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Standard ML – Wikipedia
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margin-top:0; width:21em;"> <tbody><tr> <th colspan="2" class="hintergrundfarbe6" style="font-size:larger;">Standard ML </th></tr> <tr> <td><b><a href="/wiki/Programmierparadigma" title="Programmierparadigma">Paradigmen</a>:</b> </td> <td>funktional </td></tr> <tr> <td><b>Erscheinungsjahr:</b> </td> <td>1990 </td></tr> <tr> <td><b>Entwickler:</b> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Robin_Milner" title="Robin Milner">Robin Milner</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><b>Aktuelle <a href="/wiki/Version_(Software)" title="Version (Software)">Version</a>:</b> </td> <td style="white-space:nowrap;">’97  <small>(1997)</small> </td></tr> <tr> <td><b><a href="/wiki/Typisierung_(Informatik)" title="Typisierung (Informatik)">Typisierung</a>:</b> </td> <td>stark, statisch, implizit </td></tr> <tr> <td><b>Wichtige <a href="/wiki/Implementierung" title="Implementierung">Implementierungen</a>:</b> </td> <td>HaMLet, Moscow ML, MLj, ML Kit, MLton, MLWorks, Poly/ML, Poplog Standard ML, <a href="/wiki/SML/NJ" class="mw-redirect" title="SML/NJ">SML/NJ</a>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://github.com/SOSML/SOSML">SOSML</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><b>Beeinflusst von:</b> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/ML_(Programmiersprache)" title="ML (Programmiersprache)">ML</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><b>Beeinflusste:</b> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Ocaml" class="mw-redirect" title="Ocaml">Ocaml</a>, <a href="/wiki/Haskell_(Programmiersprache)" title="Haskell (Programmiersprache)">Haskell</a>, <a href="/wiki/Rust_(Programmiersprache)" title="Rust (Programmiersprache)">Rust</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" class="hintergrundfarbe5" style="text-align:center;"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.standardml.org/">www.standardml.org</a> </td></tr></tbody></table> <p><b>Standard ML</b> (<b>SML</b>) ist eine von <a href="/wiki/ML_(Programmiersprache)" title="ML (Programmiersprache)">ML</a> abstammende <a href="/wiki/Funktionale_Programmiersprache" class="mw-redirect" title="Funktionale Programmiersprache">funktionale Programmiersprache</a> mit einigen <a href="/wiki/Imperative_Programmierung" title="Imperative Programmierung">imperativen</a> Merkmalen (zum Beispiel im Bereich File IO). </p><p>ML-Schöpfer <a href="/wiki/Robin_Milner" title="Robin Milner">Robin Milner</a> schlug SML 1983 vor, um die verschiedenen Dialekte von ML zu standardisieren. Die Sprache wurde von 1984 bis 1988 entwickelt und schließlich 1990 von Robin Milner, Mads Tofte und Robert Harper formalisiert. 1997 wurde mit SML'97 eine Revision der Sprache veröffentlicht, die neben einigen Vereinfachungen auch eine SML-Basisbibliothek enthält. </p><p>Wichtige Merkmale von SML sind unter anderem die statische <a href="/wiki/Typisierung_(Informatik)" title="Typisierung (Informatik)">Typisierung</a>, <a href="/wiki/Polymorphie_(Programmierung)" title="Polymorphie (Programmierung)">Polymorphie</a> auf Funktions- und Datentypsebene, <a href="/wiki/Automatische_Speicherbereinigung" class="mw-redirect" title="Automatische Speicherbereinigung">automatische Speicherbereinigung</a> sowie strenge Auswertung und <a href="/wiki/Ausnahmebehandlung" title="Ausnahmebehandlung">Ausnahmebehandlung</a>. Außerdem unterstützt SML <a href="/wiki/Funktionen_h%C3%B6herer_Ordnung" class="mw-redirect" title="Funktionen höherer Ordnung">Funktionen höherer Ordnung</a>, Module und sogenannte <a href="/wiki/Funktor" title="Funktor">Funktoren</a>, die hier parametrisierte Datentypen bezeichnen. </p><p>Eine Besonderheit von SML ist, dass die Sprache vollständig formal definiert ist. Dadurch können wichtige Eigenschaften der Sprache <a href="/wiki/Mathematik" title="Mathematik">mathematisch</a> <a href="/wiki/Beweis_(Mathematik)" title="Beweis (Mathematik)">bewiesen</a> werden. </p> <div id="toc" class="toc" role="navigation" aria-labelledby="mw-toc-heading"><input type="checkbox" role="button" id="toctogglecheckbox" class="toctogglecheckbox" style="display:none" /><div class="toctitle" lang="de" dir="ltr"><h2 id="mw-toc-heading">Inhaltsverzeichnis</h2><span class="toctogglespan"><label class="toctogglelabel" for="toctogglecheckbox"></label></span></div> <ul> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-1"><a href="#Programmbeispiele"><span class="tocnumber">1</span> <span class="toctext">Programmbeispiele</span></a> <ul> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-2"><a href="#Rekursive_Berechnung_der_Fakultät"><span class="tocnumber">1.1</span> <span class="toctext">Rekursive Berechnung der Fakultät</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-3"><a href="#Rekursive_Berechnung_der_Fibonaccizahlen"><span class="tocnumber">1.2</span> <span class="toctext">Rekursive Berechnung der Fibonaccizahlen</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-4"><a href="#Die_Stelligkeit_einer_Zahl"><span class="tocnumber">1.3</span> <span class="toctext">Die Stelligkeit einer Zahl</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-5"><a href="#Die_Quersumme_einer_Zahl"><span class="tocnumber">1.4</span> <span class="toctext">Die Quersumme einer Zahl</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-6"><a href="#Die_Faltungsprozedur_foldl_für_Listen"><span class="tocnumber">1.5</span> <span class="toctext">Die Faltungsprozedur foldl für Listen</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-7"><a href="#Das_Umwandeln_eines_Strings,_der_eine_Zahl_darstellt,_zu_Int"><span class="tocnumber">1.6</span> <span class="toctext">Das Umwandeln eines Strings, der eine Zahl darstellt, zu Int</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-8"><a href="#Insertsort"><span class="tocnumber">1.7</span> <span class="toctext">Insertsort</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-9"><a href="#Mergesort"><span class="tocnumber">1.8</span> <span class="toctext">Mergesort</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-10"><a href="#"in_situ"-Reversierung_eines_Arrays"><span class="tocnumber">1.9</span> <span class="toctext">"in situ"-Reversierung eines Arrays</span></a></li> </ul> </li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-11"><a href="#Implementierungen"><span class="tocnumber">2</span> <span class="toctext">Implementierungen</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-12"><a href="#Literatur"><span class="tocnumber">3</span> <span class="toctext">Literatur</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-13"><a href="#Weblinks"><span class="tocnumber">4</span> <span class="toctext">Weblinks</span></a></li> </ul> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Programmbeispiele">Programmbeispiele</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Standard_ML&veaction=edit&section=1" title="Abschnitt bearbeiten: Programmbeispiele" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>Bearbeiten</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Standard_ML&action=edit&section=1" title="Quellcode des Abschnitts bearbeiten: Programmbeispiele"><span>Quelltext bearbeiten</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Rekursive_Berechnung_der_Fakultät"><span id="Rekursive_Berechnung_der_Fakult.C3.A4t"></span>Rekursive Berechnung der Fakultät</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Standard_ML&veaction=edit&section=2" title="Abschnitt bearbeiten: Rekursive Berechnung der Fakultät" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>Bearbeiten</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Standard_ML&action=edit&section=2" title="Quellcode des Abschnitts bearbeiten: Rekursive Berechnung der Fakultät"><span>Quelltext bearbeiten</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Die <a href="/wiki/Fakult%C3%A4t_(Mathematik)" title="Fakultät (Mathematik)">Fakultät</a> einer <a href="/wiki/Nat%C3%BCrliche_Zahl" title="Natürliche Zahl">natürlichen Zahl</a> kann man in <i>SML</i> mittels folgenden Programms berechnen: </p> <div class="mw-highlight mw-highlight-lang-sml mw-content-ltr" dir="ltr"><pre><span></span><span class="kr">fun</span> <span class="nf">fak</span> <span class="p">(</span><span class="n">n</span><span class="p">)</span> <span class="p">=</span> <span class="kr">if</span> <span class="n">n</span> <span class="n"><</span> <span class="mi">1</span> <span class="kr">then</span> <span class="mi">1</span> <span class="kr">else</span> <span class="n">n</span> <span class="n">*</span> <span class="n">fak</span> <span class="p">(</span><span class="n">n-</span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="p">)</span> </pre></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Rekursive_Berechnung_der_Fibonaccizahlen">Rekursive Berechnung der Fibonaccizahlen</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Standard_ML&veaction=edit&section=3" title="Abschnitt bearbeiten: Rekursive Berechnung der Fibonaccizahlen" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>Bearbeiten</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Standard_ML&action=edit&section=3" title="Quellcode des Abschnitts bearbeiten: Rekursive Berechnung der Fibonaccizahlen"><span>Quelltext bearbeiten</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Die n-te <a href="/wiki/Fibonacci-Folge" title="Fibonacci-Folge">Fibonacci-Zahl</a> kann man in <i>SML</i> mittels folgenden Programms berechnen: </p> <div class="mw-highlight mw-highlight-lang-sml mw-content-ltr" dir="ltr"><pre><span></span><span class="kr">fun</span> <span class="nf">fib</span> <span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">0</span><span class="p">)</span> <span class="p">=</span> <span class="mi">0</span> <span class="p">|</span> <span class="nf">fib</span> <span class="p">(</span><span class="n">n</span><span class="p">)</span> <span class="p">=</span> <span class="kr">if</span> <span class="n">n</span> <span class="n"><=</span> <span class="mi">2</span> <span class="kr">then</span> <span class="mi">1</span> <span class="kr">else</span> <span class="n">fib</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">n-</span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="p">)</span> <span class="n">+</span> <span class="n">fib</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">n-</span><span class="mi">2</span><span class="p">)</span> </pre></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Die_Stelligkeit_einer_Zahl">Die Stelligkeit einer Zahl</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Standard_ML&veaction=edit&section=4" title="Abschnitt bearbeiten: Die Stelligkeit einer Zahl" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>Bearbeiten</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Standard_ML&action=edit&section=4" title="Quellcode des Abschnitts bearbeiten: Die Stelligkeit einer Zahl"><span>Quelltext bearbeiten</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-highlight mw-highlight-lang-sml mw-content-ltr" dir="ltr"><pre><span></span><span class="kr">fun</span> <span class="nf">stell</span> <span class="p">(</span><span class="n">x</span><span class="p">:</span><span class="n">int</span><span class="p">)</span> <span class="p">=</span> <span class="kr">if</span> <span class="n">x<</span><span class="mi">1</span> <span class="kr">then</span> <span class="mi">0</span> <span class="kr">else</span> <span class="n">stell</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">x</span> <span class="n">div</span> <span class="mi">10</span><span class="p">)</span> <span class="n">+</span> <span class="mi">1</span> </pre></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Die_Quersumme_einer_Zahl">Die Quersumme einer Zahl</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Standard_ML&veaction=edit&section=5" title="Abschnitt bearbeiten: Die Quersumme einer Zahl" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>Bearbeiten</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Standard_ML&action=edit&section=5" title="Quellcode des Abschnitts bearbeiten: Die Quersumme einer Zahl"><span>Quelltext bearbeiten</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-highlight mw-highlight-lang-sml mw-content-ltr" dir="ltr"><pre><span></span><span class="kr">fun</span> <span class="nf">quer</span> <span class="p">(</span><span class="n">x</span><span class="p">:</span><span class="n">int</span><span class="p">)</span> <span class="p">=</span> <span class="kr">if</span> <span class="n">x<</span><span class="mi">1</span> <span class="kr">then</span> <span class="mi">0</span> <span class="kr">else</span> <span class="n">quer</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">x</span> <span class="n">div</span> <span class="mi">10</span><span class="p">)</span> <span class="n">+</span> <span class="n">x</span> <span class="n">mod</span> <span class="mi">10</span> </pre></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Die_Faltungsprozedur_foldl_für_Listen"><span id="Die_Faltungsprozedur_foldl_f.C3.BCr_Listen"></span>Die Faltungsprozedur foldl für Listen</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Standard_ML&veaction=edit&section=6" title="Abschnitt bearbeiten: Die Faltungsprozedur foldl für Listen" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>Bearbeiten</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Standard_ML&action=edit&section=6" title="Quellcode des Abschnitts bearbeiten: Die Faltungsprozedur foldl für Listen"><span>Quelltext bearbeiten</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-highlight mw-highlight-lang-sml mw-content-ltr" dir="ltr"><pre><span></span><span class="kr">fun</span> <span class="nf">foldl</span> <span class="n">f</span> <span class="n">s</span> <span class="n">nil</span> <span class="p">=</span> <span class="n">s</span> <span class="p">|</span> <span class="nf">foldl</span> <span class="n">f</span> <span class="n">s</span> <span class="p">(</span><span class="n">x::xr</span><span class="p">)</span> <span class="p">=</span> <span class="n">foldl</span> <span class="n">f</span> <span class="p">(</span><span class="n">f</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">x</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="n">s</span><span class="p">))</span> <span class="n">xr</span> </pre></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Das_Umwandeln_eines_Strings,_der_eine_Zahl_darstellt,_zu_Int"><span id="Das_Umwandeln_eines_Strings.2C_der_eine_Zahl_darstellt.2C_zu_Int"></span>Das Umwandeln eines Strings, der eine Zahl darstellt, zu Int</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Standard_ML&veaction=edit&section=7" title="Abschnitt bearbeiten: Das Umwandeln eines Strings, der eine Zahl darstellt, zu Int" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>Bearbeiten</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Standard_ML&action=edit&section=7" title="Quellcode des Abschnitts bearbeiten: Das Umwandeln eines Strings, der eine Zahl darstellt, zu Int"><span>Quelltext bearbeiten</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-highlight mw-highlight-lang-sml mw-content-ltr" dir="ltr"><pre><span></span><span class="kr">fun</span> <span class="nf">toInt</span> <span class="n">x</span> <span class="p">=</span> <span class="n">foldl</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="kr">fn</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">i</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="n">k</span><span class="p">)=></span><span class="n">ord</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">i</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="n">-ord</span> <span class="sc">#"0"</span> <span class="n">+</span> <span class="n">k*</span><span class="mi">10</span><span class="p">)</span> <span class="mi">0</span> <span class="p">(</span><span class="n">explode</span> <span class="n">x</span><span class="p">)</span> </pre></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Insertsort">Insertsort</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Standard_ML&veaction=edit&section=8" title="Abschnitt bearbeiten: Insertsort" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>Bearbeiten</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Standard_ML&action=edit&section=8" title="Quellcode des Abschnitts bearbeiten: Insertsort"><span>Quelltext bearbeiten</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-highlight mw-highlight-lang-sml mw-content-ltr" dir="ltr"><pre><span></span><span class="kr">fun</span> <span class="nf">insert</span> <span class="p">(</span><span class="n">x</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">nil</span><span class="p">)</span> <span class="p">=</span> <span class="p">[</span><span class="n">x</span><span class="p">]</span> <span class="p">|</span> <span class="nf">insert</span> <span class="p">(</span><span class="n">x</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">y::yr</span><span class="p">)</span> <span class="p">=</span> <span class="kr">if</span> <span class="n">x<=y</span> <span class="kr">then</span> <span class="n">x::y::yr</span> <span class="kr">else</span> <span class="n">y::insert</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">x</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="n">yr</span><span class="p">)</span> <span class="kr">fun</span> <span class="nf">isort</span> <span class="n">xs</span> <span class="p">=</span> <span class="n">foldl</span> <span class="n">insert</span> <span class="n">nil</span> <span class="n">xs</span> </pre></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Mergesort">Mergesort</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Standard_ML&veaction=edit&section=9" title="Abschnitt bearbeiten: Mergesort" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>Bearbeiten</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Standard_ML&action=edit&section=9" title="Quellcode des Abschnitts bearbeiten: Mergesort"><span>Quelltext bearbeiten</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-highlight mw-highlight-lang-sml mw-content-ltr" dir="ltr"><pre><span></span><span class="kr">fun</span> <span class="nf">split</span> <span class="n">xs</span> <span class="p">=</span> <span class="n">foldl</span> <span class="p">(</span><span class="kr">fn</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">i</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="p">(</span><span class="n">ys</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="n">zs</span><span class="p">))</span> <span class="p">=>(</span><span class="n">zs</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">i::ys</span><span class="p">))</span> <span class="p">(</span><span class="n">nil</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="n">nil</span><span class="p">)</span> <span class="n">xs</span> <span class="kr">fun</span> <span class="nf">merge</span> <span class="p">(</span><span class="n">xs</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="n">nil</span><span class="p">)</span> <span class="p">=</span> <span class="n">xs</span> <span class="p">|</span> <span class="nf">merge</span> <span class="p">(</span><span class="n">nil</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="n">ys</span><span class="p">)</span> <span class="p">=</span> <span class="n">ys</span> <span class="p">|</span> <span class="nf">merge</span> <span class="p">(</span><span class="n">x::xr</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="n">y::yr</span><span class="p">)</span> <span class="p">=</span> <span class="kr">if</span> <span class="n">x<=y</span> <span class="kr">then</span> <span class="n">x::merge</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">xr</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="n">y::yr</span><span class="p">)</span> <span class="kr">else</span> <span class="n">y::merge</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">x::xr</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="n">yr</span><span class="p">)</span> <span class="kr">fun</span> <span class="nf">mergesort</span> <span class="n">nil</span> <span class="p">=</span> <span class="n">nil</span> <span class="p">|</span> <span class="nf">mergesort</span> <span class="p">[</span><span class="n">x</span><span class="p">]</span> <span class="p">=</span> <span class="p">[</span><span class="n">x</span><span class="p">]</span> <span class="p">|</span> <span class="nf">mergesort</span> <span class="n">xs</span> <span class="p">=</span> <span class="kr">let</span> <span class="kr">val</span> <span class="p">(</span><span class="n">ys</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="n">zs</span><span class="p">)</span> <span class="nv">=</span> <span class="n">split</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">xs</span><span class="p">)</span> <span class="kr">in</span> <span class="n">merge</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">mergesort</span> <span class="n">ys</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">mergesort</span> <span class="n">zs</span><span class="p">)</span> <span class="kr">end</span> </pre></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id=""in_situ"-Reversierung_eines_Arrays"><span id=".22in_situ.22-Reversierung_eines_Arrays"></span>"in situ"-Reversierung eines Arrays</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Standard_ML&veaction=edit&section=10" title="Abschnitt bearbeiten: "in situ"-Reversierung eines Arrays" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>Bearbeiten</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Standard_ML&action=edit&section=10" title="Quellcode des Abschnitts bearbeiten: "in situ"-Reversierung eines Arrays"><span>Quelltext bearbeiten</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-highlight mw-highlight-lang-sml mw-content-ltr" dir="ltr"><pre><span></span><span class="kr">fun</span> <span class="nf">reverse</span> <span class="p">(</span><span class="n">a</span><span class="p">)</span> <span class="p">=</span> <span class="kr">let</span> <span class="kr">fun</span> <span class="nf">swap</span> <span class="n">l</span> <span class="n">r</span> <span class="p">=</span> <span class="kr">let</span> <span class="kr">val</span> <span class="nv">vl</span> <span class="p">=</span> <span class="nn">Array</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">sub</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">a</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="n">l</span><span class="p">)</span> <span class="kr">val</span> <span class="nv">vr</span> <span class="p">=</span> <span class="nn">Array</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">sub</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">a</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="n">r</span><span class="p">)</span> <span class="kr">in</span> <span class="kr">if</span> <span class="n">l</span> <span class="n">>=</span> <span class="n">r</span> <span class="kr">then</span> <span class="p">()</span> <span class="kr">else</span> <span class="p">(</span><span class="nn">Array</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">update</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">a</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="n">l</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="n">vr</span><span class="p">);</span> <span class="nn">Array</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">update</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">a</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="n">r</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="n">vl</span><span class="p">);</span><span class="n">swap</span> <span class="p">(</span><span class="n">l+</span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="p">)</span> <span class="p">(</span><span class="n">r-</span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="p">))</span> <span class="kr">end</span> <span class="kr">in</span> <span class="n">swap</span> <span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">0</span><span class="p">)</span> <span class="p">(</span><span class="nn">Array</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">length</span> <span class="p">(</span><span class="n">a</span><span class="p">)</span> <span class="n">-</span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="p">)</span> <span class="kr">end</span><span class="p">;</span> </pre></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Implementierungen">Implementierungen</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Standard_ML&veaction=edit&section=11" title="Abschnitt bearbeiten: Implementierungen" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>Bearbeiten</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Standard_ML&action=edit&section=11" title="Quellcode des Abschnitts bearbeiten: Implementierungen"><span>Quelltext bearbeiten</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Es existieren verschiedene <a href="/wiki/Compiler" title="Compiler">Compiler</a> für SML, die entweder <a href="/wiki/Bytecode" title="Bytecode">Bytecode</a> oder <a href="/wiki/Maschinencode" class="mw-redirect" title="Maschinencode">Maschinencode</a> generieren. Die Referenz<a href="/wiki/Implementierung" title="Implementierung">implementierung</a> ist SML/NJ. Sml2c ist ein besonderer Compiler, der SML in <a href="/wiki/C_(Programmiersprache)" title="C (Programmiersprache)">C</a> Code übersetzt. </p> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.mpi-sws.org/~rossberg/hamlet/">HaMLet</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.mlton.org/">MLton</a> (stark optimierender Compiler)</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://mosml.org/">Moscow ML</a>(alte Webseite verfügbar unter <a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="http://www.itu.dk/~sestoft/mosml.html">http://www.itu.dk/~sestoft/mosml.html</a>)</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.smlnj.org/">Standard ML of New Jersey</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ps.uni-saarland.de/alice/">Alice ML</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.polyml.org/">Poly/ML</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.funet.fi/pub/languages/ml/sml2c/">sml2c</a> (C Code)</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.cl.cam.ac.uk/Research/TSG/SMLNET/">SML.NET</a> (Bytecode)</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.cs.bham.ac.uk/research/projects/poplog/freepoplog.html">Poplog</a> (IDE für Forschung und Lehre im Bereich <a href="/wiki/K%C3%BCnstliche_Intelligenz" title="Künstliche Intelligenz">Künstliche Intelligenz</a>)</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://cakeml.org/">CakeML</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://github.com/SOSML/SOSML">SOSML</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Literatur">Literatur</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Standard_ML&veaction=edit&section=12" title="Abschnitt bearbeiten: Literatur" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>Bearbeiten</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Standard_ML&action=edit&section=12" title="Quellcode des Abschnitts bearbeiten: Literatur"><span>Quelltext bearbeiten</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Robin_Milner" title="Robin Milner">Robin Milner</a>, Mads Tofte, Robert Harper, D. MacQueen: <cite style="font-style:italic">The Definition of Standard ML (Revised)</cite>. MIT Press, 1997, <a href="/wiki/Spezial:ISBN-Suche/0262631814" class="internal mw-magiclink-isbn">ISBN 0-262-63181-4</a> (offizielle Sprachdefinition).<span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rfr_id=info:sid/de.wikipedia.org:Standard+ML&rft.au=Robin+Milner%2C+Mads+Tofte%2C+Robert+Harper%2C+...&rft.btitle=The+Definition+of+Standard+ML+%28Revised%29&rft.date=1997&rft.genre=book&rft.isbn=0262631814&rft.pub=MIT+Press" style="display:none"> </span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gert_Smolka" title="Gert Smolka">Gert Smolka</a>: <i>Programmierung – eine Einführung in die Informatik mit Standard ML</i>. Oldenbourg Wissenschaftsverlag, München 2008, <a href="/wiki/Spezial:ISBN-Suche/9783486586015" class="internal mw-magiclink-isbn">ISBN 978-3-486-58601-5</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Weblinks">Weblinks</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Standard_ML&veaction=edit&section=13" title="Abschnitt bearbeiten: Weblinks" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>Bearbeiten</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Standard_ML&action=edit&section=13" title="Quellcode des Abschnitts bearbeiten: Weblinks"><span>Quelltext bearbeiten</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>Mads Tofte: <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.scholarpedia.org/article/Standard_ML_language"><i>Standard ML Language</i></a>. In: <i><a href="/wiki/Scholarpedia" title="Scholarpedia">Scholarpedia</a>.</i> (englisch, inkl. Literaturangaben)</li> <li>Robert Harper: <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.cs.cmu.edu/~rwh/isml/book.pdf"><i>Programming in Standard ML</i>.</a> (PDF, 756 kB)</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.lfcs.inf.ed.ac.uk/reports/97/ECS-LFCS-97-364/"><i>Programming in Standard ML ’97: A Tutorial Introduction</i>.</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.standardml.org/Basis/toc.html">The Standard ML Basis Library</a></li></ul> <div class="hintergrundfarbe1 rahmenfarbe1 navigation-not-searchable normdaten-typ-s" style="border-style: solid; border-width: 1px; clear: left; margin-bottom:1em; margin-top:1em; padding: 0.25em; overflow: hidden; word-break: break-word; word-wrap: break-word;" id="normdaten"> <div style="display: table-cell; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%;"> <div> Normdaten (Sachbegriff): <a href="/wiki/Gemeinsame_Normdatei" title="Gemeinsame Normdatei">GND</a>: <span class="plainlinks-print"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://d-nb.info/gnd/4295302-9">4295302-9</a></span> <span class="noprint">(<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://lobid.org/gnd/4295302-9">lobid</a>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://swb.bsz-bw.de/DB=2.104/SET=1/TTL=1/CMD?retrace=0&trm_old=&ACT=SRCHA&IKT=2999&SRT=RLV&TRM=4295302-9">OGND</a><span class="metadata">, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://prometheus.lmu.de/gnd/4295302-9">AKS</a></span>)</span> <span class="metadata"></span></div> </div></div></div><!--esi <esi:include src="/esitest-fa8a495983347898/content" /> --><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?useformat=desktop&type=1x1&usesul3=0" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Abgerufen von „<a dir="ltr" href="https://de.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Standard_ML&oldid=246896502">https://de.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Standard_ML&oldid=246896502</a>“</div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface"><div id="mw-normal-catlinks" class="mw-normal-catlinks"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Kategorien" title="Wikipedia:Kategorien">Kategorie</a>: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kategorie:Funktionale_Programmiersprache" title="Kategorie:Funktionale Programmiersprache">Funktionale Programmiersprache</a></li></ul></div></div> </div> </div> <div id="mw-navigation"> <h2>Navigationsmenü</h2> <div id="mw-head"> <nav id="p-personal" class="mw-portlet mw-portlet-personal vector-user-menu-legacy vector-menu" aria-labelledby="p-personal-label" > <h3 id="p-personal-label" class="vector-menu-heading " > <span class="vector-menu-heading-label">Meine Werkzeuge</span> </h3> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-anonuserpage" class="mw-list-item"><span title="Benutzerseite der IP-Adresse, von der aus du Änderungen durchführst">Nicht angemeldet</span></li><li id="pt-anontalk" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Spezial:Meine_Diskussionsseite" title="Diskussion über Änderungen von dieser IP-Adresse [n]" accesskey="n"><span>Diskussionsseite</span></a></li><li id="pt-anoncontribs" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Spezial:Meine_Beitr%C3%A4ge" title="Eine Liste der Bearbeitungen, die von dieser IP-Adresse gemacht wurden [y]" accesskey="y"><span>Beiträge</span></a></li><li id="pt-createaccount" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Spezial:Benutzerkonto_anlegen&returnto=Standard+ML" title="Wir ermutigen dich dazu, ein Benutzerkonto zu erstellen und dich anzumelden. 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class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Spezial:DownloadAsPdf&page=Standard_ML&action=show-download-screen"><span>Als PDF herunterladen</span></a></li><li id="t-print" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Standard_ML&printable=yes" title="Druckansicht dieser Seite [p]" accesskey="p"><span>Druckversion</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </nav> <nav id="p-wikibase-otherprojects" class="mw-portlet mw-portlet-wikibase-otherprojects vector-menu-portal portal vector-menu" aria-labelledby="p-wikibase-otherprojects-label" > <h3 id="p-wikibase-otherprojects-label" class="vector-menu-heading " > <span class="vector-menu-heading-label">In anderen Projekten</span> </h3> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="t-wikibase" class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-wikibase-dataitem mw-list-item"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q597330" title="Link zum verbundenen Objekt im Datenrepositorium [g]" accesskey="g"><span>Wikidata-Datenobjekt</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </nav> <nav id="p-lang" class="mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang vector-menu-portal portal vector-menu" aria-labelledby="p-lang-label" > <h3 id="p-lang-label" class="vector-menu-heading " > <span class="vector-menu-heading-label">In anderen Sprachen</span> </h3> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A3%D9%85_%D8%A3%D9%84_%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%85%D8%B9%D9%8A%D8%A7%D8%B1%D9%8A%D8%A9" title="أم أل المعيارية – Arabisch" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="أم أل المعيارية" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/ML_Est%C3%A0ndard" title="ML Estàndard – Katalanisch" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="ML Estàndard" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Katalanisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Standard_ML" title="Standard ML – Tschechisch" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Standard ML" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Tschechisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Standard_ML" title="Standard ML – Dänisch" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Standard ML" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Dänisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en mw-list-item"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Standard_ML" title="Standard ML – Englisch" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="Standard ML" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="Englisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Standard_ML" title="Standard ML – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Standard ML" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Standard_ML" title="Standard ML – Spanisch" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Standard ML" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D8%B3%D8%AA%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%AF%D8%A7%D8%B1%D8%AF_%D8%A7%D9%85%E2%80%8C%D8%A7%D9%84" title="استاندارد امال – Persisch" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="استاندارد امال" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Standard_ML" title="Standard ML – Französisch" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Standard ML" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="Französisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/SML" title="SML – Ungarisch" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="SML" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Ungarisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Standard_ML" title="Standard ML – Armenisch" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Standard ML" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="Armenisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Standard_ML" title="Standard ML – Italienisch" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Standard ML" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italienisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/Standard_ML" title="Standard ML – Japanisch" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="Standard ML" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/Standard_ML" title="Standard ML – Georgisch" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="Standard ML" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="Georgisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%ED%91%9C%EC%A4%80_ML" title="표준 ML – Koreanisch" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="표준 ML" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Koreanisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml mw-list-item"><a href="https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B4%B8%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%B1%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%B1%E0%B4%BE%E0%B5%BB%E0%B4%A1%E0%B5%87%E0%B5%BC%E0%B4%A1%E0%B5%8D_%E0%B4%8E%E0%B4%82%E0%B4%8E%E0%B5%BD" title="സ്റ്റാൻഡേർഡ് എംഎൽ – Malayalam" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="സ്റ്റാൻഡേർഡ് എംഎൽ" data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="Malayalam" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>മലയാളം</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Standard_ML" title="Standard ML – Polnisch" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Standard ML" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polnisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Standard_ML" title="Standard ML – Portugiesisch" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Standard ML" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portugiesisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/Standard_ML" title="Standard ML – Russisch" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Standard ML" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Standard_ML" title="Standard ML – einfaches Englisch" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Standard ML" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="einfaches Englisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Standart_ML" title="Standart ML – Türkisch" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Standart ML" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Türkisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Standard_ML" title="Standard ML – Ukrainisch" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Standard ML" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Standard_ML" title="Standard ML – Chinesisch" lang="zh" 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