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<span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span><i>Balanzoni</i> (type of pasta)</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Balanzoni_(type_of_pasta)-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>See also</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Bibliography" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Bibliography"> <div 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Available in 12 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-12" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">12 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%94%D0%BE%D1%82%D0%BE%D1%80_%D0%91%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B4%D0%B7%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B5" title="Дотор Баландзоне – Bulgarian" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Дотор Баландзоне" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dottore_(Theater)" title="Dottore (Theater) – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Dottore (Theater)" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eml mw-list-item"><a href="https://eml.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dut%C3%A5ur_Balanz%C3%A5n" title="Dutåur Balanzån – Emiliano-Romagnolo" lang="egl" hreflang="egl" data-title="Dutåur Balanzån" data-language-autonym="Emiliàn e rumagnòl" data-language-local-name="Emiliano-Romagnolo" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Emiliàn e rumagnòl</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Il_Dottore" title="Il Dottore – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Il Dottore" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Docteur_(commedia_dell%27arte)" title="Docteur (commedia dell'arte) – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Docteur (commedia dell'arte)" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Balanzone" title="Balanzone – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Balanzone" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dottore" title="Dottore – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Dottore" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dottore" title="Dottore – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Dottore" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Il_Dottore" title="Il Dottore – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Il Dottore" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%94%D0%BE%D0%BA%D1%82%D0%BE%D1%80_(%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%B8%D1%8F_%D0%B4%D0%B5%D0%BB%D1%8C_%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%82%D0%B5)" title="Доктор (комедия дель арте) – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Доктор (комедия дель арте)" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dottore" title="Dottore – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Dottore" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%94%D0%BE%D0%BA%D1%82%D0%BE%D1%80_(%D0%BC%D0%B0%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0)" title="Доктор (маска) – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Доктор (маска)" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a 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data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">"Dottore" redirects here. For the Italian honorific, see <a href="/wiki/Italian_honorifics#Work/profession-related_titles" title="Italian honorifics">Italian honorifics § Work/profession-related titles</a>.</div> <p class="mw-empty-elt"> </p><p><b>Il Dottore</b> (<style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1177148991">.mw-parser-output .IPA-label-small{font-size:85%}.mw-parser-output .references .IPA-label-small,.mw-parser-output .infobox .IPA-label-small,.mw-parser-output .navbox .IPA-label-small{font-size:100%}</style><span class="IPA-label IPA-label-small">Italian:</span> <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="it-Latn-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Italian" title="Help:IPA/Italian">[il<span class="wrap"> </span>dotˈtoːre]</a></span>; <abbr style="font-size:85%" title="literal translation">lit.</abbr><span style="white-space: nowrap;"> </span><span class="gloss-quot">'</span><span class="gloss-text">the Doctor</span><span class="gloss-quot">'</span>), most commonly known in <a href="/wiki/Italian_language" title="Italian language">Italian</a> as <i>Dottor Balan</i> or simply <i>Balanzone</i> (<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1177148991" /><span class="IPA-label IPA-label-small">Italian:</span> <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="it-Latn-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Italian" title="Help:IPA/Italian">[balanˈtsoːne]</a></span>; <a href="/wiki/Bolognese_dialect" title="Bolognese dialect">Bolognese</a> <a href="/wiki/Emilian_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Emilian language">Emilian</a>: <i lang="egl">Dutåur Balanzån</i>), is a <a href="/wiki/Commedia_dell%27arte" title="Commedia dell'arte">commedia dell'arte</a> <a href="/wiki/Stock_character" title="Stock character">stock character</a>, in one <a href="/wiki/Scenario" title="Scenario">scenario</a> being an obstacle to young lovers. Il Dottore and <a href="/wiki/Pantalone" title="Pantalone">Pantalone</a> are the <a href="/wiki/Double_act" title="Double act">comic foils</a> of each other, Pantalone being the decadent wealthy merchant, and il Dottore being the decadent erudite.<sup id="cite_ref-HenkeRoles_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-HenkeRoles-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He has been part of the main canon of characters since the mid-16th century.<sup id="cite_ref-Jordan_2015_62_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Jordan_2015_62-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Overview">Overview</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Il_Dottore&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Overview"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Il Dottore was born in the city of <a href="/wiki/Bologna" title="Bologna">Bologna</a>, Italy. He is comically inept. He is usually extremely rich, although the needs of the scenario might have things otherwise, and extremely pompous, loving the sound of his own voice and spouting <a href="/wiki/Ersatz_good" title="Ersatz good">ersatz</a> <a href="/wiki/Latin" title="Latin">Latin</a> and <a href="/wiki/Ancient_Greek" title="Ancient Greek">Greek</a>, il Dottore is known to be overly self loving and greedy. His interaction in the play is usually mostly with <a href="/wiki/Pantalone" title="Pantalone">Pantalone</a>, either as a friend, mentor or competitor. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="History">History</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Il_Dottore&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: History"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Il Dottore first originated as the <a href="/wiki/Double_act" title="Double act">comic foil</a> of Pantalone. The character has his performance origins in the year 1560 with the actor Lucio Burchiella;<sup id="cite_ref-Sand_1915_31_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Sand_1915_31-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> two other mentions follow soon after, with a pair of <span title="Italian-language text"><i lang="it">vecchi</i></span> being mentioned in the year 1565,<sup id="cite_ref-Jordan_2015_62_2-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Jordan_2015_62-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and another mention of <i>Dottore Gracian</i> in 1574.<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Since his introduction, he has existed in some form or other due to his popularity and interactions with Pantalone;<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> however, his popularity did wane in Italy by the 1800s.<sup id="cite_ref-Sand_1915_31_3-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Sand_1915_31-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He has gone by many names besides il Dottore, those being <i>Dottore Gratiano</i>, <i>Dottore Baloardo</i> ("Dr. Dolt"), <i>Dottore Spaccastrummolo</i> ("Dr. Hack-and-Bandage"),<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <i>Dottore Scarpazon</i>, and <i>Dottore Forbizone</i> ("Dr. Large Scissor"). His many names reflect his <a href="/wiki/Buffoon" class="mw-redirect" title="Buffoon">buffoonish</a> nature, and call attention to his positive traits.<sup id="cite_ref-:1_7-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:1-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Il Dottore migrates to <a href="/wiki/France" title="France">France</a> with the <a href="/wiki/I_Gelosi" title="I Gelosi">Gelosi</a> troupe during the year 1572, still performed by Lucio Burchiella.<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Since <a href="/wiki/Commedia_dell%27arte" title="Commedia dell'arte">commedia dell'arte</a> performers were itinerant by nature, it is only natural that his character was transplanted to other countries. By the late 17th century, il Dottore was firmly embedded in the public eye, as evidenced by the playwright <a href="/wiki/Moli%C3%A8re" title="Molière">Molière</a>'s inclusion of a Docteur-style character in his play <i><a href="/w/index.php?title=La_Jalousie_du_Barbouill%C3%A9&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="La Jalousie du Barbouillé (page does not exist)">La Jalousie du Barbouillé</a><span class="noprint" style="font-size:85%; font-style: normal;"> [<a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/La_Jalousie_du_Barbouill%C3%A9" class="extiw" title="fr:La Jalousie du Barbouillé">fr</a>]</span></i>.<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In contemporary media, il Dottore can be found in many common characters, such as <a href="/wiki/Sheldon_Cooper" title="Sheldon Cooper">Sheldon</a> from <i><a href="/wiki/The_Big_Bang_Theory" title="The Big Bang Theory">The Big Bang Theory</a></i><sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and <a href="/wiki/Zoidberg" title="Zoidberg">Dr. Zoidberg</a> from <i><a href="/wiki/Futurama" title="Futurama">Futurama</a></i>.<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Characteristics">Characteristics</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Il_Dottore&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Characteristics"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><a href="/wiki/Obesity" title="Obesity">Rotund</a>, il Dottore is fond of drink and food, but he loves chocolate the most. Il Dottore is also fond of girls. However, he is untruthful and gets caught cheating several times; he is a love rat. Il Dottore is representative of the learned intellectual class, and as such is meant to playfully parody the educated elite.<sup id="cite_ref-Oreglia_1961_84_12-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Oreglia_1961_84-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He attended the University of Bologna, and pretends to be an expert in many subjects, talking constantly, but usually having no idea about that of which he speaks.<sup id="cite_ref-:2_13-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:2-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Depending on the portrayal, however, he can actually be very educated, and bore the other players into leaving the stage.<sup id="cite_ref-:3_14-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:3-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The preferred crowd favorite, however, is il Dottore who speaks nonsense.<sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Il Dottore walks with his chest up, knees bent, and with a bouncy movement, taking small steps;<sup id="cite_ref-:0_16-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> he <a href="/wiki/Gesture" title="Gesture">gesticulates</a> with his hands and fingers, making room around him by keeping others at bay.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_16-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-:4_17-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:4-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He stands in one position and plants himself to make a point.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_16-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Il Dottore can be the father to one of the <i><a href="/wiki/Innamorati" title="Innamorati">innamorati</a></i>, usually either <a href="/wiki/Columbina" class="mw-redirect" title="Columbina">Columbine</a> or <a href="/wiki/Isabella_(commedia_dell%27arte)" title="Isabella (commedia dell'arte)">Isabella</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Oreglia_1961_84_12-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Oreglia_1961_84-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Sand_1915_32_18-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Sand_1915_32-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> There are, however, existing scenarios in which il Dottore is not a father, specifically "the Tooth-Puller", or il Cavadente.<sup id="cite_ref-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> There is also precedence for il Dottore to be <a href="/wiki/Cuckold" title="Cuckold">cuckolded</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Dottore%27s_Mask.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/71/Dottore%27s_Mask.jpg/168px-Dottore%27s_Mask.jpg" decoding="async" width="168" height="187" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/71/Dottore%27s_Mask.jpg/253px-Dottore%27s_Mask.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/71/Dottore%27s_Mask.jpg/337px-Dottore%27s_Mask.jpg 2x" data-file-width="354" data-file-height="393" /></a><figcaption>Traditional one-third mask of il Dottore</figcaption></figure> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Mask_and_costume">Mask and costume</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Il_Dottore&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Mask and costume"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Unlike the majority of half masks in <a href="/wiki/Commedia_dell%27arte" title="Commedia dell'arte">commedia dell'arte</a>, il Dottore's mask is unique in that it is a one-third mask; the mask itself is meant to be a parody of a Bolognese jurisconsult.<sup id="cite_ref-:3_14-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:3-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-:0_16-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The actor's cheeks may sometimes have <a href="/wiki/Rouge_(cosmetics)" title="Rouge (cosmetics)">rouge</a> applied to imply that il Dottore is fond of drinking.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_16-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> His costume is usually all or mostly black and he frequently wears a black felt hat with long, trailing robes.<sup id="cite_ref-:2_13-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:2-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-:4_17-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:4-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Under his black robes are shorter black robes and black shoes.<sup id="cite_ref-Sand_1915_32_18-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Sand_1915_32-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The <a href="/wiki/Ruff_(clothing)" title="Ruff (clothing)">ruff</a> around il Dottore's neck didn't come into play until his popularity in France grew, at which point it was adopted in 1653 by Agostino Lolli. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Balanzoni_(type_of_pasta)"><span id="Balanzoni_.28type_of_pasta.29"></span><i>Balanzoni</i> (type of pasta)</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Il_Dottore&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Balanzoni (type of pasta)"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1251242444">.mw-parser-output .ambox{border:1px solid #a2a9b1;border-left:10px solid #36c;background-color:#fbfbfb;box-sizing:border-box}.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+link+.ambox{margin-top:-1px}html body.mediawiki .mw-parser-output .ambox.mbox-small-left{margin:4px 1em 4px 0;overflow:hidden;width:238px;border-collapse:collapse;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em}.mw-parser-output .ambox-speedy{border-left:10px solid #b32424;background-color:#fee7e6}.mw-parser-output .ambox-delete{border-left:10px solid #b32424}.mw-parser-output .ambox-content{border-left:10px solid #f28500}.mw-parser-output .ambox-style{border-left:10px solid #fc3}.mw-parser-output .ambox-move{border-left:10px solid #9932cc}.mw-parser-output .ambox-protection{border-left:10px solid #a2a9b1}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-text{border:none;padding:0.25em 0.5em;width:100%}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image{border:none;padding:2px 0 2px 0.5em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-imageright{border:none;padding:2px 0.5em 2px 0;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-empty-cell{border:none;padding:0;width:1px}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image-div{width:52px}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .ambox{margin:0 10%}}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .ambox{display:none!important}}</style><table class="box-Unreferenced_section plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-content ambox-Unreferenced" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><div class="mbox-image-div"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Question_book-new.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/50px-Question_book-new.svg.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="39" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/75px-Question_book-new.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/100px-Question_book-new.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="399" /></a></span></div></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span">This section <b>does not <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citing_sources" title="Wikipedia:Citing sources">cite</a> any <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability" title="Wikipedia:Verifiability">sources</a></b>.<span class="hide-when-compact"> Please help <a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Il_Dottore" title="Special:EditPage/Il Dottore">improve this section</a> by <a href="/wiki/Help:Referencing_for_beginners" title="Help:Referencing for beginners">adding citations to reliable sources</a>. Unsourced material may be challenged and <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability#Burden_of_evidence" title="Wikipedia:Verifiability">removed</a>.</span> <span class="date-container"><i>(<span class="date">September 2024</span>)</i></span><span class="hide-when-compact"><i> (<small><a href="/wiki/Help:Maintenance_template_removal" title="Help:Maintenance template removal">Learn how and when to remove this message</a></small>)</i></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <p><i>Balanzoni</i> is a type of <a href="/wiki/Pasta" title="Pasta">pasta</a> originating in the Italian city of <a href="/wiki/Bologna" title="Bologna">Bologna</a>, named after the renowned Bolognese mask. This fresh green pasta, colored by spinach in the dough, resembles <a href="/wiki/Tortellini" title="Tortellini">tortellini</a> in shape and is filled with <a href="/wiki/Ricotta" title="Ricotta">ricotta</a> and <a href="/wiki/Mortadella" title="Mortadella">mortadella</a>, leading some to call them <i>tortelli matti</i> (<abbr style="font-size:85%" title="literal translation">lit.</abbr><span style="white-space: nowrap;"> </span><span class="gloss-quot">'</span><span class="gloss-text">crazy tortelli</span><span class="gloss-quot">'</span>). The recipe for this dish is relatively recent, dating back to the latter half of the 20th century. It is said that in the post-World War II era, when household economy was crucial and minimizing waste was essential, an enterprising pasta maker used leftover green lasagna dough to create tortelli filled with available kitchen ingredients (ricotta and mortadella). The new pasta shape was named <i>balanzoni</i> to highlight its quintessential Bolognese essence, given its tortellini-like form, green lasagna color, and the use of mortadella, Bologna's most typical sausage.<sup id="cite_ref-21" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Il_Dottore&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Commedia_dell%27arte" title="Commedia dell'arte">Commedia dell'arte</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Il_Dottore&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-HenkeRoles-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-HenkeRoles_1-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFRobert_Henke" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Robert_Henke" title="Robert Henke">Robert Henke</a>. "Improvisation and characters, Individual roles". <i>Performance and literature in the commedia dell'arte</i>. pp. <span class="nowrap">19–</span>24.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Improvisation+and+characters%2C+Individual+roles&rft.btitle=Performance+and+literature+in+the+commedia+dell%27arte&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E19-%3C%2Fspan%3E24&rft.au=Robert+Henke&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIl+Dottore" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Jordan_2015_62-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Jordan_2015_62_2-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Jordan_2015_62_2-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFJordan2015" class="citation book cs1">Jordan, Peter (2015). <i>The Routledge Companion to Commedia dell'Arte</i>. Routledge. p. 62.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Routledge+Companion+to+Commedia+dell%27Arte&rft.pages=62&rft.pub=Routledge&rft.date=2015&rft.aulast=Jordan&rft.aufirst=Peter&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIl+Dottore" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Sand_1915_31-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Sand_1915_31_3-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Sand_1915_31_3-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFSand1915" class="citation book cs1">Sand, Maurice (1915). <i>The History of the Harlequinade</i>. Benjamin Blom, Inc. p. 31.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+History+of+the+Harlequinade&rft.pages=31&rft.pub=Benjamin+Blom%2C+Inc.&rft.date=1915&rft.aulast=Sand&rft.aufirst=Maurice&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIl+Dottore" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFOreglia1961" class="citation book cs1">Oreglia, Giacomo (1961). <i>The Commedia dell'Arte</i>. Sveriges Radio. p. 25.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Commedia+dell%27Arte&rft.pages=25&rft.pub=Sveriges+Radio&rft.date=1961&rft.aulast=Oreglia&rft.aufirst=Giacomo&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIl+Dottore" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFJordan2015" class="citation book cs1">Jordan, Peter (2015). <i>The Routledge Companion to Commedia dell'Arte</i>. 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Routledge. p. 101.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Commedia+dell%27Arte%3A+An+Actor%27s+Handbook&rft.pages=101&rft.pub=Routledge&rft.date=1994&rft.aulast=Rudlin&rft.aufirst=John&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIl+Dottore" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-8">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFSand1915" class="citation book cs1">Sand, Maurice (1915). <i>The History of the Arlechinno</i>. Benjamin Blom, Inc. p. 37.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+History+of+the+Arlechinno&rft.pages=37&rft.pub=Benjamin+Blom%2C+Inc.&rft.date=1915&rft.aulast=Sand&rft.aufirst=Maurice&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIl+Dottore" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-9">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFAndrews2005" class="citation journal cs1">Andrews, Richard (2005). "Moliere, Commedia dell'Arte, and the Question of Influence in Early Modern European Theatre". <i>The Modern Language Review</i>. <b>100</b>: 448.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Modern+Language+Review&rft.atitle=Moliere%2C+Commedia+dell%27Arte%2C+and+the+Question+of+Influence+in+Early+Modern+European+Theatre&rft.volume=100&rft.pages=448&rft.date=2005&rft.aulast=Andrews&rft.aufirst=Richard&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIl+Dottore" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-10">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFTEDx_Talks2015" class="citation cs2">TEDx Talks (30 November 2015), <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=PZFcl3MfgE0"><i>Make 'Em Laugh: Common Ground in Comic Characters | Matthew R. Wilson | TEDxUM</i></a><span class="reference-accessdate">, retrieved <span class="nowrap">10 December</span> 2016</span></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Make+%27Em+Laugh%3A+Common+Ground+in+Comic+Characters+%7C+Matthew+R.+Wilson+%7C+TEDxUM&rft.date=2015-11-30&rft.au=TEDx+Talks&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.youtube.com%2Fwatch%3Fv%3DPZFcl3MfgE0&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIl+Dottore" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-11">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://prezi.com/9agtkt_q2bpa/commedia-in-the-modern-world/">"COMMEDIA in the modern world"</a>. <i>prezi.com</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">10 December</span> 2016</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=prezi.com&rft.atitle=COMMEDIA+in+the+modern+world&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fprezi.com%2F9agtkt_q2bpa%2Fcommedia-in-the-modern-world%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIl+Dottore" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Oreglia_1961_84-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Oreglia_1961_84_12-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Oreglia_1961_84_12-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFOreglia1961" class="citation book cs1">Oreglia, Giacomo (1961). <i>The Commedia dell'Arte</i>. Sveriges Radio. p. 84.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Commedia+dell%27Arte&rft.pages=84&rft.pub=Sveriges+Radio&rft.date=1961&rft.aulast=Oreglia&rft.aufirst=Giacomo&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIl+Dottore" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:2-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:2_13-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:2_13-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFDucharte1966" class="citation book cs1">Ducharte, Pierre Louis (1966). <i>The Italian Comedy</i>. 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Benjamin Blon, Inc. p. 33.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+History+of+the+Harlequinade&rft.pages=33&rft.pub=Benjamin+Blon%2C+Inc.&rft.date=1915&rft.aulast=Sand&rft.aufirst=Maurice&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIl+Dottore" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-15">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFLea1962" class="citation book cs1">Lea, K.M. (1962). <i>Italian Popular Comedy</i>. 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Routledge. p. 100.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Commedia+dell%27Arte%3A+An+Actor%27s+Handbook&rft.pages=100&rft.pub=Routledge&rft.date=1994&rft.aulast=Rudlin&rft.aufirst=John&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIl+Dottore" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:4-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:4_17-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:4_17-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFOreglia1961" class="citation book cs1">Oreglia, Giacomo (1961). <i>The Commedia dell'Arte</i>. 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Benjamin Blom, Inc. p. 32.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+History+of+the+Harlequinade&rft.pages=32&rft.pub=Benjamin+Blom%2C+Inc.&rft.date=1915&rft.aulast=Sand&rft.aufirst=Maurice&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIl+Dottore" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-19"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-19">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFAndrews2008" class="citation book cs1">Andrews, Richard (2008). <i>The Commedia dell'Arte of Flaminio Scala</i>. Scarecrow. p. 62.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Commedia+dell%27Arte+of+Flaminio+Scala&rft.pages=62&rft.pub=Scarecrow&rft.date=2008&rft.aulast=Andrews&rft.aufirst=Richard&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIl+Dottore" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-20"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-20">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFRudlin1994" class="citation book cs1">Rudlin, John (1994). <i>Commedia dell'Arte: An Actor's Handbook</i>. Routledge. p. 99.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Commedia+dell%27Arte%3A+An+Actor%27s+Handbook&rft.pages=99&rft.pub=Routledge&rft.date=1994&rft.aulast=Rudlin&rft.aufirst=John&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIl+Dottore" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-21"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-21">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://cesarine.com/en/blog/cesarine-cookbook/balanzoni-recipe">"Balanzoni: The Recipe and Their History"</a>. <i>cesarine.com</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=cesarine.com&rft.atitle=Balanzoni%3A+The+Recipe+and+Their+History&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fcesarine.com%2Fen%2Fblog%2Fcesarine-cookbook%2Fbalanzoni-recipe&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIl+Dottore" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Bibliography">Bibliography</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Il_Dottore&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Bibliography"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFRudlinOliver_Crick2001" class="citation book cs1">Rudlin, John; Oliver Crick (2001). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=CgMKhwelZzUC&q=the+art+of+commedia"><i>Commedia dell'arte</i></a>. Routledge. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-415-20409-5" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-415-20409-5"><bdi>978-0-415-20409-5</bdi></a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">4 August</span> 2009</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Commedia+dell%27arte&rft.pub=Routledge&rft.date=2001&rft.isbn=978-0-415-20409-5&rft.aulast=Rudlin&rft.aufirst=John&rft.au=Oliver+Crick&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DCgMKhwelZzUC%26q%3Dthe%2Bart%2Bof%2Bcommedia&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIl+Dottore" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><i>The Italian Comedy</i> by Pierre Louis Duchartre.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Il_Dottore&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.american.edu/IRVINE/jenn/dottore.html">Character description of Il Dottore</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20070517002906/http://library.thinkquest.org/C0128680/il_dottore.htm">Thinkquest's page on Il Dottore</a></li></ul>    </div><noscript><img src="https://auth.wikimedia.org/loginwiki/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?useformat=desktop&type=1x1&usesul3=1" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Retrieved from "<a dir="ltr" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Il_Dottore&oldid=1279790381">https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Il_Dottore&oldid=1279790381</a>"</div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface"><div id="mw-normal-catlinks" class="mw-normal-catlinks"><a href="/wiki/Help:Category" title="Help:Category">Categories</a>: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Vecchio_class_characters" title="Category:Vecchio class characters">Vecchio class characters</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Commedia_dell%27arte_characters" title="Category:Commedia dell'arte characters">Commedia dell'arte characters</a></li></ul></div><div id="mw-hidden-catlinks" class="mw-hidden-catlinks mw-hidden-cats-hidden">Hidden categories: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_with_short_description" title="Category:Articles with short description">Articles with short description</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Short_description_matches_Wikidata" title="Category:Short description matches Wikidata">Short description matches Wikidata</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Use_dmy_dates_from_January_2024" title="Category:Use dmy dates from January 2024">Use dmy dates from January 2024</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Pages_with_Italian_IPA" title="Category:Pages with Italian IPA">Pages with Italian IPA</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_containing_Emilian-language_text" title="Category:Articles containing Emilian-language text">Articles containing Emilian-language text</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_containing_Italian-language_text" title="Category:Articles containing Italian-language text">Articles containing Italian-language text</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_needing_additional_references_from_September_2024" title="Category:Articles needing additional references from September 2024">Articles needing additional references from September 2024</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:All_articles_needing_additional_references" title="Category:All articles needing additional references">All articles needing additional references</a></li></ul></div></div> </div> </main> </div> <div class="mw-footer-container"> <footer id="footer" class="mw-footer" > <ul id="footer-info"> <li id="footer-info-lastmod"> This page was last edited on 10 March 2025, at 16:12<span class="anonymous-show"> (UTC)</span>.</li> <li id="footer-info-copyright">Text is available under the <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Text_of_the_Creative_Commons_Attribution-ShareAlike_4.0_International_License" title="Wikipedia:Text of the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License">Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 License</a>; additional terms may apply. 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