycle in two senses: First, high-, middle- and low-income countries differ in comparative advantage, and high-income products migrate to the middle-income basket. A similar pattern is observed for middle- and low-income countries. Our estimation of the lag shows that middle-income countries tend to quickly take up the products of high-income countries, but low-income countries take a longer time absorbing these products. Thus, the gap between low- and middle-income countries is considerably higher than that between middle- and high-income nations. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=product%20cycle" title="product cycle">product cycle</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=comparative%20advantage" title=" comparative advantage"> comparative advantage</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=representative%20product%20basket" title=" representative product basket"> representative product basket</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=ex-post%20data" title=" ex-post data "> ex-post data </a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/22221/ex-post-export-data-for-differentiated-products-revealing-the-existence-of-productcycles" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/22221.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">420</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1619</span> Domination Parameters of Middle Graphs: Connected and Outer-Connected Perspectives</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Behnaz%20Pahlousay">Behnaz Pahlousay</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Farshad%20Kazemnejad"> Farshad Kazemnejad</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Elisa%20Palezzato"> Elisa Palezzato</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Michele%20Torielli"> Michele Torielli</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> In this paper, we study the notions of connected domination number and of outer-connected domination number for middle graphs. Indeed, we obtain tight bounds for these numbers in terms of the order of the middle graph M(G). We also compute the outer-connected domination number of some families of graphs such as star graphs, cycle graphs, wheel graphs, complete graphs, complete bipartite graphs and some operation on graphs, explicitly. Moreover, some Nordhaus-Gaddum-like relations are presented for the outer-connected domination number of middle graphs. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=connected%20domination%20number" title="connected domination number">connected domination number</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=outer-connected%20dom-%20ination%20number" title=" outer-connected dom- ination number"> outer-connected dom- ination number</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=domination%20number" title=" domination number"> domination number</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=middle%20graph" title=" middle graph"> middle graph</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=nordhaus-%20gaddum-like%20relation." title=" nordhaus- gaddum-like relation."> nordhaus- gaddum-like relation.</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/189196/domination-parameters-of-middle-graphs-connected-and-outer-connected-perspectives" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/189196.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">38</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1618</span> China's Middle East Policy and the Competition with the United States</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Shabnam%20Dadparvar">Shabnam Dadparvar</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Laijin%20Shen"> Laijin Shen</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> This paper focuses on China’s policy in the Middle East and the rivalry with the U.S. The question is that what are the main factors on China’s Middle East policy and its competition with the U.S? The hypothesis regards to three effective factors: 'China’s energy dependency' on the Middle East, 'economy' and support for 'stability' in the Middle East. What is important in China’s competition with the U.S regarding to its Middle East policy is the substantial difference in ways of treating the countries of the region; China is committed to Westphalia model based on non-interference in internal affairs of the countries and respect the sovereignty of the governments. However, after 9/11, the U.S is seeking a balance between stability and change through intervention in the international affairs and in some cases is looking for a regime change. From the other hand, China, due to its dependency on the region’s energy welcomes America’s military presence in the region for providing stability. The authors by using a descriptive analytical method try to explain the situation of rivalry between China and the United States in Middle East. China is an 'emerging power' with high economic growth and in demand of more energy supply. The problem is that a rising power in the region is often a source of concern for hegemony. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=China%27s%20foreign%20policy" title="China's foreign policy">China's foreign policy</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=energy" title=" energy"> energy</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=hegemony" title=" hegemony"> hegemony</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=the%20Middle%20East" title=" the Middle East"> the Middle East</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/50881/chinas-middle-east-policy-and-the-competition-with-the-united-states" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/50881.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">352</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1617</span> Middle Management Practices and Leadership in Higher Education, Comparative Case Studies of Two Selected Post-1992 UK Universities </h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Thouraya%20Eshami">Thouraya Eshami</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The aim of this study is to understand, interpret and describe the dynamics of the management and leadership practices with its diverse constituents within the middle management cadre in two selected post-1992 UK universities. The information will be gleaned from interviews conducted with academics who became middle-managers (an AD, SGL and TL) in two selected case Higher Education Institutes. The term middle management is used to describe personnel occupying positions at the level of assistant deans, dean (which also referred to as associate deans), and team leaders. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=academic%20manager" title="academic manager">academic manager</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=associate%20dean" title=" associate dean"> associate dean</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=higher%20education" title=" higher education"> higher education</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=middle%20manager" title=" middle manager"> middle manager</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=post%201992%20universities" title=" post 1992 universities"> post 1992 universities</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/25713/middle-management-practices-and-leadership-in-higher-education-comparative-case-studies-of-two-selected-post-1992-uk-universities" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/25713.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">433</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1616</span> Middle-Level Management Involvement in Strategy Process, and Organizational Performance</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mazyar%20Taghavi">Mazyar Taghavi</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> This research examines middle-level managers’ involvement in strategy process in 15 manufacturing and service companies in Iran. We considered two dominant theoretical arguments for expecting a positive association. According to the first direction involvement improves organizational performance by improving the quality of strategic decisions. According to the second track, middle managers contribute to increased levels of performance through strategic consensus among them. Results indicate that involvement in the strategy is related to organizational performance. Involvement is associated with consensus (i.e. strategic understanding and commitment) among middle-level managers. However, findings indicate that consensus is not related to the organizational performance. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=middle-level%20management" title="middle-level management">middle-level management</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=strategy%20process" title=" strategy process"> strategy process</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=organizational%20performance" title=" organizational performance"> organizational performance</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=strategy%20consensus" title=" strategy consensus"> strategy consensus</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/19006/middle-level-management-involvement-in-strategy-process-and-organizational-performance" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/19006.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">439</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1615</span> Mythological Influences on the Works of J. R. R. Tolkien: A Scrutiny of Middle-Earth Stories</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ali%20Mohammadi">Ali Mohammadi</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The present study is an attempt to investigate the influence of mythology on J.R.R. Tolkien's literary works in general and on Middle-Earth in particular. Moreover, despite the fact that mythology is usually regarded as a thing of the past predominantly found in the early works of literature, this inquiry reveals that how modern literary works can artistically benefit from mythological elements of Old English Era so as to enrich their content and stand out as innovative masterpieces. Indeed, having been a philologist and well-acquainted with mythological literature, Tolkien paved the way for a novel understanding of literature by bridging the gap between the old and the new. In the end, it was concluded that had mythology not been utilised by Tolkien, his works, and on top of all, Middle-Earth, would not have turned into a modern literary showpiece. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=literature" title="literature">literature</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Middle-Earth" title=" Middle-Earth"> Middle-Earth</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=mythology" title=" mythology"> mythology</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Tolkien" title=" Tolkien "> Tolkien </a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/131604/mythological-influences-on-the-works-of-j-r-r-tolkien-a-scrutiny-of-middle-earth-stories" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/131604.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">179</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1614</span> The Language Use of Middle Eastern Freedom Activists' Speeches: A Gender Perspective</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Sulistyaningtyas">Sulistyaningtyas</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Examining the role of Middle Eastern freedom activists’ speech based on gender perspective is considered noteworthy because the society in the Middle East is patriarchal. This research aims to examine the language use of the Middle Eastern freedom activists’ speeches through gender perspective. The data sources are from male and female Middle Eastern freedom activists’ speech videos. In analyzing the data, the theories employed are about Language Style from Gender Perspective and The Language for Speech. The result reveals that there are sets of spoken language differences between male and female speakers. In using the language for speech, both male and female speakers produce metaphor, euphemism, the ‘rule of three’, parallelism, and pronouns in random frequency of production, which cannot be separated by genders. Moreover, it cannot be concluded that one gender is more potential than the other to influence the audience in delivering speech. There are other factors, particularly non-verbal factors, existing to give impacts on how a speech can influence the audience. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=gender%20perspective" title="gender perspective">gender perspective</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=language%20use" title=" language use"> language use</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Middle%20Eastern%20freedom%20activists" title=" Middle Eastern freedom activists"> Middle Eastern freedom activists</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=speech" title=" speech"> speech</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/72543/the-language-use-of-middle-eastern-freedom-activists-speeches-a-gender-perspective" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/72543.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">421</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1613</span> China and the Middle East in the 21st Century: From Political Mediation to Economic Expansionism</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ali%20Asghar%20Sotoudeh">Ali Asghar Sotoudeh</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Mediation Diplomacy has emerged as one of the main pillars of China's foreign policy goals and practices, and Beijing has established itself as a peacekeeping force in regional conflicts and crises such as Afghanistan, Syria, Sudan, Yemen, and the Arab-Israeli peace process. China is deepening and intensifying its diplomatic interventions in the Middle East and trying to shape the security and political developments in the Middle East. On the other hand, economically, China has become one of the most important trading partners with Middle Eastern governments. China is also seeking to expand its foreign policy and economic interests in the Middle East through the New Silk Road initiative and has signed cooperation agreements with 17 Arab countries. In this regard, due to the importance of the subject, this research focuses on answering this question; what is the basis of China's political mediation and economic expansionism in the Middle East? In parallel with this question, this study follows the hypothesis that the mediating role of peace is a legitimate way for China to intervene in Middle East political crises, Without causing China to deviate from its traditional guiding principles based on non-interference in the internal affairs of other actors in the international system. This policy also promotes the security of economic interests and increases the country's political influence in the Middle East. The research method is descriptive-analytical based on the qualitative method, and the data collection method is library and internet resources. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=China" title="China">China</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=middle%20east" title=" middle east"> middle east</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=political%20mediation" title=" political mediation"> political mediation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=economic%20expansionism" title=" economic expansionism"> economic expansionism</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/132747/china-and-the-middle-east-in-the-21st-century-from-political-mediation-to-economic-expansionism" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/132747.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">144</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1612</span> Introduction to Political Psychoanalysis of a Group in the Middle East</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Seyedfateh%20Moradi">Seyedfateh Moradi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Abas%20Ali%20Rahbar"> Abas Ali Rahbar</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The present study focuses on investigating group psychoanalysis in the Middle East. The study uses a descriptive-analytic method and library resources have been used to collect the data. Additionally, the researcher’s observations of people’s everyday behavior have played an important role in the production and analysis of the study. Group psychoanalysis in the Middle East can be conducted through people’s daily behaviors, proverbs, poetry, mythology, etc., and some of the general characteristics of people in the Middle East include: xenophobia, revivalism, fatalism, nostalgic, wills and so on. Members of the group have often failed to achieve Libido wills and it is very important in unifying and reproduction violence. Therefore, if libidinal wills are irrationally fixed, it will be important in forming fundamentalist and racist groups, a situation that is dominant among many groups in the Middle East. Adversities, from early childhood and afterwards, in the subjects have always been influential in the political behavior of group members, and it manifests itself as counter-projections. Consequently, it affects the foreign policy of the governments. On the other hand, two kinds of subjects are identifiable in the Middle East, one; classical subject that is related to nostalgia and mythology and, two; modern subjects which is self-alienated. As a result, both subjects are seeking identity and self-expression in public in relation to forming groups. Therefore, collective unconscious in the Middle East shows itself as extreme boundaries and leads to forming groups characterized with violence. Psychoanalysis shows important aspects to identify many developments in the Middle East; totally analysis of Freud, Carl Jung and Reich about groups can be applied in the present Middle East. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=political" title="political">political</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=psychoanalysis" title=" psychoanalysis"> psychoanalysis</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=group" title=" group"> group</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Middle%20East" title=" Middle East"> Middle East</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/71015/introduction-to-political-psychoanalysis-of-a-group-in-the-middle-east" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/71015.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">310</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1611</span> Minorities and Soccer in the Middle East: Yelling From the Touchline</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Saeb%20Farhan%20Al%20Ganideh">Saeb Farhan Al Ganideh</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> We draw on insights from theories of group threat and identity to explore how soccer rivalries can decode the relationship between ethnic minorities and local societies. How ethnic minorities used soccer, in the Arab countries of the Middle East, to express their racial-ethnic heritage is the main question that this paper grapples with at its most general level. The rhetoric around soccer and minorities in the Middle East show that ethnic minorities’ soccer clubs have faced varying degrees of discrimination. The paper relies on an analysis of 4 ethnic minorities’ soccer clubs, namely, Circassians in Jordan, Kurds in Syria, Sahrawis in Morocco, and Amazighs in Algeria, focusing on previous and current performance of these clubs. Ethnic minorities’ soccer clubs were the pinnacle in the Middle East region a few decades ago. Nonetheless, these soccer clubs, currently, fighting for not only their place in their countries’ local competitions but also for their existence as soccer clubs. Minorities’ soccer clubs have been plagued with challenges related to the change in political and social contexts in these countries. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=minorities" title="minorities">minorities</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=rivalries" title=" rivalries"> rivalries</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=soccer" title=" soccer"> soccer</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=middle%20east" title=" middle east"> middle east</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/150617/minorities-and-soccer-in-the-middle-east-yelling-from-the-touchline" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/150617.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">522</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1610</span> Alternative Futures for the Middle East</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Dorsa%20Bakhshandehgeyazdi">Dorsa Bakhshandehgeyazdi</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> This paper examines elective future of security in the Middle East trying to find a way that could take the district from a shaky past to a more secure future. Taking a gander at five situations about the eventual future of world legislative issues, in particular, globalization, fragmentation, conflict of civilizations, majority rule peace and the development of a security group, the paper contends that albeit every situation has its qualities (and in addition shortcomings), it is the situation that predicts the foundation of a security group that joins a more express thought for forming a more secure future for the Middle East. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Middle%20East" title="Middle East">Middle East</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Globalization" title=" Globalization"> Globalization</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Fragmentation" title=" Fragmentation"> Fragmentation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Conflict%20of%20civilizations" title=" Conflict of civilizations"> Conflict of civilizations</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Majority%20rule%20peace" title=" Majority rule peace"> Majority rule peace</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Development%20of%20a%20security%20group" title=" Development of a security group"> Development of a security group</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/32417/alternative-futures-for-the-middle-east" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/32417.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">294</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1609</span> The Current Status of Middle Class Internet Use in China: An Analysis Based on the Chinese General Social Survey 2015 Data and Semi-Structured Investigation</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Abigail%20Qian%20Zhou">Abigail Qian Zhou</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> In today's China, the well-educated middle class, with stable jobs and above-average income, are the driving force behind its Internet society. Through the analysis of data from the 2015 Chinese General Social Survey and 50 interviewees, this study investigates the current situation of this group’s specific internet usage. The findings of this study demonstrate that daily life among the members of this socioeconomic group is closely tied to the Internet. For Chinese middle class, the Internet is used to socialize and entertain self and others. It is also used to search for and share information as well as to build their identities. The empirical results of this study will provide a reference, supported by factual data, for enterprises seeking to target the Chinese middle class through online marketing efforts. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=middle%20class" title="middle class">middle class</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Internet%20use" title=" Internet use"> Internet use</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=network%20behaviour" title=" network behaviour"> network behaviour</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=online%20marketing" title=" online marketing"> online marketing</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=China" title=" China"> China</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/117254/the-current-status-of-middle-class-internet-use-in-china-an-analysis-based-on-the-chinese-general-social-survey-2015-data-and-semi-structured-investigation" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/117254.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">121</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1608</span> Factors Influencing the Roles and Responsibilities of Middle Leaders in Saudi and English Primary Schools: A Comparative Critical Study</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Saeed%20Musaid%20H.%20Alzahrani">Saeed Musaid H. Alzahrani</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The role of middle leaders, especially in primary schools, is a multi-faced role that has been subject to changes in nature over recent decades, with claims for more distributed leadership practices. This research examines the way 18 middle leaders in Saudi and English primary schools conceptualise their roles and responsibilities, and different factors influencing those roles and responsibilities. It begins from the premise that both the power of the role and the values of middle leaders are grounded in cultural and political bases, a belief held by the researcher as an 'insider' within the Saudi educational leadership context. The study consisted of a comparative analysis of the role and the responsibilities of middle leaders in Saudi primary schools and their equivalents in English primary schools. A purely qualitative methodological stance was adopted, using in-depth face-to-face semi-structured interviews, observations and document analysis. Middle leaders were asked to reflect deeply on their perceptions and understanding of their roles and explain what they thought influenced their daily practices and responsibilities. The findings suggest that the concept of middle leadership has been influenced by power imposed from above by political authority, via internal and external hierarchical structures, which shapes the nature of the role of the middle leaders and forces them to comply. Middle leaders seem to believe they have the power to make decisions and promote change, but these findings suggest that this is illusory. The power that keeps middle leaders performing is the power of their cultural and religious values. Those values are the resource to which they turn in their search for more energy when they lack support and are short of time taken. Middle leaders in Saudi, just like their equivalents in English schools must comply with the requirements of their role. However, Saudi middle leaders are given no leeway to make decisions or implement change, neither do they have the culture of collegiality that seems to give middle leaders in England more power over their resources and decisions. However, in neither educational setting have middle leaders been given the power to lead, so they remain managers rather than leaders. The findings of this research suggest that there are more similarities between the educational settings of Saudi and England than differences; and in the light of different factors identified in the study, suggest the establishment of a framework for middle leadership, in the hope of enhancing the way the role is practiced. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=middle%20leader" title="middle leader">middle leader</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=primary%20school" title=" primary school"> primary school</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=power" title=" power"> power</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=educational%20leadership" title=" educational leadership"> educational leadership</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=value" title=" value"> value</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=culture" title=" culture"> culture</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=model" title=" model"> model</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Saudi%20Arabia" title=" Saudi Arabia"> Saudi Arabia</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=England" title=" England"> England</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/84003/factors-influencing-the-roles-and-responsibilities-of-middle-leaders-in-saudi-and-english-primary-schools-a-comparative-critical-study" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/84003.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">192</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1607</span> Autonomy in Healthcare Organisations: A Comparative Case Study of Middle Managers in England and Iran</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Maryam%20Zahmatkesh">Maryam Zahmatkesh</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Middle managers form a significant occupational category in organisations. They undertake a vital role, as they sit between the operational and strategic roles. Traditionally they were acting as diplomat administrators, and were only in power to meet the demands of professionals. Following the introduction of internal market, in line with the principles of New Public Management, middle managers have been considered as change agents. More recently, in the debates of middle managers, there is emphasis on entrepreneurialism and enacting strategic role. It was assumed that granting autonomy to the local organisations and the inception of semi-autonomous hospitals (Foundation Trusts in England and Board of Trustees in Iran) would give managers more autonomy to act proactively and innovatively. This thesis explores the hospital middle managers’ perception of and responses to public management reforms (in particular, hospital autonomy) in England and Iran. In order to meet the aims of the thesis, research was undertaken within the interpretative paradigm, in line with social constructivism. Data were collected from interviews with forty-five middle managers, observational fieldwork and documentary analysis across four teaching university hospitals in England and Iran. The findings show the different ways middle managers’ autonomy is constrained in the two countries. In England, middle managers have financial and human recourses, but their autonomy is constrained by government policy and targets. In Iran, middle managers are less constrained by government policy and targets, but they do not have financial and human resources to exercise autonomy. Unbalanced autonomy causes tension and frustration for middle managers. According to neo-institutional theory, organisations are deeply embedded within social, political, economic and normative settings that exert isomorphic and internal population-level pressures to conform to existing and established modes of operation. Health systems which are seeking to devolve autonomy to middle managers must appreciate the multidimensional nature of the autonomy, as well as the wider environment that organisations are embedded, if they are about to improve the performance of managers and their organisations. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=autonomy" title="autonomy">autonomy</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=healthcare%20organisations" title=" healthcare organisations"> healthcare organisations</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=middle%20managers" title=" middle managers"> middle managers</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=new%20public%20management" title=" new public management"> new public management</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/53964/autonomy-in-healthcare-organisations-a-comparative-case-study-of-middle-managers-in-england-and-iran" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/53964.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">310</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1606</span> Analyzing Middle Actors' Influence on Land Use Policy: A Case Study in Central Kalimantan, Indonesia</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Kevin%20Soubly">Kevin Soubly</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Kaysara%20Khatun"> Kaysara Khatun</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> This study applies the existing Middle-Out Perspective (MOP) as a complementing analytical alternative to the customary dichotomous options of top-down vs. bottom-up strategies of international development and commons governance. It expands the framework by applying it to a new context of land management and environmental change, enabling fresh understandings of decision making around land use. Using a case study approach in Central Kalimantan, Indonesia among a village of indigenous Dayak, this study explores influences from both internal and external middle actors, utilizing qualitative empirical evidence and incorporating responses across 25 village households and 11 key stakeholders. Applying the factors of 'agency' and 'capacity' specific to the MOP, this study demonstrates middle actors’ unique capabilities and criticality to change due to their influence across various levels of decision-making. Study results indicate that middle actors play a large role, both passively and actively, both directly and indirectly, across various levels of decision-making, perception-shaping, and commons governance. In addition, the prominence of novel 'passive' middle actors, such as the internet, can provide communities themselves with a level of agency beyond that provided by other middle actors such as NGOs and palm oil industry entities – which often operate at the behest of the 'top' or out of self-interest. Further, the study posits that existing development and decision-making frameworks may misidentify the 'bottom' as the 'middle,' raising questions about traditional development and livelihood discourse, strategies, and support, from agricultural production to forest management. In conclusion, this study provides recommendations including that current policy preconceptions be reevaluated to engage middle actors in locally-adapted, integrative manners in order to improve governance and rural development efforts more broadly. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=environmental%20management" title="environmental management">environmental management</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=governance" title=" governance"> governance</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Indonesia" title=" Indonesia"> Indonesia</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=land%20use" title=" land use"> land use</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=middle%20actors" title=" middle actors"> middle actors</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=middle-out%20perspective" title=" middle-out perspective "> middle-out perspective </a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/108662/analyzing-middle-actors-influence-on-land-use-policy-a-case-study-in-central-kalimantan-indonesia" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/108662.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">115</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1605</span> The Development of a School-Based Wellbeing Programme to Enhance the Social Functioning of Learners in Middle Childhood</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Soretha%20Beets">Soretha Beets</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Izanette%20Van%20Schalkwyk"> Izanette Van Schalkwyk</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Doret%20K.%20Kirsten"> Doret K. Kirsten</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Children in middle childhood are exposed to various risks, for example, risks associated with poverty and/or dysfunctional families, that may threaten their social functioning. The aim of this study was to develop and design a programme that can be presented to children in middle childhood in order to enhance their social functioning towards better wellbeing. The skills and competencies needed to be included in the programme were identified by means of a literature review and 4 focus groups with educators from 4 sub-areas in a certain district in the North-West Province of South Africa. The programme consists of 8 sessions, presented in a certain order. The sessions cover the following aspects: self-esteem and gratitude, self-regulation and goal-setting, values and relationships, communication and listening, conflict management, emotional competence, and resilient coping. These aspects may benefit children in the middle child’s wellbeing and live on the short-term and may also hold long-term benefits. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=middle%20childhood" title="middle childhood">middle childhood</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=programme%20development" title=" programme development"> programme development</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=social%20functioning" title=" social functioning"> social functioning</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=wellbeing" title=" wellbeing"> wellbeing</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/96349/the-development-of-a-school-based-wellbeing-programme-to-enhance-the-social-functioning-of-learners-in-middle-childhood" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/96349.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">159</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1604</span> Civil-Military Relations in Turkey, Europe, and Middle East</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Dorsa%20Bakhshandehgeyazdi">Dorsa Bakhshandehgeyazdi</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> This article tries to comprehend the change of Turkish common military relations in an analogical viewpoint. The investigation is taking into account two criteria: institutional / legitimate systems and political oversight of the military's self-sufficiency. Examination of European furthermore, Middle Eastern common military relations models to the Turkish ideal model discloses grave contrasts in the middle of Turkish and Middle Eastern common military relations. The Turkish model in change for not less than 10 years is closer to the European show in both lawful and political perspectives. However, the article underscores that Turkish common military relations are still in change and despite the fact that the EU increase procedure has continuously democratized the legitimate arrangement of the nation, law based combining obliges further advances in the political area. A the result, stabilization in Turkey depends not just on withdrawing of the military from the political domain, additionally on the best possible civilization of the administration in hypothesis and practice. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Turkish%20common%20military" title="Turkish common military">Turkish common military</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=institutional" title=" institutional"> institutional</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=legitimate%20systems" title=" legitimate systems"> legitimate systems</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=political%20oversight" title=" political oversight"> political oversight</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=middle%20Eastern%20common%20military" title=" middle Eastern common military"> middle Eastern common military</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/32407/civil-military-relations-in-turkey-europe-and-middle-east" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/32407.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">470</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1603</span> Roles Currently Played by Educational Middle Leaders</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Elaine%20Marta%20Pereira%20Aaltonen">Elaine Marta Pereira Aaltonen</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Effective school leadership materialised in educational settings through the high standard professional performance of senior and middle leaders, has increasingly become an education policy priority around the world due to a wide recognition that schools need knowledgeable, skilled, and committed leaders, along with great teachers, in order to ensure outstanding education at all levels of schooling. The scope of this paper is the work of middle leaders, whose direct influence on teachers and classroom teaching, thus, on student learning outcomes, is a key component for successful school systems. It particularly aims at sharing some of the findings obtained through an academic study recently carried out by the same researcher, which was focused on enhancing understanding about aspects related to the professional performance of educational middle leaders, applied to the context of the lower elementary school division of a private mainstream school located in Brazil. The master´s dissertation findings included identifying the roles performed by a team of educational middle leaders throughout the year of 2021, as well as gaining insights on their perceptions about the roles performed, both through an electronic questionnaire and individual face-to-face interviews. Not only the roles of the middle leaders who participated in the research have been identified through the qualitative case study undertaken, but additional research finding lying within the sphere of the categorisation of such roles, based upon coherent domains of practice, has possibly been made. Hence, the main purpose of this paper is to outline the findings concerning the current roles played by educational middle leaders. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=roles" title="roles">roles</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=middle%20leaders" title=" middle leaders"> middle leaders</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=educational%20leadership" title=" educational leadership"> educational leadership</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=school%20leadership" title=" school leadership"> school leadership</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=and%20management" title=" and management"> and management</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/149200/roles-currently-played-by-educational-middle-leaders" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/149200.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">104</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1602</span> A Systematic Review on Assistive Technology Robotics in Lower and Middle-Income Settings</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Sumudu%20Sameera%20Perera%20Kimmantudawage">Sumudu Sameera Perera Kimmantudawage</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Chapal%20Khasnabis"> Chapal Khasnabis</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Technology is changing at a rapid rate, with innovations in robotics being hailed and tested in countries such as Japan, the United States and Australia, however the conversation in a public health context is stagnant. While obvious barriers to robotics use in low and middle-income countries and regions exist, the avoidance of attempting to address these regions of the world may potentially lead to an ever-increasing divide between those of high income countries and those of less. A systematic review was undertaken to determine the number of projects involving research, development and testing of robotics considered low and middle-income regions. Major findings indicate that an overwhelmingly significant number of projects failed to consider low and middle-income countries or regions. These results are unsurprising however alarming, as bridging the divide is an important step forward in achieving the UN Sustainable Development Goals by 2030. It is hoped that this research would spawn future robotics research that focusses on lower and middle-income regions. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=assistive%20technology" title="assistive technology">assistive technology</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=health%20equality" title=" health equality"> health equality</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=robotics" title=" robotics"> robotics</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=socioeconomic" title=" socioeconomic"> socioeconomic</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/72918/a-systematic-review-on-assistive-technology-robotics-in-lower-and-middle-income-settings" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/72918.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">235</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1601</span> Mediation of the Middle Eastern Crises and Economic Growth: An Application of Times Series Analysis</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Gokhan%20Erkal">Gokhan Erkal</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Gulsen%20Aydin"> Gulsen Aydin</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Muge%20Yuce"> Muge Yuce</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Lokman%20Sahin"> Lokman Sahin</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> This study aims to analyze the impacts of involving in mediation of conflicts in the Middle East from the perspective of the economic growth of the mediators. The Middle East is a highly volatile region of the world with rampant crises whose affects spill beyond its borders. Therefore, management and resolution of the conflicts in the region are of great significance. Mediation is an instrument used for abating violence and settling dispute. The recourse to mediation has grown to an important degree in recent years. However, for mediators, it is a daunting task to involve in the mediation of the deadlocks in the Middle East. This study tries to shed light on the positive correlation between economic growth of the mediator and the successful outcome of the mediation process to provide motivation for mediators. To this end, first, it briefly introduces the conflicts ongoing in the region and their negative impacts. Second, the methodology, time series analysis, and the data to be used, International Crisis Behavior Project Data, are presented. Third, the empirical test is carried out and the findings are evaluated. The conclusion highlights the benefits of successful mediation for the economic growth of the mediators of Middle Eastern crises. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=international%20crises" title="international crises">international crises</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=mediation" title=" mediation"> mediation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Middle%20East" title=" Middle East"> Middle East</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=times%20series%20analysis" title=" times series analysis"> times series analysis</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/91283/mediation-of-the-middle-eastern-crises-and-economic-growth-an-application-of-times-series-analysis" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/91283.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">175</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1600</span> Design of Middleware for Mobile Group Control in Physical Proximity</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Moon-Tak%20Oh">Moon-Tak Oh</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Kyung-Min%20Park"> Kyung-Min Park</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Tae-Eun%20Yoon"> Tae-Eun Yoon</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Hoon%20Choi"> Hoon Choi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Chil-Woo%20Lee"> Chil-Woo Lee</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> This paper is about middle-ware which enables group-user applications on mobile devices in physical proximity to interact with other devices without intervention of a central server. Requirements of the middle-ware are identified from service usage scenarios, and the functional architecture of the middle-ware is specified. These requirements include group management, synchronization, and resource management. Group Management needs to provide various capabilities to such applications with respect to managing multiple users (e.g., creation of groups, discovery of group or individual users, member join/leave, election of a group manager and service-group association) using D2D communication technology. We designed the middle-ware for the above requirements on the Android platform. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=group%20user" title="group user">group user</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=middleware" title=" middleware"> middleware</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=mobile%20service" title=" mobile service"> mobile service</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=physical%20proximity" title=" physical proximity"> physical proximity</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/2331/design-of-middleware-for-mobile-group-control-in-physical-proximity" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/2331.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">506</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1599</span> Gloria Naylor's Linden Hills: A Fine Description of Burdens and Misguided Notions of the Middle Black Community</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Kalluru%20Maheswaramma">Kalluru Maheswaramma</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Putta%20Padma"> Putta Padma</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> This study makes an attempt to demonstrate the wondrous world of the upwardly middle black community in Gloria Naylor’s Linden Hills. Gloria Naylor’s first novel The Women of Brewster Place is about the working class and Linden Hills about middle-class Black America. Naylor believes their serenity that is lost in the middle or working class black people as they move into the upper patriarchal society. Naylor challenges the different forms of superiority, homophobia, and chauvinism, interracial bias, and the like, which plague a community so significantly trying to be acceptable in the larger white community. In an ironic twist, Naylor creates characters that recognize their desire for a solid black community but who in reality ignore blackness and negate any emergent sign of its development. Linden Hills is an expose of the wealthy and spiritually dissolute upper class. Linden Hills is an examination of an upper-middle-class African American community in which women are largely exploited or invisible and in which men have, in the course of upward mobility, sacrificed their racial identity and their essence. Linden Hills is a social world, which includes firm stratification, false values, and an immobilizing impact on its residents. Touching a brief note upon the origin and development of African American Literature as well a note on the chosen writer and her works, the paper proceeds to depict the middle-class black community of Linden Hills. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=gloria%20naylor" title="gloria naylor">gloria naylor</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=linden%20hills" title=" linden hills"> linden hills</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=African%20American%20community" title=" African American community"> African American community</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=the%20middle%20black%20community" title=" the middle black community"> the middle black community</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/31893/gloria-naylors-linden-hills-a-fine-description-of-burdens-and-misguided-notions-of-the-middle-black-community" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/31893.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">564</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1598</span> The Results of the Research and Documentation of Early Middle Ages Sites in the North-West Poland</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Wojciech%20Kulesza">Wojciech Kulesza</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The north-western part of the Poland, specifically West Pomerania and Lubuskie provinces, from several years are the subject of research of the Department of Archaeology of Early Middle Ages of Institute of Archaeology of Nicolaus Copernicus University in Toruń. This area has a dense network of rivers and numerous lakes, where many of them are connected to the southern part of the Baltic Sea. During the many years of research in this area, archaeologists discovered the remains of the early Middle Ages settlement located on several islands and in most cases were encountered relics of early Middle Ages bridges linking those islands with the mainland. During the excavation, work was carried out both under water and on land for the accurate identification of islands and adjacent to them underwater areas. The result of this work is a graphic documentation, made in a three-dimensional technique, not only for the underwater trenches but also relics of bridges and objects discovered during exploration, which as the main theme will be presented in the full presentation. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Poland" title="Poland">Poland</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=underwater%20archaeology" title=" underwater archaeology"> underwater archaeology</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Nicolaus%20Copernicus%20University" title=" Nicolaus Copernicus University"> Nicolaus Copernicus University</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=early%20middle%20ages" title=" early middle ages"> early middle ages</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/62112/the-results-of-the-research-and-documentation-of-early-middle-ages-sites-in-the-north-west-poland" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/62112.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">245</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1597</span> Towards a Model of Support in the Areas of Services of Educational Assistance and Mentoring in Middle Education in Mexico</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Margarita%20Zavala">Margarita Zavala</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Gabriel%20Chavira"> Gabriel Chavira</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Jos%C3%A9%20Gonz%C3%A1lez"> José González</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Jorge%20Orozco"> Jorge Orozco</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Julio%20Rol%C3%B3n"> Julio Rolón</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Roberto%20Pichardo"> Roberto Pichardo </a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Adolescence is a neuralgic stage in the formation of every human being, generally this stage is when the middle school level is studied. In 2006, Mexico incorporated 'mentoring' space to assist students in their integration and participation in life. In public middle schools, it is sometimes difficult to be aware of situations that affect students because of the number of them and traditional records management. With this, they lose the opportunity to provide timely support as a preventive way. In order to provide this support, it is required to know the students by detecting the relevant information that has greater impact on their learning process. This research is looking to check if it is possible to identify student’s relevant information to detect when it is at risk, and then to propose a model to manage in a proper way such information. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=adolescence" title="adolescence">adolescence</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=mentoring" title=" mentoring"> mentoring</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=middle%20school%20students" title=" middle school students"> middle school students</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=mentoring%20system%20support" title=" mentoring system support"> mentoring system support</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/8681/towards-a-model-of-support-in-the-areas-of-services-of-educational-assistance-and-mentoring-in-middle-education-in-mexico" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/8681.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">480</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1596</span> Towards a Model of Support in the Areas of Services of Educational Assistance and Tutoring in Middle Education in Mexico</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Margarita%20Zavala">Margarita Zavala</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Julio%20Rol%C3%B3n"> Julio Rolón</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Gabriel%20Chavira"> Gabriel Chavira</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Jos%C3%A9%20Gonz%C3%A1lez"> José González</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Jorge%20Orozco"> Jorge Orozco</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Roberto%20Pichardo"> Roberto Pichardo</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Adolescence is a neuralgic stage in the formation of every human being, generally at this stage is when the middle school level is studied. In 2006 in Mexico incorporated “mentoring" space to assist students in their integration and participation in life. In public middle schools, is sometimes difficult to be aware of situations that affect students because of the number of them and traditional records management. Whit this they lose the opportunity to provide timely support as a preventive way. In order to provide this support, it is required to know the students by detecting the relevant information that has greater impact on their learning process. This research is looking to check if it is possible to identify student’s relevant information to detect when it is at risk, and then to propose a model to manage in a proper way such information. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=adolescence" title="adolescence">adolescence</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=mentoring" title=" mentoring"> mentoring</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=middle%20school%20students" title=" middle school students"> middle school students</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=mentoring%20system%20support" title=" mentoring system support"> mentoring system support</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/11203/towards-a-model-of-support-in-the-areas-of-services-of-educational-assistance-and-tutoring-in-middle-education-in-mexico" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/11203.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">420</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1595</span> Examining the Influence of Organisational Culture on Middle Leadership in Primary Schools in Saudi Arabia and United Kingdom</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Saeed%20Musaid%20Alzahrani">Saeed Musaid Alzahrani</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Shared values, beliefs, norms and assumptions within the organisation can affect personal and team effectiveness. Organisational culture can also affect the performance of organisational members. The nature of middle leadership in a primary school is largely influenced by organizational culture. The effectiveness of middle leadership in primary schools and their performance is strongly determined by the circumstances in which they work and can be political or institutional. This study aims to examine the influence of organisational culture and government policy on the performance and effectiveness of middle managers, using the English and Saudi education systems as case studies. To examine how education policy conditions educational discourse, and answer the research questions, there is a need to collect qualitative data on middle manager’s perceptions and experiences in the English and Saudi Arabian contexts. The study involved a qualitative and interpretative approach. In-depth interviews with 6 middle managers and school supervisors in 3 English primary schools and 6 middle managers in 3 Saudi Arabian primary schools were conducted to answer the research questions. The study also included ethnographic tools such as observations of a sample of three primary schools in both England and Saudi Arabia where the researcher observed middle managers’ interactions with their peers. The sample of three enabled the study to identify trends and make comparisons between leadership approaches in both systems based on observations without the bias of prescriptions. The use of ethnographic tools not only makes the study empirical but also increases the reliability and validity of the findings by reducing prescriptive bias. The observations will be triangulated with the results of the interviews to draw comparisons and conclusions on whether middle managers act as leaders or as followers in their respective political contexts. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=education%20management" title="education management">education management</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=government%20education%20policies" title=" government education policies"> government education policies</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=middle%20managers" title=" middle managers"> middle managers</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=organisational%20culture" title=" organisational culture"> organisational culture</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/65448/examining-the-influence-of-organisational-culture-on-middle-leadership-in-primary-schools-in-saudi-arabia-and-united-kingdom" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/65448.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">240</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1594</span> Balancing Act: Political Dynamics of Economic and Climatological Security in the Politics of the Middle East</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Zahra%20Bakhtiari">Zahra Bakhtiari</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Middle East countries confront a multitude of main environmental challenges which are inevitable. The unstable economic and political structure which dominates numerous middle East countries makes it difficult to react effectively to unfavorable climate change impacts. This study applies a qualitative methodology and relies on secondary literature aimed to investigate how countries in the Middle East are balancing economic security and climatic security in terms of budgeting, infrastructure investment, political engagement (domestically through discourses or internationally in terms of participation in international organizations or bargaining, etc.) There has been provided an outline of innovative measures in both economic and environmental fields that are in progress in the Middle East countries and what capacity they have for economic development and environmental adaptation, as well as what has already been performed. The primary outcome is that countries that rely more on infrastructure investment such as negative emissions technologies (NET) through green social capital enterprises and political engagement, especially nationally determined contributions (NDCs) commitments and United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC), experience more economic and climatological security balance in the Middle East. Since implementing these measures is not the same in all countries in the region, we see different levels of balance between climate security and economic security. The overall suggestion is that the collaboration of both the bottom-up and top-down approaches helps create strategic environmental strategies which are in line with the economic circumstances of each country and creates the desired balance. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=climate%20change" title="climate change">climate change</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=economic%20growth" title=" economic growth"> economic growth</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=sustainability" title=" sustainability"> sustainability</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=the%20Middle%20East" title=" the Middle East"> the Middle East</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=green%20economy" title=" green economy"> green economy</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=renewable%20energy" title=" renewable energy"> renewable energy</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/158457/balancing-act-political-dynamics-of-economic-and-climatological-security-in-the-politics-of-the-middle-east" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/158457.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">81</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1593</span> International Student Recruitment in Higher Education: A Comparative Study of the Countries in the Middle East</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ali%20Arabkheradmand">Ali Arabkheradmand</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Enayat%20A.%20Shabani"> Enayat A. Shabani</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Shabnam%20Ranjbar%20Nikkhoo"> Shabnam Ranjbar Nikkhoo</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Historical and ancestral bonds of the countries in the Middle East have led to similarities in culture and context of their societies. In addition, economic resources, such as the oil industry, have generally been an integrative point in the region. Higher education of a country is influenced by different national and international factors and regarding the mentioned bonds, it is inviting to study the development of the countries of the Middle East in higher education and draw some practical implications which can be used in the educational policy-making of the region. This review includes a data analysis on the population of international students in the countries of the Middle East. As its second objective, a review study on the successful countries, that is those which host the highest number of international students and the strategies they have developed to reach this state among the countries of the region has been conducted. Suggestions are made as to the strategies in higher education systems of these countries which could prove useful and practical in the development of internationalization of higher education in the region, specifically with regard to the recruitment of international students. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=internationalization%20of%20higher%20education" title="internationalization of higher education">internationalization of higher education</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=international%20student%20recruitment" title=" international student recruitment"> international student recruitment</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Middle%20East%20countries" title=" Middle East countries"> Middle East countries</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=educational%20policy%20making" title=" educational policy making "> educational policy making </a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/16981/international-student-recruitment-in-higher-education-a-comparative-study-of-the-countries-in-the-middle-east" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/16981.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">388</span> </span> </div> </div> <ul class="pagination"> <li class="page-item disabled"><span class="page-link">&lsaquo;</span></li> <li class="page-item active"><span class="page-link">1</span></li> <li class="page-item"><a class="page-link" href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=middle%20age&page=2">2</a></li> <li class="page-item"><a class="page-link" href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=middle%20age&page=3">3</a></li> <li class="page-item"><a class="page-link" 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