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Pinjino - Vikipedio

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type="application/atom+xml" title="Vikipedio Atom-fonto" href="/w/index.php?title=Speciala%C4%B5o:Lastaj_%C5%9Dan%C4%9Doj&amp;feed=atom"> <link rel="dns-prefetch" href="//meta.wikimedia.org" /> <link rel="dns-prefetch" href="//login.wikimedia.org"> </head> <body class="skin--responsive skin-vector skin-vector-search-vue mediawiki ltr sitedir-ltr mw-hide-empty-elt ns-0 ns-subject mw-editable page-Pinjino rootpage-Pinjino skin-vector-2022 action-view"><a class="mw-jump-link" href="#bodyContent">Saltu al enhavo</a> <div class="vector-header-container"> <header class="vector-header mw-header"> <div class="vector-header-start"> <nav class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="Retejo"> <div id="vector-main-menu-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-main-menu-dropdown vector-button-flush-left vector-button-flush-right" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-main-menu-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-main-menu-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Ĉefa menuo" > <label id="vector-main-menu-dropdown-label" for="vector-main-menu-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-menu mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-menu"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Ĉefa menuo</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-main-menu-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> <div id="vector-main-menu" class="vector-main-menu vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-main-menu-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-unpinned" data-feature-name="main-menu-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-main-menu" data-pinned-container-id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-main-menu-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Ĉefa menuo</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-main-menu.pin">movigi al flanka panelo</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-main-menu.unpin">kaŝi</button> </div> <div id="p-navigation" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-navigation" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Navigado </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="n-mainpage-desciption" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Vikipedio:%C4%88efpa%C4%9Do"><span>Ĉefpaĝo</span></a></li><li id="n-portal" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Portalo:Komunumo" title="Pri la projekto, kion vi povas fari, kie vi povas trovi ion"><span>Komunuma portalo</span></a></li><li id="n-villagepump" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Vikipedio:Diskutejo"><span>Diskutejo</span></a></li><li id="n-currentevents" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Vikipedio:Aktuala%C4%B5oj" title="Trovi fonajn informojn pri nunaj eventoj"><span>Aktualaĵoj</span></a></li><li id="n-recentchanges" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Speciala%C4%B5o:Lastaj_%C5%9Dan%C4%9Doj" title="Listo de la lastaj ŝanĝoj en la vikio. [r]" accesskey="r"><span>Lastaj ŝanĝoj</span></a></li><li id="n-newpages" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Speciala%C4%B5o:Novaj_pa%C4%9Doj"><span>Novaj paĝoj</span></a></li><li id="n-randompage" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Speciala%C4%B5o:Hazarda_pa%C4%9Do" title="Iri al hazarda paĝo [x]" accesskey="x"><span>Hazarda paĝo</span></a></li><li id="n-help" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Helpo:Enhavo" title="La loko por eltrovi"><span>Helpo</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <a href="/wiki/Vikipedio:%C4%88efpa%C4%9Do" class="mw-logo"> <img class="mw-logo-icon" src="/static/images/icons/wikipedia.png" alt="" aria-hidden="true" height="50" width="50"> <span class="mw-logo-container skin-invert"> <img class="mw-logo-wordmark" alt="Vikipedio" src="/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-wordmark-eo.svg" style="width: 6.875em; height: 1.125em;"> <img class="mw-logo-tagline" alt="" src="/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-tagline-eo.svg" width="109" height="13" style="width: 6.8125em; 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[o]" accesskey="o" class=""><span>Ensaluti</span></a> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> <div id="vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-user-menu vector-button-flush-right vector-user-menu-logged-out" title="Pliaj agordoj" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Personaj iloj" > <label id="vector-user-links-dropdown-label" for="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-ellipsis mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-ellipsis"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Personaj iloj</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-personal" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-personal user-links-collapsible-item" title="Menuo de uzanto" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="//donate.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FundraiserRedirector?utm_source=donate&amp;utm_medium=sidebar&amp;utm_campaign=C13_eo.wikipedia.org&amp;uselang=eo"><span>Donaci</span></a></li><li id="pt-createaccount" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Speciala%C4%B5o:Krei_konton&amp;returnto=Pinjino" title="Ni rekomendas ke vi kreu uzantokonton kaj ensalutu, kvankam tio ne estas deviga"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-userAdd mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-userAdd"></span> <span>Krei konton</span></a></li><li id="pt-login" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Speciala%C4%B5o:Ensaluti&amp;returnto=Pinjino" title="Ni rekomendas ke vi ensalutu, kvankam tio ne estas devige. [o]" accesskey="o"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-logIn mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-logIn"></span> <span>Ensaluti</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-user-menu-anon-editor" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-user-menu-anon-editor" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Paĝoj por elsalutitaj redaktistoj <a href="/wiki/Helpo:Enkonduko" aria-label="Lernu pli pri redaktado"><span>Lernu pli</span></a> </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-anoncontribs" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Speciala%C4%B5o:Miaj_kontribuoj" title="Listo de redaktoj faritaj el ĉi tiu IPa adreso [y]" accesskey="y"><span>Kontribuoj</span></a></li><li id="pt-anontalk" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Speciala%C4%B5o:Mia_diskutpa%C4%9Do" title="Diskuto pri redaktoj sub tiu ĉi IP adreso [n]" accesskey="n"><span>Diskuto</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </header> </div> <div class="mw-page-container"> <div class="mw-page-container-inner"> <div class="vector-sitenotice-container"> <div id="siteNotice"><!-- CentralNotice --></div> </div> <div class="vector-column-start"> <div class="vector-main-menu-container"> <div id="mw-navigation"> <nav id="mw-panel" class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="Retejo"> <div id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav id="mw-panel-toc" aria-label="Enhavo" data-event-name="ui.sidebar-toc" class="mw-table-of-contents-container vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-toc-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-toc" class="vector-toc vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-toc-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="toc-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-toc" > <h2 class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Enhavo</h2> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.pin">movigi al flanka panelo</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.unpin">kaŝi</button> </div> <ul class="vector-toc-contents" id="mw-panel-toc-list"> <li id="toc-mw-content-text" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a href="#" class="vector-toc-link"> <div class="vector-toc-text">Komenco</div> </a> </li> <li id="toc-Sonoj_kaj_literoj" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Sonoj_kaj_literoj"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1</span> <span>Sonoj kaj literoj</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Sonoj_kaj_literoj-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Tono" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Tono"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Tono</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Tono-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Vidu_ankaŭ" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Vidu_ankaŭ"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Vidu ankaŭ</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Vidu_ankaŭ-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Eksteraj_ligiloj" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Eksteraj_ligiloj"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Eksteraj ligiloj</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Eksteraj_ligiloj-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Referencoj" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Referencoj"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Referencoj</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Referencoj-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Enhavo" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Ŝaltu la enhavtabelon" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Ŝaltu la enhavtabelon</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Pinjino</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Iru al artikolo en alia lingvo. Havebla en 108 lingvo" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-108" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">108 lingvoj</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pinyin" title="Pinyin — afrikansa" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="Pinyin" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="afrikansa" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Afrikaans</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-an mw-list-item"><a href="https://an.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pinyin" title="Pinyin — aragona" lang="an" hreflang="an" data-title="Pinyin" data-language-autonym="Aragonés" data-language-local-name="aragona" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Aragonés</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A8%D9%8A%D9%86%D9%8A%D9%8A%D9%86" title="بينيين — araba" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="بينيين" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="araba" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%BE%D9%8A%D9%86%D9%8A%D9%BE%D9%8A%D9%86" title="پينيپين — Egyptian Arabic" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="پينيپين" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="Egyptian Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مصرى</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pinyin" title="Pinyin — asturia" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Pinyin" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="asturia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Asturianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pinyin" title="Pinyin — azerbajĝana" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Pinyin" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="azerbajĝana" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-azb mw-list-item"><a href="https://azb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%BE%DB%8C%D9%86%E2%80%8C%DB%8C%DB%8C%D9%86" title="پین‌یین — South Azerbaijani" lang="azb" hreflang="azb" data-title="پین‌یین" data-language-autonym="تۆرکجه" data-language-local-name="South Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>تۆرکجه</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D1%96%D0%BD%D1%8C%D1%96%D0%BD%D1%8C" title="Піньінь — belorusa" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Піньінь" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="belorusa" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%BD" title="Пинин — bulgara" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Пинин" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="bulgara" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%AB%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%A8%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%A8" title="ফিনিন — bengala" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="ফিনিন" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="bengala" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-br mw-list-item"><a href="https://br.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pinyin" title="Pinyin — bretona" lang="br" hreflang="br" data-title="Pinyin" data-language-autonym="Brezhoneg" data-language-local-name="bretona" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Brezhoneg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pinyin" title="Pinyin — kataluna" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Pinyin" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="kataluna" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cdo mw-list-item"><a href="https://cdo.wikipedia.org/wiki/H%C3%A1ng-ng%E1%B9%B3%CC%84_P%C4%ADng-%C4%ADng" title="Háng-ngṳ̄ Pĭng-ĭng — Mindong" lang="cdo" hreflang="cdo" data-title="Háng-ngṳ̄ Pĭng-ĭng" data-language-autonym="閩東語 / Mìng-dĕ̤ng-ngṳ̄" data-language-local-name="Mindong" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩東語 / Mìng-dĕ̤ng-ngṳ̄</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ceb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ceb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pinyin" title="Pinyin — cebua" lang="ceb" hreflang="ceb" data-title="Pinyin" data-language-autonym="Cebuano" data-language-local-name="cebua" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cebuano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ckb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ckb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%BE%DB%8C%D9%86-%DB%8C%D9%86" title="پین-ین — sorana" lang="ckb" hreflang="ckb" data-title="پین-ین" data-language-autonym="کوردی" data-language-local-name="sorana" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>کوردی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pchin-jin" title="Pchin-jin — ĉeĥa" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Pchin-jin" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="ĉeĥa" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cv mw-list-item"><a href="https://cv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%B8%D0%BD%D1%8C%D0%B8%D0%BD%D1%8C" title="Пиньинь — ĉuvaŝa" lang="cv" hreflang="cv" data-title="Пиньинь" data-language-autonym="Чӑвашла" data-language-local-name="ĉuvaŝa" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Чӑвашла</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pinyin" title="Pinyin — dana" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Pinyin" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="dana" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pinyin" title="Pinyin — germana" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Pinyin" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="germana" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-diq badge-Q17437798 badge-goodarticle mw-list-item" title="leginda artikolo"><a href="https://diq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pinyin" title="Pinyin — Zazaki" lang="diq" hreflang="diq" data-title="Pinyin" data-language-autonym="Zazaki" data-language-local-name="Zazaki" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Zazaki</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%A0%CE%B9%CE%BD%CE%B3%CE%AF%CE%BD" title="Πινγίν — greka" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Πινγίν" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="greka" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en mw-list-item"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pinyin" title="Pinyin — angla" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="Pinyin" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="angla" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pinyin" title="Pinyin — hispana" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Pinyin" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="hispana" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pinyin" title="Pinyin — estona" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Pinyin" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="estona" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hanyu_pinyin" title="Hanyu pinyin — eŭska" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Hanyu pinyin" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="eŭska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%BE%DB%8C%D9%86%E2%80%8C%DB%8C%DB%8C%D9%86" title="پین‌یین — persa" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="پین‌یین" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="persa" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pinyin" title="Pinyin — finna" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Pinyin" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="finna" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fiu-vro mw-list-item"><a href="https://fiu-vro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pinyin" title="Pinyin — Võro" lang="vro" hreflang="vro" data-title="Pinyin" data-language-autonym="Võro" data-language-local-name="Võro" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Võro</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hanyu_pinyin" title="Hanyu pinyin — franca" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Hanyu pinyin" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="franca" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-frr mw-list-item"><a href="https://frr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pinyin" title="Pinyin — nord-frisa" lang="frr" hreflang="frr" data-title="Pinyin" data-language-autonym="Nordfriisk" data-language-local-name="nord-frisa" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nordfriisk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fy mw-list-item"><a href="https://fy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pinyin" title="Pinyin — okcident-frisa" lang="fy" hreflang="fy" data-title="Pinyin" data-language-autonym="Frysk" data-language-local-name="okcident-frisa" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Frysk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ga mw-list-item"><a href="https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pinyin" title="Pinyin — irlanda" lang="ga" hreflang="ga" data-title="Pinyin" data-language-autonym="Gaeilge" data-language-local-name="irlanda" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaeilge</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gan mw-list-item"><a href="https://gan.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%BC%A2%E8%AA%9E%E6%8B%BC%E9%9F%B3" title="漢語拼音 — Gan" lang="gan" hreflang="gan" data-title="漢語拼音" data-language-autonym="贛語" data-language-local-name="Gan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>贛語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pinyin" title="Pinyin — galega" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Pinyin" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="galega" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hak mw-list-item"><a href="https://hak.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hon-ng%C3%AE_Ph%C3%AEn-y%C3%AEm" title="Hon-ngî Phîn-yîm — Hakka Chinese" lang="hak" hreflang="hak" data-title="Hon-ngî Phîn-yîm" data-language-autonym="客家語 / Hak-kâ-ngî" data-language-local-name="Hakka Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>客家語 / Hak-kâ-ngî</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%A4%D7%99%D7%9F-%D7%99%D7%99%D7%9F" title="פין-יין — hebrea" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="פין-יין" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="hebrea" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AA%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%A8%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%A8" title="पिनयिन — hinda" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="पिनयिन" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="hinda" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pinyin" title="Pinyin — kroata" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Pinyin" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="kroata" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pinjin" title="Pinjin — hungara" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Pinjin" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="hungara" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D5%93%D5%AB%D5%B6%D5%B5%D5%AB%D5%B6" title="Փինյին — armena" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Փինյին" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="armena" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ia mw-list-item"><a href="https://ia.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pinyin" title="Pinyin — Interlingvao" lang="ia" hreflang="ia" data-title="Pinyin" data-language-autonym="Interlingua" data-language-local-name="Interlingvao" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Interlingua</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hanyu_Pinyin" title="Hanyu Pinyin — indonezia" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Hanyu Pinyin" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="indonezia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ilo mw-list-item"><a href="https://ilo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pinyin" title="Pinyin — iloka" lang="ilo" hreflang="ilo" data-title="Pinyin" data-language-autonym="Ilokano" data-language-local-name="iloka" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ilokano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-io mw-list-item"><a href="https://io.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pinyin-sistemo" title="Pinyin-sistemo — Ido" lang="io" hreflang="io" data-title="Pinyin-sistemo" data-language-autonym="Ido" data-language-local-name="Ido" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ido</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is mw-list-item"><a href="https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hanyu_Pinyin" title="Hanyu Pinyin — islanda" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="Hanyu Pinyin" data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="islanda" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Íslenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pinyin" title="Pinyin — itala" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Pinyin" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="itala" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%8B%BC%E9%9F%B3" title="拼音 — japana" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="拼音" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="japana" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jv mw-list-item"><a href="https://jv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hanyu_Pinyin" title="Hanyu Pinyin — java" lang="jv" hreflang="jv" data-title="Hanyu Pinyin" data-language-autonym="Jawa" data-language-local-name="java" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Jawa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%A4%E1%83%98%E1%83%9C%E1%83%98%E1%83%9C%E1%83%98" title="ფინინი — kartvela" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="ფინინი" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="kartvela" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kge mw-list-item"><a href="https://kge.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pinyin" title="Pinyin — Komering" lang="kge" hreflang="kge" data-title="Pinyin" data-language-autonym="Kumoring" data-language-local-name="Komering" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kumoring</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D1%96%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%BD" title="Пінин — kazaĥa" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="Пінин" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="kazaĥa" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Қазақша</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%ED%95%9C%EC%96%B4%EB%B3%91%EC%9D%8C" title="한어병음 — korea" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="한어병음" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="korea" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ky mw-list-item"><a href="https://ky.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%B8%D0%BD%D1%8C%D0%B8%D0%BD%D1%8C" title="Пиньинь — kirgiza" lang="ky" hreflang="ky" data-title="Пиньинь" data-language-autonym="Кыргызча" data-language-local-name="kirgiza" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Кыргызча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pinyin" title="Pinyin — latino" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Pinyin" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="latino" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lad mw-list-item"><a href="https://lad.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pinyin" title="Pinyin — judhispana" lang="lad" hreflang="lad" data-title="Pinyin" data-language-autonym="Ladino" data-language-local-name="judhispana" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ladino</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lld mw-list-item"><a href="https://lld.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pinyin" title="Pinyin — Ladin" lang="lld" hreflang="lld" data-title="Pinyin" data-language-autonym="Ladin" data-language-local-name="Ladin" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ladin</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lo mw-list-item"><a href="https://lo.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%BA%9E%E0%BA%B4%E0%BB%88%E0%BA%99%E0%BA%AD%E0%BA%B4%E0%BB%88%E0%BA%99" title="ພິ່ນອິ່ນ — laŭa" lang="lo" hreflang="lo" data-title="ພິ່ນອິ່ນ" data-language-autonym="ລາວ" data-language-local-name="laŭa" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ລາວ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pinyin" title="Pinyin — litova" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Pinyin" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="litova" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pi%C5%86ji%C5%86s" title="Piņjiņs — latva" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Piņjiņs" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="latva" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mg mw-list-item"><a href="https://mg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pinyin" title="Pinyin — malagasa" lang="mg" hreflang="mg" data-title="Pinyin" data-language-autonym="Malagasy" data-language-local-name="malagasa" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Malagasy</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mi mw-list-item"><a href="https://mi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pinyin" title="Pinyin — maoria" lang="mi" hreflang="mi" data-title="Pinyin" data-language-autonym="Māori" data-language-local-name="maoria" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Māori</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-min mw-list-item"><a href="https://min.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hanyu_Pinyin" title="Hanyu Pinyin — minankabaŭa" lang="min" hreflang="min" data-title="Hanyu Pinyin" data-language-autonym="Minangkabau" data-language-local-name="minankabaŭa" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Minangkabau</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%B8%D0%BD%D1%98%D0%B8%D0%BD" title="Пинјин — makedona" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Пинјин" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="makedona" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml mw-list-item"><a href="https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B4%AA%E0%B4%BF%E0%B5%BB%E2%80%8C%E0%B4%AF%E0%B4%BF%E0%B5%BB" title="പിൻ‌യിൻ — malajalama" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="പിൻ‌യിൻ" data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="malajalama" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>മലയാളം</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mn mw-list-item"><a href="https://mn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%B8%D0%BD%D1%8C%D0%B8%D0%BD%D1%8C" title="Пиньинь — mongola" lang="mn" hreflang="mn" data-title="Пиньинь" data-language-autonym="Монгол" data-language-local-name="mongola" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Монгол</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mr mw-list-item"><a href="https://mr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AB%E0%A5%80%E0%A4%A8%E0%A4%AF%E0%A5%80%E0%A4%A8" title="फीनयीन — marata" lang="mr" hreflang="mr" data-title="फीनयीन" data-language-autonym="मराठी" data-language-local-name="marata" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>मराठी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pinyin" title="Pinyin — malaja" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Pinyin" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="malaja" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nds-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nds-nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pinyin" title="Pinyin — Low Saxon" lang="nds-NL" hreflang="nds-NL" data-title="Pinyin" data-language-autonym="Nedersaksies" data-language-local-name="Low Saxon" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nedersaksies</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hanyu_pinyin" title="Hanyu pinyin — nederlanda" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Hanyu pinyin" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="nederlanda" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pinyin" title="Pinyin — novnorvega" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Pinyin" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="novnorvega" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pinyin" title="Pinyin — dannorvega" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Pinyin" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="dannorvega" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-oc mw-list-item"><a href="https://oc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pinyin" title="Pinyin — okcitana" lang="oc" hreflang="oc" data-title="Pinyin" data-language-autonym="Occitan" data-language-local-name="okcitana" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Occitan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pa mw-list-item"><a href="https://pa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A8%AA%E0%A8%BF%E0%A8%A8%E0%A8%AF%E0%A8%BF%E0%A8%A8" title="ਪਿਨਯਿਨ — panĝaba" lang="pa" hreflang="pa" data-title="ਪਿਨਯਿਨ" data-language-autonym="ਪੰਜਾਬੀ" data-language-local-name="panĝaba" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ਪੰਜਾਬੀ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pcd mw-list-item"><a href="https://pcd.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hanyu_pinyin" title="Hanyu pinyin — Picard" lang="pcd" hreflang="pcd" data-title="Hanyu pinyin" data-language-autonym="Picard" data-language-local-name="Picard" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Picard</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hanyu_pinyin" title="Hanyu pinyin — pola" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Hanyu pinyin" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="pola" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pnb mw-list-item"><a href="https://pnb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%BE%DB%8C%D9%86_%DB%8C%D9%86" title="پین ین — Western Punjabi" lang="pnb" hreflang="pnb" data-title="پین ین" data-language-autonym="پنجابی" data-language-local-name="Western Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پنجابی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pinyin" title="Pinyin — portugala" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Pinyin" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="portugala" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pinyin" title="Pinyin — rumana" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Pinyin" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="rumana" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%B8%D0%BD%D1%8C%D0%B8%D0%BD%D1%8C" title="Пиньинь — rusa" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Пиньинь" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="rusa" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-rue mw-list-item"><a href="https://rue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D1%96%D0%BD%D1%97%D0%BD%D1%8C" title="Пінїнь — Rusyn" lang="rue" hreflang="rue" data-title="Пінїнь" data-language-autonym="Русиньскый" data-language-local-name="Rusyn" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русиньскый</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sah mw-list-item"><a href="https://sah.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%B8%D0%BD%D1%8C%D0%B8%D0%BD%D1%8C" title="Пиньинь — jakuta" lang="sah" hreflang="sah" data-title="Пиньинь" data-language-autonym="Саха тыла" data-language-local-name="jakuta" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Саха тыла</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sco mw-list-item"><a href="https://sco.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pinyin" title="Pinyin — skota" lang="sco" hreflang="sco" data-title="Pinyin" data-language-autonym="Scots" data-language-local-name="skota" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Scots</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pinjin" title="Pinjin — serbo-Kroata" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Pinjin" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="serbo-Kroata" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pinyin" title="Pinyin — Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Pinyin" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pchin-jin" title="Pchin-jin — slovaka" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Pchin-jin" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="slovaka" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pinjin" title="Pinjin — slovena" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Pinjin" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="slovena" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%B8%D0%BD%D1%98%D0%B8%D0%BD" title="Пинјин — serba" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Пинјин" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="serba" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-stq mw-list-item"><a href="https://stq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pinyin" title="Pinyin — Saterland Frisian" lang="stq" hreflang="stq" data-title="Pinyin" data-language-autonym="Seeltersk" data-language-local-name="Saterland Frisian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Seeltersk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pinyin" title="Pinyin — sveda" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Pinyin" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="sveda" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%AA%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%A9%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%AF%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%A9%E0%AF%8D" title="பின்யின் — tamila" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="பின்யின்" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="tamila" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>தமிழ்</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%9E%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%99" title="พินอิน — taja" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="พินอิน" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="taja" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tl mw-list-item"><a href="https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pinyin" title="Pinyin — tagaloga" lang="tl" hreflang="tl" data-title="Pinyin" data-language-autonym="Tagalog" data-language-local-name="tagaloga" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tagalog</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pinyin" title="Pinyin — turka" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Pinyin" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="turka" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tt mw-list-item"><a href="https://tt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pinyin" title="Pinyin — tatara" lang="tt" hreflang="tt" data-title="Pinyin" data-language-autonym="Татарча / tatarça" data-language-local-name="tatara" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Татарча / tatarça</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ug mw-list-item"><a href="https://ug.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%BE%D9%89%D9%86%D9%8A%D9%89%D9%86" title="پىنيىن — ujgura" lang="ug" hreflang="ug" data-title="پىنيىن" data-language-autonym="ئۇيغۇرچە / Uyghurche" data-language-local-name="ujgura" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ئۇيغۇرچە / Uyghurche</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D1%96%D0%BD%D1%8C%D1%97%D0%BD%D1%8C" title="Піньїнь — ukraina" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Піньїнь" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="ukraina" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%BE%DB%8C%D9%86%DB%8C%D9%86" title="پینین — urduo" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="پینین" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="urduo" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>اردو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pinyin" title="Pinyin — uzbeka" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="Pinyin" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="uzbeka" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/B%C3%ADnh_%C3%A2m_H%C3%A1n_ng%E1%BB%AF" title="Bính âm Hán ngữ — vjetnama" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Bính âm Hán ngữ" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="vjetnama" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-war mw-list-item"><a href="https://war.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pinyin" title="Pinyin — varaja" lang="war" hreflang="war" data-title="Pinyin" data-language-autonym="Winaray" data-language-local-name="varaja" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Winaray</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%B1%89%E8%AF%AD%E6%8B%BC%E9%9F%B3" title="汉语拼音 — vua" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="汉语拼音" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="vua" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>吴语</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-xal mw-list-item"><a href="https://xal.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%BD" title="Пинин — kalmuka" lang="xal" hreflang="xal" data-title="Пинин" data-language-autonym="Хальмг" data-language-local-name="kalmuka" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Хальмг</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-yo mw-list-item"><a href="https://yo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pinyin" title="Pinyin — joruba" lang="yo" hreflang="yo" data-title="Pinyin" data-language-autonym="Yorùbá" data-language-local-name="joruba" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Yorùbá</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-za mw-list-item"><a href="https://za.wikipedia.org/wiki/Binghyeam_Vahgun" title="Binghyeam Vahgun — ĝuanga" lang="za" hreflang="za" data-title="Binghyeam Vahgun" data-language-autonym="Vahcuengh" data-language-local-name="ĝuanga" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Vahcuengh</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%B1%89%E8%AF%AD%E6%8B%BC%E9%9F%B3" title="汉语拼音 — ĉina" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="汉语拼音" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="ĉina" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-classical mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-classical.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%BC%A2%E8%AA%9E%E6%8B%BC%E9%9F%B3" title="漢語拼音 — Literary Chinese" lang="lzh" hreflang="lzh" data-title="漢語拼音" data-language-autonym="文言" data-language-local-name="Literary Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>文言</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-min-nan mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-min-nan.wikipedia.org/wiki/H%C3%A0n-g%C3%AD_Pheng-im" title="Hàn-gí Pheng-im — Minnan" lang="nan" hreflang="nan" data-title="Hàn-gí Pheng-im" data-language-autonym="閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú" data-language-local-name="Minnan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%99%AE%E9%80%9A%E8%A9%B1%E6%8B%BC%E9%9F%B3" title="普通話拼音 — kantona" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="普通話拼音" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="kantona" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>粵語</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q42222#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Redakti interlingvajn ligilojn" class="wbc-editpage">Redakti ligilojn</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="Nomspacoj"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-nstab-main" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Pinjino" title="Vidi la artikolon [c]" accesskey="c"><span>Artikolo</span></a></li><li id="ca-talk" class="new vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Diskuto:Pinjino&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" rel="discussion" class="new" title="Diskuto pri la artikolo (paĝo ne ekzistas) [t]" accesskey="t"><span>Diskuto</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown emptyPortlet" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Ŝanĝi lingvan varianton" > <label id="vector-variants-dropdown-label" for="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Esperanto</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-variants" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-variants emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> <div id="right-navigation" class="vector-collapsible"> <nav aria-label="Vidoj"> <div id="p-views" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-views" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-view" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Pinjino"><span>Legi</span></a></li><li id="ca-ve-edit" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pinjino&amp;veaction=edit" title="Redakti ĉi tiun paĝon [v]" accesskey="v"><span>Redakti</span></a></li><li id="ca-edit" class="collapsible vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pinjino&amp;action=edit" title="Redakti fontan kodon de tiu ĉi paĝo [e]" accesskey="e"><span>Redakti fonton</span></a></li><li id="ca-history" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pinjino&amp;action=history" title="Antaŭaj versioj de ĉi tiu paĝo. [h]" accesskey="h"><span>Vidi historion</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Paĝaj iloj"> <div id="vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-tools-dropdown" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Iloj" > <label id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-label" for="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Iloj</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> <div id="vector-page-tools" class="vector-page-tools vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-page-tools-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-unpinned" data-feature-name="page-tools-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-page-tools" data-pinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Iloj</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.pin">movigi al flanka panelo</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.unpin">kaŝi</button> </div> <div id="p-cactions" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-cactions emptyPortlet vector-has-collapsible-items" title="Pliaj opcioj" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Agoj </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-more-view" class="selected vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Pinjino"><span>Legi</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-ve-edit" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pinjino&amp;veaction=edit" title="Redakti ĉi tiun paĝon [v]" accesskey="v"><span>Redakti</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-edit" class="collapsible vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pinjino&amp;action=edit" title="Redakti fontan kodon de tiu ĉi paĝo [e]" accesskey="e"><span>Redakti fonton</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-history" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pinjino&amp;action=history"><span>Vidi historion</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-tb" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-tb" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Ĝenerale </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="t-whatlinkshere" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Speciala%C4%B5o:Kio_ligas_%C4%89i_tien%3F/Pinjino" title="Listo de ĉiuj vikiaj paĝoj kiuj ligas ĉi tien [j]" accesskey="j"><span>Ligiloj ĉi tien</span></a></li><li id="t-recentchangeslinked" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Speciala%C4%B5o:Rilataj_%C5%9Dan%C4%9Doj/Pinjino" rel="nofollow" title="Lastaj ŝanĝoj en paĝoj kiuj ligas al ĉi tiu paĝo [k]" accesskey="k"><span>Rilataj ŝanĝoj</span></a></li><li id="t-upload" class="mw-list-item"><a href="//commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:UploadWizard?uselang=eo" title="Alŝuti dosierojn [u]" accesskey="u"><span>Alŝuti dosieron</span></a></li><li id="t-specialpages" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Speciala%C4%B5o:Specialaj_pa%C4%9Doj" title="Listo de ĉiuj specialaj paĝoj [q]" accesskey="q"><span>Specialaj paĝoj</span></a></li><li id="t-permalink" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pinjino&amp;oldid=8406952" title="Porĉiama ligilo al ĉi versio de la paĝo"><span>Konstanta ligilo</span></a></li><li id="t-info" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pinjino&amp;action=info" title="Pli da informo pri ĉi tiu paĝo"><span>Informoj pri la paĝo</span></a></li><li id="t-cite" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Speciala%C4%B5o:Citi&amp;page=Pinjino&amp;id=8406952&amp;wpFormIdentifier=titleform" title="Informoj pri kiel citi ĉi tiun paĝon"><span>Citi ĉi tiun artikolon</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Speciala%C4%B5o:UrlShortener&amp;url=https%3A%2F%2Feo.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2FPinjino"><span>Akiri mallongigitan URL</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener-qrcode" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Speciala%C4%B5o:QrCode&amp;url=https%3A%2F%2Feo.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2FPinjino"><span>Elŝutu QR-kodon</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-coll-print_export" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-coll-print_export" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Presi/elporti </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="coll-create_a_book" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Speciala%C4%B5o:Libro&amp;bookcmd=book_creator&amp;referer=Pinjino"><span>Krei libron</span></a></li><li id="coll-download-as-rl" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Speciala%C4%B5o:DownloadAsPdf&amp;page=Pinjino&amp;action=show-download-screen"><span>Elŝuti kiel PDF</span></a></li><li id="t-print" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pinjino&amp;printable=yes" title="Presebla versio de tiu ĉi paĝo [p]" accesskey="p"><span>Presebla versio</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-wikibase-otherprojects" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-wikibase-otherprojects" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> En aliaj projektoj </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-commons mw-list-item"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Pinyin" hreflang="en"><span>Vikimedia Komunejo</span></a></li><li id="t-wikibase" class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-wikibase-dataitem mw-list-item"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q42222" title="Ligilo al konektita datuma ero [g]" accesskey="g"><span>Ero en Vikidatumoj</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-column-end"> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Paĝaj iloj"> <div id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="Aspekto"> <div id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-appearance" class="vector-appearance vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-appearance-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="appearance-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-appearance" data-pinned-container-id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Aspekto</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.pin">movigi al flanka panelo</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.unpin">kaŝi</button> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div id="bodyContent" class="vector-body" aria-labelledby="firstHeading" data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">El Vikipedio, la libera enciklopedio</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"><span class="mw-redirectedfrom">(Alidirektita el <a href="/w/index.php?title=Pinjine&amp;redirect=no" class="mw-redirect" title="Pinjine">Pinjine</a>)</span></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="eo" dir="ltr"><p><b>Pinjino</b><sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> (<a href="/wiki/%C4%88ina_lingvo" class="mw-redirect" title="Ĉina lingvo">ĉine</a>&#160;<span class="lang-zh" lang="zh">汉语拼音</span>, <i><b>Hànyǔ pīnyīn</b></i>, "ĉinlingvaj kunmetitaj sonoj"; aŭ simpla <i>Pīnyīn</i>) estas la oficiala metodo en la <a href="/wiki/%C4%88inio" title="Ĉinio">Ĉeftera Ĉinio</a>, <a href="/wiki/Tajvano" title="Tajvano">Tajvano</a>, <a href="/wiki/Singapuro" title="Singapuro">Singapuro</a>, kaj <a href="/wiki/Malajzio" title="Malajzio">Malajzio</a> skribi la <a href="/wiki/%C4%88ina_Lingvo" class="mw-redirect" title="Ĉina Lingvo">ĉinan lingvon</a> per la <a href="/wiki/Latina_alfabeto" title="Latina alfabeto">latina alfabeto</a> anstataŭ per la tradicia <a href="/wiki/%C4%88ina_skribo" title="Ĉina skribo">ĉina skribo</a> (<span class="lang-zh" lang="zh">汉字</span>, <i><a href="/wiki/H%C3%A0nz%C3%AC" class="mw-redirect" title="Hànzì">hànzì</a></i>). Oni uzas pinjinon eksterlande por helpi lernantojn de la ĉina lingvo, por transskribi ĉinajn nomojn en aliaj lingvoj, kaj por instrui ĉinajn skribsignojn ĉe ĉinaj lernejoj. Ĉinparolantoj ofte uzas ĝin por tajpi ĉinajn signojn sur komputilojn kaj poŝtelefonojn. </p><p>La sistemo pinjino baziĝas sur la <a href="/wiki/Prononco" title="Prononco">prononco</a> de la oficiala norma formo de la ĉina lingvo, la <i><a href="/wiki/Norm%C4%89ina" class="mw-redirect" title="Normĉina">Pǔtōnghuà</a></i> (<span class="lang-zh" lang="zh">普通话</span>). </p><p>En <a href="/wiki/Anglalingva" class="mw-redirect" title="Anglalingva">anglalingvaj</a> landoj, <i>hanyu pinyin</i> anstataŭadas la antaŭan sistemon <i><a href="/wiki/Wade-Giles" title="Wade-Giles">Wade-Giles</a></i>. </p><p><a href="/wiki/Bopomofo" title="Bopomofo">Bopomofo</a> estas silabaro uzita en <a href="/wiki/Tajvano" title="Tajvano">Tajvano</a> por indiki prononcojn, por eduki infanojn pri elparolo, kaj por tajpi. Tamen, ekde 2009 Pinjino estas la oficiala maniero skribi ĉinajn vortojn per latinaj literoj en Tajvano. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Sonoj_kaj_literoj">Sonoj kaj literoj</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pinjino&amp;veaction=edit&amp;section=1" title="Redakti sekcion: Sonoj kaj literoj" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>redakti</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pinjino&amp;action=edit&amp;section=1" title="Redakti la fontkodo de la sekcio: Sonoj kaj literoj"><span>redakti fonton</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>La pinjinan sistemon oficialigis la <a href="/wiki/%C4%88ina_Komunista_Partio" class="mw-redirect" title="Ĉina Komunista Partio">Ĉina Komunista Partio</a> en 1958. Ĝi estis kreita de <a href="/wiki/Zhou_Youguang" title="Zhou Youguang">Zhou Youguang</a>. </p><p>Ĝi konsistas el 58 signoj, kiuj estas latinaj literoj kun tonmontraj supersignoj. La sonoj reprezentataj de la literoj en pinjino estas kelkdetale iom malkutimaj kompare kun aliaj lingvoj skribataj per latinaj literoj. Ekzemple <i>q</i>, <i>x</i> kaj <i>r</i> montras sonojn similajn al [<a href="/wiki/Helpo:Prononcindiko" title="Helpo:Prononcindiko">ĉ</a>], [<a href="/wiki/Helpo:Prononcindiko" title="Helpo:Prononcindiko">ŝ</a>] kaj [<a href="/wiki/Helpo:Prononcindiko" title="Helpo:Prononcindiko">ĵ</a>]; <i>h</i> (ekster la literkombinoj <i>ch, sh, zh</i>) havas la sonvaloron de <i>ĥ</i>. </p> <table cellspacing="0" cellpadding="2" border="1" style="text-align:center;border-collapse: collapse;"> <tbody><tr> <th>zhǔyīn </th> <th>pīnyīn </th> <th>Esperante </th> <th><b>IFA</b></th> <th>&#160; </th> <th>zhǔyīn </th> <th>pīnyīn </th> <th>Esperante </th> <td><b>IFA</b></td> <td>&#160; </td> <th>zhǔyīn </th> <th>pīnyīn </th> <th>Esperante </th> <td><b>IFA</b></td> <td>&#160; </td> <th>zhǔyīn </th> <th>pīnyīn </th> <th>Esperante </th> <th>IFA </th></tr> <tr> <td colspan="19" align="center">Konsonantoj (aŭ 聲母 shēngmǔ) </td></tr> <tr> <td>ㄅ</td> <td>b</td> <td>b</td> <td><span class="IPA"> b̥ </span></td> <td>&#160;</td> <td>ㄆ</td> <td>p</td> <td>p</td> <td><span class="IPA"> pʰ </span></td> <td>&#160; </td> <td>ㄇ</td> <td>m</td> <td>m</td> <td>m</td> <td>&#160;</td> <td>ㄈ</td> <td>f</td> <td>f</td> <td>f </td></tr> <tr> <td>ㄉ</td> <td>d</td> <td>d</td> <td><span class="IPA"> d̥ </span></td> <td>&#160;</td> <td>ㄊ</td> <td>t</td> <td>t</td> <td><span class="IPA"> tʰ </span></td> <td>&#160; </td> <td>ㄋ</td> <td>n</td> <td>n</td> <td>n</td> <td>&#160;</td> <td>ㄌ</td> <td>l</td> <td>l</td> <td>l </td></tr> <tr> <td>ㄍ</td> <td>g</td> <td>g</td> <td><span class="IPA"> g̊ </span></td> <td>&#160;</td> <td>ㄎ</td> <td>k</td> <td>k</td> <td><span class="IPA"> kʰ </span></td> <td>&#160; </td> <td>ㄏ</td> <td>h</td> <td>ĥ</td> <td>x</td> <td>&#160;</td> <td>&#160;</td> <td>&#160;</td> <td>&#160;</td> <td>&#160; </td></tr> <tr> <td>ㄐ</td> <td>j</td> <td>ĝj</td> <td><span class="IPA"> ʥ̥ </span></td> <td>&#160;</td> <td>ㄑ</td> <td>q</td> <td>ĉj</td> <td><span class="IPA"> ʨʰ </span></td> <td>&#160; </td> <td>ㄒ</td> <td>x</td> <td>ŝj</td> <td><span class="IPA"> ɕ </span></td> <td>&#160;</td> <td>ㄧ</td> <td>y</td> <td>j</td> <td>j </td></tr> <tr> <td>ㄓ</td> <td>zh (ẑ)</td> <td>ĝ</td> <td><span class="IPA"> ɖʐ̥ </span></td> <td>&#160;</td> <td>ㄔ</td> <td>ch (ĉ)</td> <td>ĉ</td> <td><span class="IPA"> ʈʂʰ </span></td> <td>&#160; </td> <td>ㄕ</td> <td>sh (ŝ)</td> <td>ŝ</td> <td><span class="IPA"> ʂ </span></td> <td>&#160;</td> <td>ㄖ</td> <td>r</td> <td>ĵ</td> <td><span class="IPA"> ʐ </span> </td></tr> <tr> <td>ㄗ</td> <td>z</td> <td>z</td> <td><span class="IPA"> ʣ̥ </span></td> <td>&#160;</td> <td>ㄘ</td> <td>c</td> <td>c</td> <td><span class="IPA"> ʦʰ </span></td> <td>&#160; </td> <td>ㄙ</td> <td>s</td> <td>s</td> <td>s</td> <td>&#160;</td> <td>ㄨ</td> <td>w</td> <td>ŭ</td> <td>w </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="19" align="center">Vokaloj (aŭ 韻母 yùnmǔ) </td></tr> <tr> <td>ㄚ</td> <td>a</td> <td>a</td> <td>a</td> <td>&#160;</td> <td>ㄛ</td> <td>o</td> <td>o</td> <td>o</td> <td>&#160; </td> <td>ㄜ</td> <td>e</td> <td>e</td> <td><span class="IPA"> ɤ </span></td> <td>&#160;</td> <td>ㄝ</td> <td>ê</td> <td>e</td> <td><span class="IPA"> ɛ </span> </td></tr> <tr> <td>ㄞ</td> <td>ai</td> <td>aj</td> <td>a<sup>i</sup></td> <td>&#160;</td> <td>ㄟ </td> <td>ei</td> <td>ej</td> <td>e<sup>i</sup></td> <td>&#160; </td> <td>ㄠ</td> <td>ao</td> <td>aŭ</td> <td><span class="IPA"> a<sup>ʊ</sup> </span></td> <td>&#160; </td> <td>ㄡ</td> <td>ou</td> <td>oŭ</td> <td>o<sup>u</sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td>ㄢ</td> <td>an</td> <td>an</td> <td>an</td> <td>&#160;</td> <td>ㄣ</td> <td>en</td> <td>en</td> <td><span class="IPA"> ǝn </span></td> <td>&#160; </td> <td>ㄤ</td> <td>ang (aŋ)</td> <td>ang</td> <td><span class="IPA"> ɑŋ </span></td> <td>&#160;</td> <td>ㄥ</td> <td>eng (eŋ)</td> <td>eng</td> <td><span class="IPA"> ǝŋ </span> </td></tr> <tr> <td>ㄩ</td> <td>ü</td> <td>u</td> <td>y</td> <td>&#160;</td> <td>ㄧ</td> <td>i</td> <td>i</td> <td>i</td> <td>&#160; </td> <td>ㄨ</td> <td>u</td> <td>u</td> <td>u</td> <td>&#160;</td> <td>ㄦ</td> <td>er</td> <td>er</td> <td><span class="IPA"> ɚ </span> </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Tono">Tono</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pinjino&amp;veaction=edit&amp;section=2" title="Redakti sekcion: Tono" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>redakti</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pinjino&amp;action=edit&amp;section=2" title="Redakti la fontkodo de la sekcio: Tono"><span>redakti fonton</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Dosiero:Pinyin_Tone_Chart-eo.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/72/Pinyin_Tone_Chart-eo.svg/200px-Pinyin_Tone_Chart-eo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="200" height="321" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/72/Pinyin_Tone_Chart-eo.svg/300px-Pinyin_Tone_Chart-eo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/72/Pinyin_Tone_Chart-eo.svg/400px-Pinyin_Tone_Chart-eo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="436" data-file-height="700" /></a><figcaption><center>relativa ŝanĝo de la sonalto en la tonoj</center></figcaption></figure> <p>La ĉina estas <a href="/wiki/Tona_lingvo" class="mw-redirect" title="Tona lingvo">tona lingvo</a>. Tio signifas ke vortoj distingiĝas ne nur per konsonantoj kaj vokaloj, sed ankaŭ per <a href="/wiki/Tono" class="mw-disambig" title="Tono">tonoj</a>. La nombro de tonoj malsamas en la diversaj variantoj de la ĉina, sed en la norma lingvo ili estas 4: </p> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Dosiero:Pinyinacc.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8c/Pinyinacc.png/150px-Pinyinacc.png" decoding="async" width="150" height="33" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8c/Pinyinacc.png/225px-Pinyinacc.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/8/8c/Pinyinacc.png 2x" data-file-width="229" data-file-height="50" /></a><figcaption><center>La tonaj supersignoj</center></figcaption></figure> <ol><li>– Alta, plata tono, aŭ "ā"</li> <li>/ Plialtiĝanta tono, aŭ "á"</li> <li>v Falanta, poste plialtiĝanta tono, aŭ "ǎ"</li> <li>\ Falanta tono, aŭ "à"</li></ol> <p>Oficiale oni montru la tonojn per kromsignoj super la vokalo de ĉiu silabo, sed la kromsignoj ofte estas ellasataj en alilandaj transskriboj. Fojfoje, kiam la kromsignoj estas nedisponeblaj, oni anstataŭe montras la tonojn per la numero de la tono post ĉiu silabo: <i>pu3tong1hua4</i> anstataŭ <i>pǔtōnghuà</i> </p><p>Klasika ekzemplo estas la sono "yan", kies signifojn oni vicumas sur paĝoj – interalie fumo (yān, <span class="lang-zh" lang="zh">烟</span>), lingvo (yán, <span class="lang-zh" lang="zh">言</span>), roko (yán <span class="lang-zh" lang="zh">岩</span>), okulo (yǎn, <span class="lang-zh" lang="zh">眼</span>), aŭ hirundo (yàn, <span class="lang-zh" lang="zh">燕</span>), sed ĉiu havas apartan signon. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Vidu_ankaŭ"><span id="Vidu_anka.C5.AD"></span>Vidu ankaŭ</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pinjino&amp;veaction=edit&amp;section=3" title="Redakti sekcion: Vidu ankaŭ" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>redakti</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pinjino&amp;action=edit&amp;section=3" title="Redakti la fontkodo de la sekcio: Vidu ankaŭ"><span>redakti fonton</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%C4%88ina_skribo" title="Ĉina skribo">Ĉina skribo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Esperantigo_de_vortoj_el_%C4%89ina_fonto" title="Esperantigo de vortoj el ĉina fonto">Esperantigo de vortoj el ĉina fonto</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Eksteraj_ligiloj">Eksteraj ligiloj</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pinjino&amp;veaction=edit&amp;section=4" title="Redakti sekcion: Eksteraj ligiloj" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>redakti</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pinjino&amp;action=edit&amp;section=4" title="Redakti la fontkodo de la sekcio: Eksteraj ligiloj"><span>redakti fonton</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="noprint" id="aliaj_projektoj" style="float: right; clear: right; width: 250px; border: 1px solid #aaa; padding: 4px; font-size: 90%; background: #f9f9f9;"> <ul class="noarchive"><li class="commons"><span class="plainlinks"><a class="external text" href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Pinyin?uselang=eo">Kategorio Pinjino en la <span>Vikimedia Komunejo</span></a> (Multrimedaj datumoj)</span> </li></ul> </div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.esperanto.be/fel/mon/006399.html">Transskribo de la ĉina</a><span title="Kelkfoje okazas, ke ligilo en Vikipedio ne plu atingeblas. Se eble, trovu la korektan ligilon kaj enmeti ĝin ĉi tie, alikaze forigu la ligilon kaj, se tio temas pri noto, enmetu la ŝablonon &#123;&#123;citon&#125;&#125;." style="background:#ffeaea; color:#444444"></span><sup class="noprint" title="Kelkfoje okazas, ke ligilo en Vikipedio ne plu atingeblas. Se eble, trovu la korektan ligilon kaj enmeti ĝin ĉi tie, alikaze forigu la ligilon kaj, se tio temas pri noto, enmetu la ŝablonon &#123;&#123;citon&#125;&#125;." style="color:red;">&#91;<i>rompita ligilo</i>&#93;</sup> – artikolo de <a href="/wiki/Monato" title="Monato">Monato</a> pri prononcado de vortoj skribitaj per pinjino]</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Angla_lingvo" title="Angla lingvo"><span style="color:var(--color-subtle, #54595d);">angle</span></a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.pinyin.info">Informo pri hanyu pinyin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Angla_lingvo" title="Angla lingvo"><span style="color:var(--color-subtle, #54595d);">angle</span></a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.math.nus.edu.sg/aslaksen/read.shtml">Legi/skribi uzante Unikodon</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Referencoj">Referencoj</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pinjino&amp;veaction=edit&amp;section=5" title="Redakti sekcion: Referencoj" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>redakti</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pinjino&amp;action=edit&amp;section=5" title="Redakti la fontkodo de la sekcio: Referencoj"><span>redakti fonton</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="reflist references-small" style="padding-right: 6px;"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><a href="#cite_ref-1">↑</a> <span class="reference-text">PIV</span> </li> </ol></div></div><!--esi <esi:include src="/esitest-fa8a495983347898/content" /> --><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Elŝutita el "<a dir="ltr" href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Pinjino&amp;oldid=8406952">https://eo.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Pinjino&amp;oldid=8406952</a>"</div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface"><div id="mw-normal-catlinks" class="mw-normal-catlinks"><a href="/wiki/Speciala%C4%B5o:Kategorioj" title="Specialaĵo:Kategorioj">Kategorioj</a>: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kategorio:%C4%88ina_skribo" title="Kategorio:Ĉina skribo">Ĉina skribo</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Kategorio:Transliteruma_sistemo" title="Kategorio:Transliteruma sistemo">Transliteruma sistemo</a></li></ul></div><div id="mw-hidden-catlinks" class="mw-hidden-catlinks mw-hidden-cats-hidden">Kaŝita kategorio: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kategorio:Artikoloj_kun_rompitaj_ligiloj" title="Kategorio:Artikoloj kun rompitaj ligiloj">Artikoloj kun rompitaj ligiloj</a></li></ul></div></div> </div> </main> </div> <div class="mw-footer-container"> <footer id="footer" class="mw-footer" > <ul id="footer-info"> <li id="footer-info-lastmod"> Ĉi tiu paĝo estis lastafoje redaktita je 16:23, 22 okt. 2023.</li> <li id="footer-info-copyright">La teksto disponeblas laŭ la permesilo <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/deed.eo">Krea Komunaĵo Atribuite-Samkondiĉe 4.0 Neadaptita</a>; eble aldonaj kondiĉoj aplikeblas. 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