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class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Indigenous"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 2.1 Indigenous </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Indigenous-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Spanish_period" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Spanish_period"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 2.2 Spanish period </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Spanish_period-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Mexican_period" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Mexican_period"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 2.3 Mexican period </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Mexican_period-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-U.S._conquest_and_the_California_Republic" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#U.S._conquest_and_the_California_Republic"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 2.4 U.S. conquest and the California Republic </div> </a> <ul id="toc-U.S._conquest_and_the_California_Republic-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Early_American_period" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Early_American_period"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 2.5 Early American period </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Early_American_period-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-California_genocide" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#California_genocide"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 2.5.1 California genocide </div> </a> <ul id="toc-California_genocide-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-1900–present" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#1900–present"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 2.6 1900–present </div> </a> <ul id="toc-1900–present-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Geography" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Geography"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 3 Geography </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Geography-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> Toggle Geography subsection </button> <ul id="toc-Geography-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Climate" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Climate"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 3.1 Climate </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Climate-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Ecology" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Ecology"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 3.2 Ecology </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Ecology-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Flora_and_fauna" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Flora_and_fauna"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 3.3 Flora and fauna </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Flora_and_fauna-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Rivers" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Rivers"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 3.4 Rivers </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Rivers-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Regions" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Regions"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 3.5 Regions </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Regions-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Cities_and_towns" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Cities_and_towns"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 3.6 Cities and towns </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Cities_and_towns-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Demographics" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Demographics"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 4 Demographics </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Demographics-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> Toggle Demographics subsection </button> <ul id="toc-Demographics-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Population" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Population"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 4.1 Population </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Population-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Race_and_ethnicity" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Race_and_ethnicity"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 4.2 Race and ethnicity </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Race_and_ethnicity-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Languages" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Languages"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 4.3 Languages </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Languages-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Religion" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Religion"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 4.4 Religion </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Religion-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Culture" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Culture"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 5 Culture </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Culture-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> Toggle Culture subsection </button> <ul id="toc-Culture-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Media_and_entertainment" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Media_and_entertainment"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 5.1 Media and entertainment </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Media_and_entertainment-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Sports" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Sports"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 5.2 Sports </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Sports-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Education" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Education"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 6 Education </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Education-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> Toggle Education subsection </button> <ul id="toc-Education-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Higher_education" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Higher_education"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 6.1 Higher education </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Higher_education-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Economy" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Economy"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 7 Economy </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Economy-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> Toggle Economy subsection </button> <ul id="toc-Economy-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Agriculture" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Agriculture"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 7.1 Agriculture </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Agriculture-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Income" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Income"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 7.2 Income </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Income-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-State_finances" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#State_finances"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 7.3 State finances </div> </a> <ul id="toc-State_finances-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Infrastructure" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Infrastructure"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 8 Infrastructure </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Infrastructure-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> Toggle Infrastructure subsection </button> <ul id="toc-Infrastructure-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Energy" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Energy"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 8.1 Energy </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Energy-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Transportation" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Transportation"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 8.2 Transportation </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Transportation-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Highways" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Highways"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 8.2.1 Highways </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Highways-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Air_travel" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Air_travel"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 8.2.2 Air travel </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Air_travel-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Railroads" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Railroads"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 8.2.3 Railroads </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Railroads-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Busses" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Busses"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 8.2.4 Busses </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Busses-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Water" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Water"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 8.3 Water </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Water-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Government_and_politics" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Government_and_politics"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 9 Government and politics </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Government_and_politics-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> Toggle Government and politics subsection </button> <ul id="toc-Government_and_politics-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-State_government" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#State_government"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 9.1 State government </div> </a> <ul id="toc-State_government-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Executive_branch" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Executive_branch"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 9.1.1 Executive branch </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Executive_branch-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Legislative_branch" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Legislative_branch"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 9.1.2 Legislative branch </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Legislative_branch-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Judicial_branch" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Judicial_branch"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 9.1.3 Judicial branch </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Judicial_branch-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Local_government" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Local_government"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 9.2 Local government </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Local_government-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Counties" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Counties"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 9.2.1 Counties </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Counties-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-City_and_town_governments" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#City_and_town_governments"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 9.2.2 City and town governments </div> </a> <ul id="toc-City_and_town_governments-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-School_districts_and_special_districts" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#School_districts_and_special_districts"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 9.2.3 School districts and special districts </div> </a> <ul id="toc-School_districts_and_special_districts-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Federal_representation" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Federal_representation"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 9.3 Federal representation </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Federal_representation-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Armed_forces" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Armed_forces"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 9.4 Armed forces </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Armed_forces-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Politics" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Politics"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 9.5 Politics </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Politics-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Twinned_regions" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Twinned_regions"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 9.6 Twinned regions </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Twinned_regions-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 10 See also </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Notes" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Notes"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 11 Notes </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Notes-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 12 References </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-References-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> Toggle References subsection </button> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Citations" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Citations"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 12.1 Citations </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Citations-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Works_cited" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Works_cited"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 12.2 Works cited </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Works_cited-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Further_reading" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Further_reading"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 13 Further reading </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Further_reading-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 14 External links </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" > Toggle the table of contents </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading">California</h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 220 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-220" aria-hidden="true" > 220 languages </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kaliforni%C3%AB" title="Kalifornië – Afrikaans" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="Kalifornië" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="Afrikaans" class="interlanguage-link-target">Afrikaans</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-als mw-list-item"><a href="https://als.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kalifornien" title="Kalifornien – Alemannic" lang="gsw" hreflang="gsw" data-title="Kalifornien" data-language-autonym="Alemannisch" data-language-local-name="Alemannic" class="interlanguage-link-target">Alemannisch</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-am mw-list-item"><a href="https://am.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%8A%AB%E1%88%8A%E1%8D%8E%E1%88%AD%E1%8A%92%E1%8B%AB" title="ካሊፎርኒያ – Amharic" lang="am" hreflang="am" data-title="ካሊፎርኒያ" data-language-autonym="አማርኛ" data-language-local-name="Amharic" class="interlanguage-link-target">አማርኛ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-smn mw-list-item"><a href="https://smn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kalifornia" title="Kalifornia – Inari Sami" lang="smn" hreflang="smn" data-title="Kalifornia" data-language-autonym="Anarâškielâ" data-language-local-name="Inari Sami" class="interlanguage-link-target">Anarâškielâ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ang mw-list-item"><a href="https://ang.wikipedia.org/wiki/California" title="California – Old English" lang="ang" hreflang="ang" data-title="California" data-language-autonym="Ænglisc" data-language-local-name="Old English" class="interlanguage-link-target">Ænglisc</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%83%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%8A%D9%81%D9%88%D8%B1%D9%86%D9%8A%D8%A7" title="كاليفورنيا – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="كاليفورنيا" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target">العربية</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-an mw-list-item"><a href="https://an.wikipedia.org/wiki/California" title="California – Aragonese" lang="an" hreflang="an" data-title="California" data-language-autonym="Aragonés" data-language-local-name="Aragonese" class="interlanguage-link-target">Aragonés</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arc mw-list-item"><a href="https://arc.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DC%9F%DC%90%DC%A0%DC%A6%DC%98%DC%AA%DC%A2%DC%9D%DC%90" title="ܟܐܠܦܘܪܢܝܐ – Aramaic" lang="arc" hreflang="arc" data-title="ܟܐܠܦܘܪܢܝܐ" data-language-autonym="ܐܪܡܝܐ" data-language-local-name="Aramaic" class="interlanguage-link-target">ܐܪܡܝܐ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hyw mw-list-item"><a href="https://hyw.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D5%94%D5%A1%D5%AC%D5%AB%D6%86%D5%B8%D6%80%D5%B6%D5%AB%D5%A1" title="Քալիֆորնիա – Western Armenian" lang="hyw" hreflang="hyw" data-title="Քալիֆորնիա" data-language-autonym="Արեւմտահայերէն" data-language-local-name="Western Armenian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Արեւմտահայերէն</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-frp mw-list-item"><a href="https://frp.wikipedia.org/wiki/California" title="California – Arpitan" lang="frp" hreflang="frp" data-title="California" data-language-autonym="Arpetan" data-language-local-name="Arpitan" class="interlanguage-link-target">Arpetan</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/California" title="California – Asturian" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="California" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="Asturian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Asturianu</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gn mw-list-item"><a href="https://gn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kalif%C3%B3rnia" title="Kalifórnia – Guarani" lang="gn" hreflang="gn" data-title="Kalifórnia" data-language-autonym="Avañe'ẽ" data-language-local-name="Guarani" class="interlanguage-link-target">Avañe'ẽ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ay mw-list-item"><a href="https://ay.wikipedia.org/wiki/California_suyu" title="California suyu – Aymara" lang="ay" hreflang="ay" data-title="California suyu" data-language-autonym="Aymar aru" data-language-local-name="Aymara" class="interlanguage-link-target">Aymar aru</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kaliforniya" title="Kaliforniya – Azerbaijani" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Kaliforniya" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target">Azərbaycanca</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-azb mw-list-item"><a href="https://azb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%A9%D8%A7%D9%84%DB%8C%D9%81%D9%88%D8%B1%D9%86%DB%8C%D8%A7" title="کالیفورنیا – South Azerbaijani" lang="azb" hreflang="azb" data-title="کالیفورنیا" data-language-autonym="تۆرکجه" data-language-local-name="South Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target">تۆرکجه</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ban mw-list-item"><a href="https://ban.wikipedia.org/wiki/California" title="California – Balinese" lang="ban" hreflang="ban" data-title="California" data-language-autonym="Basa Bali" data-language-local-name="Balinese" class="interlanguage-link-target">Basa Bali</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%95%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%AF%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%B2%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%AB%E0%A7%8B%E0%A6%B0%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%A8%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%AF%E0%A6%BC%E0%A6%BE" title="ক্যালিফোর্নিয়া – Bangla" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="ক্যালিফোর্নিয়া" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="Bangla" class="interlanguage-link-target">বাংলা</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-min-nan mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-min-nan.wikipedia.org/wiki/California" title="California – Minnan" lang="nan" hreflang="nan" data-title="California" data-language-autonym="閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú" data-language-local-name="Minnan" class="interlanguage-link-target">閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ba mw-list-item"><a href="https://ba.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B8%D1%84%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Калифорния – Bashkir" lang="ba" hreflang="ba" data-title="Калифорния" data-language-autonym="Башҡортса" data-language-local-name="Bashkir" class="interlanguage-link-target">Башҡортса</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%96%D1%84%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BD%D1%96%D1%8F" title="Каліфорнія – Belarusian" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Каліфорнія" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="Belarusian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Беларуская</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be-x-old mw-list-item"><a href="https://be-tarask.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%96%D1%84%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BD%D1%96%D1%8F" title="Каліфорнія – Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" lang="be-tarask" hreflang="be-tarask" data-title="Каліфорнія" data-language-autonym="Беларуская (тарашкевіца)" data-language-local-name="Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" class="interlanguage-link-target">Беларуская (тарашкевіца)</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bh mw-list-item"><a href="https://bh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%88%E0%A4%B2%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%AB%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A8%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%BE" title="कैलिफोर्निया – Bhojpuri" lang="bh" hreflang="bh" data-title="कैलिफोर्निया" data-language-autonym="भोजपुरी" data-language-local-name="Bhojpuri" class="interlanguage-link-target">भोजपुरी</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bcl mw-list-item"><a href="https://bcl.wikipedia.org/wiki/California" title="California – Central Bikol" lang="bcl" hreflang="bcl" data-title="California" data-language-autonym="Bikol Central" data-language-local-name="Central Bikol" class="interlanguage-link-target">Bikol Central</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bi mw-list-item"><a href="https://bi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kalifornia" title="Kalifornia – Bislama" lang="bi" hreflang="bi" data-title="Kalifornia" data-language-autonym="Bislama" data-language-local-name="Bislama" class="interlanguage-link-target">Bislama</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B8%D1%84%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Калифорния – Bulgarian" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Калифорния" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgarian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Български</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bar mw-list-item"><a href="https://bar.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kalifornien" title="Kalifornien – Bavarian" lang="bar" hreflang="bar" data-title="Kalifornien" data-language-autonym="Boarisch" data-language-local-name="Bavarian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Boarisch</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bo mw-list-item"><a href="https://bo.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%BD%81%E0%BE%B0%E0%BC%8B%E0%BD%A3%E0%BD%BA%E0%BC%8B%E0%BD%A7%E0%BE%A5%E0%BD%BC%E0%BD%A2%E0%BC%8B%E0%BD%93%E0%BD%B2%E0%BC%8B%E0%BD%A1%E0%BC%8D" title="ཁྰ་ལེ་ཧྥོར་ནི་ཡ། – Tibetan" lang="bo" hreflang="bo" data-title="ཁྰ་ལེ་ཧྥོར་ནི་ཡ།" data-language-autonym="བོད་ཡིག" data-language-local-name="Tibetan" class="interlanguage-link-target">བོད་ཡིག</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bs mw-list-item"><a href="https://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kalifornija" title="Kalifornija – Bosnian" lang="bs" hreflang="bs" data-title="Kalifornija" data-language-autonym="Bosanski" data-language-local-name="Bosnian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Bosanski</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-br mw-list-item"><a href="https://br.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kalifornia" title="Kalifornia – Breton" lang="br" hreflang="br" data-title="Kalifornia" data-language-autonym="Brezhoneg" data-language-local-name="Breton" class="interlanguage-link-target">Brezhoneg</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bxr mw-list-item"><a href="https://bxr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B8%D1%84%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BD%D0%B8" title="Калифорни – Russia Buriat" lang="bxr" hreflang="bxr" data-title="Калифорни" data-language-autonym="Буряад" data-language-local-name="Russia Buriat" class="interlanguage-link-target">Буряад</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Calif%C3%B2rnia" title="Califòrnia – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Califòrnia" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target">Català</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cv mw-list-item"><a href="https://cv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B8%D1%84%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BD%D0%B8" title="Калифорни – Chuvash" lang="cv" hreflang="cv" data-title="Калифорни" data-language-autonym="Чӑвашла" data-language-local-name="Chuvash" class="interlanguage-link-target">Чӑвашла</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ceb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ceb.wikipedia.org/wiki/California" title="California – Cebuano" lang="ceb" hreflang="ceb" data-title="California" data-language-autonym="Cebuano" data-language-local-name="Cebuano" class="interlanguage-link-target">Cebuano</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kalifornie" title="Kalifornie – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Kalifornie" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target">Čeština</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cbk-zam mw-list-item"><a href="https://cbk-zam.wikipedia.org/wiki/California" title="California – Chavacano" lang="cbk" hreflang="cbk" data-title="California" data-language-autonym="Chavacano de Zamboanga" data-language-local-name="Chavacano" class="interlanguage-link-target">Chavacano de Zamboanga</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-co mw-list-item"><a href="https://co.wikipedia.org/wiki/California" title="California – Corsican" lang="co" hreflang="co" data-title="California" data-language-autonym="Corsu" data-language-local-name="Corsican" class="interlanguage-link-target">Corsu</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Califfornia" title="Califfornia – Welsh" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="Califfornia" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="Welsh" class="interlanguage-link-target">Cymraeg</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-dag mw-list-item"><a href="https://dag.wikipedia.org/wiki/California" title="California – Dagbani" lang="dag" hreflang="dag" data-title="California" data-language-autonym="Dagbanli" data-language-local-name="Dagbani" class="interlanguage-link-target">Dagbanli</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Californien" title="Californien – Danish" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Californien" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Danish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Dansk</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ary mw-list-item"><a href="https://ary.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%83%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%8A%D9%81%D9%88%D8%B1%D9%86%D9%8A%D8%A7" title="كاليفورنيا – Moroccan Arabic" lang="ary" hreflang="ary" data-title="كاليفورنيا" data-language-autonym="الدارجة" data-language-local-name="Moroccan Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target">الدارجة</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-se mw-list-item"><a href="https://se.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kalifornia" title="Kalifornia – Northern Sami" lang="se" hreflang="se" data-title="Kalifornia" data-language-autonym="Davvisámegiella" data-language-local-name="Northern Sami" class="interlanguage-link-target">Davvisámegiella</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pdc mw-list-item"><a href="https://pdc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kalifornie" title="Kalifornie – Pennsylvania German" lang="pdc" hreflang="pdc" data-title="Kalifornie" data-language-autonym="Deitsch" data-language-local-name="Pennsylvania German" class="interlanguage-link-target">Deitsch</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kalifornien" title="Kalifornien – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Kalifornien" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target">Deutsch</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nv mw-list-item"><a href="https://nv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ah%C3%A9%C3%A9h%C3%A1sh%C4%AF%CC%81%C4%AF%CC%81h_Hahoodzo" title="Ahééháshį́į́h Hahoodzo – Navajo" lang="nv" hreflang="nv" data-title="Ahééháshį́į́h Hahoodzo" data-language-autonym="Diné bizaad" data-language-local-name="Navajo" class="interlanguage-link-target">Diné bizaad</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-dsb mw-list-item"><a href="https://dsb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kaliforniska" title="Kaliforniska – Lower Sorbian" lang="dsb" hreflang="dsb" data-title="Kaliforniska" data-language-autonym="Dolnoserbski" data-language-local-name="Lower Sorbian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Dolnoserbski</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/California" title="California – Estonian" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="California" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="Estonian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Eesti</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%9A%CE%B1%CE%BB%CE%B9%CF%86%CF%8C%CF%81%CE%BD%CE%B9%CE%B1" title="Καλιφόρνια – Greek" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Καλιφόρνια" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="Greek" class="interlanguage-link-target">Ελληνικά</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eml mw-list-item"><a href="https://eml.wikipedia.org/wiki/Calif%C3%B2rgna" title="Califòrgna – Emiliano-Romagnolo" lang="egl" hreflang="egl" data-title="Califòrgna" data-language-autonym="Emiliàn e rumagnòl" data-language-local-name="Emiliano-Romagnolo" class="interlanguage-link-target">Emiliàn e rumagnòl</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/California" title="California – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="California" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Español</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kalifornio" title="Kalifornio – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Kalifornio" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target">Esperanto</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kalifornia" title="Kalifornia – Basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Kalifornia" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Basque" class="interlanguage-link-target">Euskara</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%A9%D8%A7%D9%84%DB%8C%D9%81%D8%B1%D9%86%DB%8C%D8%A7" title="کالیفرنیا – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="کالیفرنیا" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target">فارسی</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hif mw-list-item"><a href="https://hif.wikipedia.org/wiki/California" title="California – Fiji Hindi" lang="hif" hreflang="hif" data-title="California" data-language-autonym="Fiji Hindi" data-language-local-name="Fiji Hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target">Fiji Hindi</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fo badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="featured article badge"><a href="https://fo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kalifornia" title="Kalifornia – Faroese" lang="fo" hreflang="fo" data-title="Kalifornia" data-language-autonym="Føroyskt" data-language-local-name="Faroese" class="interlanguage-link-target">Føroyskt</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Californie" title="Californie – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Californie" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target">Français</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fy mw-list-item"><a href="https://fy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kalifornje" title="Kalifornje – Western Frisian" lang="fy" hreflang="fy" data-title="Kalifornje" data-language-autonym="Frysk" data-language-local-name="Western Frisian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Frysk</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ga mw-list-item"><a href="https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/California" title="California – Irish" lang="ga" hreflang="ga" data-title="California" data-language-autonym="Gaeilge" data-language-local-name="Irish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Gaeilge</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gv mw-list-item"><a href="https://gv.wikipedia.org/wiki/California" title="California – Manx" lang="gv" hreflang="gv" data-title="California" data-language-autonym="Gaelg" data-language-local-name="Manx" class="interlanguage-link-target">Gaelg</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gag mw-list-item"><a href="https://gag.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kaliforniya" title="Kaliforniya – Gagauz" lang="gag" hreflang="gag" data-title="Kaliforniya" data-language-autonym="Gagauz" data-language-local-name="Gagauz" class="interlanguage-link-target">Gagauz</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gd mw-list-item"><a href="https://gd.wikipedia.org/wiki/Calaf%C3%B2rnia" title="Calafòrnia – Scottish Gaelic" lang="gd" hreflang="gd" data-title="Calafòrnia" data-language-autonym="Gàidhlig" data-language-local-name="Scottish Gaelic" class="interlanguage-link-target">Gàidhlig</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/California" title="California – Galician" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="California" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="Galician" class="interlanguage-link-target">Galego</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gan mw-list-item"><a href="https://gan.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%8A%A0%E5%88%A9%E7%A6%8F%E5%B0%BC%E4%BA%9E%E5%B7%9E" title="加利福尼亞州 – Gan" lang="gan" hreflang="gan" data-title="加利福尼亞州" data-language-autonym="贛語" data-language-local-name="Gan" class="interlanguage-link-target">贛語</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-glk mw-list-item"><a href="https://glk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%A9%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%8A%D9%81%D8%A4%D8%B1%D9%86%D9%8A%D8%A7" title="کاليفؤرنيا – Gilaki" lang="glk" hreflang="glk" data-title="کاليفؤرنيا" data-language-autonym="گیلکی" data-language-local-name="Gilaki" class="interlanguage-link-target">گیلکی</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gu mw-list-item"><a href="https://gu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AA%95%E0%AB%87%E0%AA%B2%E0%AA%BF%E0%AA%AB%E0%AB%8B%E0%AA%B0%E0%AB%8D%E0%AA%A8%E0%AA%BF%E0%AA%AF%E0%AA%BE" title="કેલિફોર્નિયા – Gujarati" lang="gu" hreflang="gu" data-title="કેલિફોર્નિયા" data-language-autonym="ગુજરાતી" data-language-local-name="Gujarati" class="interlanguage-link-target">ગુજરાતી</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-got mw-list-item"><a href="https://got.wikipedia.org/wiki/%F0%90%8C%BA%F0%90%8C%B0%F0%90%8C%BB%F0%90%8C%B9%F0%90%8D%86%F0%90%8C%B0%F0%90%8C%BF%F0%90%8D%82%F0%90%8C%BD%F0%90%8C%BE%F0%90%8C%B0" title="𐌺𐌰𐌻𐌹𐍆𐌰𐌿𐍂𐌽𐌾𐌰 – Gothic" lang="got" hreflang="got" data-title="𐌺𐌰𐌻𐌹𐍆𐌰𐌿𐍂𐌽𐌾𐌰" data-language-autonym="𐌲𐌿𐍄𐌹𐍃𐌺" data-language-local-name="Gothic" class="interlanguage-link-target">𐌲𐌿𐍄𐌹𐍃𐌺</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hak mw-list-item"><a href="https://hak.wikipedia.org/wiki/California" title="California – Hakka Chinese" lang="hak" hreflang="hak" data-title="California" data-language-autonym="客家語 / Hak-kâ-ngî" data-language-local-name="Hakka Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target">客家語 / Hak-kâ-ngî</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EC%BA%98%EB%A6%AC%ED%8F%AC%EB%8B%88%EC%95%84%EC%A3%BC" title="캘리포니아주 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="캘리포니아주" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target">한국어</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ha mw-list-item"><a href="https://ha.wikipedia.org/wiki/California" title="California – Hausa" lang="ha" hreflang="ha" data-title="California" data-language-autonym="Hausa" data-language-local-name="Hausa" class="interlanguage-link-target">Hausa</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-haw mw-list-item"><a href="https://haw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kaleponi" title="Kaleponi – Hawaiian" lang="haw" hreflang="haw" data-title="Kaleponi" data-language-autonym="Hawaiʻi" data-language-local-name="Hawaiian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Hawaiʻi</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D4%BF%D5%A1%D5%AC%D5%AB%D6%86%D5%B8%D5%BC%D5%B6%D5%AB%D5%A1" title="Կալիֆոռնիա – Armenian" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Կալիֆոռնիա" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="Armenian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Հայերեն</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%88%E0%A4%B2%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%AB%E0%A4%BC%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A8%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%BE" title="कैलिफ़ोर्निया – Hindi" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="कैलिफ़ोर्निया" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="Hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target">हिन्दी</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hsb mw-list-item"><a href="https://hsb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kaliforniska" title="Kaliforniska – Upper Sorbian" lang="hsb" hreflang="hsb" data-title="Kaliforniska" data-language-autonym="Hornjoserbsce" data-language-local-name="Upper Sorbian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Hornjoserbsce</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kalifornija" title="Kalifornija – Croatian" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Kalifornija" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Hrvatski</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-io mw-list-item"><a href="https://io.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kalifornia" title="Kalifornia – Ido" lang="io" hreflang="io" data-title="Kalifornia" data-language-autonym="Ido" data-language-local-name="Ido" class="interlanguage-link-target">Ido</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ig mw-list-item"><a href="https://ig.wikipedia.org/wiki/California" title="California – Igbo" lang="ig" hreflang="ig" data-title="California" data-language-autonym="Igbo" data-language-local-name="Igbo" class="interlanguage-link-target">Igbo</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ilo mw-list-item"><a href="https://ilo.wikipedia.org/wiki/California" title="California – Iloko" lang="ilo" hreflang="ilo" data-title="California" data-language-autonym="Ilokano" data-language-local-name="Iloko" class="interlanguage-link-target">Ilokano</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bpy mw-list-item"><a href="https://bpy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%95%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%AF%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%B2%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%AB%E0%A7%8B%E0%A6%B0%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%A8%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%AF%E0%A6%BC%E0%A6%BE" title="ক্যালিফোর্নিয়া – Bishnupriya" lang="bpy" hreflang="bpy" data-title="ক্যালিফোর্নিয়া" data-language-autonym="বিষ্ণুপ্রিয়া মণিপুরী" data-language-local-name="Bishnupriya" class="interlanguage-link-target">বিষ্ণুপ্রিয়া মণিপুরী</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/California" title="California – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="California" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Bahasa Indonesia</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ia mw-list-item"><a href="https://ia.wikipedia.org/wiki/California" title="California – Interlingua" lang="ia" hreflang="ia" data-title="California" data-language-autonym="Interlingua" data-language-local-name="Interlingua" class="interlanguage-link-target">Interlingua</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ie mw-list-item"><a href="https://ie.wikipedia.org/wiki/California" title="California – Interlingue" lang="ie" hreflang="ie" data-title="California" data-language-autonym="Interlingue" data-language-local-name="Interlingue" class="interlanguage-link-target">Interlingue</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-iu mw-list-item"><a href="https://iu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%91%B3%E1%93%96%E1%90%B4%E1%95%90%E1%93%83%E1%90%8A" title="ᑳᓖᐴᕐᓃᐊ – Inuktitut" lang="iu" hreflang="iu" data-title="ᑳᓖᐴᕐᓃᐊ" data-language-autonym="ᐃᓄᒃᑎᑐᑦ / inuktitut" data-language-local-name="Inuktitut" class="interlanguage-link-target">ᐃᓄᒃᑎᑐᑦ / inuktitut</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ik mw-list-item"><a href="https://ik.wikipedia.org/wiki/California" title="California – Inupiaq" lang="ik" hreflang="ik" data-title="California" data-language-autonym="Iñupiatun" data-language-local-name="Inupiaq" class="interlanguage-link-target">Iñupiatun</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-os mw-list-item"><a href="https://os.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B8%D1%84%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BD%D0%B8" title="Калифорни – Ossetic" lang="os" hreflang="os" data-title="Калифорни" data-language-autonym="Ирон" data-language-local-name="Ossetic" class="interlanguage-link-target">Ирон</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-xh mw-list-item"><a href="https://xh.wikipedia.org/wiki/IKhalifoniya" title="IKhalifoniya – Xhosa" lang="xh" hreflang="xh" data-title="IKhalifoniya" data-language-autonym="IsiXhosa" data-language-local-name="Xhosa" class="interlanguage-link-target">IsiXhosa</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zu mw-list-item"><a href="https://zu.wikipedia.org/wiki/California" title="California – Zulu" lang="zu" hreflang="zu" data-title="California" data-language-autonym="IsiZulu" data-language-local-name="Zulu" class="interlanguage-link-target">IsiZulu</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is mw-list-item"><a href="https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kaliforn%C3%ADa" title="Kalifornía – Icelandic" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="Kalifornía" data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="Icelandic" class="interlanguage-link-target">Íslenska</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/California" title="California – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="California" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Italiano</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%A7%D7%9C%D7%99%D7%A4%D7%95%D7%A8%D7%A0%D7%99%D7%94" title="קליפורניה – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="קליפורניה" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target">עברית</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jv mw-list-item"><a href="https://jv.wikipedia.org/wiki/California" title="California – Javanese" lang="jv" hreflang="jv" data-title="California" data-language-autonym="Jawa" data-language-local-name="Javanese" class="interlanguage-link-target">Jawa</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kbp mw-list-item"><a href="https://kbp.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kal%C9%A9f%C9%94rnii" title="Kalɩfɔrnii – Kabiye" lang="kbp" hreflang="kbp" data-title="Kalɩfɔrnii" data-language-autonym="Kabɩyɛ" data-language-local-name="Kabiye" class="interlanguage-link-target">Kabɩyɛ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kn mw-list-item"><a href="https://kn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B2%95%E0%B3%8D%E0%B2%AF%E0%B2%BE%E0%B2%B2%E0%B2%BF%E0%B2%AB%E0%B3%8A%E0%B2%B0%E0%B3%8D%E0%B2%A8%E0%B2%BF%E0%B2%AF" title="ಕ್ಯಾಲಿಫೊರ್ನಿಯ – Kannada" lang="kn" hreflang="kn" data-title="ಕ್ಯಾಲಿಫೊರ್ನಿಯ" data-language-autonym="ಕನ್ನಡ" data-language-local-name="Kannada" class="interlanguage-link-target">ಕನ್ನಡ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pam mw-list-item"><a href="https://pam.wikipedia.org/wiki/California" title="California – Pampanga" lang="pam" hreflang="pam" data-title="California" data-language-autonym="Kapampangan" data-language-local-name="Pampanga" class="interlanguage-link-target">Kapampangan</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-krc mw-list-item"><a href="https://krc.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B8%D1%84%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Калифорния – Karachay-Balkar" lang="krc" hreflang="krc" data-title="Калифорния" data-language-autonym="Къарачай-малкъар" data-language-local-name="Karachay-Balkar" class="interlanguage-link-target">Къарачай-малкъар</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%99%E1%83%90%E1%83%9A%E1%83%98%E1%83%A4%E1%83%9D%E1%83%A0%E1%83%9C%E1%83%98%E1%83%90" title="კალიფორნია – Georgian" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="კალიფორნია" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="Georgian" class="interlanguage-link-target">ქართული</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B8%D1%84%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Калифорния – Kazakh" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="Калифорния" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="Kazakh" class="interlanguage-link-target">Қазақша</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kw mw-list-item"><a href="https://kw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kaliforni" title="Kaliforni – Cornish" lang="kw" hreflang="kw" data-title="Kaliforni" data-language-autonym="Kernowek" data-language-local-name="Cornish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Kernowek</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sw mw-list-item"><a href="https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/California" title="California – Swahili" lang="sw" hreflang="sw" data-title="California" data-language-autonym="Kiswahili" data-language-local-name="Swahili" class="interlanguage-link-target">Kiswahili</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ht mw-list-item"><a href="https://ht.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kalif%C3%B2ni" title="Kalifòni – Haitian Creole" lang="ht" hreflang="ht" data-title="Kalifòni" data-language-autonym="Kreyòl ayisyen" data-language-local-name="Haitian Creole" class="interlanguage-link-target">Kreyòl ayisyen</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ku mw-list-item"><a href="https://ku.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kal%C3%AEforniya" title="Kalîforniya – Kurdish" lang="ku" hreflang="ku" data-title="Kalîforniya" data-language-autonym="Kurdî" data-language-local-name="Kurdish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Kurdî</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ky mw-list-item"><a href="https://ky.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B8%D1%84%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Калифорния – Kyrgyz" lang="ky" hreflang="ky" data-title="Калифорния" data-language-autonym="Кыргызча" data-language-local-name="Kyrgyz" class="interlanguage-link-target">Кыргызча</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mrj mw-list-item"><a href="https://mrj.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B8%D1%84%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BD%D0%B8" title="Калифорни – Western Mari" lang="mrj" hreflang="mrj" data-title="Калифорни" data-language-autonym="Кырык мары" data-language-local-name="Western Mari" class="interlanguage-link-target">Кырык мары</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lld mw-list-item"><a href="https://lld.wikipedia.org/wiki/California" title="California – Ladin" lang="lld" hreflang="lld" data-title="California" data-language-autonym="Ladin" data-language-local-name="Ladin" class="interlanguage-link-target">Ladin</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lad mw-list-item"><a href="https://lad.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kalifornia" title="Kalifornia – Ladino" lang="lad" hreflang="lad" data-title="Kalifornia" data-language-autonym="Ladino" data-language-local-name="Ladino" class="interlanguage-link-target">Ladino</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lo mw-list-item"><a href="https://lo.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%BA%84%E0%BA%B2%E0%BA%A5%E0%BA%B4%E0%BA%9F%E0%BB%8D%E0%BB%80%E0%BA%99%E0%BA%8D" title="ຄາລິຟໍເນຍ – Lao" lang="lo" hreflang="lo" data-title="ຄາລິຟໍເນຍ" data-language-autonym="ລາວ" data-language-local-name="Lao" class="interlanguage-link-target">ລາວ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/California" title="California – Latin" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="California" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="Latin" class="interlanguage-link-target">Latina</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kalifornija" title="Kalifornija – Latvian" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Kalifornija" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="Latvian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Latviešu</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lb mw-list-item"><a href="https://lb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kalifornien" title="Kalifornien – Luxembourgish" lang="lb" hreflang="lb" data-title="Kalifornien" data-language-autonym="Lëtzebuergesch" data-language-local-name="Luxembourgish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Lëtzebuergesch</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kalifornija" title="Kalifornija – Lithuanian" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Kalifornija" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="Lithuanian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Lietuvių</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lij mw-list-item"><a href="https://lij.wikipedia.org/wiki/California" title="California – Ligurian" lang="lij" hreflang="lij" data-title="California" data-language-autonym="Ligure" data-language-local-name="Ligurian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Ligure</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-li mw-list-item"><a href="https://li.wikipedia.org/wiki/Californi%C3%AB" title="Californië – Limburgish" lang="li" hreflang="li" data-title="Californië" data-language-autonym="Limburgs" data-language-local-name="Limburgish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Limburgs</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lfn mw-list-item"><a href="https://lfn.wikipedia.org/wiki/California" title="California – Lingua Franca Nova" lang="lfn" hreflang="lfn" data-title="California" data-language-autonym="Lingua Franca Nova" data-language-local-name="Lingua Franca Nova" class="interlanguage-link-target">Lingua Franca Nova</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jbo mw-list-item"><a href="https://jbo.wikipedia.org/wiki/la_.kaliforniias." title="la .kaliforniias. – Lojban" lang="jbo" hreflang="jbo" data-title="la .kaliforniias." data-language-autonym="La .lojban." data-language-local-name="Lojban" class="interlanguage-link-target">La .lojban.</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lmo mw-list-item"><a href="https://lmo.wikipedia.org/wiki/California" title="California – Lombard" lang="lmo" hreflang="lmo" data-title="California" data-language-autonym="Lombard" data-language-local-name="Lombard" class="interlanguage-link-target">Lombard</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kalifornia" title="Kalifornia – Hungarian" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Kalifornia" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hungarian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Magyar</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mai mw-list-item"><a href="https://mai.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B2%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%AB%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A8%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%BE" title="क्यालिफोर्निया – Maithili" lang="mai" hreflang="mai" data-title="क्यालिफोर्निया" data-language-autonym="मैथिली" data-language-local-name="Maithili" class="interlanguage-link-target">मैथिली</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B8%D1%84%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%98%D0%B0" title="Калифорнија – Macedonian" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Калифорнија" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="Macedonian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Македонски</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mg mw-list-item"><a href="https://mg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kalifornia" title="Kalifornia – Malagasy" lang="mg" hreflang="mg" data-title="Kalifornia" data-language-autonym="Malagasy" data-language-local-name="Malagasy" class="interlanguage-link-target">Malagasy</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml mw-list-item"><a href="https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B4%95%E0%B4%BE%E0%B4%B2%E0%B4%BF%E0%B4%AB%E0%B5%8B%E0%B5%BC%E0%B4%A3%E0%B4%BF%E0%B4%AF" title="കാലിഫോർണിയ – Malayalam" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="കാലിഫോർണിയ" data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="Malayalam" class="interlanguage-link-target">മലയാളം</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mi mw-list-item"><a href="https://mi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Karap%C5%8Dnia" title="Karapōnia – Māori" lang="mi" hreflang="mi" data-title="Karapōnia" data-language-autonym="Māori" data-language-local-name="Māori" class="interlanguage-link-target">Māori</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mr mw-list-item"><a href="https://mr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%85%E0%A4%B2%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%AB%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A8%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%BE" title="कॅलिफोर्निया – Marathi" lang="mr" hreflang="mr" data-title="कॅलिफोर्निया" data-language-autonym="मराठी" data-language-local-name="Marathi" class="interlanguage-link-target">मराठी</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-xmf mw-list-item"><a href="https://xmf.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%99%E1%83%90%E1%83%9A%E1%83%98%E1%83%A4%E1%83%9D%E1%83%A0%E1%83%9C%E1%83%98%E1%83%90" title="კალიფორნია – Mingrelian" lang="xmf" hreflang="xmf" data-title="კალიფორნია" data-language-autonym="მარგალური" data-language-local-name="Mingrelian" class="interlanguage-link-target">მარგალური</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%83%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%8A%D9%81%D9%88%D8%B1%D9%86%D9%8A%D8%A7" title="كاليفورنيا – Egyptian Arabic" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="كاليفورنيا" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="Egyptian Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target">مصرى</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mzn mw-list-item"><a href="https://mzn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%A9%D8%A7%D9%84%DB%8C%D9%81%D9%88%D8%B1%D9%86%DB%8C%D8%A7" title="کالیفورنیا – Mazanderani" lang="mzn" hreflang="mzn" data-title="کالیفورنیا" data-language-autonym="مازِرونی" data-language-local-name="Mazanderani" class="interlanguage-link-target">مازِرونی</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/California" title="California – Malay" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="California" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="Malay" class="interlanguage-link-target">Bahasa Melayu</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mni mw-list-item"><a href="https://mni.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EA%AF%80%EA%AF%A6%EA%AF%82%EA%AF%A4%EA%AF%90%EA%AF%A3%EA%AF%94%EA%AF%85%EA%AF%A4%EA%AF%8C%EA%AF%A5" title="ꯀꯦꯂꯤꯐꯣꯔꯅꯤꯌꯥ – Manipuri" lang="mni" hreflang="mni" data-title="ꯀꯦꯂꯤꯐꯣꯔꯅꯤꯌꯥ" data-language-autonym="ꯃꯤꯇꯩ ꯂꯣꯟ" data-language-local-name="Manipuri" class="interlanguage-link-target">ꯃꯤꯇꯩ ꯂꯣꯟ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-min mw-list-item"><a href="https://min.wikipedia.org/wiki/California" title="California – Minangkabau" lang="min" hreflang="min" data-title="California" data-language-autonym="Minangkabau" data-language-local-name="Minangkabau" class="interlanguage-link-target">Minangkabau</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cdo mw-list-item"><a href="https://cdo.wikipedia.org/wiki/California" title="California – Mindong" lang="cdo" hreflang="cdo" data-title="California" data-language-autonym="閩東語 / Mìng-dĕ̤ng-ngṳ̄" data-language-local-name="Mindong" class="interlanguage-link-target">閩東語 / Mìng-dĕ̤ng-ngṳ̄</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mdf mw-list-item"><a href="https://mdf.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B8%D1%84%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Калифорния – Moksha" lang="mdf" hreflang="mdf" data-title="Калифорния" data-language-autonym="Мокшень" data-language-local-name="Moksha" class="interlanguage-link-target">Мокшень</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mn mw-list-item"><a href="https://mn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B8%D1%84%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BD%D0%B8" title="Калифорни – Mongolian" lang="mn" hreflang="mn" data-title="Калифорни" data-language-autonym="Монгол" data-language-local-name="Mongolian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Монгол</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-my mw-list-item"><a href="https://my.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%80%80%E1%80%9A%E1%80%BA%E1%80%9C%E1%80%AE%E1%80%96%E1%80%AD%E1%80%AF%E1%80%B8%E1%80%94%E1%80%AE%E1%80%B8%E1%80%9A%E1%80%AC%E1%80%B8%E1%80%95%E1%80%BC%E1%80%8A%E1%80%BA%E1%80%94%E1%80%9A%E1%80%BA" title="ကယ်လီဖိုးနီးယားပြည်နယ် – Burmese" lang="my" hreflang="my" data-title="ကယ်လီဖိုးနီးယားပြည်နယ်" data-language-autonym="မြန်မာဘာသာ" data-language-local-name="Burmese" class="interlanguage-link-target">မြန်မာဘာသာ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fj mw-list-item"><a href="https://fj.wikipedia.org/wiki/California" title="California – Fijian" lang="fj" hreflang="fj" data-title="California" data-language-autonym="Na Vosa Vakaviti" data-language-local-name="Fijian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Na Vosa Vakaviti</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="featured article badge"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Californi%C3%AB" title="Californië – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Californië" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target">Nederlands</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nds-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nds-nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kaliforni%C3%AB" title="Kalifornië – Low Saxon" lang="nds-NL" hreflang="nds-NL" data-title="Kalifornië" data-language-autonym="Nedersaksies" data-language-local-name="Low Saxon" class="interlanguage-link-target">Nedersaksies</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ne mw-list-item"><a href="https://ne.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B2%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%AB%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A8%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%BE" title="क्यालिफोर्निया – Nepali" lang="ne" hreflang="ne" data-title="क्यालिफोर्निया" data-language-autonym="नेपाली" data-language-local-name="Nepali" class="interlanguage-link-target">नेपाली</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-new mw-list-item"><a href="https://new.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B2%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%AB%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A8%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%BE" title="क्यालिफोर्निया – Newari" lang="new" hreflang="new" data-title="क्यालिफोर्निया" data-language-autonym="नेपाल भाषा" data-language-local-name="Newari" class="interlanguage-link-target">नेपाल भाषा</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%82%AB%E3%83%AA%E3%83%95%E3%82%A9%E3%83%AB%E3%83%8B%E3%82%A2%E5%B7%9E" title="カリフォルニア州 – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="カリフォルニア州" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target">日本語</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ce mw-list-item"><a href="https://ce.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B8%D1%84%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BD%D0%B8" title="Калифорни – Chechen" lang="ce" hreflang="ce" data-title="Калифорни" data-language-autonym="Нохчийн" data-language-local-name="Chechen" class="interlanguage-link-target">Нохчийн</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-frr mw-list-item"><a href="https://frr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Californien" title="Californien – Northern Frisian" lang="frr" hreflang="frr" data-title="Californien" data-language-autonym="Nordfriisk" data-language-local-name="Northern Frisian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Nordfriisk</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/California" title="California – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="California" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target">Norsk bokmål</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/California" title="California – Norwegian Nynorsk" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="California" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Nynorsk" class="interlanguage-link-target">Norsk nynorsk</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-oc mw-list-item"><a href="https://oc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Calif%C3%B2rnia" title="Califòrnia – Occitan" lang="oc" hreflang="oc" data-title="Califòrnia" data-language-autonym="Occitan" data-language-local-name="Occitan" class="interlanguage-link-target">Occitan</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mhr mw-list-item"><a href="https://mhr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B8%D1%84%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B9" title="Калифорний – Eastern Mari" lang="mhr" hreflang="mhr" data-title="Калифорний" data-language-autonym="Олык марий" data-language-local-name="Eastern Mari" class="interlanguage-link-target">Олык марий</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kaliforniya" title="Kaliforniya – Uzbek" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="Kaliforniya" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="Uzbek" class="interlanguage-link-target">Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pa mw-list-item"><a href="https://pa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A8%95%E0%A9%88%E0%A8%B2%E0%A9%80%E0%A8%AB%E0%A8%BC%E0%A9%8B%E0%A8%B0%E0%A8%A8%E0%A9%80%E0%A8%86" title="ਕੈਲੀਫ਼ੋਰਨੀਆ – Punjabi" lang="pa" hreflang="pa" data-title="ਕੈਲੀਫ਼ੋਰਨੀਆ" data-language-autonym="ਪੰਜਾਬੀ" data-language-local-name="Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target">ਪੰਜਾਬੀ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pi mw-list-item"><a href="https://pi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B2%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%AB%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A8%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%BE" title="क्यालिफोर्निया – Pali" lang="pi" hreflang="pi" data-title="क्यालिफोर्निया" data-language-autonym="पालि" data-language-local-name="Pali" class="interlanguage-link-target">पालि</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pfl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pfl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kalifornien" title="Kalifornien – Palatine German" lang="pfl" hreflang="pfl" data-title="Kalifornien" data-language-autonym="Pälzisch" data-language-local-name="Palatine German" class="interlanguage-link-target">Pälzisch</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pag mw-list-item"><a href="https://pag.wikipedia.org/wiki/California" title="California – Pangasinan" lang="pag" hreflang="pag" data-title="California" data-language-autonym="Pangasinan" data-language-local-name="Pangasinan" class="interlanguage-link-target">Pangasinan</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pnb mw-list-item"><a href="https://pnb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%A9%DB%8C%D9%84%DB%8C%D9%81%D9%88%D8%B1%D9%86%DB%8C%D8%A7" title="کیلیفورنیا – Western Punjabi" lang="pnb" hreflang="pnb" data-title="کیلیفورنیا" data-language-autonym="پنجابی" data-language-local-name="Western Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target">پنجابی</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pap mw-list-item"><a href="https://pap.wikipedia.org/wiki/California" title="California – Papiamento" lang="pap" hreflang="pap" data-title="California" data-language-autonym="Papiamentu" data-language-local-name="Papiamento" class="interlanguage-link-target">Papiamentu</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ps mw-list-item"><a href="https://ps.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%A9%D8%A7%D9%84%DB%8C%D9%81%D8%B1%D9%86%DB%8C%D8%A7" title="کالیفرنیا – Pashto" lang="ps" hreflang="ps" data-title="کالیفرنیا" data-language-autonym="پښتو" data-language-local-name="Pashto" class="interlanguage-link-target">پښتو</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jam mw-list-item"><a href="https://jam.wikipedia.org/wiki/California" title="California – Jamaican Creole English" lang="jam" hreflang="jam" data-title="California" data-language-autonym="Patois" data-language-local-name="Jamaican Creole English" class="interlanguage-link-target">Patois</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-km mw-list-item"><a href="https://km.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%9E%80%E1%9E%B6%E1%9E%9B%E1%9E%B8%E1%9E%A0%E1%9F%92%E1%9E%9C%E1%9F%90%E1%9E%9A%E1%9E%89%E1%9F%89%E1%9E%B6" title="កាលីហ្វ័រញ៉ា – Khmer" lang="km" hreflang="km" data-title="កាលីហ្វ័រញ៉ា" data-language-autonym="ភាសាខ្មែរ" data-language-local-name="Khmer" class="interlanguage-link-target">ភាសាខ្មែរ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pcd mw-list-item"><a href="https://pcd.wikipedia.org/wiki/Californie" title="Californie – Picard" lang="pcd" hreflang="pcd" data-title="Californie" data-language-autonym="Picard" data-language-local-name="Picard" class="interlanguage-link-target">Picard</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pms mw-list-item"><a href="https://pms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Calif%C3%B2rnia" title="Califòrnia – Piedmontese" lang="pms" hreflang="pms" data-title="Califòrnia" data-language-autonym="Piemontèis" data-language-local-name="Piedmontese" class="interlanguage-link-target">Piemontèis</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nds mw-list-item"><a href="https://nds.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kalifornien" title="Kalifornien – Low German" lang="nds" hreflang="nds" data-title="Kalifornien" data-language-autonym="Plattdüütsch" data-language-local-name="Low German" class="interlanguage-link-target">Plattdüütsch</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kalifornia" title="Kalifornia – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Kalifornia" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Polski</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Calif%C3%B3rnia" title="Califórnia – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Califórnia" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target">Português</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kaa mw-list-item"><a href="https://kaa.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kaliforniya_shtat%C4%B1" title="Kaliforniya shtatı – Kara-Kalpak" lang="kaa" hreflang="kaa" data-title="Kaliforniya shtatı" data-language-autonym="Qaraqalpaqsha" data-language-local-name="Kara-Kalpak" class="interlanguage-link-target">Qaraqalpaqsha</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-crh mw-list-item"><a href="https://crh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kaliforniya" title="Kaliforniya – Crimean Tatar" lang="crh" hreflang="crh" data-title="Kaliforniya" data-language-autonym="Qırımtatarca" data-language-local-name="Crimean Tatar" class="interlanguage-link-target">Qırımtatarca</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/California" title="California – Romanian" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="California" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Romanian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Română</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-rm mw-list-item"><a href="https://rm.wikipedia.org/wiki/California" title="California – Romansh" lang="rm" hreflang="rm" data-title="California" data-language-autonym="Rumantsch" data-language-local-name="Romansh" class="interlanguage-link-target">Rumantsch</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-qu mw-list-item"><a href="https://qu.wikipedia.org/wiki/California_suyu" title="California suyu – Quechua" lang="qu" hreflang="qu" data-title="California suyu" data-language-autonym="Runa Simi" data-language-local-name="Quechua" class="interlanguage-link-target">Runa Simi</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-rue mw-list-item"><a href="https://rue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B8%D1%84%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Калифорния – Rusyn" lang="rue" hreflang="rue" data-title="Калифорния" data-language-autonym="Русиньскый" data-language-local-name="Rusyn" class="interlanguage-link-target">Русиньскый</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B8%D1%84%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Калифорния – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Калифорния" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Русский</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sah mw-list-item"><a href="https://sah.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B8%D1%84%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Калифорния – Yakut" lang="sah" hreflang="sah" data-title="Калифорния" data-language-autonym="Саха тыла" data-language-local-name="Yakut" class="interlanguage-link-target">Саха тыла</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sm mw-list-item"><a href="https://sm.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kalefonia" title="Kalefonia – Samoan" lang="sm" hreflang="sm" data-title="Kalefonia" data-language-autonym="Gagana Samoa" data-language-local-name="Samoan" class="interlanguage-link-target">Gagana Samoa</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sa mw-list-item"><a href="https://sa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B2%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%AB%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A8%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%BE" title="कालिफोर्निया – Sanskrit" lang="sa" hreflang="sa" data-title="कालिफोर्निया" data-language-autonym="संस्कृतम्" data-language-local-name="Sanskrit" class="interlanguage-link-target">संस्कृतम्</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sat mw-list-item"><a href="https://sat.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%B1%A0%E1%B1%AE%E1%B1%9E%E1%B1%A4%E1%B1%AF%E1%B1%B7%E1%B1%B3%E1%B1%A8%E1%B1%B1%E1%B1%A4%E1%B1%AD%E1%B1%9F" title="ᱠᱮᱞᱤᱯᱷᱳᱨᱱᱤᱭᱟ – Santali" lang="sat" hreflang="sat" data-title="ᱠᱮᱞᱤᱯᱷᱳᱨᱱᱤᱭᱟ" data-language-autonym="ᱥᱟᱱᱛᱟᱲᱤ" data-language-local-name="Santali" class="interlanguage-link-target">ᱥᱟᱱᱛᱟᱲᱤ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sc mw-list-item"><a href="https://sc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Calif%C3%B2rnia" title="Califòrnia – Sardinian" lang="sc" hreflang="sc" data-title="Califòrnia" data-language-autonym="Sardu" data-language-local-name="Sardinian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Sardu</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sco mw-list-item"><a href="https://sco.wikipedia.org/wiki/Californie" title="Californie – Scots" lang="sco" hreflang="sco" data-title="Californie" data-language-autonym="Scots" data-language-local-name="Scots" class="interlanguage-link-target">Scots</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-stq mw-list-item"><a href="https://stq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kalifornien" title="Kalifornien – Saterland Frisian" lang="stq" hreflang="stq" data-title="Kalifornien" data-language-autonym="Seeltersk" data-language-local-name="Saterland Frisian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Seeltersk</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sq mw-list-item"><a href="https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kalifornia" title="Kalifornia – Albanian" lang="sq" hreflang="sq" data-title="Kalifornia" data-language-autonym="Shqip" data-language-local-name="Albanian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Shqip</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-scn mw-list-item"><a href="https://scn.wikipedia.org/wiki/California" title="California – Sicilian" lang="scn" hreflang="scn" data-title="California" data-language-autonym="Sicilianu" data-language-local-name="Sicilian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Sicilianu</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-si mw-list-item"><a href="https://si.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B6%9A%E0%B7%90%E0%B6%BD%E0%B7%92%E0%B7%86%E0%B7%9D%E0%B6%B1%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%8F" title="කැලිෆෝනියා – Sinhala" lang="si" hreflang="si" data-title="කැලිෆෝනියා" data-language-autonym="සිංහල" data-language-local-name="Sinhala" class="interlanguage-link-target">සිංහල</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/California" title="California – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="California" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target">Simple English</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sd mw-list-item"><a href="https://sd.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%AA%D9%8A%D9%84%D9%8A%D9%81%D9%88%D8%B1%D9%86%D9%8A%D8%A7" title="ڪيليفورنيا – Sindhi" lang="sd" hreflang="sd" data-title="ڪيليفورنيا" data-language-autonym="سنڌي" data-language-local-name="Sindhi" class="interlanguage-link-target">سنڌي</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kalifornia" title="Kalifornia – Slovak" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Kalifornia" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="Slovak" class="interlanguage-link-target">Slovenčina</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kalifornija" title="Kalifornija – Slovenian" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Kalifornija" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="Slovenian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Slovenščina</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-szl mw-list-item"><a href="https://szl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kalifor%C5%84ijo" title="Kaliforńijo – Silesian" lang="szl" hreflang="szl" data-title="Kaliforńijo" data-language-autonym="Ślůnski" data-language-local-name="Silesian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Ślůnski</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-so mw-list-item"><a href="https://so.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kalifornia" title="Kalifornia – Somali" lang="so" hreflang="so" data-title="Kalifornia" data-language-autonym="Soomaaliga" data-language-local-name="Somali" class="interlanguage-link-target">Soomaaliga</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ckb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ckb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%A9%D8%A7%D9%84%DB%8C%D9%81%DB%86%DA%95%D9%86%DB%8C%D8%A7" title="کالیفۆڕنیا – Central Kurdish" lang="ckb" hreflang="ckb" data-title="کالیفۆڕنیا" data-language-autonym="کوردی" data-language-local-name="Central Kurdish" class="interlanguage-link-target">کوردی</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B8%D1%84%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%98%D0%B0" title="Калифорнија – Serbian" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Калифорнија" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Serbian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Српски / srpski</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kalifornija" title="Kalifornija – Serbo-Croatian" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Kalifornija" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="Serbo-Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-su mw-list-item"><a href="https://su.wikipedia.org/wiki/California" title="California – Sundanese" lang="su" hreflang="su" data-title="California" data-language-autonym="Sunda" data-language-local-name="Sundanese" class="interlanguage-link-target">Sunda</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kalifornia" title="Kalifornia – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Kalifornia" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Suomi</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kalifornien" title="Kalifornien – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Kalifornien" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Svenska</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tl mw-list-item"><a href="https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/California" title="California – Tagalog" lang="tl" hreflang="tl" data-title="California" data-language-autonym="Tagalog" data-language-local-name="Tagalog" class="interlanguage-link-target">Tagalog</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%95%E0%AE%B2%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%AA%E0%AF%8B%E0%AE%B0%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%A9%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%AF%E0%AE%BE" title="கலிபோர்னியா – Tamil" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="கலிபோர்னியா" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="Tamil" class="interlanguage-link-target">தமிழ்</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kab mw-list-item"><a href="https://kab.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kalifurnya" title="Kalifurnya – Kabyle" lang="kab" hreflang="kab" data-title="Kalifurnya" data-language-autonym="Taqbaylit" data-language-local-name="Kabyle" class="interlanguage-link-target">Taqbaylit</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tt mw-list-item"><a href="https://tt.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B8%D1%84%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%8F_(%D1%88%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%82)" title="Калифорния (штат) – Tatar" lang="tt" hreflang="tt" data-title="Калифорния (штат)" data-language-autonym="Татарча / tatarça" data-language-local-name="Tatar" class="interlanguage-link-target">Татарча / tatarça</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-te mw-list-item"><a href="https://te.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B0%95%E0%B0%BE%E0%B0%B2%E0%B0%BF%E0%B0%AB%E0%B1%8B%E0%B0%B0%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%A8%E0%B0%BF%E0%B0%AF%E0%B0%BE" title="కాలిఫోర్నియా – Telugu" lang="te" hreflang="te" data-title="కాలిఫోర్నియా" data-language-autonym="తెలుగు" data-language-local-name="Telugu" class="interlanguage-link-target">తెలుగు</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tet mw-list-item"><a href="https://tet.wikipedia.org/wiki/California" title="California – Tetum" lang="tet" hreflang="tet" data-title="California" data-language-autonym="Tetun" data-language-local-name="Tetum" class="interlanguage-link-target">Tetun</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%90%E0%B9%81%E0%B8%84%E0%B8%A5%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%9F%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%A3%E0%B9%8C%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%B5%E0%B8%A2" title="รัฐแคลิฟอร์เนีย – Thai" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="รัฐแคลิฟอร์เนีย" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="Thai" class="interlanguage-link-target">ไทย</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tg mw-list-item"><a href="https://tg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B8%D1%84%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Калифорния – Tajik" lang="tg" hreflang="tg" data-title="Калифорния" data-language-autonym="Тоҷикӣ" data-language-local-name="Tajik" class="interlanguage-link-target">Тоҷикӣ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-to mw-list-item"><a href="https://to.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kalef%C5%8Dnia" title="Kalefōnia – Tongan" lang="to" hreflang="to" data-title="Kalefōnia" data-language-autonym="Lea faka-Tonga" data-language-local-name="Tongan" class="interlanguage-link-target">Lea faka-Tonga</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-chy mw-list-item"><a href="https://chy.wikipedia.org/wiki/California" title="California – Cheyenne" lang="chy" hreflang="chy" data-title="California" data-language-autonym="Tsetsêhestâhese" data-language-local-name="Cheyenne" class="interlanguage-link-target">Tsetsêhestâhese</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kaliforniya" title="Kaliforniya – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Kaliforniya" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Türkçe</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%96%D1%84%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BD%D1%96%D1%8F" title="Каліфорнія – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Каліфорнія" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Українська</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%A9%DB%8C%D9%84%DB%8C%D9%81%D9%88%D8%B1%D9%86%DB%8C%D8%A7" title="کیلیفورنیا – Urdu" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="کیلیفورنیا" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="Urdu" class="interlanguage-link-target">اردو</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ug mw-list-item"><a href="https://ug.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%83%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%89%D9%81%D9%88%D8%B1%D9%86%D9%89%D9%8A%DB%95_%D8%B4%D9%89%D8%AA%D8%A7%D8%AA%D9%89" title="كالىفورنىيە شىتاتى – Uyghur" lang="ug" hreflang="ug" data-title="كالىفورنىيە شىتاتى" data-language-autonym="ئۇيغۇرچە / Uyghurche" data-language-local-name="Uyghur" class="interlanguage-link-target">ئۇيغۇرچە / Uyghurche</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vec mw-list-item"><a href="https://vec.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ca%C5%82ifornia" title="Całifornia – Venetian" lang="vec" hreflang="vec" data-title="Całifornia" data-language-autonym="Vèneto" data-language-local-name="Venetian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Vèneto</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/California" title="California – Vietnamese" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="California" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="Vietnamese" class="interlanguage-link-target">Tiếng Việt</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vo mw-list-item"><a href="https://vo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kaliforn%C3%A4n" title="Kalifornän – Volapük" lang="vo" hreflang="vo" data-title="Kalifornän" data-language-autonym="Volapük" data-language-local-name="Volapük" class="interlanguage-link-target">Volapük</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wa mw-list-item"><a href="https://wa.wikipedia.org/wiki/Californeye" title="Californeye – Walloon" lang="wa" hreflang="wa" data-title="Californeye" data-language-autonym="Walon" data-language-local-name="Walloon" class="interlanguage-link-target">Walon</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-classical mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-classical.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%8A%A0%E5%88%A9%E7%A6%8F%E5%B0%BC%E4%BA%9E%E5%B7%9E" title="加利福尼亞州 – Literary Chinese" lang="lzh" hreflang="lzh" data-title="加利福尼亞州" data-language-autonym="文言" data-language-local-name="Literary Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target">文言</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vls mw-list-item"><a href="https://vls.wikipedia.org/wiki/Californi%C3%AB" title="Californië – West Flemish" lang="vls" hreflang="vls" data-title="Californië" data-language-autonym="West-Vlams" data-language-local-name="West Flemish" class="interlanguage-link-target">West-Vlams</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-war mw-list-item"><a href="https://war.wikipedia.org/wiki/California" title="California – Waray" lang="war" hreflang="war" data-title="California" data-language-autonym="Winaray" data-language-local-name="Waray" class="interlanguage-link-target">Winaray</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%8A%A0%E5%88%A9%E7%A6%8F%E5%B0%BC%E4%BA%9A" title="加利福尼亚 – Wu" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="加利福尼亚" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="Wu" class="interlanguage-link-target">吴语</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-yi mw-list-item"><a href="https://yi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%A7%D7%90%D7%9C%D7%99%D7%A4%D7%90%D7%A8%D7%A0%D7%99%D7%A2" title="קאליפארניע – Yiddish" lang="yi" hreflang="yi" data-title="קאליפארניע" data-language-autonym="ייִדיש" data-language-local-name="Yiddish" class="interlanguage-link-target">ייִדיש</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-yo mw-list-item"><a href="https://yo.wikipedia.org/wiki/California" title="California – Yoruba" lang="yo" hreflang="yo" data-title="California" data-language-autonym="Yorùbá" data-language-local-name="Yoruba" class="interlanguage-link-target">Yorùbá</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%8A%A0%E5%88%A9%E7%A6%8F%E5%B0%BC%E4%BA%9E%E5%B7%9E" title="加利福尼亞州 – Cantonese" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="加利福尼亞州" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="Cantonese" class="interlanguage-link-target">粵語</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-diq mw-list-item"><a href="https://diq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kaliforniya" title="Kaliforniya – Zazaki" lang="diq" hreflang="diq" data-title="Kaliforniya" data-language-autonym="Zazaki" data-language-local-name="Zazaki" class="interlanguage-link-target">Zazaki</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zea mw-list-item"><a href="https://zea.wikipedia.org/wiki/California" title="California – Zeelandic" lang="zea" hreflang="zea" data-title="California" data-language-autonym="Zeêuws" data-language-local-name="Zeelandic" class="interlanguage-link-target">Zeêuws</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bat-smg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bat-smg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kal%C4%97fuorn%C4%97j%C4%97" title="Kalėfuornėjė – Samogitian" lang="sgs" hreflang="sgs" data-title="Kalėfuornėjė" data-language-autonym="Žemaitėška" data-language-local-name="Samogitian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Žemaitėška</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh 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.geo-default,.mw-parser-output .geo-dms,.mw-parser-output .geo-dec{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .geo-nondefault,.mw-parser-output .geo-multi-punct,.mw-parser-output .geo-inline-hidden{display:none}.mw-parser-output .longitude,.mw-parser-output .latitude{white-space:nowrap}</style><a class="external text" href="https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=California&params=37_N_120_W_dim:600000_region:US-CA_type:adm1st&title=State+of+California">37°N 120°W / 37°N 120°W / 37; -120 (State of California)</a></div></div> <div id="mw-indicator-pp-default" class="mw-indicator"><div class="mw-parser-output"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Protection_policy#semi" title="This article is semi-protected."><img alt="Page semi-protected" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/1/1b/Semi-protection-shackle.svg/20px-Semi-protection-shackle.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="20" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/1/1b/Semi-protection-shackle.svg/30px-Semi-protection-shackle.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/1/1b/Semi-protection-shackle.svg/40px-Semi-protection-shackle.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="512" /></a></div></div> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">U.S. state</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">This article is about the U.S. state. For other uses, see <a href="/wiki/California_(disambiguation)" class="mw-disambig" title="California (disambiguation)">California (disambiguation)</a>.</div> <div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">State in the United States</div><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1043192559">.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement{width:23em;border-collapse:collapse;line-height:1.2em}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement td,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement th{border-top:1px solid #a2a9b1;padding:0.4em 0.6em 0.4em 0.6em}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedtoprow .infobox-full-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedtoprow .infobox-header,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedtoprow .infobox-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedtoprow .infobox-label,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedtoprow .infobox-below{border-top:1px solid #a2a9b1;padding:0.4em 0.6em 0.2em 0.6em}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedrow .infobox-full-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedrow .infobox-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedrow .infobox-label{border:0;padding:0 0.6em 0.2em 0.6em}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedbottomrow .infobox-full-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedbottomrow .infobox-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedbottomrow .infobox-label{border-top:0;border-bottom:1px solid #a2a9b1;padding:0 0.6em 0.4em 0.6em}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .maptable{border:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .infobox-header,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .infobox-below{text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .infobox-above{font-size:125%;line-height:1.3em}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .infobox-subheader{background-color:#cddeff;font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-native{font-weight:normal;padding-top:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-other-name{font-size:78%}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-official{font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-caption{padding:0.3em 0 0 0}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-caption-link{padding:0.2em 0}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-nickname{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-fn{font-weight:normal;display:inline}</style><table class="infobox ib-settlement vcard"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above"><div class="fn org">California</div> <div class="nickname ib-settlement-native">金山 (<a href="/wiki/California_Cantonese" title="California Cantonese">California Cantonese</a>) Gāmsāan</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-subheader"><div class="category"><a href="/wiki/U.S._state" title="U.S. state">State</a></div></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data maptable"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1028600610">.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-cols{text-align:center;display:table;width:100%}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-cols-row{display:table-row}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-cols-cell{display:table-cell;vertical-align:middle}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-cols-cellt{display:table-cell;vertical-align:top}</style> <div class="ib-settlement-cols"> <div class="ib-settlement-cols-row"><div class="ib-settlement-cols-cell"><a href="/wiki/File:Flag_of_California.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Flag of California"><img alt="The flag shows a red stripe on the bottom in a white field, with a red star on the top left in the canton. In the center, a grizzly bear is on top of a mound of green grass on over the white field. Below it, text reads "CALIFORNIA REPUBLIC" in a Seal color." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/01/Flag_of_California.svg/125px-Flag_of_California.svg.png" decoding="async" width="125" height="83" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/01/Flag_of_California.svg/188px-Flag_of_California.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/01/Flag_of_California.svg/250px-Flag_of_California.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a><div class="ib-settlement-caption-link"><a href="/wiki/Flag_of_California" title="Flag of California">Flag</a></div></div><div class="ib-settlement-cols-cell"><a href="/wiki/File:Great_Seal_of_the_State_of_California_Colored.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Official seal of California"><img alt="Official seal of California" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b8/Great_Seal_of_the_State_of_California_Colored.svg/100px-Great_Seal_of_the_State_of_California_Colored.svg.png" decoding="async" width="100" height="100" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b8/Great_Seal_of_the_State_of_California_Colored.svg/150px-Great_Seal_of_the_State_of_California_Colored.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b8/Great_Seal_of_the_State_of_California_Colored.svg/200px-Great_Seal_of_the_State_of_California_Colored.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1430" data-file-height="1430" /></a><div class="ib-settlement-caption-link"><a href="/wiki/Seal_of_California" class="mw-redirect" title="Seal of California">Seal</a></div></div></div></div></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><a href="/wiki/List_of_U.S._state_and_territory_nicknames" title="List of U.S. state and territory nicknames">Nickname</a>: <div class="ib-settlement-nickname nickname">The Golden State<a href="#cite_note-America's_story_California-1">[1]</a></div></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><a href="/wiki/List_of_U.S._state_and_territory_mottos" title="List of U.S. state and territory mottos">Motto</a>: <div class="ib-settlement-nickname nickname">"<a href="/wiki/Eureka_(word)#California" title="Eureka (word)">Eureka</a>"<a href="#cite_note-motto-symbols-2">[2]</a></div></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><a href="/wiki/List_of_U.S._state_songs" title="List of U.S. state songs">Anthem:</a> "<a href="/wiki/I_Love_You,_California" title="I Love You, California">I Love You, California</a>" <div class="center" style="width:auto; margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto;"><audio id="mwe_player_0" controls="" preload="none" data-mw-tmh="" class="mw-file-element" width="220" style="width:220px;" data-durationhint="68" data-mwtitle=""I_Love_You,_California"_-_Regional_anthem_of_California.ogg" data-mwprovider="wikimediacommons"><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/ad/%22I_Love_You%2C_California%22_-_Regional_anthem_of_California.ogg" type="audio/ogg; codecs="vorbis"" data-width="0" data-height="0" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/a/ad/%22I_Love_You%2C_California%22_-_Regional_anthem_of_California.ogg/%22I_Love_You%2C_California%22_-_Regional_anthem_of_California.ogg.mp3" type="audio/mpeg" data-transcodekey="mp3" data-width="0" data-height="0" /><track src="https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/api.php?action=timedtext&title=File%3A%22I_Love_You%2C_California%22_-_Regional_anthem_of_California.ogg&lang=en&trackformat=vtt&origin=%2A" kind="subtitles" type="text/vtt" srclang="en" label="English ‪(en)‬" data-dir="ltr" /><track src="https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/api.php?action=timedtext&title=File%3A%22I_Love_You%2C_California%22_-_Regional_anthem_of_California.ogg&lang=es&trackformat=vtt&origin=%2A" kind="subtitles" type="text/vtt" srclang="es" label="español ‪(es)‬" data-dir="ltr" /></audio></div></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><a href="/wiki/File:California_in_United_States.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Map of the United States with California highlighted"><img alt="Map of the United States with California highlighted" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/94/California_in_United_States.svg/300px-California_in_United_States.svg.png" decoding="async" width="300" height="186" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/94/California_in_United_States.svg/450px-California_in_United_States.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/94/California_in_United_States.svg/600px-California_in_United_States.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1181" data-file-height="731" /></a><div class="ib-settlement-caption">Map of the United States with California highlighted</div></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Country</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/United_States" title="United States">United States</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Before statehood</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Mexican_Cession" title="Mexican Cession">Mexican Cession</a> <a href="/wiki/Interim_government_of_California" title="Interim government of California">unorganized territory</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/List_of_U.S._states_by_date_of_admission_to_the_Union" title="List of U.S. states by date of admission to the Union">Admitted to the Union</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/An_Act_for_the_Admission_of_the_State_of_California" class="mw-redirect" title="An Act for the Admission of the State of California">September 9, 1850; 174 years ago (1850-09-09)</a> (31st)</td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/List_of_capitals_in_the_United_States" title="List of capitals in the United States">Capital</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Sacramento,_California" title="Sacramento, California">Sacramento</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/List_of_largest_cities_of_U.S._states_and_territories_by_population" title="List of largest cities of U.S. states and territories by population">Largest city</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Los_Angeles" title="Los Angeles">Los Angeles</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Statistical_area_(United_States)" title="Statistical area (United States)">Largest metro</a> and <a href="/wiki/List_of_United_States_urban_areas" title="List of United States urban areas">urban</a> areas</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Greater_Los_Angeles" title="Greater Los Angeles">Greater Los Angeles</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header">Government<div class="ib-settlement-fn"></div></th></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • <a href="/wiki/Governor_of_California" title="Governor of California">Governor</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Gavin_Newsom" title="Gavin Newsom">Gavin Newsom</a> (<a href="/wiki/California_Democratic_Party" title="California Democratic Party">D</a>)</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • <a href="/wiki/Lieutenant_Governor_of_California" title="Lieutenant Governor of California">Lieutenant governor</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Eleni_Kounalakis" title="Eleni Kounalakis">Eleni Kounalakis</a> (D)</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Legislature" title="Legislature">Legislature</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/California_State_Legislature" title="California State Legislature">State Legislature</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • <a href="/wiki/Upper_house" title="Upper house">Upper house</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/California_State_Senate" title="California State Senate">State Senate</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • <a href="/wiki/Lower_house" title="Lower house">Lower house</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/California_State_Assembly" title="California State Assembly">State Assembly</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Judiciary" title="Judiciary">Judiciary</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Supreme_Court_of_California" title="Supreme Court of California">Supreme Court of California</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/List_of_United_States_senators_from_California" title="List of United States senators from California">U.S. senators</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Alex_Padilla" title="Alex Padilla">Alex Padilla</a> (D) <a href="/wiki/Laphonza_Butler" title="Laphonza Butler">Laphonza Butler</a> (D)</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/List_of_United_States_representatives_from_California" title="List of United States representatives from California">U.S. House delegation</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1126788409">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style><div class="plainlist"> <ul><li>40 <a href="/wiki/California_Democratic_Party" title="California Democratic Party">Democrats</a></li> <li>12 <a href="/wiki/California_Republican_Party" title="California Republican Party">Republicans</a></li></ul> </div> (<a href="/wiki/United_States_congressional_delegations_from_California" title="United States congressional delegations from California">list</a>)</td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header">Area<div class="ib-settlement-fn"></div></th></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="white-space:nowrap;"> • Total</div></th><td class="infobox-data">163,696 sq mi (423,970 km2)</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • Land</th><td class="infobox-data">155,959 sq mi (403,932 km2)</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • Water</th><td class="infobox-data">7,737 sq mi (20,047 km2)  4.7%</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • Rank</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/List_of_U.S._states_and_territories_by_area" title="List of U.S. states and territories by area">3rd</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header">Dimensions<div class="ib-settlement-fn"></div></th></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • Length</th><td class="infobox-data">760 mi (1,220 km)</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • Width</th><td class="infobox-data">250 mi (400 km)</td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Elevation<div class="ib-settlement-fn"></div></th><td class="infobox-data">2,900 ft (880 m)</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Highest elevation<div class="ib-settlement-fn"> (<a href="/wiki/Mount_Whitney" title="Mount Whitney">Mount Whitney</a><a href="#cite_note-Mount_Whitney-3">[3]</a><a href="#cite_note-USGS-4">[4]</a><a href="#cite_note-NAVD88-5">[note 1]</a><a href="#cite_note-6">[note 2]</a>)</div></th><td class="infobox-data">14,505 ft (4,421.0 m)</td></tr><tr class="mergedbottomrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Lowest elevation<div class="ib-settlement-fn"> (<a href="/wiki/Badwater_Basin" title="Badwater Basin">Badwater Basin</a><a href="#cite_note-NED-7">[5]</a>)</div></th><td class="infobox-data">−279 ft (−85.0 m)</td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header">Population<div class="ib-settlement-fn"> (2023)</div></th></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="white-space:nowrap;"> • Total</div></th><td class="infobox-data"><img alt="Neutral increase" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/74/Increase_Neutral.svg/11px-Increase_Neutral.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/74/Increase_Neutral.svg/17px-Increase_Neutral.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/74/Increase_Neutral.svg/22px-Increase_Neutral.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="347" data-file-height="346" /> 39,128,186<a href="#cite_note-CaliforniaDecline2023-8">[6]</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • Rank</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/List_of_U.S._states_and_territories_by_population" title="List of U.S. states and territories by population">1st</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • Density</th><td class="infobox-data">251.3/sq mi (97/km2)</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">  • Rank</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/List_of_states_and_territories_of_the_United_States_by_population_density" title="List of states and territories of the United States by population density">11th</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • <a href="/wiki/Household_income_in_the_United_States" title="Household income in the United States">Median household income</a><div class="ib-settlement-fn"></div></th><td class="infobox-data">$78,700<a href="#cite_note-9">[7]</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • Income rank<div class="ib-settlement-fn"></div></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/List_of_U.S._states_and_territories_by_income#States_and_territories_ranked_by_median_household_income" title="List of U.S. states and territories by income">5th</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Demonym" title="Demonym">Demonym(s)</a></th><td class="infobox-data">Californian <a href="/wiki/Californio" class="mw-redirect" title="Californio">Californio</a> (archaic Spanish) Californiano (Spanish)</td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header">Language<div class="ib-settlement-fn"></div></th></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • <a href="/wiki/Languages_of_the_United_States" title="Languages of the United States">Official language</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Template:Official_languages_of_U.S._states_and_territories" title="Template:Official languages of U.S. states and territories">English</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • <a href="/wiki/Languages_of_the_United_States" title="Languages of the United States">Spoken language</a></th><td class="infobox-data"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/California_English" title="California English">English</a> : 56.1%</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spanish_language_in_California" title="Spanish language in California">Spanish</a>: 28.3%</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Languages_of_California" class="mw-redirect" title="Languages of California">Others</a>: 15.6%<a href="#cite_note-Language-10">[8]</a></li></ul> </td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Time_zone" title="Time zone">Time zone</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/UTC%E2%88%9208:00" title="UTC−08:00">UTC−08:00</a> (<a href="/wiki/Pacific_Standard_Time" class="mw-redirect" title="Pacific Standard Time">PST</a>)</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • Summer (<a href="/wiki/Daylight_saving_time" title="Daylight saving time">DST</a>)</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/UTC%E2%88%9207:00" title="UTC−07:00">UTC−07:00</a> (<a href="/wiki/Pacific_Daylight_Time" class="mw-redirect" title="Pacific Daylight Time">PDT</a>)</td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/List_of_U.S._state_and_territory_abbreviations" title="List of U.S. state and territory abbreviations">USPS abbreviation</a></th><td class="infobox-data adr"><div class="postal-code">CA</div></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/ISO_3166" title="ISO 3166">ISO 3166 code</a></th><td class="infobox-data nickname"><a href="/wiki/ISO_3166-2:US" title="ISO 3166-2:US">US-CA</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/List_of_U.S._state_and_territory_abbreviations" title="List of U.S. state and territory abbreviations">Traditional abbreviation</a></th><td class="infobox-data nickname">Calif., Cal., Cali.</td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Latitude</th><td class="infobox-data">32°32′ N to 42° N</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Longitude</th><td class="infobox-data">114°8′ W to 124°26′ W</td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Website</th><td class="infobox-data"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ca.gov">ca.gov</a></td></tr></tbody></table> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1141396924">.mw-parser-output .ib-region-symbols-left{float:left;clear:left;margin:0.5em 1em 0.5em 0}.mw-parser-output .ib-region-symbols-none{float:none;clear:none;margin:0.5em 1em 0.5em 0}.mw-parser-output .ib-region-symbols-center{float:none;clear:none;margin:0.5em auto}.mw-parser-output .ib-region-symbols .infobox-title{font-size:120%}.mw-parser-output .ib-region-symbols .infobox-subheader{font-weight:bold;background-color:#cddeff}.mw-parser-output .ib-region-symbols-island{font-weight:bold;background-color:#cef2e0}</style><table class="infobox ib-region-symbols"><caption class="infobox-title">State symbols of California</caption><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above" style="font-size:85%; white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/List_of_California_state_symbols" title="List of California state symbols">List of state symbols</a></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><a href="/wiki/File:Flag_of_California.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/01/Flag_of_California.svg/250px-Flag_of_California.svg.png" decoding="async" width="250" height="167" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/01/Flag_of_California.svg/375px-Flag_of_California.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/01/Flag_of_California.svg/500px-Flag_of_California.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a><div class="infobox-caption"><a href="/wiki/Flag_of_California" title="Flag of California">Flag of California</a></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><a href="/wiki/File:Great_Seal_of_the_State_of_California_Colored.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b8/Great_Seal_of_the_State_of_California_Colored.svg/150px-Great_Seal_of_the_State_of_California_Colored.svg.png" decoding="async" width="150" height="150" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b8/Great_Seal_of_the_State_of_California_Colored.svg/225px-Great_Seal_of_the_State_of_California_Colored.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b8/Great_Seal_of_the_State_of_California_Colored.svg/300px-Great_Seal_of_the_State_of_California_Colored.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1430" data-file-height="1430" /></a><div class="infobox-caption"><a href="/wiki/Seal_of_California" class="mw-redirect" title="Seal of California">Seal of California</a></div></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="border-top:#aaa 1px solid">Living insignia</th></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/List_of_U.S._state_amphibians" title="List of U.S. state amphibians">Amphibian</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/California_red-legged_frog" title="California red-legged frog">California red-legged frog</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/List_of_U.S._state_birds" title="List of U.S. state birds">Bird</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/California_quail" title="California quail">California quail</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/List_of_U.S._state_crustaceans" title="List of U.S. state crustaceans">Crustacean</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Dungeness_crab" title="Dungeness crab">Dungeness crab</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/List_of_U.S._state_fish" title="List of U.S. state fish">Fish</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"><div class="plainlist"><ul><li>Fresh water: <a href="/wiki/Golden_trout" title="Golden trout">Golden trout</a></li><li>Marine: <a href="/wiki/Garibaldi_(fish)" title="Garibaldi (fish)">Garibaldi</a></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/List_of_U.S._state_and_territory_flowers" title="List of U.S. state and territory flowers">Flower</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Eschscholzia_californica" title="Eschscholzia californica">California poppy</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Fruit</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Avocado" title="Avocado">Avocado</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/List_of_U.S._state_grasses" title="List of U.S. state grasses">Grass</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Nassella_pulchra" title="Nassella pulchra">Purple needlegrass</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/List_of_U.S._state_insects" title="List of U.S. state insects">Insect</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Zerene_eurydice" title="Zerene eurydice">California dogface butterfly</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/List_of_U.S._state_mammals" title="List of U.S. state mammals">Mammal</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"><div class="plainlist"><ul><li>Land: <a href="/wiki/California_grizzly_bear" title="California grizzly bear">California grizzly bear</a> (state animal)<a href="#cite_note-motto-symbols-2">[2]</a></li><li>Marine: <a href="/wiki/Gray_whale" title="Gray whale">Gray whale</a></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/List_of_U.S._state_mushrooms" title="List of U.S. state mushrooms">Mushroom</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Cantharellus_californicus" title="Cantharellus californicus">California Golden Chanterelle</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/List_of_U.S._state_reptiles" title="List of U.S. state reptiles">Reptile</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Desert_tortoise" title="Desert tortoise">Desert tortoise</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/List_of_U.S._state_and_territory_trees" title="List of U.S. state and territory trees">Tree</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Sequoia_sempervirens" title="Sequoia sempervirens">Coast redwood</a> & <a href="/wiki/Sequoiadendron_giganteum" title="Sequoiadendron giganteum">giant sequoia</a><a href="#cite_note-12">[10]</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Vegetable</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Artichoke" title="Artichoke">Artichoke</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="border-top:#aaa 1px solid">Inanimate insignia</th></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/List_of_U.S._state_colors" title="List of U.S. state colors">Colors</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Blue" title="Blue">Blue</a> & <a href="/wiki/Gold_(color)" title="Gold (color)">Gold</a><a href="#cite_note-11">[9]</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/List_of_U.S._state_dances" title="List of U.S. state dances">Dance</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/West_Coast_Swing" title="West Coast Swing">West Coast Swing</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/List_of_U.S._state_dinosaurs" title="List of U.S. state dinosaurs">Dinosaur</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Augustynolophus" title="Augustynolophus">Augustynolophus</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/List_of_U.S._state_dances" title="List of U.S. state dances">Folk dance</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Square_dance" title="Square dance">Square dance</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/List_of_U.S._state_fossils" title="List of U.S. state fossils">Fossil</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Smilodon" title="Smilodon">Sabre-toothed cat</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/List_of_U.S._state_minerals,_rocks,_stones_and_gemstones" title="List of U.S. state minerals, rocks, stones and gemstones">Gemstone</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Benitoite" title="Benitoite">Benitoite</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/List_of_U.S._state_minerals,_rocks,_stones_and_gemstones" title="List of U.S. state minerals, rocks, stones and gemstones">Mineral</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Gold" title="Gold">Native gold</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/List_of_U.S._state_minerals,_rocks,_stones_and_gemstones" title="List of U.S. state minerals, rocks, stones and gemstones">Rock</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Serpentine_group" class="mw-redirect" title="Serpentine group">Serpentine</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/List_of_U.S._state_ships" title="List of U.S. state ships">Ship</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Californian_(schooner)" title="Californian (schooner)">Californian</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/List_of_U.S._state_soils" title="List of U.S. state soils">Soil</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/San_Joaquin_(soil)" title="San Joaquin (soil)">San Joaquin</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/List_of_U.S._state_sports" title="List of U.S. state sports">Sport</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Surfing" title="Surfing">Surfing</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/List_of_U.S._state_tartans" title="List of U.S. state tartans">Tartan</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/California_state_tartan" title="California state tartan">California state tartan</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="border-top:#aaa 1px solid"><a href="/wiki/Numbered_highways_in_the_United_States#State_highways" title="Numbered highways in the United States">State route marker</a></th></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><a href="/wiki/File:California_1.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Route marker"><img alt="Route marker" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/California_1.svg/82px-California_1.svg.png" decoding="async" width="82" height="85" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/California_1.svg/123px-California_1.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/California_1.svg/163px-California_1.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="385" data-file-height="401" /></a></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="border-top:#aaa 1px solid"><a href="/wiki/50_State_quarters" title="50 State quarters">State quarter</a></th></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><a href="/wiki/File:2005_CA_Proof.png" class="mw-file-description" title="California quarter dollar coin"><img alt="California quarter dollar coin" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7d/2005_CA_Proof.png/85px-2005_CA_Proof.png" decoding="async" width="85" height="85" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7d/2005_CA_Proof.png/128px-2005_CA_Proof.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7d/2005_CA_Proof.png/169px-2005_CA_Proof.png 2x" data-file-width="1101" data-file-height="1105" /></a><div>Released in 2005</div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-below" style="border-top:#aaa 1px solid"><a href="/wiki/Lists_of_United_States_state_symbols" title="Lists of United States state symbols">Lists of United States state symbols</a></td></tr></tbody></table> California is a <a href="/wiki/U.S._state" title="U.S. state">state</a> in the <a href="/wiki/Western_United_States" title="Western United States">Western United States</a>, lying on the American <a href="/wiki/West_Coast_of_the_United_States" title="West Coast of the United States">Pacific Coast</a>. It borders <a href="/wiki/Oregon" title="Oregon">Oregon</a> to the north, <a href="/wiki/Nevada" title="Nevada">Nevada</a> and <a href="/wiki/Arizona" title="Arizona">Arizona</a> to the east, and shares <a href="/wiki/Mexico%E2%80%93United_States_border" title="Mexico–United States border">an international border</a> with the <a href="/wiki/Mexico" title="Mexico">Mexican</a> state of <a href="/wiki/Baja_California" title="Baja California">Baja California</a> to the south. With nearly 39 million residents across an area of 163,696 square miles (423,970 km2),<a href="#cite_note-2022_World_Population_by_Country-13">[11]</a> it is the <a href="/wiki/List_of_states_and_territories_of_the_United_States_by_population" class="mw-redirect" title="List of states and territories of the United States by population">most populous</a> U.S. state, the <a href="/wiki/List_of_U.S._states_and_territories_by_area" title="List of U.S. states and territories by area">third-largest</a> by area, and most populated <a href="/wiki/Administrative_division" title="Administrative division">subnational entity</a> in <a href="/wiki/North_America" title="North America">North America</a>. Prior to <a href="/wiki/European_colonization_of_the_Americas" title="European colonization of the Americas">European colonization</a>, California was one of the most culturally and linguistically diverse areas in <a href="/wiki/Pre-Columbian_North_America" class="mw-redirect" title="Pre-Columbian North America">pre-Columbian North America</a>. European exploration in the 16th and 17th centuries led to the colonization by the <a href="/wiki/Spanish_Empire" title="Spanish Empire">Spanish Empire</a>. The area became a part of Mexico in 1821, following its successful <a href="/wiki/Mexican_War_of_Independence" title="Mexican War of Independence">war for independence</a>, but <a href="/wiki/Mexican_Cession" title="Mexican Cession">was ceded to the United States</a> in 1848 after the <a href="/wiki/Mexican%E2%80%93American_War" title="Mexican–American War">Mexican–American War</a>. The <a href="/wiki/California_gold_rush" title="California gold rush">California gold rush</a> started in 1848 and led to social and demographic changes, including <a href="/wiki/California_genocide" title="California genocide">depopulation</a> of Indigenous tribes, but also growth and creation of distinguished communities such as the <a href="/wiki/California_Cantonese" title="California Cantonese">California Cantonese</a>. The western portion of Alta California was then organized and <a href="/wiki/California_Statehood_Act" title="California Statehood Act">admitted as the 31st state in 1850</a>, as a <a href="/wiki/Slave_states_and_free_states" title="Slave states and free states">free state</a>, following the <a href="/wiki/Compromise_of_1850" title="Compromise of 1850">Compromise of 1850</a>. The <a href="/wiki/Greater_Los_Angeles" title="Greater Los Angeles">Greater Los Angeles</a> and <a href="/wiki/San_Francisco_Bay_Area" title="San Francisco Bay Area">San Francisco Bay</a> areas are the nation's second- and fifth-most populous <a href="/wiki/Statistical_area_(United_States)" title="Statistical area (United States)">urban regions</a>, with 19 million and 10 million residents respectively.<a href="#cite_note-14">[12]</a> <a href="/wiki/Los_Angeles" title="Los Angeles">Los Angeles</a> is the state's <a href="/wiki/List_of_largest_California_cities_by_population" class="mw-redirect" title="List of largest California cities by population">most populous city</a> and the nation's <a href="/wiki/List_of_United_States_cities_by_population" title="List of United States cities by population">second-most</a>; California's <a href="/wiki/List_of_capitals_in_the_United_States" title="List of capitals in the United States">capital</a> is <a href="/wiki/Sacramento,_California" title="Sacramento, California">Sacramento</a>. <a href="/wiki/Geography_of_California" title="Geography of California">The state's diverse geography</a> ranges from the <a href="/wiki/Coastal_California" title="Coastal California">Pacific Coast</a> and metropolitan areas in the west to the <a href="/wiki/Sierra_Nevada" title="Sierra Nevada">Sierra Nevada</a> mountains in the east, and from the <a href="/wiki/Sequoia_sempervirens" title="Sequoia sempervirens">redwood</a> and <a href="/wiki/Douglas_fir" title="Douglas fir">Douglas fir</a> forests in the northwest to the <a href="/wiki/Mojave_Desert" title="Mojave Desert">Mojave Desert</a> in the southeast. Two-thirds of the nation's <a href="/wiki/List_of_earthquakes_in_California" title="List of earthquakes in California">earthquake</a> risk lies in California.<a href="#cite_note-CaliforniaEarthquakesHumanRisk-15">[13]</a> The <a href="/wiki/Central_Valley_(California)" title="Central Valley (California)">Central Valley</a>, a <a href="/wiki/Fertilizer" title="Fertilizer">fertile</a> agricultural area, dominates the state's center. The large size of the state results in <a href="/wiki/Climate_of_California" title="Climate of California">climates</a> that vary from moist <a href="/wiki/Temperate_rainforest" title="Temperate rainforest">temperate rainforest</a> in the north to arid <a href="/wiki/Desert_climate" title="Desert climate">desert</a> in the interior, as well as snowy <a href="/wiki/Alpine_climate" title="Alpine climate">alpine</a> in the <a href="/wiki/List_of_mountain_ranges_of_California" title="List of mountain ranges of California">mountains</a>. <a href="/wiki/Droughts_in_California" title="Droughts in California">Droughts</a> and <a href="/wiki/List_of_California_wildfires" title="List of California wildfires">wildfires</a> are an ongoing issue.<a href="#cite_note-Elassar-2022-16">[14]</a> <a href="/wiki/Economy_of_California" title="Economy of California">California's economy</a> is the largest of any U.S. state, with a $4.0 trillion <a href="/wiki/Gross_state_product" class="mw-redirect" title="Gross state product">gross state product</a> as of 2024<a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=California&action=edit">[update]</a>.<a href="#cite_note-GDPByState-17">[15]</a> It is the <a href="/wiki/List_of_country_subdivisions_by_GDP_over_200_billion_US_dollars" class="mw-redirect" title="List of country subdivisions by GDP over 200 billion US dollars">largest sub-national economy</a> in the world. <a href="/wiki/Agriculture_in_California" title="Agriculture in California">California's agricultural industry</a> has the highest output of any U.S. state,<a href="#cite_note-18">[16]</a><a href="#cite_note-19">[17]</a><a href="#cite_note-20">[18]</a> and is led by its <a href="/wiki/California_dairy_industry" title="California dairy industry">dairy</a>, <a href="/wiki/Almond_cultivation_in_California" title="Almond cultivation in California">almonds</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Grape_cultivation_in_California" title="Grape cultivation in California">grapes</a>.<a href="#cite_note-Jason_Gibson-2012-21">[19]</a> With the busiest port in the country (<a href="/wiki/Port_of_Los_Angeles" title="Port of Los Angeles">Los Angeles</a>), California plays a pivotal role in the global supply chain, hauling in about 40% of goods imported to the US.<a href="#cite_note-Karlamangla-22">[20]</a> Notable contributions to <a href="/wiki/Culture_of_California" title="Culture of California">popular culture</a>, ranging from <a href="/wiki/Media_in_Los_Angeles" title="Media in Los Angeles">entertainment</a>, <a href="/wiki/Sports_in_California" title="Sports in California">sports</a>, <a href="/wiki/Music_of_California" title="Music of California">music</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Fashion" title="Fashion">fashion</a>, have their origins in California. California is the home of <a href="/wiki/Hollywood,_Los_Angeles" title="Hollywood, Los Angeles">Hollywood</a>, the oldest and one of the largest film industries in the world, profoundly influencing global entertainment. The San Francisco Bay and the Greater Los Angeles areas are seen as the centers of the global technology and <a href="/wiki/Cinema_of_the_United_States" title="Cinema of the United States">U.S. film</a> industries, respectively.<a href="#cite_note-BEA-23">[21]</a> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r886046785">.mw-parser-output .toclimit-2 .toclevel-1 ul,.mw-parser-output .toclimit-3 .toclevel-2 ul,.mw-parser-output .toclimit-4 .toclevel-3 ul,.mw-parser-output .toclimit-5 .toclevel-4 ul,.mw-parser-output .toclimit-6 .toclevel-5 ul,.mw-parser-output .toclimit-7 .toclevel-6 ul{display:none}</style><div class="toclimit-3"><meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Etymology">Etymology</h2></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main articles: <a href="/wiki/Etymology_of_California" title="Etymology of California">Etymology of California</a> and <a href="/wiki/Island_of_California" title="Island of California">Island of California</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Detail_of_Queen_Califia_in_the_%22California%27s_Name%22_mural_(Lucile_Lloyd,_1937)_(cropped).gif" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cc/Detail_of_Queen_Califia_in_the_%22California%27s_Name%22_mural_%28Lucile_Lloyd%2C_1937%29_%28cropped%29.gif/170px-Detail_of_Queen_Califia_in_the_%22California%27s_Name%22_mural_%28Lucile_Lloyd%2C_1937%29_%28cropped%29.gif" decoding="async" width="170" height="259" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cc/Detail_of_Queen_Califia_in_the_%22California%27s_Name%22_mural_%28Lucile_Lloyd%2C_1937%29_%28cropped%29.gif/255px-Detail_of_Queen_Califia_in_the_%22California%27s_Name%22_mural_%28Lucile_Lloyd%2C_1937%29_%28cropped%29.gif 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/c/cc/Detail_of_Queen_Califia_in_the_%22California%27s_Name%22_mural_%28Lucile_Lloyd%2C_1937%29_%28cropped%29.gif 2x" data-file-width="296" data-file-height="451" /></a><figcaption>The word "California" and its namesake ruler, <a href="/wiki/Calafia" title="Calafia">Queen Calafia</a>, originate in the 1510 epic <a href="/wiki/Las_Sergas_de_Esplandi%C3%A1n" class="mw-redirect" title="Las Sergas de Esplandián">Las Sergas de Esplandián</a>, written by <a href="/wiki/Garci_Rodr%C3%ADguez_de_Montalvo" title="Garci Rodríguez de Montalvo">Garci Rodríguez de Montalvo</a>.</figcaption></figure> The Spaniards gave the name Las Californias to the <a href="/wiki/Baja_California_peninsula" title="Baja California peninsula">peninsula of Baja California</a> (in modern-day Mexico). As Spanish explorers and settlers moved north and inland, the region known as California, or Las Californias, grew. Eventually it included lands north of the peninsula, <a href="/wiki/Alta_California" title="Alta California">Alta California</a>, part of which became the present-day U.S. state of California. A 2017 state legislative document states, "Numerous theories exist as to the origin and meaning of the word 'California,'" and that all anyone knows is the name was added to a map by 1541 "presumably by a Spanish navigator."<a href="#cite_note-24">[22]</a> The name most likely derived from the mythical island of California in the fictional story of <a href="/wiki/Calafia" title="Calafia">Queen Calafia</a>, as recorded in a 1510 work <a href="/wiki/Las_sergas_de_Esplandi%C3%A1n" title="Las sergas de Esplandián">The Adventures of Esplandián</a> by <a href="/wiki/Garci_Rodr%C3%ADguez_de_Montalvo" title="Garci Rodríguez de Montalvo">Garci Rodríguez de Montalvo</a>.<a href="#cite_note-Gudde-2010-25">[23]</a> Queen Calafia's kingdom was said to be a remote land rich in gold and pearls, inhabited by beautiful Black women who wore gold armor and lived like <a href="/wiki/Amazons" title="Amazons">Amazons</a>, as well as <a href="/wiki/Griffin" title="Griffin">griffins</a> and other strange beasts.<a href="#cite_note-Gudde-2010-25">[23]</a><a href="#cite_note-26">[24]</a><a href="#cite_note-27">[25]</a> Abbreviations of the state's name include <a href="/wiki/List_of_U.S._state_abbreviations" class="mw-redirect" title="List of U.S. state abbreviations">CA, Cal., Calif., Califas</a>, and <a href="/wiki/ISO_3166" title="ISO 3166">US-CA</a>. <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="History">History</h2></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/History_of_California" title="History of California">History of California</a></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Further information: <a href="/wiki/History_of_California_before_1900" title="History of California before 1900">History of California before 1900</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:California_tribes_%26_languages_at_contact.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/db/California_tribes_%26_languages_at_contact.png/170px-California_tribes_%26_languages_at_contact.png" decoding="async" width="170" height="188" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/db/California_tribes_%26_languages_at_contact.png/255px-California_tribes_%26_languages_at_contact.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/db/California_tribes_%26_languages_at_contact.png/340px-California_tribes_%26_languages_at_contact.png 2x" data-file-width="5304" data-file-height="5853" /></a><figcaption>A map of <a href="/wiki/Indigenous_Californians" class="mw-redirect" title="Indigenous Californians">Indigenous Californian</a> tribes and languages at the time of European contact.</figcaption></figure> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Indigenous">Indigenous</h3></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Indigenous_peoples_of_California" title="Indigenous peoples of California">Indigenous peoples of California</a></div> California was one of the most culturally and linguistically diverse areas in <a href="/wiki/Pre-Columbian_North_America" class="mw-redirect" title="Pre-Columbian North America">pre-Columbian North America</a>.<a href="#cite_note-28">[26]</a> Historians generally agree that there were at least 300,000 people living in California prior to European colonization.<a href="#cite_note-29">[27]</a> The <a href="/wiki/Indigenous_peoples_of_California" title="Indigenous peoples of California">Indigenous peoples of California</a> included more than <a href="/wiki/Classification_of_indigenous_peoples_of_the_Americas#California" class="mw-redirect" title="Classification of indigenous peoples of the Americas">70 distinct ethnic groups</a>, inhabiting environments ranging from mountains and deserts to islands and redwood forests.<a href="#cite_note-30">[28]</a> Living in these diverse geographic areas, the indigenous peoples developed complex forms of ecosystem management, including <a href="/wiki/Forest_gardening" class="mw-redirect" title="Forest gardening">forest gardening</a> to ensure the regular availability of food and <a href="/wiki/Medicinal_plants" title="Medicinal plants">medicinal plants</a>.<a href="#cite_note-:17-31">[29]</a><a href="#cite_note-Cunningham2010-32">[30]</a> This was a form of <a href="/wiki/Sustainable_agriculture" title="Sustainable agriculture">sustainable agriculture</a>.<a href="#cite_note-33">[31]</a> To mitigate destructive large wildfires from ravaging the natural environment, indigenous peoples developed a practice of <a href="/wiki/Controlled_burn" title="Controlled burn">controlled burning</a>.<a href="#cite_note-34">[32]</a> This practice was recognized for its benefits by the California government in 2022.<a href="#cite_note-:7-35">[33]</a> These groups were also diverse in their political organization, with bands, tribes, villages, and, on the resource-rich coasts, large <a href="/wiki/Chiefdom" title="Chiefdom">chiefdoms</a>, such as the <a href="/wiki/Chumash_people" title="Chumash people">Chumash</a>, <a href="/wiki/Pomo_people" class="mw-redirect" title="Pomo people">Pomo</a> and <a href="/wiki/Salinan" title="Salinan">Salinan</a>. Trade, intermarriage, craft specialists, and military alliances fostered social and economic relationships between many groups. Although nations would sometimes war, most armed conflicts were between groups of men for <a href="/wiki/Revenge" title="Revenge">vengeance</a>. Acquiring territory was not usually the purpose of these small-scale battles.<a href="#cite_note-36">[34]</a> Men and women generally had different <a href="/wiki/Gender_role" title="Gender role">roles</a> in society. Women were often responsible for weaving, harvesting, processing, and preparing food, while men for hunting and other forms of physical labor. Most societies also had roles for people whom the Spanish referred to as joyas,<a href="#cite_note-37">[35]</a> who they saw as "men who dressed as women".<a href="#cite_note-:6-38">[36]</a> Joyas were responsible for <a href="/wiki/Death_rituals" class="mw-redirect" title="Death rituals">death</a>, <a href="/wiki/Burial" title="Burial">burial</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Mourning_rituals" class="mw-redirect" title="Mourning rituals">mourning rituals</a>, and they performed women's social roles.<a href="#cite_note-:6-38">[36]</a> Indigenous societies had terms such as <a href="/wiki/Two-spirit" title="Two-spirit">two-spirit</a> to refer to them. The Chumash referred to them as 'aqi.<a href="#cite_note-:6-38">[36]</a> The early Spanish settlers detested and sought to eliminate them.<a href="#cite_note-39">[37]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Spanish_period">Spanish period</h3></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main articles: <a href="/wiki/Province_of_Las_Californias" title="Province of Las Californias">Province of Las Californias</a> and <a href="/wiki/Spanish_missions_in_California" title="Spanish missions in California">Spanish missions in California</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:The_landing_of_Cabrillo_on_California_(detail_from_mural_by_Daniel_Sayre_Groesbeck_at_the_Santa_Barbara_County_Courthouse).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/93/The_landing_of_Cabrillo_on_California_%28detail_from_mural_by_Daniel_Sayre_Groesbeck_at_the_Santa_Barbara_County_Courthouse%29.jpg/220px-The_landing_of_Cabrillo_on_California_%28detail_from_mural_by_Daniel_Sayre_Groesbeck_at_the_Santa_Barbara_County_Courthouse%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="172" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/93/The_landing_of_Cabrillo_on_California_%28detail_from_mural_by_Daniel_Sayre_Groesbeck_at_the_Santa_Barbara_County_Courthouse%29.jpg/330px-The_landing_of_Cabrillo_on_California_%28detail_from_mural_by_Daniel_Sayre_Groesbeck_at_the_Santa_Barbara_County_Courthouse%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/93/The_landing_of_Cabrillo_on_California_%28detail_from_mural_by_Daniel_Sayre_Groesbeck_at_the_Santa_Barbara_County_Courthouse%29.jpg/440px-The_landing_of_Cabrillo_on_California_%28detail_from_mural_by_Daniel_Sayre_Groesbeck_at_the_Santa_Barbara_County_Courthouse%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3443" data-file-height="2696" /></a><figcaption>Portuguese explorer <a href="/wiki/Juan_Rodr%C3%ADguez_Cabrillo" title="Juan Rodríguez Cabrillo">Juan Rodríguez Cabrillo</a> claiming California for the <a href="/wiki/Spanish_Empire" title="Spanish Empire">Spanish Empire</a> in 1542</figcaption></figure> The first Europeans to explore the <a href="/wiki/Coast_of_California" class="mw-redirect" title="Coast of California">coast of California</a> were the members of a <a href="/wiki/Spanish_Empire" title="Spanish Empire">Spanish</a> maritime expedition led by Portuguese captain <a href="/wiki/Juan_Rodr%C3%ADguez_Cabrillo" title="Juan Rodríguez Cabrillo">Juan Rodríguez Cabrillo</a> in 1542. Cabrillo was commissioned by <a href="/wiki/Antonio_de_Mendoza" title="Antonio de Mendoza">Antonio de Mendoza</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Viceroy_of_New_Spain" class="mw-redirect" title="Viceroy of New Spain">Viceroy of New Spain</a>, to lead an expedition up the Pacific coast in search of trade opportunities; they entered <a href="/wiki/San_Diego_Bay" title="San Diego Bay">San Diego Bay</a> on September 28, 1542, and reached at least as far north as <a href="/wiki/San_Miguel_Island" title="San Miguel Island">San Miguel Island</a>.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTERolle199820–21-40">[38]</a> Privateer and explorer <a href="/wiki/Francis_Drake" title="Francis Drake">Francis Drake</a> explored and claimed an undefined portion of the California coast in 1579, landing north of the future city of <a href="/wiki/San_Francisco" title="San Francisco">San Francisco</a>. The first Asians to set foot on what would be the United States occurred in 1587, when <a href="/wiki/Overseas_Filipino" class="mw-redirect" title="Overseas Filipino">Filipino</a> sailors arrived in Spanish ships at <a href="/wiki/Morro_Bay,_California" title="Morro Bay, California">Morro Bay</a>.<a href="#cite_note-41">[39]</a><a href="#cite_note-42">[40]</a> Coincidentally the <a href="/wiki/Agustin_de_Legaspi" class="mw-redirect" title="Agustin de Legaspi">descendants of the Muslim</a> Caliph <a href="/wiki/Hasan_ibn_Ali" title="Hasan ibn Ali">Hasan ibn Ali</a> in formerly <a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Maynila#Establishment_by_Sultan_Bolkiah_and_the_Sultanate_of_Brunei_(c._1500)" class="mw-redirect" title="Kingdom of Maynila">Islamic Manila</a> and had converted, then mixed Christianity with Islam, upon Spanish conquest, <a href="/wiki/Tondo_Conspiracy#Aftermath" title="Tondo Conspiracy">transited through California (Named after a Caliph)</a> on their way to <a href="/wiki/Guerrero,_Mexico" class="mw-redirect" title="Guerrero, Mexico">Guerrero, Mexico</a><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTERolle199824-43">[41]</a> where they played a future role in the <a href="/wiki/Philippine_Military_Activities_in_the_Americas" class="mw-redirect" title="Philippine Military Activities in the Americas">wars of independence</a>. <a href="/wiki/Sebasti%C3%A1n_Vizca%C3%ADno" title="Sebastián Vizcaíno">Sebastián Vizcaíno</a> explored and mapped the coast of California in 1602 for <a href="/wiki/New_Spain" title="New Spain">New Spain</a>, putting ashore in <a href="/wiki/Monterey,_California" title="Monterey, California">Monterey</a>.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTERolle199826-44">[42]</a> Despite the on-the-ground explorations of California in the 16th century, Rodríguez's <a href="/wiki/Island_of_California" title="Island of California">idea of California as an island</a> persisted. Such depictions appeared on many European maps well into the 18th century.<a href="#cite_note-45">[43]</a> The <a href="/wiki/Portol%C3%A1_expedition" title="Portolá expedition">Portolá expedition</a> of 1769–70 was a pivotal event in the Spanish colonization of California, resulting in the establishment of numerous missions, <a href="/wiki/Presidio" title="Presidio">presidios</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Pueblos" class="mw-redirect" title="Pueblos">pueblos</a>. The military and civil contingent of the expedition was led by <a href="/wiki/Gaspar_de_Portol%C3%A1" title="Gaspar de Portolá">Gaspar de Portolá</a>, who traveled over land from <a href="/wiki/Sonora" title="Sonora">Sonora</a> into California, while the religious component was headed by <a href="/wiki/Jun%C3%ADpero_Serra" title="Junípero Serra">Junípero Serra</a>, who came by sea from <a href="/wiki/Baja_California" title="Baja California">Baja California</a>. In 1769, Portolá and Serra established <a href="/wiki/Mission_San_Diego_de_Alcal%C3%A1" title="Mission San Diego de Alcalá">Mission San Diego de Alcalá</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Presidio_of_San_Diego" title="Presidio of San Diego">Presidio of San Diego</a>, the first religious and military settlements founded by the Spanish in California. By the end of the expedition in 1770, they would establish the <a href="/wiki/Presidio_of_Monterey" class="mw-redirect" title="Presidio of Monterey">Presidio of Monterey</a> and <a href="/wiki/Mission_San_Carlos_Borromeo_de_Carmelo" title="Mission San Carlos Borromeo de Carmelo">Mission San Carlos Borromeo de Carmelo</a> on Monterey Bay. <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Father_Serra_Celebrates_Mass_at_Monterey_by_L%C3%A9on_Trousset.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/97/Father_Serra_Celebrates_Mass_at_Monterey_by_L%C3%A9on_Trousset.jpg/220px-Father_Serra_Celebrates_Mass_at_Monterey_by_L%C3%A9on_Trousset.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="161" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/97/Father_Serra_Celebrates_Mass_at_Monterey_by_L%C3%A9on_Trousset.jpg/330px-Father_Serra_Celebrates_Mass_at_Monterey_by_L%C3%A9on_Trousset.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/97/Father_Serra_Celebrates_Mass_at_Monterey_by_L%C3%A9on_Trousset.jpg/440px-Father_Serra_Celebrates_Mass_at_Monterey_by_L%C3%A9on_Trousset.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1697" data-file-height="1243" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Jun%C3%ADpero_Serra" title="Junípero Serra">Junípero Serra</a> conducting the first <a href="/wiki/Mass_in_the_Catholic_Church" title="Mass in the Catholic Church">Mass</a> in <a href="/wiki/Monterey_Bay" title="Monterey Bay">Monterey Bay</a> in 1770</figcaption></figure> After the Portolà expedition, Spanish <a href="/wiki/Missionary" title="Missionary">missionaries</a> led by Father-President Serra set out to establish 21 <a href="/wiki/Spanish_missions_of_California" class="mw-redirect" title="Spanish missions of California">Spanish missions of California</a> along <a href="/wiki/El_Camino_Real_(California)" title="El Camino Real (California)">El Camino Real</a> ("The Royal Road") and along the California coast, 16 sites of which having been chosen during the Portolá expedition. Numerous major cities in California grew out of missions, including San Francisco (<a href="/wiki/Mission_San_Francisco_de_As%C3%ADs" title="Mission San Francisco de Asís">Mission San Francisco de Asís</a>), San Diego (<a href="/wiki/Mission_San_Diego_de_Alcal%C3%A1" title="Mission San Diego de Alcalá">Mission San Diego de Alcalá</a>), Ventura (<a href="/wiki/Mission_San_Buenaventura" title="Mission San Buenaventura">Mission San Buenaventura</a>), or Santa Barbara (<a href="/wiki/Mission_Santa_Barbara" title="Mission Santa Barbara">Mission Santa Barbara</a>), among others. <a href="/wiki/Juan_Bautista_de_Anza" title="Juan Bautista de Anza">Juan Bautista de Anza</a> led a similarly important expedition throughout California in 1775–76, which would extend deeper into the interior and north of California. The Anza expedition selected numerous sites for missions, presidios, and pueblos, which subsequently would be established by settlers. <a href="/wiki/Gabriel_Moraga" title="Gabriel Moraga">Gabriel Moraga</a>, a member of the expedition, would also christen many of California's prominent rivers with their names in 1775–1776, such as the <a href="/wiki/Sacramento_River" title="Sacramento River">Sacramento River</a> and the <a href="/wiki/San_Joaquin_River" title="San Joaquin River">San Joaquin River</a>. After the expedition, Gabriel's son, <a href="/wiki/Jos%C3%A9_Joaqu%C3%ADn_Moraga" title="José Joaquín Moraga">José Joaquín Moraga</a>, would found the pueblo of <a href="/wiki/San_Jose,_California" title="San Jose, California">San Jose</a> in 1777, making it the first civilian-established city in California. <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:San_Juan_Capistrano,_California_(c._1806).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5f/San_Juan_Capistrano%2C_California_%28c._1806%29.jpg/220px-San_Juan_Capistrano%2C_California_%28c._1806%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="160" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5f/San_Juan_Capistrano%2C_California_%28c._1806%29.jpg/330px-San_Juan_Capistrano%2C_California_%28c._1806%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5f/San_Juan_Capistrano%2C_California_%28c._1806%29.jpg/440px-San_Juan_Capistrano%2C_California_%28c._1806%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="892" data-file-height="650" /></a><figcaption>The Spanish founded <a href="/wiki/Mission_San_Juan_Capistrano" title="Mission San Juan Capistrano">Mission San Juan Capistrano</a> in 1776, the third to be established of <a href="/wiki/Spanish_missions_in_California" title="Spanish missions in California">California's missions</a>.</figcaption></figure> During this same period, sailors from the <a href="/wiki/Russian_Empire" title="Russian Empire">Russian Empire</a> explored along the northern coast of California. In 1812, the <a href="/wiki/Russian-American_Company" title="Russian-American Company">Russian-American Company</a> established a trading post and small fortification at <a href="/wiki/Fort_Ross" class="mw-redirect" title="Fort Ross">Fort Ross</a> on the <a href="/wiki/North_Coast_(California)" title="North Coast (California)">North Coast</a>.<a href="#cite_note-Historical_Atlas_of_California-46">[44]</a><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTERolle199851–52-47">[45]</a> Fort Ross was primarily used to supply <a href="/wiki/Russian_America" class="mw-redirect" title="Russian America">Russia's Alaskan colonies</a> with food supplies. The settlement did not meet much success, failing to attract settlers or establish long term trade viability, and was abandoned by 1841. During the <a href="/wiki/War_of_Mexican_Independence" class="mw-redirect" title="War of Mexican Independence">War of Mexican Independence</a>, Alta California was largely unaffected and uninvolved in the revolution,<a href="#cite_note-48">[46]</a> though many <a href="/wiki/Californio" class="mw-redirect" title="Californio">Californios</a> supported independence from <a href="/wiki/Spain" title="Spain">Spain</a>, which many believed had neglected California and limited its development.<a href="#cite_note-49">[47]</a> Spain's trade monopoly on California had limited local trade prospects. Following Mexican independence, California ports were freely able to trade with foreign merchants. Governor <a href="/wiki/Pablo_Vicente_de_Sol%C3%A1" title="Pablo Vicente de Solá">Pablo Vicente de Solá</a> presided over the transition from <a href="/wiki/New_Spain" title="New Spain">Spanish colonial rule</a> to independent Mexican rule. <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Mexican_period">Mexican period</h3></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main articles: <a href="/wiki/Alta_California" title="Alta California">Alta California</a> and <a href="/wiki/Ranchos_of_California" title="Ranchos of California">Ranchos of California</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:1836_alvarado_flag.webp" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/48/1836_alvarado_flag.webp/220px-1836_alvarado_flag.webp.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="169" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/48/1836_alvarado_flag.webp/330px-1836_alvarado_flag.webp.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/48/1836_alvarado_flag.webp/440px-1836_alvarado_flag.webp.png 2x" data-file-width="597" data-file-height="458" /></a><figcaption>The flag used by <a href="/wiki/Californio" class="mw-redirect" title="Californio">Californio</a> leader <a href="/wiki/Juan_Bautista_Alvarado" title="Juan Bautista Alvarado">Juan Bautista Alvarado</a>'s 1836 <a href="/wiki/California_independence" class="mw-redirect" title="California independence">California independence</a> movement</figcaption></figure> In 1821, the <a href="/wiki/Mexican_War_of_Independence" title="Mexican War of Independence">Mexican War of Independence</a> gave the <a href="/wiki/Declaration_of_Independence_of_the_Mexican_Empire" class="mw-redirect" title="Declaration of Independence of the Mexican Empire">Mexican Empire</a> (which included California) independence from Spain. For the next 25 years, Alta California remained a remote, sparsely populated, northwestern administrative district of the newly independent country of Mexico, which shortly after independence became a republic. The <a href="/wiki/Missions_of_California" class="mw-redirect" title="Missions of California">missions</a>, which controlled most of the best land in the state, were <a href="/wiki/Secularized" class="mw-redirect" title="Secularized">secularized</a> by 1834 and became the property of the Mexican government.<a href="#cite_note-nps-50">[48]</a> The governor granted many square leagues of land to others with political influence. These huge <a href="/wiki/Ranchos_of_California" title="Ranchos of California">ranchos</a> or cattle ranches emerged as the dominant institutions of Mexican California. The ranchos developed under ownership by <a href="/wiki/Californio" class="mw-redirect" title="Californio">Californios</a> (Hispanics native of California) who traded cowhides and tallow with Boston merchants. Beef did not become a commodity until the 1849 <a href="/wiki/California_Gold_Rush" class="mw-redirect" title="California Gold Rush">California Gold Rush</a>. From the 1820s, trappers and settlers from the United States and Canada began to arrive in Northern California. These new arrivals used the <a href="/wiki/Siskiyou_Trail" title="Siskiyou Trail">Siskiyou Trail</a>, <a href="/wiki/California_Trail" title="California Trail">California Trail</a>, <a href="/wiki/Oregon_Trail" title="Oregon Trail">Oregon Trail</a> and <a href="/wiki/Old_Spanish_Trail_(trade_route)" title="Old Spanish Trail (trade route)">Old Spanish Trail</a> to cross the rugged mountains and harsh deserts in and surrounding California. The early government of the newly independent Mexico was highly unstable, and in a reflection of this, from 1831 onwards, California also experienced a series of armed disputes, both internal and with the central Mexican government.<a href="#cite_note-51">[49]</a> During this tumultuous political period <a href="/wiki/Juan_Bautista_Alvarado" title="Juan Bautista Alvarado">Juan Bautista Alvarado</a> was able to secure the governorship during 1836–1842.<a href="#cite_note-52">[50]</a> The military action which first brought Alvarado to power had momentarily declared California to be an independent state, and had been aided by <a href="/wiki/Anglo-Americans" title="Anglo-Americans">Anglo-American</a> residents of California,<a href="#cite_note-Graham1840-53">[51]</a> including <a href="/wiki/Isaac_Graham" title="Isaac Graham">Isaac Graham</a>.<a href="#cite_note-54">[52]</a> In 1840, one hundred of those residents who did not have passports were arrested, leading to the <a href="/wiki/Isaac_Graham" title="Isaac Graham">Graham Affair</a>, which was resolved in part with the intercession of <a href="/wiki/Royal_Navy" title="Royal Navy">Royal Navy</a> officials.<a href="#cite_note-Graham1840-53">[51]</a> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:%22General_Vallejo_Reviewing_His_Troops_in_Sonoma,_1846%22.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/%22General_Vallejo_Reviewing_His_Troops_in_Sonoma%2C_1846%22.jpg/220px-%22General_Vallejo_Reviewing_His_Troops_in_Sonoma%2C_1846%22.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="121" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/%22General_Vallejo_Reviewing_His_Troops_in_Sonoma%2C_1846%22.jpg/330px-%22General_Vallejo_Reviewing_His_Troops_in_Sonoma%2C_1846%22.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/%22General_Vallejo_Reviewing_His_Troops_in_Sonoma%2C_1846%22.jpg/440px-%22General_Vallejo_Reviewing_His_Troops_in_Sonoma%2C_1846%22.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1023" data-file-height="563" /></a><figcaption>General <a href="/wiki/Mariano_Guadalupe_Vallejo" title="Mariano Guadalupe Vallejo">Mariano G. Vallejo</a> reviewing his troops in the <a href="/wiki/Sonoma_Plaza" title="Sonoma Plaza">Sonoma Plaza</a>, 1846</figcaption></figure> One of the largest ranchers in California was <a href="/wiki/John_Marsh_(pioneer)" title="John Marsh (pioneer)">John Marsh</a>. After failing to obtain justice against squatters on his land from the Mexican courts, he determined that California should become part of the United States. Marsh conducted a letter-writing campaign espousing the California climate, the soil, and other reasons to settle there, as well as the best route to follow, which became known as "Marsh's route". His letters were read, reread, passed around, and printed in newspapers throughout the country, and started the first wagon trains rolling to California.<a href="#cite_note-55">[53]</a> After ushering in the period of organized emigration to California, Marsh became involved in a military battle between the much-hated Mexican general, <a href="/wiki/Manuel_Micheltorena" title="Manuel Micheltorena">Manuel Micheltorena</a> and the California governor he had replaced, Juan Bautista Alvarado. At the <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Providencia" title="Battle of Providencia">Battle of Providencia</a> near Los Angeles, he convinced each side that they had no reason to be fighting each other. As a result of Marsh's actions, they abandoned the fight, Micheltorena was defeated, and California-born <a href="/wiki/Pio_Pico" class="mw-redirect" title="Pio Pico">Pio Pico</a> was returned to the governorship. This paved the way to California's ultimate acquisition by the United States.<a href="#cite_note-56">[54]</a><a href="#cite_note-57">[55]</a><a href="#cite_note-58">[56]</a><a href="#cite_note-59">[57]</a><a href="#cite_note-60">[58]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="U.S._conquest_and_the_California_Republic">U.S. conquest and the California Republic</h3></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main articles: <a href="/wiki/Conquest_of_California" title="Conquest of California">Conquest of California</a> and <a href="/wiki/Bear_Flag_Revolt" class="mw-redirect" title="Bear Flag Revolt">Bear Flag Revolt</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Fremont_Raising_the_Bear_Flag_(engraved,_c._1860).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/Fremont_Raising_the_Bear_Flag_%28engraved%2C_c._1860%29.jpg/220px-Fremont_Raising_the_Bear_Flag_%28engraved%2C_c._1860%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="161" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/Fremont_Raising_the_Bear_Flag_%28engraved%2C_c._1860%29.jpg/330px-Fremont_Raising_the_Bear_Flag_%28engraved%2C_c._1860%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/Fremont_Raising_the_Bear_Flag_%28engraved%2C_c._1860%29.jpg/440px-Fremont_Raising_the_Bear_Flag_%28engraved%2C_c._1860%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="878" /></a><figcaption>The 1846 <a href="/wiki/Bear_Flag_Revolt" class="mw-redirect" title="Bear Flag Revolt">Bear Flag Revolt</a> declared the <a href="/wiki/California_Republic" title="California Republic">California Republic</a> and prefaced the <a href="/wiki/Conquest_of_California" title="Conquest of California">American conquest of California</a>.</figcaption></figure> In 1846, a group of American settlers in and around <a href="/wiki/Sonoma,_California" title="Sonoma, California">Sonoma</a> rebelled against Mexican rule during the <a href="/wiki/Bear_Flag_Revolt" class="mw-redirect" title="Bear Flag Revolt">Bear Flag Revolt</a>. Afterward, rebels raised the <a href="/wiki/Bear_Flag" class="mw-redirect" title="Bear Flag">Bear Flag</a> (featuring a bear, a star, a red stripe and the words "California Republic") at Sonoma. The Republic's only president was <a href="/wiki/William_B._Ide" title="William B. Ide">William B. Ide</a>,<a href="#cite_note-William_B._Ide_Adobe_SHP-61">[59]</a> who played a pivotal role during the Bear Flag Revolt. This revolt by American settlers served as a prelude to the later American military invasion of California and was closely coordinated with nearby American military commanders. The California Republic was short-lived;<a href="#cite_note-62">[60]</a> the same year marked the outbreak of the <a href="/wiki/Mexican%E2%80%93American_War" title="Mexican–American War">Mexican–American War</a> (1846–1848).<a href="#cite_note-63">[61]</a> Commodore <a href="/wiki/John_D._Sloat" title="John D. Sloat">John D. Sloat</a> of the <a href="/wiki/United_States_Navy" title="United States Navy">United States Navy</a> sailed into <a href="/wiki/Monterey_Bay" title="Monterey Bay">Monterey Bay</a> in 1846 and began the <a href="/wiki/Conquest_of_California" title="Conquest of California">U.S. military invasion of California</a>, with Northern California capitulating in less than a month to the United States forces.<a href="#cite_note-64">[62]</a> In Southern California, Californios continued to resist American forces. Notable military engagements of the conquest include the <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_San_Pasqual" title="Battle of San Pasqual">Battle of San Pasqual</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Dominguez_Rancho" title="Battle of Dominguez Rancho">Battle of Dominguez Rancho</a> in Southern California, as well as the <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Ol%C3%B3mpali" title="Battle of Olómpali">Battle of Olómpali</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Santa_Clara_(1847)" title="Battle of Santa Clara (1847)">Battle of Santa Clara</a> in Northern California. After a series of defensive battles in the south, the <a href="/wiki/Treaty_of_Cahuenga" title="Treaty of Cahuenga">Treaty of Cahuenga</a> was signed by the <a href="/wiki/Californios" title="Californios">Californios</a> on January 13, 1847, securing a censure and establishing <a href="/wiki/De_facto" title="De facto">de facto</a> American control in California.<a href="#cite_note-65">[63]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Early_American_period">Early American period</h3></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/California_gold_rush" title="California gold rush">California gold rush</a> and <a href="/wiki/Interim_government_of_California" title="Interim government of California">Interim government of California</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Treaty_of_Cahuenga.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/53/Treaty_of_Cahuenga.jpg/220px-Treaty_of_Cahuenga.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="113" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/53/Treaty_of_Cahuenga.jpg/330px-Treaty_of_Cahuenga.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/53/Treaty_of_Cahuenga.jpg/440px-Treaty_of_Cahuenga.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1437" data-file-height="739" /></a><figcaption>The <a href="/wiki/Treaty_of_Cahuenga" title="Treaty of Cahuenga">Treaty of Cahuenga</a>, signed in 1847 by Californio <a href="/wiki/Andr%C3%A9s_Pico" title="Andrés Pico">Andrés Pico</a> and American <a href="/wiki/John_C._Fr%C3%A9mont" title="John C. Frémont">John C. Frémont</a>, was a ceasefire that ended the U.S. <a href="/wiki/Conquest_of_California" title="Conquest of California">conquest of California</a>.</figcaption></figure> Following the <a href="/wiki/Treaty_of_Guadalupe_Hidalgo" title="Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo">Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo</a> (February 2, 1848) that ended the war, the westernmost portion of the annexed Mexican territory of Alta California soon became the American state of California, and the remainder of the old territory was then subdivided into the new American Territories of Arizona, Nevada, <a href="/wiki/Colorado" title="Colorado">Colorado</a> and <a href="/wiki/Utah" title="Utah">Utah</a>. The even more lightly populated and arid lower region of old Baja California remained as a part of Mexico. In 1846, the total settler population of the western part of the old Alta California had been estimated to be no more than 8,000, plus about 100,000 Native Americans, down from about 300,000 before Hispanic settlement in 1769.<a href="#cite_note-Osborne2012-66">[64]</a> In 1848, only one week before the official American annexation of the area, gold was discovered in California, this being an event which was to forever alter both the state's demographics and its finances. Soon afterward, a massive influx of immigration into the area resulted, as prospectors and miners arrived by the thousands. The population burgeoned with United States citizens, Europeans, Middle Easterns, Chinese and other immigrants during the great <a href="/wiki/California_gold_rush" title="California gold rush">California gold rush</a>. By the time of California's application for statehood in 1850, the settler population of California had multiplied to 100,000. By 1854, more than 300,000 settlers had come.<a href="#cite_note-67">[65]</a> Between 1847 and 1870, the population of San Francisco increased from 500 to 150,000.<a href="#cite_note-68">[66]</a> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1237032888/mw-parser-output/.tmulti">.mw-parser-output .tmulti .multiimageinner{display:flex;flex-direction:column}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .trow{display:flex;flex-direction:row;clear:left;flex-wrap:wrap;width:100%;box-sizing:border-box}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .tsingle{margin:1px;float:left}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .theader{clear:both;font-weight:bold;text-align:center;align-self:center;background-color:transparent;width:100%}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .thumbcaption{background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .text-align-left{text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .text-align-right{text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .text-align-center{text-align:center}@media all and (max-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .tmulti .thumbinner{width:100%!important;box-sizing:border-box;max-width:none!important;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .trow{justify-content:center}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .tsingle{float:none!important;max-width:100%!important;box-sizing:border-box;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .tsingle .thumbcaption{text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .trow>.thumbcaption{text-align:center}}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .tmulti .multiimageinner img{background-color:white}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .tmulti .multiimageinner img{background-color:white}}</style><div class="thumb tmulti tleft"><div class="thumbinner multiimageinner" style="width:224px;max-width:224px"><div class="trow"><div class="theader"><a href="/wiki/California_Gold_Rush" class="mw-redirect" title="California Gold Rush">California Gold Rush</a></div></div><div class="trow"><div class="tsingle" style="width:222px;max-width:222px"><div class="thumbimage"><a href="/wiki/File:California_Clipper_500.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0d/California_Clipper_500.jpg/220px-California_Clipper_500.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="138" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0d/California_Clipper_500.jpg/330px-California_Clipper_500.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0d/California_Clipper_500.jpg/440px-California_Clipper_500.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3887" data-file-height="2430" /></a></div><div class="thumbcaption">An ad to sail to California, <abbr title="circa">c.</abbr> 1850</div></div></div><div class="trow"><div class="tsingle" style="width:222px;max-width:222px"><div class="thumbimage"><a href="/wiki/File:SanFranciscoharbor1851c_sharp.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/46/SanFranciscoharbor1851c_sharp.jpg/220px-SanFranciscoharbor1851c_sharp.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="148" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/46/SanFranciscoharbor1851c_sharp.jpg/330px-SanFranciscoharbor1851c_sharp.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/46/SanFranciscoharbor1851c_sharp.jpg/440px-SanFranciscoharbor1851c_sharp.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2574" data-file-height="1727" /></a></div><div class="thumbcaption"><a href="/wiki/San_Francisco" title="San Francisco">San Francisco</a> harbor, <abbr title="circa">c.</abbr> 1850–51</div></div></div><div class="trow"><div class="tsingle" style="width:222px;max-width:222px"><div class="thumbimage"><a href="/wiki/File:Mining_on_the_American_River_near_Sacramento,_circa_1852.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3d/Mining_on_the_American_River_near_Sacramento%2C_circa_1852.jpg/220px-Mining_on_the_American_River_near_Sacramento%2C_circa_1852.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="124" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3d/Mining_on_the_American_River_near_Sacramento%2C_circa_1852.jpg/330px-Mining_on_the_American_River_near_Sacramento%2C_circa_1852.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3d/Mining_on_the_American_River_near_Sacramento%2C_circa_1852.jpg/440px-Mining_on_the_American_River_near_Sacramento%2C_circa_1852.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1600" data-file-height="902" /></a></div><div class="thumbcaption">Mining near <a href="/wiki/Sacramento,_California" title="Sacramento, California">Sacramento</a>, <abbr title="circa">c.</abbr> 1852</div></div></div></div></div> The seat of government for California under Spanish and later Mexican rule had been located in <a href="/wiki/Monterey,_California" title="Monterey, California">Monterey</a> from 1777 until 1845.<a href="#cite_note-nps-50">[48]</a> Pio Pico, the last Mexican governor of Alta California, had briefly moved the capital to Los Angeles in 1845. The United States <a href="/wiki/Consulate" title="Consulate">consulate</a> had also been located in Monterey, under consul <a href="/wiki/Thomas_O._Larkin" title="Thomas O. Larkin">Thomas O. Larkin</a>. In 1849, a state Constitutional Convention was first held in Monterey. Among the first tasks of the convention was a decision on a location for the new state capital. The first full legislative sessions were held in San Jose (1850–1851). Subsequent locations included <a href="/wiki/Vallejo,_California" title="Vallejo, California">Vallejo</a> (1852–1853), and nearby <a href="/wiki/Benicia,_California" title="Benicia, California">Benicia</a> (1853–1854); these locations eventually proved to be inadequate as well. The capital has been located in <a href="/wiki/Sacramento,_California" title="Sacramento, California">Sacramento</a> since 1854<a href="#cite_note-Wilson_2006-69">[67]</a> with only a short break in 1862 when legislative sessions were held in San Francisco due to <a href="/wiki/Great_Flood_of_1862" title="Great Flood of 1862">flooding in Sacramento</a>. Once the state's Constitutional Convention had finalized its state constitution, it applied to the U.S. Congress for <a href="/wiki/Admission_to_the_Union" title="Admission to the Union">admission to statehood</a>. On September 9, 1850, as part of the <a href="/wiki/Compromise_of_1850" title="Compromise of 1850">Compromise of 1850</a>, California became a <a href="/wiki/Slave_states_and_free_states" title="Slave states and free states">free state</a> and September 9 a <a href="/wiki/California_Admission_Day" class="mw-redirect" title="California Admission Day">state holiday</a>. During the <a href="/wiki/American_Civil_War" title="American Civil War">American Civil War</a> (1861–1865), California sent gold shipments eastward to Washington <a href="/wiki/California_in_the_American_Civil_War" title="California in the American Civil War">in support of the Union</a>.<a href="#cite_note-70">[68]</a> However, due to the existence of a large contingent of pro-South sympathizers within the state, the state was not able to muster any full military regiments to send eastwards to officially serve in the Union war effort. Still, several smaller military units within the Union army, such as the <a href="/wiki/2nd_Regiment_of_Cavalry,_Massachusetts_Volunteers" class="mw-redirect" title="2nd Regiment of Cavalry, Massachusetts Volunteers">"California 100 Company"</a>, were unofficially associated with the state of California due to a majority of their members being from California. At the time of California's admission into the Union, travel between California and the rest of the continental United States had been a time-consuming and dangerous feat. Nineteen years later, and seven years after it was greenlighted by President Lincoln, the <a href="/wiki/First_transcontinental_railroad" title="First transcontinental railroad">first transcontinental railroad</a> was completed in 1869. California was then reachable from the eastern States in a week's time. Much of the state was extremely well suited to fruit cultivation and agriculture in general. Vast expanses of wheat, other cereal crops, vegetable crops, cotton, and nut and fruit trees were grown (including oranges in Southern California), and the foundation was laid for the state's prodigious agricultural production in the Central Valley and elsewhere. In the nineteenth century, a large number of migrants from China traveled to the state as part of the <a href="/wiki/Gold_Rush" class="mw-redirect" title="Gold Rush">Gold Rush</a> or to seek work.<a href="#cite_note-71">[69]</a> Even though the Chinese proved indispensable in building the transcontinental railroad from California to Utah, perceived job competition with the Chinese led to anti-Chinese riots in the state, and eventually the US ended migration from China partially as a response to pressure from California with the 1882 <a href="/wiki/Chinese_Exclusion_Act" title="Chinese Exclusion Act">Chinese Exclusion Act</a>.<a href="#cite_note-72">[70]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="California_genocide">California genocide</h4></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/California_genocide" title="California genocide">California genocide</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:%22Protecting_The_Settlers%22_Illustration_by_JR_Browne_for_his_work_%22The_Indians_Of_California%22_1864_(cropped).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e8/%22Protecting_The_Settlers%22_Illustration_by_JR_Browne_for_his_work_%22The_Indians_Of_California%22_1864_%28cropped%29.jpg/220px-%22Protecting_The_Settlers%22_Illustration_by_JR_Browne_for_his_work_%22The_Indians_Of_California%22_1864_%28cropped%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="224" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e8/%22Protecting_The_Settlers%22_Illustration_by_JR_Browne_for_his_work_%22The_Indians_Of_California%22_1864_%28cropped%29.jpg/330px-%22Protecting_The_Settlers%22_Illustration_by_JR_Browne_for_his_work_%22The_Indians_Of_California%22_1864_%28cropped%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e8/%22Protecting_The_Settlers%22_Illustration_by_JR_Browne_for_his_work_%22The_Indians_Of_California%22_1864_%28cropped%29.jpg/440px-%22Protecting_The_Settlers%22_Illustration_by_JR_Browne_for_his_work_%22The_Indians_Of_California%22_1864_%28cropped%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1512" data-file-height="1540" /></a><figcaption>Between 1846 and 1873, U.S. government agents and private settlers perpetrated many massacres against <a href="/wiki/Indigenous_Californians" class="mw-redirect" title="Indigenous Californians">Indigenous Californians</a>, known as the <a href="/wiki/California_genocide" title="California genocide">California genocide</a>. At least 9,456 were killed with estimates as high as 100,000 deaths.<a href="#cite_note-Madley-73">[71]</a><a href="#cite_note-:3-74">[72]</a></figcaption></figure> Under earlier Spanish and Mexican rule, California's original native population had precipitously declined, above all, from Eurasian diseases to which the <a href="/wiki/Indigenous_peoples_of_California" title="Indigenous peoples of California">Indigenous people of California</a> had not yet developed a natural immunity.<a href="#cite_note-75">[73]</a> Under its new American administration, California's first governor <a href="/wiki/Peter_Hardeman_Burnett" title="Peter Hardeman Burnett">Peter Hardeman Burnett</a> instituted policies that have been described as a state-sanctioned policy of elimination of California's indigenous people.<a href="#cite_note-:15-76">[74]</a> Burnett announced in 1851 in his Second Annual Message to the Legislature: "That a war of extermination will continue to be waged between the races until the Indian race becomes extinct must be expected. While we cannot anticipate the result with but painful regret, the inevitable destiny of the race is beyond the power and wisdom of man to avert."<a href="#cite_note-:14-77">[75]</a> As in other American states, indigenous peoples were forcibly removed from their lands by American <a href="/wiki/Settler" title="Settler">settlers</a>, like miners, ranchers, and farmers. Although California had entered the American union as a free state, the "loitering or orphaned Indians", were <a href="/wiki/De_facto" title="De facto">de facto</a> enslaved by their new Anglo-American masters under the 1850 <a href="/wiki/Act_for_the_Government_and_Protection_of_Indians" title="Act for the Government and Protection of Indians">Act for the Government and Protection of Indians</a>.<a href="#cite_note-78">[76]</a> One of these de facto <a href="/wiki/Slave-auction" class="mw-redirect" title="Slave-auction">slave auctions</a> was approved by the <a href="/wiki/Los_Angeles_City_Council" title="Los Angeles City Council">Los Angeles City Council</a> and occurred for nearly twenty years.<a href="#cite_note-:5-79">[77]</a> There were many massacres in which hundreds of indigenous people were killed by settlers for their land.<a href="#cite_note-Baumgardner_2005_171-80">[78]</a> Between 1850 and 1860, the California state government paid around 1.5 million dollars (some 250,000 of which was reimbursed by the federal government)<a href="#cite_note-81">[79]</a> to hire militias with the stated purpose of protecting settlers, however these militias perpetrated numerous massacres of indigenous people.<a href="#cite_note-:3-74">[72]</a><a href="#cite_note-Baumgardner_2005_171-80">[78]</a> Indigenous people were also forcibly moved to reservations and rancherias, which were often small and isolated and without enough natural resources or funding from the government to adequately sustain the populations living on them.<a href="#cite_note-:3-74">[72]</a> As a result, <a href="/wiki/Settler_colonialism" title="Settler colonialism">settler colonialism</a> was a calamity for indigenous people. Several scholars and Native American activists, including Benjamin Madley and <a href="/wiki/Ed_Castillo" title="Ed Castillo">Ed Castillo</a>, have described the actions of the California government <a href="/wiki/California_Genocide" class="mw-redirect" title="California Genocide">as a genocide</a>,<a href="#cite_note-:3-74">[72]</a><a href="#cite_note-Madley-73">[71]</a> as well as the 40th governor of California <a href="/wiki/Gavin_Newsom" title="Gavin Newsom">Gavin Newsom</a>.<a href="#cite_note-82">[80]</a> Benjamin Madley estimates that from 1846 to 1873, between 9,492 and 16,092 indigenous people were killed, including between 1,680 and 3,741 killed by the U.S. Army.<a href="#cite_note-Madley-73">[71]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="1900–present">1900–present</h3></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/History_of_California_(1900%E2%80%93present)" title="History of California (1900–present)">History of California (1900–present)</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Post-and-Grant-Avenue-Look_(cropped).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/23/Post-and-Grant-Avenue-Look_%28cropped%29.jpg/220px-Post-and-Grant-Avenue-Look_%28cropped%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="156" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/23/Post-and-Grant-Avenue-Look_%28cropped%29.jpg/330px-Post-and-Grant-Avenue-Look_%28cropped%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/23/Post-and-Grant-Avenue-Look_%28cropped%29.jpg/440px-Post-and-Grant-Avenue-Look_%28cropped%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2112" data-file-height="1500" /></a><figcaption>View of the destruction from the <a href="/wiki/1906_San_Francisco_earthquake" title="1906 San Francisco earthquake">1906 San Francisco earthquake</a></figcaption></figure> In the 20th century, thousands of Japanese people migrated to California. The state in 1913 passed the <a href="/wiki/California_Alien_Land_Law_of_1913" title="California Alien Land Law of 1913">Alien Land Act</a>, excluding Asian immigrants from owning land.<a href="#cite_note-83">[81]</a> During World War II, <a href="/wiki/Internment_of_Japanese_Americans" title="Internment of Japanese Americans">Japanese Americans in California were interned</a> in concentration camps;<a href="#cite_note-84">[82]</a> in 2020, California apologized.<a href="#cite_note-85">[83]</a> Migration to California accelerated during the early 20th century with the completion of transcontinental highways like the <a href="/wiki/U.S._Route_66_(California)" class="mw-redirect" title="U.S. Route 66 (California)">Route 66</a>. From 1900 to 1965, the population grew from fewer than one million to the greatest in the Union. In 1940, the Census Bureau reported California's population as 6% Hispanic, 2.4% Asian, and 90% non-Hispanic white.<a href="#cite_note-86">[84]</a> To meet the population's needs, engineering feats like the <a href="/wiki/California_Aqueduct" title="California Aqueduct">California</a> and <a href="/wiki/Los_Angeles_Aqueduct" title="Los Angeles Aqueduct">Los Angeles Aqueducts</a>; the <a href="/wiki/Oroville_Dam" title="Oroville Dam">Oroville</a> and <a href="/wiki/Shasta_Dam" title="Shasta Dam">Shasta Dams</a>; and the <a href="/wiki/San_Francisco%E2%80%93Oakland_Bay_Bridge" title="San Francisco–Oakland Bay Bridge">Bay</a> and <a href="/wiki/Golden_Gate_Bridge" title="Golden Gate Bridge">Golden Gate</a> Bridges were built. The state government adopted the <a href="/wiki/California_Master_Plan_for_Higher_Education" title="California Master Plan for Higher Education">California Master Plan for Higher Education</a> in 1960 to develop an efficient system of public education. <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Paramount_Pictures_studio_gate,_c._1940_(cropped).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Paramount_Pictures_studio_gate%2C_c._1940_%28cropped%29.jpg/220px-Paramount_Pictures_studio_gate%2C_c._1940_%28cropped%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="236" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Paramount_Pictures_studio_gate%2C_c._1940_%28cropped%29.jpg/330px-Paramount_Pictures_studio_gate%2C_c._1940_%28cropped%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Paramount_Pictures_studio_gate%2C_c._1940_%28cropped%29.jpg/440px-Paramount_Pictures_studio_gate%2C_c._1940_%28cropped%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="888" data-file-height="954" /></a><figcaption>In the early 20th century, <a href="/wiki/Major_film_studios" title="Major film studios">Hollywood studios</a>, like <a href="/wiki/Paramount_Pictures" title="Paramount Pictures">Paramount Pictures</a>, helped transform <a href="/wiki/Hollywood,_Los_Angeles" title="Hollywood, Los Angeles">Hollywood</a> into the world capital of film and helped solidify <a href="/wiki/Los_Angeles" title="Los Angeles">Los Angeles</a> as a global economic hub.</figcaption></figure> Meanwhile, attracted to the mild Mediterranean climate, cheap land, and the state's variety of geography, filmmakers established the <a href="/wiki/Studio_system" title="Studio system">studio system</a> in Hollywood in the 1920s. California manufactured 9% of US armaments produced <a href="/wiki/California_during_World_War_II" title="California during World War II">during World War II</a>, ranking third behind <a href="/wiki/New_York_(state)" title="New York (state)">New York</a> and <a href="/wiki/Michigan" title="Michigan">Michigan</a>.<a href="#cite_note-87">[85]</a> California easily ranked first in production of military ships at drydock facilities in San Diego, Los Angeles, and the San Francisco Bay Area.<a href="#cite_note-88">[86]</a><a href="#cite_note-89">[87]</a><a href="#cite_note-90">[88]</a><a href="#cite_note-91">[89]</a> Due to the hiring opportunities California offered during the conflict, the population multiplied from the immigration it received due to the work in its war factories, military bases, and training facilities.<a href="#cite_note-92">[90]</a> After World War II, California's economy expanded due to strong <a href="/wiki/Aerospace_manufacturer" title="Aerospace manufacturer">aerospace</a> and <a href="/wiki/Defense_industry" class="mw-redirect" title="Defense industry">defense</a> industries,<a href="#cite_note-BWatkins2012-93">[91]</a> whose size decreased following the end of the <a href="/wiki/Cold_War" title="Cold War">Cold War</a>.<a href="#cite_note-BWatkins2012-93">[91]</a><a href="#cite_note-94">[92]</a> <a href="/wiki/Stanford_University" title="Stanford University">Stanford University</a> began encouraging faculty and graduates to stay instead of leaving the state, and develop a high-tech region, now known as <a href="/wiki/Silicon_Valley" title="Silicon Valley">Silicon Valley</a>.<a href="#cite_note-Markoff-95">[93]</a> As a result of this, California is a world center of the entertainment and music industries, of technology, engineering, and the aerospace industry, and as the US center of agricultural production.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTECohen2003115–116-96">[94]</a> Just before the <a href="/wiki/Dot-com_bubble" title="Dot-com bubble">Dot Com Bust</a>, California had the fifth-largest economy in the world.<a href="#cite_note-97">[95]</a> In the mid and late twentieth century, race-related incidents occurred. Tensions between police and African Americans, combined with unemployment and poverty in inner cities, led to riots, such as the 1992 <a href="/wiki/1992_Los_Angeles_riots" title="1992 Los Angeles riots">Rodney King riots.</a><a href="#cite_note-98">[96]</a><a href="#cite_note-99">[97]</a> California was the hub of the <a href="/wiki/Black_Panther_Party" title="Black Panther Party">Black Panther Party</a>, known for arming African Americans to defend against racial injustice.<a href="#cite_note-100">[98]</a><a href="#cite_note-101">[99]</a> Mexican, Filipino, and other migrant farm workers rallied in the state around <a href="/wiki/Cesar_Chavez" title="Cesar Chavez">Cesar Chavez</a> for better pay in the 1960s and 70s.<a href="#cite_note-102">[100]</a> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Cesar_Chavez_and_Brown_Berets_at_peace_rally.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/Cesar_Chavez_and_Brown_Berets_at_peace_rally.jpg/220px-Cesar_Chavez_and_Brown_Berets_at_peace_rally.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="146" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/Cesar_Chavez_and_Brown_Berets_at_peace_rally.jpg/330px-Cesar_Chavez_and_Brown_Berets_at_peace_rally.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/Cesar_Chavez_and_Brown_Berets_at_peace_rally.jpg/440px-Cesar_Chavez_and_Brown_Berets_at_peace_rally.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3841" data-file-height="2550" /></a><figcaption>Civil rights activist <a href="/wiki/Cesar_Chavez" title="Cesar Chavez">Cesar Chavez</a>, flanked by <a href="/wiki/Brown_Berets" title="Brown Berets">Brown Berets</a>, at a 1971 rally during the <a href="/wiki/Chicano_movement" class="mw-redirect" title="Chicano movement">Chicano movement</a></figcaption></figure> During the 20th century, two great disasters happened: the <a href="/wiki/1906_San_Francisco_earthquake" title="1906 San Francisco earthquake">1906 San Francisco earthquake</a> and 1928 <a href="/wiki/St._Francis_Dam" title="St. Francis Dam">St. Francis Dam</a> flood remain the deadliest in U.S. history.<a href="#cite_note-IIIMcNeill2004-103">[101]</a> Although air pollution has been reduced, health problems associated with pollution continue. Brown haze known as "<a href="/wiki/Smog" title="Smog">smog</a>" has been substantially abated after federal and state restrictions on automobile exhaust.<a href="#cite_note-104">[102]</a><a href="#cite_note-105">[103]</a> An <a href="/wiki/2000%E2%80%932001_California_electricity_crisis" title="2000–2001 California electricity crisis">energy crisis in 2001</a> led to <a href="/wiki/Rolling_blackout" title="Rolling blackout">rolling blackouts</a>, soaring power rates, and the importation of electricity from neighboring states. <a href="/wiki/Southern_California_Edison" title="Southern California Edison">Southern California Edison</a> and <a href="/wiki/Pacific_Gas_and_Electric_Company" title="Pacific Gas and Electric Company">Pacific Gas and Electric Company</a> came under heavy criticism.<a href="#cite_note-106">[104]</a> Housing prices in urban areas continued to increase; a modest home which in the 1960s cost $25,000 would cost half a million dollars or more in urban areas by 2005. More people commuted longer hours to afford a home in more rural areas while earning larger salaries in the urban areas. Speculators bought houses, expecting to make a huge profit in months, then rolling it over by buying more properties. <a href="/wiki/Mortgage" title="Mortgage">Mortgage</a> companies were compliant, as people assumed prices would keep rising. The <a href="/wiki/Subprime_mortgage_crisis" title="Subprime mortgage crisis">bubble burst</a> in 2007–8 as prices began to crash. Hundreds of billions in property values vanished and foreclosures soared, as financial institutions and investors were badly hurt.<a href="#cite_note-107">[105]</a><a href="#cite_note-108">[106]</a> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Steve_Jobs_presents_iPhone_(cropped).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1e/Steve_Jobs_presents_iPhone_%28cropped%29.jpg/220px-Steve_Jobs_presents_iPhone_%28cropped%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="176" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1e/Steve_Jobs_presents_iPhone_%28cropped%29.jpg/330px-Steve_Jobs_presents_iPhone_%28cropped%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1e/Steve_Jobs_presents_iPhone_%28cropped%29.jpg/440px-Steve_Jobs_presents_iPhone_%28cropped%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1204" data-file-height="963" /></a><figcaption>The 2007 launch of the <a href="/wiki/IPhone_(1st_generation)" title="IPhone (1st generation)">iPhone</a> by <a href="/wiki/Apple_Inc." title="Apple Inc.">Apple</a> founder <a href="/wiki/Steve_Jobs" title="Steve Jobs">Steve Jobs</a> in <a href="/wiki/Silicon_Valley" title="Silicon Valley">Silicon Valley</a>, the largest <a href="/wiki/Technopole" title="Technopole">tech hub</a> in the world</figcaption></figure> In the 21st century, droughts and frequent wildfires attributed to climate change have occurred.<a href="#cite_note-109">[107]</a><a href="#cite_note-110">[108]</a> From 2011 to 2017, a <a href="/wiki/2011%E2%80%932017_California_drought" title="2011–2017 California drought">persistent drought</a> was the worst in its recorded history.<a href="#cite_note-111">[109]</a> The 2018 wildfire season was the state's deadliest and most destructive.<a href="#cite_note-112">[110]</a> One of the first confirmed <a href="/wiki/COVID-19" title="COVID-19">COVID-19</a> cases in the United States occurred in California on January 26, 2020.<a href="#cite_note-Wheeler2-113">[111]</a><a href="#cite_note-uk.reuters.com2-114">[112]</a> A <a href="/wiki/State_of_emergency#United_States" title="State of emergency">state of emergency</a> was declared in the state on March 4, 2020, and remained in effect until Governor <a href="/wiki/Gavin_Newsom" title="Gavin Newsom">Gavin Newsom</a> ended it in February 2023.<a href="#cite_note-115">[113]</a> A mandatory statewide <a href="/wiki/Stay-at-home_order" title="Stay-at-home order">stay-at-home order</a> was issued on March 19, 2020, which was ended in January 2021.<a href="#cite_note-116">[114]</a> Cultural and <a href="/wiki/Language_revitalization" title="Language revitalization">language revitalization</a> efforts among indigenous Californians have progressed among tribes as of 2022.<a href="#cite_note-117">[115]</a><a href="#cite_note-118">[116]</a> Some <a href="/wiki/Land_Back" title="Land Back">land returns</a> to indigenous stewardship have occurred.<a href="#cite_note-119">[117]</a><a href="#cite_note-120">[118]</a><a href="#cite_note-121">[119]</a> In 2022, the largest <a href="/wiki/Dam_removal" title="Dam removal">dam removal</a> and river restoration project in US history was announced for the <a href="/wiki/Klamath_River" title="Klamath River">Klamath River</a>, as a win for California tribes.<a href="#cite_note-122">[120]</a><a href="#cite_note-123">[121]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Geography">Geography</h2></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Geography_of_California" title="Geography of California">Geography of California</a></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Further information: <a href="/wiki/Northern_California" title="Northern California">Northern California</a> and <a href="/wiki/Southern_California" title="Southern California">Southern California</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:California_Topography_and_Geomorphic.gif" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/55/California_Topography_and_Geomorphic.gif/260px-California_Topography_and_Geomorphic.gif" decoding="async" width="260" height="279" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/55/California_Topography_and_Geomorphic.gif/390px-California_Topography_and_Geomorphic.gif 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/55/California_Topography_and_Geomorphic.gif/520px-California_Topography_and_Geomorphic.gif 2x" data-file-width="1117" data-file-height="1200" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Topographic_map" title="Topographic map">Topographic map</a> of California</figcaption></figure> Covering an area of 163,696 sq mi (423,970 km2), California is the <a href="/wiki/List_of_U.S._states_by_area" class="mw-redirect" title="List of U.S. states by area">third-largest state in the United States</a> in area, after <a href="/wiki/Alaska" title="Alaska">Alaska</a> and <a href="/wiki/Texas" title="Texas">Texas</a>.<a href="#cite_note-2000_population_and_housing-124">[122]</a> California is one of the most geographically diverse states in the union and is often geographically bisected into two regions, <a href="/wiki/Southern_California" title="Southern California">Southern California</a>, comprising the ten southernmost counties,<a href="#cite_note-125">[123]</a><a href="#cite_note-126">[124]</a> and <a href="/wiki/Northern_California" title="Northern California">Northern California</a>, comprising the 48 northernmost counties.<a href="#cite_note-127">[125]</a><a href="#cite_note-128">[126]</a> It is bordered by <a href="/wiki/Oregon" title="Oregon">Oregon</a> to the north, <a href="/wiki/Nevada" title="Nevada">Nevada</a> to the east and northeast, <a href="/wiki/Arizona" title="Arizona">Arizona</a> to the southeast, the <a href="/wiki/Pacific_Ocean" title="Pacific Ocean">Pacific Ocean</a> to the west and shares an international border with the <a href="/wiki/Mexico" title="Mexico">Mexican</a> state of <a href="/wiki/Baja_California" title="Baja California">Baja California</a> to the south (with which it makes up part of <a href="/wiki/The_Californias" title="The Californias">The Californias</a> region of <a href="/wiki/North_America" title="North America">North America</a>, alongside <a href="/wiki/Baja_California_Sur" title="Baja California Sur">Baja California Sur</a>). In the middle of the state lies the <a href="/wiki/California_Central_Valley" class="mw-redirect" title="California Central Valley">California Central Valley</a>, bounded by the Sierra Nevada in the east, the <a href="/wiki/Pacific_Coast_Ranges" title="Pacific Coast Ranges">coastal mountain ranges</a> in the west, the <a href="/wiki/Cascade_Range" title="Cascade Range">Cascade Range</a> to the north and by the <a href="/wiki/Tehachapi_Mountains" title="Tehachapi Mountains">Tehachapi Mountains</a> in the south. The Central Valley is California's productive agricultural heartland. Divided in two by the <a href="/wiki/Sacramento-San_Joaquin_River_Delta" class="mw-redirect" title="Sacramento-San Joaquin River Delta">Sacramento-San Joaquin River Delta</a>, the northern portion, the <a href="/wiki/Sacramento_Valley" title="Sacramento Valley">Sacramento Valley</a> serves as the watershed of the <a href="/wiki/Sacramento_River" title="Sacramento River">Sacramento River</a>, while the southern portion, the <a href="/wiki/San_Joaquin_Valley" title="San Joaquin Valley">San Joaquin Valley</a> is the watershed for the <a href="/wiki/San_Joaquin_River" title="San Joaquin River">San Joaquin River</a>. Both valleys derive their names from the rivers that flow through them. With dredging, the Sacramento and the San Joaquin Rivers have remained deep enough for several inland cities to be <a href="/wiki/Seaport" class="mw-redirect" title="Seaport">seaports</a>. <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Big_Sur_June_2008.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6b/Big_Sur_June_2008.jpg/220px-Big_Sur_June_2008.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6b/Big_Sur_June_2008.jpg/330px-Big_Sur_June_2008.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6b/Big_Sur_June_2008.jpg/440px-Big_Sur_June_2008.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="768" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Big_Sur" title="Big Sur">Big Sur</a>, on the <a href="/wiki/Central_Coast_(California)" title="Central Coast (California)">Central Coast</a></figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:1_yosemite_valley_tunnel_view_2010.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ec/1_yosemite_valley_tunnel_view_2010.JPG/220px-1_yosemite_valley_tunnel_view_2010.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="146" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ec/1_yosemite_valley_tunnel_view_2010.JPG/330px-1_yosemite_valley_tunnel_view_2010.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ec/1_yosemite_valley_tunnel_view_2010.JPG/440px-1_yosemite_valley_tunnel_view_2010.JPG 2x" data-file-width="4288" data-file-height="2848" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Yosemite" class="mw-redirect" title="Yosemite">Yosemite</a>, in the <a href="/wiki/Sierra_Nevada" title="Sierra Nevada">Sierra Nevada</a></figcaption></figure> The Sacramento-San Joaquin River Delta is a critical water supply hub for the state. Water is diverted from the delta and through an extensive network of <a href="/wiki/Pump_(Water)" class="mw-redirect" title="Pump (Water)">pumps</a> and canals that traverse nearly the length of the state, to the Central Valley and the State Water Projects and other needs. Water from the Delta provides drinking water for nearly 23 million people, almost two-thirds of the state's population as well as water for farmers on the west side of the San Joaquin Valley. <a href="/wiki/Suisun_Bay" title="Suisun Bay">Suisun Bay</a> lies at the confluence of the Sacramento and San Joaquin Rivers. The water is drained by the <a href="/wiki/Carquinez_Strait" title="Carquinez Strait">Carquinez Strait</a>, which flows into <a href="/wiki/San_Pablo_Bay" title="San Pablo Bay">San Pablo Bay</a>, a northern extension of <a href="/wiki/San_Francisco_Bay" title="San Francisco Bay">San Francisco Bay</a>, which then connects to the <a href="/wiki/Pacific_Ocean" title="Pacific Ocean">Pacific Ocean</a> via the <a href="/wiki/Golden_Gate" title="Golden Gate">Golden Gate</a> strait. The <a href="/wiki/Channel_Islands_of_California" class="mw-redirect" title="Channel Islands of California">Channel Islands</a> are located off the <a href="/wiki/South_Coast_(California)" title="South Coast (California)">Southern coast</a>, while the <a href="/wiki/Farallon_Islands" title="Farallon Islands">Farallon Islands</a> lie west of San Francisco. The Sierra Nevada (Spanish for "snowy range") includes the highest peak in the <a href="/wiki/Contiguous_United_States" title="Contiguous United States">contiguous 48 states</a>, <a href="/wiki/Mount_Whitney" title="Mount Whitney">Mount Whitney</a>, at 14,505 feet (4,421 m).<a href="#cite_note-Mount_Whitney-3">[3]</a><a href="#cite_note-USGS-4">[4]</a><a href="#cite_note-NAVD88-5">[note 1]</a> The range embraces <a href="/wiki/Yosemite_Valley" title="Yosemite Valley">Yosemite Valley</a>, famous for its glacially carved domes, and <a href="/wiki/Sequoia_National_Park" title="Sequoia National Park">Sequoia National Park</a>, home to the <a href="/wiki/Sequoiadendron_giganteum" title="Sequoiadendron giganteum">giant sequoia</a> trees, the largest living organisms on Earth, and the deep freshwater lake, <a href="/wiki/Lake_Tahoe" title="Lake Tahoe">Lake Tahoe</a>, the largest lake in the state by volume. To the east of the Sierra Nevada are <a href="/wiki/Owens_Valley" title="Owens Valley">Owens Valley</a> and <a href="/wiki/Mono_Lake" title="Mono Lake">Mono Lake</a>, an essential <a href="/wiki/Bird_migration" title="Bird migration">migratory bird</a> habitat. In the western part of the state is <a href="/wiki/Clear_Lake_(California)" title="Clear Lake (California)">Clear Lake</a>, the largest freshwater lake by area entirely in California. Although Lake Tahoe is larger, it is divided by the California/Nevada border. The Sierra Nevada falls to Arctic temperatures in winter and has several dozen small glaciers, including <a href="/wiki/Palisade_Glacier" title="Palisade Glacier">Palisade Glacier</a>, the southernmost glacier in the United States. <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Death_Valley_Mesquite_Flats_Sand_Dunes_2013.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9a/Death_Valley_Mesquite_Flats_Sand_Dunes_2013.jpg/220px-Death_Valley_Mesquite_Flats_Sand_Dunes_2013.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="91" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9a/Death_Valley_Mesquite_Flats_Sand_Dunes_2013.jpg/330px-Death_Valley_Mesquite_Flats_Sand_Dunes_2013.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9a/Death_Valley_Mesquite_Flats_Sand_Dunes_2013.jpg/440px-Death_Valley_Mesquite_Flats_Sand_Dunes_2013.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4928" data-file-height="2033" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Death_Valley" title="Death Valley">Death Valley</a>, in the <a href="/wiki/Mojave_Desert" title="Mojave Desert">Mojave Desert</a></figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:San-miguel-cuyler-hike_(cropped).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cf/San-miguel-cuyler-hike_%28cropped%29.jpg/220px-San-miguel-cuyler-hike_%28cropped%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="150" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cf/San-miguel-cuyler-hike_%28cropped%29.jpg/330px-San-miguel-cuyler-hike_%28cropped%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cf/San-miguel-cuyler-hike_%28cropped%29.jpg/440px-San-miguel-cuyler-hike_%28cropped%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="607" data-file-height="415" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/San_Miguel_Island" title="San Miguel Island">San Miguel</a>, in the <a href="/wiki/Channel_Islands_(California)" title="Channel Islands (California)">Channel Islands</a></figcaption></figure> The <a href="/wiki/Tulare_Lake" title="Tulare Lake">Tulare Lake</a> was the largest freshwater lake west of the Mississippi River. A remnant of <a href="/wiki/Pleistocene" title="Pleistocene">Pleistocene</a>-era <a href="/wiki/Lake_Corcoran" title="Lake Corcoran">Lake Corcoran</a>, Tulare Lake dried up by the early 20th century after its tributary rivers were diverted for agricultural irrigation and municipal water uses.<a href="#cite_note-129">[127]</a> About 45 percent of the state's total surface area is covered by forests,<a href="#cite_note-Forestry_2003-130">[128]</a> and California's diversity of pine species is unmatched by any other state. California contains more forestland than any other state except Alaska. Many of the trees in the <a href="/wiki/White_Mountains_(California)" title="White Mountains (California)">California White Mountains</a> are the oldest in the world; an individual <a href="/wiki/Bristlecone_pine" title="Bristlecone pine">bristlecone pine</a> is over 5,000 years old.<a href="#cite_note-Lanner-131">[129]</a><a href="#cite_note-oldest-132">[130]</a> In the south is a large inland salt lake, the <a href="/wiki/Salton_Sea" title="Salton Sea">Salton Sea</a>. The south-central desert is called the <a href="/wiki/Mojave_Desert" title="Mojave Desert">Mojave</a>; to the northeast of the Mojave lies <a href="/wiki/Death_Valley" title="Death Valley">Death Valley</a>, which contains the lowest and hottest place in North America, the <a href="/wiki/Badwater_Basin" title="Badwater Basin">Badwater Basin</a> at −279 feet (−85 m).<a href="#cite_note-NED-7">[5]</a> The horizontal distance from the bottom of Death Valley to the top of Mount Whitney is less than 90 miles (140 km). Indeed, almost all of southeastern California is arid, hot desert, with routine extreme high temperatures during the summer. The southeastern border of California with Arizona is entirely formed by the <a href="/wiki/Colorado_River" title="Colorado River">Colorado River</a>, from which the southern part of the state gets about half of its water. A majority of California's cities are located in either the <a href="/wiki/San_Francisco_Bay_Area" title="San Francisco Bay Area">San Francisco Bay Area</a> or the <a href="/wiki/Sacramento_metropolitan_area" title="Sacramento metropolitan area">Sacramento metropolitan area</a> in <a href="/wiki/Northern_California" title="Northern California">Northern California</a>; or the <a href="/wiki/Los_Angeles_metropolitan_area" class="mw-redirect" title="Los Angeles metropolitan area">Los Angeles area</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Inland_Empire" title="Inland Empire">Inland Empire</a>, or the <a href="/wiki/San_Diego_metropolitan_area" class="mw-redirect" title="San Diego metropolitan area">San Diego metropolitan area</a> in <a href="/wiki/Southern_California" title="Southern California">Southern California</a>. The Los Angeles Area, the Bay Area, and the San Diego metropolitan area are among several major metropolitan areas along the California coast. As part of the <a href="/wiki/Pacific_Ring_of_Fire" class="mw-redirect" title="Pacific Ring of Fire">Ring of Fire</a>, California is subject to <a href="/wiki/Tsunami" title="Tsunami">tsunamis</a>, <a href="/wiki/Floods_in_California" class="mw-redirect" title="Floods in California">floods</a>, <a href="/wiki/Droughts_in_California" title="Droughts in California">droughts</a>, <a href="/wiki/Santa_Ana_winds" title="Santa Ana winds">Santa Ana winds</a>, <a href="/wiki/List_of_California_wildfires" title="List of California wildfires">wildfires</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Landslide" title="Landslide">landslides</a> on steep terrain; California also has several <a href="/wiki/Volcano" title="Volcano">volcanoes</a>. It has many <a href="/wiki/List_of_earthquakes_in_California" title="List of earthquakes in California">earthquakes</a> due to several faults running through the state, the largest being the <a href="/wiki/San_Andreas_Fault" title="San Andreas Fault">San Andreas Fault</a>. About 37,000 <a href="/wiki/Earthquake" title="Earthquake">earthquakes</a> are recorded each year; most are too small to be felt.<a href="#cite_note-133">[131]</a> Among Americans at risk of serious harm from a major earthquake, two-thirds of that population are residents of California.<a href="#cite_note-CaliforniaEarthquakesHumanRisk-15">[13]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Climate">Climate</h3></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Climate_of_California" title="Climate of California">Climate of California</a></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Further information: <a href="/wiki/Climate_change_in_California" title="Climate change in California">Climate change in California</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:K%C3%B6ppen_Climate_Types_California.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6c/K%C3%B6ppen_Climate_Types_California.png/260px-K%C3%B6ppen_Climate_Types_California.png" decoding="async" width="260" height="219" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6c/K%C3%B6ppen_Climate_Types_California.png/390px-K%C3%B6ppen_Climate_Types_California.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6c/K%C3%B6ppen_Climate_Types_California.png/520px-K%C3%B6ppen_Climate_Types_California.png 2x" data-file-width="1880" data-file-height="1586" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/K%C3%B6ppen_climate_classification" title="Köppen climate classification">Köppen climate</a> types in California</figcaption></figure> Most of the state has a <a href="/wiki/Mediterranean_climate" title="Mediterranean climate">Mediterranean climate</a>. The cool <a href="/wiki/California_Current" title="California Current">California Current</a> offshore often creates summer <a href="/wiki/Fog" title="Fog">fog</a> near the coast. Farther inland, there are colder winters and hotter summers. The maritime moderation results in the shoreline summertime temperatures of Los Angeles and <a href="/wiki/San_Francisco" title="San Francisco">San Francisco</a> being the coolest of all major metropolitan areas of the United States and uniquely cool compared to areas on the same latitude in the interior and on the east coast of the North American continent. Even the <a href="/wiki/San_Diego" title="San Diego">San Diego</a> shoreline bordering Mexico is cooler in summer than most areas in the contiguous United States. Just a few miles inland, summer temperature extremes are significantly higher, with downtown Los Angeles being several degrees <a href="/wiki/Climate_of_the_Los_Angeles_Basin" class="mw-redirect" title="Climate of the Los Angeles Basin">warmer</a> than at the coast. The same <a href="/wiki/Microclimate" title="Microclimate">microclimate</a> phenomenon is seen in the <a href="/wiki/San_Francisco_Bay_Area#Climate" title="San Francisco Bay Area">climate of the Bay Area</a>, where areas sheltered from the ocean experience significantly hotter summers and colder winters in contrast with nearby areas closer to the ocean.<a href="#cite_note-134">[132]</a><a href="#cite_note-135">[133]</a><a href="#cite_note-136">[134]</a> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:AERONET_La_Jolla.2007295.terra.250m.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/53/AERONET_La_Jolla.2007295.terra.250m.jpg/220px-AERONET_La_Jolla.2007295.terra.250m.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/53/AERONET_La_Jolla.2007295.terra.250m.jpg/330px-AERONET_La_Jolla.2007295.terra.250m.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/53/AERONET_La_Jolla.2007295.terra.250m.jpg/440px-AERONET_La_Jolla.2007295.terra.250m.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3840" data-file-height="2880" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/List_of_California_wildfires" title="List of California wildfires">California wildfires</a> affect the state yearly. In the south, the <a href="/wiki/Santa_Ana_winds" title="Santa Ana winds">Santa Ana winds</a> often expand fires and spread smoke over hundreds of miles.</figcaption></figure> Northern parts of the state have more rain than the south. California's mountain ranges also influence the climate: some of the rainiest parts of the state are west-facing mountain slopes. Coastal northwestern California has a <a href="/wiki/Temperate_climate" title="Temperate climate">temperate climate</a>, and the Central Valley has a Mediterranean climate but with greater temperature extremes than the coast. The high mountains, including the Sierra Nevada, have an <a href="/wiki/Alpine_climate" title="Alpine climate">alpine climate</a> with snow in winter and mild to moderate heat in summer. California's mountains produce <a href="/wiki/Rain_shadow" title="Rain shadow">rain shadows</a> on the eastern side, creating extensive <a href="/wiki/Desert" title="Desert">deserts</a>. The higher elevation deserts of <a href="/wiki/Eastern_California" title="Eastern California">eastern California</a> have hot summers and cold winters, while the low deserts east of the Southern California mountains have hot summers and nearly frostless mild winters. <a href="/wiki/Death_Valley" title="Death Valley">Death Valley</a>, a desert with large expanses below sea level, is considered the hottest location in the world; the highest temperature in the world,<a href="#cite_note-newRecord-137">[135]</a><a href="#cite_note-138">[136]</a> 134 °F (56.7 °C), was recorded there on July 10, 1913. The lowest temperature in California was −45 °F (−43 °C) on January 20, 1937, in <a href="/wiki/Boca,_California" title="Boca, California">Boca</a>.<a href="#cite_note-139">[137]</a> The table below lists average temperatures for January and August in a selection of places throughout the state; some highly populated and some not. This includes the relatively cool summers of the <a href="/wiki/Humboldt_Bay" title="Humboldt Bay">Humboldt Bay</a> region around <a href="/wiki/Eureka,_California" title="Eureka, California">Eureka</a>, the extreme heat of <a href="/wiki/Death_Valley" title="Death Valley">Death Valley</a>, and the mountain climate of <a href="/wiki/Mammoth_Lakes,_California" title="Mammoth Lakes, California">Mammoth</a> in the Sierra Nevada. <table class="wikitable sortable" style="margin:auto;"> <caption>Average temperatures and precipitation for selected communities in California<a href="#cite_note-California_climate_averages-140">[138]</a> </caption> <tbody><tr> <th>Location </th> <th>August (°F) </th> <th>August (°C) </th> <th>January (°F) </th> <th>January (°C) </th> <th>Annual precipitation (mm/in) </th></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Los_Angeles" title="Los Angeles">Los Angeles</a></td> <td>83/64</td> <td>29/18</td> <td>66/48</td> <td>20/8</td> <td>377/15 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Los_Angeles_International_Airport" title="Los Angeles International Airport">LAX/LA Beaches</a></td> <td>75/64</td> <td>23/18</td> <td>65/49</td> <td>18/9</td> <td>326/13 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/San_Diego,_California" class="mw-redirect" title="San Diego, California">San Diego</a></td> <td>76/67</td> <td>24/19</td> <td>65/49</td> <td>18/9</td> <td>262/10 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/San_Jose,_California" title="San Jose, California">San Jose</a></td> <td>82/58</td> <td>27/14</td> <td>58/42</td> <td>14/5</td> <td>401/16 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/San_Francisco,_California" class="mw-redirect" title="San Francisco, California">San Francisco</a></td> <td>67/54</td> <td>20/12</td> <td>56/46</td> <td>14/8</td> <td>538/21 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Fresno,_California" title="Fresno, California">Fresno</a></td> <td>97/66</td> <td>34/19</td> <td>55/38</td> <td>12/3</td> <td>292/11 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Sacramento,_California" title="Sacramento, California">Sacramento</a></td> <td>91/58</td> <td>33/14</td> <td>54/39</td> <td>12/3</td> <td>469/18 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Oakland,_California" title="Oakland, California">Oakland</a></td> <td>73/58</td> <td>23/14</td> <td>58/44</td> <td>14/7</td> <td>588/23 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Bakersfield,_California" title="Bakersfield, California">Bakersfield</a></td> <td>96/69</td> <td>36/21</td> <td>56/39</td> <td>13/3</td> <td>165/7 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Riverside,_California" title="Riverside, California">Riverside</a></td> <td>94/60</td> <td>35/18</td> <td>67/39</td> <td>19/4</td> <td>260/10 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Eureka,_California" title="Eureka, California">Eureka</a></td> <td>62/53</td> <td>16/11</td> <td>54/41</td> <td>12/5</td> <td>960/38 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Death_Valley" title="Death Valley">Death Valley</a></td> <td>115/86</td> <td>46/30</td> <td>67/40</td> <td>19/4</td> <td>60/2 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Mammoth_Lakes,_California" title="Mammoth Lakes, California">Mammoth Lakes</a></td> <td>77/45</td> <td>25/7</td> <td>40/15</td> <td>4/ −9</td> <td>583/23 </td></tr></tbody></table> The wide range of climates leads to a high demand for water. Over time, <a href="/wiki/Droughts_in_California" title="Droughts in California">droughts</a> have been increasing <a href="/wiki/Climate_change_in_California" title="Climate change in California">due to climate change</a> and <a href="/wiki/Water_extraction" title="Water extraction">overextraction</a>,<a href="#cite_note-141">[139]</a> becoming less seasonal and more year-round, further straining California's <a href="/wiki/Electricity_supply" class="mw-redirect" title="Electricity supply">electricity supply</a><a href="#cite_note-142">[140]</a> and <a href="/wiki/Water_security" title="Water security">water security</a><a href="#cite_note-143">[141]</a><a href="#cite_note-144">[142]</a> and having an impact on California business, industry, and agriculture.<a href="#cite_note-145">[143]</a> In 2022, a new state program was created in collaboration with <a href="/wiki/Indigenous_peoples_of_California" title="Indigenous peoples of California">indigenous peoples of California</a> to revive the practice of <a href="/wiki/Controlled_burn" title="Controlled burn">controlled burns</a> as a way of clearing excessive forest debris and making landscapes more resilient to wildfires. <a href="/wiki/Native_American_use_of_fire_in_ecosystems" title="Native American use of fire in ecosystems">Native American use of fire in ecosystem</a> management was outlawed in 1911, yet has now been recognized.<a href="#cite_note-Elassar-2022-16">[14]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Ecology">Ecology</h3></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main articles: <a href="/wiki/Ecology_of_California" title="Ecology of California">Ecology of California</a> and <a href="/wiki/Environment_of_California" title="Environment of California">Environment of California</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Mount_Whitney_2003-03-25.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f9/Mount_Whitney_2003-03-25.jpg/220px-Mount_Whitney_2003-03-25.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f9/Mount_Whitney_2003-03-25.jpg/330px-Mount_Whitney_2003-03-25.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f9/Mount_Whitney_2003-03-25.jpg/440px-Mount_Whitney_2003-03-25.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1536" data-file-height="1024" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Mount_Whitney" title="Mount Whitney">Mount Whitney</a>, in the Sierra Nevada, is the highest mountain in the <a href="/wiki/Contiguous_United_States" title="Contiguous United States">contiguous United States</a>.</figcaption></figure> California is one of the ecologically richest and most diverse parts of the world, and includes some of the most endangered ecological communities. California is part of the <a href="/wiki/Nearctic_realm" title="Nearctic realm">Nearctic realm</a> and spans a number of terrestrial <a href="/wiki/Ecoregion" title="Ecoregion">ecoregions</a>.<a href="#cite_note-Checklist_of_the_Scarabaeoidea_of_the_Nearctic_Realm-146">[144]</a> California's large number of <a href="/wiki/Endemic_(ecology)" class="mw-redirect" title="Endemic (ecology)">endemic</a> species includes <a href="/wiki/Relict_(biology)" title="Relict (biology)">relict</a> species, which have died out elsewhere, such as the Catalina ironwood (<a href="/wiki/Lyonothamnus_floribundus" class="mw-redirect" title="Lyonothamnus floribundus">Lyonothamnus floribundus</a>). Many other endemics originated through differentiation or <a href="/wiki/Adaptive_radiation" title="Adaptive radiation">adaptive radiation</a>, whereby multiple species develop from a common ancestor to take advantage of diverse ecological conditions such as the California lilac (<a href="/wiki/Ceanothus" title="Ceanothus">Ceanothus</a>).[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed">citation needed</a>] Many California endemics have become endangered, as urbanization, logging, <a href="/wiki/Overgrazing" title="Overgrazing">overgrazing</a>, and the introduction of <a href="/wiki/Exotic_species" class="mw-redirect" title="Exotic species">exotic species</a> have encroached on their habitat. <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Flora_and_fauna">Flora and fauna</h3></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main articles: <a href="/wiki/Fauna_of_California" title="Fauna of California">Fauna of California</a> and <a href="/wiki/California_Floristic_Province" title="California Floristic Province">California Floristic Province</a></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/List_of_California_native_plants" title="List of California native plants">List of California native plants</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Grizzly_Giant_Mariposa_Grove.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1c/Grizzly_Giant_Mariposa_Grove.jpg/170px-Grizzly_Giant_Mariposa_Grove.jpg" decoding="async" width="170" height="314" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1c/Grizzly_Giant_Mariposa_Grove.jpg/255px-Grizzly_Giant_Mariposa_Grove.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1c/Grizzly_Giant_Mariposa_Grove.jpg/340px-Grizzly_Giant_Mariposa_Grove.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1568" data-file-height="2896" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Sequoiadendron_giganteum" title="Sequoiadendron giganteum">Giant Sequoias</a>, native to California, are the <a href="/wiki/List_of_tallest_trees" title="List of tallest trees">largest trees in the world</a>. Shown is the <a href="/wiki/Grizzly_Giant" title="Grizzly Giant">Grizzly Giant</a> in Yosemite.</figcaption></figure> California boasts several superlatives in its collection of flora: the <a href="/wiki/Giant_sequoia" class="mw-redirect" title="Giant sequoia">largest trees</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Coast_redwood" class="mw-redirect" title="Coast redwood">tallest trees</a>, and the <a href="/wiki/Pinus_longaeva" title="Pinus longaeva">oldest trees</a>. California's native grasses are <a href="/wiki/Perennial_plant" class="mw-redirect" title="Perennial plant">perennial plants</a>,<a href="#cite_note-Restoring_Native_Grasses-147">[145]</a> and there are close to hundred succulent species native to the state.[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed">citation needed</a>] After European contact, these were generally replaced by <a href="/wiki/Invasive_species" title="Invasive species">invasive species</a> of European annual grasses; and, in modern times, California's hills turn a characteristic golden-brown in summer.<a href="#cite_note-The_California_Invasive_Species_List-148">[146]</a> Because California has the greatest diversity of climate and terrain, the state has six life zones which are the lower <a href="/wiki/Sonoran_Desert" title="Sonoran Desert">Sonoran Desert</a>; upper Sonoran (foothill regions and some coastal lands), transition (coastal areas and moist northeastern counties); and the Canadian, Hudsonian, and Arctic Zones, comprising the state's highest elevations.<a href="#cite_note-California:_flora_and_fauna-149">[147]</a> Plant life in the dry climate of the lower Sonoran zone contains a diversity of native cactus, mesquite, and paloverde. The <a href="/wiki/Yucca_brevifolia" title="Yucca brevifolia">Joshua tree</a> is found in the Mojave Desert. Flowering plants include the dwarf desert poppy and a variety of <a href="/wiki/Aster_(genus)" title="Aster (genus)">asters</a>. <a href="/wiki/Fremont_cottonwood" class="mw-redirect" title="Fremont cottonwood">Fremont cottonwood</a> and <a href="/wiki/Valley_oak" class="mw-redirect" title="Valley oak">valley oak</a> thrive in the Central Valley. The upper Sonoran zone includes the chaparral belt, characterized by forests of small shrubs, stunted trees, and herbaceous plants. <a href="/wiki/Nemophila" title="Nemophila">Nemophila</a>, <a href="/wiki/Lamiaceae" title="Lamiaceae">mint</a>, <a href="/wiki/Phacelia" title="Phacelia">Phacelia</a>, <a href="/wiki/Viola_(plant)" title="Viola (plant)">Viola</a>, and the California poppy (<a href="/wiki/Eschscholzia_californica" title="Eschscholzia californica">Eschscholzia californica</a>, the state flower) also flourish in this zone, along with the lupine, more species of which occur here than anywhere else in the world.<a href="#cite_note-California:_flora_and_fauna-149">[147]</a> The transition zone includes most of California's forests with the redwood (<a href="/wiki/Sequoia_sempervirens" title="Sequoia sempervirens">Sequoia sempervirens</a>) and the "big tree" or giant sequoia (<a href="/wiki/Sequoiadendron_giganteum" title="Sequoiadendron giganteum">Sequoiadendron giganteum</a>), among the oldest living things on earth (some are said to have lived at least 4,000 years). <a href="/wiki/Tanbark_oak" class="mw-redirect" title="Tanbark oak">Tanbark oak</a>, <a href="/wiki/California_laurel" class="mw-redirect" title="California laurel">California laurel</a>, <a href="/wiki/Sugar_pine" class="mw-redirect" title="Sugar pine">sugar pine</a>, <a href="/wiki/Arbutus" title="Arbutus">madrona</a>, <a href="/wiki/Acer_macrophyllum" title="Acer macrophyllum">broad-leaved maple</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Douglas-fir" class="mw-redirect" title="Douglas-fir">Douglas-fir</a> also grow here. Forest floors are covered with <a href="/wiki/Polystichum" title="Polystichum">swordfern</a>, alumnroot, <a href="/wiki/Barrenwort" class="mw-redirect" title="Barrenwort">barrenwort</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Trillium" title="Trillium">trillium</a>, and there are thickets of <a href="/wiki/Huckleberry" title="Huckleberry">huckleberry</a>, <a href="/wiki/Azalea" title="Azalea">azalea</a>, elder, and wild currant. Characteristic wild flowers include varieties of mariposa, <a href="/wiki/Tulip" title="Tulip">tulip</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Lilium_columbianum" title="Lilium columbianum">tiger</a> and <a href="/wiki/Lilium_pardalinum" title="Lilium pardalinum">leopard</a> lilies.<a href="#cite_note-Sequoia_sempervirens_(D._Don)_Endl.-150">[148]</a> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:California_sea_lion_in_La_Jolla_(70568).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/74/California_sea_lion_in_La_Jolla_%2870568%29.jpg/220px-California_sea_lion_in_La_Jolla_%2870568%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="170" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/74/California_sea_lion_in_La_Jolla_%2870568%29.jpg/330px-California_sea_lion_in_La_Jolla_%2870568%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/74/California_sea_lion_in_La_Jolla_%2870568%29.jpg/440px-California_sea_lion_in_La_Jolla_%2870568%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4056" data-file-height="3141" /></a><figcaption>A <a href="/wiki/California_sea_lion" title="California sea lion">California sea lion</a> in <a href="/wiki/La_Jolla" title="La Jolla">La Jolla</a></figcaption></figure> The high elevations of the Canadian zone allow the <a href="/wiki/Jeffrey_pine" class="mw-redirect" title="Jeffrey pine">Jeffrey pine</a>, <a href="/wiki/Red_fir" class="mw-redirect" title="Red fir">red fir</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Lodgepole_pine" class="mw-redirect" title="Lodgepole pine">lodgepole pine</a> to thrive. Brushy areas are abundant with dwarf <a href="/wiki/Manzanita" title="Manzanita">manzanita</a> and ceanothus; the unique <a href="/wiki/Calvatia_sculpta" title="Calvatia sculpta">Sierra puffball</a> is also found here. Right below the timberline, in the Hudsonian zone, the whitebark, foxtail, and silver pines grow. At about 10,500 feet (3,200 m), begins the Arctic zone, a treeless region whose flora include a number of wildflowers, including <a href="/wiki/Primula_suffrutescens" title="Primula suffrutescens">Sierra primrose</a>, <a href="/wiki/Aquilegia_flavescens" title="Aquilegia flavescens">yellow columbine</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ranunculus" title="Ranunculus">alpine buttercup</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Dodecatheon_alpinum" class="mw-redirect" title="Dodecatheon alpinum">alpine shooting star</a>.<a href="#cite_note-California:_flora_and_fauna-149">[147]</a><a href="#cite_note-Life_Zones_of_the_Central_Sierra_Nevada-151">[149]</a> <a href="/wiki/Palm_trees" class="mw-redirect" title="Palm trees">Palm trees</a> are a well-known feature of California, particularly in <a href="/wiki/Southern_California" title="Southern California">Southern California</a> and <a href="/wiki/Los_Angeles" title="Los Angeles">Los Angeles</a>; many species have been imported, though the Washington filifera (commonly known as the California fan palm) is native to the state, mainly growing in the <a href="/wiki/Colorado_Desert" title="Colorado Desert">Colorado Desert</a> oases.<a href="#cite_note-152">[150]</a> Other common plants that have been introduced to the state include the <a href="/wiki/Eucalyptus" title="Eucalyptus">eucalyptus</a>, <a href="/wiki/Acacia" title="Acacia">acacia</a>, <a href="/wiki/Schinus" title="Schinus">pepper tree</a>, geranium, and <a href="/wiki/Scotch_broom" class="mw-redirect" title="Scotch broom">Scotch broom</a>. The species that are federally classified as endangered are the <a href="/wiki/Erysimum_capitatum" title="Erysimum capitatum">Contra Costa wallflower</a>, <a href="/wiki/Oenothera_deltoides_subsp._howellii" title="Oenothera deltoides subsp. howellii">Antioch Dunes evening primrose</a>, <a href="/wiki/Tuctoria_mucronata" title="Tuctoria mucronata">Solano grass</a>, <a href="/wiki/Delphinium_variegatum" title="Delphinium variegatum">San Clemente Island larkspur</a>, <a href="/wiki/Cordylanthus_maritimus" class="mw-redirect" title="Cordylanthus maritimus">salt marsh bird's beak</a>, <a href="/wiki/Arabis_blepharophylla" title="Arabis blepharophylla">McDonald's rock-cress</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Dudleya_traskiae" title="Dudleya traskiae">Santa Barbara Island liveforever</a>. As of December 1997<a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=California&action=edit">[update]</a>, 85 plant species were listed as threatened or endangered.<a href="#cite_note-California:_flora_and_fauna-149">[147]</a> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Tule_Elk_-_Merced_National_Wildlife_Refuge_Bill_Leikam_12-03-2010.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e8/Tule_Elk_-_Merced_National_Wildlife_Refuge_Bill_Leikam_12-03-2010.jpg/220px-Tule_Elk_-_Merced_National_Wildlife_Refuge_Bill_Leikam_12-03-2010.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="194" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e8/Tule_Elk_-_Merced_National_Wildlife_Refuge_Bill_Leikam_12-03-2010.jpg/330px-Tule_Elk_-_Merced_National_Wildlife_Refuge_Bill_Leikam_12-03-2010.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e8/Tule_Elk_-_Merced_National_Wildlife_Refuge_Bill_Leikam_12-03-2010.jpg/440px-Tule_Elk_-_Merced_National_Wildlife_Refuge_Bill_Leikam_12-03-2010.jpg 2x" data-file-width="865" data-file-height="762" /></a><figcaption>A <a href="/wiki/Tule_Elk" class="mw-redirect" title="Tule Elk">Tule Elk</a> in the <a href="/wiki/San_Joaquin_Valley" title="San Joaquin Valley">San Joaquin Valley</a></figcaption></figure> In the deserts of the lower Sonoran zone, the mammals include the <a href="/wiki/Jackrabbit" class="mw-redirect" title="Jackrabbit">jackrabbit</a>, <a href="/wiki/Kangaroo_rat" title="Kangaroo rat">kangaroo rat</a>, squirrel, and opossum. Common birds include the <a href="/wiki/Owl" title="Owl">owl</a>, <a href="/wiki/Roadrunner" title="Roadrunner">roadrunner</a>, <a href="/wiki/Cactus_wren" title="Cactus wren">cactus wren</a>, and various species of hawk. The area's reptilian life include the <a href="/wiki/Crotalus_cerastes" title="Crotalus cerastes">sidewinder viper</a>, <a href="/wiki/Desert_tortoise" title="Desert tortoise">desert tortoise</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Horned_toad" class="mw-redirect" title="Horned toad">horned toad</a>. The upper Sonoran zone boasts mammals such as the <a href="/wiki/Pronghorn" title="Pronghorn">antelope</a>, <a href="/wiki/Dusky-footed_woodrat" title="Dusky-footed woodrat">brown-footed woodrat</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Ring-tailed_cat" class="mw-redirect" title="Ring-tailed cat">ring-tailed cat</a>. Birds unique to this zone are the <a href="/wiki/California_thrasher" title="California thrasher">California thrasher</a>, <a href="/wiki/Psaltriparus_minimus" class="mw-redirect" title="Psaltriparus minimus">bushtit</a>, and <a href="/wiki/California_condor" title="California condor">California condor</a>.<a href="#cite_note-California:_flora_and_fauna-149">[147]</a><a href="#cite_note-California_Condor-153">[151]</a><a href="#cite_note-CalPhotos:_Browse_Mammal_Common_Names-154">[152]</a><a href="#cite_note-Quail_Ridge_Reserve:_UC_Davis_Natural_Reserve_System-155">[153]</a> In the transition zone, there are Colombian <a href="/wiki/Black-tailed_deer" title="Black-tailed deer">black-tailed deer</a>, <a href="/wiki/American_black_bear" title="American black bear">black bears</a>, <a href="/wiki/Gray_fox" title="Gray fox">gray foxes</a>, <a href="/wiki/Cougar" title="Cougar">cougars</a>, <a href="/wiki/Bobcat" title="Bobcat">bobcats</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Roosevelt_elk" title="Roosevelt elk">Roosevelt elk</a>. Reptiles such as the garter snakes and rattlesnakes inhabit the zone. In addition, amphibians such as the <a href="/wiki/Proteidae" title="Proteidae">water puppy</a> and <a href="/wiki/Batrachoseps_attenuatus" class="mw-redirect" title="Batrachoseps attenuatus">redwood salamander</a> are common too. Birds such as the <a href="/wiki/Kingfisher" title="Kingfisher">kingfisher</a>, chickadee, <a href="/wiki/Towhee" title="Towhee">towhee</a>, and hummingbird thrive here as well.<a href="#cite_note-California:_flora_and_fauna-149">[147]</a><a href="#cite_note-Black-tailed_Deer_of_California-156">[154]</a> The Canadian zone mammals include the <a href="/wiki/Mountain_weasel" title="Mountain weasel">mountain weasel</a>, <a href="/wiki/Snowshoe_hare" title="Snowshoe hare">snowshoe hare</a>, and several species of chipmunks. Conspicuous birds include the <a href="/wiki/Steller%27s_jay" title="Steller's jay">blue-fronted jay</a>, <a href="/wiki/Mountain_chickadee" title="Mountain chickadee">mountain chickadee</a>, <a href="/wiki/Hermit_thrush" title="Hermit thrush">hermit thrush</a>, <a href="/wiki/American_dipper" title="American dipper">American dipper</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Townsend%27s_solitaire" title="Townsend's solitaire">Townsend's solitaire</a>. As one ascends into the Hudsonian zone, birds become scarcer. While the <a href="/wiki/Gray-crowned_rosy_finch" title="Gray-crowned rosy finch">gray-crowned rosy finch</a> is the only bird native to the high Arctic region, other bird species such as <a href="/wiki/Anna%27s_hummingbird" title="Anna's hummingbird">Anna's hummingbird</a> and <a href="/wiki/Clark%27s_nutcracker" title="Clark's nutcracker">Clark's nutcracker</a>. Principal mammals found in this region include the Sierra coney, <a href="/wiki/White-tailed_jackrabbit" title="White-tailed jackrabbit">white-tailed jackrabbit</a>, and the <a href="/wiki/Bighorn_sheep" title="Bighorn sheep">bighorn sheep</a>. As of April 2003<a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=California&action=edit">[update]</a>, the bighorn sheep was listed as endangered by the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service. The fauna found throughout several zones are the <a href="/wiki/Mule_deer" title="Mule deer">mule deer</a>, <a href="/wiki/Coyote" title="Coyote">coyote</a>, <a href="/wiki/Mountain_lion" class="mw-redirect" title="Mountain lion">mountain lion</a>, <a href="/wiki/Northern_flicker" title="Northern flicker">northern flicker</a>, and several species of hawk and sparrow.<a href="#cite_note-California:_flora_and_fauna-149">[147]</a> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Methuselah_Walk_USA_Ca.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/Methuselah_Walk_USA_Ca.jpg/220px-Methuselah_Walk_USA_Ca.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/Methuselah_Walk_USA_Ca.jpg/330px-Methuselah_Walk_USA_Ca.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/Methuselah_Walk_USA_Ca.jpg/440px-Methuselah_Walk_USA_Ca.jpg 2x" data-file-width="800" data-file-height="600" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Methuselah_(pine_tree)" title="Methuselah (pine tree)">Methuselah</a> is the <a href="/wiki/List_of_oldest_trees" title="List of oldest trees">oldest tree in the world</a>, found in the <a href="/wiki/Ancient_Bristlecone_Pine_Forest" title="Ancient Bristlecone Pine Forest">Ancient Bristlecone Pine Forest</a> of <a href="/wiki/Inyo_National_Forest" title="Inyo National Forest">Inyo National Forest</a>.</figcaption></figure> Aquatic life in California thrives, from the state's mountain lakes and streams to the rocky Pacific coastline. Numerous trout species are found, among them <a href="/wiki/Rainbow_trout" title="Rainbow trout">rainbow</a>, <a href="/wiki/Golden_trout" title="Golden trout">golden</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Cutthroat_trout" title="Cutthroat trout">cutthroat</a>. Migratory species of salmon are common as well. Deep-sea life forms include <a href="/wiki/White_seabass" title="White seabass">sea bass</a>, <a href="/wiki/Yellowfin_tuna" title="Yellowfin tuna">yellowfin tuna</a>, <a href="/wiki/Barracuda" title="Barracuda">barracuda</a>, and several types of whale. Native to the cliffs of northern California are seals, sea lions, and many types of shorebirds, including migratory species.<a href="#cite_note-California:_flora_and_fauna-149">[147]</a> As of April 2003<a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=California&action=edit">[update]</a>, 118 California animals were on the federal endangered list; 181 plants were listed as endangered or threatened. Endangered animals include the <a href="/wiki/Vulpes_macrotis" class="mw-redirect" title="Vulpes macrotis">San Joaquin kitfox</a>, <a href="/wiki/Aplodontia_rufa_nigra" class="mw-redirect" title="Aplodontia rufa nigra">Point Arena mountain beaver</a>, <a href="/wiki/Pacific_pocket_mouse" title="Pacific pocket mouse">Pacific pocket mouse</a>, <a href="/wiki/Salt_marsh_harvest_mouse" title="Salt marsh harvest mouse">salt marsh harvest mouse</a>, <a href="/wiki/Morro_Bay_kangaroo_rat" title="Morro Bay kangaroo rat">Morro Bay kangaroo rat</a> (and five other species of kangaroo rat), <a href="/wiki/California_vole#Subspecies" title="California vole">Amargosa vole</a>, <a href="/wiki/California_least_tern" title="California least tern">California least tern</a>, <a href="/wiki/California_condor" title="California condor">California condor</a>, <a href="/wiki/Loggerhead_shrike" title="Loggerhead shrike">loggerhead shrike</a>, <a href="/wiki/Bell%27s_sparrow" title="Bell's sparrow">San Clemente sage sparrow</a>, <a href="/wiki/San_Francisco_garter_snake" title="San Francisco garter snake">San Francisco garter snake</a>, five species of salamander, three species of chub, and two species of pupfish. Eleven butterflies are also endangered<a href="#cite_note-157">[155]</a> and two that are threatened are on the federal list.<a href="#cite_note-158">[156]</a><a href="#cite_note-159">[157]</a> Among threatened animals are the coastal <a href="/wiki/California_gnatcatcher" title="California gnatcatcher">California gnatcatcher</a>, <a href="/wiki/Paiute_cutthroat_trout" title="Paiute cutthroat trout">Paiute cutthroat trout</a>, <a href="/wiki/Sea_otter#Subspecies" title="Sea otter">southern sea otter</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Northern_spotted_owl" title="Northern spotted owl">northern spotted owl</a>. California has a total of 290,821 acres (1,176.91 km2) of National Wildlife Refuges.<a href="#cite_note-California:_flora_and_fauna-149">[147]</a> As of September 2010<a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=California&action=edit">[update]</a>, 123 California animals were listed as either endangered or threatened on the <a href="/wiki/US_Fish_%26_Wildlife_Service" class="mw-redirect" title="US Fish & Wildlife Service">federal list</a>.<a href="#cite_note-U.S._Fish_&_Wildlife_Service:_Species_Reports:_Listings_and_occurrences_for_California-160">[158]</a> Also, as of the same year<a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=California&action=edit">[update]</a>, 178 species of California plants were listed either as endangered or threatened on this federal list.<a href="#cite_note-U.S._Fish_&_Wildlife_Service:_Species_Reports:_Listings_and_occurrences_for_California-160">[158]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Rivers">Rivers</h3></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/List_of_rivers_of_California" title="List of rivers of California">List of rivers of California</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:View_of_the_Bay_Area_and_the_Californian_Delta.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/22/View_of_the_Bay_Area_and_the_Californian_Delta.jpg/220px-View_of_the_Bay_Area_and_the_Californian_Delta.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="176" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/22/View_of_the_Bay_Area_and_the_Californian_Delta.jpg/330px-View_of_the_Bay_Area_and_the_Californian_Delta.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/22/View_of_the_Bay_Area_and_the_Californian_Delta.jpg/440px-View_of_the_Bay_Area_and_the_Californian_Delta.jpg 2x" data-file-width="6034" data-file-height="4838" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/San_Francisco_Bay" title="San Francisco Bay">San Francisco Bay</a> (center left) and the <a href="/wiki/Sacramento%E2%80%93San_Joaquin_River_Delta" title="Sacramento–San Joaquin River Delta">California Delta</a> (top right)</figcaption></figure> The most prominent river system within California is formed by the Sacramento River and <a href="/wiki/San_Joaquin_River" title="San Joaquin River">San Joaquin River</a>, which are fed mostly by snowmelt from the west slope of the Sierra Nevada, and respectively drain the north and south halves of the Central Valley. The two rivers join in the <a href="/wiki/Sacramento%E2%80%93San_Joaquin_River_Delta" title="Sacramento–San Joaquin River Delta">Sacramento–San Joaquin River Delta</a>, flowing into the Pacific Ocean through <a href="/wiki/San_Francisco_Bay" title="San Francisco Bay">San Francisco Bay</a>. Many major tributaries feed into the Sacramento–San Joaquin system, including the <a href="/wiki/Pit_River" title="Pit River">Pit River</a>, <a href="/wiki/Feather_River" title="Feather River">Feather River</a> and <a href="/wiki/Tuolumne_River" title="Tuolumne River">Tuolumne River</a>. The <a href="/wiki/Klamath_River" title="Klamath River">Klamath</a> and <a href="/wiki/Trinity_River_(California)" title="Trinity River (California)">Trinity Rivers</a> drain a large area in far northwestern California. The <a href="/wiki/Eel_River_(California)" title="Eel River (California)">Eel River</a> and <a href="/wiki/Salinas_River_(California)" title="Salinas River (California)">Salinas River</a> each drain portions of the California coast, north and south of San Francisco Bay, respectively. The <a href="/wiki/Mojave_River" title="Mojave River">Mojave River</a> is the primary watercourse in the Mojave Desert, and the <a href="/wiki/Santa_Ana_River" title="Santa Ana River">Santa Ana River</a> drains much of the <a href="/wiki/Transverse_Ranges" title="Transverse Ranges">Transverse Ranges</a> as it bisects Southern California. The <a href="/wiki/Colorado_River" title="Colorado River">Colorado River</a> forms the state's southeast border with Arizona. Most of California's major rivers are dammed as part of two massive water projects: the <a href="/wiki/Central_Valley_Project" title="Central Valley Project">Central Valley Project</a>, providing water for agriculture in the Central Valley, and the <a href="/wiki/California_State_Water_Project" title="California State Water Project">California State Water Project</a> diverting water from Northern to Southern California. The state's coasts, rivers, and other bodies of water are regulated by the <a href="/wiki/California_Coastal_Commission" title="California Coastal Commission">California Coastal Commission</a>. <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Regions">Regions</h3></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/List_of_regions_of_California" title="List of regions of California">List of regions of California</a></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/List_of_places_in_California" title="List of places in California">List of places in California</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Ca-regions.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2e/Ca-regions.svg/220px-Ca-regions.svg.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="250" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2e/Ca-regions.svg/330px-Ca-regions.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2e/Ca-regions.svg/440px-Ca-regions.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="925" data-file-height="1053" /></a><figcaption>Map of the <a href="/wiki/List_of_regions_of_California" title="List of regions of California">regions of California</a></figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Southern_California_counties_in_red_noshade.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Southern_California_counties_in_red_noshade.png/220px-Southern_California_counties_in_red_noshade.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="250" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Southern_California_counties_in_red_noshade.png/330px-Southern_California_counties_in_red_noshade.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Southern_California_counties_in_red_noshade.png/440px-Southern_California_counties_in_red_noshade.png 2x" data-file-width="596" data-file-height="676" /></a><figcaption>Map showing the division between <a href="/wiki/Northern_California" title="Northern California">Northern California</a> (top white) and <a href="/wiki/Southern_California" title="Southern California">Southern California</a> (bottom red)</figcaption></figure> California is traditionally separated into <a href="/wiki/Northern_California" title="Northern California">Northern California</a> and <a href="/wiki/Southern_California" title="Southern California">Southern California</a>, divided by a straight border which runs across the state, separating the northern 48 counties from the southern 10 counties. Despite the persistence of the northern-southern divide, California is more precisely divided into many regions, multiple of which stretch across the northern-southern divide. <dl><dt>Major divisions</dt></dl> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Northern_California" title="Northern California">Northern California</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Southern_California" title="Southern California">Southern California</a></li></ul> <dl><dt>Regions</dt></dl> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1184024115">.mw-parser-output .div-col{margin-top:0.3em;column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .div-col-small{font-size:90%}.mw-parser-output .div-col-rules{column-rule:1px solid #aaa}.mw-parser-output .div-col dl,.mw-parser-output .div-col ol,.mw-parser-output .div-col ul{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .div-col li,.mw-parser-output .div-col dd{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}</style><div class="div-col" style="column-width: 20em;"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Shasta_Cascade" title="Shasta Cascade">Shasta Cascade</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Klamath_Basin" title="Klamath Basin">Klamath Basin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Modoc_Plateau" title="Modoc Plateau">Modoc Plateau</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/North_Coast_(California)" title="North Coast (California)">North Coast</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Lost_Coast" title="Lost Coast">Lost Coast</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/San_Francisco_Bay_Area" title="San Francisco Bay Area">Bay Area</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/North_Bay_(San_Francisco_Bay_Area)" title="North Bay (San Francisco Bay Area)">North Bay</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/San_Francisco_Peninsula" title="San Francisco Peninsula">San Francisco Peninsula</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Santa_Clara_Valley" title="Santa Clara Valley">South Bay (Santa Clara Valley)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/East_Bay_(San_Francisco_Bay_Area)" class="mw-redirect" title="East Bay (San Francisco Bay Area)">East Bay</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Central_Valley_(California)" title="Central Valley (California)">Central Valley</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Sacramento_Valley" title="Sacramento Valley">Sacramento Valley</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Sacramento_metropolitan_area" title="Sacramento metropolitan area">Greater Sacramento</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/San_Joaquin_Valley" title="San Joaquin Valley">San Joaquin Valley</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Metropolitan_Fresno" title="Metropolitan Fresno">Metropolitan Fresno</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sacramento%E2%80%93San_Joaquin_River_Delta" title="Sacramento–San Joaquin River Delta">California Delta</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sierra_Nevada" title="Sierra Nevada">Sierra Nevada</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Gold_Country" title="Gold Country">Gold Country</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eastern_Sierra" title="Eastern Sierra">Eastern Sierra</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Central_Coast_(California)" title="Central Coast (California)">Central Coast</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Monterey_Bay_Area" class="mw-redirect" title="Monterey Bay Area">Monterey Bay Area</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Big_Sur" title="Big Sur">Big Sur</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gaviota_Coast" title="Gaviota Coast">Gaviota Coast</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Southern_California" title="Southern California">Southern California</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Los_Angeles_metropolitan_area" class="mw-redirect" title="Los Angeles metropolitan area">Greater Los Angeles</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Antelope_Valley" title="Antelope Valley">Antelope Valley</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Los_Angeles_Basin" title="Los Angeles Basin">Los Angeles Basin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/San_Fernando_Valley" title="San Fernando Valley">San Fernando Valley</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/San_Gabriel_Valley" title="San Gabriel Valley">San Gabriel Valley</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Santa_Clarita_Valley" title="Santa Clarita Valley">Santa Clarita Valley</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Channel_Islands_(California)" title="Channel Islands (California)">Channel Islands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Orange_Coast" title="Orange Coast">Orange Coast</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Inland_Empire" title="Inland Empire">Inland Empire</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/San_Diego%E2%80%93Tijuana" title="San Diego–Tijuana">San Diego–Tijuana</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Deserts_of_California" title="Deserts of California">California Deserts</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Mojave_Desert" title="Mojave Desert">Mojave Desert</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Great_Basin_Desert" title="Great Basin Desert">Great Basin Desert</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Colorado_Desert" title="Colorado Desert">Colorado Desert</a> (<a href="/wiki/Sonoran_Desert" title="Sonoran Desert">Sonoran Desert</a>) <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Calexico%E2%80%93Mexicali" title="Calexico–Mexicali">Calexico–Mexicali</a></li></ul></li></ul></li></ul></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Cities_and_towns">Cities and towns</h3></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/List_of_cities_and_towns_in_California" class="mw-redirect" title="List of cities and towns in California">List of cities and towns in California</a> and <a href="/wiki/List_of_largest_California_cities_by_population" class="mw-redirect" title="List of largest California cities by population">List of largest California cities by population</a></div> The state has 483 <a href="/wiki/Municipal_corporation" title="Municipal corporation">incorporated</a> cities and towns,<a href="#cite_note-483rd_city-161">[159]</a> of which 461 are cities and 22 are towns. Under California law, the terms "city" and "town" are explicitly interchangeable; the name of an incorporated municipality in the state can either be "City of (Name)" or "Town of (Name)".<a href="#cite_note-Cal_Gov_Code_34502-162">[160]</a> <a href="/wiki/Sacramento,_California" title="Sacramento, California">Sacramento</a> became California's first incorporated city on February 27, 1850.<a href="#cite_note-Sacramento_Charter-163">[161]</a> <a href="/wiki/San_Jose,_California" title="San Jose, California">San Jose</a>, <a href="/wiki/San_Diego" title="San Diego">San Diego</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Benicia,_California" title="Benicia, California">Benicia</a> tied for California's second incorporated city, each receiving incorporation on March 27, 1850.<a href="#cite_note-San_Jose_Inc-164">[162]</a><a href="#cite_note-History_of_San_Diego-165">[163]</a><a href="#cite_note-Benicia_Inc-166">[164]</a> <a href="/wiki/Mountain_House,_California" title="Mountain House, California">Mountain House</a> became the state's most recent and 483rd incorporated municipality on July 1, 2024.<a href="#cite_note-483rd_city-161">[159]</a> The majority of these cities and towns are within one of five <a href="/wiki/Metropolitan_area" title="Metropolitan area">metropolitan areas</a>: the <a href="/wiki/Los_Angeles_Metropolitan_Area" class="mw-redirect" title="Los Angeles Metropolitan Area">Los Angeles Metropolitan Area</a>, the <a href="/wiki/San_Francisco_Bay_Area" title="San Francisco Bay Area">San Francisco Bay Area</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Riverside-San_Bernardino_Area" class="mw-redirect" title="Riverside-San Bernardino Area">Riverside-San Bernardino Area</a>, the <a href="/wiki/San_Diego_metropolitan_area" class="mw-redirect" title="San Diego metropolitan area">San Diego metropolitan area</a>, or the <a href="/wiki/Sacramento_metropolitan_area" title="Sacramento metropolitan area">Sacramento metropolitan area</a>. <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1219497266">.mw-parser-output .largestCities-table-background{background:#f9f9f9;color:#222}.mw-parser-output .largestCities-cell-background{background:#f0f0f0;color:#222}</style> <div> <table style="font-size:88%;margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; width: 100%; border: 1px solid darkgray;"> <tbody><tr> <th colspan="10" style="padding:0.3em 0.75em;"><div style="float:right; width:6em; height:2.6em"> </div><div style="float:left; width:6em; height:2.6em"> </div> <div style="height:2.6em;line-height:1.3em;">Largest cities or towns in California <div style="display:inline;font-weight:normal;">Source:<a href="#cite_note-2020Census-167">[165]</a></div></div> </th></tr> <tr> <th></th> <th><a href="/wiki/List_of_cities_in_California_by_population" class="mw-redirect" title="List of cities in California by population">Rank</a> </th> <th><a href="/wiki/List_of_cities_in_California" class="mw-redirect" title="List of cities in California">Name</a> </th> <th><a href="/wiki/Counties_of_California" class="mw-redirect" title="Counties of California">County</a> </th> <th><a href="/wiki/List_of_cities_in_California_by_population" class="mw-redirect" title="List of cities in California by population">Pop.</a> </th> <th><a href="/wiki/List_of_cities_in_California_by_population" class="mw-redirect" title="List of cities in California by population">Rank</a> </th> <th><a href="/wiki/List_of_cities_in_California" class="mw-redirect" title="List of cities in California">Name</a> </th> <th><a href="/wiki/Counties_of_California" class="mw-redirect" title="Counties of California">County</a> </th> <th><a href="/wiki/List_of_cities_in_California_by_population" class="mw-redirect" title="List of cities in California by population">Pop.</a></th> <th> </th></tr> <tr> <td rowspan="11" style="text-align: center"><a href="/wiki/File:Los_Angeles_with_Mount_Baldy.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Los Angeles"><img alt="Los Angeles" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/69/Los_Angeles_with_Mount_Baldy.jpg/120px-Los_Angeles_with_Mount_Baldy.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="56" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/69/Los_Angeles_with_Mount_Baldy.jpg/180px-Los_Angeles_with_Mount_Baldy.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/69/Los_Angeles_with_Mount_Baldy.jpg/240px-Los_Angeles_with_Mount_Baldy.jpg 2x" data-file-width="8267" data-file-height="3873" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Los_Angeles,_California" class="mw-redirect" title="Los Angeles, California">Los Angeles</a> <a href="/wiki/File:San_Diego_skyline_18_(2).jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="San Diego"><img alt="San Diego" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/22/San_Diego_skyline_18_%282%29.jpg/120px-San_Diego_skyline_18_%282%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="62" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/22/San_Diego_skyline_18_%282%29.jpg/180px-San_Diego_skyline_18_%282%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/22/San_Diego_skyline_18_%282%29.jpg/240px-San_Diego_skyline_18_%282%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3965" data-file-height="2051" /></a> <a href="/wiki/San_Diego,_California" class="mw-redirect" title="San Diego, California">San Diego</a> </td> <td class="largestCities-cell-background" style="text-align:center;">1</td> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Los_Angeles,_California" class="mw-redirect" title="Los Angeles, California">Los Angeles</a></td> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Los_Angeles_County,_California" title="Los Angeles County, California">Los Angeles</a></td> <td style="text-align:right;">3,898,747</td> <td class="largestCities-cell-background" style="text-align:center;">11</td> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Stockton,_California" title="Stockton, California">Stockton</a></td> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/San_Joaquin_County,_California" title="San Joaquin County, California">San Joaquin</a></td> <td style="text-align:right;">320,804 </td> <td rowspan="11" style="text-align: center"><a href="/wiki/File:SJPan_(cropped).jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="San Jose"><img alt="San Jose" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/86/SJPan_%28cropped%29.jpg/120px-SJPan_%28cropped%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="48" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/86/SJPan_%28cropped%29.jpg/180px-SJPan_%28cropped%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/86/SJPan_%28cropped%29.jpg/240px-SJPan_%28cropped%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="871" data-file-height="351" /></a> <a href="/wiki/San_Jose,_California" title="San Jose, California">San Jose</a> <a href="/wiki/File:San_Francisco_from_the_Marin_Headlands_in_August_2022_(cropped).jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="San Francisco"><img alt="San Francisco" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/69/San_Francisco_from_the_Marin_Headlands_in_August_2022_%28cropped%29.jpg/120px-San_Francisco_from_the_Marin_Headlands_in_August_2022_%28cropped%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="62" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/69/San_Francisco_from_the_Marin_Headlands_in_August_2022_%28cropped%29.jpg/180px-San_Francisco_from_the_Marin_Headlands_in_August_2022_%28cropped%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/69/San_Francisco_from_the_Marin_Headlands_in_August_2022_%28cropped%29.jpg/240px-San_Francisco_from_the_Marin_Headlands_in_August_2022_%28cropped%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4126" data-file-height="2123" /></a> <a href="/wiki/San_Francisco,_California" class="mw-redirect" title="San Francisco, California">San Francisco</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="largestCities-cell-background" style="text-align:center;">2</td> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/San_Diego,_California" class="mw-redirect" title="San Diego, California">San Diego</a></td> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/San_Diego_County,_California" title="San Diego County, California">San Diego</a></td> <td style="text-align:right;">1,386,932</td> <td class="largestCities-cell-background" style="text-align:center;">12</td> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Riverside,_California" title="Riverside, California">Riverside</a></td> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Riverside_County,_California" title="Riverside County, California">Riverside</a></td> <td style="text-align:right;">314,998 </td></tr> <tr> <td class="largestCities-cell-background" style="text-align:center;">3</td> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/San_Jose,_California" title="San Jose, California">San Jose</a></td> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Santa_Clara_County,_California" title="Santa Clara County, California">Santa Clara</a></td> <td style="text-align:right;">1,013,240</td> <td class="largestCities-cell-background" style="text-align:center;">13</td> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Santa_Ana,_California" title="Santa Ana, California">Santa Ana</a></td> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Orange_County,_California" title="Orange County, California">Orange</a></td> <td style="text-align:right;">310,227 </td></tr> <tr> <td class="largestCities-cell-background" style="text-align:center;">4</td> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/San_Francisco,_California" class="mw-redirect" title="San Francisco, California">San Francisco</a></td> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/San_Francisco_County,_California" class="mw-redirect" title="San Francisco County, California">San Francisco</a></td> <td style="text-align:right;">873,965</td> <td class="largestCities-cell-background" style="text-align:center;">14</td> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Irvine,_California" title="Irvine, California">Irvine</a></td> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Orange_County,_California" title="Orange County, California">Orange</a></td> <td style="text-align:right;">307,670 </td></tr> <tr> <td class="largestCities-cell-background" style="text-align:center;">5</td> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Fresno,_California" title="Fresno, California">Fresno</a></td> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Fresno_County,_California" title="Fresno County, California">Fresno</a></td> <td style="text-align:right;">542,107</td> <td class="largestCities-cell-background" style="text-align:center;">15</td> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Chula_Vista,_California" title="Chula Vista, California">Chula Vista</a></td> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/San_Diego_County,_California" title="San Diego County, California">San Diego</a></td> <td style="text-align:right;">275,487 </td></tr> <tr> <td class="largestCities-cell-background" style="text-align:center;">6</td> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Sacramento,_California" title="Sacramento, California">Sacramento</a></td> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Sacramento_County,_California" title="Sacramento County, California">Sacramento</a></td> <td style="text-align:right;">524,943</td> <td class="largestCities-cell-background" style="text-align:center;">16</td> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Fremont,_California" title="Fremont, California">Fremont</a></td> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Alameda_County,_California" title="Alameda County, California">Alameda</a></td> <td style="text-align:right;">230,504 </td></tr> <tr> <td class="largestCities-cell-background" style="text-align:center;">7</td> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Long_Beach,_California" title="Long Beach, California">Long Beach</a></td> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Los_Angeles_County,_California" title="Los Angeles County, California">Los Angeles</a></td> <td style="text-align:right;">466,742</td> <td class="largestCities-cell-background" style="text-align:center;">17</td> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Santa_Clarita,_California" title="Santa Clarita, California">Santa Clarita</a></td> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Los_Angeles_County,_California" title="Los Angeles County, California">Los Angeles</a></td> <td style="text-align:right;">228,673 </td></tr> <tr> <td class="largestCities-cell-background" style="text-align:center;">8</td> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Oakland,_California" title="Oakland, California">Oakland</a></td> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Alameda_County,_California" title="Alameda County, California">Alameda</a></td> <td style="text-align:right;">440,646</td> <td class="largestCities-cell-background" style="text-align:center;">18</td> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/San_Bernardino,_California" title="San Bernardino, California">San Bernardino</a></td> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/San_Bernardino_County,_California" title="San Bernardino County, California">San Bernardino</a></td> <td style="text-align:right;">222,101 </td></tr> <tr> <td class="largestCities-cell-background" style="text-align:center;">9</td> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Bakersfield,_California" title="Bakersfield, California">Bakersfield</a></td> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Kern_County,_California" title="Kern County, California">Kern</a></td> <td style="text-align:right;">403,455</td> <td class="largestCities-cell-background" style="text-align:center;">19</td> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Modesto,_California" title="Modesto, California">Modesto</a></td> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Stanislaus_County,_California" title="Stanislaus County, California">Stanislaus</a></td> <td style="text-align:right;">218,464 </td></tr> <tr> <td class="largestCities-cell-background" style="text-align:center;">10</td> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Anaheim,_California" title="Anaheim, California">Anaheim</a></td> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Orange_County,_California" title="Orange County, California">Orange</a></td> <td style="text-align:right;">346,824</td> <td class="largestCities-cell-background" style="text-align:center;">20</td> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Moreno_Valley,_California" title="Moreno Valley, California">Moreno Valley</a></td> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Riverside_County,_California" title="Riverside County, California">Riverside</a></td> <td style="text-align:right;">208,634 </td></tr> </tbody></table></div> <table class="wikitable"> <caption>Largest metropolitan statistical areas in California </caption> <tbody><tr> <td>CA rank </td> <td>U.S. rank </td> <th><a href="/wiki/List_of_metropolitan_statistical_areas" class="mw-redirect" title="List of metropolitan statistical areas">Metropolitan statistical area</a><a href="#cite_note-OMB_17-01-168">[166]</a> </th> <th>2020 census<a href="#cite_note-2020Census-167">[165]</a> </th> <th>2010 census<a href="#cite_note-2020Census-167">[165]</a> </th> <th>Change </th> <th>Counties<a href="#cite_note-OMB_17-01-168">[166]</a> </th></tr> <tr> <td align="center">1 </td> <td align="center">2 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Los_Angeles-Long_Beach-Anaheim,_CA_MSA" class="mw-redirect" title="Los Angeles-Long Beach-Anaheim, CA MSA">Los Angeles-Long Beach-Anaheim, CA MSA</a> </td> <td style="text-align:right;">13,200,998 </td> <td style="text-align:right;">12,828,837 </td> <td style="text-align:right;">+2.90% </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Los_Angeles_County,_California" title="Los Angeles County, California">Los Angeles</a>, <a href="/wiki/Orange_County,_California" title="Orange County, California">Orange</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td align="center">2 </td> <td align="center">12 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/San_Francisco-Oakland-Hayward,_CA_MSA" class="mw-redirect" title="San Francisco-Oakland-Hayward, CA MSA">San Francisco-Oakland-Hayward, CA MSA</a> </td> <td style="text-align:right;">4,749,008 </td> <td style="text-align:right;">4,335,391 </td> <td style="text-align:right;">+9.54% </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Alameda_County" class="mw-redirect" title="Alameda County">Alameda</a>, <a href="/wiki/Contra_Costa_County" class="mw-redirect" title="Contra Costa County">Contra Costa</a>, <a href="/wiki/Marin_County" class="mw-redirect" title="Marin County">Marin</a>, <a href="/wiki/San_Francisco" title="San Francisco">San Francisco</a>, <a href="/wiki/San_Mateo_County" class="mw-redirect" title="San Mateo County">San Mateo</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td align="center">3 </td> <td align="center">13 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Riverside-San_Bernardino-Ontario,_CA_MSA" class="mw-redirect" title="Riverside-San Bernardino-Ontario, CA MSA">Riverside-San Bernardino-Ontario, CA MSA</a> </td> <td style="text-align:right;">4,599,839 </td> <td style="text-align:right;">4,224,851 </td> <td style="text-align:right;">+8.88% </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Riverside_County,_California" title="Riverside County, California">Riverside</a>, <a href="/wiki/San_Bernardino_County,_California" title="San Bernardino County, California">San Bernardino</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td align="center">4 </td> <td align="center">17 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/San_Diego-Carlsbad,_CA_MSA" class="mw-redirect" title="San Diego-Carlsbad, CA MSA">San Diego-Carlsbad, CA MSA</a> </td> <td style="text-align:right;">3,298,634 </td> <td style="text-align:right;">3,095,313 </td> <td style="text-align:right;">+6.57% </td> <td><a href="/wiki/San_Diego_County,_California" title="San Diego County, California">San Diego</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td align="center">5 </td> <td align="center">26 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Sacramento%E2%80%93Roseville%E2%80%93Arden-Arcade,_CA_MSA" class="mw-redirect" title="Sacramento–Roseville–Arden-Arcade, CA MSA">Sacramento–Roseville–Arden-Arcade, CA MSA</a> </td> <td style="text-align:right;">2,397,382 </td> <td style="text-align:right;">2,149,127 </td> <td style="text-align:right;">+11.55% </td> <td><a href="/wiki/El_Dorado_County,_California" title="El Dorado County, California">El Dorado</a>, <a href="/wiki/Placer_County,_California" title="Placer County, California">Placer</a>, <a href="/wiki/Sacramento_County,_California" title="Sacramento County, California">Sacramento</a>, <a href="/wiki/Yolo_County,_California" title="Yolo County, California">Yolo</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td align="center">6 </td> <td align="center">35 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/San_Jose-Sunnyvale-Santa_Clara,_CA_MSA" class="mw-redirect" title="San Jose-Sunnyvale-Santa Clara, CA MSA">San Jose-Sunnyvale-Santa Clara, CA MSA</a> </td> <td style="text-align:right;">2,000,468 </td> <td style="text-align:right;">1,836,911 </td> <td style="text-align:right;">+8.90% </td> <td><a href="/wiki/San_Benito_County,_California" title="San Benito County, California">San Benito</a>, <a href="/wiki/Santa_Clara_County,_California" title="Santa Clara County, California">Santa Clara</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td align="center">7 </td> <td align="center">56 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Fresno,_CA_MSA" class="mw-redirect" title="Fresno, CA MSA">Fresno, CA MSA</a> </td> <td style="text-align:right;">1,008,654 </td> <td style="text-align:right;">930,450 </td> <td style="text-align:right;">+8.40% </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Fresno_County,_California" title="Fresno County, California">Fresno</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td align="center">8 </td> <td align="center">62 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Bakersfield,_CA_MSA" class="mw-redirect" title="Bakersfield, CA MSA">Bakersfield, CA MSA</a> </td> <td style="text-align:right;">909,235 </td> <td style="text-align:right;">839,631 </td> <td style="text-align:right;">+8.29% </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Kern_County,_California" title="Kern County, California">Kern</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td align="center">9 </td> <td align="center">70 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Oxnard-Thousand_Oaks-Ventura,_CA_MSA" class="mw-redirect" title="Oxnard-Thousand Oaks-Ventura, CA MSA">Oxnard-Thousand Oaks-Ventura, CA MSA</a> </td> <td style="text-align:right;">843,843 </td> <td style="text-align:right;">823,318 </td> <td style="text-align:right;">+2.49% </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Ventura_County,_California" title="Ventura County, California">Ventura</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td align="center">10 </td> <td align="center">75 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Stockton-Lodi,_CA_MSA" class="mw-redirect" title="Stockton-Lodi, CA MSA">Stockton-Lodi, CA MSA</a> </td> <td style="text-align:right;">779,233 </td> <td style="text-align:right;">685,306 </td> <td style="text-align:right;">+13.71% </td> <td><a href="/wiki/San_Joaquin_County,_California" title="San Joaquin County, California">San Joaquin</a> </td></tr></tbody></table> <table class="wikitable sortable"> <caption>Largest combined statistical areas in California </caption> <tbody><tr> <td>CA rank </td> <td>U.S. rank </td> <th><a href="/wiki/List_of_Combined_Statistical_Areas" class="mw-redirect" title="List of Combined Statistical Areas">Combined statistical area</a><a href="#cite_note-2020Census-167">[165]</a> </th> <th>2020 census<a href="#cite_note-2020Census-167">[165]</a> </th> <th>2010 census<a href="#cite_note-2020Census-167">[165]</a> </th> <th>Change </th> <th>Counties<a href="#cite_note-OMB_17-01-168">[166]</a> </th></tr> <tr> <td align="center">1 </td> <td align="center">2 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Los_Angeles-Long_Beach,_CA_Combined_Statistical_Area" class="mw-redirect" title="Los Angeles-Long Beach, CA Combined Statistical Area">Los Angeles-Long Beach, CA Combined Statistical Area</a> </td> <td style="text-align:right;">18,644,680 </td> <td style="text-align:right;">17,877,006 </td> <td style="text-align:right;">+4.29% </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Los_Angeles_County,_California" title="Los Angeles County, California">Los Angeles</a>, <a href="/wiki/Orange_County,_California" title="Orange County, California">Orange</a>, <a href="/wiki/Riverside_County,_California" title="Riverside County, California">Riverside</a>, <a href="/wiki/San_Bernardino_County,_California" title="San Bernardino County, California">San Bernardino</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ventura_County,_California" title="Ventura County, California">Ventura</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td align="center">2 </td> <td align="center">4 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/San_Jose-San_Francisco-Oakland,_CA_Combined_Statistical_Area" class="mw-redirect" title="San Jose-San Francisco-Oakland, CA Combined Statistical Area">San Jose-San Francisco-Oakland, CA Combined Statistical Area</a> </td> <td style="text-align:right;">9,714,023 </td> <td style="text-align:right;">8,923,942 </td> <td style="text-align:right;">+8.85% </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Alameda_County,_California" title="Alameda County, California">Alameda</a>, <a href="/wiki/Contra_Costa_County,_California" title="Contra Costa County, California">Contra Costa</a>, <a href="/wiki/Marin_County,_California" title="Marin County, California">Marin</a>, <a href="/wiki/Merced_County,_California" title="Merced County, California">Merced</a>, <a href="/wiki/Napa_County,_California" title="Napa County, California">Napa</a>, <a href="/wiki/San_Benito_County,_California" title="San Benito County, California">San Benito</a>, <a href="/wiki/San_Francisco" title="San Francisco">San Francisco</a>, <a href="/wiki/San_Joaquin_County,_California" title="San Joaquin County, California">San Joaquin</a>, <a href="/wiki/San_Mateo_County,_California" title="San Mateo County, California">San Mateo</a>, <a href="/wiki/Santa_Clara_County,_California" title="Santa Clara County, California">Santa Clara</a>, <a href="/wiki/Santa_Cruz_County,_California" title="Santa Cruz County, California">Santa Cruz</a>, <a href="/wiki/Solano_County,_California" title="Solano County, California">Solano</a>, <a href="/wiki/Sonoma_County,_California" title="Sonoma County, California">Sonoma</a>, <a href="/wiki/Stanislaus_County,_California" title="Stanislaus County, California">Stanislaus</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td align="center">3 </td> <td align="center">23 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Sacramento-Roseville,_CA_Combined_Statistical_Area" class="mw-redirect" title="Sacramento-Roseville, CA Combined Statistical Area">Sacramento-Roseville, CA Combined Statistical Area</a> </td> <td style="text-align:right;">2,680,831 </td> <td style="text-align:right;">2,414,783 </td> <td style="text-align:right;">+11.02% </td> <td><a href="/wiki/El_Dorado_County,_California" title="El Dorado County, California">El Dorado</a>, <a href="/wiki/Nevada_County,_California" title="Nevada County, California">Nevada</a>, <a href="/wiki/Placer_County,_California" title="Placer County, California">Placer</a>, <a href="/wiki/Sacramento_County,_California" title="Sacramento County, California">Sacramento</a>, <a href="/wiki/Sutter_County,_California" title="Sutter County, California">Sutter</a>, <a href="/wiki/Yolo_County,_California" title="Yolo County, California">Yolo</a>, <a href="/wiki/Yuba_County,_California" title="Yuba County, California">Yuba</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td align="center">4 </td> <td align="center">45 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Fresno-Madera,_CA_Combined_Statistical_Area" class="mw-redirect" title="Fresno-Madera, CA Combined Statistical Area">Fresno-Madera, CA Combined Statistical Area</a> </td> <td style="text-align:right;">1,317,395 </td> <td style="text-align:right;">1,234,297 </td> <td style="text-align:right;">+6.73% </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Fresno_County,_California" title="Fresno County, California">Fresno</a>, <a href="/wiki/Kings_County,_California" title="Kings County, California">Kings</a>, <a href="/wiki/Madera_County,_California" title="Madera County, California">Madera</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td align="center">5 </td> <td align="center">125 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Redding-Red_Bluff,_CA_Combined_Statistical_Area" class="mw-redirect" title="Redding-Red Bluff, CA Combined Statistical Area">Redding-Red Bluff, CA Combined Statistical Area</a> </td> <td style="text-align:right;">247,984 </td> <td style="text-align:right;">240,686 </td> <td style="text-align:right;">+3.03% </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Shasta_County,_California" title="Shasta County, California">Shasta</a>, <a href="/wiki/Tehama_County,_California" title="Tehama County, California">Tehama</a> </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Demographics">Demographics</h2></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Demographics_of_California" title="Demographics of California">Demographics of California</a></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Population">Population</h3></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1224496135">.mw-parser-output .us-census-pop{border-spacing:1px;border:1px solid #a2a9b1;background-color:var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa);padding:0.3em;font-size:95%}.mw-parser-output .us-census-pop caption{background-color:lavender;color:black;padding-right:0.2em;padding-left:0.2em;font-size:110%;font-weight:bold;border:1px solid #a2a9b1;border-bottom:none}.mw-parser-output .us-census-pop th[scope=col]{border-bottom:1px solid black}.mw-parser-output .us-census-pop td:nth-child(2){text-align:right;padding-left:0.5em;padding-right:0}.mw-parser-output .us-census-pop td.us-census-pop-estimate{padding-left:0}.mw-parser-output .us-census-pop td:nth-child(3){padding-left:0}.mw-parser-output .us-census-pop td:nth-child(4){padding-left:0.5em;text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .us-census-pop-footnote{border-top:1px solid black;font-size:85%;text-align:center}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .us-census-pop-right{float:right;clear:right;margin:0 0 1em 1em}.mw-parser-output .us-census-pop-left{float:left;clear:left;margin:0 1em 1em 0}.mw-parser-output .us-census-pop-center{float:none;margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto}.mw-parser-output .us-census-pop-none{float:none;margin:0 1em 1em 0}}</style> <table class="us-census-pop us-census-pop-right"> <caption>Historical population</caption> <tbody><tr><th scope="col">Census</th><th scope="col"><abbr title="Population">Pop.</abbr></th><th scope="col"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1152813436">.mw-parser-output .sr-only{border:0;clip:rect(0,0,0,0);clip-path:polygon(0px 0px,0px 0px,0px 0px);height:1px;margin:-1px;overflow:hidden;padding:0;position:absolute;width:1px;white-space:nowrap}</style>Note</th><th scope="col"><abbr title="Percent change">%±</abbr></th></tr> <tr><th scope="row"><a href="/wiki/1850_United_States_census" title="1850 United States census">1850</a></th><td>92,597</td><td></td><td>—</td></tr><tr><th scope="row"><a href="/wiki/1860_United_States_census" title="1860 United States census">1860</a></th><td>379,994</td><td></td><td>310.4%</td></tr><tr><th scope="row"><a href="/wiki/1870_United_States_census" title="1870 United States census">1870</a></th><td>560,247</td><td></td><td>47.4%</td></tr><tr><th scope="row"><a href="/wiki/1880_United_States_census" title="1880 United States census">1880</a></th><td>864,694</td><td></td><td>54.3%</td></tr><tr><th scope="row"><a href="/wiki/1890_United_States_census" title="1890 United States census">1890</a></th><td>1,213,398</td><td></td><td>40.3%</td></tr><tr><th scope="row"><a href="/wiki/1900_United_States_census" title="1900 United States census">1900</a></th><td>1,485,053</td><td></td><td>22.4%</td></tr><tr><th scope="row"><a href="/wiki/1910_United_States_census" title="1910 United States census">1910</a></th><td>2,377,549</td><td></td><td>60.1%</td></tr><tr><th scope="row"><a href="/wiki/1920_United_States_census" title="1920 United States census">1920</a></th><td>3,426,861</td><td></td><td>44.1%</td></tr><tr><th scope="row"><a href="/wiki/1930_United_States_census" title="1930 United States census">1930</a></th><td>5,677,251</td><td></td><td>65.7%</td></tr><tr><th scope="row"><a href="/wiki/1940_United_States_census" title="1940 United States census">1940</a></th><td>6,907,387</td><td></td><td>21.7%</td></tr><tr><th scope="row"><a href="/wiki/1950_United_States_census" title="1950 United States census">1950</a></th><td>10,586,223</td><td></td><td>53.3%</td></tr><tr><th scope="row"><a href="/wiki/1960_United_States_census" title="1960 United States census">1960</a></th><td>15,717,204</td><td></td><td>48.5%</td></tr><tr><th scope="row"><a href="/wiki/1970_United_States_census" title="1970 United States census">1970</a></th><td>19,953,134</td><td></td><td>27.0%</td></tr><tr><th scope="row"><a href="/wiki/1980_United_States_census" title="1980 United States census">1980</a></th><td>23,667,902</td><td></td><td>18.6%</td></tr><tr><th scope="row"><a href="/wiki/1990_United_States_census" title="1990 United States census">1990</a></th><td>29,760,021</td><td></td><td>25.7%</td></tr><tr><th scope="row"><a href="/wiki/2000_United_States_census" title="2000 United States census">2000</a></th><td>33,871,648</td><td></td><td>13.8%</td></tr><tr><th scope="row"><a href="/wiki/2010_United_States_census" title="2010 United States census">2010</a></th><td>37,253,956</td><td></td><td>10.0%</td></tr><tr><th scope="row"><a href="/wiki/2020_United_States_census" title="2020 United States census">2020</a></th><td>39,538,223</td><td></td><td>6.1%</td></tr><tr><th scope="row">2023 (est.)</th><td class="us-census-pop-estimate">38,940,231</td><td></td><td>−1.5%</td></tr><tr><td colspan="4" class="us-census-pop-footnote">Sources: 1790–1990, 2000, 2010, 2020, 2023<a href="#cite_note-dof.ca.gov-169">[167]</a><a href="#cite_note-census_1790_1990-170">[168]</a><a href="#cite_note-Census2020-171">[169]</a><a href="#cite_note-CaliforniaDecline2023-8">[6]</a> Chart does not include indigenous population figures. Studies indicate that the Native American population in California in 1850 was close to 150,000 before declining to 15,000 by 1900.<a href="#cite_note-americanindiantah1-172">[170]</a></td></tr> </tbody></table> Presently, close to one out of every nine United States residents live in California.<a href="#cite_note-PPIC-173">[171]</a><a href="#cite_note-40Mill-174">[172]</a> The <a href="/wiki/United_States_Census_Bureau" title="United States Census Bureau">United States Census Bureau</a> reported that the population of California was 39.54 million on <a href="/wiki/2020_United_States_census" title="2020 United States census">April 1, 2020</a>, a 6.13% increase since the <a href="/wiki/2010_United_States_census" title="2010 United States census">2010 census</a>.<a href="#cite_note-Census2020-171">[169]</a> During that decade, the state's population grew more slowly than the rest of the nation, resulting in the loss of one seat on the US House of Representatives, the first loss in its entire history.<a href="#cite_note-PPIC-173">[171]</a> The estimated state population in 2023 was 38.94 million.<a href="#cite_note-40Mill-174">[172]</a> For well over a century (1900–2020), California experienced steady population growth. Even while the rate of growth began to slow by the 1990s, some growth continued into the first two decades of the 21st century; California added an average of around 400,000 people per year to its population during the period 1940–2020.<a href="#cite_note-175">[173]</a><a href="#cite_note-Byler-176">[174]</a><a href="#cite_note-177">[175]</a> Then in 2020, the state began to experience population declines continuing every year, attributable mostly to moves out of state but also due to declining <a href="/wiki/Birth_rate" title="Birth rate">birth rates</a>, <a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_deaths" title="COVID-19 pandemic deaths">COVID-19 pandemic deaths</a>, and less internal migration from other states to California.<a href="#cite_note-PPIC-173">[171]</a><a href="#cite_note-178">[176]</a> According to the U.S. Census Bureau, between 2021 and 2022, 818,000 California residents moved out of state<a href="#cite_note-179">[177]</a> with emigrants listing high cost of living,<a href="#cite_note-180">[178]</a> high taxes,<a href="#cite_note-181">[179]</a><a href="#cite_note-Register-2023-182">[180]</a> and a difficult business environment as the motivation.<a href="#cite_note-Register-2023-182">[180]</a> The net loss of population in California between July 2020 and July 2023 was 433,000.<a href="#cite_note-PPIC-173">[171]</a> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Population_density_of_California_counties_(2020).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/71/Population_density_of_California_counties_%282020%29.jpg/220px-Population_density_of_California_counties_%282020%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="314" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/71/Population_density_of_California_counties_%282020%29.jpg/330px-Population_density_of_California_counties_%282020%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/71/Population_density_of_California_counties_%282020%29.jpg/440px-Population_density_of_California_counties_%282020%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2938" data-file-height="4200" /></a><figcaption>California's population density, 2020</figcaption></figure> The <a href="/wiki/Greater_Los_Angeles_Area" class="mw-redirect" title="Greater Los Angeles Area">Greater Los Angeles Area</a> is the second-largest <a href="/wiki/Metropolitan_area" title="Metropolitan area">metropolitan area</a> in the United States (U.S.), while Los Angeles is the <a href="/wiki/List_of_United_States_cities_by_population" title="List of United States cities by population">second-largest city in the U.S.</a> Conversely, San Francisco is the most densely-populated city in California and <a href="/wiki/List_of_United_States_cities_by_population_density" title="List of United States cities by population density">one of the most densely populated cities in the U.S.</a>. Also, <a href="/wiki/Los_Angeles_County" class="mw-redirect" title="Los Angeles County">Los Angeles County</a> has held the title of most populous U.S. county for decades, and it alone is more populous than 42 U.S. states.<a href="#cite_note-LA_County_DPSS-183">[181]</a><a href="#cite_note-Baby_Slump_In_L.A._County-184">[182]</a> Including Los Angeles, four of the <a href="/wiki/List_of_United_States_cities_by_population" title="List of United States cities by population">top 20 most populous cities in the U.S.</a> are in California: Los Angeles (2nd), <a href="/wiki/San_Diego" title="San Diego">San Diego</a> (8th), <a href="/wiki/San_Jose,_California" title="San Jose, California">San Jose</a> (10th), and San Francisco (17th). The <a href="/wiki/Center_of_population" title="Center of population">center of population</a> of California is located four miles west-southwest of the city of <a href="/wiki/Shafter,_California" title="Shafter, California">Shafter</a>, <a href="/wiki/Kern_County,_California" title="Kern County, California">Kern County</a>.<a href="#cite_note-186">[note 3]</a> As of 2019, California ranked <a href="/wiki/List_of_U.S._states_and_territories_by_life_expectancy" title="List of U.S. states and territories by life expectancy">second among states by life expectancy</a>, with a life expectancy of 80.9 years.<a href="#cite_note-187">[184]</a> Starting in the year 2010, for the first time since the <a href="/wiki/California_Gold_Rush" class="mw-redirect" title="California Gold Rush">California Gold Rush</a>, California-born residents made up the majority of the state's population.<a href="#cite_note-188">[185]</a> Along with the rest of the United States, California's immigration pattern has also shifted over the course of the late 2000s to early 2010s.<a href="#cite_note-Pew_Mexican_Immigration-189">[186]</a> Immigration from <a href="/wiki/Latin_America" title="Latin America">Latin American</a> countries has dropped significantly with most immigrants now coming from <a href="/wiki/Asia" title="Asia">Asia</a>.<a href="#cite_note-SacBee17JAN2013-190">[187]</a> In total for 2011, there were 277,304 immigrants. Fifty-seven percent came from Asian countries versus 22% from Latin American countries.<a href="#cite_note-SacBee17JAN2013-190">[187]</a> <a href="/wiki/Net_immigration" class="mw-redirect" title="Net immigration">Net immigration</a> from Mexico, previously the most common country of origin for new immigrants, has dropped to zero / less than zero since more Mexican nationals are departing for their home country than immigrating.<a href="#cite_note-Pew_Mexican_Immigration-189">[186]</a> The state's population of <a href="/wiki/Undocumented_immigrants" class="mw-redirect" title="Undocumented immigrants">undocumented immigrants</a> has been shrinking in recent years, due to increased enforcement and decreased job opportunities for lower-skilled workers.<a href="#cite_note-191">[188]</a> The number of migrants arrested attempting to cross the Mexican border in the Southwest decreased from a high of 1.1 million in 2005 to 367,000 in 2011.<a href="#cite_note-BusinessWeek-192">[189]</a> Despite these recent trends, <a href="/wiki/Illegal_immigration_to_the_United_States" title="Illegal immigration to the United States">illegal</a> <a href="/wiki/Alien_(law)" title="Alien (law)">aliens</a> constituted an estimated 7.3 percent of the state's population, the third highest percentage of any state in the <a href="/wiki/Illegal_immigrant_population_of_the_United_States" class="mw-redirect" title="Illegal immigrant population of the United States">country</a>,<a href="#cite_note-193">[190]</a><a href="#cite_note-194">[note 4]</a> totaling nearly 2.6 million.<a href="#cite_note-SDUT19042011-195">[191]</a> In particular, illegal immigrants tended to be concentrated in <a href="/wiki/Los_Angeles_County,_California" title="Los Angeles County, California">Los Angeles</a>, <a href="/wiki/Monterey_County,_California" title="Monterey County, California">Monterey</a>, <a href="/wiki/San_Benito_County,_California" title="San Benito County, California">San Benito</a>, <a href="/wiki/Imperial_County,_California" title="Imperial County, California">Imperial</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Napa_County,_California" title="Napa County, California">Napa Counties</a>—the latter four of which have significant agricultural industries that depend on manual labor.<a href="#cite_note-PPIC2011II-196">[192]</a> More than half of illegal immigrants originate from Mexico.<a href="#cite_note-SDUT19042011-195">[191]</a> The state of California and some California cities, including <a href="/wiki/Los_Angeles" title="Los Angeles">Los Angeles</a>, <a href="/wiki/Oakland" class="mw-redirect" title="Oakland">Oakland</a>, and <a href="/wiki/San_Francisco" title="San Francisco">San Francisco</a>,<a href="#cite_note-197">[193]</a> have adopted <a href="/wiki/Sanctuary_city" title="Sanctuary city">sanctuary policies</a>.<a href="#cite_note-198">[194]</a> According to <a href="/wiki/United_States_Department_of_Housing_and_Urban_Development" title="United States Department of Housing and Urban Development">HUD</a>'s 2022 <a href="/wiki/Annual_Homeless_Assessment_Report_to_Congress" title="Annual Homeless Assessment Report to Congress">Annual Homeless Assessment Report</a>, there were an estimated 171,521 <a href="/wiki/Homelessness" title="Homelessness">homeless</a> people <a href="/wiki/Homelessness_in_California" title="Homelessness in California">in California</a>.<a href="#cite_note-199">[195]</a><a href="#cite_note-200">[196]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Race_and_ethnicity">Race and ethnicity</h3></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Map_of_Californian_Counties_by_Percentage_of_Hispanics_or_Latinos.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Map_of_Californian_Counties_by_Percentage_of_Hispanics_or_Latinos.png/220px-Map_of_Californian_Counties_by_Percentage_of_Hispanics_or_Latinos.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="232" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Map_of_Californian_Counties_by_Percentage_of_Hispanics_or_Latinos.png/330px-Map_of_Californian_Counties_by_Percentage_of_Hispanics_or_Latinos.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Map_of_Californian_Counties_by_Percentage_of_Hispanics_or_Latinos.png/440px-Map_of_Californian_Counties_by_Percentage_of_Hispanics_or_Latinos.png 2x" data-file-width="1270" data-file-height="1337" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Hispanics_and_Latinos_in_California" title="Hispanics and Latinos in California">Hispanic and Latino Californians</a> make up the state's largest ethnic group. The map displays California's counties by percentage of Hispanics and Latinos in the <a href="/wiki/2020_United_States_census" title="2020 United States census">2020 census</a>: <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r981673959">.mw-parser-output .legend{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .legend-color{display:inline-block;min-width:1.25em;height:1.25em;line-height:1.25;margin:1px 0;text-align:center;border:1px solid black;background-color:transparent;color:black}.mw-parser-output .legend-text{}</style><div class="legend">  50% or more</div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959"><div class="legend">  25–49%</div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959"><div class="legend">  15–24%</div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959"><div class="legend">  5–15%</div></figcaption></figure> <table class="wikitable sortable collapsible"> <caption style="font-size:120%">Racial and ethnic composition as of the <a href="/wiki/2020_United_States_census" title="2020 United States census">2020 census</a> </caption> <tbody><tr> <th>Race and ethnicity<a href="#cite_note-201">[197]</a> </th> <th colspan="2" data-sort-type="number">Alone </th> <th colspan="2" data-sort-type="number">Total </th></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Hispanics_and_Latinos_in_California" title="Hispanics and Latinos in California">Hispanic or Latino</a><a href="#cite_note-202">[note 5]</a> </td> <td align="right">— </td> <td> </td> <td align="right">39.4% </td> <td align="left">39.4<div style="width:78.8px;height:2ex;background:#aaa;color:inherit;background:green"> </div> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/White_Americans_in_California" title="White Americans in California">White (non-Hispanic)</a> </td> <td align="right">34.7% </td> <td align="left">34.7<div style="width:69.4px;height:2ex;background:#aaa;color:inherit;background:gray"> </div> </td> <td align="right">38.3% </td> <td align="left">38.3<div style="width:76.6px;height:2ex;background:#aaa;color:inherit;background:gray"> </div> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Asian_Americans_in_California" title="Asian Americans in California">Asian (non-Hispanic)</a> </td> <td align="right">15.1% </td> <td align="left">15.1<div style="width:30.2px;height:2ex;background:#aaa;color:inherit;background:purple"> </div> </td> <td align="right">17.0% </td> <td align="left">17<div style="width:34px;height:2ex;background:#aaa;color:inherit;background:purple"> </div> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/African_Americans_in_California" title="African Americans in California">African American (non-Hispanic)</a> </td> <td align="right">5.4% </td> <td align="left">5.4<div style="width:10.8px;height:2ex;background:#aaa;color:inherit;background:mediumblue"> </div> </td> <td align="right">6.4% </td> <td align="left">6.4<div style="width:12.8px;height:2ex;background:#aaa;color:inherit;background:mediumblue"> </div> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Native_Americans_in_California" class="mw-redirect" title="Native Americans in California">Native American (non-Hispanic)</a> </td> <td align="right">0.4% </td> <td align="left">0.4<div style="width:0.8px;height:2ex;background:#aaa;color:inherit;background:gold"> </div> </td> <td align="right">1.3% </td> <td align="left">1.3<div style="width:2.6px;height:2ex;background:#aaa;color:inherit;background:gold"> </div> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Pacific_Islander_Americans" title="Pacific Islander Americans">Pacific Islander (non-Hispanic)</a> </td> <td align="right">0.3% </td> <td align="left">0.3<div style="width:0.6px;height:2ex;background:#aaa;color:inherit;background:pink"> </div> </td> <td align="right">0.7% </td> <td align="left">0.7<div style="width:1.4px;height:2ex;background:#aaa;color:inherit;background:pink"> </div> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Other (non-Hispanic) </td> <td align="right">0.6% </td> <td align="left">0.6<div style="width:1.2px;height:2ex;background:#aaa;color:inherit;background:brown"> </div> </td> <td align="right">1.3% </td> <td align="left">1.3<div style="width:2.6px;height:2ex;background:#aaa;color:inherit;background:brown"> </div> </td></tr></tbody></table> <table class="wikitable sortable mw-collapsible"> <caption>California Racial Breakdown of Population </caption> <tbody><tr> <th>Racial composition </th> <th>1950<a href="#cite_note-:0-203">[198]</a> </th> <th>1960<a href="#cite_note-:0-203">[198]</a> </th> <th>1970<a href="#cite_note-:0-203">[198]</a> </th> <th>1980<a href="#cite_note-:0-203">[198]</a> </th> <th>1990<a href="#cite_note-:0-203">[198]</a> </th> <th>2000<a href="#cite_note-204">[199]</a> </th> <th>2010<a href="#cite_note-205">[200]</a> </th> <th>2020<a href="#cite_note-206">[201]</a> </th></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/White_American" class="mw-redirect" title="White American">White</a> </td> <td>93.7% </td> <td>92% </td> <td>89% </td> <td>76.2% </td> <td>69% </td> <td>59.6% </td> <td>57.6% </td> <td>41.2% </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/African_American" class="mw-redirect" title="African American">Black</a> </td> <td>4.4% </td> <td>5.6% </td> <td>7% </td> <td>7.7% </td> <td>7.4% </td> <td>6.7% </td> <td>6.2% </td> <td>5.6% </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Asian_American" class="mw-redirect" title="Asian American">Asian</a> </td> <td>1.7% </td> <td>2% </td> <td>2.8% </td> <td>5.3% </td> <td>9.6% </td> <td>10.9% </td> <td>13% </td> <td>15.4% </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Native_Americans_in_the_United_States" title="Native Americans in the United States">Native</a> </td> <td>0.2% </td> <td>0.2% </td> <td>0.5% </td> <td>0.9% </td> <td>0.8% </td> <td>1% </td> <td>1% </td> <td>1.6% </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Native_Hawaiian" class="mw-redirect" title="Native Hawaiian">Native Hawaiian</a> and <a href="/wiki/Pacific_Islander" title="Pacific Islander">other Pacific Islander</a> </td> <td>— </td> <td>— </td> <td>— </td> <td>— </td> <td>— </td> <td>0.4% </td> <td>0.4% </td> <td>0.4% </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Race_and_ethnicity_in_the_United_States_Census" class="mw-redirect" title="Race and ethnicity in the United States Census">Other race</a> </td> <td>— </td> <td>0.1% </td> <td>0.7% </td> <td>10% </td> <td>13.2% </td> <td>16.8% </td> <td>17% </td> <td>21.2% </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Multiracial_American" class="mw-redirect" title="Multiracial American">Two or more races</a> </td> <td>— </td> <td>— </td> <td>— </td> <td>— </td> <td>— </td> <td>4.8% </td> <td>4.9% </td> <td>14.6% </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Hispanic_and_Latino_Americans" title="Hispanic and Latino Americans">Hispanic or Latino</a> </td> <td>— </td> <td>— </td> <td>13.7% </td> <td>19.2% </td> <td>25.8% </td> <td>32.4% </td> <td>37.6% </td> <td>39.4% </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Non-Hispanic_whites" title="Non-Hispanic whites">Non-Hispanic white</a> </td> <td>— </td> <td>— </td> <td>76.3% </td> <td>66.6% </td> <td>57.2% </td> <td>46.7% </td> <td>40.2% </td> <td>34.7% </td></tr></tbody></table> According to the United States Census Bureau in 2022 the population self-identified as (alone or in combination): 56.5% <a href="/wiki/White_Americans" title="White Americans">White</a> (including <a href="/wiki/Hispanic_White_Americans" class="mw-redirect" title="Hispanic White Americans">Hispanic Whites</a>),<a href="#cite_note-207">[202]</a> 33.7% <a href="/wiki/Non-Hispanic_whites" title="Non-Hispanic whites">non-Hispanic white</a>,<a href="#cite_note-208">[203]</a> 18.1% <a href="/wiki/Asian_American" class="mw-redirect" title="Asian American">Asian</a>,<a href="#cite_note-209">[204]</a> 7.3% Black or <a href="/wiki/African_American" class="mw-redirect" title="African American">African American</a>,<a href="#cite_note-210">[205]</a> 3.2% <a href="/wiki/Native_Americans_in_the_United_States" title="Native Americans in the United States">Native American</a> and <a href="/wiki/Alaska_Native" class="mw-redirect" title="Alaska Native">Alaska Native</a>,<a href="#cite_note-211">[206]</a> 0.9% <a href="/wiki/Native_Hawaiian" class="mw-redirect" title="Native Hawaiian">Native Hawaiian</a> or <a href="/wiki/Pacific_Islander_American" class="mw-redirect" title="Pacific Islander American">Pacific Islander</a>,<a href="#cite_note-212">[207]</a> and 34.3% <a href="/wiki/Some_Other_Race" class="mw-redirect" title="Some Other Race">some other race</a>.<a href="#cite_note-213">[208]</a> These numbers add up to more than 100% because respondents can select multiple racial identities. 19% of Californians identified as two or more races in 2022, although excluding respondents who selected "some other race", only 5% identified as two or more races.<a href="#cite_note-214">[209]</a> By ethnicity, in 2018 the population was 60.7% non-Hispanic (of any race) and 39.3% <a href="/wiki/Hispanics_and_Latinos_in_California" title="Hispanics and Latinos in California">Hispanic or Latino</a> (of any race). Hispanics are the largest single ethnic group in California.<a href="#cite_note-2018CensusDemo-215">[210]</a> <a href="/wiki/Non-Hispanic_whites" title="Non-Hispanic whites">Non-Hispanic whites</a> constituted 36.8% of the state's population.<a href="#cite_note-2018CensusDemo-215">[210]</a> <a href="/wiki/Californio" class="mw-redirect" title="Californio">Californios</a> are the <a href="/wiki/Hispanic" title="Hispanic">Hispanic</a> residents native to California, who make up the <a href="/wiki/Spanish_language_in_California" title="Spanish language in California">Spanish-speaking</a> community that has existed in California since 1542, of varying <a href="/wiki/Mexican_American" class="mw-redirect" title="Mexican American">Mexican American</a>/<a href="/wiki/Chicano" title="Chicano">Chicano</a>, <a href="/wiki/Criollo_people" title="Criollo people">Criollo Spaniard</a>, and Mestizo origin.<a href="#cite_note-216">[211]</a> However, they make up only a small part of California's Hispanic population today, estimated at 500,000. California has the largest Mexican, <a href="/wiki/Salvadoran_Americans" title="Salvadoran Americans">Salvadoran</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Guatemalan_Americans" title="Guatemalan Americans">Guatemalan</a> population, together making up over 90% of the state's Latino population.<a href="#cite_note-217">[212]</a> According to 2022 estimates from the <a href="/wiki/American_Community_Survey" title="American Community Survey">American Community Survey</a>, 32.4% of the population had <a href="/wiki/Mexican_Americans" title="Mexican Americans">Mexican</a> ancestry, 6.6% had <a href="/wiki/German_Americans" title="German Americans">German</a> ancestry, 6.1% had <a href="/wiki/English_Americans" title="English Americans">English</a> ancestry, 5.6% had <a href="/wiki/Irish_people" title="Irish people">Irish</a> ancestry, 4.9% had <a href="/wiki/Chinese_Americans" title="Chinese Americans">Chinese</a> ancestry, 4.3% had <a href="/wiki/Filipino_Americans" title="Filipino Americans">Filipino</a> ancestry, 4% had <a href="/wiki/Central_America" title="Central America">Central American</a> ancestry (Mostly <a href="/wiki/Salvadoran_Americans" title="Salvadoran Americans">Salvadoran</a> and <a href="/wiki/Guatemalan_Americans" title="Guatemalan Americans">Guatemalan</a>), 3.4% had <a href="/wiki/Italian_Americans" title="Italian Americans">Italian</a> ancestry, 2.8% listed themselves as <a href="/wiki/American_ancestry" title="American ancestry">American</a>, and 2.5% had <a href="/wiki/Indian_Americans" title="Indian Americans">Indian</a> ancestry.<a href="#cite_note-218">[213]</a><a href="#cite_note-219">[214]</a><a href="#cite_note-220">[215]</a> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Ethnic_Origins_in_California.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b5/Ethnic_Origins_in_California.png/330px-Ethnic_Origins_in_California.png" decoding="async" width="330" height="300" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b5/Ethnic_Origins_in_California.png/495px-Ethnic_Origins_in_California.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b5/Ethnic_Origins_in_California.png/660px-Ethnic_Origins_in_California.png 2x" data-file-width="5498" data-file-height="5000" /></a><figcaption>Ethnic origins in California</figcaption></figure> As of 2011<a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=California&action=edit">[update]</a>, 75.1% of California's population younger than age 1 were minorities, meaning they had at least one parent who was not non-Hispanic white (white Hispanics are counted as minorities).<a href="#cite_note-221">[216]</a> In terms of total numbers, California has the largest population of White Americans in the United States, an estimated 22,200,000 residents including people identifying as white in combination with any other race. The state has the 5th largest population of African Americans in the United States, an estimated 2,250,000 residents. California's Asian American population is estimated at 7.1 million, constituting a third of the nation's total. California's Native American population of 504,000 is the most of any state, with 103,030 identifying as Non-Hispanic and belonging mostly to the <a href="/wiki/Indigenous_peoples_of_California" title="Indigenous peoples of California">Indigenous peoples of California</a>.<a href="#cite_note-222">[217]</a><a href="#cite_note-223">[218]</a> Most of the state's Native American population identifies as Hispanic and belongs to Indigenous Mexican or Central American ethnic groups, including 185,200 identifying as <a href="/wiki/Indigenous_peoples_of_Mexico" title="Indigenous peoples of Mexico">Mexican American Indian</a> and 67,904 identifying as <a href="/wiki/Central_american_indians" class="mw-redirect" title="Central american indians">Central American Indian</a>.<a href="#cite_note-224">[219]</a> According to estimates from 2011, California has the largest <a href="/wiki/Majority-minority_state" class="mw-redirect" title="Majority-minority state">minority population</a> in the United States by numbers, making up 60% of the state population.<a href="#cite_note-CensusQuickFacts-225">[220]</a> Over the past 25 years, the population of <a href="/wiki/Non-Hispanic_whites" title="Non-Hispanic whites">non-Hispanic whites</a> has declined, while <a href="/wiki/Hispanic_and_Latino_American" class="mw-redirect" title="Hispanic and Latino American">Hispanic</a> and <a href="/wiki/Asian_American" class="mw-redirect" title="Asian American">Asian</a> populations have grown. Between 1970 and 2011, non-Hispanic whites declined from 80% of the state's population to 40%, while <a href="/wiki/Hispanic_and_Latino_American" class="mw-redirect" title="Hispanic and Latino American">Hispanics</a> grew from 32% in 2000 to 38% in 2011.<a href="#cite_note-226">[221]</a> It is currently projected that Hispanics will rise to 49% of the population by 2060, primarily due to domestic births rather than immigration.<a href="#cite_note-Economist_CA_Hispanics-227">[222]</a> With the decline of immigration from Latin America, Asian Americans now constitute the fastest growing racial/ethnic group in California; this growth is primarily driven by immigration from <a href="/wiki/China" title="China">China</a>, <a href="/wiki/India" title="India">India</a>, and the <a href="/wiki/Philippines" title="Philippines">Philippines</a>, respectively.<a href="#cite_note-Asians_CA-228">[223]</a> Most of California's immigrant population are born in Mexico (3.9 million), the Philippines (825,200), China (768,400), India (556,500), and Vietnam (502,600).<a href="#cite_note-229">[224]</a> California has the largest multiracial population in the United States.<a href="#cite_note-230">[225]</a> Mexican is the most common ancestry in California, followed by English, German, and Irish.<a href="#cite_note-231">[226]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Languages">Languages</h3></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Languages_of_California" class="mw-redirect" title="Languages of California">Languages of California</a></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/California_English" title="California English">California English</a> and <a href="/wiki/Spanish_language_in_California" title="Spanish language in California">Spanish language in California</a></div> <table class="wikitable sortable mw-collapsible mw-open" style="margin-left:1em; float:right"> <caption>Languages spoken in California by more than 100,000 persons </caption> <tbody><tr> <th>Language</th> <th>Population (as of 2021<a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=California&action=edit">[update]</a>)<a href="#cite_note-Language2021-232">[227]</a></th> <th><a href="/wiki/Percentage" title="Percentage">%</a> </th></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/California_English" title="California English">English</a> </td> <td>20,763,638 </td> <td>56.08% </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Spanish_language_in_California" title="Spanish language in California">Spanish</a> </td> <td>10,434,308 </td> <td>28.18% </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Chinese_language_in_the_United_States" title="Chinese language in the United States">Chinese</a> </td> <td>1,244,445 </td> <td>3.36% </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Tagalog_language_in_the_United_States" class="mw-redirect" title="Tagalog language in the United States">Tagalog</a> </td> <td>757,488 </td> <td>2.05% </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Vietnamese_language_in_the_United_States" title="Vietnamese language in the United States">Vietnamese</a> </td> <td>544,046 </td> <td>1.47% </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Korean_Americans" title="Korean Americans">Korean</a> </td> <td>356,901 </td> <td>0.96% </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Arabic_language_in_the_United_States" title="Arabic language in the United States">Arabic</a> </td> <td>231,612 </td> <td>0.63% </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Persian_language_in_the_United_States" class="mw-redirect" title="Persian language in the United States">Persian</a> </td> <td>221,650 </td> <td>0.6% </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Armenian_language_in_the_United_States" class="mw-redirect" title="Armenian language in the United States">Armenian</a> </td> <td>211,614 </td> <td>0.57% </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Hindi" title="Hindi">Hindi</a> </td> <td>208,148 </td> <td>0.56% </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Russian_language_in_the_United_States" title="Russian language in the United States">Russian</a> </td> <td>178,176 </td> <td>0.48% </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Punjabi_American" class="mw-redirect" title="Punjabi American">Punjabi</a> </td> <td>156,763 </td> <td>0.42% </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Japanese_American" class="mw-redirect" title="Japanese American">Japanese</a> </td> <td>135,992 </td> <td>0.37% </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/French_language_in_the_United_States" title="French language in the United States">French</a> </td> <td>126,371 </td> <td>0.34% </td></tr></tbody></table> <a href="/wiki/California_English" title="California English">English</a> serves as California's <a href="/wiki/De_jure" title="De jure">de jure</a> and <a href="/wiki/De_facto" title="De facto">de facto</a> <a href="/wiki/Official_language" title="Official language">official language</a>. According to the 2021 <a href="/wiki/American_Community_Survey" title="American Community Survey">American Community Survey</a> conducted by the <a href="/wiki/United_States_Census_Bureau" title="United States Census Bureau">United States Census Bureau</a>, 56.08% (20,763,638) of California residents age 5 and older spoke only <a href="/wiki/English_language" title="English language">English</a> at home, while 43.92% spoke another language at home. 60.35% of people who speak a language other than English at home are able to speak English "well" or "very well", with this figure varying significantly across the different linguistic groups.<a href="#cite_note-Language2021-232">[227]</a> Like most <a href="/wiki/U.S._state" title="U.S. state">U.S. states</a> (32 out of 50), California law enshrines English as its <a href="/wiki/Official_language" title="Official language">official language</a>, and has done so since the passage of <a href="/wiki/List_of_California_ballot_propositions_1980%E2%80%931989#November_4,_1986" class="mw-redirect" title="List of California ballot propositions 1980–1989">Proposition 63</a> by California voters in 1986. Various government agencies do, and are often required to, furnish documents in the various languages needed to reach their intended audiences.<a href="#cite_note-233">[228]</a><a href="#cite_note-AB_800_Analysis-234">[229]</a><a href="#cite_note-Hull_English_already_official-235">[230]</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1237032888/mw-parser-output/.tmulti"><div class="thumb tmulti tleft"><div class="thumbinner multiimageinner" style="width:308px;max-width:308px"><div class="trow"><div class="tsingle" style="width:152px;max-width:152px"><div class="thumbimage"><a href="/wiki/File:California_Constitution_1849_title_page.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bc/California_Constitution_1849_title_page.jpg/150px-California_Constitution_1849_title_page.jpg" decoding="async" width="150" height="194" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bc/California_Constitution_1849_title_page.jpg/225px-California_Constitution_1849_title_page.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bc/California_Constitution_1849_title_page.jpg/300px-California_Constitution_1849_title_page.jpg 2x" data-file-width="539" data-file-height="697" /></a></div></div><div class="tsingle" style="width:152px;max-width:152px"><div class="thumbimage"><a href="/wiki/File:Proclama_al_Pueblo_de_California_(1849)_(cropped).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4f/Proclama_al_Pueblo_de_California_%281849%29_%28cropped%29.jpg/150px-Proclama_al_Pueblo_de_California_%281849%29_%28cropped%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="150" height="193" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4f/Proclama_al_Pueblo_de_California_%281849%29_%28cropped%29.jpg/225px-Proclama_al_Pueblo_de_California_%281849%29_%28cropped%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4f/Proclama_al_Pueblo_de_California_%281849%29_%28cropped%29.jpg/300px-Proclama_al_Pueblo_de_California_%281849%29_%28cropped%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="871" data-file-height="1122" /></a></div></div></div><div class="trow" style="display:flex"><div class="thumbcaption">The <a href="/wiki/Constitution_of_California" title="Constitution of California">Constitution of California</a> was written in both <a href="/wiki/California_English" title="California English">English</a> (left) and <a href="/wiki/Spanish_language_in_California" title="Spanish language in California">Spanish</a> (right) by both American and <a href="/wiki/Californio" class="mw-redirect" title="Californio">Californio</a> delegates.</div></div></div></div> <a href="/wiki/Spanish_language_in_California" title="Spanish language in California">Spanish</a> is the most commonly spoken language in California, behind English, spoken by 28.18% (10,434,308) of the population (in 2021).<a href="#cite_note-Language2021-232">[227]</a> The Spanish language has been spoken in California since 1542 and is deeply intertwined with California's cultural landscape and history.<a href="#cite_note-236">[231]</a><a href="#cite_note-237">[232]</a><a href="#cite_note-238">[233]</a> Spanish was the official administrative language of California through the Spanish and Mexican eras, until 1848. Following the U.S. <a href="/wiki/Conquest_of_California" title="Conquest of California">Conquest of California</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Treaty_of_Guadalupe-Hidalgo" class="mw-redirect" title="Treaty of Guadalupe-Hidalgo">Treaty of Guadalupe-Hidalgo</a>, the U.S. Government guaranteed the rights of Spanish-speaking Californians. The first <a href="/wiki/Constitution_of_California" title="Constitution of California">Constitution of California</a> was written in both languages at the <a href="/wiki/California_Constitutional_Conventions" title="California Constitutional Conventions">Monterey Constitutional Convention of 1849</a> and protected the rights of Spanish speakers to use their language in government proceedings and mandating that all government documents be published in both English and Spanish.<a href="#cite_note-239">[234]</a> Despite the initial recognition of Spanish by early American governments in California, the revised 1879 constitution stripped the rights of Spanish speakers and the official status of Spanish.<a href="#cite_note-240">[235]</a> The growth of the <a href="/wiki/English-only_movement" title="English-only movement">English-only movement</a> by the mid-20th century led to the passage of <a href="/wiki/1986_California_Proposition_63" title="1986 California Proposition 63">1986 California Proposition 63</a>, which enshrined English as the only official language in California and ended Spanish language instruction in schools.<a href="#cite_note-Time_Bilingual-241">[236]</a> <a href="/wiki/2016_California_Proposition_58" title="2016 California Proposition 58">2016 California Proposition 58</a> reversed the prohibition on <a href="/wiki/Bilingual_education" title="Bilingual education">bilingual education</a>, though there are still many barriers to the proliferation of Spanish bilingual education, including a shortage of teachers and lack of funding.<a href="#cite_note-242">[237]</a><a href="#cite_note-Time_Bilingual-241">[236]</a><a href="#cite_note-243">[238]</a> The <a href="/wiki/Government_of_California" title="Government of California">government of California</a> has since made efforts to promote Spanish language access and bilingual education,<a href="#cite_note-244">[239]</a><a href="#cite_note-245">[240]</a> as have private educational institutions in California.<a href="#cite_note-246">[241]</a> Many businesses in California promote the usage of Spanish by their employees, to better serve both California's Hispanic population and the larger <a href="/wiki/Hispanophone" title="Hispanophone">Spanish-speaking world</a>.<a href="#cite_note-247">[242]</a><a href="#cite_note-248">[243]</a> California has historically been one of the most linguistically diverse areas in the world, with more than 70 indigenous languages derived from 64 root languages in six language families.<a href="#cite_note-Native_Languages_1770-249">[244]</a><a href="#cite_note-Indian_Root_Languages_1994-250">[245]</a> A survey conducted between 2007 and 2009 identified 23 different indigenous languages among California farmworkers.<a href="#cite_note-251">[246]</a> All of California's indigenous languages are <a href="/wiki/Endangered_language" title="Endangered language">endangered</a>, although there are now efforts toward <a href="/wiki/Language_revitalization" title="Language revitalization">language revitalization</a>.<a href="#cite_note-252">[note 6]</a> California has the highest concentration nationwide of <a href="/wiki/Chinese_language_in_the_United_States" title="Chinese language in the United States">Chinese</a>, <a href="/wiki/Vietnamese_language_in_the_United_States" title="Vietnamese language in the United States">Vietnamese</a> and <a href="/wiki/Punjabi_American" class="mw-redirect" title="Punjabi American">Punjabi</a> speakers. As a result of the state's increasing diversity and migration from other areas across the country and around the globe, linguists began noticing a noteworthy set of emerging characteristics of spoken <a href="/wiki/American_English" title="American English">American English</a> in California since the late 20th century. This variety, known as <a href="/wiki/California_English" title="California English">California English</a>, has a <a href="/wiki/Vowel_shift" title="Vowel shift">vowel shift</a> and several other phonological processes that are different from varieties of American English used in other regions of the United States.<a href="#cite_note-Bucholtz-253">[247]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Religion">Religion</h3></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Religion_in_California" class="mw-redirect" title="Religion in California">Religion in California</a></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/List_of_cathedrals_in_California" title="List of cathedrals in California">List of cathedrals in California</a></div> <div class="PieChartTemplate thumb tright"><div class="thumbinner" style="width:202px"> <div class="mw-no-invert" style="background-color:white;margin:auto;position:relative;width:200px;height:200px;overflow:hidden;border-radius:100px;border:1px solid black;transform:scaleX(-1)rotate(-90deg)"> <div style="border:solid transparent;background-color:initial;position:absolute;width:100px;line-height:0;left:0; top:0; border-width:0 200px 200px 0; border-color:Black; z-index:-1"></div><div style="border:solid transparent;background-color:initial;position:absolute;width:100px;line-height:0;left:100px; top:100px; border-width:100px 0 0 307.76835371753px; border-left-color:Orange"></div> <div style="position:absolute;line-height:0;border-style:solid;left:0;top:0;border-width:0 200px 100px 0;border-color:Orange"></div> <div style="position:absolute;line-height:0;border-style:solid;left:0;top:0;border-width:0 100px 200px 0;border-color:Orange"></div><div style="border:solid transparent;background-color:initial;position:absolute;width:100px;line-height:0;left:100px; top:100px; border-width:100px 0 0 252.57116894473px; border-left-color:Pink"></div> <div style="position:absolute;line-height:0;border-style:solid;left:0;top:0;border-width:0 200px 100px 0;border-color:Pink"></div> <div style="position:absolute;line-height:0;border-style:solid;left:0;top:0;border-width:0 100px 200px 0;border-color:Pink"></div><div style="border:solid transparent;background-color:initial;position:absolute;width:100px;line-height:0;left:100px; top:100px; border-width:100px 0 0 212.51081731572px; border-left-color:Yellow"></div> <div style="position:absolute;line-height:0;border-style:solid;left:0;top:0;border-width:0 200px 100px 0;border-color:Yellow"></div> <div style="position:absolute;line-height:0;border-style:solid;left:0;top:0;border-width:0 100px 200px 0;border-color:Yellow"></div><div style="border:solid transparent;background-color:initial;position:absolute;width:100px;line-height:0;left:100px; top:100px; border-width:100px 0 0 157.57478599687px; border-left-color:White"></div> <div style="position:absolute;line-height:0;border-style:solid;left:0;top:0;border-width:0 200px 100px 0;border-color:White"></div> <div style="position:absolute;line-height:0;border-style:solid;left:0;top:0;border-width:0 100px 200px 0;border-color:White"></div><div style="border:solid transparent;background-color:initial;position:absolute;width:100px;line-height:0;right:100px; top:100px; border-width:72.896862742141px 68.454710592869px 0 0; border-top-color:Lightblue"></div> <div style="position:absolute;line-height:0;border-style:solid;left:0;top:0;border-width:0 200px 100px 0;border-color:Lightblue"></div><div style="border:solid transparent;background-color:initial;position:absolute;width:100px;line-height:0;right:100px; top:100px; border-width:68.454710592869px 72.896862742141px 0 0; border-top-color:Teal"></div> <div style="position:absolute;line-height:0;border-style:solid;left:0;top:0;border-width:0 200px 100px 0;border-color:Teal"></div><div style="border:solid transparent;background-color:initial;position:absolute;width:100px;line-height:0;right:100px; top:100px; border-width:63.742398974869px 77.051324277579px 0 0; border-top-color:Blue"></div> <div style="position:absolute;line-height:0;border-style:solid;left:0;top:0;border-width:0 200px 100px 0;border-color:Blue"></div><div style="border:solid transparent;background-color:initial;position:absolute;width:100px;line-height:0;right:100px; top:0; border-width:0 63.461929754415px 100px 0; border-right-color:Purple"></div> <div style="position:absolute;line-height:0;border-style:solid;right:0;top:0;border-width:0 100px 100px 0;border-color:Purple"></div> </div> <div class="thumbcaption"> Religious self-identification, per <a href="/wiki/Public_Religion_Research_Institute" title="Public Religion Research Institute">Public Religion Research Institute</a>'s 2021 American Values Survey<a href="#cite_note-254">[248]</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959"><div class="legend">  <a href="/wiki/Catholic_Church_in_the_United_States" title="Catholic Church in the United States">Catholicism</a> (34%)</div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959"><div class="legend">  <a href="/wiki/Protestantism_in_the_United_States" title="Protestantism in the United States">Protestantism</a> (27%)</div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959"><div class="legend">  <a href="/wiki/Jehovah%27s_Witnesses" title="Jehovah's Witnesses">Jehovah's Witness</a> (1%)</div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959"><div class="legend">  <a href="/wiki/Mormonism" title="Mormonism">Mormonism</a> (1%)</div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959"><div class="legend">  <a href="/wiki/Irreligion_in_the_United_States" title="Irreligion in the United States">Unaffiliated</a> (28%)</div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959"><div class="legend">  <a href="/wiki/Buddhism_in_the_United_States" title="Buddhism in the United States">Buddhism</a> (2%)</div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959"><div class="legend">  <a href="/wiki/American_Jews" title="American Jews">Judaism</a> (1%)</div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959"><div class="legend">  <a href="/wiki/Hinduism_in_the_United_States" title="Hinduism in the United States">Hinduism</a> (1%)</div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959"><div class="legend">  Other (5%)</div> </div> </div></div> The largest <a href="/wiki/Religious_denomination" title="Religious denomination">religious denominations</a> by number of adherents as a percentage of California's population in 2014 were the Catholic Church with 28 percent, Evangelical Protestants with 20 percent, and Mainline Protestants with 10 percent. Together, all kinds of Protestants accounted for 32 percent. Those unaffiliated with any religion represented 27 percent of the population. The breakdown of other religions is 1% Muslim, 2% Hindu and 2% Buddhist.<a href="#cite_note-pew2014-255">[249]</a> This is a change from 2008, when the population identified their religion with the Catholic Church with 31 percent; Evangelical Protestants with 18 percent; and Mainline Protestants with 14 percent. In 2008, those unaffiliated with any religion represented 21 percent of the population. The breakdown of other religions in 2008 was 0.5% Muslim, 1% Hindu and 2% Buddhist.<a href="#cite_note-256">[250]</a> The <a href="/wiki/American_Jewish_Year_Book" title="American Jewish Year Book">American Jewish Year Book</a> placed the total <a href="/wiki/American_Jews" title="American Jews">Jewish</a> population of California at about 1,194,190 in 2006.<a href="#cite_note-257">[251]</a> According to the <a href="/wiki/Association_of_Religion_Data_Archives" title="Association of Religion Data Archives">Association of Religion Data Archives</a> (ARDA) the largest denominations by adherents in 2010 were the <a href="/wiki/Catholic_Church" title="Catholic Church">Catholic Church</a> with 10,233,334; <a href="/wiki/The_Church_of_Jesus_Christ_of_Latter-day_Saints_in_California" title="The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints in California">The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints</a> with 763,818; and the <a href="/wiki/Southern_Baptist_Convention" title="Southern Baptist Convention">Southern Baptist Convention</a> with 489,953.<a href="#cite_note-www.thearda.com-258">[252]</a> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Cathedral_of_San_Carlos_Borromeo_(cropped2).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Cathedral_of_San_Carlos_Borromeo_%28cropped2%29.jpg/220px-Cathedral_of_San_Carlos_Borromeo_%28cropped2%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="248" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Cathedral_of_San_Carlos_Borromeo_%28cropped2%29.jpg/330px-Cathedral_of_San_Carlos_Borromeo_%28cropped2%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Cathedral_of_San_Carlos_Borromeo_%28cropped2%29.jpg/440px-Cathedral_of_San_Carlos_Borromeo_%28cropped2%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2891" data-file-height="3264" /></a><figcaption>The <a href="/wiki/Cathedral_of_San_Carlos_Borromeo_(Monterey,_California)" title="Cathedral of San Carlos Borromeo (Monterey, California)">Cathedral of San Carlos Borromeo</a> in Monterey, built 1791–94, is the oldest <a href="/wiki/Parish" title="Parish">parish</a> in California.<a href="#cite_note-259">[253]</a></figcaption></figure> California has a large Catholic population due to the large numbers of Mexicans and Central Americans living within its borders. California has twelve dioceses and two archdioceses, the <a href="/wiki/Archdiocese_of_Los_Angeles" class="mw-redirect" title="Archdiocese of Los Angeles">Archdiocese of Los Angeles</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Archdiocese_of_San_Francisco" class="mw-redirect" title="Archdiocese of San Francisco">Archdiocese of San Francisco</a>, the former being the largest archdiocese in the United States. A <a href="/wiki/Pew_Research_Center" title="Pew Research Center">Pew Research Center</a> survey revealed that California is somewhat less religious than the rest of the states: 62 percent of Californians say they are "absolutely certain" of their belief in God, while in the nation 71 percent say so. The survey also revealed 48 percent of Californians say religion is "very important", compared to 56 percent nationally.<a href="#cite_note-Helfland_2008-260">[254]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Culture">Culture</h2></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Culture_of_California" title="Culture of California">Culture of California</a></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Cuisine_of_California" title="Cuisine of California">Cuisine of California</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Hollywood_Sign_(Zuschnitt).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5a/Hollywood_Sign_%28Zuschnitt%29.jpg/220px-Hollywood_Sign_%28Zuschnitt%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="138" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5a/Hollywood_Sign_%28Zuschnitt%29.jpg/330px-Hollywood_Sign_%28Zuschnitt%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5a/Hollywood_Sign_%28Zuschnitt%29.jpg/440px-Hollywood_Sign_%28Zuschnitt%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="11065" data-file-height="6916" /></a><figcaption>The <a href="/wiki/Hollywood_Sign" title="Hollywood Sign">Hollywood Sign</a> in <a href="/wiki/Los_Angeles" title="Los Angeles">Los Angeles</a></figcaption></figure> The culture of California is a <a href="/wiki/Western_culture" title="Western culture">Western culture</a> and has its modern roots in the <a href="/wiki/Culture_of_the_United_States" title="Culture of the United States">culture of the United States</a>, but also, historically, many <a href="/wiki/Hispanic" title="Hispanic">Hispanic</a> <a href="/wiki/Californio" class="mw-redirect" title="Californio">Californio</a> and <a href="/wiki/Culture_of_Mexico" title="Culture of Mexico">Mexican</a> influences. As a border and coastal state, California culture has been greatly influenced by several large immigrant populations, especially those from Latin America and Asia.<a href="#cite_note-World_of_Opportunity-261">[255]</a> California has long been a subject of interest in the public mind and has often been promoted by its boosters as a kind of paradise. In the early 20th century, fueled by the efforts of state, the building projects during the <a href="/wiki/Great_Depression" title="Great Depression">Great Depression</a> and local boosters, many Americans saw the Golden State as an ideal resort destination, sunny and dry all year round with easy access to the ocean and mountains. In the 1960s, popular music groups such as <a href="/wiki/The_Beach_Boys" title="The Beach Boys">the Beach Boys</a> promoted the image of Californians as laid-back, tanned beach-goers. <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Media_and_entertainment">Media and entertainment</h3></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Further information: <a href="/wiki/Media_in_Los_Angeles" title="Media in Los Angeles">Media in Los Angeles</a>, <a href="/wiki/Media_in_the_San_Francisco_Bay_Area" title="Media in the San Francisco Bay Area">Media in the San Francisco Bay Area</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Music_in_California" class="mw-redirect" title="Music in California">Music in California</a></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/List_of_amusement_parks_in_the_Americas#California" title="List of amusement parks in the Americas">List of amusement parks in the Americas § California</a>, <a href="/wiki/List_of_newspapers_in_California" title="List of newspapers in California">List of newspapers in California</a>, and <a href="/wiki/List_of_radio_stations_in_California" title="List of radio stations in California">List of radio stations in California</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Walt_Disney_Studios_Alameda_Entrance.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/32/Walt_Disney_Studios_Alameda_Entrance.jpg/220px-Walt_Disney_Studios_Alameda_Entrance.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/32/Walt_Disney_Studios_Alameda_Entrance.jpg/330px-Walt_Disney_Studios_Alameda_Entrance.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/32/Walt_Disney_Studios_Alameda_Entrance.jpg/440px-Walt_Disney_Studios_Alameda_Entrance.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3829" data-file-height="2088" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/The_Walt_Disney_Company" title="The Walt Disney Company">Disney</a>, headquartered in <a href="/wiki/Burbank,_California" title="Burbank, California">Burbank</a>, is one of the world's largest media and entertainment companies.</figcaption></figure> <a href="/wiki/Hollywood,_Los_Angeles" title="Hollywood, Los Angeles">Hollywood</a> and the rest of the Los Angeles area is a major global center for entertainment, with the <a href="/wiki/Cinema_in_the_United_States" class="mw-redirect" title="Cinema in the United States">U.S. film industry</a>'s <a href="/wiki/Major_film_studio" class="mw-redirect" title="Major film studio">"Big Five" major film studios</a> (<a href="/wiki/Columbia_Pictures" title="Columbia Pictures">Columbia</a>, <a href="/wiki/Walt_Disney_Pictures" title="Walt Disney Pictures">Disney</a>, <a href="/wiki/Paramount_Pictures" title="Paramount Pictures">Paramount</a>, <a href="/wiki/Universal_Pictures" title="Universal Pictures">Universal</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Warner_Bros." title="Warner Bros.">Warner Bros.</a>) as well as many minor film studios being based in or around the area. Many <a href="/wiki/Animation" title="Animation">animation</a> studios are also headquartered in the state. The four major American television commercial broadcast networks (<a href="/wiki/American_Broadcasting_Company" title="American Broadcasting Company">ABC</a>, <a href="/wiki/CBS" title="CBS">CBS</a>, <a href="/wiki/NBC" title="NBC">NBC</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Fox_Broadcasting_Company" title="Fox Broadcasting Company">Fox</a>) as well as other networks all have production facilities and offices in the state. All the four major commercial broadcast networks, plus the two major Spanish-language networks (<a href="/wiki/Telemundo" title="Telemundo">Telemundo</a> and <a href="/wiki/Univision" title="Univision">Univision</a>) each have at least three <a href="/wiki/Owned-and-operated_television_stations_in_the_United_States" title="Owned-and-operated television stations in the United States">owned-and-operated TV stations</a> in California, including at least one in Los Angeles and at least one in San Francisco.<a href="#cite_note-262">[note 7]</a> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Twitter_headquarters_in_San_Francisco_(TK2).JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4e/Twitter_headquarters_in_San_Francisco_%28TK2%29.JPG/220px-Twitter_headquarters_in_San_Francisco_%28TK2%29.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4e/Twitter_headquarters_in_San_Francisco_%28TK2%29.JPG/330px-Twitter_headquarters_in_San_Francisco_%28TK2%29.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4e/Twitter_headquarters_in_San_Francisco_%28TK2%29.JPG/440px-Twitter_headquarters_in_San_Francisco_%28TK2%29.JPG 2x" data-file-width="5760" data-file-height="3840" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Twitter" title="Twitter">Twitter</a>, headquartered in San Francisco, is one of the largest <a href="/wiki/Social_networking_service" title="Social networking service">social media networks</a> in the world.</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:State_Fair_2014.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3c/State_Fair_2014.jpg/220px-State_Fair_2014.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="124" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3c/State_Fair_2014.jpg/330px-State_Fair_2014.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3c/State_Fair_2014.jpg/440px-State_Fair_2014.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2040" data-file-height="1148" /></a><figcaption>The <a href="/wiki/California_State_Fair" title="California State Fair">California State Fair</a> is held annually during the summer at <a href="/wiki/Cal_Expo" class="mw-redirect" title="Cal Expo">Cal Expo</a> in northeastern <a href="/wiki/Sacramento" class="mw-redirect" title="Sacramento">Sacramento</a>.</figcaption></figure> One of the oldest radio stations in the United States still in existence, <a href="/wiki/KCBS_(AM)" title="KCBS (AM)">KCBS (AM)</a> in the <a href="/wiki/Media_in_the_San_Francisco_Bay_Area" title="Media in the San Francisco Bay Area">San Francisco Bay Area</a>, was founded in 1909. <a href="/wiki/Universal_Music_Group" title="Universal Music Group">Universal Music Group</a>, one of the "<a href="/wiki/Music_market" class="mw-redirect" title="Music market">Big Four</a>" record labels, is based in <a href="/wiki/Santa_Monica,_California" title="Santa Monica, California">Santa Monica</a>, while <a href="/wiki/Warner_Records" title="Warner Records">Warner Records</a> is based in <a href="/wiki/Los_Angeles,_California" class="mw-redirect" title="Los Angeles, California">Los Angeles</a>. Many independent record labels, such as <a href="/wiki/Mind_of_a_Genius_Records" title="Mind of a Genius Records">Mind of a Genius Records</a>, are also headquartered in the state. California is also the birthplace of several international music genres, including the <a href="/wiki/Bakersfield_sound" title="Bakersfield sound">Bakersfield sound</a>, <a href="/wiki/Bay_Area_thrash_metal" title="Bay Area thrash metal">Bay Area thrash metal</a>, <a href="/wiki/Alternative_rock" title="Alternative rock">alternative rock</a>, <a href="/wiki/G-funk" title="G-funk">g-funk</a>, <a href="/wiki/Nu_metal" title="Nu metal">nu metal</a>, <a href="/wiki/Glam_metal" title="Glam metal">glam metal</a>, <a href="/wiki/Thrash_metal" title="Thrash metal">thrash metal</a>, <a href="/wiki/Psychedelic_rock" title="Psychedelic rock">psychedelic rock</a>, <a href="/wiki/Stoner_rock" title="Stoner rock">stoner rock</a>, <a href="/wiki/Punk_rock" title="Punk rock">punk rock</a>, <a href="/wiki/Hardcore_punk" title="Hardcore punk">hardcore punk</a>, <a href="/wiki/Metalcore" title="Metalcore">metalcore</a>, <a href="/wiki/Pop_punk" class="mw-redirect" title="Pop punk">pop punk</a>, <a href="/wiki/Surf_music" title="Surf music">surf music</a>, <a href="/wiki/Third_wave_ska" class="mw-redirect" title="Third wave ska">third wave ska</a>, <a href="/wiki/West_coast_hip_hop" class="mw-redirect" title="West coast hip hop">west coast hip hop</a>, <a href="/wiki/West_coast_jazz" class="mw-redirect" title="West coast jazz">west coast jazz</a>, <a href="/wiki/Jazz_rap" title="Jazz rap">jazz rap</a>, and many other genres. Other genres such as <a href="/wiki/Pop_rock" title="Pop rock">pop rock</a>, <a href="/wiki/Indie_rock" title="Indie rock">indie rock</a>, <a href="/wiki/Hard_rock" title="Hard rock">hard rock</a>, <a href="/wiki/Hip_hop" class="mw-redirect" title="Hip hop">hip hop</a>, <a href="/wiki/Pop_music" title="Pop music">pop</a>, <a href="/wiki/Rock_music" title="Rock music">rock</a>, <a href="/wiki/Rockabilly" title="Rockabilly">rockabilly</a>, <a href="/wiki/Country_music" title="Country music">country</a>, <a href="/wiki/Heavy_metal_music" title="Heavy metal music">heavy metal</a>, <a href="/wiki/Grunge" title="Grunge">grunge</a>, <a href="/wiki/New_wave_music" title="New wave music">new wave</a> and <a href="/wiki/Disco" title="Disco">disco</a> were popularized in the state. In addition, many British bands, such as <a href="/wiki/Led_Zeppelin" title="Led Zeppelin">Led Zeppelin</a>, <a href="/wiki/Deep_Purple" title="Deep Purple">Deep Purple</a>, <a href="/wiki/Black_Sabbath" title="Black Sabbath">Black Sabbath</a>, and <a href="/wiki/The_Rolling_Stones" title="The Rolling Stones">the Rolling Stones</a> settled in the state after becoming internationally famous. As the home of <a href="/wiki/Silicon_Valley" title="Silicon Valley">Silicon Valley</a>, the Bay Area is the headquarters of several prominent <a href="/wiki/Internet_media" class="mw-redirect" title="Internet media">internet media</a>, <a href="/wiki/Social_media" title="Social media">social media</a>, and other technology companies. Three of the <a href="/wiki/Big_Tech" title="Big Tech">"Big Five" technology companies</a> (<a href="/wiki/Apple_Inc." title="Apple Inc.">Apple</a>, <a href="/wiki/Meta_Platforms" title="Meta Platforms">Meta</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Google" title="Google">Google</a>) are based in the area as well as other services such as <a href="/wiki/Netflix" title="Netflix">Netflix</a>, <a href="/wiki/Pandora_Radio" class="mw-redirect" title="Pandora Radio">Pandora Radio</a>, <a href="/wiki/Twitter" title="Twitter">Twitter</a>, <a href="/wiki/Yahoo!" class="mw-redirect" title="Yahoo!">Yahoo!</a>, and <a href="/wiki/YouTube" title="YouTube">YouTube</a>. Other prominent companies that are headquartered here include <a href="/wiki/HP_inc." class="mw-redirect" title="HP inc.">HP inc.</a> and <a href="/wiki/Intel" title="Intel">Intel</a>. <a href="/wiki/Microsoft" title="Microsoft">Microsoft</a> and <a href="/wiki/Amazon_(company)" title="Amazon (company)">Amazon</a> also have offices in the area. California, particularly <a href="/wiki/Southern_California" title="Southern California">Southern California</a>,<a href="#cite_note-263">[256]</a> is considered the birthplace of modern <a href="/wiki/Car_culture" class="mw-redirect" title="Car culture">car culture</a>.<a href="#cite_note-264">[257]</a> Several <a href="/wiki/Fast_food" title="Fast food">fast food</a>, <a href="/wiki/Fast_casual_restaurant" title="Fast casual restaurant">fast casual</a>, and <a href="/wiki/List_of_casual_dining_restaurant_chains" title="List of casual dining restaurant chains">casual dining</a> chains were also founded California, including some that have since expanded internationally like <a href="/wiki/California_Pizza_Kitchen" title="California Pizza Kitchen">California Pizza Kitchen</a>, <a href="/wiki/Denny%27s" title="Denny's">Denny's</a>, <a href="/wiki/IHOP" title="IHOP">IHOP</a>, <a href="/wiki/McDonald%27s" title="McDonald's">McDonald's</a>, <a href="/wiki/Panda_Express" title="Panda Express">Panda Express</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Taco_Bell" title="Taco Bell">Taco Bell</a>. <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Sports">Sports</h3></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Sports_in_California" title="Sports in California">Sports in California</a></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/List_of_professional_sports_teams_in_California" title="List of professional sports teams in California">List of professional sports teams in California</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Pebble-Beach-CA.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/89/Pebble-Beach-CA.jpg/220px-Pebble-Beach-CA.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/89/Pebble-Beach-CA.jpg/330px-Pebble-Beach-CA.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/89/Pebble-Beach-CA.jpg/440px-Pebble-Beach-CA.jpg 2x" data-file-width="720" data-file-height="480" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Pebble_Beach_Golf_Links" title="Pebble Beach Golf Links">Pebble Beach Golf Links</a>, one of the best ranked <a href="/wiki/Golf_course" title="Golf course">golf courses</a> in the world</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:LBGP05.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9b/LBGP05.jpg/220px-LBGP05.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="98" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9b/LBGP05.jpg/330px-LBGP05.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9b/LBGP05.jpg/440px-LBGP05.jpg 2x" data-file-width="800" data-file-height="355" /></a><figcaption>The <a href="/wiki/Grand_Prix_of_Long_Beach" title="Grand Prix of Long Beach">Grand Prix of Long Beach</a> is the longest running major <a href="/wiki/Street_race" class="mw-redirect" title="Street race">street race</a> in North America.</figcaption></figure> California has nineteen <a href="/wiki/Major_professional_sports_leagues_in_the_United_States_and_Canada" title="Major professional sports leagues in the United States and Canada">major professional sports league</a> franchises, far more than any other state. The <a href="/wiki/San_Francisco_Bay_Area" title="San Francisco Bay Area">San Francisco Bay Area</a> has six major league teams spread in its three major cities: San Francisco, San Jose, and Oakland, while the <a href="/wiki/Greater_Los_Angeles_Area" class="mw-redirect" title="Greater Los Angeles Area">Greater Los Angeles Area</a> is home to ten major league franchises. San Diego and Sacramento each have one major league team. The NFL <a href="/wiki/Super_Bowl" title="Super Bowl">Super Bowl</a> has been hosted in California 12 times at five different stadiums: <a href="/wiki/Los_Angeles_Memorial_Coliseum" title="Los Angeles Memorial Coliseum">Los Angeles Memorial Coliseum</a>, the Rose Bowl, Stanford Stadium, <a href="/wiki/Levi%27s_Stadium" title="Levi's Stadium">Levi's Stadium</a>, and <a href="/wiki/San_Diego_Stadium" title="San Diego Stadium">San Diego Stadium</a>. A thirteenth, <a href="/wiki/Super_Bowl_LVI" title="Super Bowl LVI">Super Bowl LVI</a>, was held at <a href="/wiki/SoFi_Stadium" title="SoFi Stadium">SoFi Stadium</a> in <a href="/wiki/Inglewood,_California" title="Inglewood, California">Inglewood</a> on February 13, 2022.<a href="#cite_note-265">[258]</a> California has long had many respected collegiate sports programs. California is home to the oldest college bowl game, the annual <a href="/wiki/Rose_Bowl_Game" title="Rose Bowl Game">Rose Bowl</a>, among others. The <a href="/wiki/National_Football_League" title="National Football League">NFL</a> has three teams in the state: the <a href="/wiki/Los_Angeles_Rams" title="Los Angeles Rams">Los Angeles Rams</a>, <a href="/wiki/Los_Angeles_Chargers" title="Los Angeles Chargers">Los Angeles Chargers</a>, and <a href="/wiki/San_Francisco_49ers" title="San Francisco 49ers">San Francisco 49ers</a>. <a href="/wiki/Major_League_Baseball" title="Major League Baseball">MLB</a> has five teams in the state: the <a href="/wiki/San_Francisco_Giants" title="San Francisco Giants">San Francisco Giants</a>, <a href="/wiki/Oakland_Athletics" title="Oakland Athletics">Oakland Athletics</a>, <a href="/wiki/Los_Angeles_Dodgers" title="Los Angeles Dodgers">Los Angeles Dodgers</a>, <a href="/wiki/Los_Angeles_Angels" title="Los Angeles Angels">Los Angeles Angels</a>, and <a href="/wiki/San_Diego_Padres" title="San Diego Padres">San Diego Padres</a>.<a href="#cite_note-266">[259]</a> The <a href="/wiki/National_Basketball_Association" title="National Basketball Association">NBA</a> has four teams in the state: the <a href="/wiki/Golden_State_Warriors" title="Golden State Warriors">Golden State Warriors</a>, <a href="/wiki/Los_Angeles_Clippers" title="Los Angeles Clippers">Los Angeles Clippers</a>, <a href="/wiki/Los_Angeles_Lakers" title="Los Angeles Lakers">Los Angeles Lakers</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Sacramento_Kings" title="Sacramento Kings">Sacramento Kings</a>. Additionally, the <a href="/wiki/Women%27s_National_Basketball_Association" title="Women's National Basketball Association">WNBA</a> also has one team in the state: the <a href="/wiki/Los_Angeles_Sparks" title="Los Angeles Sparks">Los Angeles Sparks</a>. The <a href="/wiki/National_Hockey_League" title="National Hockey League">NHL</a> has three teams in the state: the <a href="/wiki/Anaheim_Ducks" title="Anaheim Ducks">Anaheim Ducks</a>, <a href="/wiki/Los_Angeles_Kings" title="Los Angeles Kings">Los Angeles Kings</a>, and <a href="/wiki/San_Jose_Sharks" title="San Jose Sharks">San Jose Sharks</a>. <a href="/wiki/Major_League_Soccer" title="Major League Soccer">MLS</a> has three teams in the state: the <a href="/wiki/Los_Angeles_Galaxy" class="mw-redirect" title="Los Angeles Galaxy">Los Angeles Galaxy</a>, <a href="/wiki/San_Jose_Earthquakes" title="San Jose Earthquakes">San Jose Earthquakes</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Los_Angeles_FC" title="Los Angeles FC">Los Angeles FC</a>. <a href="/wiki/Major_League_Rugby" title="Major League Rugby">MLR</a> has one team in the state: the <a href="/wiki/San_Diego_Legion" title="San Diego Legion">San Diego Legion</a>. California is the only U.S. state to have hosted both the <a href="/wiki/Summer_Olympic_Games" title="Summer Olympic Games">Summer</a> and <a href="/wiki/Winter_Olympic_Games" title="Winter Olympic Games">Winter</a> Olympics. The <a href="/wiki/1932_Summer_Olympics" title="1932 Summer Olympics">1932</a> and <a href="/wiki/1984_Summer_Olympics" title="1984 Summer Olympics">1984</a> summer games were held in <a href="/wiki/Los_Angeles" title="Los Angeles">Los Angeles</a>. Squaw Valley Ski Resort (now <a href="/wiki/Palisades_Tahoe" title="Palisades Tahoe">Palisades Tahoe</a>) in the Lake Tahoe region hosted the <a href="/wiki/1960_Winter_Olympics" title="1960 Winter Olympics">1960 Winter Olympics</a>. Los Angeles will host the <a href="/wiki/2028_Summer_Olympics" title="2028 Summer Olympics">2028 Summer Olympics</a>, marking the fourth time that California will have hosted the Olympic Games.<a href="#cite_note-267">[260]</a> Multiple games during the <a href="/wiki/1994_FIFA_World_Cup" title="1994 FIFA World Cup">1994 FIFA World Cup</a> took place in California, with the <a href="/wiki/Rose_Bowl_Stadium" class="mw-redirect" title="Rose Bowl Stadium">Rose Bowl</a> hosting eight matches (including the <a href="/wiki/1994_FIFA_World_Cup_Final" class="mw-redirect" title="1994 FIFA World Cup Final">final</a>), while <a href="/wiki/Stanford_Stadium" title="Stanford Stadium">Stanford Stadium</a> hosted six matches. In addition to the Olympic games, California also hosts the <a href="/wiki/California_State_Games" title="California State Games">California State Games</a>. Many sports, such as <a href="/wiki/Surfing" title="Surfing">surfing</a>, <a href="/wiki/Snowboarding" title="Snowboarding">snowboarding</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Skateboarding" title="Skateboarding">skateboarding</a>, were invented in California, while others like <a href="/wiki/Volleyball" title="Volleyball">volleyball</a>, <a href="/wiki/Beach_soccer" title="Beach soccer">beach soccer</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Skiing" title="Skiing">skiing</a> were popularized in the state. Other sports that are big in the state include <a href="/wiki/Golf" title="Golf">golf</a>, <a href="/wiki/Rodeo" title="Rodeo">rodeo</a>, <a href="/wiki/Tennis" title="Tennis">tennis</a>, <a href="/wiki/Mountain_climbing" class="mw-redirect" title="Mountain climbing">mountain climbing</a>, <a href="/wiki/Marathon" title="Marathon">marathon running</a>, <a href="/wiki/Horse_racing" title="Horse racing">horse racing</a>, <a href="/wiki/Bowling" title="Bowling">bowling</a>, <a href="/wiki/Mixed_martial_arts" title="Mixed martial arts">mixed martial arts</a>, <a href="/wiki/Boxing" title="Boxing">boxing</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Motorsports" class="mw-redirect" title="Motorsports">motorsports</a>, especially <a href="/wiki/NASCAR" title="NASCAR">NASCAR</a> and <a href="/wiki/Formula_One" title="Formula One">Formula One</a>. <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:The_%22Olympic_Gateway%22_arch_and_male_and_female_statues_at_the_entrance_to_the_Los_Angeles_Memorial_Coliseum,_Los_Angeles,_California_LCCN2013631630.tif" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/The_%22Olympic_Gateway%22_arch_and_male_and_female_statues_at_the_entrance_to_the_Los_Angeles_Memorial_Coliseum%2C_Los_Angeles%2C_California_LCCN2013631630.tif/lossy-page1-220px-The_%22Olympic_Gateway%22_arch_and_male_and_female_statues_at_the_entrance_to_the_Los_Angeles_Memorial_Coliseum%2C_Los_Angeles%2C_California_LCCN2013631630.tif.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="309" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/The_%22Olympic_Gateway%22_arch_and_male_and_female_statues_at_the_entrance_to_the_Los_Angeles_Memorial_Coliseum%2C_Los_Angeles%2C_California_LCCN2013631630.tif/lossy-page1-330px-The_%22Olympic_Gateway%22_arch_and_male_and_female_statues_at_the_entrance_to_the_Los_Angeles_Memorial_Coliseum%2C_Los_Angeles%2C_California_LCCN2013631630.tif.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/The_%22Olympic_Gateway%22_arch_and_male_and_female_statues_at_the_entrance_to_the_Los_Angeles_Memorial_Coliseum%2C_Los_Angeles%2C_California_LCCN2013631630.tif/lossy-page1-440px-The_%22Olympic_Gateway%22_arch_and_male_and_female_statues_at_the_entrance_to_the_Los_Angeles_Memorial_Coliseum%2C_Los_Angeles%2C_California_LCCN2013631630.tif.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4683" data-file-height="6578" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Los_Angeles_Memorial_Coliseum" title="Los Angeles Memorial Coliseum">Los Angeles Memorial Coliseum</a> hosted the <a href="/wiki/Summer_Olympics" class="mw-redirect" title="Summer Olympics">Summer Olympics</a> in <a href="/wiki/1932_Summer_Olympics" title="1932 Summer Olympics">1932</a> and <a href="/wiki/1984_Summer_Olympics" title="1984 Summer Olympics">1984</a>, and will also host in <a href="/wiki/2028_Summer_Olympics" title="2028 Summer Olympics">2028</a>.</figcaption></figure> <table class="wikitable sortable"> <tbody><tr> <th>Team </th> <th>Sport </th> <th>League </th></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Los_Angeles_Rams" title="Los Angeles Rams">Los Angeles Rams</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/American_football" title="American football">American football</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/National_Football_League" title="National Football League">National Football League</a> (NFL) </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Los_Angeles_Chargers" title="Los Angeles Chargers">Los Angeles Chargers</a> </td> <td>American football </td> <td>National Football League </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/San_Francisco_49ers" title="San Francisco 49ers">San Francisco 49ers</a> </td> <td>American football </td> <td>National Football League </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Los_Angeles_Dodgers" title="Los Angeles Dodgers">Los Angeles Dodgers</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Baseball" title="Baseball">Baseball</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Major_League_Baseball" title="Major League Baseball">Major League Baseball</a> (MLB) </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Los_Angeles_Angels" title="Los Angeles Angels">Los Angeles Angels</a> </td> <td>Baseball </td> <td>Major League Baseball </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Oakland_Athletics" title="Oakland Athletics">Oakland Athletics</a> </td> <td>Baseball </td> <td>Major League Baseball </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/San_Diego_Padres" title="San Diego Padres">San Diego Padres</a> </td> <td>Baseball </td> <td>Major League Baseball </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/San_Francisco_Giants" title="San Francisco Giants">San Francisco Giants</a> </td> <td>Baseball </td> <td>Major League Baseball </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Golden_State_Warriors" title="Golden State Warriors">Golden State Warriors</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Basketball" title="Basketball">Basketball</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/National_Basketball_Association" title="National Basketball Association">National Basketball Association</a> (NBA) </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Los_Angeles_Clippers" title="Los Angeles Clippers">Los Angeles Clippers</a> </td> <td>Basketball </td> <td>National Basketball Association </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Los_Angeles_Lakers" title="Los Angeles Lakers">Los Angeles Lakers</a> </td> <td>Basketball </td> <td>National Basketball Association </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Sacramento_Kings" title="Sacramento Kings">Sacramento Kings</a> </td> <td>Basketball </td> <td>National Basketball Association </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Los_Angeles_Sparks" title="Los Angeles Sparks">Los Angeles Sparks</a> </td> <td>Basketball </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Women%27s_National_Basketball_Association" title="Women's National Basketball Association">Women's National Basketball Association</a> (WNBA) </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Anaheim_Ducks" title="Anaheim Ducks">Anaheim Ducks</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Ice_hockey" title="Ice hockey">Ice hockey</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/National_Hockey_League" title="National Hockey League">National Hockey League</a> (NHL) </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Los_Angeles_Kings" title="Los Angeles Kings">Los Angeles Kings</a> </td> <td>Ice hockey </td> <td>National Hockey League </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/San_Jose_Sharks" title="San Jose Sharks">San Jose Sharks</a> </td> <td>Ice hockey </td> <td>National Hockey League </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Los_Angeles_Galaxy" class="mw-redirect" title="Los Angeles Galaxy">Los Angeles Galaxy</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Association_football" title="Association football">Soccer</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Major_League_Soccer" title="Major League Soccer">Major League Soccer</a> (MLS) </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/San_Jose_Earthquakes" title="San Jose Earthquakes">San Jose Earthquakes</a> </td> <td>Soccer </td> <td>Major League Soccer </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Los_Angeles_Football_Club" class="mw-redirect" title="Los Angeles Football Club">Los Angeles Football Club</a> </td> <td>Soccer </td> <td>Major League Soccer </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Angel_City_FC" title="Angel City FC">Angel City FC</a> </td> <td>Soccer </td> <td><a href="/wiki/National_Women%27s_Soccer_League" title="National Women's Soccer League">National Women's Soccer League</a> (NWSL) </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/San_Diego_Wave_FC" title="San Diego Wave FC">San Diego Wave FC</a> </td> <td>Soccer </td> <td>National Women's Soccer League </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/San_Diego_Legion" title="San Diego Legion">San Diego Legion</a> </td> <td>Rugby union </td> <td>Major League Rugby </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Education">Education</h2></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Education_in_California" title="Education in California">Education in California</a></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Spanish_bilingual_education_in_California" title="Spanish bilingual education in California">Spanish bilingual education in California</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Santa_Barbara_Senior_High_School_(cropped).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c8/Santa_Barbara_Senior_High_School_%28cropped%29.jpg/220px-Santa_Barbara_Senior_High_School_%28cropped%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="119" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c8/Santa_Barbara_Senior_High_School_%28cropped%29.jpg/330px-Santa_Barbara_Senior_High_School_%28cropped%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c8/Santa_Barbara_Senior_High_School_%28cropped%29.jpg/440px-Santa_Barbara_Senior_High_School_%28cropped%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4687" data-file-height="2540" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Santa_Barbara_High_School" title="Santa Barbara High School">Santa Barbara High School</a>, one of the oldest high schools in continuous use in Southern California</figcaption></figure> California has the most school students in the country, with over 6.2 million in the 2005–06 school year, giving California more students in school than 36 states have in total population and one of the highest projected enrollments in the country.<a href="#cite_note-268">[261]</a> Public <a href="/wiki/Secondary_education_in_the_United_States" title="Secondary education in the United States">secondary education</a> consists of <a href="/wiki/High_schools_in_California" class="mw-redirect" title="High schools in California">high schools</a> that teach elective courses in trades, languages, and liberal arts with tracks for gifted, college-bound and industrial arts students. California's public educational system is supported by a <a href="/wiki/California_Proposition_98_(1988)" class="mw-redirect" title="California Proposition 98 (1988)">unique constitutional amendment</a> that requires a minimum annual funding level for grades K–12 and <a href="/wiki/List_of_California_Community_Colleges" title="List of California Community Colleges">community colleges</a> that grows with the economy and student enrollment figures.<a href="#cite_note-Prop_98-269">[262]</a> In 2016, California's K–12 public school per-pupil spending was ranked 22nd in the nation ($11,500 per student vs. $11,800 for the U.S. average).<a href="#cite_note-Governing_State_Ed_data-270">[263]</a> For 2012, California's K–12 public schools ranked 48th in the number of employees per student, at 0.102 (the U.S. average was 0.137), while paying the 7th most per employee, $49,000 (the U.S. average was $39,000).<a href="#cite_note-Urban_study-271">[264]</a><a href="#cite_note-Urban_study_notes-272">[265]</a><a href="#cite_note-MN_state_comparison-273">[266]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Higher_education">Higher education</h3></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/List_of_colleges_and_universities_in_California" title="List of colleges and universities in California">List of colleges and universities in California</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Berkeley_glade_afternoon.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/24/Berkeley_glade_afternoon.jpg/220px-Berkeley_glade_afternoon.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/24/Berkeley_glade_afternoon.jpg/330px-Berkeley_glade_afternoon.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/24/Berkeley_glade_afternoon.jpg/440px-Berkeley_glade_afternoon.jpg 2x" data-file-width="640" data-file-height="480" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/University_of_California,_Berkeley" title="University of California, Berkeley">UC Berkeley</a> is the oldest campus of the <a href="/wiki/University_of_California" title="University of California">University of California</a>, and the state's flagship public university.</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Stanford_University_Main_Quad_-_7_June_2009.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4d/Stanford_University_Main_Quad_-_7_June_2009.jpg/220px-Stanford_University_Main_Quad_-_7_June_2009.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="150" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4d/Stanford_University_Main_Quad_-_7_June_2009.jpg/330px-Stanford_University_Main_Quad_-_7_June_2009.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4d/Stanford_University_Main_Quad_-_7_June_2009.jpg/440px-Stanford_University_Main_Quad_-_7_June_2009.jpg 2x" data-file-width="5450" data-file-height="3726" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Stanford_University" title="Stanford University">Stanford University</a> is a private university that is one of the top-ranked universities in the world.<a href="#cite_note-274">[267]</a></figcaption></figure> California public <a href="/wiki/Postsecondary_education" class="mw-redirect" title="Postsecondary education">postsecondary education</a> is organized into three separate systems: <ul><li>The state's <a href="/wiki/Public_university" title="Public university">public</a> <a href="/wiki/Research_university" title="Research university">research university</a> <a href="/wiki/State_university_system" title="State university system">system</a> is the <a href="/wiki/University_of_California" title="University of California">University of California</a> (UC). As of fall 2011, the University of California had a combined <a href="/wiki/Student" title="Student">student</a> body of 234,464 students.<a href="#cite_note-About-275">[268]</a> There are ten UC campuses; nine are general campuses offering both undergraduate and graduate programs which culminate in the award of bachelor's degrees, master's degrees, and doctorates; there is one specialized campus, <a href="/wiki/UC_San_Francisco" class="mw-redirect" title="UC San Francisco">UC San Francisco</a>, which is entirely dedicated to graduate education in <a href="/wiki/Health_care_in_California" class="mw-redirect" title="Health care in California">health care</a>, and is home to the <a href="/wiki/UCSF_Medical_Center" class="mw-redirect" title="UCSF Medical Center">UCSF Medical Center</a>, the highest-ranked <a href="/wiki/Hospitals_in_California" class="mw-redirect" title="Hospitals in California">hospital in California</a>.<a href="#cite_note-276">[269]</a> The system was originally intended to accept the top one-eighth of California high school students, but several of the campuses have become even more selective.<a href="#cite_note-277">[270]</a><a href="#cite_note-278">[271]</a><a href="#cite_note-Powell-279">[272]</a> The UC system historically held exclusive authority to award the doctorate, but this has since changed and CSU now has limited statutory authorization to award a handful of types of doctoral degrees independently of UC.</li> <li>The <a href="/wiki/California_State_University" title="California State University">California State University</a> (CSU) system has almost 430,000 students. The CSU (which takes the definite article in its abbreviated form, while UC does not) was originally intended to accept the top one-third of California high school students, but several of the campuses have become much more selective.<a href="#cite_note-Powell-279">[272]</a><a href="#cite_note-280">[273]</a> The CSU was originally authorized to award only bachelor's and master's degrees, and could award the doctorate only as part of joint programs with UC or private universities. Since then, CSU has been granted the authority to independently award several doctoral degrees (in specific academic fields that do not intrude upon UC's traditional jurisdiction).</li> <li>The <a href="/wiki/California_Community_Colleges" title="California Community Colleges">California Community Colleges</a> system provides lower-division coursework culminating in the associate degree, as well as basic skills and workforce training culminating in various kinds of certificates. (Fifteen California community colleges now award four-year bachelor's degrees in disciplines which are in high demand in their geographical area.<a href="#cite_note-281">[274]</a>) It is the largest network of higher education in the U.S., composed of 112 colleges serving a student population of over 2.6 million.</li></ul> California is also home to notable private universities such as <a href="/wiki/Stanford_University" title="Stanford University">Stanford University</a>, the <a href="/wiki/California_Institute_of_Technology" title="California Institute of Technology">California Institute of Technology</a> (Caltech), the <a href="/wiki/University_of_Southern_California" title="University of Southern California">University of Southern California</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Claremont_Colleges" title="Claremont Colleges">Claremont Colleges</a>, <a href="/wiki/Santa_Clara_University" title="Santa Clara University">Santa Clara University</a>, <a href="/wiki/Loyola_Marymount_University" title="Loyola Marymount University">Loyola Marymount University</a>, the <a href="/wiki/University_of_San_Diego" title="University of San Diego">University of San Diego</a>, the <a href="/wiki/University_of_San_Francisco" title="University of San Francisco">University of San Francisco</a>, <a href="/wiki/Chapman_University" title="Chapman University">Chapman University</a>, <a href="/wiki/Pepperdine_University" title="Pepperdine University">Pepperdine University</a>, <a href="/wiki/Occidental_College" title="Occidental College">Occidental College</a>, and <a href="/wiki/University_of_the_Pacific_(United_States)" title="University of the Pacific (United States)">University of the Pacific</a>, among numerous other private colleges and universities, including many religious and special-purpose institutions. California has a particularly high density of arts colleges, including the <a href="/wiki/California_College_of_the_Arts" title="California College of the Arts">California College of the Arts</a>, <a href="/wiki/California_Institute_of_the_Arts" title="California Institute of the Arts">California Institute of the Arts</a>, <a href="/wiki/San_Francisco_Art_Institute" title="San Francisco Art Institute">San Francisco Art Institute</a>, <a href="/wiki/Art_Center_College_of_Design" class="mw-redirect" title="Art Center College of Design">Art Center College of Design</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Academy_of_Art_University" title="Academy of Art University">Academy of Art University</a>, among others. <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Economy">Economy</h2></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Economy_of_California" title="Economy of California">Economy of California</a></div> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:SJ_skyline_at_night_horizontal.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/85/SJ_skyline_at_night_horizontal.jpg/280px-SJ_skyline_at_night_horizontal.jpg" decoding="async" width="280" height="88" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/85/SJ_skyline_at_night_horizontal.jpg/420px-SJ_skyline_at_night_horizontal.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/85/SJ_skyline_at_night_horizontal.jpg/560px-SJ_skyline_at_night_horizontal.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4148" data-file-height="1304" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Silicon_Valley" title="Silicon Valley">Silicon Valley</a> is the largest <a href="/wiki/List_of_technology_centers" title="List of technology centers">tech hub</a> in the world and home to <a href="/wiki/Big_Tech" title="Big Tech">Big Tech</a> companies like <a href="/wiki/Apple_Inc." title="Apple Inc.">Apple</a>, <a href="/wiki/Alphabet_Inc." title="Alphabet Inc.">Alphabet</a>, <a href="/wiki/Meta_Platforms,_Inc." class="mw-redirect" title="Meta Platforms, Inc.">Meta</a>, <a href="/wiki/Nvidia_Corporation" class="mw-redirect" title="Nvidia Corporation">Nvidia</a>, <a href="/wiki/Intel_Corporation" class="mw-redirect" title="Intel Corporation">Intel</a>, <a href="/wiki/HP_Inc." title="HP Inc.">HP</a>, <a href="/wiki/Netflix,_Inc." title="Netflix, Inc.">Netflix, Inc.</a>, <a href="/wiki/Uber_Technologies,_Inc." class="mw-redirect" title="Uber Technologies, Inc.">Uber</a>, and many more.</figcaption></figure> California's economy ranks among the largest in the world. As of 2024<a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=California&action=edit">[update]</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Gross_state_product" class="mw-redirect" title="Gross state product">gross state product</a> (GSP) is $4.0 <a href="/wiki/1000000000000_(number)" class="mw-redirect" title="1000000000000 (number)">trillion</a> ($102,500 per capita), the largest in the <a href="/wiki/United_States" title="United States">United States</a>. <a href="#cite_note-GDPByState-17">[15]</a> California is responsible for one seventh of the nation's gross domestic product (GDP).<a href="#cite_note-gdp-282">[275]</a> As of 2018<a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=California&action=edit">[update]</a>, California's nominal GDP is larger than all but four countries.<a href="#cite_note-ccsce-283">[276]</a> In terms of <a href="/wiki/Purchasing_power_parity" title="Purchasing power parity">purchasing power parity</a> (PPP),<a href="#cite_note-8large-284">[277]</a> it is larger than all but eight countries.<a href="#cite_note-worldbank2012-285">[278]</a> California's economy is larger than <a href="/wiki/Economy_of_Africa" title="Economy of Africa">Africa</a> and <a href="/wiki/Economy_of_Australia" title="Economy of Australia">Australia</a> and is almost as large as <a href="/wiki/Economy_of_South_America" title="Economy of South America">South America</a>.<a href="#cite_note-286">[279]</a> The state recorded total, non-farm employment of 16,677,800<a href="#cite_note-bls.gov-287">[280]</a> as of September 2021<a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=California&action=edit">[update]</a> among 966,224 employer establishments.<a href="#cite_note-288">[281]</a> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:The_port_of_Long_Beach_2_by_Don_Ramey_Logan.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/The_port_of_Long_Beach_2_by_Don_Ramey_Logan.jpg/220px-The_port_of_Long_Beach_2_by_Don_Ramey_Logan.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="138" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/The_port_of_Long_Beach_2_by_Don_Ramey_Logan.jpg/330px-The_port_of_Long_Beach_2_by_Don_Ramey_Logan.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/The_port_of_Long_Beach_2_by_Don_Ramey_Logan.jpg/440px-The_port_of_Long_Beach_2_by_Don_Ramey_Logan.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3858" data-file-height="2417" /></a><figcaption>The combined <a href="/wiki/Port_of_Los_Angeles" title="Port of Los Angeles">Port of Los Angeles</a>-<a href="/wiki/Port_of_Long_Beach" title="Port of Long Beach">Port of Long Beach</a> is the largest port in the U.S. by import volume and one of the <a href="/wiki/List_of_busiest_container_ports" title="List of busiest container ports">busiest ports in the world</a>.</figcaption></figure> As the largest and second-largest U.S. ports respectively, the <a href="/wiki/Port_of_Los_Angeles" title="Port of Los Angeles">Port of Los Angeles</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Port_of_Long_Beach" title="Port of Long Beach">Port of Long Beach</a> in Southern California collectively play a pivotal role in the global supply chain, together hauling in about 40% of all imports to the United States by <a href="/wiki/Twenty-foot_equivalent_units" class="mw-redirect" title="Twenty-foot equivalent units">TEU</a> volume.<a href="#cite_note-Karlamangla-22">[20]</a> The <a href="/wiki/Port_of_Oakland" title="Port of Oakland">Port of Oakland</a> and <a href="/wiki/Port_of_Hueneme" title="Port of Hueneme">Port of Hueneme</a> are the 10th and 26th largest seaports in the U.S., respectively, by number of TEUs handled.<a href="#cite_note-Burnson-289">[282]</a> The five largest sectors of employment in California are trade, transportation, and utilities; government; professional and business services; education and health services; and leisure and hospitality. In output, the five largest sectors are financial services, followed by trade, transportation, and utilities; education and health services; government; and manufacturing.<a href="#cite_note-290">[283]</a> California has an <a href="/wiki/California_unemployment_statistics" title="California unemployment statistics">unemployment</a> rate of 3.9% as of September 2022<a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=California&action=edit">[update]</a>.<a href="#cite_note-bls.gov-287">[280]</a> California's economy is dependent on trade and international related commerce accounts for about one-quarter of the state's economy, and representing 7% of their GDP; California's biggest trade partner is Mexico. In 2008, California exported $144 billion worth of goods, up from $134 billion in 2007 and $127 billion in 2006.<a href="#cite_note-Cal_Trade_Statistics_2008-291">[284]</a> Vehicles, computers and electronic products are California's top export, accounting for 42 percent of all the state's exports in 2008; over 50 car companies operate in California, such as <a href="/wiki/Tesla,_Inc." title="Tesla, Inc.">Tesla</a> and <a href="/wiki/Mazda" title="Mazda">Mazda</a>.<a href="#cite_note-Cal_Trade_Statistics_2008-291">[284]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Agriculture">Agriculture</h3></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Agriculture_in_California" title="Agriculture in California">Agriculture in California</a></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Further information: <a href="/wiki/Strawberry_cultivation_in_California" title="Strawberry cultivation in California">Strawberry cultivation in California</a>, <a href="/wiki/Production_of_peaches_in_California" title="Production of peaches in California">Production of peaches in California</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Walnuts_in_California" title="Walnuts in California">Walnuts in California</a></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/California_nut_crimes" title="California nut crimes">California nut crimes</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Autumn_in_Napa_Valley_vineyards.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/85/Autumn_in_Napa_Valley_vineyards.jpg/220px-Autumn_in_Napa_Valley_vineyards.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/85/Autumn_in_Napa_Valley_vineyards.jpg/330px-Autumn_in_Napa_Valley_vineyards.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/85/Autumn_in_Napa_Valley_vineyards.jpg/440px-Autumn_in_Napa_Valley_vineyards.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3456" data-file-height="2304" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/California_wine" title="California wine">California vineyards</a> in <a href="/wiki/Wine_Country" title="Wine Country">Wine Country</a>. The <a href="/wiki/Agriculture_in_California" title="Agriculture in California">agricultural industry in California</a> is the largest <a href="/wiki/Agriculture_in_the_United_States" title="Agriculture in the United States">in the U.S.</a></figcaption></figure> Agriculture is an important sector in California's economy. According to the <a href="/wiki/United_States_Department_of_Agriculture" title="United States Department of Agriculture">USDA</a> in 2011, the three largest California agricultural products by value were <a href="/wiki/California_dairy_industry" title="California dairy industry">milk and cream</a>, shelled <a href="/wiki/Almond_cultivation_in_California" title="Almond cultivation in California">almonds</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Grape_cultivation_in_California" title="Grape cultivation in California">grapes</a>.<a href="#cite_note-Jason_Gibson-2012-21">[19]</a> Farming-related sales more than quadrupled over the past three decades, from $7.3 billion in 1974 to nearly $31 billion in 2004.<a href="#cite_note-Cal_Facts_2006_State_Economy-292">[285]</a> This increase has occurred despite a 15 percent decline in acreage devoted to farming during the period, and water supply suffering from chronic instability. Factors contributing to the growth in sales-per-acre include more intensive use of active farmlands and technological improvements in crop production.<a href="#cite_note-Cal_Facts_2006_State_Economy-292">[285]</a> In 2008, California's 81,500 farms and ranches generated $36.2 billion products revenue.<a href="#cite_note-California_Agricultural_Production_Statistics_2009–2010-293">[286]</a> In 2011, that number grew to $43.5 billion products revenue.<a href="#cite_note-California_Agricultural_Production_Statistics_2011-294">[287]</a> The agriculture sector accounts for two percent of the state's GDP and employs around three percent of its total workforce.<a href="#cite_note-295">[288]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Income">Income</h3></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/California_locations_by_per_capita_income" class="mw-redirect" title="California locations by per capita income">California locations by per capita income</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Sleeping_Beauty_Castle_2019.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2d/Sleeping_Beauty_Castle_2019.jpg/220px-Sleeping_Beauty_Castle_2019.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2d/Sleeping_Beauty_Castle_2019.jpg/330px-Sleeping_Beauty_Castle_2019.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2d/Sleeping_Beauty_Castle_2019.jpg/440px-Sleeping_Beauty_Castle_2019.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4032" data-file-height="3024" /></a><figcaption>California is the most visited state in the country.<a href="#cite_note-296">[289]</a> <a href="/wiki/Disneyland" title="Disneyland">Disneyland</a> in <a href="/wiki/Anaheim" class="mw-redirect" title="Anaheim">Anaheim</a> is a major tourist destination, with 16.9 million annual visits in 2022.<a href="#cite_note-297">[290]</a></figcaption></figure> <a href="/wiki/List_of_U.S._states_by_GDP_per_capita" class="mw-redirect" title="List of U.S. states by GDP per capita">Per capita GDP</a> in 2021 was $85,546, ranking fourth in the nation. <a href="/wiki/California_locations_by_per_capita_income" class="mw-redirect" title="California locations by per capita income">Per capita income</a> varies widely by geographic region and profession.<a href="#cite_note-BEA_State_Personal_Income_2006-298">[291]</a> The Central Valley is the most impoverished, with <a href="/wiki/Migrant_worker" title="Migrant worker">migrant farm workers</a> making less than <a href="/wiki/Minimum_wage" title="Minimum wage">minimum wage</a>. According to a 2005 report by the <a href="/wiki/Congressional_Research_Service" title="Congressional Research Service">Congressional Research Service</a>, the <a href="/wiki/San_Joaquin_Valley" title="San Joaquin Valley">San Joaquin Valley</a> was characterized as one of the most economically depressed regions in the United States, on par with the region of <a href="/wiki/Appalachia" title="Appalachia">Appalachia</a>.<a href="#cite_note-CRS_San_Joaquin_Valley-299">[292]</a> Using the supplemental poverty measure, California has a <a href="/wiki/Poverty_in_the_United_States" title="Poverty in the United States">poverty rate</a> of 23.5%, the highest of any state in the country.<a href="#cite_note-300">[293]</a> However, using the official measure the poverty rate was only 13.3% as of 2017.<a href="#cite_note-301">[294]</a> Many coastal cities include some of the wealthiest per-capita areas in the United States. The high-technology sectors in Northern California, specifically <a href="/wiki/Silicon_Valley" title="Silicon Valley">Silicon Valley</a>, in <a href="/wiki/Santa_Clara_County,_California" title="Santa Clara County, California">Santa Clara</a> and <a href="/wiki/San_Mateo_County,_California" title="San Mateo County, California">San Mateo counties</a>, have emerged from the economic downturn caused by the <a href="/wiki/Dot-com_bubble" title="Dot-com bubble">dot-com bust</a>. In 2019, there were 1,042,027 millionaire households in the state, more than any other state in the nation.<a href="#cite_note-302">[295]</a> In 2010, California residents were ranked first among the states with the best average credit score of 754.<a href="#cite_note-303">[296]</a> <ul class="gallery mw-gallery-packed"> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 331.33333333333px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 329.33333333333px;"><a href="/wiki/File:USA-World_Nominal_GDP.PNG" class="mw-file-description" title="If California was an independent country, its gross domestic product (nominal) would rank fifth in the world (2022).[297]"><img alt="If California was an independent country, its gross domestic product (nominal) would rank fifth in the world (2022).[297]" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b7/USA-World_Nominal_GDP.PNG/494px-USA-World_Nominal_GDP.PNG" decoding="async" width="330" height="200" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b7/USA-World_Nominal_GDP.PNG/741px-USA-World_Nominal_GDP.PNG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b7/USA-World_Nominal_GDP.PNG/988px-USA-World_Nominal_GDP.PNG 2x" data-file-width="5432" data-file-height="3300" /></a></div> <div class="gallerytext">If California was an independent country, its gross domestic product (nominal) would rank <a href="/wiki/List_of_U.S._states_and_territories_by_GDP" title="List of U.S. states and territories by GDP">fifth in the world</a> (2022).<a href="#cite_note-304">[297]</a></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 202px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 200px;"><a href="/wiki/File:California_counties_by_GDP_2021.png" class="mw-file-description" title="California counties by GDP (2021)[298]"><img alt="California counties by GDP (2021)[298]" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f8/California_counties_by_GDP_2021.png/300px-California_counties_by_GDP_2021.png" decoding="async" width="200" height="200" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f8/California_counties_by_GDP_2021.png/450px-California_counties_by_GDP_2021.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f8/California_counties_by_GDP_2021.png/600px-California_counties_by_GDP_2021.png 2x" data-file-width="4327" data-file-height="4326" /></a></div> <div class="gallerytext">California counties by GDP (2021)<a href="#cite_note-305">[298]</a></div> </li> </ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="State_finances">State finances</h3></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main articles: <a href="/wiki/California_state_finances" title="California state finances">California state finances</a> and <a href="/wiki/2008%E2%80%9312_California_budget_crisis" class="mw-redirect" title="2008–12 California budget crisis">2008–12 California budget crisis</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:California_economic_regions_map_(labeled_and_colored).svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/22/California_economic_regions_map_%28labeled_and_colored%29.svg/180px-California_economic_regions_map_%28labeled_and_colored%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="180" height="212" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/22/California_economic_regions_map_%28labeled_and_colored%29.svg/270px-California_economic_regions_map_%28labeled_and_colored%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/22/California_economic_regions_map_%28labeled_and_colored%29.svg/360px-California_economic_regions_map_%28labeled_and_colored%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="621" data-file-height="733" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Economic_regions_of_California" class="mw-redirect" title="Economic regions of California">California economic regions</a></figcaption></figure> State spending increased from $56 billion in 1998 to $127 billion in 2011.<a href="#cite_note-306">[299]</a><a href="#cite_note-307">[300]</a> California has the third highest per capita spending on welfare among the states, as well as the highest spending on welfare at $6.67 billion.<a href="#cite_note-308">[301]</a> In January 2011, California's total debt was at least $265 billion.<a href="#cite_note-309">[302]</a> On June 27, 2013, Governor Jerry Brown signed a balanced budget (no deficit) for the state, its first in decades; however, the state's debt remains at $132 billion.<a href="#cite_note-310">[303]</a><a href="#cite_note-311">[304]</a> With the passage of <a href="/wiki/California_Proposition_30_(2012)" class="mw-redirect" title="California Proposition 30 (2012)">Proposition 30 in 2012</a> and <a href="/wiki/2016_California_Proposition_55" title="2016 California Proposition 55">Proposition 55 in 2016</a>, California now levies a 13.3% maximum marginal <a href="/wiki/Income_tax" title="Income tax">income tax</a> rate with ten <a href="/wiki/Tax_bracket" title="Tax bracket">tax brackets</a>, ranging from 1% at the bottom tax bracket of $0 annual individual income to 13.3% for annual individual income over $1,000,000 (though the top brackets are only temporary until Proposition 55 expires at the end of 2030). While Proposition 30 also enacted a minimum <a href="/wiki/Sales_taxes_in_the_United_States#California" title="Sales taxes in the United States">state sales tax</a> of 7.5%, this sales tax increase was not extended by Proposition 55 and reverted to a previous minimum state sales tax rate of 7.25% in 2017. Local governments can and do levy additional sales taxes in addition to this minimum rate.<a href="#cite_note-312">[305]</a> All <a href="/wiki/Real_property" title="Real property">real property</a> is taxable annually. Property tax increases are capped at 2% annually or the rate of inflation (whichever is lower), per <a href="/wiki/California_Proposition_13_(1978)" class="mw-redirect" title="California Proposition 13 (1978)">Proposition 13</a>. <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Infrastructure">Infrastructure</h2></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Energy">Energy</h3></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Energy_in_California" title="Energy in California">Energy in California</a></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Further information: <a href="/wiki/Solar_power_in_California" title="Solar power in California">Solar power in California</a> and <a href="/wiki/Wind_power_in_California" title="Wind power in California">Wind power in California</a></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/History_of_oil_in_California_through_1930" title="History of oil in California through 1930">History of oil in California through 1930</a> and <a href="/wiki/Plug-in_electric_vehicles_in_California" title="Plug-in electric vehicles in California">Plug-in electric vehicles in California</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Moss_Landing_Power_Plant_p1270026.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/be/Moss_Landing_Power_Plant_p1270026.jpg/220px-Moss_Landing_Power_Plant_p1270026.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/be/Moss_Landing_Power_Plant_p1270026.jpg/330px-Moss_Landing_Power_Plant_p1270026.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/be/Moss_Landing_Power_Plant_p1270026.jpg/440px-Moss_Landing_Power_Plant_p1270026.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2560" data-file-height="1920" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Moss_Landing_Power_Plant" title="Moss Landing Power Plant">Moss Landing Power Plant</a>, located on the coast of <a href="/wiki/Monterey_Bay" title="Monterey Bay">Monterey Bay</a></figcaption></figure> Because it is the most populous state in the United States, California is one of the country's largest users of energy. The state has extensive hydro-electric energy generation facilities, however, moving water is the single largest energy use in the state. Also, due to high energy rates, conservation mandates, mild weather in the largest population centers and strong <a href="/wiki/Environmental_movement" title="Environmental movement">environmental movement</a>, its per capita energy use is one of the smallest of any state in the United States.<a href="#cite_note-313">[306]</a> Due to the high electricity demand, California imports more electricity than any other state, primarily hydroelectric power from states in the Pacific Northwest (via <a href="/wiki/Path_15" title="Path 15">Path 15</a> and <a href="/wiki/Path_66" title="Path 66">Path 66</a>) and coal- and natural gas-fired production from the desert Southwest via <a href="/wiki/Path_46" title="Path 46">Path 46</a>.<a href="#cite_note-314">[307]</a> The <a href="/wiki/California_oil_and_gas_industry" title="California oil and gas industry">state's crude oil and natural gas deposits</a> are located in the Central Valley and <a href="/wiki/Offshore_oil_and_gas_in_California" title="Offshore oil and gas in California">along the coast</a>, including the large <a href="/wiki/Midway-Sunset_Oil_Field" title="Midway-Sunset Oil Field">Midway-Sunset Oil Field</a>. Natural gas-fired <a href="/wiki/List_of_power_stations_in_California" title="List of power stations in California">power plants</a> typically account for more than one-half of state electricity generation. <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Ho_000155_170593_515241_4578_(35974057893)_(cropped).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e2/Ho_000155_170593_515241_4578_%2835974057893%29_%28cropped%29.jpg/220px-Ho_000155_170593_515241_4578_%2835974057893%29_%28cropped%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="141" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e2/Ho_000155_170593_515241_4578_%2835974057893%29_%28cropped%29.jpg/330px-Ho_000155_170593_515241_4578_%2835974057893%29_%28cropped%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e2/Ho_000155_170593_515241_4578_%2835974057893%29_%28cropped%29.jpg/440px-Ho_000155_170593_515241_4578_%2835974057893%29_%28cropped%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1700" data-file-height="1091" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Ivanpah_Solar_Power_Facility" title="Ivanpah Solar Power Facility">Ivanpah Solar Power Facility</a>, located in the <a href="/wiki/Mojave_Desert" title="Mojave Desert">Mojave Desert</a></figcaption></figure> As a result of the state's strong environmental movement, California has some of the most aggressive <a href="/wiki/Renewable_energy_in_California" title="Renewable energy in California">renewable energy</a> goals in the United States. The Clean Energy, Jobs and Affordability Act of 2022 commits the state to running its operations on clean, renewable energy resources by 2035, and SB 1203 also requires the state to achieve net-zero operations for all agencies. Currently, several <a href="/wiki/Solar_power_in_California" title="Solar power in California">solar power plants</a> such as the <a href="/wiki/Solar_Energy_Generating_Systems" title="Solar Energy Generating Systems">Solar Energy Generating Systems</a> facility are located in the <a href="/wiki/Mojave_Desert" title="Mojave Desert">Mojave Desert</a>. <a href="/wiki/Wind_power_in_California" title="Wind power in California">California's wind farms</a> include <a href="/wiki/Altamont_Pass_Wind_Farm" class="mw-redirect" title="Altamont Pass Wind Farm">Altamont Pass</a>, <a href="/wiki/San_Gorgonio_Pass_Wind_Farm" class="mw-redirect" title="San Gorgonio Pass Wind Farm">San Gorgonio Pass</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Tehachapi_Pass_Wind_Farm" class="mw-redirect" title="Tehachapi Pass Wind Farm">Tehachapi Pass</a>. The Tehachapi area is also where the <a href="/wiki/Tehachapi_Energy_Storage_Project" title="Tehachapi Energy Storage Project">Tehachapi Energy Storage Project</a> is located.<a href="#cite_note-International2-315">[308]</a> Several dams across the state provide <a href="/wiki/Hydroelectricity" title="Hydroelectricity">hydro-electric power</a>. It would be possible to convert the total supply to 100% renewable energy, including heating, cooling and mobility, by 2050.<a href="#cite_note-316">[309]</a> California has one major <a href="/wiki/Nuclear_power" title="Nuclear power">nuclear power</a> plant (<a href="/wiki/Diablo_Canyon_Power_Plant" title="Diablo Canyon Power Plant">Diablo Canyon</a>) in operation. The <a href="/wiki/San_Onofre_Nuclear_Generating_Station" title="San Onofre Nuclear Generating Station">San Onofre nuclear plant</a> was shut down in 2013. More than 1,700 tons of <a href="/wiki/Radioactive_waste" title="Radioactive waste">radioactive waste</a> are stored at San Onofre,<a href="#cite_note-317">[310]</a> and sit on the coast where there is a record of past <a href="/wiki/Tsunami" title="Tsunami">tsunamis</a>.<a href="#cite_note-318">[311]</a> Voters <a href="/wiki/Anti-nuclear_movement_in_California" title="Anti-nuclear movement in California">banned the approval of new nuclear power plants</a> since the late 1970s because of concerns over <a href="/wiki/High-level_radioactive_waste_management" title="High-level radioactive waste management">radioactive waste disposal</a>.<a href="#cite_note-Doyle_2009-319">[312]</a><a href="#cite_note-321">[note 8]</a> Several cities such as Oakland, <a href="/wiki/Berkeley,_California" title="Berkeley, California">Berkeley</a> and <a href="/wiki/Davis,_California" title="Davis, California">Davis</a> have declared themselves as <a href="/wiki/Nuclear-free_zone" title="Nuclear-free zone">nuclear-free zones</a>. <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Transportation">Transportation</h3></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Transportation_in_California" title="Transportation in California">Transportation in California</a></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/History_of_rail_transportation_in_California" title="History of rail transportation in California">History of rail transportation in California</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:GoldenGateBridge-001.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/GoldenGateBridge-001.jpg/220px-GoldenGateBridge-001.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/GoldenGateBridge-001.jpg/330px-GoldenGateBridge-001.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/GoldenGateBridge-001.jpg/440px-GoldenGateBridge-001.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3264" data-file-height="2448" /></a><figcaption>The <a href="/wiki/Golden_Gate_Bridge" title="Golden Gate Bridge">Golden Gate Bridge</a> in the <a href="/wiki/San_Francisco_Bay_Area" title="San Francisco Bay Area">San Francisco Bay Area</a>, is one of the most famous bridges in the world.</figcaption></figure> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Highways">Highways</h4></div> California's vast terrain is connected by <a href="/wiki/California_Freeway_and_Expressway_System" title="California Freeway and Expressway System">an extensive system</a> of <a href="/wiki/Controlled-access_highways" class="mw-redirect" title="Controlled-access highways">controlled-access highways</a> ('freeways'), <a href="/wiki/Limited-access_road" title="Limited-access road">limited-access roads</a> ('expressways'), and <a href="/wiki/State_highways_in_California" title="State highways in California">highways</a>. California is known for its <a href="/wiki/Car_culture" class="mw-redirect" title="Car culture">car culture</a>, giving California's cities a reputation for severe <a href="/wiki/Traffic_congestion" title="Traffic congestion">traffic congestion</a>. Construction and maintenance of state roads and statewide transportation planning are primarily the responsibility of the <a href="/wiki/California_Department_of_Transportation" title="California Department of Transportation">California Department of Transportation</a>, nicknamed "Caltrans". The rapidly growing population of the state is straining all of its transportation networks, and California has some of the worst roads in the United States.<a href="#cite_note-322">[314]</a><a href="#cite_note-323">[315]</a> The <a href="/wiki/Reason_Foundation" title="Reason Foundation">Reason Foundation</a>'s 19th Annual Report on the Performance of State Highway Systems ranked California's highways the third-worst of any state, with Alaska second, and Rhode Island first.<a href="#cite_note-324">[316]</a> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:San_Francisco_Bay_Ferry_Hydrus_May_2017_(cropped).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e8/San_Francisco_Bay_Ferry_Hydrus_May_2017_%28cropped%29.jpg/220px-San_Francisco_Bay_Ferry_Hydrus_May_2017_%28cropped%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="152" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e8/San_Francisco_Bay_Ferry_Hydrus_May_2017_%28cropped%29.jpg/330px-San_Francisco_Bay_Ferry_Hydrus_May_2017_%28cropped%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e8/San_Francisco_Bay_Ferry_Hydrus_May_2017_%28cropped%29.jpg/440px-San_Francisco_Bay_Ferry_Hydrus_May_2017_%28cropped%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3938" data-file-height="2717" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/San_Francisco_Bay_Ferry" title="San Francisco Bay Ferry">San Francisco Bay Ferry</a> is a public <a href="/wiki/Water_taxi" title="Water taxi">water taxi</a> system in the <a href="/wiki/Bay_Area" class="mw-redirect" title="Bay Area">Bay Area</a>.</figcaption></figure> The state has been a pioneer in road construction. One of the state's more visible landmarks, the <a href="/wiki/Golden_Gate_Bridge" title="Golden Gate Bridge">Golden Gate Bridge</a>, was the <a href="/wiki/List_of_longest_suspension_bridge_spans" title="List of longest suspension bridge spans">longest suspension bridge main span</a> in the world at 4,200 feet (1,300 m) between 1937 (when it opened) and 1964. With its orange paint and panoramic views of the bay, this highway bridge is a popular tourist attraction and also accommodates pedestrians and bicyclists. The <a href="/wiki/San_Francisco%E2%80%93Oakland_Bay_Bridge" title="San Francisco–Oakland Bay Bridge">San Francisco–Oakland Bay Bridge</a> (often abbreviated the "Bay Bridge"), completed in 1936, transports about 280,000 vehicles per day on two-decks. Its two sections meet at <a href="/wiki/Yerba_Buena_Island" title="Yerba Buena Island">Yerba Buena Island</a> through the world's largest diameter transportation bore tunnel, at 76 feet (23 m) wide by 58 feet (18 m) high.<a href="#cite_note-325">[317]</a> The <a href="/wiki/Arroyo_Seco_Parkway" title="Arroyo Seco Parkway">Arroyo Seco Parkway</a>, connecting Los Angeles and <a href="/wiki/Pasadena,_California" title="Pasadena, California">Pasadena</a>, opened in 1940 as the first freeway in the Western United States.<a href="#cite_note-326">[318]</a> It was later extended south to the <a href="/wiki/Four_Level_Interchange" title="Four Level Interchange">Four Level Interchange</a> in downtown Los Angeles, regarded as the first <a href="/wiki/Stack_interchange" title="Stack interchange">stack interchange</a> ever built.<a href="#cite_note-327">[319]</a> The <a href="/wiki/California_Highway_Patrol" title="California Highway Patrol">California Highway Patrol</a> is the largest statewide police agency in the United States in employment with more than 10,000 employees. They are responsible for providing any police-sanctioned service to anyone on California's state-maintained highways and on state property. By the end of 2021, 30,610,058 people in California held a <a href="/wiki/California_Department_of_Motor_Vehicles" title="California Department of Motor Vehicles">California Department of Motor Vehicles</a>-issued <a href="/wiki/Driver%27s_license" title="Driver's license">driver's licenses</a> or <a href="/wiki/Identity_documents_in_the_United_States" title="Identity documents in the United States">state identification card</a>, and there were 36,229,205 <a href="/wiki/Vehicle_registration" class="mw-redirect" title="Vehicle registration">registered vehicles</a>, including 25,643,076 automobiles, 853,368 motorcycles, 8,981,787 trucks and trailers, and 121,716 miscellaneous vehicles (including historical vehicles and farm equipment).<a href="#cite_note-328">[320]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Air_travel">Air travel</h4></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:TheThemeBuildingLosAngeles_(cropped2).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/15/TheThemeBuildingLosAngeles_%28cropped2%29.jpg/220px-TheThemeBuildingLosAngeles_%28cropped2%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="117" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/15/TheThemeBuildingLosAngeles_%28cropped2%29.jpg/330px-TheThemeBuildingLosAngeles_%28cropped2%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/15/TheThemeBuildingLosAngeles_%28cropped2%29.jpg/440px-TheThemeBuildingLosAngeles_%28cropped2%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1050" data-file-height="558" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Los_Angeles_International_Airport" title="Los Angeles International Airport">Los Angeles Intl. Airport</a> (LAX) is the <a href="/wiki/World%27s_busiest_airports_by_passenger_traffic" class="mw-redirect" title="World's busiest airports by passenger traffic">4th busiest airport in the world</a>.</figcaption></figure> <a href="/wiki/Los_Angeles_International_Airport" title="Los Angeles International Airport">Los Angeles International Airport</a> (LAX), <a href="/wiki/World%27s_busiest_airports_by_passenger_traffic" class="mw-redirect" title="World's busiest airports by passenger traffic">the 4th busiest airport in the world in 2018</a>, and <a href="/wiki/San_Francisco_International_Airport" title="San Francisco International Airport">San Francisco International Airport</a> (SFO), <a href="/wiki/World%27s_busiest_airports_by_passenger_traffic" class="mw-redirect" title="World's busiest airports by passenger traffic">the 25th busiest airport in the world in 2018</a>, are major hubs for trans-Pacific and transcontinental traffic. There are about a dozen important commercial airports and many more <a href="/wiki/General_aviation" title="General aviation">general aviation</a> <a href="/wiki/List_of_airports_in_California" title="List of airports in California">airports</a> throughout the state. <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Railroads">Railroads</h4></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Pacific_Surfliner_@_San_Clemente_CA..jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a7/Pacific_Surfliner_%40_San_Clemente_CA..jpg/220px-Pacific_Surfliner_%40_San_Clemente_CA..jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="220" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a7/Pacific_Surfliner_%40_San_Clemente_CA..jpg/330px-Pacific_Surfliner_%40_San_Clemente_CA..jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a7/Pacific_Surfliner_%40_San_Clemente_CA..jpg/440px-Pacific_Surfliner_%40_San_Clemente_CA..jpg 2x" data-file-width="2178" data-file-height="2178" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Amtrak_California" title="Amtrak California">Amtrak California</a>'s <a href="/wiki/Pacific_Surfliner" title="Pacific Surfliner">Pacific Surfliner</a> in <a href="/wiki/San_Clemente,_California" title="San Clemente, California">San Clemente</a>, on the <a href="/wiki/Orange_Coast" title="Orange Coast">Orange Coast</a></figcaption></figure> <a href="/wiki/Inter-city_rail" title="Inter-city rail">Inter-city rail</a> travel is provided by <a href="/wiki/Amtrak_California" title="Amtrak California">Amtrak California</a>; the three routes, the <a href="/wiki/Capitol_Corridor" title="Capitol Corridor">Capitol Corridor</a>, <a href="/wiki/Pacific_Surfliner" title="Pacific Surfliner">Pacific Surfliner</a>, and <a href="/wiki/San_Joaquin_(train)" class="mw-redirect" title="San Joaquin (train)">San Joaquin</a>, are funded by Caltrans. These services are the busiest intercity rail lines in the United States outside the <a href="/wiki/Northeast_Corridor" title="Northeast Corridor">Northeast Corridor</a> and ridership is continuing to set records. The routes are becoming increasingly popular over flying, especially on the LAX-SFO route.<a href="#cite_note-329">[321]</a> Integrated <a href="/wiki/Rapid_transit" title="Rapid transit">subway</a> and <a href="/wiki/Light_rail" title="Light rail">light rail</a> networks are found in Los Angeles (<a href="/wiki/Los_Angeles_Metro_Rail" title="Los Angeles Metro Rail">Los Angeles Metro Rail</a>) and San Francisco (<a href="/wiki/Muni_Metro" title="Muni Metro">Muni Metro</a>). Light rail systems are also found in San Jose (<a href="/wiki/VTA_light_rail" title="VTA light rail">VTA light rail</a>), San Diego (<a href="/wiki/San_Diego_Trolley" title="San Diego Trolley">San Diego Trolley</a>), Sacramento (<a href="/wiki/SacRT_light_rail" title="SacRT light rail">SacRT light rail</a>), and Northern San Diego County (<a href="/wiki/Sprinter_(rail_service)" title="Sprinter (rail service)">Sprinter</a>). Furthermore, <a href="/wiki/Commuter_rail" title="Commuter rail">commuter rail</a> networks serve the San Francisco Bay Area (<a href="/wiki/Altamont_Corridor_Express" title="Altamont Corridor Express">Altamont Corridor Express</a>, <a href="/wiki/Bay_Area_Rapid_Transit" title="Bay Area Rapid Transit">Bay Area Rapid Transit</a>, <a href="/wiki/Caltrain" title="Caltrain">Caltrain</a>, <a href="/wiki/Sonoma%E2%80%93Marin_Area_Rail_Transit" title="Sonoma–Marin Area Rail Transit">Sonoma–Marin Area Rail Transit</a>), Greater Los Angeles (<a href="/wiki/Metrolink_(California)" title="Metrolink (California)">Metrolink</a>), and San Diego County (<a href="/wiki/Coaster_(rail_service)" title="Coaster (rail service)">Coaster</a>). The <a href="/wiki/California_High-Speed_Rail_Authority" title="California High-Speed Rail Authority">California High-Speed Rail Authority</a> was authorized in 1996 by the state legislature to plan a <a href="/wiki/California_High-Speed_Rail" title="California High-Speed Rail">California High-Speed Rail</a> system to put before the voters. The plan they devised, <a href="/wiki/2008_California_Proposition_1A" title="2008 California Proposition 1A">2008 California Proposition 1A</a>, connecting all the major population centers in the state, was approved by the voters at the November 2008 general election.<a href="#cite_note-330">[322]</a> The first phase of construction was begun in 2015, and the first segment 171 miles (275 km) long, is planned to be put into operation by the end of 2030. Planning and work on the rest of the system is continuing, with funding for completing it is an ongoing issue.<a href="#cite_note-331">[323]</a> California's 2023 integrated passenger rail master plan includes a high speed rail system.<a href="#cite_note-332">[324]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Busses">Busses</h4></div> Nearly all counties operate <a href="/wiki/Bus" title="Bus">bus</a> lines, and many cities operate their own city bus lines as well. Intercity bus travel is provided by <a href="/wiki/Greyhound_Lines" title="Greyhound Lines">Greyhound</a>, <a href="/wiki/Megabus_(North_America)" title="Megabus (North America)">Megabus</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Amtrak_Thruway" title="Amtrak Thruway">Amtrak Thruway</a>. <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Water">Water</h3></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Water_in_California" title="Water in California">Water in California</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Aerial_view_of_Shasta_Dam_and_Shasta_Lake_(2019).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/74/Aerial_view_of_Shasta_Dam_and_Shasta_Lake_%282019%29.jpg/220px-Aerial_view_of_Shasta_Dam_and_Shasta_Lake_%282019%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="142" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/74/Aerial_view_of_Shasta_Dam_and_Shasta_Lake_%282019%29.jpg/330px-Aerial_view_of_Shasta_Dam_and_Shasta_Lake_%282019%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/74/Aerial_view_of_Shasta_Dam_and_Shasta_Lake_%282019%29.jpg/440px-Aerial_view_of_Shasta_Dam_and_Shasta_Lake_%282019%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4573" data-file-height="2953" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Lake_Shasta" class="mw-redirect" title="Lake Shasta">Lake Shasta</a>, in the <a href="/wiki/Shasta_Cascade" title="Shasta Cascade">Shasta Cascade</a> region, is California's largest reservoir.</figcaption></figure> California's interconnected water system is the world's largest, managing over 40,000,000 <a href="/wiki/Acre-foot" title="Acre-foot">acre-feet</a> (49 km3) of water per year, centered on six main systems of aqueducts and infrastructure projects.<a href="#cite_note-333">[325]</a> Water use and conservation in California is a politically divisive issue, as the state experiences periodic droughts and has to balance the demands of its large agricultural and urban sectors, especially in the arid southern portion of the state. The state's widespread redistribution of water also invites the frequent scorn of environmentalists. The <a href="/wiki/California_Water_Wars" class="mw-redirect" title="California Water Wars">California Water Wars</a>, a conflict between Los Angeles and the Owens Valley over water rights, is one of the most well-known examples of the struggle to secure adequate water supplies.<a href="#cite_note-334">[326]</a> Former California Governor <a href="/wiki/Arnold_Schwarzenegger" title="Arnold Schwarzenegger">Arnold Schwarzenegger</a> said: <blockquote>We've been in crisis for quite some time because we're now 38 million people and not anymore 18 million people like we were in the late 60s. So it developed into a battle between environmentalists and farmers and between the south and the north and between rural and urban. And everyone has been fighting for the last four decades about water.<a href="#cite_note-335">[327]</a></blockquote> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Government_and_politics">Government and politics</h2></div> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Sacramento,_California_State_Capitol.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1e/Sacramento%2C_California_State_Capitol.jpg/280px-Sacramento%2C_California_State_Capitol.jpg" decoding="async" width="280" height="195" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1e/Sacramento%2C_California_State_Capitol.jpg/420px-Sacramento%2C_California_State_Capitol.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1e/Sacramento%2C_California_State_Capitol.jpg/560px-Sacramento%2C_California_State_Capitol.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4579" data-file-height="3190" /></a><figcaption>The <a href="/wiki/California_Capitol" class="mw-redirect" title="California Capitol">California Capitol</a> in <a href="/wiki/Sacramento,_California" title="Sacramento, California">Sacramento</a>, seat of the <a href="/wiki/Government_of_California" title="Government of California">California government</a>, hosts the <a href="/wiki/California_Legislature" class="mw-redirect" title="California Legislature">California Legislature</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Governor_of_California" title="Governor of California">Governor of California</a>.</figcaption></figure> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="State_government">State government</h3></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Government_of_California" title="Government of California">Government of California</a></div> The capital city of California is <a href="/wiki/Sacramento,_California" title="Sacramento, California">Sacramento</a>.<a href="#cite_note-336">[328]</a> The state is organized into three <a href="/wiki/Separation_of_powers" title="Separation of powers">branches of government</a>—the <a href="/wiki/Executive_branch" class="mw-redirect" title="Executive branch">executive branch</a> consisting of the <a href="/wiki/Governor_of_California" title="Governor of California">governor</a><a href="#cite_note-337">[329]</a> and the other independently elected constitutional officers; the <a href="/wiki/Legislative_branch" class="mw-redirect" title="Legislative branch">legislative branch</a> consisting of the <a href="/wiki/California_State_Assembly" title="California State Assembly">Assembly</a> and <a href="/wiki/California_State_Senate" title="California State Senate">Senate</a>;<a href="#cite_note-338">[330]</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Judicial_branch" class="mw-redirect" title="Judicial branch">judicial branch</a> consisting of the <a href="/wiki/Supreme_Court_of_California" title="Supreme Court of California">Supreme Court of California</a> and lower courts.<a href="#cite_note-339">[331]</a> The state also allows <a href="/wiki/California_ballot_proposition" title="California ballot proposition">ballot propositions</a>: direct participation of the electorate by <a href="/wiki/Popular_initiative" title="Popular initiative">initiative</a>, <a href="/wiki/Referendum" title="Referendum">referendum</a>, <a href="/wiki/Recall_election" title="Recall election">recall</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Ratification" title="Ratification">ratification</a>.<a href="#cite_note-340">[332]</a> Before the passage of <a href="/wiki/California_Proposition_14_(2010)" class="mw-redirect" title="California Proposition 14 (2010)">Proposition 14 in 2010</a>, California allowed each political party to choose whether to have a <a href="/wiki/Closed_primary" class="mw-redirect" title="Closed primary">closed primary</a> or a primary where only party members and <a href="/wiki/Independent_(politics)" class="mw-redirect" title="Independent (politics)">independents</a> vote. After June 8, 2010, when Proposition 14 was approved, excepting only the United States president and county central committee offices,<a href="#cite_note-341">[333]</a> all candidates in the primary elections are listed on the ballot with their preferred party affiliation, but they are not the official nominee of that party.<a href="#cite_note-DB2-342">[334]</a> At the primary election, the two candidates with the top votes will advance to the general election regardless of party affiliation.<a href="#cite_note-DB2-342">[334]</a> This is known as a <a href="/wiki/Nonpartisan_blanket_primary" title="Nonpartisan blanket primary">nonpartisan blanket primary</a>. If at a special primary election, one candidate receives more than 50% of all the votes cast, they are elected to fill the vacancy and no special general election will be held.<a href="#cite_note-DB2-342">[334]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Executive_branch">Executive branch</h4></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main articles: <a href="/wiki/California_executive_branch" title="California executive branch">California executive branch</a>, <a href="/wiki/Governor_of_California" title="Governor of California">Governor of California</a>, and <a href="/wiki/List_of_California_state_agencies" title="List of California state agencies">List of California state agencies</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Stanford_Mansion_-_Sacramento,_California_(6007570640)_(cropped).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c5/Stanford_Mansion_-_Sacramento%2C_California_%286007570640%29_%28cropped%29.jpg/220px-Stanford_Mansion_-_Sacramento%2C_California_%286007570640%29_%28cropped%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="149" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c5/Stanford_Mansion_-_Sacramento%2C_California_%286007570640%29_%28cropped%29.jpg/330px-Stanford_Mansion_-_Sacramento%2C_California_%286007570640%29_%28cropped%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c5/Stanford_Mansion_-_Sacramento%2C_California_%286007570640%29_%28cropped%29.jpg/440px-Stanford_Mansion_-_Sacramento%2C_California_%286007570640%29_%28cropped%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2613" data-file-height="1771" /></a><figcaption>The <a href="/wiki/Leland_Stanford_Mansion" title="Leland Stanford Mansion">Stanford Mansion</a> is the official reception center for the California government and one of the workplaces of the <a href="/wiki/Governor_of_California" title="Governor of California">Governor of California</a>.</figcaption></figure> The <a href="/wiki/California_executive_branch" title="California executive branch">California executive branch</a> consists of the governor and seven other elected constitutional officers: <a href="/wiki/Lieutenant_Governor_of_California" title="Lieutenant Governor of California">lieutenant governor</a>, <a href="/wiki/California_Attorney_General" class="mw-redirect" title="California Attorney General">attorney general</a>, <a href="/wiki/Secretary_of_State_of_California" title="Secretary of State of California">secretary of state</a>, <a href="/wiki/California_State_Controller" title="California State Controller">state controller</a>, <a href="/wiki/California_State_Treasurer" title="California State Treasurer">state treasurer</a>, <a href="/wiki/California_Insurance_Commissioner" title="California Insurance Commissioner">insurance commissioner</a>, and <a href="/wiki/California_State_Superintendent_of_Public_Instruction" title="California State Superintendent of Public Instruction">state superintendent of public instruction</a>. They serve four-year terms and may be re-elected only once.<a href="#cite_note-343">[335]</a> The many <a href="/wiki/List_of_California_state_agencies" title="List of California state agencies">California state agencies</a> that are under the governor's cabinet are grouped together to form cabinet-level entities that are referred to by government officials as "superagencies". Those departments that are directly under the other independently elected officers work separately from these superagencies.<a href="#cite_note-344">[336]</a><a href="#cite_note-Lawrence-345">[337]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Legislative_branch">Legislative branch</h4></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/California_Legislature" class="mw-redirect" title="California Legislature">California Legislature</a></div> The <a href="/wiki/California_State_Legislature" title="California State Legislature">California State Legislature</a> consists of a 40-member Senate and 80-member Assembly.<a href="#cite_note-leg_members_and_term_limits_first_m_dec-346">[338]</a> Senators serve four-year terms and Assembly members two. Members of the Assembly are subject to <a href="/wiki/Term_limit" title="Term limit">term limits</a> of six terms, and members of the Senate are subject to term limits of three terms. <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Judicial_branch">Judicial branch</h4></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Judiciary_of_California" title="Judiciary of California">Judiciary of California</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Supremecourtofcaliforniamaincourthouse_(cropped).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ca/Supremecourtofcaliforniamaincourthouse_%28cropped%29.jpg/220px-Supremecourtofcaliforniamaincourthouse_%28cropped%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="177" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ca/Supremecourtofcaliforniamaincourthouse_%28cropped%29.jpg/330px-Supremecourtofcaliforniamaincourthouse_%28cropped%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ca/Supremecourtofcaliforniamaincourthouse_%28cropped%29.jpg/440px-Supremecourtofcaliforniamaincourthouse_%28cropped%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1431" data-file-height="1152" /></a><figcaption>The <a href="/wiki/Supreme_Court_of_California" title="Supreme Court of California">Supreme Court of California</a> primarily convenes at the <a href="/wiki/Earl_Warren_Building" title="Earl Warren Building">Earl Warren Building</a> in San Francisco (pictured), but also holds session in Sacramento and Los Angeles.</figcaption></figure> California's legal system is explicitly based upon English <a href="/wiki/Common_law" title="Common law">common law</a><a href="#cite_note-Cal_Civil_Code_22.2-347">[339]</a> but carries many features from Spanish <a href="/wiki/Civil_law_(legal_system)" title="Civil law (legal system)">civil law</a>, such as <a href="/wiki/Community_property" title="Community property">community property</a>. California's prison population grew from 25,000 in 1980 to over 170,000 in 2007.<a href="#cite_note-Thompson_2007-348">[340]</a> <a href="/wiki/Capital_punishment_in_California" title="Capital punishment in California">Capital punishment</a> is a legal form of punishment and the state has the largest "<a href="/wiki/Death_Row" class="mw-redirect" title="Death Row">Death Row</a>" population in the country (though Oklahoma and Texas are far more active in carrying out executions).<a href="#cite_note-349">[341]</a><a href="#cite_note-350">[342]</a> California has performed <a href="/wiki/List_of_people_executed_in_California" title="List of people executed in California">13 executions</a> since 1976, with the last being in 2006.<a href="#cite_note-351">[343]</a> <a href="/wiki/California%27s_judiciary_system" class="mw-redirect" title="California's judiciary system">California's judiciary system</a> is the largest in the United States with a total of 1,600 judges (the federal system has only about 840). At the apex is the seven-member Supreme Court of California, while the <a href="/wiki/California_Courts_of_Appeal" title="California Courts of Appeal">California Courts of Appeal</a> serve as the primary <a href="/wiki/Appellate_court" title="Appellate court">appellate courts</a> and the <a href="/wiki/California_Superior_Courts" class="mw-redirect" title="California Superior Courts">California Superior Courts</a> serve as the primary <a href="/wiki/Trial_court" title="Trial court">trial courts</a>. <a href="/wiki/List_of_justices_of_the_Supreme_Court_of_California" title="List of justices of the Supreme Court of California">Justices of the Supreme Court</a> and Courts of Appeal are appointed by the governor, but are subject to retention by the electorate every 12 years. The administration of the state's court system is controlled by the <a href="/wiki/Judicial_Council_of_California" title="Judicial Council of California">Judicial Council</a>, composed of the chief justice of the California Supreme Court, 14 judicial officers, four representatives from the <a href="/wiki/State_Bar_of_California" title="State Bar of California">State Bar of California</a>, and one member from each house of the state legislature. In fiscal year 2020–2021, the state judiciary's 2,000 judicial officers and 18,000 judicial branch employees processed approximately 4.4 million cases.<a href="#cite_note-2022CourtStatisticsReport-352">[344]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Local_government">Local government</h3></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Local_government_in_California" title="Local government in California">Local government in California</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:San_Francisco_City_Hall_September_2013_panorama_3.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e9/San_Francisco_City_Hall_September_2013_panorama_3.jpg/220px-San_Francisco_City_Hall_September_2013_panorama_3.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="138" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e9/San_Francisco_City_Hall_September_2013_panorama_3.jpg/330px-San_Francisco_City_Hall_September_2013_panorama_3.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e9/San_Francisco_City_Hall_September_2013_panorama_3.jpg/440px-San_Francisco_City_Hall_September_2013_panorama_3.jpg 2x" data-file-width="8000" data-file-height="5000" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/San_Francisco_City_Hall" title="San Francisco City Hall">San Francisco City Hall</a> is the seat of government of the consolidated <a href="/wiki/Government_of_San_Francisco" title="Government of San Francisco">City and County of San Francisco</a>.</figcaption></figure> California has an extensive system of local government that manages public functions throughout the state. Like most states, California is divided into <a href="/wiki/County_(United_States)" title="County (United States)">counties</a>, of which there are 58 (including <a href="/wiki/San_Francisco" title="San Francisco">San Francisco</a>) covering the entire state. Most urbanized areas are incorporated as <a href="/wiki/City" title="City">cities</a>. <a href="/wiki/List_of_school_districts_in_California" title="List of school districts in California">School districts</a>, which are independent of cities and counties, handle public education. Many other functions, such as fire protection and water supply, especially in <a href="/wiki/Unincorporated_area" title="Unincorporated area">unincorporated areas</a>, are handled by <a href="/wiki/Special-purpose_district" class="mw-redirect" title="Special-purpose district">special districts</a>. <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Counties">Counties</h4></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/List_of_counties_in_California" title="List of counties in California">List of counties in California</a></div> California is divided into <a href="/wiki/List_of_counties_in_California" title="List of counties in California">58 counties</a>. Per Article 11, Section 1, of the <a href="/wiki/Constitution_of_California" title="Constitution of California">Constitution of California</a>, they are the legal subdivisions of the state. The county government provides countywide services such as <a href="/wiki/Law_enforcement_in_California" class="mw-redirect" title="Law enforcement in California">law enforcement</a>, <a href="/wiki/List_of_California_county_jails" title="List of California county jails">jails</a>, elections and voter registration, vital records, property assessment and records, tax collection, public health, health care, social services, libraries, flood control, fire protection, animal control, agricultural regulations, building inspections, ambulance services, and education departments in charge of maintaining statewide standards.<a href="#cite_note-353">[345]</a><a href="#cite_note-354">[346]</a> In addition, the county serves as the local government for all <a href="/wiki/Unincorporated_area" title="Unincorporated area">unincorporated areas</a>. Each county is governed by an elected <a href="/wiki/Board_of_supervisors" title="Board of supervisors">board of supervisors</a>.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBaldassare199850-355">[347]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="City_and_town_governments">City and town governments</h4></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/List_of_municipalities_in_California" title="List of municipalities in California">List of municipalities in California</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Los_Angeles_City_Hall_01_(cropped).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/Los_Angeles_City_Hall_01_%28cropped%29.jpg/220px-Los_Angeles_City_Hall_01_%28cropped%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="246" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/Los_Angeles_City_Hall_01_%28cropped%29.jpg/330px-Los_Angeles_City_Hall_01_%28cropped%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/Los_Angeles_City_Hall_01_%28cropped%29.jpg/440px-Los_Angeles_City_Hall_01_%28cropped%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3485" data-file-height="3895" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Los_Angeles_City_Hall" title="Los Angeles City Hall">Los Angeles City Hall</a>, seat of the <a href="/wiki/Government_of_Los_Angeles" title="Government of Los Angeles">Government of Los Angeles</a></figcaption></figure> Incorporated cities and towns in California are either <a href="/wiki/Charter_city" class="mw-redirect" title="Charter city">charter</a> or general-law municipalities.<a href="#cite_note-Cal_Gov_Code_34502-162">[160]</a> General-law municipalities owe their existence to state law and are consequently governed by it; charter municipalities are governed by their own city or town charters. Municipalities incorporated in the 19th century tend to be charter municipalities. All ten of the state's most populous cities are charter cities. Most small cities have a <a href="/wiki/Council%E2%80%93manager_government" title="Council–manager government">council–manager</a> form of government, where the elected city council appoints a city manager to supervise the operations of the city. Some larger cities have a directly elected mayor who oversees the city government. In many council-manager cities, the city council selects one of its members as a mayor, sometimes rotating through the council membership—but this type of mayoral position is primarily ceremonial. The <a href="/wiki/Government_of_San_Francisco" title="Government of San Francisco">Government of San Francisco</a> is the only <a href="/wiki/Consolidated_city-county" title="Consolidated city-county">consolidated city-county</a> in California, where both the city and county governments have been merged into one unified jurisdiction. <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="School_districts_and_special_districts">School districts and special districts</h4></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/List_of_school_districts_in_California" title="List of school districts in California">List of school districts in California</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:LAUSD_HQ_Bldg.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2d/LAUSD_HQ_Bldg.jpg/220px-LAUSD_HQ_Bldg.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2d/LAUSD_HQ_Bldg.jpg/330px-LAUSD_HQ_Bldg.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2d/LAUSD_HQ_Bldg.jpg/440px-LAUSD_HQ_Bldg.jpg 2x" data-file-width="800" data-file-height="600" /></a><figcaption>The <a href="/wiki/Los_Angeles_Unified_School_District" title="Los Angeles Unified School District">Los Angeles Unified School District</a> is the <a href="/wiki/List_of_the_largest_school_districts_in_the_United_States_by_enrollment" title="List of the largest school districts in the United States by enrollment">second largest in the United States by enrollment</a>.</figcaption></figure> About 1,102 <a href="/wiki/School_district" title="School district">school districts</a>, independent of cities and counties, handle California's <a href="/wiki/Public_education" class="mw-redirect" title="Public education">public education</a>.<a href="#cite_note-census2012p25-356">[348]</a> California school districts may be organized as elementary districts, high school districts, unified school districts combining elementary and high school grades, or community college districts.<a href="#cite_note-census2012p25-356">[348]</a> There are about 3,400 <a href="/wiki/Special-purpose_district" class="mw-redirect" title="Special-purpose district">special districts</a> in California.<a href="#cite_note-357">[349]</a> A <a href="/wiki/Special-purpose_district" class="mw-redirect" title="Special-purpose district">special district</a>, defined by California Government Code § 16271(d) as "any agency of the state for the local performance of governmental or proprietary functions within limited boundaries", provides a limited range of services within a defined geographic area. The geographic area of a special district can spread across multiple cities or counties, or could consist of only a portion of one. Most of California's special districts are single-purpose districts, and provide one service. <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Federal_representation">Federal representation</h3></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/United_States_congressional_delegations_from_California" title="United States congressional delegations from California">United States congressional delegations from California</a></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/California%27s_congressional_districts" title="California's congressional districts">California's congressional districts</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:California_Congressional_Delegation_honoring_Pete_Stark.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/39/California_Congressional_Delegation_honoring_Pete_Stark.jpg/220px-California_Congressional_Delegation_honoring_Pete_Stark.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="138" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/39/California_Congressional_Delegation_honoring_Pete_Stark.jpg/330px-California_Congressional_Delegation_honoring_Pete_Stark.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/39/California_Congressional_Delegation_honoring_Pete_Stark.jpg/440px-California_Congressional_Delegation_honoring_Pete_Stark.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1022" data-file-height="640" /></a><figcaption>Members of the <a href="/wiki/United_States_congressional_delegations_from_California" title="United States congressional delegations from California">California Congressional Delegation</a> in 2020</figcaption></figure> The state of California sends <a href="/wiki/California%27s_congressional_districts" title="California's congressional districts">52</a> members to the <a href="/wiki/United_States_House_of_Representatives" title="United States House of Representatives">House of Representatives</a>,<a href="#cite_note-358">[350]</a> the nation's largest congressional state delegation. Consequently, California also has the largest number of <a href="/wiki/Electoral_College_(United_States)" class="mw-redirect" title="Electoral College (United States)">electoral votes</a> in national presidential elections, with 54. The former <a href="/wiki/Speaker_of_the_United_States_House_of_Representatives" title="Speaker of the United States House of Representatives">speaker of the House of Representatives</a> is the representative of California's 20th district, <a href="/wiki/Kevin_McCarthy" title="Kevin McCarthy">Kevin McCarthy</a>.<a href="#cite_note-govtrack.us-359">[351]</a> California is represented in the <a href="/wiki/United_States_Senate" title="United States Senate">United States Senate</a> by <a href="/wiki/Alex_Padilla" title="Alex Padilla">Alex Padilla</a> and <a href="/wiki/Laphonza_Butler" title="Laphonza Butler">Laphonza Butler</a>. <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Armed_forces">Armed forces</h3></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/California_during_World_War_II" title="California during World War II">California during World War II</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:USS_Carl_Vinson_(CVN-70),_USS_Ronald_Reagan_(CVN-76)_and_USS_John_C._Stennis_(CVN-74)_at_NAS_North_Island_in_June_2015_(cropped).JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/93/USS_Carl_Vinson_%28CVN-70%29%2C_USS_Ronald_Reagan_%28CVN-76%29_and_USS_John_C._Stennis_%28CVN-74%29_at_NAS_North_Island_in_June_2015_%28cropped%29.JPG/220px-USS_Carl_Vinson_%28CVN-70%29%2C_USS_Ronald_Reagan_%28CVN-76%29_and_USS_John_C._Stennis_%28CVN-74%29_at_NAS_North_Island_in_June_2015_%28cropped%29.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="131" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/93/USS_Carl_Vinson_%28CVN-70%29%2C_USS_Ronald_Reagan_%28CVN-76%29_and_USS_John_C._Stennis_%28CVN-74%29_at_NAS_North_Island_in_June_2015_%28cropped%29.JPG/330px-USS_Carl_Vinson_%28CVN-70%29%2C_USS_Ronald_Reagan_%28CVN-76%29_and_USS_John_C._Stennis_%28CVN-74%29_at_NAS_North_Island_in_June_2015_%28cropped%29.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/93/USS_Carl_Vinson_%28CVN-70%29%2C_USS_Ronald_Reagan_%28CVN-76%29_and_USS_John_C._Stennis_%28CVN-74%29_at_NAS_North_Island_in_June_2015_%28cropped%29.JPG/440px-USS_Carl_Vinson_%28CVN-70%29%2C_USS_Ronald_Reagan_%28CVN-76%29_and_USS_John_C._Stennis_%28CVN-74%29_at_NAS_North_Island_in_June_2015_%28cropped%29.JPG 2x" data-file-width="4053" data-file-height="2422" /></a><figcaption>View of <a href="/wiki/Naval_Air_Station_North_Island" title="Naval Air Station North Island">NAS North Island</a> at <a href="/wiki/Naval_Base_Coronado" title="Naval Base Coronado">Naval Base Coronado</a> in <a href="/wiki/San_Diego" title="San Diego">San Diego</a></figcaption></figure> In California, as of 2009<a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=California&action=edit">[update]</a>, the <a href="/wiki/U.S._Department_of_Defense" class="mw-redirect" title="U.S. Department of Defense">U.S. Department of Defense</a> had a total of 117,806 <a href="/wiki/Active_duty" title="Active duty">active duty</a> servicemembers of which 88,370 were <a href="/wiki/United_States_Navy" title="United States Navy">Sailors</a> or <a href="/wiki/United_States_Marine_Corps" title="United States Marine Corps">Marines</a>, 18,339 were <a href="/wiki/United_States_Air_Force" title="United States Air Force">Airmen</a>, and 11,097 were <a href="/wiki/United_States_Army" title="United States Army">Soldiers</a>, with 61,365 Department of Defense civilian employees. Additionally, there were a total of 57,792 <a href="/wiki/Reserve_components_of_the_United_States_Armed_Forces" title="Reserve components of the United States Armed Forces">Reservists and Guardsman</a> in California.<a href="#cite_note-360">[352]</a> In 2010, <a href="/wiki/Los_Angeles_County" class="mw-redirect" title="Los Angeles County">Los Angeles County</a> was the largest origin of military recruits in the United States by county, with 1,437 individuals enlisting in the military.<a href="#cite_note-361">[353]</a> However, as of 2002<a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=California&action=edit">[update]</a>, Californians were relatively under-represented in the military as a proportion to its population.<a href="#cite_note-362">[354]</a> In 2000, California, had 2,569,340 veterans of United States <a href="/wiki/Military_service" title="Military service">military service</a>.<a href="#cite_note-City_Data_CA_Armed_Forces-363">[355]</a> As of 2010<a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=California&action=edit">[update]</a>, there were 1,942,775 veterans living in California, of which 1,457,875 served during a period of armed conflict, and just over four thousand served <a href="/wiki/Interwar_period" title="Interwar period">before World War II</a> (the largest population of this group of any state).<a href="#cite_note-364">[356]</a> California's military forces consist of the <a href="/wiki/California_National_Guard" title="California National Guard">Army and Air National Guard</a>, the <a href="/wiki/California_State_Military_Reserve" class="mw-redirect" title="California State Military Reserve">naval and state military reserve</a> (militia), and the <a href="/wiki/California_Cadet_Corps" title="California Cadet Corps">California Cadet Corps</a>. <div style="clear:both;" class=""></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Politics">Politics</h3></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main articles: <a href="/wiki/Politics_of_California" title="Politics of California">Politics of California</a> and <a href="/wiki/Elections_in_California" title="Elections in California">Elections in California</a></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Politics_of_California_before_1900" title="Politics of California before 1900">Politics of California before 1900</a> and <a href="/wiki/Political_party_strength_in_California" title="Political party strength in California">Political party strength in California</a></div> <table class="wikitable floatright"> <caption>California registered voters as of October 21, 2024<a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=California&action=edit">[update]</a><a href="#cite_note-365">[357]</a> </caption> <tbody><tr> <th colspan="2">Party </th> <th>Number of voters </th> <th>Percentage </th> <td rowspan="10" style="font-size:small"><a href="/wiki/File:California_party_registration_by_county.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/be/California_party_registration_by_county.svg/160px-California_party_registration_by_county.svg.png" decoding="async" width="160" height="189" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/be/California_party_registration_by_county.svg/240px-California_party_registration_by_county.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/be/California_party_registration_by_county.svg/320px-California_party_registration_by_county.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="621" data-file-height="733" /></a> Party registration by county (October 2022): <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959"><div class="legend">  Democrat ≥ 30%</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959"><div class="legend">  Democrat ≥ 40%</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959"><div class="legend">  Democrat ≥ 50%</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959"><div class="legend">  Republican ≥ 30%</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959"><div class="legend">  Republican ≥ 40%</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959"><div class="legend">  Republican ≥ 50%</div> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="background-color:#3333FF; color:inherit; width:0.3em;"> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/California_Democratic_Party" title="California Democratic Party">Democratic</a> </td> <td style="text-align:center;">10,355,081 </td> <td style="text-align:center;">45.83% </td></tr> <tr> <td style="background-color:#E81B23; color:inherit; width:0.3em;"> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/California_Republican_Party" title="California Republican Party">Republican</a> </td> <td style="text-align:center;">5,638,209 </td> <td style="text-align:center;">24.95% </td></tr> <tr> <td style="background-color:#DDDDBB; color:inherit; width:0.3em;"> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Independent_politician_(United_States)" class="mw-redirect" title="Independent politician (United States)">No Party Preference</a> </td> <td style="text-align:center;">4,986,066 </td> <td style="text-align:center;">22.07% </td></tr> <tr> <td style="background-color:#800080; color:inherit; width:0.3em;"> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/American_Independent_Party" title="American Independent Party">American Independent</a> </td> <td style="text-align:center;">875,034 </td> <td style="text-align:center;">3.87% </td></tr> <tr> <td style="background-color:#FED105; color:inherit; width:0.3em;"> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Libertarian_Party_of_California" title="Libertarian Party of California">Libertarian</a> </td> <td style="text-align:center;">234,978 </td> <td style="text-align:center;">1.04% </td></tr> <tr> <td style="background-color:#00FF00; color:inherit; width:0.3em;"> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Peace_and_Freedom_Party" title="Peace and Freedom Party">Peace and Freedom</a> </td> <td style="text-align:center;">141,805 </td> <td style="text-align:center;">0.63% </td></tr> <tr> <td style="background-color:#17aa5c; color:inherit; width:0.3em;"> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Green_Party_of_California" title="Green Party of California">Green</a> </td> <td style="text-align:center;">107,929 </td> <td style="text-align:center;">0.48% </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" style="text-align:left;">Other </td> <td style="text-align:center;">256,557 </td> <td style="text-align:center;">1.13% </td></tr> <tr> <th colspan="2">Total </th> <th style="text-align:center;">22,595,659 </th> <th style="text-align:center;">100% </th></tr></tbody></table> California has an idiosyncratic political culture compared to the rest of the country, and is sometimes regarded as a trendsetter.<a href="#cite_note-366">[358]</a> In socio-cultural mores and national politics, Californians are perceived as more <a href="/wiki/Modern_liberalism_in_the_United_States" title="Modern liberalism in the United States">liberal</a> than other Americans, especially those who live in the inland states. In the <a href="/wiki/2016_United_States_presidential_election" title="2016 United States presidential election">2016 United States presidential election</a>, California had the third highest percentage of Democratic votes behind <a href="/wiki/Washington,_D.C." title="Washington, D.C.">the District of Columbia</a> and <a href="/wiki/Hawaii" title="Hawaii">Hawaii</a>.<a href="#cite_note-367">[359]</a> In the <a href="/wiki/2020_United_States_presidential_election#Results_by_state" title="2020 United States presidential election">2020 United States presidential election</a>, it had the 6th highest behind the District of Columbia, <a href="/wiki/Vermont" title="Vermont">Vermont</a>, <a href="/wiki/Massachusetts" title="Massachusetts">Massachusetts</a>, <a href="/wiki/Maryland" title="Maryland">Maryland</a>, and Hawaii. According to the Cook Political Report, California contains five of the 15 most Democratic congressional districts in the United States. California was the second state <a href="/wiki/California_gubernatorial_recall_election,_2003" class="mw-redirect" title="California gubernatorial recall election, 2003">to recall their state governor</a>, the second state to legalize abortion, and the only state to ban marriage for gay couples twice by vote (including <a href="/wiki/California_Proposition_8" class="mw-redirect" title="California Proposition 8">Proposition 8</a> in 2008). Voters also passed <a href="/wiki/California_Proposition_71_(2004)" class="mw-redirect" title="California Proposition 71 (2004)">Proposition 71 in 2004</a> to fund <a href="/wiki/Stem_cell" title="Stem cell">stem cell</a> research, making California the <a href="/wiki/Stem_cell_laws_and_policy_in_the_United_States#Legalization_and_funding" title="Stem cell laws and policy in the United States">second state to legalize stem cell research</a>, and <a href="/wiki/California_Proposition_14_(2010)" class="mw-redirect" title="California Proposition 14 (2010)">Proposition 14 in 2010</a> to completely change the state's <a href="/wiki/Partisan_primary" class="mw-redirect" title="Partisan primary">primary election</a> process. California has also experienced <a href="/wiki/California_Water_Wars" class="mw-redirect" title="California Water Wars">disputes over water rights</a>; and a <a href="/wiki/Tax_revolt" class="mw-redirect" title="Tax revolt">tax revolt</a>, culminating with the passage of <a href="/wiki/California_Proposition_13_(1978)" class="mw-redirect" title="California Proposition 13 (1978)">Proposition 13 in 1978</a>, limiting state <a href="/wiki/Property_tax" title="Property tax">property taxes</a>. California voters have rejected <a href="/wiki/Affirmative_action" title="Affirmative action">affirmative action</a> on multiple occasions, most recently in November 2020. The state's trend towards the <a href="/wiki/California_Democratic_Party" title="California Democratic Party">Democratic Party</a> and away from the <a href="/wiki/California_Republican_Party" title="California Republican Party">Republican Party</a> can be seen in state elections. From 1899 to 1939, California had exclusively Republican governors. Since 1990, California has generally elected Democratic candidates to federal, state and local offices, including current Governor <a href="/wiki/Gavin_Newsom" title="Gavin Newsom">Gavin Newsom</a>; however, the state has elected Republican Governors, though many of its Republican Governors, such as Arnold Schwarzenegger, tend to be considered moderate Republicans and more <a href="/wiki/Centrism" title="Centrism">centrist</a> than the national party. <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Code_Pink_and_pro-Marine_protesters.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d8/Code_Pink_and_pro-Marine_protesters.jpg/220px-Code_Pink_and_pro-Marine_protesters.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d8/Code_Pink_and_pro-Marine_protesters.jpg/330px-Code_Pink_and_pro-Marine_protesters.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d8/Code_Pink_and_pro-Marine_protesters.jpg/440px-Code_Pink_and_pro-Marine_protesters.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3437" data-file-height="2291" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Anti-war_movement" title="Anti-war movement">Anti-war</a> protesters and pro-military counterprotesters in <a href="/wiki/Berkeley,_California" title="Berkeley, California">Berkeley</a> (2008)</figcaption></figure> Several political movements have advocated for <a href="/wiki/Partition_and_secession_in_California" title="Partition and secession in California">California independence</a>. The <a href="/wiki/California_National_Party" title="California National Party">California National Party</a> and the <a href="/wiki/California_Freedom_Coalition" title="California Freedom Coalition">California Freedom Coalition</a> both advocate for California independence along the lines of <a href="/wiki/Progressivism_in_the_United_States" title="Progressivism in the United States">progressivism</a> and <a href="/wiki/Civic_nationalism" title="Civic nationalism">civic nationalism</a>.<a href="#cite_note-368">[360]</a> The <a href="/wiki/Yes_California" title="Yes California">Yes California</a> movement attempted to organize an independence referendum via <a href="/wiki/Ballot_initiative" class="mw-redirect" title="Ballot initiative">ballot initiative</a> for 2019, which was then postponed.<a href="#cite_note-369">[361]</a> The Democrats also hold a supermajority in both houses of the state legislature. There are 62 Democrats and 18 Republicans in the Assembly; and 32 Democrats and eight Republicans in the Senate. From <a href="/wiki/1952_United_States_presidential_election" title="1952 United States presidential election">1952</a> through <a href="/wiki/1988_United_States_presidential_election" title="1988 United States presidential election">1988</a>, California was a Republican-leaning state, as the party carried the state's electoral votes in nine of ten elections, with <a href="/wiki/1964_United_States_presidential_election" title="1964 United States presidential election">1964</a> as the sole exception. Southern California Republicans <a href="/wiki/Richard_Nixon" title="Richard Nixon">Richard Nixon</a> and <a href="/wiki/Ronald_Reagan" title="Ronald Reagan">Ronald Reagan</a> were both elected twice as the 37th and 40th U.S. Presidents, respectively. However, Democrats have won all of California's electoral votes for the last eight elections, starting in <a href="/wiki/1992_United_States_presidential_election" title="1992 United States presidential election">1992</a>. In the United States House, the Democrats held a 34–19 edge in the California delegation of the <a href="/wiki/110th_United_States_Congress" title="110th United States Congress">110th United States Congress</a> in 2007. As the result of <a href="/wiki/Gerrymandering" title="Gerrymandering">gerrymandering</a>, the districts in California were usually dominated by one or the other party, and few districts were considered competitive. In 2008, Californians passed Proposition 20 to empower a 14-member independent citizen commission to redraw districts for both local politicians and Congress. After the 2012 elections, when the new system took effect, Democrats gained four seats and held a 38–15 majority in the delegation. Following the <a href="/wiki/2018_United_States_House_of_Representatives_elections" title="2018 United States House of Representatives elections">2018 midterm House elections</a>, Democrats won 46 out of 53 congressional house seats in California, leaving Republicans with seven. <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Protest_at_Los_Angeles_City_Hall_(6248466227).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cf/Protest_at_Los_Angeles_City_Hall_%286248466227%29.jpg/220px-Protest_at_Los_Angeles_City_Hall_%286248466227%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cf/Protest_at_Los_Angeles_City_Hall_%286248466227%29.jpg/330px-Protest_at_Los_Angeles_City_Hall_%286248466227%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cf/Protest_at_Los_Angeles_City_Hall_%286248466227%29.jpg/440px-Protest_at_Los_Angeles_City_Hall_%286248466227%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="5184" data-file-height="3456" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Occupy_Los_Angeles" title="Occupy Los Angeles">Occupy Los Angeles</a> movement (2011)</figcaption></figure> In general, Democratic strength is centered in the populous <a href="/wiki/Coastal_California" title="Coastal California">coastal regions</a> of the <a href="/wiki/Los_Angeles_metropolitan_area" class="mw-redirect" title="Los Angeles metropolitan area">Los Angeles metropolitan area</a> and the <a href="/wiki/San_Francisco_Bay_Area" title="San Francisco Bay Area">San Francisco Bay Area</a>. Republican strength is still greatest in eastern parts of the state. <a href="/wiki/Orange_County,_California" title="Orange County, California">Orange County</a> had remained largely Republican until the 2016 and 2018 elections, in which a majority of the county's votes were cast for Democratic candidates.<a href="#cite_note-370">[362]</a><a href="#cite_note-371">[363]</a> One study ranked <a href="/wiki/Berkeley_California" class="mw-redirect" title="Berkeley California">Berkeley</a>, <a href="/wiki/Oakland,_California" title="Oakland, California">Oakland</a>, <a href="/wiki/Inglewood,_California" title="Inglewood, California">Inglewood</a> and <a href="/wiki/San_Francisco" title="San Francisco">San Francisco</a> in the top 20 most liberal American cities; and <a href="/wiki/Bakersfield,_California" title="Bakersfield, California">Bakersfield</a>, <a href="/wiki/Orange,_California" title="Orange, California">Orange</a>, <a href="/wiki/Escondido,_California" title="Escondido, California">Escondido</a>, <a href="/wiki/Garden_Grove,_California" title="Garden Grove, California">Garden Grove</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Simi_Valley,_California" title="Simi Valley, California">Simi Valley</a> in the top 20 most conservative cities.<a href="#cite_note-372">[364]</a> In October 2022, out of the 26,876,800 people eligible to vote, 21,940,274 people were registered to vote.<a href="#cite_note-SoS2022GenVotRegStats-373">[365]</a> Of the people registered, the three largest registered groups were Democrats (10,283,258), Republicans (5,232,094), and <a href="/wiki/Independent_voter" title="Independent voter">No Party Preference</a> (4,943,696).<a href="#cite_note-SoS2022GenVotRegStats-373">[365]</a> California retains the <a href="/wiki/Death_penalty_in_California" class="mw-redirect" title="Death penalty in California">death penalty</a>, though it has not been used since 2006.<a href="#cite_note-374">[366]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Twinned_regions">Twinned regions</h3></div> California has <a href="/wiki/City_twinning" class="mw-redirect" title="City twinning">region twinning arrangements</a> with: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Catalonia" title="Catalonia"><img alt="Catalonia" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ce/Flag_of_Catalonia.svg/23px-Flag_of_Catalonia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ce/Flag_of_Catalonia.svg/35px-Flag_of_Catalonia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ce/Flag_of_Catalonia.svg/45px-Flag_of_Catalonia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="810" data-file-height="540" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Catalonia" title="Catalonia">Catalonia</a>, autonomous community of <a href="/wiki/Spain" title="Spain"><img alt="Spain" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/9a/Flag_of_Spain.svg/23px-Flag_of_Spain.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/9a/Flag_of_Spain.svg/35px-Flag_of_Spain.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/9a/Flag_of_Spain.svg/45px-Flag_of_Spain.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="750" data-file-height="500" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Spain" title="Spain">Spain</a><a href="#cite_note-375">[367]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alberta" title="Alberta"><img alt="Alberta" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f5/Flag_of_Alberta.svg/23px-Flag_of_Alberta.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f5/Flag_of_Alberta.svg/35px-Flag_of_Alberta.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f5/Flag_of_Alberta.svg/46px-Flag_of_Alberta.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="500" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Alberta" title="Alberta">Alberta</a>, province of <a href="/wiki/Canada" title="Canada"><img alt="Canada" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d9/Flag_of_Canada_%28Pantone%29.svg/23px-Flag_of_Canada_%28Pantone%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d9/Flag_of_Canada_%28Pantone%29.svg/35px-Flag_of_Canada_%28Pantone%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d9/Flag_of_Canada_%28Pantone%29.svg/46px-Flag_of_Canada_%28Pantone%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Canada" title="Canada">Canada</a><a href="#cite_note-Soir.senate.ca.gov-376">[368]</a><a href="#cite_note-377">[369]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jeju_Province" title="Jeju Province"><img alt="Jeju Province" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b9/Flag_of_Jeju_Province.svg/23px-Flag_of_Jeju_Province.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b9/Flag_of_Jeju_Province.svg/35px-Flag_of_Jeju_Province.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b9/Flag_of_Jeju_Province.svg/46px-Flag_of_Jeju_Province.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="414" data-file-height="273" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Jeju_Province" title="Jeju Province">Jeju Province</a> of <a href="/wiki/South_Korea" title="South Korea"><img alt="South Korea" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/09/Flag_of_South_Korea.svg/23px-Flag_of_South_Korea.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/09/Flag_of_South_Korea.svg/35px-Flag_of_South_Korea.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/09/Flag_of_South_Korea.svg/45px-Flag_of_South_Korea.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a> <a href="/wiki/South_Korea" title="South Korea">South Korea</a><a href="#cite_note-378">[370]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/China" title="China"><img alt="China" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg/45px-Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Guangdong" title="Guangdong">Guangdong</a>, province of <a href="/wiki/China" title="China"><img alt="China" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg/45px-Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a> <a href="/wiki/China" title="China">China</a><a href="#cite_note-379">[371]</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Index_of_California-related_articles" title="Index of California-related articles">Index of California-related articles</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Outline_of_California" title="Outline of California">Outline of California</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_people_from_California" title="List of people from California">List of people from California</a></li></ul> <div style="clear:both;" class=""></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Notes">Notes</h2></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-NAVD88-5">^ <a href="#cite_ref-NAVD88_5-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-NAVD88_5-1">b</a> Elevation adjusted to <a href="/wiki/North_American_Vertical_Datum_of_1988" title="North American Vertical Datum of 1988">North American Vertical Datum of 1988</a> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a> The summit of <a href="/wiki/Mount_Whitney" title="Mount Whitney">Mount Whitney</a> is the highest point in the <a href="/wiki/Contiguous_United_States" title="Contiguous United States">Contiguous United States</a>. </li> <li id="cite_note-186"><a href="#cite_ref-186">^</a> The coordinates of the center of population are at <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1156832818">.mw-parser-output .geo-default,.mw-parser-output .geo-dms,.mw-parser-output .geo-dec{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .geo-nondefault,.mw-parser-output .geo-multi-punct,.mw-parser-output .geo-inline-hidden{display:none}.mw-parser-output .longitude,.mw-parser-output .latitude{white-space:nowrap}</style><a class="external text" href="https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=California&params=35.491035_N_119.347852_W_">35°29′28″N 119°20′52″W / 35.491035°N 119.347852°W / 35.491035; -119.347852</a>.<a href="#cite_note-popCentersByState-185">[183]</a> </li> <li id="cite_note-194"><a href="#cite_ref-194">^</a> Behind <a href="/wiki/Nevada" title="Nevada">Nevada</a> and <a href="/wiki/Arizona" title="Arizona">Arizona</a> </li> <li id="cite_note-202"><a href="#cite_ref-202">^</a> Persons of Hispanic or Latino origin are not distinguished between total and partial ancestry. </li> <li id="cite_note-252"><a href="#cite_ref-252">^</a> The following are a list of the indigenous languages: Root languages of California: Athabaskan Family: Hupa, Mattole, Lassik, Wailaki, Sinkyone, Cahto, Tolowa, Nongatl, Wiyot, Chilula; Hokan Family: Pomo, Shasta, Karok, Chimiriko; Algonquian Family: Whilkut, Yurok; Yukian Family: Wappo; Penutian Family: Modok, Wintu, Nomlaki, Konkow, Maidu, Patwin, Nisenan, Miwok, Coast Miwok, Lake Miwok, Ohlone, Northern Valley Yokuts, Southern Valley Yokuts, Foothill Yokuts; Hokan Family: Esselen, Salinan, Chumash, Ipai, Tipai, Yuma, Halchichoma, Mohave; Uto-Aztecan Family: Mono Paiute, Monache, Owens Valley Paiute, Tubatulabal, Panamint Shoshone, Kawaisu, Kitanemuk, Tataviam, Gabrielino, Juaneno, Luiseno, Cuipeno, Cahuilla, Serrano, Chemehuevi </li> <li id="cite_note-262"><a href="#cite_ref-262">^</a> <a href="/wiki/American_Broadcasting_Company" title="American Broadcasting Company">ABC</a> has the least amount of owned-and-operated TV stations with three: <a href="/wiki/KABC-TV" title="KABC-TV">KABC-TV</a> in Los Angeles, <a href="/wiki/KGO-TV" title="KGO-TV">KGO-TV</a> in San Francisco, and <a href="/wiki/KFSN-TV" title="KFSN-TV">KFSN-TV</a> in Fresno. </li> <li id="cite_note-321"><a href="#cite_ref-321">^</a> Minnesota also has a moratorium on construction of nuclear power plants, which has been in place since 1994.<a href="#cite_note-Minnesota_Nuclear_Moratorium-320">[313]</a> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Citations">Citations</h3></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239543626"><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-America's_story_California-1"><a href="#cite_ref-America's_story_California_1-0">^</a> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output 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Retrieved April 17, 2024.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=Why+Is+California+Called+California%3F&rft.date=2024-04-16&rft.aulast=Karlamangla&rft.aufirst=Soumya&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F2024%2F04%2F16%2Fus%2Fwhy-is-california-called-california.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACalifornia" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Gudde-2010-25">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Gudde-2010_25-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Gudde-2010_25-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGuddeBright2010" class="citation book cs1">Gudde, Erwin G.; Bright, William (2010) [2004]. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=ibMwDwAAQBAJ&pg=PR9">California Place Names: The Origin and Etymology of Current Geographical Names</a>. University of California Press. pp. 59–60. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-520-26619-3" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-520-26619-3"><bdi>978-0-520-26619-3</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=California+Place+Names%3A+The+Origin+and+Etymology+of+Current+Geographical+Names&rft.pages=59-60&rft.pub=University+of+California+Press&rft.date=2010&rft.isbn=978-0-520-26619-3&rft.aulast=Gudde&rft.aufirst=Erwin+G.&rft.au=Bright%2C+William&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DibMwDwAAQBAJ%26pg%3DPR9&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACalifornia" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-26"><a href="#cite_ref-26">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPutnam1917" class="citation book cs1">Putnam, Ruth (1917). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/cu31924008278347">"Appendix A: Etymology of the Word 'California': Surmises and Usage"</a>. In Priestley, Herbert Ingram (ed.). California: The name. Berkeley: University of California. pp. 356–361.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Appendix+A%3A+Etymology+of+the+Word+%27California%27%3A+Surmises+and+Usage&rft.btitle=California%3A+The+name&rft.place=Berkeley&rft.pages=356-361&rft.pub=University+of+California&rft.date=1917&rft.aulast=Putnam&rft.aufirst=Ruth&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fcu31924008278347&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACalifornia" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-27"><a href="#cite_ref-27">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFVogeley2001" class="citation journal cs1">Vogeley, Nancy (April 20, 2001). "How Chivalry Formed the Myth of California". Modern Language Quarterly. 62 (2): 165–188. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1215%2F00267929-62-2-165">10.1215/00267929-62-2-165</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0026-7929">0026-7929</a>. <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:163100071">163100071</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Modern+Language+Quarterly&rft.atitle=How+Chivalry+Formed+the+Myth+of+California&rft.volume=62&rft.issue=2&rft.pages=165-188&rft.date=2001-04-20&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A163100071%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft.issn=0026-7929&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1215%2F00267929-62-2-165&rft.aulast=Vogeley&rft.aufirst=Nancy&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACalifornia" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-28"><a href="#cite_ref-28">^</a> Klein, Barry T. Reference Encyclopedia of the American Indian. 7th ed. West Nyack, NY: Todd Publications, 1995 </li> <li id="cite_note-29"><a href="#cite_ref-29">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFEargle2008" class="citation book cs1">Eargle, Dolan H. Jr. (2008). Native California guide: an introduction to the original peoples from earliest to modern times. Fred Dodsworth (Ed. 2008 ed.). San Francisco: Trees Co. Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-937401-11-8" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-937401-11-8"><bdi>978-0-937401-11-8</bdi></a>. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/212858363">212858363</a>. <q>Estimates of the Native population in 1776 range from 300,000 to one million.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Native+California+guide%3A+an+introduction+to+the+original+peoples+from+earliest+to+modern+times&rft.place=San+Francisco&rft.edition=Ed.+2008&rft.pub=Trees+Co.+Press&rft.date=2008&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F212858363&rft.isbn=978-0-937401-11-8&rft.aulast=Eargle&rft.aufirst=Dolan+H.+Jr.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACalifornia" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-30"><a href="#cite_ref-30">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://nahc.ca.gov/resources/california-indian-history/">"California Indian History – California Native American Heritage Commission"</a>. nahc.ca.gov. Retrieved November 25, 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=nahc.ca.gov&rft.atitle=California+Indian+History+%E2%80%93+California+Native+American+Heritage+Commission&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fnahc.ca.gov%2Fresources%2Fcalifornia-indian-history%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACalifornia" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-:17-31"><a href="#cite_ref-:17_31-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBlackburn,_Thomas_C._and_Kat_Anderson1993" class="citation book cs1">Blackburn, Thomas C. and Kat Anderson, ed. (1993). Before the Wilderness: Environmental Management by Native Californians. Menlo Park, California: Ballena Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-87919-126-0" title="Special:BookSources/0-87919-126-0"><bdi>0-87919-126-0</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Before+the+Wilderness%3A+Environmental+Management+by+Native+Californians&rft.place=Menlo+Park%2C+California&rft.pub=Ballena+Press&rft.date=1993&rft.isbn=0-87919-126-0&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACalifornia" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Cunningham2010-32"><a href="#cite_ref-Cunningham2010_32-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCunningham2010" class="citation book cs1">Cunningham, Laura (2010). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=nuYuYGHwCygC&pg=PA135">State of Change: Forgotten Landscapes of California</a>. Berkeley, California: Heyday. pp. 135, 173–202. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-59714-136-9" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-59714-136-9"><bdi>978-1-59714-136-9</bdi></a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160427074202/https://books.google.com/books?id=nuYuYGHwCygC&pg=PA135">Archived</a> from the original on April 27, 2016. Retrieved March 3, 2016.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=State+of+Change%3A+Forgotten+Landscapes+of+California&rft.place=Berkeley%2C+California&rft.pages=135%2C+173-202&rft.pub=Heyday&rft.date=2010&rft.isbn=978-1-59714-136-9&rft.aulast=Cunningham&rft.aufirst=Laura&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DnuYuYGHwCygC%26pg%3DPA135&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACalifornia" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-33"><a href="#cite_ref-33">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAnderson2006" class="citation book cs1">Anderson, M. Kat (2006). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/tendingwildnativ0000ande">Tending the Wild: Native American Knowledge And the Management of California's Natural Resources</a>. University of California Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-520-24851-1" title="Special:BookSources/0-520-24851-1"><bdi>0-520-24851-1</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Tending+the+Wild%3A+Native+American+Knowledge+And+the+Management+of+California%27s+Natural+Resources&rft.pub=University+of+California+Press&rft.date=2006&rft.isbn=0-520-24851-1&rft.aulast=Anderson&rft.aufirst=M.+Kat&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Ftendingwildnativ0000ande&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACalifornia" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-34"><a href="#cite_ref-34">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSugiharaJan_W._Van_WagtendonkShafferFites-Kaufman2006" class="citation book cs1">Sugihara, Neil G.; Jan W. Van Wagtendonk; Shaffer, Kevin E.; Fites-Kaufman, Joann; Thode, Andrea E., eds. (2006). "17". <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/firecaliforniase00sugi">Fire in California's Ecosystems</a>. University of California Press. pp. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/firecaliforniase00sugi/page/n433">417</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-520-24605-8" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-520-24605-8"><bdi>978-0-520-24605-8</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=17&rft.btitle=Fire+in+California%27s+Ecosystems&rft.pages=417&rft.pub=University+of+California+Press&rft.date=2006&rft.isbn=978-0-520-24605-8&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Ffirecaliforniase00sugi&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACalifornia" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-:7-35"><a href="#cite_ref-:7_35-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFElassar2022" class="citation web cs1">Elassar, Alaa (April 3, 2022). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.cnn.com/2022/04/03/us/california-native-american-fire-practitioners-wildfires-climate/index.html">"California once prohibited Native American fire practices. Now, it's asking tribes to use them to help prevent wildfires"</a>. CNN. Retrieved January 4, 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=CNN&rft.atitle=California+once+prohibited+Native+American+fire+practices.+Now%2C+it%27s+asking+tribes+to+use+them+to+help+prevent+wildfires&rft.date=2022-04-03&rft.aulast=Elassar&rft.aufirst=Alaa&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.cnn.com%2F2022%2F04%2F03%2Fus%2Fcalifornia-native-american-fire-practitioners-wildfires-climate%2Findex.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACalifornia" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-36"><a href="#cite_ref-36">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSutton2021" class="citation book cs1">Sutton, Mark Q. (2021). "A Broad Portrait of California Native Societies". An introduction to native North America (eBook) (6th ed.). New York. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-367-54046-3" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-367-54046-3"><bdi>978-0-367-54046-3</bdi></a>. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/1204267735">1204267735</a>. <q>Though actual battles with numerous combatants were sometimes fought, most armed conflict concerned small groups of men bent on revenge. Acquiring territory was not usually the goal of warfare.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=A+Broad+Portrait+of+California+Native+Societies&rft.btitle=An+introduction+to+native+North+America&rft.place=New+York&rft.edition=6th&rft.date=2021&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F1204267735&rft.isbn=978-0-367-54046-3&rft.aulast=Sutton&rft.aufirst=Mark+Q.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACalifornia" class="Z3988"><code class="cs1-code">{{<a href="/wiki/Template:Cite_book" title="Template:Cite book">cite book</a>}}</code>: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (<a href="/wiki/Category:CS1_maint:_location_missing_publisher" title="Category:CS1 maint: location missing publisher">link</a>) </li> <li id="cite_note-37"><a href="#cite_ref-37">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKroeber1912" class="citation book cs1">Kroeber, Alfred Louis (1912). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=4pcKAQAAIAAJ">Phonetic Constituents of the Native Languages of California</a>. University Press. p. 164. <q>The institution of berdaches or women-men is one of frequent occurrence among the California natives... Among the coastal stocks south of San Francisco the custom flourished, and the individuals, termed 'joyas' by the Spanish...</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Phonetic+Constituents+of+the+Native+Languages+of+California&rft.pages=164&rft.pub=University+Press&rft.date=1912&rft.aulast=Kroeber&rft.aufirst=Alfred+Louis&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D4pcKAQAAIAAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACalifornia" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-:6-38">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:6_38-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-:6_38-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-:6_38-2">c</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMiranda2010" class="citation journal cs1">Miranda, Deborah A. (April 1, 2010). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://read.dukeupress.edu/glq/article/16/1-2/253/34704/EXTERMINATION-OF-THE-JOYASGendercide-in-Spanish">"Extermination of the Joyas: Gendercide in Spanish California"</a>. GLQ: A Journal of Lesbian and Gay Studies. 16 (1–2): 253–284. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1215%2F10642684-2009-022">10.1215/10642684-2009-022</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/1064-2684">1064-2684</a>. <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:145480469">145480469</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=GLQ%3A+A+Journal+of+Lesbian+and+Gay+Studies&rft.atitle=Extermination+of+the+Joyas%3A+Gendercide+in+Spanish+California&rft.volume=16&rft.issue=1%E2%80%932&rft.pages=253-284&rft.date=2010-04-01&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A145480469%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft.issn=1064-2684&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1215%2F10642684-2009-022&rft.aulast=Miranda&rft.aufirst=Deborah+A.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fread.dukeupress.edu%2Fglq%2Farticle%2F16%2F1-2%2F253%2F34704%2FEXTERMINATION-OF-THE-JOYASGendercide-in-Spanish&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACalifornia" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-39"><a href="#cite_ref-39">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPreucelMrozowski2010" class="citation book cs1">Preucel, Robert W.; Mrozowski, Stephen A., eds. (2010). Contemporary archaeology in theory: the new pragmatism (2nd ed.). Chichester, U.K.: Wiley-Blackwell. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-4051-5832-9" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-4051-5832-9"><bdi>978-1-4051-5832-9</bdi></a>. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/495597287">495597287</a>. <q>In 1775, Alta California Governor Pedro Fages observed that there were two to three joyas in each village, and that all Indians were consequently addicted to 'this abominable vice.'</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Contemporary+archaeology+in+theory%3A+the+new+pragmatism&rft.place=Chichester%2C+U.K.&rft.edition=2nd&rft.pub=Wiley-Blackwell&rft.date=2010&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F495597287&rft.isbn=978-1-4051-5832-9&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACalifornia" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTERolle199820–21-40"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTERolle199820–21_40-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFRolle1998">Rolle 1998</a>, pp. 20–21. </li> <li id="cite_note-41"><a href="#cite_ref-41">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFTillmanScheurich2013" class="citation book cs1">Tillman, Linda C.; Scheurich, James Joseph (August 21, 2013). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=vSKAAAAAQBAJ&pg=PA202">The Handbook of Research on Educational Leadership for Equity and Diversity</a>. Routledge. p. 202. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-135-12843-2" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-135-12843-2"><bdi>978-1-135-12843-2</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Handbook+of+Research+on+Educational+Leadership+for+Equity+and+Diversity&rft.pages=202&rft.pub=Routledge&rft.date=2013-08-21&rft.isbn=978-1-135-12843-2&rft.aulast=Tillman&rft.aufirst=Linda+C.&rft.au=Scheurich%2C+James+Joseph&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DvSKAAAAAQBAJ%26pg%3DPA202&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACalifornia" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-42"><a href="#cite_ref-42">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHuping_Ling2009" class="citation book cs1">Huping Ling (April 29, 2009). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=K-DdvbJM_gQC&pg=PA109">Asian America: Forming New Communities, Expanding Boundaries</a>. 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Retrieved July 18, 2018. <q>NOTE: Adult education, community services and other nonelementary-secondary program expenditures are excluded.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Governing&rft.atitle=Education+Spending+Per+Student+by+State&rft.date=2018-06-01&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.governing.com%2Fgov-data%2Feducation-data%2Fstate-education-spending-per-pupil-data.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACalifornia" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Urban_study-271"><a href="#cite_ref-Urban_study_271-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGordonIselin2017" class="citation web cs1">Gordon, Tracy; Iselin, John (January 1, 2017). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://apps.urban.org/features/what-drives-state-spending/">"What Everyone Should Know about Their State's Budget"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Urban_Institute" title="Urban Institute">Urban Institute</a>. 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Retrieved December 15, 2018.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=5.+Report+for+Selected+Countries+and+Subjects&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.imf.org%2Fexternal%2Fpubs%2Fft%2Fweo%2F2016%2F01%2Fweodata%2Fweorept.aspx%3Fpr.x%3D69%26pr.y%3D15%26sy%3D2018%26ey%3D2018%26scsm%3D1%26ssd%3D1%26sort%3Dcountry%26ds%3D.%26br%3D1%26c%3D512%252C672%252C914%252C946%252C612%252C137%252C614%252C546%252C311%252C962%252C213%252C674%252C911%252C676%252C193%252C548%252C122%252C556%252C912%252C678%252C313%252C181%252C419%252C867%252C513%252C682%252C316%252C684%252C913%252C273%252C124%252C868%252C339%252C921%252C638%252C948%252C514%252C943%252C218%252C686%252C963%252C688%252C616%252C518%252C223%252C728%252C516%252C558%252C918%252C138%252C748%252C196%252C618%252C278%252C624%252C692%252C522%252C694%252C622%252C142%252C156%252C449%252C626%252C564%252C628%252C565%252C228%252C283%252C924%252C853%252C233%252C288%252C632%252C293%252C636%252C566%252C634%252C964%252C238%252C182%252C662%252C359%252C960%252C453%252C423%252C968%252C935%252C922%252C128%252C714%252C611%252C862%252C321%252C135%252C243%252C716%252C248%252C456%252C469%252C722%252C253%252C942%252C642%252C718%252C643%252C724%252C939%252C576%252C644%252C936%252C819%252C961%252C172%252C813%252C132%252C199%252C646%252C733%252C648%252C184%252C915%252C524%252C134%252C361%252C652%252C362%252C174%252C364%252C328%252C732%252C258%252C366%252C656%252C734%252C654%252C144%252C336%252C146%252C263%252C463%252C268%252C528%252C532%252C923%252C944%252C738%252C176%252C578%252C534%252C537%252C536%252C742%252C429%252C866%252C433%252C369%252C178%252C744%252C436%252C186%252C136%252C925%252C343%252C869%252C158%252C746%252C439%252C926%252C916%252C466%252C664%252C112%252C826%252C111%252C542%252C298%252C967%252C927%252C443%252C846%252C917%252C299%252C544%252C582%252C941%252C474%252C446%252C754%252C666%252C698%252C668%26s%3DNGDPD%26grp%3D0%26a%3D&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACalifornia" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-305"><a href="#cite_ref-305">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bea.gov/sites/default/files/2022-12/lagdp1222.pdf">"GDP by county in 2021"</a> (PDF).</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=GDP+by+county+in+2021&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.bea.gov%2Fsites%2Fdefault%2Ffiles%2F2022-12%2Flagdp1222.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACalifornia" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-306"><a href="#cite_ref-306">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFNunes2009" class="citation news cs1">Nunes, Devin (January 10, 2009). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.wsj.com/articles/SB123154816733469917">"California's Gold Rush Has Been Reversed"</a>. 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Retrieved October 27, 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Senate+Office+of+International+Relations&rft.atitle=State+of+California+and+Guangdong+Province+Sister+State+Agreement&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fsoir.senate.ca.gov%2Fcontent%2Fstate-california-and-guangdong-province-sister-state-agreement&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACalifornia" class="Z3988"> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Works_cited">Works cited</h3></div> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCohen2003" class="citation book cs1">Cohen, Saul Bernard (2003). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=QkMD8HKRlgoC&pg=PA115">Geopolitics of the World System</a>. Rowman & Littlefield. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-8476-9907-0" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-8476-9907-0"><bdi>978-0-8476-9907-0</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Geopolitics+of+the+World+System&rft.pub=Rowman+%26+Littlefield&rft.date=2003&rft.isbn=978-0-8476-9907-0&rft.aulast=Cohen&rft.aufirst=Saul+Bernard&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DQkMD8HKRlgoC%26pg%3DPA115&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACalifornia" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRolle1998" class="citation book cs1">Rolle, Andrew (1998) [1963]. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/californiahisto000roll">California: A History</a> (5th ed.). Wheeling, IL: Harlan Davidson. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-88295-938-7" title="Special:BookSources/0-88295-938-7"><bdi>0-88295-938-7</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=California%3A+A+History&rft.place=Wheeling%2C+IL&rft.edition=5th&rft.pub=Harlan+Davidson&rft.date=1998&rft.isbn=0-88295-938-7&rft.aulast=Rolle&rft.aufirst=Andrew&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fcaliforniahisto000roll&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACalifornia" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFStarr2007" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Kevin_Starr" title="Kevin Starr">Starr, Kevin</a> (2007). California: A History. Modern Library Chronicles. Vol. 23. Random House Digital, Inc. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-8129-7753-0" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-8129-7753-0"><bdi>978-0-8129-7753-0</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=California%3A+A+History&rft.series=Modern+Library+Chronicles&rft.pub=Random+House+Digital%2C+Inc.&rft.date=2007&rft.isbn=978-0-8129-7753-0&rft.aulast=Starr&rft.aufirst=Kevin&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACalifornia" class="Z3988"></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Further_reading">Further reading</h2></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Bibliography_of_California_history" title="Bibliography of California history">Bibliography of California history</a></div> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFChartkoffChartkoff,_Kerry_Kona1984" class="citation book cs1">Chartkoff, Joseph L.; Chartkoff, Kerry Kona (1984). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/archaeologyofcal00char">The archaeology of California</a>. Stanford: <a href="/wiki/Stanford_University_Press" title="Stanford University Press">Stanford University Press</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-8047-1157-9" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-8047-1157-9"><bdi>978-0-8047-1157-9</bdi></a>. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/11351549">11351549</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+archaeology+of+California&rft.place=Stanford&rft.pub=Stanford+University+Press&rft.date=1984&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F11351549&rft.isbn=978-0-8047-1157-9&rft.aulast=Chartkoff&rft.aufirst=Joseph+L.&rft.au=Chartkoff%2C+Kerry+Kona&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Farchaeologyofcal00char&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACalifornia" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFFagan2003" class="citation book cs1">Fagan, Brian (2003). Before California: An archaeologist looks at our earliest inhabitants. Lanham, MD: <a href="/wiki/Rowman_%26_Littlefield_Publishers" class="mw-redirect" title="Rowman & Littlefield Publishers">Rowman & Littlefield Publishers</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-7425-2794-2" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-7425-2794-2"><bdi>978-0-7425-2794-2</bdi></a>. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/226025645">226025645</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Before+California%3A+An+archaeologist+looks+at+our+earliest+inhabitants&rft.place=Lanham%2C+MD&rft.pub=Rowman+%26+Littlefield+Publishers&rft.date=2003&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F226025645&rft.isbn=978-0-7425-2794-2&rft.aulast=Fagan&rft.aufirst=Brian&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACalifornia" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHart1978" class="citation book cs1">Hart, James D. (1978). A Companion to California. New York, NY: <a href="/wiki/Oxford_University_Press" title="Oxford University Press">Oxford University Press</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-19-502400-5" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-19-502400-5"><bdi>978-0-19-502400-5</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=A+Companion+to+California&rft.place=New+York%2C+NY&rft.pub=Oxford+University+Press&rft.date=1978&rft.isbn=978-0-19-502400-5&rft.aulast=Hart&rft.aufirst=James+D.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACalifornia" class="Z3988"></li> <li>Matthews, Glenna. The Golden State in the Civil War: Thomas Starr King, the Republican Party, and the Birth of Modern California. New York: Cambridge University Press, 2012.</li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMorattoFredrickson,_David_A.1984" class="citation book cs1">Moratto, Michael J.; Fredrickson, David A. (1984). California archaeology. Orlando: <a href="/wiki/Academic_Press" title="Academic Press">Academic Press</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-12-506182-7" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-12-506182-7"><bdi>978-0-12-506182-7</bdi></a>. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/228668979">228668979</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=California+archaeology&rft.place=Orlando&rft.pub=Academic+Press&rft.date=1984&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F228668979&rft.isbn=978-0-12-506182-7&rft.aulast=Moratto&rft.aufirst=Michael+J.&rft.au=Fredrickson%2C+David+A.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACalifornia" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFNewmark1916" class="citation book cs1">Newmark, Harris (1916). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/stream/sixtyyearsinsout00newmrich#page/n7/mode/2up">Sixty Years in Southern California 1853-1913</a>. New York: The Knickerbacker Press.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Sixty+Years+in+Southern+California+1853-1913&rft.place=New+York&rft.pub=The+Knickerbacker+Press&rft.date=1916&rft.aulast=Newmark&rft.aufirst=Harris&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fstream%2Fsixtyyearsinsout00newmrich%23page%2Fn7%2Fmode%2F2up&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACalifornia" class="Z3988"></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1235681985">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #aaa;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em;background-color:var(--background-color-interactive-subtle,#f8f9fa);display:flow-root}.mw-parser-output .side-box-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{padding:0.25em 0.9em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-image{padding:2px 0 2px 0.9em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-imageright{padding:2px 0.9em 2px 0;text-align:center}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .side-box-flex{display:flex;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{flex:1;min-width:0}}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .side-box{width:238px}.mw-parser-output .side-box-right{clear:right;float:right;margin-left:1em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-left{margin-right:1em}}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1250146164">.mw-parser-output .sister-box .side-box-abovebelow{padding:0.75em 0;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .sister-box .side-box-abovebelow>b{display:block}.mw-parser-output .sister-box .side-box-text>ul{border-top:1px solid #aaa;padding:0.75em 0;width:217px;margin:0 auto}.mw-parser-output .sister-box .side-box-text>ul>li{min-height:31px}.mw-parser-output .sister-logo{display:inline-block;width:31px;line-height:31px;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .sister-link{display:inline-block;margin-left:4px;width:182px;vertical-align:middle}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox{display:none!important}}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}</style><div role="navigation" aria-labelledby="sister-projects" class="side-box metadata side-box-right sister-box sistersitebox plainlinks"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"> <div class="side-box-abovebelow"> California at Wikipedia's <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Wikimedia_sister_projects" title="Wikipedia:Wikimedia sister projects">sister projects</a></div> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-text plainlist"><ul><li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/06/Wiktionary-logo-v2.svg/27px-Wiktionary-logo-v2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="27" height="27" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/06/Wiktionary-logo-v2.svg/41px-Wiktionary-logo-v2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/06/Wiktionary-logo-v2.svg/54px-Wiktionary-logo-v2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="391" data-file-height="391" /><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/California" class="extiw" title="wikt:California">Definitions</a> from Wiktionary</li><li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/20px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="27" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/30px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/40px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:California" class="extiw" title="c:Category:California">Media</a> from Commons</li><li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/24/Wikinews-logo.svg/27px-Wikinews-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="27" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/24/Wikinews-logo.svg/41px-Wikinews-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/24/Wikinews-logo.svg/54px-Wikinews-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="759" data-file-height="415" /><a href="https://en.wikinews.org/wiki/Category:California" class="extiw" title="n:Category:California">News</a> from Wikinews</li><li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikiquote-logo.svg/23px-Wikiquote-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="27" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikiquote-logo.svg/35px-Wikiquote-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikiquote-logo.svg/46px-Wikiquote-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="355" /><a href="https://en.wikiquote.org/wiki/California" class="extiw" title="q:California">Quotations</a> from Wikiquote</li><li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/26px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="26" height="27" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/39px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/51px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="410" data-file-height="430" /><a href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/Portal:California" class="extiw" title="s:Portal:California">Texts</a> from Wikisource</li><li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikibooks-logo.svg/27px-Wikibooks-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="27" height="27" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikibooks-logo.svg/41px-Wikibooks-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikibooks-logo.svg/54px-Wikibooks-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /><a href="https://en.wikibooks.org/wiki/Special:Search/California" class="extiw" title="b:Special:Search/California">Textbooks</a> from Wikibooks</li><li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0b/Wikiversity_logo_2017.svg/27px-Wikiversity_logo_2017.svg.png" decoding="async" width="27" height="22" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0b/Wikiversity_logo_2017.svg/41px-Wikiversity_logo_2017.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0b/Wikiversity_logo_2017.svg/54px-Wikiversity_logo_2017.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="626" data-file-height="512" /><a href="https://en.wikiversity.org/wiki/Special:Search/California" class="extiw" title="v:Special:Search/California">Resources</a> from Wikiversity</li><li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg/27px-Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg.png" decoding="async" width="27" height="27" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg/41px-Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg/54px-Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="193" data-file-height="193" /><a href="https://en.wikivoyage.org/wiki/California" class="extiw" title="voy:California">Travel information</a> from Wikivoyage</li></ul></div></div> </div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ca.gov/">State of California</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.loc.gov/rr/program/bib/states/california/index.html">California State Guide, from the Library of Congress</a></li> <li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Openstreetmap_logo.svg/16px-Openstreetmap_logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Openstreetmap_logo.svg/24px-Openstreetmap_logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Openstreetmap_logo.svg/32px-Openstreetmap_logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="256" data-file-height="256" /> Geographic data related to <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.openstreetmap.org/relation/165475">California</a> at <a href="/wiki/OpenStreetMap" title="OpenStreetMap">OpenStreetMap</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://data.ca.gov/">data.ca.gov: open data portal from California state agencies</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ers.usda.gov/data-products/state-fact-sheets/state-data.aspx?StateFIPS=06&StateName=California">California State Facts from USDA</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150422235318/http://www.ers.usda.gov/topics/in-the-news/california-drought-farm-and-food-impacts.aspx">California Drought: Farm and Food Impacts from USDA, Economic Research Service</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://diva.sfsu.edu/collections/sfbatv/bundles/188919">1973 documentary featuring aerial views of the California coastline from Mt. Shasta to Los Angeles</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://waterandpower.org/museum/Early_City_Views%20(1800s)_Page_1.html/">Early City Views (Los Angeles)</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20201013171441/https://waterandpower.org/museum/Early_City_Views%20%281800s%29_Page_1.html">Archived</a> October 13, 2020, at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a></li></ul> <table class="wikitable succession-box noprint" style="margin:0.5em auto; font-size:small;clear:both;"> <tbody><tr style="text-align:center;"> <td style="width:30%;" rowspan="1">Preceded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/Wisconsin" title="Wisconsin">Wisconsin</a></div> </td> <td style="width: 40%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1"> <a href="/wiki/List_of_U.S._states_by_date_of_statehood" class="mw-redirect" title="List of U.S. states by date of statehood">List of U.S. states by date of statehood</a> Admitted on September 9, 1850 (31st) </td> <td style="width: 30%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1">Succeeded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/Minnesota" title="Minnesota">Minnesota</a></div> </td></tr> </tbody></table> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236075235">.mw-parser-output .navbox{box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #a2a9b1;width:100%;clear:both;font-size:88%;text-align:center;padding:1px;margin:1em auto 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbox{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox,.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox-styles+.navbox{margin-top:-1px}.mw-parser-output .navbox-inner,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup{width:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-title,.mw-parser-output .navbox-abovebelow{padding:0.25em 1em;line-height:1.5em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .navbox-group{white-space:nowrap;text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .navbox,.mw-parser-output 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dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li li:last-child::after{content:")";font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol{counter-reset:listitem}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol>li{counter-increment:listitem}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol>li::before{content:" "counter(listitem)"\a0 "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd ol>li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt ol>li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li ol>li:first-child::before{content:" ("counter(listitem)"\a0 "}</style><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="State_of_California" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2" style="background-color:#FCC200;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239400231">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:114%;margin:0 7em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:114%;margin:0 4em}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:California" title="Template:California"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:California" title="Template talk:California"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:California" title="Special:EditPage/Template:California"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="State_of_California" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/U.S._state" title="U.S. state">State</a> of <a class="mw-selflink selflink">California</a></div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2" style="background-color:#FCC200;"><div><a href="/wiki/Sacramento,_California" title="Sacramento, California">Sacramento</a> (capital)</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background-color:#FCC200;;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Outline_of_California" title="Outline of California">Topics</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Culture_of_California" title="Culture of California">Culture</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cuisine_of_California" title="Cuisine of California">food</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Music_of_California" title="Music of California">music</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Languages_of_California" class="mw-redirect" title="Languages of California">languages</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/California_sound" title="California sound">California sound</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sports_in_California" title="Sports in California">sports</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/California_Dream" title="California Dream">California Dream</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Crime_in_California" title="Crime in California">Crime</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Demographics_of_California" title="Demographics of California">Demographics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_earthquakes_in_California" title="List of earthquakes in California">Earthquakes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Economy_of_California" title="Economy of California">Economy</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Agriculture_in_California" title="Agriculture in California">agriculture</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Education_in_California" title="Education in California">Education</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Environment_of_California" title="Environment of California">Environment</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Geography_of_California" title="Geography of California">Geography</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Climate_of_California" title="Climate of California">climate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ecology_of_California" title="Ecology of California">ecology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/California_Floristic_Province" title="California Floristic Province">flora</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fauna_of_California" title="Fauna of California">fauna</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Government_of_California" title="Government of California">Government</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/California_State_Capitol" title="California State Capitol">Capitol</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Districts_in_California" title="Districts in California">districts</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Governor_of_California" title="Governor of California">governor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/California_State_Legislature" title="California State Legislature">legislature</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Supreme_Court_of_California" title="Supreme Court of California">Supreme Court</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Healthcare_in_California" title="Healthcare in California">Healthcare</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Abortion_in_California" title="Abortion in California">Abortion</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_California" title="History of California">History</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Law_of_California" title="Law of California">Law</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/LGBT_rights_in_California" class="mw-redirect" title="LGBT rights in California">LGBT rights</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_National_Historic_Landmarks_in_California" title="List of National Historic Landmarks in California">National Historic Landmarks</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_National_Natural_Landmarks_in_California" title="List of National Natural Landmarks in California">National Natural Landmarks</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Register_of_Historic_Places_listings_in_California" title="National Register of Historic Places listings in California">NRHP listings</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Politics_of_California" title="Politics of California">Politics</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/United_States_congressional_delegations_from_California" title="United States congressional delegations from California">congressional delegations</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elections_in_California" title="Elections in California">elections</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_people_from_California" title="List of people from California">People</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/California_protected_areas" class="mw-redirect" title="California protected areas">Protected areas</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_California_state_parks" title="List of California state parks">state parks</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_California_Historical_Landmarks" title="List of California Historical Landmarks">state historic landmarks</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_California_state_symbols" title="List of California state symbols">Symbols</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Transportation_in_California" title="Transportation in California">Transportation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Water_in_California" title="Water in California">Water</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Index_of_California-related_articles" title="Index of California-related articles">Index of articles</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background-color:#FCC200;;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/List_of_regions_of_California" title="List of regions of California">Regions</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Antelope_Valley" title="Antelope Valley">Antelope Valley</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Big_Sur" title="Big Sur">Big Sur</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/California_Coast_Ranges" title="California Coast Ranges">California Coast Ranges</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cascade_Range" title="Cascade Range">Cascade Range</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Central_California" title="Central California">Central California</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Central_Coast_(California)" title="Central Coast (California)">Central Coast</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Central_Valley_(California)" title="Central Valley (California)">Central Valley</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Channel_Islands_(California)" title="Channel Islands (California)">Channel Islands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Coachella_Valley" title="Coachella Valley">Coachella Valley</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Coastal_California" title="Coastal California">Coastal California</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Conejo_Valley" title="Conejo Valley">Conejo Valley</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cucamonga_Valley" title="Cucamonga Valley">Cucamonga Valley</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Death_Valley" title="Death Valley">Death Valley</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/East_Bay_(San_Francisco_Bay_Area)" class="mw-redirect" title="East Bay (San Francisco Bay Area)">East Bay (SF Bay Area)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/East_County,_San_Diego" title="East County, San Diego">East County (SD)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eastern_California" title="Eastern California">Eastern California</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Emerald_Triangle" title="Emerald Triangle">Emerald Triangle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gold_Country" title="Gold Country">Gold Country</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Great_Basin" title="Great Basin">Great Basin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/San_Bernardino_Valley" title="San Bernardino Valley">Greater San Bernardino</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Inland_Empire" title="Inland Empire">Inland Empire</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Klamath_Basin" title="Klamath Basin">Klamath Basin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lake_Tahoe" title="Lake Tahoe">Lake Tahoe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Greater_Los_Angeles_Area" class="mw-redirect" title="Greater Los Angeles Area">Greater Los Angeles</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Los_Angeles_Basin" title="Los Angeles Basin">Los Angeles Basin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lost_Coast" title="Lost Coast">Lost Coast</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mojave_Desert" title="Mojave Desert">Mojave Desert</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mountain_Empire,_San_Diego" title="Mountain Empire, San Diego">Mountain Empire</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/North_Bay_(San_Francisco_Bay_Area)" title="North Bay (San Francisco Bay Area)">North Bay (SF)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/North_Coast_(California)" title="North Coast (California)">North Coast</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/North_County_(San_Diego_area)" title="North County (San Diego area)">North County (SD)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Northern_California" title="Northern California">Northern California</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Orange_Coast" title="Orange Coast">Orange Coast</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Owens_Valley" title="Owens Valley">Owens Valley</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oxnard_Plain" title="Oxnard Plain">Oxnard Plain</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peninsular_Ranges" title="Peninsular Ranges">Peninsular Ranges</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pomona_Valley" title="Pomona Valley">Pomona Valley</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sacramento%E2%80%93San_Joaquin_River_Delta" title="Sacramento–San Joaquin River Delta">Sacramento–San Joaquin River Delta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sacramento_Valley" title="Sacramento Valley">Sacramento Valley</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saddleback_Valley" title="Saddleback Valley">Saddleback Valley</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Salinas_Valley" title="Salinas Valley">Salinas Valley</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/San_Fernando_Valley" title="San Fernando Valley">San Fernando Valley</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/San_Francisco_Bay_Area" title="San Francisco Bay Area">San Francisco Bay Area</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/San_Francisco_Peninsula" title="San Francisco Peninsula">San Francisco Peninsula</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/San_Gabriel_Valley" title="San Gabriel Valley">San Gabriel Valley</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/San_Joaquin_Valley" title="San Joaquin Valley">San Joaquin Valley</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Santa_Clara_Valley" title="Santa Clara Valley">Santa Clara Valley</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Santa_Clara_River_Valley" title="Santa Clara River Valley">Santa Clara River Valley</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Santa_Clarita_Valley" title="Santa Clarita Valley">Santa Clarita Valley</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Santa_Ynez_Valley" title="Santa Ynez Valley">Santa Ynez Valley</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shasta_Cascade" title="Shasta Cascade">Shasta Cascade</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sierra_Nevada" title="Sierra Nevada">Sierra Nevada</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Silicon_Valley" title="Silicon Valley">Silicon Valley</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/South_Bay_(Los_Angeles_County)" title="South Bay (Los Angeles County)">South Bay (LA)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/South_Bay,_San_Diego" class="mw-redirect" title="South Bay, San Diego">South Bay (SD)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Santa_Clara_Valley#San_Francisco_South_Bay" title="Santa Clara Valley">South Bay (SF)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/South_Coast_(California)" title="South Coast (California)">South Coast</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Southern_Border_Region_(California)" title="Southern Border Region (California)">Southern Border Region</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Southern_California" title="Southern California">Southern California</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Transverse_Ranges" title="Transverse Ranges">Transverse Ranges</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tri-Valley" title="Tri-Valley">Tri-Valley</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Victor_Valley" title="Victor Valley">Victor Valley</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wine_Country_(California)" class="mw-redirect" title="Wine Country (California)">Wine Country</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background-color:#FCC200;;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Metropolitan_statistical_area" title="Metropolitan statistical area">Metro regions</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Metropolitan_Fresno" title="Metropolitan Fresno">Fresno–Madera</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Greater_Los_Angeles" title="Greater Los Angeles">Los Angeles-Long Beach-Anaheim</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sacramento_metropolitan_area" title="Sacramento metropolitan area">Sacramento–Roseville</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Inland_Empire" title="Inland Empire">Riverside–San Bernardino–Ontario</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/San_Diego%E2%80%93Tijuana" title="San Diego–Tijuana">San Diego–Tijuana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/San_Jose%E2%80%93San_Francisco%E2%80%93Oakland,_CA_Combined_Statistical_Area" class="mw-redirect" title="San Jose–San Francisco–Oakland, CA Combined Statistical Area">San Jose–San Francisco–Oakland</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background-color:#FCC200;;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/List_of_counties_in_California" title="List of counties in California">Counties</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Alameda_County,_California" title="Alameda County, California">Alameda</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alpine_County,_California" title="Alpine County, California">Alpine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Amador_County,_California" title="Amador County, California">Amador</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Butte_County,_California" title="Butte County, California">Butte</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Calaveras_County,_California" title="Calaveras County, California">Calaveras</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Colusa_County,_California" title="Colusa County, California">Colusa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Contra_Costa_County,_California" title="Contra Costa County, California">Contra Costa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Del_Norte_County,_California" title="Del Norte County, California">Del Norte</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/El_Dorado_County,_California" title="El Dorado County, California">El Dorado</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fresno_County,_California" title="Fresno County, California">Fresno</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Glenn_County,_California" title="Glenn County, California">Glenn</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Humboldt_County,_California" title="Humboldt County, California">Humboldt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Imperial_County,_California" title="Imperial County, California">Imperial</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Inyo_County,_California" title="Inyo County, California">Inyo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kern_County,_California" title="Kern County, California">Kern</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kings_County,_California" title="Kings County, California">Kings</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lake_County,_California" title="Lake County, California">Lake</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lassen_County,_California" title="Lassen County, California">Lassen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Los_Angeles_County,_California" title="Los Angeles County, California">Los Angeles</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Madera_County,_California" title="Madera County, California">Madera</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marin_County,_California" title="Marin County, California">Marin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mariposa_County,_California" title="Mariposa County, California">Mariposa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mendocino_County,_California" title="Mendocino County, California">Mendocino</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Merced_County,_California" title="Merced County, California">Merced</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Modoc_County,_California" title="Modoc County, California">Modoc</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mono_County,_California" title="Mono County, California">Mono</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Monterey_County,_California" title="Monterey County, California">Monterey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Napa_County,_California" title="Napa County, California">Napa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nevada_County,_California" title="Nevada County, California">Nevada</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Orange_County,_California" title="Orange County, California">Orange</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Placer_County,_California" title="Placer County, California">Placer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Plumas_County,_California" title="Plumas County, California">Plumas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Riverside_County,_California" title="Riverside County, California">Riverside</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sacramento_County,_California" title="Sacramento County, California">Sacramento</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/San_Benito_County,_California" title="San Benito County, California">San Benito</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/San_Bernardino_County,_California" title="San Bernardino County, California">San Bernardino</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/San_Diego_County,_California" title="San Diego County, California">San Diego</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/San_Francisco" title="San Francisco">San Francisco</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/San_Joaquin_County,_California" title="San Joaquin County, California">San Joaquin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/San_Luis_Obispo_County,_California" title="San Luis Obispo County, California">San Luis Obispo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/San_Mateo_County,_California" title="San Mateo County, California">San Mateo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Santa_Barbara_County,_California" title="Santa Barbara County, California">Santa Barbara</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Santa_Clara_County,_California" title="Santa Clara County, California">Santa Clara</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Santa_Cruz_County,_California" title="Santa Cruz County, California">Santa Cruz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shasta_County,_California" title="Shasta County, California">Shasta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sierra_County,_California" title="Sierra County, California">Sierra</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Siskiyou_County,_California" title="Siskiyou County, California">Siskiyou</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Solano_County,_California" title="Solano County, California">Solano</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sonoma_County,_California" title="Sonoma County, California">Sonoma</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stanislaus_County,_California" title="Stanislaus County, California">Stanislaus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sutter_County,_California" title="Sutter County, California">Sutter</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tehama_County,_California" title="Tehama County, California">Tehama</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trinity_County,_California" title="Trinity County, California">Trinity</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tulare_County,_California" title="Tulare County, California">Tulare</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tuolumne_County,_California" title="Tuolumne County, California">Tuolumne</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ventura_County,_California" title="Ventura County, California">Ventura</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yolo_County,_California" title="Yolo County, California">Yolo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yuba_County,_California" title="Yuba County, California">Yuba</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background-color:#FCC200;;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/List_of_cities_and_towns_in_California" class="mw-redirect" title="List of cities and towns in California">Most populous cities</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Los_Angeles" title="Los Angeles">Los Angeles</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/San_Diego" title="San Diego">San Diego</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/San_Jose,_California" title="San Jose, California">San Jose</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/San_Francisco" title="San Francisco">San Francisco</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fresno,_California" title="Fresno, California">Fresno</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sacramento,_California" title="Sacramento, California">Sacramento</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Long_Beach,_California" title="Long Beach, California">Long Beach</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oakland,_California" title="Oakland, California">Oakland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bakersfield,_California" title="Bakersfield, California">Bakersfield</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anaheim,_California" title="Anaheim, California">Anaheim</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2" style="background-color:#FCC200;"><div><img alt="flag" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/01/Flag_of_California.svg/16px-Flag_of_California.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/01/Flag_of_California.svg/24px-Flag_of_California.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/01/Flag_of_California.svg/32px-Flag_of_California.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/Portal:California" title="Portal:California">California portal</a></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Protected_areas_of_California" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2" style="background: #FCC200"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Protected_areas_of_California" title="Template:Protected areas of California"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Protected_areas_of_California" title="Template talk:Protected areas of California"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Protected_areas_of_California" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Protected areas of California"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Protected_areas_of_California" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Protected_areas_of_California" title="Protected areas of California">Protected areas of California</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2" style="background: #FCC200;background:#ffde53; white-space:nowrap;"><div id="National_Park_System" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/National_Park_Service" title="National Park Service">National Park System</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background: #FCC200;width:1%;background:#ffde53; white-space:nowrap;">Parks</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Channel_Islands_National_Park" title="Channel Islands National Park">Channel Islands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Death_Valley_National_Park" title="Death Valley National Park">Death Valley</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joshua_Tree_National_Park" title="Joshua Tree National Park">Joshua Tree</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kings_Canyon_National_Park" title="Kings Canyon National Park">Kings Canyon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lassen_Volcanic_National_Park" title="Lassen Volcanic National Park">Lassen Volcanic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pinnacles_National_Park" title="Pinnacles National Park">Pinnacles</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Redwood_National_and_State_Parks" title="Redwood National and State Parks">Redwood</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sequoia_National_Park" title="Sequoia National Park">Sequoia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yosemite_National_Park" title="Yosemite National Park">Yosemite</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background: #FCC200;width:1%;background:#ffde53; white-space:nowrap;">Preserves</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><a href="/wiki/Mojave_National_Preserve" title="Mojave National Preserve">Mojave</a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background: #FCC200;width:1%;background:#ffde53; white-space:nowrap;">Monuments</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cabrillo_National_Monument" title="Cabrillo National Monument">Cabrillo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Castle_Mountains_National_Monument" title="Castle Mountains National Monument">Castle Mountains</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/C%C3%A9sar_E._Ch%C3%A1vez_National_Monument" title="César E. Chávez National Monument">César E. Chávez</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Devils_Postpile_National_Monument" title="Devils Postpile National Monument">Devils Postpile</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lava_Beds_National_Monument" title="Lava Beds National Monument">Lava Beds</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Muir_Woods_National_Monument" title="Muir Woods National Monument">Muir Woods</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tule_Lake_National_Monument" class="mw-redirect" title="Tule Lake National Monument">Tule Lake</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background: #FCC200;width:1%;background:#ffde53; white-space:nowrap;">Seashores</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Point_Reyes_National_Seashore" title="Point Reyes National Seashore">Point Reyes</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background: #FCC200;width:1%;background:#ffde53; white-space:nowrap;">Historical Parks</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Rosie_the_Riveter_World_War_II_Home_Front_National_Historical_Park" title="Rosie the Riveter World War II Home Front National Historical Park">Rosie the Riveter World War II Home Front</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/San_Francisco_Maritime_National_Historical_Park" title="San Francisco Maritime National Historical Park">San Francisco Maritime</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background: #FCC200;width:1%;background:#ffde53; white-space:nowrap;">Historic Sites</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Eugene_O%27Neill_National_Historic_Site" title="Eugene O'Neill National Historic Site">Eugene O'Neill</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fort_Point_National_Historic_Site" title="Fort Point National Historic Site">Fort Point</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Muir_National_Historic_Site" title="John Muir National Historic Site">John Muir</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Manzanar" title="Manzanar">Manzanar</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background: #FCC200;width:1%;background:#ffde53; white-space:nowrap;">Memorials</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Port_Chicago_Naval_Magazine_National_Memorial" title="Port Chicago Naval Magazine National Memorial">Port Chicago Naval Magazine</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background: #FCC200;width:1%;background:#ffde53; white-space:nowrap;">Recreation Areas</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Golden_Gate_National_Recreation_Area" title="Golden Gate National Recreation Area">Golden Gate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Santa_Monica_Mountains_National_Recreation_Area" title="Santa Monica Mountains National Recreation Area">Santa Monica Mountains</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Whiskeytown%E2%80%93Shasta%E2%80%93Trinity_National_Recreation_Area" title="Whiskeytown–Shasta–Trinity National Recreation Area">Whiskeytown–Shasta–Trinity</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2" style="background: #FCC200;background:#ffde53; white-space:nowrap;"><div id="California_State_Parks" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/California_State_Parks" title="California State Parks">California State Parks</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background: #FCC200;width:1%;background:#ffde53; white-space:nowrap;">Parks</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ahjumawi_Lava_Springs_State_Park" title="Ahjumawi Lava Springs State Park">Ahjumawi Lava Springs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Andrew_Molera_State_Park" title="Andrew Molera State Park">Andrew Molera</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Angel_Island_(California)" title="Angel Island (California)">Angel Island</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/A%C3%B1o_Nuevo_State_Park" title="Año Nuevo State Park">Año Nuevo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anza-Borrego_Desert_State_Park" title="Anza-Borrego Desert State Park">Anza-Borrego Desert</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arthur_B._Ripley_Desert_Woodland_State_Park" title="Arthur B. Ripley Desert Woodland State Park">Arthur B. Ripley Desert Woodland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bidwell%E2%80%93Sacramento_River_State_Park" title="Bidwell–Sacramento River State Park">Bidwell–Sacramento River</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Big_Basin_Redwoods_State_Park" title="Big Basin Redwoods State Park">Big Basin Redwoods</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Border_Field_State_Park" title="Border Field State Park">Border Field</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bothe-Napa_Valley_State_Park" title="Bothe-Napa Valley State Park">Bothe-Napa Valley</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Burton_Creek_State_Park" title="Burton Creek State Park">Burton Creek</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Butano_State_Park" title="Butano State Park">Butano</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Calaveras_Big_Trees_State_Park" title="Calaveras Big Trees State Park">Calaveras Big Trees</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Castle_Crags" title="Castle Crags">Castle Crags</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Castle_Rock_State_Park_(California)" title="Castle Rock State Park (California)">Castle Rock</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Caswell_Memorial_State_Park" title="Caswell Memorial State Park">Caswell Memorial</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/China_Camp_State_Park" title="China Camp State Park">China Camp</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chino_Hills_State_Park" title="Chino Hills State Park">Chino Hills</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Clear_Lake_State_Park_(California)" title="Clear Lake State Park (California)">Clear Lake</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Coast_Dairies_State_Park" title="Coast Dairies State Park">Coast Dairies</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Crystal_Cove_State_Park" title="Crystal Cove State Park">Crystal Cove</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cuyamaca_Rancho_State_Park" title="Cuyamaca Rancho State Park">Cuyamaca Rancho</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/D._L._Bliss_State_Park" title="D. L. Bliss State Park">D. L. Bliss</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Del_Norte_Coast_Redwoods_State_Park" title="Del Norte Coast Redwoods State Park">Del Norte Coast Redwoods</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Donner_Memorial_State_Park" title="Donner Memorial State Park">Donner Memorial</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dos_Rios_State_Park" title="Dos Rios State Park">Dos Rios</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ed_Z%27berg_Sugar_Pine_Point_State_Park" title="Ed Z'berg Sugar Pine Point State Park">Ed Z'berg Sugar Pine Point</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Emerald_Bay_State_Park" title="Emerald Bay State Park">Emerald Bay</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Forest_of_Nisene_Marks_State_Park" title="The Forest of Nisene Marks State Park">The Forest of Nisene Marks</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fort_Ord_Dunes_State_Park" title="Fort Ord Dunes State Park">Fort Ord Dunes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fremont_Peak_State_Park" title="Fremont Peak State Park">Fremont Peak</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Garrapata_State_Park" title="Garrapata State Park">Garrapata</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gaviota_State_Park" title="Gaviota State Park">Gaviota</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Great_Valley_Grasslands_State_Park" title="Great Valley Grasslands State Park">Great Valley Grasslands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Grizzly_Creek_Redwoods_State_Park" title="Grizzly Creek Redwoods State Park">Grizzly Creek Redwoods</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Grover_Hot_Springs_State_Park" title="Grover Hot Springs State Park">Grover Hot Springs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hearst_San_Simeon_State_Park" title="Hearst San Simeon State Park">Hearst San Simeon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hendy_Woods_State_Park" title="Hendy Woods State Park">Hendy Woods</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Henry_Cowell_Redwoods_State_Park" title="Henry Cowell Redwoods State Park">Henry Cowell Redwoods</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Henry_W._Coe_State_Park" title="Henry W. Coe State Park">Henry W. Coe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Humboldt_Lagoons_State_Park" title="Humboldt Lagoons State Park">Humboldt Lagoons</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Humboldt_Redwoods_State_Park" title="Humboldt Redwoods State Park">Humboldt Redwoods</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jedediah_Smith_Redwoods_State_Park" title="Jedediah Smith Redwoods State Park">Jedediah Smith Redwoods</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Julia_Pfeiffer_Burns_State_Park" title="Julia Pfeiffer Burns State Park">Julia Pfeiffer Burns</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Leo_Carrillo_State_Park" title="Leo Carrillo State Park">Leo Carrillo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Limekiln_State_Park" title="Limekiln State Park">Limekiln</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/MacKerricher_State_Park" title="MacKerricher State Park">MacKerricher</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Malibu_Creek_State_Park" title="Malibu Creek State Park">Malibu Creek</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Manchester_State_Park_(California)" title="Manchester State Park (California)">Manchester</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/McArthur%E2%80%93Burney_Falls_Memorial_State_Park" title="McArthur–Burney Falls Memorial State Park">McArthur–Burney Falls Memorial</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/McLaughlin_Eastshore_State_Park" title="McLaughlin Eastshore State Park">McLaughlin Eastshore</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mendocino_Headlands_State_Park" title="Mendocino Headlands State Park">Mendocino Headlands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mendocino_Woodlands_State_Park" title="Mendocino Woodlands State Park">Mendocino Woodlands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Monta%C3%B1a_de_Oro_State_Park" title="Montaña de Oro State Park">Montaña de Oro</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Morro_Bay_State_Park" title="Morro Bay State Park">Morro Bay</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mount_Diablo" title="Mount Diablo">Mount Diablo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mount_San_Jacinto_State_Park" title="Mount San Jacinto State Park">Mount San Jacinto</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mount_Tamalpais_State_Park" title="Mount Tamalpais State Park">Mount Tamalpais</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Navarro_River_Redwoods_State_Park" title="Navarro River Redwoods State Park">Navarro River Redwoods</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pacheco_State_Park" title="Pacheco State Park">Pacheco</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Palomar_Mountain" title="Palomar Mountain">Palomar Mountain</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pfeiffer_Big_Sur_State_Park" title="Pfeiffer Big Sur State Park">Pfeiffer Big Sur</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Placerita_Canyon_State_Park" title="Placerita Canyon State Park">Placerita Canyon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Plumas-Eureka_State_Park" title="Plumas-Eureka State Park">Plumas-Eureka</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Point_Mugu_State_Park" title="Point Mugu State Park">Point Mugu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Portola_Redwoods_State_Park" title="Portola Redwoods State Park">Portola Redwoods</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prairie_Creek_Redwoods_State_Park" title="Prairie Creek Redwoods State Park">Prairie Creek Redwoods</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Red_Rock_Canyon_State_Park_(California)" title="Red Rock Canyon State Park (California)">Red Rock Canyon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Richardson_Grove_State_Park" title="Richardson Grove State Park">Richardson Grove</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rio_de_Los_Angeles_State_Park" title="Rio de Los Angeles State Park">Rio de Los Angeles</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_Louis_Stevenson_State_Park" title="Robert Louis Stevenson State Park">Robert Louis Stevenson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Russian_Gulch_State_Park" title="Russian Gulch State Park">Russian Gulch</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saddleback_Butte_State_Park" title="Saddleback Butte State Park">Saddleback Butte</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Salt_Point_State_Park" title="Salt Point State Park">Salt Point</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Samuel_P._Taylor_State_Park" title="Samuel P. Taylor State Park">Samuel P. Taylor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/San_Bruno_Mountain_State_Park" title="San Bruno Mountain State Park">San Bruno Mountain</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sinkyone_Wilderness_State_Park" title="Sinkyone Wilderness State Park">Sinkyone Wilderness</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/South_Yuba_River_State_Park" title="South Yuba River State Park">South Yuba River</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sue-meg_State_Park" title="Sue-meg State Park">Sue-meg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sugarloaf_Ridge_State_Park" title="Sugarloaf Ridge State Park">Sugarloaf Ridge</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sutter_Buttes#Recent_history_and_access" title="Sutter Buttes">Sutter Buttes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tolowa_Dunes_State_Park" title="Tolowa Dunes State Park">Tolowa Dunes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tomales_Bay_State_Park" title="Tomales Bay State Park">Tomales Bay</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Topanga_State_Park" title="Topanga State Park">Topanga</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trione-Annadel_State_Park" title="Trione-Annadel State Park">Trione-Annadel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Van_Damme_State_Park" title="Van Damme State Park">Van Damme</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Washoe_Meadows_State_Park" title="Washoe Meadows State Park">Washoe Meadows</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wilder_Ranch_State_Park" title="Wilder Ranch State Park">Wilder Ranch</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background: #FCC200;width:1%;background:#ffde53; white-space:nowrap;">Natural Reserves</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Antelope_Valley_California_Poppy_Reserve" title="Antelope Valley California Poppy Reserve">Antelope Valley California Poppy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Armstrong_Redwoods_State_Natural_Reserve" title="Armstrong Redwoods State Natural Reserve">Armstrong Redwoods</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Azalea_State_Natural_Reserve" title="Azalea State Natural Reserve">Azalea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Caspar_Headlands_State_Natural_Reserve" class="mw-redirect" title="Caspar Headlands State Natural Reserve">Caspar Headlands</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=John_B._Dewitt_Redwoods_State_Natural_Reserve&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="John B. Dewitt Redwoods State Natural Reserve (page does not exist)">John B. Dewitt Redwoods</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Little_State_Natural_Reserve" title="John Little State Natural Reserve">John Little</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jug_Handle_State_Natural_Reserve" title="Jug Handle State Natural Reserve">Jug Handle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kruse_Rhododendron_State_Natural_Reserve" title="Kruse Rhododendron State Natural Reserve">Kruse Rhododendron</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Los_Osos_Oaks_State_Natural_Reserve" title="Los Osos Oaks State Natural Reserve">Los Osos Oaks</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mailliard_Redwoods_State_Natural_Reserve&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Mailliard Redwoods State Natural Reserve (page does not exist)">Mailliard Redwoods</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mono_Lake_Tufa_State_Natural_Reserve" title="Mono Lake Tufa State Natural Reserve">Mono Lake Tufa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Montgomery_Woods_State_Natural_Reserve" title="Montgomery Woods State Natural Reserve">Montgomery Woods</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Point_Lobos" title="Point Lobos">Point Lobos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Smithe_Redwoods_State_Natural_Reserve" title="Smithe Redwoods State Natural Reserve">Smithe Redwoods</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Torrey_Pines_State_Natural_Reserve" title="Torrey Pines State Natural Reserve">Torrey Pines</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tule_Elk_State_Natural_Reserve" title="Tule Elk State Natural Reserve">Tule Elk</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background: #FCC200;width:1%;background:#ffde53; white-space:nowrap;">Marine Reserves</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Albany_State_Marine_Reserve" class="mw-redirect" title="Albany State Marine Reserve">Albany</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anacapa_Island_State_Marine_Reserve" title="Anacapa Island State Marine Reserve">Anacapa Island SMR</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Asilomar_State_Marine_Reserve" title="Asilomar State Marine Reserve">Asilomar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Begg_Rock_State_Marine_Reserve" title="Begg Rock State Marine Reserve">Begg Rock</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Big_Creek_State_Marine_Reserve_and_Marine_Conservation_Area" title="Big Creek State Marine Reserve and Marine Conservation Area">Big Creek</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bodega_Head_State_Marine_Reserve_%26_Bodega_Head_State_Marine_Conservation_Area" title="Bodega Head State Marine Reserve & Bodega Head State Marine Conservation Area">Bodega Head</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cabrillo_State_Marine_Reserve" title="Cabrillo State Marine Reserve">Cabrillo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Carmel_Pinnacles_State_Marine_Reserve" title="Carmel Pinnacles State Marine Reserve">Carmel Pinnacles</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Carrington_Point_State_Marine_Reserve&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Carrington Point State Marine Reserve (page does not exist)">Carrington Point</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Del_Mar_Landing_State_Marine_Reserve" title="Del Mar Landing State Marine Reserve">Del Mar Landing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elkhorn_Slough_State_Marine_Reserve" class="mw-redirect" title="Elkhorn Slough State Marine Reserve">Elkhorn Slough</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Emeryville_Crescent_State_Marine_Reserve" title="Emeryville Crescent State Marine Reserve">Emeryville Crescent</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Estero_de_Limantour_State_Marine_Reserve_%26_Drakes_Estero_State_Marine_Conservation_Area" title="Estero de Limantour State Marine Reserve & Drakes Estero State Marine Conservation Area">Estero de Limantour and Drakes Estero</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fitzgerald_Marine_Reserve" title="Fitzgerald Marine Reserve">Fitzgerald</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gerstle_Cove_State_Marine_Reserve" title="Gerstle Cove State Marine Reserve">Gerstle Cove</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Gull_Island_State_Marine_Reserve&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Gull Island State Marine Reserve (page does not exist)">Gull Island</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Harris_Point_State_Marine_Reserve&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Harris Point State Marine Reserve (page does not exist)">Harris Point</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Judith_Rock_State_Marine_Reserve&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Judith Rock State Marine Reserve (page does not exist)">Judith Rock</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Laguna_Beach_State_Marine_Reserve" title="Laguna Beach State Marine Reserve">Laguna Beach</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Long_Point_State_Marine_Reserve" title="Long Point State Marine Reserve">Long Point</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lovers_Point_State_Marine_Reserve" title="Lovers Point State Marine Reserve">Lovers Point</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Montara_State_Marine_Reserve_and_Pillar_Point_State_Marine_Conservation_Area" title="Montara State Marine Reserve and Pillar Point State Marine Conservation Area">Montara and Pillar Point</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Moro_Cojo_Slough_State_Marine_Reserve" title="Moro Cojo Slough State Marine Reserve">Moro Cojo Slough</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Morro_Bay_State_Marine_Recreational_Management_Area_and_Morro_Bay_State_Marine_Reserve" title="Morro Bay State Marine Recreational Management Area and Morro Bay State Marine Reserve">Morro Bay</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Natural_Bridges_State_Marine_Reserve" title="Natural Bridges State Marine Reserve">Natural Bridges</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Piedras_Blancas_State_Marine_Reserve_and_Marine_Conservation_Area" title="Piedras Blancas State Marine Reserve and Marine Conservation Area">Piedras Blancas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Point_Arena_State_Marine_Reserve_%26_Point_Arena_State_Marine_Conservation_Area" title="Point Arena State Marine Reserve & Point Arena State Marine Conservation Area">Point Arena</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Point_Buchon_State_Marine_Reserve_and_Marine_Conservation_Area" title="Point Buchon State Marine Reserve and Marine Conservation Area">Point Buchon</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Point_Cabrillo_State_Marine_Reserve&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Point Cabrillo State Marine Reserve (page does not exist)">Point Cabrillo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Point_Dume_State_Marine_Conservation_Area" title="Point Dume State Marine Conservation Area">Point Dume</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Point_Lobos" title="Point Lobos">Point Lobos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Point_Reyes_State_Marine_Reserve_%26_Point_Reyes_State_Marine_Conservation_Area" title="Point Reyes State Marine Reserve & Point Reyes State Marine Conservation Area">Point Reyes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Point_Sur_State_Marine_Reserve_and_Marine_Conservation_Area" title="Point Sur State Marine Reserve and Marine Conservation Area">Point Sur</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Richardson_Rock_State_Marine_Reserve&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Richardson Rock State Marine Reserve (page does not exist)">Richardson Rock</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Russian_River_State_Marine_Reserve_and_Russian_River_State_Marine_Conservation_Area" title="Russian River State Marine Reserve and Russian River State Marine Conservation Area">Russian River</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Santa_Barbara_Island_State_Marine_Reserve&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Santa Barbara Island State Marine Reserve (page does not exist)">Santa Barbara Island</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Scorpion_State_Marine_Reserve&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Scorpion State Marine Reserve (page does not exist)">Scorpion</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sea_Lion_Gulch_State_Marine_Reserve&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Sea Lion Gulch State Marine Reserve (page does not exist)">Sea Lion Gulch</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Skunk_Point_State_Marine_Reserve&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Skunk Point State Marine Reserve (page does not exist)">Skunk Point</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/South_Cape_Mendocino_State_Marine_Reserve" title="South Cape Mendocino State Marine Reserve">South Cape Mendocino</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stewarts_Point_State_Marine_Reserve_%26_Stewarts_Point_State_Marine_Conservation_Area" title="Stewarts Point State Marine Reserve & Stewarts Point State Marine Conservation Area">Stewarts Point</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vandenberg_State_Marine_Reserve" title="Vandenberg State Marine Reserve">Vandenberg</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background: #FCC200;width:1%;background:#ffde53; white-space:nowrap;">Historic Parks</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Anderson_Marsh_State_Historic_Park" title="Anderson Marsh State Historic Park">Anderson Marsh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Antelope_Valley_Indian_Museum_State_Historic_Park" title="Antelope Valley Indian Museum State Historic Park">Antelope Valley Indian Museum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bale_Grist_Mill_State_Historic_Park" title="Bale Grist Mill State Historic Park">Bale Grist Mill</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Benicia_Capitol_State_Historic_Park" title="Benicia Capitol State Historic Park">Benicia Capitol</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bidwell_Mansion_State_Historic_Park" title="Bidwell Mansion State Historic Park">Bidwell Mansion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bodie,_California" title="Bodie, California">Bodie</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/California_Citrus_State_Historic_Park" title="California Citrus State Historic Park">California Citrus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/California_State_Indian_Museum" title="California State Indian Museum">California State Indian Museum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chumash_Painted_Cave_State_Historic_Park" title="Chumash Painted Cave State Historic Park">Chumash Painted Cave</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Colonel_Allensworth_State_Historic_Park" title="Colonel Allensworth State Historic Park">Colonel Allensworth</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Columbia_State_Historic_Park" title="Columbia State Historic Park">Columbia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Presidio_of_Santa_Barbara" title="Presidio of Santa Barbara">El Presidio de Santa Barbara</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Empire_Mine_State_Historic_Park" title="Empire Mine State Historic Park">Empire Mine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Folsom_Powerhouse_State_Historic_Park" title="Folsom Powerhouse State Historic Park">Folsom Powerhouse</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fort_Humboldt_State_Historic_Park" title="Fort Humboldt State Historic Park">Fort Humboldt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fort_Ross_State_Historic_Park" title="Fort Ross State Historic Park">Fort Ross</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fort_Tejon" title="Fort Tejon">Fort Tejon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Governor%27s_Mansion_State_Historic_Park" title="Governor's Mansion State Historic Park">Governor's Mansion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hearst_Castle" title="Hearst Castle">Hearst Castle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indian_Grinding_Rock_State_Historic_Park" title="Indian Grinding Rock State Historic Park">Indian Grinding Rock</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jack_London_State_Historic_Park" title="Jack London State Historic Park">Jack London</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/La_Pur%C3%ADsima_Mission_State_Historic_Park" class="mw-redirect" title="La Purísima Mission State Historic Park">La Purísima Mission</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Leland_Stanford_Mansion" title="Leland Stanford Mansion">Leland Stanford Mansion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Los_Angeles_State_Historic_Park" title="Los Angeles State Historic Park">Los Angeles</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Los_Encinos_State_Historic_Park" title="Los Encinos State Historic Park">Los Encinos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Malakoff_Diggins_State_Historic_Park" title="Malakoff Diggins State Historic Park">Malakoff Diggins</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tomales_Bay#Marconi_Conference_Center" title="Tomales Bay">Marconi Conference Center</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marsh_Creek_State_Park_(California)" title="Marsh Creek State Park (California)">Marsh Creek</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marshall_Gold_Discovery_State_Historic_Park" title="Marshall Gold Discovery State Historic Park">Marshall Gold Discovery</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Monterey_State_Historic_Park" title="Monterey State Historic Park">Monterey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Old_Sacramento_State_Historic_Park" title="Old Sacramento State Historic Park">Old Sacramento</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Old_Town_San_Diego_State_Historic_Park" title="Old Town San Diego State Historic Park">Old Town San Diego</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Olompali_State_Historic_Park" title="Olompali State Historic Park">Olompali</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pigeon_Point_Lighthouse" title="Pigeon Point Lighthouse">Pigeon Point Light Station</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/P%C3%ADo_Pico_State_Historic_Park" title="Pío Pico State Historic Park">Pío Pico</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Point_Sur_State_Historic_Park" title="Point Sur State Historic Park">Point Sur</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Railtown_1897_State_Historic_Park" title="Railtown 1897 State Historic Park">Railtown 1897</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rancho_Petaluma_Adobe" title="Rancho Petaluma Adobe">Rancho Petaluma Adobe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/San_Juan_Bautista_State_Historic_Park" title="San Juan Bautista State Historic Park">San Juan Bautista</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/San_Pasqual_Battlefield_State_Historic_Park" title="San Pasqual Battlefield State Historic Park">San Pasqual Battlefield</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mission_Santa_Cruz#Santa_Cruz_Mission_Historic_Park_and_District" title="Mission Santa Cruz">Santa Cruz Mission</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Santa_Susana_Pass_State_Historic_Park" title="Santa Susana Pass State Historic Park">Santa Susana Pass</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shasta,_California" title="Shasta, California">Shasta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sonoma_State_Historic_Park" title="Sonoma State Historic Park">Sonoma</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sutter%27s_Fort" title="Sutter's Fort">Sutter's Fort</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tomo-Kahni_State_Historic_Park" title="Tomo-Kahni State Historic Park">Tomo-Kahni</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wassama_Round_House_State_Historic_Park" title="Wassama Round House State Historic Park">Wassama Round House</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Watts_Towers" title="Watts Towers">Watts Towers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Weaverville_Joss_House_State_Historic_Park" title="Weaverville Joss House State Historic Park">Weaverville Joss House</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Will_Rogers_State_Historic_Park" title="Will Rogers State Historic Park">Will Rogers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_B._Ide_Adobe_State_Historic_Park" title="William B. Ide Adobe State Historic Park">William B. Ide Adobe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Woodland_Opera_House" title="Woodland Opera House">Woodland Opera House</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background: #FCC200;width:1%;background:#ffde53; white-space:nowrap;">Beaches</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Asilomar_State_Beach" title="Asilomar State Beach">Asilomar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bean_Hollow_State_Beach" title="Bean Hollow State Beach">Bean Hollow</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bolsa_Chica_State_Beach" title="Bolsa Chica State Beach">Bolsa Chica</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cardiff_State_Beach" title="Cardiff State Beach">Cardiff</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Carlsbad_State_Beach" title="Carlsbad State Beach">Carlsbad</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Carmel_River_State_Beach" title="Carmel River State Beach">Carmel River</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Carpinteria_State_Beach" title="Carpinteria State Beach">Carpinteria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Caspar_Headlands_State_Beach" title="Caspar Headlands State Beach">Caspar Headlands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cayucos_State_Beach" title="Cayucos State Beach">Cayucos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Corona_del_Mar_State_Beach" title="Corona del Mar State Beach">Corona del Mar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Crown_Memorial_State_Beach" title="Crown Memorial State Beach">Crown Memorial</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dockweiler_State_Beach" title="Dockweiler State Beach">Dockweiler</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Doheny_State_Beach" title="Doheny State Beach">Doheny</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/El_Capit%C3%A1n_State_Beach" title="El Capitán State Beach">El Capitán</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Emma_Wood_State_Beach" title="Emma Wood State Beach">Emma Wood</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gray_Whale_Cove_State_Beach" title="Gray Whale Cove State Beach">Gray Whale Cove</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Greenwood_State_Beach" title="Greenwood State Beach">Greenwood</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Half_Moon_Bay_State_Beach" title="Half Moon Bay State Beach">Half Moon Bay</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Huntington_State_Beach" title="Huntington State Beach">Huntington</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Leucadia_State_Beach" title="Leucadia State Beach">Leucadia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lighthouse_Field_State_Beach" title="Lighthouse Field State Beach">Lighthouse Field</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Little_River_State_Beach" title="Little River State Beach">Little River</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Malibu_Lagoon_State_Beach" title="Malibu Lagoon State Beach">Malibu Lagoon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mandalay_State_Beach" title="Mandalay State Beach">Mandalay</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Manresa_State_Beach" title="Manresa State Beach">Manresa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marina_State_Beach" title="Marina State Beach">Marina</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/McGrath_State_Beach" title="McGrath State Beach">McGrath</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Montara_State_Beach" title="Montara State Beach">Montara</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Monterey_State_Beach" title="Monterey State Beach">Monterey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Moonlight_Beach" title="Moonlight Beach">Moonlight</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Morro_Strand_State_Beach" title="Morro Strand State Beach">Morro Strand</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Moss_Landing_State_Beach" title="Moss Landing State Beach">Moss Landing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Natural_Bridges_State_Beach" title="Natural Bridges State Beach">Natural Bridges</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_Brighton_State_Beach" title="New Brighton State Beach">New Brighton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pacifica_State_Beach" title="Pacifica State Beach">Pacifica</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pelican_State_Beach" title="Pelican State Beach">Pelican</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pescadero_State_Beach" title="Pescadero State Beach">Pescadero</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pismo_State_Beach" title="Pismo State Beach">Pismo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Point_Dume" title="Point Dume">Point Dume</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Point_Sal_State_Beach" title="Point Sal State Beach">Point Sal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pomponio_State_Beach" title="Pomponio State Beach">Pomponio</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Refugio_State_Beach" title="Refugio State Beach">Refugio</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_H._Meyer_Memorial_State_Beach" title="Robert H. Meyer Memorial State Beach">Robert H. Meyer Memorial</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Salinas_River_State_Beach" title="Salinas River State Beach">Salinas River</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/San_Buenaventura_State_Beach" title="San Buenaventura State Beach">San Buenaventura</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/San_Clemente_State_Beach" title="San Clemente State Beach">San Clemente</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/San_Elijo_State_Beach" title="San Elijo State Beach">San Elijo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/San_Gregorio_State_Beach" title="San Gregorio State Beach">San Gregorio</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/San_Onofre_State_Beach" title="San Onofre State Beach">San Onofre</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Santa_Monica_State_Beach" title="Santa Monica State Beach">Santa Monica</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Schooner_Gulch_State_Beach" title="Schooner Gulch State Beach">Schooner Gulch</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Seacliff_State_Beach" title="Seacliff State Beach">Seacliff</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Silver_Strand_(San_Diego)" title="Silver Strand (San Diego)">Silver Strand</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sonoma_Coast_State_Park" title="Sonoma Coast State Park">Sonoma Coast</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/South_Carlsbad_State_Beach" title="South Carlsbad State Beach">South Carlsbad</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sunset_State_Beach" title="Sunset State Beach">Sunset</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thornton_State_Beach" title="Thornton State Beach">Thornton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Torrey_Pines_State_Beach" title="Torrey Pines State Beach">Torrey Pines</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trinidad_State_Beach" title="Trinidad State Beach">Trinidad</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Twin_Lakes_State_Beach" title="Twin Lakes State Beach">Twin Lakes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Westport-Union_Landing_State_Beach" title="Westport-Union Landing State Beach">Westport-Union Landing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Will_Rogers_State_Beach" title="Will Rogers State Beach">Will Rogers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Randolph_Hearst_Memorial_State_Beach" title="William Randolph Hearst Memorial State Beach">William Randolph Hearst Memorial</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zmudowski_State_Beach" title="Zmudowski State Beach">Zmudowski</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background: #FCC200;width:1%;background:#ffde53; white-space:nowrap;">Recreation Areas</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Admiral_William_Standley_State_Recreation_Area" title="Admiral William Standley State Recreation Area">Admiral William Standley</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Auburn_State_Recreation_Area" title="Auburn State Recreation Area">Auburn</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Austin_Creek_State_Recreation_Area" title="Austin Creek State Recreation Area">Austin Creek</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Benbow_State_Recreation_Area" title="Benbow State Recreation Area">Benbow</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Benicia_State_Recreation_Area" title="Benicia State Recreation Area">Benicia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bethany_Reservoir_State_Recreation_Area" title="Bethany Reservoir State Recreation Area">Bethany Reservoir</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brannan_Island_State_Recreation_Area" title="Brannan Island State Recreation Area">Brannan Island</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Candlestick_Point_State_Recreation_Area" title="Candlestick Point State Recreation Area">Candlestick Point</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Castaic_Lake_State_Recreation_Area" class="mw-redirect" title="Castaic Lake State Recreation Area">Castaic Lake</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Colusa-Sacramento_River_State_Recreation_Area&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Colusa-Sacramento River State Recreation Area (page does not exist)">Colusa-Sacramento River</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Folsom_Lake_State_Recreation_Area" title="Folsom Lake State Recreation Area">Folsom Lake</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Franks_Tract_State_Recreation_Area" title="Franks Tract State Recreation Area">Franks Tract</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_J._Hatfield_State_Recreation_Area" title="George J. Hatfield State Recreation Area">George J. Hatfield</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Harry_A._Merlo_State_Recreation_Area&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Harry A. Merlo State Recreation Area (page does not exist)">Harry A. Merlo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kenneth_Hahn_State_Recreation_Area" title="Kenneth Hahn State Recreation Area">Kenneth Hahn</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kings_Beach_State_Recreation_Area&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kings Beach State Recreation Area (page does not exist)">Kings Beach</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Lake_Del_Valle_State_Recreation_Area&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Lake Del Valle State Recreation Area (page does not exist)">Lake Del Valle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lake_Oroville_State_Recreation_Area" title="Lake Oroville State Recreation Area">Lake Oroville</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lake_Perris" title="Lake Perris">Lake Perris</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Lake_Valley_State_Recreation_Area&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Lake Valley State Recreation Area (page does not exist)">Lake Valley</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Martial_Cottle_Park" title="Martial Cottle Park">Martial Cottle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/McConnell_State_Recreation_Area" title="McConnell State Recreation Area">McConnell</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Millerton_Lake" title="Millerton Lake">Millerton Lake</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Picacho_State_Recreation_Area" title="Picacho State Recreation Area">Picacho</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Providence_Mountains_State_Recreation_Area" title="Providence Mountains State Recreation Area">Providence Mountains</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Salton_Sea_State_Recreation_Area" title="Salton Sea State Recreation Area">Salton Sea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/San_Luis_Reservoir" title="San Luis Reservoir">San Luis Reservoir</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Silverwood_Lake" title="Silverwood Lake">Silverwood Lake</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Standish-Hickey_State_Recreation_Area&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Standish-Hickey State Recreation Area (page does not exist)">Standish-Hickey</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tahoe_State_Recreation_Area&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Tahoe State Recreation Area (page does not exist)">Tahoe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Turlock_Lake_State_Recreation_Area" title="Turlock Lake State Recreation Area">Turlock Lake</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Woodson_Bridge_State_Recreation_Area" title="Woodson Bridge State Recreation Area">Woodson Bridge</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background: #FCC200;width:1%;background:#ffde53; white-space:nowrap;">Vehicular Recreation Areas</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Carnegie_State_Vehicular_Recreation_Area" title="Carnegie State Vehicular Recreation Area">Carnegie</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Clay_Pit_State_Vehicular_Recreation_Area&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Clay Pit State Vehicular Recreation Area (page does not exist)">Clay Pit</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Heber_Dunes_State_Vehicular_Recreation_Area&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Heber Dunes State Vehicular Recreation Area (page does not exist)">Heber Dunes</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hollister_Hills_State_Vehicular_Recreation_Area&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Hollister Hills State Vehicular Recreation Area (page does not exist)">Hollister Hills</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hungry_Valley_State_Vehicular_Recreation_Area&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Hungry Valley State Vehicular Recreation Area (page does not exist)">Hungry Valley</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Guadalupe-Nipomo_Dunes" title="Guadalupe-Nipomo Dunes">Oceano Dunes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ocotillo_Wells,_California#Off-road_recreation" title="Ocotillo Wells, California">Ocotillo Wells</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Prairie_City_State_Vehicular_Recreation_Area&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Prairie City State Vehicular Recreation Area (page does not exist)">Prairie City</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background: #FCC200;width:1%;background:#ffde53; white-space:nowrap;">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Burleigh_H._Murray_Ranch" title="Burleigh H. Murray Ranch">Burleigh H. Murray Ranch</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/California_State_Capitol_Museum" title="California State Capitol Museum">California State Capitol Museum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/California_State_Mining_and_Mineral_Museum" title="California State Mining and Mineral Museum">California State Mining and Mineral Museum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/California_State_Railroad_Museum" title="California State Railroad Museum">California State Railroad Museum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Castro_Adobe" title="Castro Adobe">Castro Adobe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Delta_Meadows_River_Park" title="Delta Meadows River Park">Delta Meadows</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Estero_Bay_(California)" title="Estero Bay (California)">Estero Bay</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hatton_Canyon" title="Hatton Canyon">Hatton Canyon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indio_Hills_Palms" title="Indio Hills Palms">Indio Hills Palms</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Point_Cabrillo_Light" title="Point Cabrillo Light">Point Cabrillo Light</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ishxenta_State_Park" title="Ishxenta State Park">Ishxenta State Park</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Point_Montara_Light" title="Point Montara Light">Point Montara Light</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Reynolds_Wayside_Campground" title="Reynolds Wayside Campground">Reynolds Wayside Campground</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/San_Timoteo_Canyon" title="San Timoteo Canyon">San Timoteo Canyon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stone_Lake_(California)" title="Stone Lake (California)">Stone Lake</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Verdugo_Mountains" title="Verdugo Mountains">Verdugo Mountains</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ward_Creek_(Lake_Tahoe)" title="Ward Creek (Lake Tahoe)">Ward Creek</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wildwood_Canyon" title="Wildwood Canyon">Wildwood Canyon</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2" style="background: #FCC200;background:#ffde53; white-space:nowrap;"><div id="National_Forests_and_Grasslands" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/National_forest_(United_States)" title="National forest (United States)">National Forests and Grasslands</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background: #FCC200;width:1%;background:#ffde53; white-space:nowrap;">National Forests and Grasslands</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Angeles_National_Forest" title="Angeles National Forest">Angeles</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Butte_Valley_National_Grassland" title="Butte Valley National Grassland">Butte Valley NG</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cleveland_National_Forest" title="Cleveland National Forest">Cleveland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eldorado_National_Forest" title="Eldorado National Forest">Eldorado</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Humboldt%E2%80%93Toiyabe_National_Forest" title="Humboldt–Toiyabe National Forest">Humboldt–Toiyabe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Inyo_National_Forest" title="Inyo National Forest">Inyo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Klamath_National_Forest" title="Klamath National Forest">Klamath</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lake_Tahoe_Basin_Management_Unit" title="Lake Tahoe Basin Management Unit">Lake Tahoe Basin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lassen_National_Forest" title="Lassen National Forest">Lassen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Los_Padres_National_Forest" title="Los Padres National Forest">Los Padres</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mendocino_National_Forest" title="Mendocino National Forest">Mendocino</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Modoc_National_Forest" title="Modoc National Forest">Modoc</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Plumas_National_Forest" title="Plumas National Forest">Plumas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rogue_River%E2%80%93Siskiyou_National_Forest" title="Rogue River–Siskiyou National Forest">Rogue River–Siskiyou</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/San_Bernardino_National_Forest" title="San Bernardino National Forest">San Bernardino</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sequoia_National_Forest" title="Sequoia National Forest">Sequoia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shasta%E2%80%93Trinity_National_Forest" title="Shasta–Trinity National Forest">Shasta–Trinity</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sierra_National_Forest" title="Sierra National Forest">Sierra</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Six_Rivers_National_Forest" title="Six Rivers National Forest">Six Rivers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stanislaus_National_Forest" title="Stanislaus National Forest">Stanislaus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tahoe_National_Forest" title="Tahoe National Forest">Tahoe</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background: #FCC200;width:1%;background:#ffde53; white-space:nowrap;">National Wilderness Preservation System</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Agua_Tibia_Wilderness" title="Agua Tibia Wilderness">Agua Tibia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ansel_Adams_Wilderness" title="Ansel Adams Wilderness">Ansel Adams</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bucks_Lake_Wilderness" title="Bucks Lake Wilderness">Bucks Lake</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Caribou_Wilderness" title="Caribou Wilderness">Caribou</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Carson%E2%80%93Iceberg_Wilderness" title="Carson–Iceberg Wilderness">Carson–Iceberg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Castle_Crags_Wilderness" title="Castle Crags Wilderness">Castle Crags</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cucamonga_Wilderness" title="Cucamonga Wilderness">Cucamonga</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Desolation_Wilderness" title="Desolation Wilderness">Desolation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dick_Smith_Wilderness" title="Dick Smith Wilderness">Dick Smith</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dinkey_Lakes_Wilderness" title="Dinkey Lakes Wilderness">Dinkey Lakes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Emigrant_Wilderness" title="Emigrant Wilderness">Emigrant</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Golden_Trout_Wilderness" title="Golden Trout Wilderness">Golden Trout</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hoover_Wilderness" title="Hoover Wilderness">Hoover</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Inyo_Mountains_Wilderness" class="mw-redirect" title="Inyo Mountains Wilderness">Inyo Mountains</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ishi_Wilderness" title="Ishi Wilderness">Ishi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jennie_Lakes_Wilderness" title="Jennie Lakes Wilderness">Jennie Lakes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Muir_Wilderness" title="John Muir Wilderness">John Muir</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kaiser_Wilderness" title="Kaiser Wilderness">Kaiser</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marble_Mountain_Wilderness" title="Marble Mountain Wilderness">Marble Mountain</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mokelumne_Wilderness" title="Mokelumne Wilderness">Mokelumne</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mount_Lassic_Wilderness" class="mw-redirect" title="Mount Lassic Wilderness">Mount Lassic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mount_Shasta_Wilderness" title="Mount Shasta Wilderness">Mount Shasta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/North_Fork_Wilderness" class="mw-redirect" title="North Fork Wilderness">North Fork</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pine_Creek_Wilderness" title="Pine Creek Wilderness">Pine Creek</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/San_Gabriel_Wilderness" title="San Gabriel Wilderness">San Gabriel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/San_Jacinto_Wilderness" class="mw-redirect" title="San Jacinto Wilderness">San Jacinto</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/San_Rafael_Wilderness" title="San Rafael Wilderness">San Rafael</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sanhedrin_Wilderness" class="mw-redirect" title="Sanhedrin Wilderness">Sanhedrin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sespe_Wilderness" title="Sespe Wilderness">Sespe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Siskiyou_Wilderness" title="Siskiyou Wilderness">Siskiyou</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Snow_Mountain_Wilderness" title="Snow Mountain Wilderness">Snow Mountain</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/South_Fork_Eel_River_Wilderness" title="South Fork Eel River Wilderness">South Fork Eel River</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/South_Sierra_Wilderness" title="South Sierra Wilderness">South Sierra</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/South_Warner_Wilderness" title="South Warner Wilderness">South Warner</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thousand_Lakes_Wilderness" title="Thousand Lakes Wilderness">Thousand Lakes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trinity_Alps_Wilderness" title="Trinity Alps Wilderness">Trinity Alps</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ventana_Wilderness" title="Ventana Wilderness">Ventana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yolla_Bolly%E2%80%93Middle_Eel_Wilderness" title="Yolla Bolly–Middle Eel Wilderness">Yolla Bolly–Middle Eel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yuki_Wilderness" class="mw-redirect" title="Yuki Wilderness">Yuki</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background: #FCC200;width:1%;background:#ffde53; white-space:nowrap;">National Monuments and Recreation Areas</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Giant_Sequoia_National_Monument" title="Giant Sequoia National Monument">Giant Sequoia National Monument</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/San_Gabriel_Mountains_National_Monument" title="San Gabriel Mountains National Monument">San Gabriel Mountains National Monument</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sand_to_Snow_National_Monument" title="Sand to Snow National Monument">Sand to Snow National Monument</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Santa_Rosa_and_San_Jacinto_Mountains_National_Monument" title="Santa Rosa and San Jacinto Mountains National Monument">Santa Rosa and San Jacinto Mountains National Monument</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Smith_River_National_Recreation_Area" title="Smith River National Recreation Area">Smith River National Recreation Area</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Whiskeytown%E2%80%93Shasta%E2%80%93Trinity_National_Recreation_Area" title="Whiskeytown–Shasta–Trinity National Recreation Area">Whiskeytown–Shasta–Trinity National Recreation Area</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2" style="background: #FCC200;background:#ffde53; white-space:nowrap;"><div id="State_Forests" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/List_of_California_state_forests" title="List of California state forests">State Forests</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Boggs_Mountain_Demonstration_State_Forest" title="Boggs Mountain Demonstration State Forest">Boggs Mountain Demonstration</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ellen_Pickett_State_Forest&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ellen Pickett State Forest (page does not exist)">Ellen Pickett</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jackson_Demonstration_State_Forest" title="Jackson Demonstration State Forest">Jackson Demonstration</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Las_Posadas_State_Forest&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Las Posadas State Forest (page does not exist)">Las Posadas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/LaTour_Demonstration_State_Forest" title="LaTour Demonstration State Forest">LaTour Demonstration</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mount_Zion_Demonstration_State_Forest" title="Mount Zion Demonstration State Forest">Mount Zion Demonstration</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mountain_Home_Demonstration_State_Forest" title="Mountain Home Demonstration State Forest">Mountain Home Demonstration</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Soquel_Demonstration_State_Forest" title="Soquel Demonstration State Forest">Soquel Demonstration</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2" style="background: #FCC200;background:#ffde53; white-space:nowrap;"><div id="National_Wildlife_Refuges" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/National_Wildlife_Refuge" title="National Wildlife Refuge">National Wildlife Refuges</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Antioch_Dunes_National_Wildlife_Refuge" title="Antioch Dunes National Wildlife Refuge">Antioch Dunes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bitter_Creek_National_Wildlife_Refuge" title="Bitter Creek National Wildlife Refuge">Bitter Creek</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Blue_Ridge_National_Wildlife_Refuge" title="Blue Ridge National Wildlife Refuge">Blue Ridge</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Butte_Sink_Wildlife_Management_Area" title="Butte Sink Wildlife Management Area">Butte Sink</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Castle_Rock_National_Wildlife_Refuge" title="Castle Rock National Wildlife Refuge">Castle Rock</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Clear_Lake_National_Wildlife_Refuge" title="Clear Lake National Wildlife Refuge">Clear Lake</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Coachella_Valley_National_Wildlife_Refuge" title="Coachella Valley National Wildlife Refuge">Coachella Valley</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Colusa_National_Wildlife_Refuge" title="Colusa National Wildlife Refuge">Colusa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Delevan_National_Wildlife_Refuge" title="Delevan National Wildlife Refuge">Delevan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Don_Edwards_San_Francisco_Bay_National_Wildlife_Refuge" title="Don Edwards San Francisco Bay National Wildlife Refuge">Don Edwards San Francisco Bay</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ellicott_Slough_National_Wildlife_Refuge" title="Ellicott Slough National Wildlife Refuge">Ellicott Slough</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Farallon_Islands" title="Farallon Islands">Farallon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Guadalupe-Nipomo_Dunes_National_Wildlife_Refuge" title="Guadalupe-Nipomo Dunes National Wildlife Refuge">Guadalupe-Nipomo Dunes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hopper_Mountain_National_Wildlife_Refuge" title="Hopper Mountain National Wildlife Refuge">Hopper Mountain</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Humboldt_Bay_National_Wildlife_Refuge" title="Humboldt Bay National Wildlife Refuge">Humboldt Bay</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Imperial_National_Wildlife_Refuge" title="Imperial National Wildlife Refuge">Imperial</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kern_National_Wildlife_Refuge" title="Kern National Wildlife Refuge">Kern</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lower_Klamath_National_Wildlife_Refuge" title="Lower Klamath National Wildlife Refuge">Lower Klamath</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marin_Islands" title="Marin Islands">Marin Islands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Merced_National_Wildlife_Refuge" title="Merced National Wildlife Refuge">Merced</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Modoc_National_Wildlife_Refuge" title="Modoc National Wildlife Refuge">Modoc</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pixley_National_Wildlife_Refuge" title="Pixley National Wildlife Refuge">Pixley</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sacramento_National_Wildlife_Refuge" title="Sacramento National Wildlife Refuge">Sacramento</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sacramento_River_National_Wildlife_Refuge" title="Sacramento River National Wildlife Refuge">Sacramento River</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Salinas_River_National_Wildlife_Refuge" title="Salinas River National Wildlife Refuge">Salinas River</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/San_Diego_Bay_National_Wildlife_Refuge" title="San Diego Bay National Wildlife Refuge">San Diego Bay</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/San_Diego_National_Wildlife_Refuge" title="San Diego National Wildlife Refuge">San Diego</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/San_Joaquin_River_National_Wildlife_Refuge" title="San Joaquin River National Wildlife Refuge">San Joaquin River</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/San_Luis_National_Wildlife_Refuge" title="San Luis National Wildlife Refuge">San Luis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/San_Pablo_Bay_National_Wildlife_Refuge" title="San Pablo Bay National Wildlife Refuge">San Pablo Bay</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Seal_Beach_National_Wildlife_Refuge" title="Seal Beach National Wildlife Refuge">Seal Beach</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sonny_Bono_Salton_Sea_National_Wildlife_Refuge" title="Sonny Bono Salton Sea National Wildlife Refuge">Sonny Bono Salton Sea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stone_Lakes_National_Wildlife_Refuge" title="Stone Lakes National Wildlife Refuge">Stone Lakes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sutter_National_Wildlife_Refuge" title="Sutter National Wildlife Refuge">Sutter</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tijuana_Slough_National_Wildlife_Refuge" title="Tijuana Slough National Wildlife Refuge">Tijuana Slough</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tule_Lake_National_Wildlife_Refuge" title="Tule Lake National Wildlife Refuge">Tule Lake</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2" style="background: #FCC200;background:#ffde53; white-space:nowrap;"><div id="State_Wildlife_Areas" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/California_Department_of_Fish_and_Wildlife" title="California Department of Fish and Wildlife">State Wildlife Areas</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background: #FCC200;width:1%;background:#ffde53; white-space:nowrap;">Wildlife Areas</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Antelope_Valley_Wildlife_Area" title="Antelope Valley Wildlife Area">Antelope Valley</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ash_Creek_Wildlife_Area" title="Ash Creek Wildlife Area">Ash Creek</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bass_Hill_Wildlife_Area&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Bass Hill Wildlife Area (page does not exist)">Bass Hill</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Battle_Creek_Wildlife_Area&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Battle Creek Wildlife Area (page does not exist)">Battle Creek</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Big_Lagoon_Wildlife_Area&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Big Lagoon Wildlife Area (page does not exist)">Big Lagoon</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Big_Sandy_Wildlife_Area&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Big Sandy Wildlife Area (page does not exist)">Big Sandy</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Biscar_Wildlife_Area&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Biscar Wildlife Area (page does not exist)">Biscar</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Butte_Valley_Wildlife_Area&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Butte Valley Wildlife Area (page does not exist)">Butte Valley</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Buttermilk_Country_Wildlife_Area&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Buttermilk Country Wildlife Area (page does not exist)">Buttermilk Country</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cache_Creek_Wildlife_Area&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Cache Creek Wildlife Area (page does not exist)">Cache Creek</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Camp_Cady_Wilderness&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Camp Cady Wilderness (page does not exist)">Camp Cady</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cantara/Ney_Springs_Wildlife_Area&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Cantara/Ney Springs Wildlife Area (page does not exist)">Cantara/Ney Springs</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cedar_Roughs_Wildlife_Area&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Cedar Roughs Wildlife Area (page does not exist)">Cedar Roughs</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cinder_Flats_Wildlife_Area&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Cinder Flats Wildlife Area (page does not exist)">Cinder Flats</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Collins_Eddy_Wildlife_Area" title="Collins Eddy Wildlife Area">Collins Eddy</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Colusa_Bypass_Wildlife_Area&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Colusa Bypass Wildlife Area (page does not exist)">Colusa Bypass</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Coon_Hollow_Wildlife_Area&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Coon Hollow Wildlife Area (page does not exist)">Coon Hollow</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cottonwood_Creek_Wildlife_Area&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Cottonwood Creek Wildlife Area (page does not exist)">Cottonwood Creek</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Crescent_City_Marsh_Wildlife_Area&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Crescent City Marsh Wildlife Area (page does not exist)">Crescent City Marsh</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Crocker_Meadows_Wildlife_Area&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Crocker Meadows Wildlife Area (page does not exist)">Crocker Meadows</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Daugherty_Hill_Wildlife_Area&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Daugherty Hill Wildlife Area (page does not exist)">Daugherty Hill</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Decker_Island" title="Decker Island">Decker Island</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Doyle_Wildlife_Area&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Doyle Wildlife Area (page does not exist)">Doyle</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Dutch_Flat_Wildlife_Area&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Dutch Flat Wildlife Area (page does not exist)">Dutch Flat</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Eastlker_River_Wildlife_Area&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Eastlker River Wildlife Area (page does not exist)">Eastlker River</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Eel_River_Wildlife_Area&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Eel River Wildlife Area (page does not exist)">Eel River</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Elk_Creek_Wetlands_Wildlife_Area&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Elk Creek Wetlands Wildlife Area (page does not exist)">Elk Creek Wetlands</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Elk_River_Wildlife_Area&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Elk River Wildlife Area (page does not exist)">Elk River</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Fay_Slough_Wildlife_Area&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Fay Slough Wildlife Area (page does not exist)">Fay Slough</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Feather_River_Wildlife_Area&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Feather River Wildlife Area (page does not exist)">Feather River</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Fitzhugh_Creek_Wildlife_Area&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Fitzhugh Creek Wildlife Area (page does not exist)">Fitzhugh Creek</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fremont_Weir_Wildlife_Area" title="Fremont Weir Wildlife Area">Fremont Weir</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Grass_Lake_Wildlife_Area&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Grass Lake Wildlife Area (page does not exist)">Grass Lake</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Gray_Lodge_Wildlife_Area&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Gray Lodge Wildlife Area (page does not exist)">Gray Lodge</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Green_Creek_Wildlife_Area&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Green Creek Wildlife Area (page does not exist)">Green Creek</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Grizzly_Island_Wildlife_Area&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Grizzly Island Wildlife Area (page does not exist)">Grizzly Island</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hallelujah_Junction_Wildlife_Area&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Hallelujah Junction Wildlife Area (page does not exist)">Hallelujah Junction</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Heenan_Lake_Wildlife_Area&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Heenan Lake Wildlife Area (page does not exist)">Heenan Lake</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hill_Slough_Wildlife_Area&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Hill Slough Wildlife Area (page does not exist)">Hill Slough</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hollenbeck_Canyon_Wildlife_Area" title="Hollenbeck Canyon Wildlife Area">Hollenbeck Canyon</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Honey_Lake_Wildlife_Area&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Honey Lake Wildlife Area (page does not exist)">Honey Lake</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hope_Valley_Wildlife_Area" class="mw-redirect" title="Hope Valley Wildlife Area">Hope Valley</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Horseshoe_Ranch_Wildlife_Area&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Horseshoe Ranch Wildlife Area (page does not exist)">Horseshoe Ranch</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Imperial_Wildlife_Area&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Imperial Wildlife Area (page does not exist)">Imperial</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Indian_Valley_Wildlife_Area&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Indian Valley Wildlife Area (page does not exist)">Indian Valley</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kelso_Peak_and_Old_Dad_Mountains_Wildlife_Area&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kelso Peak and Old Dad Mountains Wildlife Area (page does not exist)">Kelso Peak and Old Dad Mountains</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kinsman_Flat_Wildlife_Area&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kinsman Flat Wildlife Area (page does not exist)">Kinsman Flat</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Knoxville_Wildlife_Area&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Knoxville Wildlife Area (page does not exist)">Knoxville</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Laguna_Wildlife_Area&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Laguna Wildlife Area (page does not exist)">Laguna</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Lake_Berryessa_Wildlife_Area&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Lake Berryessa Wildlife Area (page does not exist)">Lake Berryessa</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Lake_Earl_Wildlife_Area&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Lake Earl Wildlife Area (page does not exist)">Lake Earl</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Lake_Sonoma_Wildlife_Area&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Lake Sonoma Wildlife Area (page does not exist)">Lake Sonoma</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Little_Panoche_Reservoir_Wildlife_Area&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Little Panoche Reservoir Wildlife Area (page does not exist)">Little Panoche Reservoir</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Los_Banos_Wildlife_Area&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Los Banos Wildlife Area (page does not exist)">Los Banos</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Lower_Sherman_Island_Wildlife_Area&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Lower Sherman Island Wildlife Area (page does not exist)">Lower Sherman Island</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mad_River_Slough_Wildlife_Area&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Mad River Slough Wildlife Area (page does not exist)">Mad River Slough</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Marble_Mountains_Wildlife_Area&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Marble Mountains Wildlife Area (page does not exist)">Marble Mountains</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mendota_Wildlife_Area" class="mw-redirect" title="Mendota Wildlife Area">Mendota</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Merrill%27s_Landing_Wildlife_Area&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Merrill's Landing Wildlife Area (page does not exist)">Merrill's Landing</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Miner_Slough_Wildlife_Area&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Miner Slough Wildlife Area (page does not exist)">Miner Slough</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Monache_Meadows_Wildlife_Area&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Monache Meadows Wildlife Area (page does not exist)">Monache Meadows</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Morro_Bay_State_Marine_Recreational_Management_Area_and_Morro_Bay_State_Marine_Reserve" title="Morro Bay State Marine Recreational Management Area and Morro Bay State Marine Reserve">Morro Bay</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Moss_Landing_Wildlife_Area" title="Moss Landing Wildlife Area">Moss Landing</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mouth_of_Cottonwood_Creek_Wildlife_Area&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Mouth of Cottonwood Creek Wildlife Area (page does not exist)">Mouth of Cottonwood Creek</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Napa-Sonoma_Marshes_Wildlife_Area&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Napa-Sonoma Marshes Wildlife Area (page does not exist)">Napa-Sonoma Marshes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/North_Grasslands_Wildlife_Area" class="mw-redirect" title="North Grasslands Wildlife Area">North Grasslands</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=O%27Neill_Forebay_Wildlife_Area&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="O'Neill Forebay Wildlife Area (page does not exist)">O'Neill Forebay</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Oroville_Wildlife_Area&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Oroville Wildlife Area (page does not exist)">Oroville</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Petaluma_Marsh_Wildlife_Area&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Petaluma Marsh Wildlife Area (page does not exist)">Petaluma Marsh</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pickel_Meadow_Wildlife_Area&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Pickel Meadow Wildlife Area (page does not exist)">Pickel Meadow</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pine_Creek_Wildlife_Area&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Pine Creek Wildlife Area (page does not exist)">Pine Creek</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Point_Edith_Wildlife_Area&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Point Edith Wildlife Area (page does not exist)">Point Edith</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Putah_Creek_State_Wildlife_Area" title="Putah Creek State Wildlife Area">Putah Creek</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Rector_Reservoir_Wildlife_Area&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Rector Reservoir Wildlife Area (page does not exist)">Rector Reservoir</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Red_Lake_Wildlife_Area&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Red Lake Wildlife Area (page does not exist)">Red Lake</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Rhode_Island_Wildlife_Area&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Rhode Island Wildlife Area (page does not exist)">Rhode Island</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sacramento_River_Wildlife_Area&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Sacramento River Wildlife Area (page does not exist)">Sacramento River</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=San_Felipe_Valley_Wildlife_Area&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="San Felipe Valley Wildlife Area (page does not exist)">San Felipe Valley</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/San_Jacinto_Wildlife_Area" title="San Jacinto Wildlife Area">San Jacinto</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=San_Luis_Obispo_Wildlife_Area&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="San Luis Obispo Wildlife Area (page does not exist)">San Luis Obispo</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=San_Luis_Reservoir_Wildlife_Area&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="San Luis Reservoir Wildlife Area (page does not exist)">San Luis Reservoir</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=San_Pablo_Bay_Wildlife_Area&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="San Pablo Bay Wildlife Area (page does not exist)">San Pablo Bay</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Santa_Rosa_Wildlife_Area&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Santa Rosa Wildlife Area (page does not exist)">Santa Rosa</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Shasta_Valley_Wildlife_Area&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Shasta Valley Wildlife Area (page does not exist)">Shasta Valley</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Silver_Creek_Wildlife_Area&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Silver Creek Wildlife Area (page does not exist)">Silver Creek</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Slinkard/Little_Antelope_Wildlife_Area&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Slinkard/Little Antelope Wildlife Area (page does not exist)">Slinkard/Little Antelope</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Smithneck_Creek_Wildlife_Area&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Smithneck Creek Wildlife Area (page does not exist)">Smithneck Creek</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=South_Fork_Wildlife_Area&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="South Fork Wildlife Area (page does not exist)">South Fork</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spenceville_Wildlife_Area" title="Spenceville Wildlife Area">Spenceville</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Surprise_Valley_Wildlife_Area&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Surprise Valley Wildlife Area (page does not exist)">Surprise Valley</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sutter_Bypass_Wildlife_Area&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Sutter Bypass Wildlife Area (page does not exist)">Sutter Bypass</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tehama_Wildlife_Area&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Tehama Wildlife Area (page does not exist)">Tehama</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Truckee_River_Wildlife_Area&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Truckee River Wildlife Area (page does not exist)">Truckee River</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Upper_Butte_Basin_Wildlife_Area&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Upper Butte Basin Wildlife Area (page does not exist)">Upper Butte Basin</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Volta_Wildlife_Area&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Volta Wildlife Area (page does not exist)">Volta</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Warner_Valley_Wildlife_Area&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Warner Valley Wildlife Area (page does not exist)">Warner Valley</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Waukell_Creek_Wildlife_Area&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Waukell Creek Wildlife Area (page does not exist)">Waukell Creek</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=West_Hilmar_Wildlife_Area&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="West Hilmar Wildlife Area (page does not exist)">West Hilmar</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Westlker_River_Wildlife_Area&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Westlker River Wildlife Area (page does not exist)">Westlker River</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=White_Slough_Wildlife_Area&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="White Slough Wildlife Area (page does not exist)">White Slough</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Willow_Creek-Lurline_Wildlife_Management_Area" title="Willow Creek-Lurline Wildlife Management Area">Willow Creek</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yolo_Bypass_Wildlife_Area" title="Yolo Bypass Wildlife Area">Yolo Bypass</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background: #FCC200;width:1%;background:#ffde53; white-space:nowrap;">Ecological Reserves</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Albany_Mudflats_Ecological_Reserve&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Albany Mudflats Ecological Reserve (page does not exist)">Albany Mudflats</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alkali_Sink_Ecological_Reserve" title="Alkali Sink Ecological Reserve">Alkali Sink</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Allensworth_Ecological_Reserve" title="Allensworth Ecological Reserve">Allensworth</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Atascadero_Creek_Marsh_Ecological_Reserve&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Atascadero Creek Marsh Ecological Reserve (page does not exist)">Atascadero Creek Marsh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bair_Island" title="Bair Island">Bair Island</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Baldwin_Lake_Ecological_Reserve&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Baldwin Lake Ecological Reserve (page does not exist)">Baldwin Lake</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Batiquitos_Lagoon" title="Batiquitos Lagoon">Batiquitos Lagoon</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Blue_Sky_Ecological_Reserve&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Blue Sky Ecological Reserve (page does not exist)">Blue Sky</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Boden_Canyon_Ecological_Reserve&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Boden Canyon Ecological Reserve (page does not exist)">Boden Canyon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Boggs_Lake_Ecological_Reserve" title="Boggs Lake Ecological Reserve">Boggs Lake</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bolsa_Chica_Ecological_Reserve" title="Bolsa Chica Ecological Reserve">Bolsa Chica</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bonny_Doon_Ecological_Reserve" title="Bonny Doon Ecological Reserve">Bonny Doon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Buena_Vista_Lagoon" title="Buena Vista Lagoon">Buena Vista Lagoon</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Butler_Slough_Ecological_Reserve&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Butler Slough Ecological Reserve (page does not exist)">Butler Slough</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Butte_Creek_Canyon_Ecological_Reserve&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Butte Creek Canyon Ecological Reserve (page does not exist)">Butte Creek Canyon</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Butte_Creek_House_Ecological_Reserve&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Butte Creek House Ecological Reserve (page does not exist)">Butte Creek House</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Buttonwillow_Ecological_Reserve&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Buttonwillow Ecological Reserve (page does not exist)">Buttonwillow</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=By_Day_Creek_Ecological_Reserve&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="By Day Creek Ecological Reserve (page does not exist)">By Day Creek</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Calhoun_Cut_Ecological_Reserve&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Calhoun Cut Ecological Reserve (page does not exist)">Calhoun Cut</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Canebrake_Ecological_Reserve" title="Canebrake Ecological Reserve">Canebrake</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Carlsbad_Highlands_Ecological_Reserve&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Carlsbad Highlands Ecological Reserve (page does not exist)">Carlsbad Highlands</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Carmel_Bay_Ecological_Reserve&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Carmel Bay Ecological Reserve (page does not exist)">Carmel Bay</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Carrizo_Canyon_Ecological_Reserve&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Carrizo Canyon Ecological Reserve (page does not exist)">Carrizo Canyon</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Carrizo_Plains_Ecological_Reserve&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Carrizo Plains Ecological Reserve (page does not exist)">Carrizo Plains</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=China_Point_Ecological_Reserve&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="China Point Ecological Reserve (page does not exist)">China Point</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Clover_Creek_Ecological_Reserve&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Clover Creek Ecological Reserve (page does not exist)">Clover Creek</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Coachella_Valley_Ecological_Reserve&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Coachella Valley Ecological Reserve (page does not exist)">Coachella Valley</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Coal_Canyon_Ecological_Reserve&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Coal Canyon Ecological Reserve (page does not exist)">Coal Canyon</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Corte_Madera_Marsh_Ecological_Reserve&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Corte Madera Marsh Ecological Reserve (page does not exist)">Corte Madera Marsh</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Crestridge_Ecological_Reserve&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Crestridge Ecological Reserve (page does not exist)">Crestridge</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Dairy_Mart_Ponds_Ecological_Reserve&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Dairy Mart Ponds Ecological Reserve (page does not exist)">Dairy Mart Ponds</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Dales_Lake_Ecological_Reserve&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Dales Lake Ecological Reserve (page does not exist)">Dales Lake</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Del_Mar_Landing_Ecological_Reserve&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Del Mar Landing Ecological Reserve (page does not exist)">Del Mar Landing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eden_Landing_Ecological_Reserve" title="Eden Landing Ecological Reserve">Eden Landing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elkhorn_Slough_National_Estuarine_Research_Reserve" title="Elkhorn Slough National Estuarine Research Reserve">Elkhorn Slough</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Estelle_Mountain_Ecological_Reserve&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Estelle Mountain Ecological Reserve (page does not exist)">Estelle Mountain</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Fall_River_Mills_Ecological_Reserve&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Fall River Mills Ecological Reserve (page does not exist)">Fall River Mills</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Fish_Slough_Ecological_Reserve&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Fish Slough Ecological Reserve (page does not exist)">Fish Slough</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Fremont_Valley_Ecological_Reserve&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Fremont Valley Ecological Reserve (page does not exist)">Fremont Valley</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Goleta_Slough_Ecological_Reserve&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Goleta Slough Ecological Reserve (page does not exist)">Goleta Slough</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Indian_Joe_Spring_Ecological_Reserve&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Indian Joe Spring Ecological Reserve (page does not exist)">Indian Joe Spring</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kaweah_Ecological_Reserve&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kaweah Ecological Reserve (page does not exist)">Kaweah</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kerman_Ecological_Reserve&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kerman Ecological Reserve (page does not exist)">Kerman</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=King_Clone_Ecological_Reserve&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="King Clone Ecological Reserve (page does not exist)">King Clone</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Laguna_Laurel_Ecological_Reserve&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Laguna Laurel Ecological Reserve (page does not exist)">Laguna Laurel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Loch_Lomond_Vernal_Pool_Ecological_Reserve" title="Loch Lomond Vernal Pool Ecological Reserve">Loch Lomond Vernal Pool</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Lokern_Ecological_Reserve&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Lokern Ecological Reserve (page does not exist)">Lokern</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Magnesia_Spring_Ecological_Reserve" title="Magnesia Spring Ecological Reserve">Magnesia Spring</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marin_Islands" title="Marin Islands">Marin Islands</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mattole_River_Ecological_Reserve&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Mattole River Ecological Reserve (page does not exist)">Mattole River</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/McGinty_Mountain" title="McGinty Mountain">McGinty Mountain</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Morro_Dunes_Ecological_Reserve&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Morro Dunes Ecological Reserve (page does not exist)">Morro Dunes</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Morro_Rock_Ecological_Reserve&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Morro Rock Ecological Reserve (page does not exist)">Morro Rock</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Napa_River_Ecological_Reserve&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Napa River Ecological Reserve (page does not exist)">Napa River</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/North_Table_Mountain_Ecological_Reserve" title="North Table Mountain Ecological Reserve">North Table Mountain</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Oasis_Spring_Ecological_Reserve&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Oasis Spring Ecological Reserve (page does not exist)">Oasis Spring</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Panoche_Hills_Ecological_Reserve&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Panoche Hills Ecological Reserve (page does not exist)">Panoche Hills</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Peytonia_Slough_Ecological_Reserve&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Peytonia Slough Ecological Reserve (page does not exist)">Peytonia Slough</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Phoenix_Vernal_Pools" title="Phoenix Vernal Pools">Phoenix Vernal Pools</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pine_Hill_Ecological_Reserve" title="Pine Hill Ecological Reserve">Pine Hill</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Piute_Creek_Ecological_Reserve&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Piute Creek Ecological Reserve (page does not exist)">Piute Creek</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pleasant_Valley_Ecological_Reserve&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Pleasant Valley Ecological Reserve (page does not exist)">Pleasant Valley</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rancho_Jamul" title="Rancho Jamul">Rancho Jamul</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Redwood_Shores_Ecological_Reserve&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Redwood Shores Ecological Reserve (page does not exist)">Redwood Shores</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=River_Springs_Lakes_Ecological_Reserve&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="River Springs Lakes Ecological Reserve (page does not exist)">River Springs Lakes</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Saline_Valley_Ecological_Reserve&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Saline Valley Ecological Reserve (page does not exist)">Saline Valley</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=San_Dieguito_Lagoon_Ecological_Reserve&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="San Dieguito Lagoon Ecological Reserve (page does not exist)">San Dieguito Lagoon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/San_Elijo_Lagoon" title="San Elijo Lagoon">San Elijo Lagoon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/San_Felipe_Creek_Ecological_Reserve" class="mw-redirect" title="San Felipe Creek Ecological Reserve">San Felipe Creek</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=San_Joaquin_River_Ecological_Reserve&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="San Joaquin River Ecological Reserve (page does not exist)">San Joaquin River</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Santa_Rosa_Plateau_Ecological_Reserve" class="mw-redirect" title="Santa Rosa Plateau Ecological Reserve">Santa Rosa Plateau</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Springville_Ecological_Reserve&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Springville Ecological Reserve (page does not exist)">Springville</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Stone_Corral_Ecological_Reserve&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Stone Corral Ecological Reserve (page does not exist)">Stone Corral</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sycamore_Canyon_Ecological_Reserve&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Sycamore Canyon Ecological Reserve (page does not exist)">Sycamore Canyon</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sycuan_Peak_Ecological_Reserve&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Sycuan Peak Ecological Reserve (page does not exist)">Sycuan Peak</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Thomes_Creek_Ecological_Reserve&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Thomes Creek Ecological Reserve (page does not exist)">Thomes Creek</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tomales_Bay_Ecological_Reserve&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Tomales Bay Ecological Reserve (page does not exist)">Tomales Bay</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Upper_Newport_Bay" title="Upper Newport Bay">Upper Newport Bay</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Watsonville_Slough_Ecological_Reserve&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Watsonville Slough Ecological Reserve (page does not exist)">Watsonville Slough</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=West_Mojave_Desert_Ecological_Reserve&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="West Mojave Desert Ecological Reserve (page does not exist)">West Mojave Desert</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Woodbridge_Ecological_Reserve" class="mw-redirect" title="Woodbridge Ecological Reserve">Woodbridge</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Yaudanchi_Ecological_Reserve&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Yaudanchi Ecological Reserve (page does not exist)">Yaudanchi</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background: #FCC200;width:1%;background:#ffde53; white-space:nowrap;">Marine Protected Areas</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Abalone_Cove_State_Marine_Conservation_Area_and_Point_Vicente_State_Marine_Reserve" title="Abalone Cove State Marine Conservation Area and Point Vicente State Marine Reserve">Abalone Cove and Point Vicente</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anacapa_Island_State_Marine_Reserve" title="Anacapa Island State Marine Reserve">Anacapa Island SMCA</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/A%C3%B1o_Nuevo_State_Marine_Conservation_Area" title="Año Nuevo State Marine Conservation Area">Año Nuevo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arrow_Point_to_Lion_Head_Point_State_Marine_Conservation_Area" title="Arrow Point to Lion Head Point State Marine Conservation Area">Arrow Point to Lion Head Point</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Batiquitos_Lagoon_State_Marine_Conservation_Area" title="Batiquitos Lagoon State Marine Conservation Area">Batiquitos Lagoon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Big_Creek_State_Marine_Reserve_and_Marine_Conservation_Area" title="Big Creek State Marine Reserve and Marine Conservation Area">Big Creek</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bodega_Head_State_Marine_Reserve_%26_Bodega_Head_State_Marine_Conservation_Area" title="Bodega Head State Marine Reserve & Bodega Head State Marine Conservation Area">Bodega Head</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bolsa_Chica_Basin_State_Marine_Conservation_Area" title="Bolsa Chica Basin State Marine Conservation Area">Bolsa Chica</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cambria_State_Marine_Conservation_Area" title="Cambria State Marine Conservation Area">Cambria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Campus_Point_State_Marine_Conservation_Area" title="Campus Point State Marine Conservation Area">Campus Point</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Carmel_Bay_State_Marine_Conservation_Area" title="Carmel Bay State Marine Conservation Area">Carmel Bay</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cat_Harbor_State_Marine_Conservation_Area" title="Cat Harbor State Marine Conservation Area">Cat Harbor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Crystal_Cove_State_Marine_Conservation_Area" title="Crystal Cove State Marine Conservation Area">Crystal Cove</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dana_Point_State_Marine_Conservation_Area" title="Dana Point State Marine Conservation Area">Dana Point</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Duxbury_Reef_State_Marine_Conservation_Area" title="Duxbury Reef State Marine Conservation Area">Duxbury Reef</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Edward_F._Ricketts_State_Marine_Conservation_Area" title="Edward F. Ricketts State Marine Conservation Area">Edward F. Ricketts</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elkhorn_Slough_State_Marine_Conservation_Area" class="mw-redirect" title="Elkhorn Slough State Marine Conservation Area">Elkhorn Slough</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Estero_Americano_State_Marine_Recreational_Management_Area" title="Estero Americano State Marine Recreational Management Area">Estero Americano</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Estero_de_Limantour_State_Marine_Reserve_%26_Drakes_Estero_State_Marine_Conservation_Area" title="Estero de Limantour State Marine Reserve & Drakes Estero State Marine Conservation Area">Estero de Limantour and Drakes Estero</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Estero_de_San_Antonio_State_Marine_Recreational_Management_Area" title="Estero de San Antonio State Marine Recreational Management Area">Estero de San Antonio</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Fagan_Marsh_State_Marine_Park&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Fagan Marsh State Marine Park (page does not exist)">Fagan Marsh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Famosa_Slough_State_Marine_Conservation_Area" title="Famosa Slough State Marine Conservation Area">Famosa Slough</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Farnsworth_Onshore_and_Farnsworth_Offshore_State_Marine_Conservation_Areas" title="Farnsworth Onshore and Farnsworth Offshore State Marine Conservation Areas">Farnsworth Onshore and Offshore</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Goleta_Slough_State_Marine_Conservation_Area" title="Goleta Slough State Marine Conservation Area">Goleta Slough</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Greyhound_Rock_State_Marine_Conservation_Area" title="Greyhound Rock State Marine Conservation Area">Greyhound Rock</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lovers_Cove_State_Marine_Conservation_Area_and_Casino_Point_State_Marine_Conservation_Area" title="Lovers Cove State Marine Conservation Area and Casino Point State Marine Conservation Area">Lovers Cove and Casino Point</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=MacKerricher_State_Marine_Conservation_Area&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="MacKerricher State Marine Conservation Area (page does not exist)">MacKerricher</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Marin_Islands_State_Marine_Park&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Marin Islands State Marine Park (page does not exist)">Marin Islands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Morro_Bay_State_Marine_Recreational_Management_Area_and_Morro_Bay_State_Marine_Reserve" title="Morro Bay State Marine Recreational Management Area and Morro Bay State Marine Reserve">Morro Bay</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Naples_State_Marine_Conservation_Area" title="Naples State Marine Conservation Area">Naples</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pacific_Grove_Marine_Gardens_State_Marine_Conservation_Area" title="Pacific Grove Marine Gardens State Marine Conservation Area">Pacific Grove Marine Gardens</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Painted_Cave_State_Marine_Conservation_Area&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Painted Cave State Marine Conservation Area (page does not exist)">Painted Cave</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Piedras_Blancas_State_Marine_Reserve_and_Marine_Conservation_Area" title="Piedras Blancas State Marine Reserve and Marine Conservation Area">Piedras Blancas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Point_Arena_State_Marine_Reserve_%26_Point_Arena_State_Marine_Conservation_Area" title="Point Arena State Marine Reserve & Point Arena State Marine Conservation Area">Point Arena</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Point_Buchon_State_Marine_Reserve_and_Marine_Conservation_Area" title="Point Buchon State Marine Reserve and Marine Conservation Area">Point Buchon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Point_Dume_State_Marine_Conservation_Area" title="Point Dume State Marine Conservation Area">Point Dume</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Point_Reyes_State_Marine_Reserve_%26_Point_Reyes_State_Marine_Conservation_Area" title="Point Reyes State Marine Reserve & Point Reyes State Marine Conservation Area">Point Reyes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Point_Sur_State_Marine_Reserve_and_Marine_Conservation_Area" title="Point Sur State Marine Reserve and Marine Conservation Area">Point Sur</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Portuguese_Ledge_State_Marine_Conservation_Area" title="Portuguese Ledge State Marine Conservation Area">Portuguese Ledge</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pyramid_Point_State_Marine_Conservation_Area" title="Pyramid Point State Marine Conservation Area">Pyramid Point</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Robert_E._Badham_State_Marine_Park&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Robert E. Badham State Marine Park (page does not exist)">Robert E. Badham</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Robert_W._Crown_State_Marine_Conservation_Area&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Robert W. Crown State Marine Conservation Area (page does not exist)">Robert W. Crown</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Russian_Gulch_State_Marine_Conservation_Area&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Russian Gulch State Marine Conservation Area (page does not exist)">Russian Gulch</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Russian_River_State_Marine_Reserve_and_Russian_River_State_Marine_Conservation_Area" title="Russian River State Marine Reserve and Russian River State Marine Conservation Area">Russian River</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Salt_Point_State_Marine_Conservation_Area" title="Salt Point State Marine Conservation Area">Salt Point</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/San_Diego-Scripps_Coastal_Marine_Conservation_Area" title="San Diego-Scripps Coastal Marine Conservation Area">San Diego-Scripps</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/San_Dieguito_Lagoon_State_Marine_Conservation_Area" title="San Dieguito Lagoon State Marine Conservation Area">San Dieguito Lagoon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/San_Elijo_Lagoon_State_Marine_Conservation_Area" title="San Elijo Lagoon State Marine Conservation Area">San Elijo Lagoon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saunders_Reef_State_Marine_Conservation_Area" title="Saunders Reef State Marine Conservation Area">Saunders Reef</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sea_Lion_Cove_State_Marine_Conservation_Area" title="Sea Lion Cove State Marine Conservation Area">Sea Lion Cove</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sonoma_Coast_State_Marine_Conservation_Area" title="Sonoma Coast State Marine Conservation Area">Sonoma Coast</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Soquel_Canyon_State_Marine_Conservation_Area" title="Soquel Canyon State Marine Conservation Area">Soquel Canyon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/South_La_Jolla_State_Marine_Conservation_Area" title="South La Jolla State Marine Conservation Area">South La Jolla</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/South_Point_State_Marine_Reserve" class="mw-redirect" title="South Point State Marine Reserve">South Point</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Southeast_Farallon_Island_State_Marine_Conservation_Area&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Southeast Farallon Island State Marine Conservation Area (page does not exist)">Southeast Farallon Island</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stewarts_Point_State_Marine_Reserve_%26_Stewarts_Point_State_Marine_Conservation_Area" title="Stewarts Point State Marine Reserve & Stewarts Point State Marine Conservation Area">Stewarts Point</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Swami%27s_State_Marine_Conservation_Area" title="Swami's State Marine Conservation Area">Swami's</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tijuana_River_Mouth_State_Marine_Conservation_Area" title="Tijuana River Mouth State Marine Conservation Area">Tijuana River Mouth</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Upper_Newport_Bay_State_Marine_Conservation_Area" title="Upper Newport Bay State Marine Conservation Area">Upper Newport Bay</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Van_Damme_State_Marine_Conservation_Area&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Van Damme State Marine Conservation Area (page does not exist)">Van Damme</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vandenberg_State_Marine_Reserve" title="Vandenberg State Marine Reserve">Vandenberg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/White_Rock_(Cambria)_State_Marine_Conservation_Area" title="White Rock (Cambria) State Marine Conservation Area">White Rock (Cambria)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2" style="background: #FCC200;background:#ffde53; white-space:nowrap;"><div id="Bureau_of_Land_Management_National_Conservation_Lands" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Bureau_of_Land_Management" title="Bureau of Land Management">Bureau of Land Management</a> <a href="/wiki/National_Conservation_Lands" title="National Conservation Lands">National Conservation Lands</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background: #FCC200;width:1%;background:#ffde53; white-space:nowrap;">National Monuments</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Berryessa_Snow_Mountain_National_Monument" title="Berryessa Snow Mountain National Monument">Berryessa Snow Mountain</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/California_Coastal_National_Monument" title="California Coastal National Monument">California Coastal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Carrizo_Plain_National_Monument" class="mw-redirect" title="Carrizo Plain National Monument">Carrizo Plain</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cascade%E2%80%93Siskiyou_National_Monument" title="Cascade–Siskiyou National Monument">Cascade–Siskiyou</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fort_Ord" title="Fort Ord">Fort Ord</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mojave_Trails_National_Monument" title="Mojave Trails National Monument">Mojave Trails</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sand_to_Snow_National_Monument" title="Sand to Snow National Monument">Sand to Snow</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Santa_Rosa_and_San_Jacinto_Mountains_National_Monument" title="Santa Rosa and San Jacinto Mountains National Monument">Santa Rosa and San Jacinto Mountains</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background: #FCC200;width:1%;background:#ffde53; white-space:nowrap;">National Conservation Areas</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=California_Desert_Conservation_Area&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="California Desert Conservation Area (page does not exist)">California Desert</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/King_Range_(California)" title="King Range (California)">King Range</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background: #FCC200;width:1%;background:#ffde53; white-space:nowrap;">Wilderness Areas</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Argus_Range_Wilderness" class="mw-redirect" title="Argus Range Wilderness">Argus Range</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Big_Maria_Mountains_Wilderness" class="mw-redirect" title="Big Maria Mountains Wilderness">Big Maria Mountains</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bigelow_Cholla_Garden_Wilderness" title="Bigelow Cholla Garden Wilderness">Bigelow Cholla Garden</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bighorn_Mountain_Wilderness&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Bighorn Mountain Wilderness (page does not exist)">Bighorn Mountain</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Black_Mountain_Wilderness" title="Black Mountain Wilderness">Black Mountain</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bright_Star_Wilderness" title="Bright Star Wilderness">Bright Star</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bristol_Mountains_Wilderness&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Bristol Mountains Wilderness (page does not exist)">Bristol Mountains</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cadiz_Dunes_Wilderness" title="Cadiz Dunes Wilderness">Cadiz Dunes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Carrizo_Gorge" title="Carrizo Gorge">Carrizo Gorge</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chanchelulla_Wilderness" title="Chanchelulla Wilderness">Chanchelulla</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chemehuevi_Mountains_Wilderness" class="mw-redirect" title="Chemehuevi Mountains Wilderness">Chemehuevi Mountains</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chimney_Peak_Wilderness" title="Chimney Peak Wilderness">Chimney Peak</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chuckwalla_Mountains_Wilderness" class="mw-redirect" title="Chuckwalla Mountains Wilderness">Chuckwalla Mountains</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chumash_Wilderness" title="Chumash Wilderness">Chumash</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cleghorn_Lakes_Wilderness" title="Cleghorn Lakes Wilderness">Cleghorn Lakes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Clipper_Mountain_Wilderness" title="Clipper Mountain Wilderness">Clipper Mountain</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Coso_Range_Wilderness" title="Coso Range Wilderness">Coso Range</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Coyote_Mountains" title="Coyote Mountains">Coyote Mountains</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Darwin_Falls_Wilderness" title="Darwin Falls Wilderness">Darwin Falls</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dead_Mountains_Wilderness" class="mw-redirect" title="Dead Mountains Wilderness">Dead Mountains</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dick_Smith_Wilderness" title="Dick Smith Wilderness">Dick Smith</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/El_Paso_Mountains_Wilderness" title="El Paso Mountains Wilderness">El Paso Mountains</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fish_Creek_Mountains_Wilderness" title="Fish Creek Mountains Wilderness">Fish Creek Mountains</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Funeral_Mountains_Wilderness&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Funeral Mountains Wilderness (page does not exist)">Funeral Mountains</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Garcia_Wilderness" title="Garcia Wilderness">Garcia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Golden_Valley_Wilderness" title="Golden Valley Wilderness">Golden Valley</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Grass_Valley_Wilderness" title="Grass Valley Wilderness">Grass Valley</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Headwaters_Forest_Reserve" title="Headwaters Forest Reserve">Headwaters Forest Reserve</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hollow_Hills_Wilderness" title="Hollow Hills Wilderness">Hollow Hills</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ibex_Wilderness&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ibex Wilderness (page does not exist)">Ibex</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indian_Pass_Wilderness" title="Indian Pass Wilderness">Indian Pass</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Inyo_Mountains_Wilderness" class="mw-redirect" title="Inyo Mountains Wilderness">Inyo Mountains</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jacumba_Valley_and_Jacumba_Wilderness_Area" title="Jacumba Valley and Jacumba Wilderness Area">Jacumba</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kelso_Dunes_Wilderness&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kelso Dunes Wilderness (page does not exist)">Kelso Dunes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kiavah_Wilderness" title="Kiavah Wilderness">Kiavah</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kingston_Range_Wilderness&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kingston Range Wilderness (page does not exist)">Kingston Range</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Little_Chuckwalla_Mountains_Wilderness" class="mw-redirect" title="Little Chuckwalla Mountains Wilderness">Little Chuckwalla Mountains</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Little_Picacho_Wilderness" title="Little Picacho Wilderness">Little Picacho</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Machesna_Mountain_Wilderness&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Machesna Mountain Wilderness (page does not exist)">Machesna Mountain</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Malpais_Mesa_Wilderness&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Malpais Mesa Wilderness (page does not exist)">Malpais Mesa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Manly_Peak_Wilderness" title="Manly Peak Wilderness">Manly Peak</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Matilija_Wilderness" title="Matilija Wilderness">Matilija</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mecca_Hills_Wilderness&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Mecca Hills Wilderness (page does not exist)">Mecca Hills</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mesquite_Wilderness&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Mesquite Wilderness (page does not exist)">Mesquite</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Newberry_Mountains_Wilderness&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Newberry Mountains Wilderness (page does not exist)">Newberry Mountains</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Nopah_Range_Wilderness&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Nopah Range Wilderness (page does not exist)">Nopah Range</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Algodones_Dunes" title="Algodones Dunes">North Algodones Dunes</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=North_Mesquite_Mountains_Wilderness&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="North Mesquite Mountains Wilderness (page does not exist)">North Mesquite Mountains</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Old_Woman_Mountains_Wilderness" title="Old Woman Mountains Wilderness">Old Woman Mountains</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Orocopia_Mountains_Wilderness&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Orocopia Mountains Wilderness (page does not exist)">Orocopia Mountains</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Otay_Mountain_Wilderness" title="Otay Mountain Wilderness">Otay Mountain</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Owens_Peak_Wilderness" title="Owens Peak Wilderness">Owens Peak</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pahrump_Valley_Wilderness" class="mw-redirect" title="Pahrump Valley Wilderness">Pahrump Valley</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Palen/McCoy_Wilderness&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Palen/McCoy Wilderness (page does not exist)">Palen/McCoy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Palo_Verde_Mountains" title="Palo Verde Mountains">Palo Verde Mountains</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Picacho_Peak_Wilderness" title="Picacho Peak Wilderness">Picacho Peak</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Piper_Mountain_Wilderness" title="Piper Mountain Wilderness">Piper Mountain</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Piute_Mountains_Wilderness&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Piute Mountains Wilderness (page does not exist)">Piute Mountains</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Red_Buttes_Wilderness" title="Red Buttes Wilderness">Red Buttes</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Resting_Spring_Range_Wilderness&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Resting Spring Range Wilderness (page does not exist)">Resting Spring Range</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rice_Valley_Wilderness" title="Rice Valley Wilderness">Rice Valley</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Riverside_Mountains_Wilderness" class="mw-redirect" title="Riverside Mountains Wilderness">Riverside Mountains</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Rodman_Mountains_Wilderness&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Rodman Mountains Wilderness (page does not exist)">Rodman Mountains</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sacatar_Trail_Wilderness" title="Sacatar Trail Wilderness">Sacatar Trail</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saddle_Peak_Hills_Wilderness" title="Saddle Peak Hills Wilderness">Saddle Peak Hills</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/San_Gorgonio_Wilderness" title="San Gorgonio Wilderness">San Gorgonio</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Santa_Lucia_Wilderness&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Santa Lucia Wilderness (page does not exist)">Santa Lucia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Santa_Rosa_Wilderness" title="Santa Rosa Wilderness">Santa Rosa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sawtooth_Mountains_Wilderness" title="Sawtooth Mountains Wilderness">Sawtooth Mountains</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sespe_Wilderness" title="Sespe Wilderness">Sespe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sheephole_Valley_Wilderness" class="mw-redirect" title="Sheephole Valley Wilderness">Sheephole Valley</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=South_Nopah_Range_Wilderness&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="South Nopah Range Wilderness (page does not exist)">South Nopah Range</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stateline_Wilderness" title="Stateline Wilderness">Stateline</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stepladder_Mountains" title="Stepladder Mountains">Stepladder Mountains</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Surprise_Canyon_Wilderness&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Surprise Canyon Wilderness (page does not exist)">Surprise Canyon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sylvania_Mountains_Wilderness" title="Sylvania Mountains Wilderness">Sylvania Mountains</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trilobite_Wilderness" title="Trilobite Wilderness">Trilobite</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Turtle_Mountains_Wilderness" class="mw-redirect" title="Turtle Mountains Wilderness">Turtle Mountains</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Whipple_Mountains_Wilderness" title="Whipple Mountains Wilderness">Whipple Mountains</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2" style="background: #FCC200;background:#ffde53; white-space:nowrap;"><div id="National_Marine_Sanctuaries" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/National_Marine_Sanctuary" title="National Marine Sanctuary">National Marine Sanctuaries</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Channel_Islands_National_Marine_Sanctuary" title="Channel Islands National Marine Sanctuary">Channel Islands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chumash_Heritage_National_Marine_Sanctuary" title="Chumash Heritage National Marine Sanctuary">Chumash Heritage</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cordell_Bank_National_Marine_Sanctuary" title="Cordell Bank National Marine Sanctuary">Cordell Bank</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Greater_Farallones_National_Marine_Sanctuary" title="Greater Farallones National Marine Sanctuary">Greater Farallones</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Monterey_Bay_National_Marine_Sanctuary" title="Monterey Bay National Marine Sanctuary">Monterey Bay</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2" style="background: #FCC200;background:#ffde53; white-space:nowrap;"><div id="National_Estuarine_Research_Reserves" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/National_Estuarine_Research_Reserve" title="National Estuarine Research Reserve">National Estuarine Research Reserves</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Elkhorn_Slough_National_Estuarine_Research_Reserve" title="Elkhorn Slough National Estuarine Research Reserve">Elkhorn Slough</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/San_Francisco_Bay_National_Estuarine_Research_Reserve" title="San Francisco Bay National Estuarine Research Reserve">San Francisco Bay</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tijuana_River_National_Estuarine_Research_Reserve" title="Tijuana River National Estuarine Research Reserve">Tijuana River</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2" style="background: #FCC200;background:#ffde53; white-space:nowrap;"><div id="University_of_California_Natural_Reserve_System" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/University_of_California_Natural_Reserve_System" title="University of California Natural Reserve System">University of California Natural Reserve System</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Angelo_Coast_Range_Reserve" title="Angelo Coast Range Reserve">Angelo Coast Range</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/A%C3%B1o_Nuevo_Island" title="Año Nuevo Island">Año Nuevo Island</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Blue_Oak_Ranch_Reserve" title="Blue Oak Ranch Reserve">Blue Oak Ranch</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bodega_Marine_Reserve" title="Bodega Marine Reserve">Bodega Marine</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Box_Springs_Reserve&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Box Springs Reserve (page does not exist)">Box Springs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Burns_Pi%C3%B1on_Ridge_Reserve" title="Burns Piñon Ridge Reserve">Burns Piñon Ridge</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Carpinteria_Salt_Marsh_Reserve&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Carpinteria Salt Marsh Reserve (page does not exist)">Carpinteria Salt Marsh</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Chickering_American_River_Reserve&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Chickering American River Reserve (page does not exist)">Chickering American River</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Coal_Oil_Point_Natural_Reserve" class="mw-redirect" title="Coal Oil Point Natural Reserve">Coal Oil Point</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Dawson_Los_Monos_Canyon_Reserve&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Dawson Los Monos Canyon Reserve (page does not exist)">Dawson Los Monos Canyon</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Eagle_Lake_Field_Station&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Eagle Lake Field Station (page does not exist)">Eagle Lake Field Station</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Elliott_Chaparral_Reserve&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Elliott Chaparral Reserve (page does not exist)">Elliott Chaparral</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Emerson_Oaks_Reserve&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Emerson Oaks Reserve (page does not exist)">Emerson Oaks</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fort_Ord_Natural_Reserve" class="mw-redirect" title="Fort Ord Natural Reserve">Fort Ord</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hans_Jenny_Pygmy_Forest_Reserve&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Hans Jenny Pygmy Forest Reserve (page does not exist)">Hans Jenny Pygmy Forest</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hastings_Natural_History_Reservation&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Hastings Natural History Reservation (page does not exist)">Hastings</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_Reserve" title="James Reserve">James San Jacinto Mountains</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Jepson_Prairie_Reserve&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Jepson Prairie Reserve (page does not exist)">Jepson Prairie</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kendall-Frost_Mission_Bay_Marsh_Reserve" title="Kendall-Frost Mission Bay Marsh Reserve">Kendall-Frost Mission Bay Marsh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Landels-Hill_Big_Creek_Reserve" title="Landels-Hill Big Creek Reserve">Landels-Hill Big Creek</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Lassen_Field_Station&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Lassen Field Station (page does not exist)">Lassen Field Station</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/McLaughlin_Natural_Reserve" title="McLaughlin Natural Reserve">McLaughlin</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Merced_Vernal_Pools_and_Grassland_Reserve&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Merced Vernal Pools and Grassland Reserve (page does not exist)">Merced Vernal Pools and Grassland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Motte_Rimrock_Reserve" title="Motte Rimrock Reserve">Motte Rimrock</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Philip_L._Boyd_Deep_Canyon_Desert_Research_Center" title="Philip L. Boyd Deep Canyon Desert Research Center">Philip L. Boyd Deep Canyon Desert</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Point_Reyes_Field_Station&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Point Reyes Field Station (page does not exist)">Point Reyes Field Station</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Quail_Ridge_Reserve" title="Quail Ridge Reserve">Quail Ridge</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rancho_Marino_Reserve" title="Rancho Marino Reserve">Rancho Marino</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sagehen_Creek_Field_Station" title="Sagehen Creek Field Station">Sagehen Creek Field Station</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=San_Joaquin_Marsh_Reserve&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="San Joaquin Marsh Reserve (page does not exist)">San Joaquin Marsh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Santa_Cruz_Island" title="Santa Cruz Island">Santa Cruz Island</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scripps_Coastal_Reserve" title="Scripps Coastal Reserve">Scripps Coastal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sedgwick_Reserve" title="Sedgwick Reserve">Sedgwick</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stebbins_Cold_Canyon_Reserve" title="Stebbins Cold Canyon Reserve">Stebbins Cold Canyon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Steele_Burnand_Anza-Borrego_Desert_Research_Center" title="Steele Burnand Anza-Borrego Desert Research Center">Steele Burnand Anza-Borrego Desert</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stunt_Ranch_Santa_Monica_Mountains_Reserve" title="Stunt Ranch Santa Monica Mountains Reserve">Stunt Ranch Santa Monica Mountains</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sweeney_Granite_Mountains_Desert_Research_Center" class="mw-redirect" title="Sweeney Granite Mountains Desert Research Center">Sweeney Granite Mountains Desert</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Valentine_Eastern_Sierra_Reserve&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Valentine Eastern Sierra Reserve (page does not exist)">Valentine Eastern Sierra</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=White_Mountain_Research_Center&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="White Mountain Research Center (page does not exist)">White Mountain</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Younger_Lagoon_Reserve" title="Younger Lagoon Reserve">Younger Lagoon</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2" style="background: #FCC200;background:#ffde53; white-space:nowrap;"><div id="Private_Conservation_Land_Trusts" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Land_trust" title="Land trust">Private Conservation Land Trusts</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Agua_Hedionda_Lagoon" title="Agua Hedionda Lagoon">Agua Hedionda Lagoon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arastradero_Preserve" title="Arastradero Preserve">Arastradero Preserve</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arroyo_Conejo_Open_Space" title="Arroyo Conejo Open Space">Arroyo Conejo Open Space</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Audubon_Canyon_Ranch" title="Audubon Canyon Ranch">Audubon Canyon Ranch</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bear_Creek_Redwoods_Open_Space_Preserve" title="Bear Creek Redwoods Open Space Preserve">Bear Creek Redwoods Open Space Preserve</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Blue_Ridge_Berryessa_Natural_Area" title="Blue Ridge Berryessa Natural Area">Blue Ridge Berryessa Natural Area</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bluff_Lake_(San_Bernardino_County,_California)" title="Bluff Lake (San Bernardino County, California)">Bluff Lake</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Big_Sur_Land_Trust" title="Big Sur Land Trust">Big Sur Land Trust</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/California_Rangeland_Trust" title="California Rangeland Trust">California Rangeland Trust</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Catalina_Island_Conservancy" title="Catalina Island Conservancy">Catalina Island Conservancy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Claremont_Canyon_Conservancy" title="Claremont Canyon Conservancy">Claremont Canyon Conservancy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cosumnes_River_Preserve" title="Cosumnes River Preserve">Cosumnes River Preserve</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fairfield_Osborn_Preserve" title="Fairfield Osborn Preserve">Fairfield Osborn Preserve</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Land_Conservancy_of_San_Luis_Obispo_County" title="Land Conservancy of San Luis Obispo County">Land Conservancy of San Luis Obispo County</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pacific_Forest_Trust" title="Pacific Forest Trust">Pacific Forest Trust</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Palos_Verdes_Peninsula_Land_Conservancy" title="Palos Verdes Peninsula Land Conservancy">Palos Verdes Peninsula Land Conservancy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peninsula_Open_Space_Trust" title="Peninsula Open Space Trust">Peninsula Open Space Trust</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pepperwood_Preserve" title="Pepperwood Preserve">Pepperwood Preserve</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sanctuary_Forest" title="Sanctuary Forest">Sanctuary Forest</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Santa_Cruz_Island" title="Santa Cruz Island">Santa Cruz Island</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Santa_Lucia_Preserve" title="Santa Lucia Preserve">Santa Lucia Preserve</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sempervirens_Fund" title="Sempervirens Fund">Sempervirens Fund</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sierra_Nevada_Alliance" title="Sierra Nevada Alliance">Sierra Nevada Alliance</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sogorea_Te_Land_Trust" title="Sogorea Te Land Trust">Sogorea Te Land Trust</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Nature_Conservancy" title="The Nature Conservancy">The Nature Conservancy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trust_for_Public_Land" title="Trust for Public Land">Trust for Public Land</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Wildlands_Conservancy" title="The Wildlands Conservancy">The Wildlands Conservancy</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2" style="background: #FCC200"><div> <dl><dt>Heritage registers</dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/National_Natural_Landmark#California" title="National Natural Landmark">National Natural Landmarks</a></dd></dl> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Western_United_States" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2" style="background:#ECA8B3;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Western_United_States" title="Template:Western United States"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Western_United_States" title="Template talk:Western United States"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Western_United_States" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Western United States"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Western_United_States" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Western_United_States" title="Western United States">Western United States</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#ECA8B3;;width:1%">Regions</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Rocky_Mountains" title="Rocky Mountains">Rocky Mountains</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Great_Basin" title="Great Basin">Great Basin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/West_Coast_of_the_United_States" title="West Coast of the United States">West Coast</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pacific_Northwest" title="Pacific Northwest">Pacific Northwest</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mountain_States" class="mw-redirect" title="Mountain States">Mountain States</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#ECA8B3;;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/U.S._state" title="U.S. state">States</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Alaska" title="Alaska">Alaska</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arizona" title="Arizona">Arizona</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">California</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Colorado" title="Colorado">Colorado</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hawaii" title="Hawaii">Hawaii</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Idaho" title="Idaho">Idaho</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Montana" title="Montana">Montana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nevada" title="Nevada">Nevada</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_Mexico" title="New Mexico">New Mexico</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oregon" title="Oregon">Oregon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Utah" title="Utah">Utah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Washington_(state)" title="Washington (state)">Washington</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wyoming" title="Wyoming">Wyoming</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#ECA8B3;;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Territories_of_the_United_States" title="Territories of the United States">Territories</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/American_Samoa" title="American Samoa">American Samoa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Guam" title="Guam">Guam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Northern_Mariana_Islands" title="Northern Mariana Islands">Northern Mariana Islands</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#ECA8B3;;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Metropolitan_area" title="Metropolitan area">Major metropolitan areas</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Greater_Los_Angeles" title="Greater Los Angeles">Los Angeles</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Phoenix_metropolitan_area" title="Phoenix metropolitan area">Phoenix</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/San_Francisco_Bay_Area" title="San Francisco Bay Area">San Francisco Bay Area</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/San_Jose%E2%80%93San_Francisco%E2%80%93Oakland,_CA_Combined_Statistical_Area" class="mw-redirect" title="San Jose–San Francisco–Oakland, CA Combined Statistical Area">San Jose–Oakland</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Inland_Empire_(California)" class="mw-redirect" title="Inland Empire (California)">San Bernardino-Riverside</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Seattle_metropolitan_area" title="Seattle metropolitan area">Seattle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/San_Diego_metropolitan_area" class="mw-redirect" title="San Diego metropolitan area">San Diego</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Denver_metropolitan_area" title="Denver metropolitan area">Denver</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Portland_metropolitan_area" title="Portland metropolitan area">Portland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Las_Vegas_Valley" title="Las Vegas Valley">Las Vegas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sacramento_metropolitan_area" title="Sacramento metropolitan area">Sacramento</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Salt_Lake_City_metropolitan_area" title="Salt Lake City metropolitan area">Salt Lake City</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Honolulu_County,_Hawaii" title="Honolulu County, Hawaii">Honolulu</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Oahu" title="Oahu">Oʻahu</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Albuquerque_metropolitan_area" title="Albuquerque metropolitan area">Albuquerque</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Albuquerque%E2%80%93Santa_Fe%E2%80%93Las_Vegas_combined_statistical_area" class="mw-redirect" title="Albuquerque–Santa Fe–Las Vegas combined statistical area">Santa Fe</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anchorage_metropolitan_area" title="Anchorage metropolitan area">Anchorage</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#ECA8B3;;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/List_of_United_States_cities_by_population" title="List of United States cities by population">Major cities</a> (over 300k)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Albuquerque,_New_Mexico" title="Albuquerque, New Mexico">Albuquerque</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anaheim,_California" title="Anaheim, California">Anaheim</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aurora,_Colorado" title="Aurora, Colorado">Aurora</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bakersfield,_California" title="Bakersfield, California">Bakersfield</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Colorado_Springs,_Colorado" title="Colorado Springs, Colorado">Colorado Springs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Denver" title="Denver">Denver</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fresno,_California" title="Fresno, California">Fresno</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Henderson,_Nevada" title="Henderson, Nevada">Henderson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Honolulu" title="Honolulu">Honolulu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Las_Vegas" title="Las Vegas">Las Vegas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Long_Beach,_California" title="Long Beach, California">Long Beach</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Los_Angeles" title="Los Angeles">Los Angeles</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mesa,_Arizona" title="Mesa, Arizona">Mesa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oakland,_California" title="Oakland, California">Oakland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Phoenix,_Arizona" title="Phoenix, Arizona">Phoenix</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Portland,_Oregon" title="Portland, Oregon">Portland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Riverside,_California" title="Riverside, California">Riverside</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sacramento,_California" title="Sacramento, California">Sacramento</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/San_Diego" title="San Diego">San Diego</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/San_Francisco" title="San Francisco">San Francisco</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/San_Jose,_California" title="San Jose, California">San Jose</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Santa_Ana,_California" title="Santa Ana, California">Santa Ana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Seattle" title="Seattle">Seattle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stockton,_California" title="Stockton, California">Stockton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tucson,_Arizona" title="Tucson, Arizona">Tucson</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#ECA8B3;;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/List_of_capitals_in_the_United_States" title="List of capitals in the United States">State capitals</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Boise,_Idaho" title="Boise, Idaho">Boise</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Carson_City,_Nevada" title="Carson City, Nevada">Carson City</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cheyenne,_Wyoming" title="Cheyenne, Wyoming">Cheyenne</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Denver" title="Denver">Denver</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Helena,_Montana" title="Helena, Montana">Helena</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Honolulu" title="Honolulu">Honolulu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Juneau,_Alaska" title="Juneau, Alaska">Juneau</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Olympia,_Washington" title="Olympia, Washington">Olympia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Phoenix,_Arizona" title="Phoenix, Arizona">Phoenix</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sacramento,_California" title="Sacramento, California">Sacramento</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Salem,_Oregon" title="Salem, Oregon">Salem</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Salt_Lake_City" title="Salt Lake City">Salt Lake City</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Santa_Fe,_New_Mexico" title="Santa Fe, New Mexico">Santa Fe</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#ECA8B3;;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/List_of_capitals_in_the_United_States" title="List of capitals in the United States">Territorial capitals</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Hag%C3%A5t%C3%B1a,_Guam" title="Hagåtña, Guam">Hagåtña</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pago_Pago" class="mw-redirect" title="Pago Pago">Pago Pago</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saipan" class="mw-redirect" title="Saipan">Saipan</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="New_Spain_(1521–1821)" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:New_Spain" title="Template:New Spain"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:New_Spain" title="Template talk:New Spain"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:New_Spain" title="Special:EditPage/Template:New Spain"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="New_Spain_(1521–1821)" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/New_Spain" title="New Spain">New Spain</a> (1521–1821)</div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Spanish_colonization_of_the_Americas" title="Spanish colonization of the Americas">Conflicts</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Spanish_conquest_of_the_Aztec_Empire" title="Spanish conquest of the Aztec Empire">Spanish conquest of the Aztec Empire</a> →</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spanish_conquest_of_Guatemala" title="Spanish conquest of Guatemala">Spanish conquest of Guatemala</a> →</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spanish_conquest_of_Yucat%C3%A1n" title="Spanish conquest of Yucatán">Spanish conquest of Yucatán</a> →</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anglo-Spanish_War_(1585%E2%80%931604)" title="Anglo-Spanish War (1585–1604)">Anglo-Spanish War (1585–1604)</a> →</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anglo-Spanish_War_(1625%E2%80%931630)" title="Anglo-Spanish War (1625–1630)">Anglo-Spanish War (1625–1630)</a> →</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dutch_Revolt" class="mw-redirect" title="Dutch Revolt">Dutch Revolt</a> →</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anglo-Spanish_War_(1654%E2%80%931660)" title="Anglo-Spanish War (1654–1660)">Anglo-Spanish War (1654–1660)</a> →</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Piracy_in_the_Caribbean" title="Piracy in the Caribbean">Piracy in the Caribbean</a> →</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Queen_Anne%27s_War" title="Queen Anne's War">Queen Anne's War</a> →</li> <li><a href="/wiki/War_of_Jenkins%27_Ear" title="War of Jenkins' Ear">War of Jenkins' Ear</a> →</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anglo-Spanish_War_(1762%E2%80%931763)" title="Anglo-Spanish War (1762–1763)">Seven Years' War</a> →</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spain_and_the_American_Revolutionary_War" title="Spain and the American Revolutionary War">Spain and the American Revolutionary War</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Conflicts with indigenous peoples during colonial rule</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Mixt%C3%B3n_War" title="Mixtón War">Mixtón War</a> →</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yaqui_Wars" title="Yaqui Wars">Yaqui Wars</a> →</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chichimeca_War" title="Chichimeca War">Chichimeca War</a> →</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Philippine_revolts_against_Spain" title="Philippine revolts against Spain">Philippine revolts against Spain</a> →</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Acaxee_Rebellion" title="Acaxee Rebellion">Acaxee Rebellion</a> →</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spanish%E2%80%93Moro_conflict" title="Spanish–Moro conflict">Spanish–Moro conflict</a> →</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Acoma_Massacre" class="mw-redirect" title="Acoma Massacre">Acoma Massacre</a> →</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tepehu%C3%A1n_Revolt" title="Tepehuán Revolt">Tepehuán Revolt</a> →</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tzeltal_Rebellion_of_1712" title="Tzeltal Rebellion of 1712">Tzeltal Rebellion</a> →</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pueblo_Revolt" title="Pueblo Revolt">Pueblo Revolt</a> →</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pima_Revolt" class="mw-redirect" title="Pima Revolt">Pima Revolt</a> →</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spanish_American_wars_of_independence" title="Spanish American wars of independence">Spanish American wars of independence</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Central government and administration</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Habsburg_Spain" title="Habsburg Spain">Habsburg Spain</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Charles_V,_Holy_Roman_Emperor" title="Charles V, Holy Roman Emperor">Charles I</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joanna_of_Castile" title="Joanna of Castile">Joanna of Castile</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Philip_II_of_Spain" title="Philip II of Spain">Philip II</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Philip_III_of_Spain" title="Philip III of Spain">Philp III</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Philip_IV_of_Spain" title="Philip IV of Spain">Philip IV</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_II_of_Spain" title="Charles II of Spain">Charles II</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Enlightenment_in_Spain" title="Enlightenment in Spain">Bourbon Spain</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Philip_V_of_Spain" title="Philip V of Spain">Philip V</a> (also reigned after Louis I)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Louis_I_of_Spain" title="Louis I of Spain">Louis I</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ferdinand_VI_of_Spain" class="mw-redirect" title="Ferdinand VI of Spain">Ferdinand VI</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_III_of_Spain" title="Charles III of Spain">Charles III</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_IV_of_Spain" title="Charles IV of Spain">Charles IV</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ferdinand_VII_of_Spain" class="mw-redirect" title="Ferdinand VII of Spain">Ferdinand VII of Spain</a> (also reigned after <a href="/wiki/Joseph_Bonaparte" title="Joseph Bonaparte">Joseph I</a>)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Viceroys of New Spain</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_viceroys_of_New_Spain" title="List of viceroys of New Spain">List of viceroys of New Spain</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Real_Audiencia" title="Real Audiencia">Audiencias</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Royal_Audiencia_of_Guadalajara" title="Royal Audiencia of Guadalajara">Guadalajara</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Captaincy_General_of_Guatemala" title="Captaincy General of Guatemala">Captaincy General of Guatemala</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Real_Audiencia_of_Manila" title="Real Audiencia of Manila">Manila</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Real_Audiencia_of_Mexico" title="Real Audiencia of Mexico">Mexico</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Real_Audiencia_of_Santo_Domingo" title="Real Audiencia of Santo Domingo">Santo Domingo</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Captaincy_General" class="mw-redirect" title="Captaincy General">Captancies General</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Captaincy_General_of_Cuba" title="Captaincy General of Cuba">Cuba</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Captaincy_General_of_Guatemala" title="Captaincy General of Guatemala">Guatemala</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Captaincy_General_of_the_Philippines" title="Captaincy General of the Philippines">Philippines</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Captaincy_General_of_Puerto_Rico" title="Captaincy General of Puerto Rico">Puerto Rico</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Captaincy_General_of_Santo_Domingo" title="Captaincy General of Santo Domingo">Santo Domingo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Captaincy_General_of_Yucat%C3%A1n" title="Captaincy General of Yucatán">Yucatán</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Provincias_Internas" title="Provincias Internas">Provincias Internas</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Indendancies_of_New_Spain" class="mw-redirect" title="Indendancies of New Spain">Intendancy</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Captaincy_General_of_Cuba" title="Captaincy General of Cuba">Havana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Louisiana_(New_Spain)" title="Louisiana (New Spain)">New Orleans</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/State_of_Mexico" title="State of Mexico">State of Mexico</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chiapas" title="Chiapas">Chiapas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Comayagua" title="Comayagua">Comayagua</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Le%C3%B3n,_Nicaragua" title="León, Nicaragua">Nicaragua</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Camag%C3%BCey" title="Camagüey">Camagüey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Santiago_de_Cuba" title="Santiago de Cuba">Santiago de Cuba</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Guanajuato" title="Guanajuato">Guanajuato</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Michoac%C3%A1n" title="Michoacán">Valladolid</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Guadalajara" title="Guadalajara">Guadalajara</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zacatecas" title="Zacatecas">Zacatecas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/San_Luis_Potos%C3%AD" title="San Luis Potosí">San Luis Potosí</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Veracruz" title="Veracruz">Veracruz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Puebla" title="Puebla">Puebla</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oaxaca" title="Oaxaca">Oaxaca</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Durango" title="Durango">Durango</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sonora" title="Sonora">Sonora</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/M%C3%A9rida,_Yucat%C3%A1n" title="Mérida, Yucatán">Mérida, Yucatán</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spanish_Florida" title="Spanish Florida">La Florida</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Politics</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Viceroy" title="Viceroy">Viceroy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Governorate" title="Governorate">Gobernaciones</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Adelantado" title="Adelantado">Adelantado</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Captain_general" title="Captain general">Captain general</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Corregidor_(position)" title="Corregidor (position)">Corregidor (position)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cabildo_(council)" title="Cabildo (council)">Cabildo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Encomienda" title="Encomienda">Encomienda</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Treaties</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Treaty_of_Tordesillas" title="Treaty of Tordesillas">Treaty of Tordesillas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Treaty_of_Zaragoza" title="Treaty of Zaragoza">Treaty of Zaragoza</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peace_of_Westphalia" title="Peace of Westphalia">Peace of Westphalia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peace_of_Ryswick" title="Peace of Ryswick">Peace of Ryswick</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peace_of_Utrecht" title="Peace of Utrecht">Peace of Utrecht</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Congress_of_Breda" title="Congress of Breda">Congress of Breda</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Treaty_of_Fontainebleau_(1762)" title="Treaty of Fontainebleau (1762)">Treaty of Fontainebleau (1762)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Treaty_of_Paris_(1783)" title="Treaty of Paris (1783)">Treaty of Paris (1783)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Treaty_of_C%C3%B3rdoba" title="Treaty of Córdoba">Treaty of Córdoba</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Adams%E2%80%93On%C3%ADs_Treaty" title="Adams–Onís Treaty">Adams–Onís Treaty</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Notable cities, provinces, and territories</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Cities</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/History_of_Mexico_City" title="History of Mexico City">Mexico City</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_Veracruz_(city)" class="mw-redirect" title="History of Veracruz (city)">Veracruz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Xalapa" title="Xalapa">Xalapa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Puebla_(city)" title="Puebla (city)">Puebla</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Toluca" title="Toluca">Toluca</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cuernavaca" title="Cuernavaca">Cuernavaca</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oaxaca_City" title="Oaxaca City">Oaxaca</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Morelia" title="Morelia">Morelia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Acapulco" title="Acapulco">Acapulco</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Campeche_(city)" title="Campeche (city)">Campeche</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/M%C3%A9rida,_Yucat%C3%A1n" title="Mérida, Yucatán">Mérida</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Guadalajara" title="Guadalajara">Guadalajara</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Durango_(city)" title="Durango (city)">Durango</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Monterrey" title="Monterrey">Monterrey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Le%C3%B3n,_Guanajuato" title="León, Guanajuato">León</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Guanajuato_City" class="mw-redirect" title="Guanajuato City">Guanajuato</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zacatecas_(city)" title="Zacatecas (city)">Zacatecas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pachuca" title="Pachuca">Pachuca</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Quer%C3%A9taro_(city)" title="Querétaro (city)">Querétaro</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saltillo" title="Saltillo">Saltillo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/San_Luis_Potos%C3%AD_(city)" title="San Luis Potosí (city)">San Luis Potosí</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pueblo_de_Los_%C3%81ngeles" title="Pueblo de Los Ángeles">Los Ángeles</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yerba_Buena,_California" title="Yerba Buena, California">Yerba Buena (San Francisco)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_San_Jose,_California#First_Spanish_pueblo_in_California" title="History of San Jose, California">San José</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Presidio_of_San_Diego" title="Presidio of San Diego">San Diego</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Santa_Fe,_New_Mexico" title="Santa Fe, New Mexico">Santa Fe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Albuquerque,_New_Mexico" title="Albuquerque, New Mexico">Albuquerque</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/El_Paso,_Texas" title="El Paso, Texas">El Paso</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Los_Adaes" title="Los Adaes">Los Adaes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_San_Antonio" title="History of San Antonio">San Antonio</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tucson,_Arizona" title="Tucson, Arizona">Tucson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pensacola,_Florida" title="Pensacola, Florida">Pensacola</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/St._Augustine,_Florida" title="St. Augustine, Florida">St. Augustine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_Havana" title="History of Havana">Havana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_Santo_Domingo" class="mw-redirect" title="History of Santo Domingo">Santo Domingo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/San_Juan,_Puerto_Rico" title="San Juan, Puerto Rico">San Juan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Antigua_Guatemala" title="Antigua Guatemala">Antigua Guatemala</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cebu" title="Cebu">Cebu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_Manila" title="History of Manila">Manila</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Provinces and territories</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Louisiana_(New_Spain)" title="Louisiana (New Spain)">Louisiana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spanish_Florida" title="Spanish Florida">La Florida</a> (<a href="/wiki/Florida" title="Florida">Florida</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Province_of_Las_Californias" title="Province of Las Californias">Las Californias</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Alta_California" title="Alta California">Alta California</a> (<a class="mw-selflink selflink">California</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Baja_California_Province" class="mw-redirect" title="Baja California Province">Baja California</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Santa_Fe_de_Nuevo_M%C3%A9xico" title="Santa Fe de Nuevo México">Santa Fe de Nuevo México</a> (<a href="/wiki/New_Mexico" title="New Mexico">New Mexico</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spanish_Texas" title="Spanish Texas">Tejas</a> (<a href="/wiki/Texas" title="Texas">Texas</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nueva_Galicia" title="Nueva Galicia">Nueva Galicia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nueva_Vizcaya" title="Nueva Vizcaya">Nueva Vizcaya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nueva_Extremadura" title="Nueva Extremadura">Nueva Extremadura</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_Kingdom_of_Le%C3%B3n" title="New Kingdom of León">New Kingdom of León</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cebu" title="Cebu">Cebu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bulacan" title="Bulacan">Bulacan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pampanga" title="Pampanga">Pampanga</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other areas</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Spanish_Formosa" title="Spanish Formosa">Spanish Formosa</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Explorers, adventurers and conquistadors</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Pre-New Spain explorers</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Christopher_Columbus" title="Christopher Columbus">Christopher Columbus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ferdinand_Magellan" title="Ferdinand Magellan">Ferdinand Magellan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Juan_Sebasti%C3%A1n_Elcano" title="Juan Sebastián Elcano">Juan Sebastián Elcano</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vasco_N%C3%BA%C3%B1ez_de_Balboa" title="Vasco Núñez de Balboa">Vasco Núñez de Balboa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Diego_Vel%C3%A1zquez_de_Cu%C3%A9llar" title="Diego Velázquez de Cuéllar">Diego Velázquez de Cuéllar</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Explorers and <a href="/wiki/Conquistador" title="Conquistador">conquistadors</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Hern%C3%A1n_Cort%C3%A9s" title="Hernán Cortés">Hernán Cortés</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Juan_Ponce_de_Le%C3%B3n" title="Juan Ponce de León">Juan Ponce de León</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nu%C3%B1o_de_Guzm%C3%A1n" title="Nuño de Guzmán">Nuño de Guzmán</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bernal_D%C3%ADaz_del_Castillo" title="Bernal Díaz del Castillo">Bernal Díaz del Castillo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pedro_de_Alvarado" title="Pedro de Alvarado">Pedro de Alvarado</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/P%C3%A1nfilo_de_Narv%C3%A1ez" title="Pánfilo de Narváez">Pánfilo de Narváez</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hernando_de_Soto" title="Hernando de Soto">Hernando de Soto</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Francisco_V%C3%A1zquez_de_Coronado" title="Francisco Vázquez de Coronado">Francisco Vázquez de Coronado</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Juan_Rodr%C3%ADguez_Cabrillo" title="Juan Rodríguez Cabrillo">Juan Rodríguez Cabrillo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Miguel_L%C3%B3pez_de_Legazpi" title="Miguel López de Legazpi">Miguel López de Legazpi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%C3%81ngel_de_Villafa%C3%B1e" title="Ángel de Villafañe">Ángel de Villafañe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%C3%81lvar_N%C3%BA%C3%B1ez_Cabeza_de_Vaca" title="Álvar Núñez Cabeza de Vaca">Álvar Núñez Cabeza de Vaca</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pedro_Men%C3%A9ndez_de_Avil%C3%A9s" title="Pedro Menéndez de Avilés">Pedro Menéndez de Avilés</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Luis_de_Carvajal_y_de_la_Cueva" title="Luis de Carvajal y de la Cueva">Luis de Carvajal y de la Cueva</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Juan_de_O%C3%B1ate" title="Juan de Oñate">Juan de Oñate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Juan_Jos%C3%A9_P%C3%A9rez_Hern%C3%A1ndez" title="Juan José Pérez Hernández">Juan José Pérez Hernández</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gaspar_de_Portol%C3%A1" title="Gaspar de Portolá">Gaspar de Portolá</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Manuel_Quimper" title="Manuel Quimper">Manuel Quimper</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Crist%C3%B3bal_de_O%C3%B1ate" title="Cristóbal de Oñate">Cristóbal de Oñate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Andr%C3%A9s_de_Urdaneta" title="Andrés de Urdaneta">Andrés de Urdaneta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ruy_L%C3%B3pez_de_Villalobos" title="Ruy López de Villalobos">Ruy López de Villalobos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Diego_Vel%C3%A1zquez_de_Cu%C3%A9llar" title="Diego Velázquez de Cuéllar">Diego Velázquez de Cuéllar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Francisco_Hern%C3%A1ndez_de_C%C3%B3rdoba_(Yucat%C3%A1n_conquistador)" title="Francisco Hernández de Córdoba (Yucatán conquistador)">Francisco Hernández de Córdoba (Yucatán conquistador)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Francisco_Hern%C3%A1ndez_de_C%C3%B3rdoba_(founder_of_Nicaragua)" title="Francisco Hernández de Córdoba (founder of Nicaragua)">Francisco Hernández de Córdoba (founder of Nicaragua)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gil_Gonz%C3%A1lez_D%C3%A1vila" title="Gil González Dávila">Gil González Dávila</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Francisco_de_Ulloa" title="Francisco de Ulloa">Francisco de Ulloa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Juan_Jos%C3%A9_P%C3%A9rez_Hern%C3%A1ndez" title="Juan José Pérez Hernández">Juan José Pérez Hernández</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dionisio_Alcal%C3%A1_Galiano" title="Dionisio Alcalá Galiano">Dionisio Alcalá Galiano</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bruno_de_Heceta" title="Bruno de Heceta">Bruno de Heceta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Juan_Francisco_de_la_Bodega_y_Quadra" title="Juan Francisco de la Bodega y Quadra">Juan Francisco de la Bodega y Quadra</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alonso_de_Le%C3%B3n" title="Alonso de León">Alonso de León</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ignacio_de_Arteaga_y_Baz%C3%A1n" title="Ignacio de Arteaga y Bazán">Ignacio de Arteaga y Bazán</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jos%C3%A9_de_Bustamante_y_Guerra" class="mw-redirect" title="José de Bustamante y Guerra">José de Bustamante y Guerra</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jos%C3%A9_Mar%C3%ADa_Narv%C3%A1ez" title="José María Narváez">José María Narváez</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pedro_Sarmiento_de_Gamboa" title="Pedro Sarmiento de Gamboa">Pedro Sarmiento de Gamboa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Antonio_Gil_Y%27Barbo" title="Antonio Gil Y'Barbo">Antonio Gil Y'Barbo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alexander_von_Humboldt" title="Alexander von Humboldt">Alexander von Humboldt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thomas_Gage_(priest)" title="Thomas Gage (priest)">Thomas Gage</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Catholic_Church" title="Catholic Church">Catholic Church</a> in New Spain</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Spanish_missions_in_the_Americas" title="Spanish missions in the Americas">Spanish missions in the Americas</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Spanish_missions_in_Arizona" title="Spanish missions in Arizona">Spanish missions in Arizona</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spanish_missions_in_Baja_California" title="Spanish missions in Baja California">Spanish missions in Baja California</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spanish_missions_in_California" title="Spanish missions in California">Spanish missions in California</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spanish_missions_in_the_Carolinas" title="Spanish missions in the Carolinas">Spanish missions in the Carolinas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spanish_missions_in_Florida" class="mw-redirect" title="Spanish missions in Florida">Spanish missions in Florida</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spanish_missions_in_Georgia" title="Spanish missions in Georgia">Spanish missions in Georgia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spanish_missions_in_Louisiana" title="Spanish missions in Louisiana">Spanish missions in Louisiana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spanish_missions_in_Mexico" title="Spanish missions in Mexico">Spanish missions in Mexico</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spanish_missions_in_New_Mexico" title="Spanish missions in New Mexico">Spanish missions in New Mexico</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spanish_missions_in_the_Sonoran_Desert" title="Spanish missions in the Sonoran Desert">Spanish missions in the Sonoran Desert</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spanish_missions_in_Texas" title="Spanish missions in Texas">Spanish missions in Texas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ajac%C3%A1n_Mission" title="Ajacán Mission">Spanish missions in Virginia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spanish_missions_in_Trinidad" title="Spanish missions in Trinidad">Spanish missions in Trinidad</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Friars, fathers, priests, and bishops</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Pedro_de_Gante" title="Pedro de Gante">Pedro de Gante</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ger%C3%B3nimo_de_Aguilar" title="Gerónimo de Aguilar">Gerónimo de Aguilar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Toribio_de_Benavente_Motolinia" class="mw-redirect" title="Toribio de Benavente Motolinia">Toribio de Benavente Motolinia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bernardino_de_Sahag%C3%BAn" title="Bernardino de Sahagún">Bernardino de Sahagún</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Juan_de_Zum%C3%A1rraga" title="Juan de Zumárraga">Juan de Zumárraga</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alonso_de_Mont%C3%BAfar" title="Alonso de Montúfar">Alonso de Montúfar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vasco_de_Quiroga" title="Vasco de Quiroga">Vasco de Quiroga</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bartolom%C3%A9_de_las_Casas" title="Bartolomé de las Casas">Bartolomé de las Casas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alonso_de_Molina" title="Alonso de Molina">Alonso de Molina</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Diego_Dur%C3%A1n" title="Diego Durán">Diego Durán</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Diego_de_Landa" title="Diego de Landa">Diego de Landa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ger%C3%B3nimo_de_Mendieta" title="Gerónimo de Mendieta">Gerónimo de Mendieta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fray_Juan_de_Torquemada" title="Fray Juan de Torquemada">Juan de Torquemada</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Juan_de_Palafox_y_Mendoza" title="Juan de Palafox y Mendoza">Juan de Palafox y Mendoza</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Carlos_de_Sig%C3%BCenza_y_G%C3%B3ngora" title="Carlos de Sigüenza y Góngora">Carlos de Sigüenza y Góngora</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eusebio_Kino" title="Eusebio Kino">Eusebio Kino</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Francisco_Javier_Clavijero" title="Francisco Javier Clavijero">Francisco Javier Clavijero</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jun%C3%ADpero_Serra" title="Junípero Serra">Junípero Serra</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Francisco_Pal%C3%B3u" title="Francisco Palóu">Francisco Palóu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ferm%C3%ADn_de_Lasu%C3%A9n" title="Fermín de Lasuén">Fermín de Lasuén</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Esteban_T%C3%A1pis" title="Esteban Tápis">Esteban Tápis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jos%C3%A9_Francisco_de_Paula_Se%C3%B1an" title="José Francisco de Paula Señan">José Francisco de Paula Señan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mari%C3%A0_Paieres_i_Borr%C3%A0s" title="Marià Paieres i Borràs">Mariano Payeras</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sebasti%C3%A1n_Montero" title="Sebastián Montero">Sebastián Montero</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marcos_de_Niza" title="Marcos de Niza">Marcos de Niza</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Francisco_de_Ayeta" title="Francisco de Ayeta">Francisco de Ayeta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Antonio_Margil" title="Antonio Margil">Antonio Margil</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Francisco_Marroqu%C3%ADn" title="Francisco Marroquín">Francisco Marroquín</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Manuel_Abad_y_Queipo" title="Manuel Abad y Queipo">Manuel Abad y Queipo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Miguel_Hidalgo_y_Costilla" title="Miguel Hidalgo y Costilla">Miguel Hidalgo y Costilla</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jos%C3%A9_Mar%C3%ADa_Morelos" title="José María Morelos">José María Morelos</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other events</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Our_Lady_of_Guadalupe" title="Our Lady of Guadalupe">Our Lady of Guadalupe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Suppression_of_the_Society_of_Jesus" title="Suppression of the Society of Jesus">Suppression of the Jesuits</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/California_mission_clash_of_cultures" title="California mission clash of cultures">California mission clash of cultures</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cargo_system" title="Cargo system">Cargo system</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indian_Reductions" class="mw-redirect" title="Indian Reductions">Indian Reductions</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Society and culture</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Indigenous_peoples_of_the_Americas" title="Indigenous peoples of the Americas">Indigenous peoples</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Mesoamerican</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Aztecs" title="Aztecs">Aztecs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maya_peoples" title="Maya peoples">Maya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Huastec_people" title="Huastec people">Huastec</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mixtec" title="Mixtec">Mixtec</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tarascan_state" class="mw-redirect" title="Tarascan state">P'urhépecha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Totonac" title="Totonac">Totonac</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pipil_people" title="Pipil people">Pipil</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kowoj" title="Kowoj">Kowoj</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/K%CA%BCiche%CA%BC_people" title="Kʼicheʼ people">Kʼicheʼ</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kaqchikel_people" title="Kaqchikel people">Kaqchikel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zapotec_peoples" title="Zapotec peoples">Zapotec</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Poqomam_people" title="Poqomam people">Poqomam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mam_people" title="Mam people">Mam</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Caribbean</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Arawak" title="Arawak">Arawak</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ciboney" title="Ciboney">Ciboney</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Guanahatabey" title="Guanahatabey">Guanahatabey</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Indigenous_peoples_of_California" title="Indigenous peoples of California">California</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Mission_Indians" title="Mission Indians">Mission Indians</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cahuilla" title="Cahuilla">Cahuilla</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chumash_people" title="Chumash people">Chumash</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cupe%C3%B1o" title="Cupeño">Cupeño</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Juane%C3%B1o" class="mw-redirect" title="Juaneño">Juaneño</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kumeyaay" title="Kumeyaay">Kumeyaay</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Luise%C3%B1o" title="Luiseño">Luiseño</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Miwok" title="Miwok">Miwok</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mohave_people" title="Mohave people">Mohave</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ohlone" title="Ohlone">Ohlone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Serrano_people" title="Serrano people">Serrano</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tongva" title="Tongva">Tongva</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Oasisamerica" title="Oasisamerica">Oasisamerica (Southwest US)</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Akimel_O%27odham" title="Akimel O'odham">Akimel O'odham</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Apache" title="Apache">Apache</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hopi" title="Hopi">Hopi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hualapai" title="Hualapai">Hualapai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Navajo" title="Navajo">Navajo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Puebloans" title="Puebloans">Pueblo peoples</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Quechan" title="Quechan">Quechan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Solano_people" title="Solano people">Solano</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tohono_O%27odham" class="mw-redirect" title="Tohono O'odham">Tohono O'odham</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zuni_people" title="Zuni people">Zuni</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Aridoamerica" title="Aridoamerica">Aridoamerica</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Acaxee" title="Acaxee">Acaxee</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chichimeca" title="Chichimeca">Chichimeca</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Coahuiltecan" title="Coahuiltecan">Coahuiltecan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cochim%C3%AD" title="Cochimí">Cochimí</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cocopah" title="Cocopah">Cocopah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kiliwa_people" title="Kiliwa people">Kiliwa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/La_Junta_Indians" title="La Junta Indians">La Junta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Opata_people" title="Opata people">Opata</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tepehu%C3%A1n" title="Tepehuán">Tepehuán</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yaqui" title="Yaqui">Yaqui</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Southern_Plains" class="mw-redirect" title="Southern Plains">Southern Plains</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Caddo" title="Caddo">Caddo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Comanche" title="Comanche">Comanche</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lipan_Apache" class="mw-redirect" title="Lipan Apache">Lipan Apache</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Plains_Apache" title="Plains Apache">Plains Apache</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tonkawa" title="Tonkawa">Tonkawa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wichita_people" title="Wichita people">Wichita</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Indigenous_peoples_of_the_Southeastern_Woodlands" title="Indigenous peoples of the Southeastern Woodlands">Southeastern Woodlands</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_sites_and_peoples_visited_by_the_Hernando_de_Soto_Expedition" title="List of sites and peoples visited by the Hernando de Soto Expedition">Indigenous people during De Soto's travels</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Apalachee" title="Apalachee">Apalachee</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Calusa" title="Calusa">Calusa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Muscogee" title="Muscogee">Muscogee</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jororo" class="mw-redirect" title="Jororo">Jororo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pensacola_people" title="Pensacola people">Pensacola</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Seminole" title="Seminole">Seminole</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Timucua" title="Timucua">Timucua</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yustaga" title="Yustaga">Yustaga</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Filipinos" title="Filipinos">Filipinos</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Negrito" title="Negrito">Negrito</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Igorot_people" title="Igorot people">Igorot</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mangyan" title="Mangyan">Mangyan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peoples_of_Palawan" title="Peoples of Palawan">Peoples of Palawan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ati_people" title="Ati people">Ati</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Panay" title="Panay">Panay</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lumad" title="Lumad">Lumad</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bajau_people" class="mw-redirect" title="Bajau people">Bajau</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tagalog_people" title="Tagalog people">Tagalog</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cebuano_people" title="Cebuano people">Cebuano</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Others</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Taiwanese_indigenous_peoples" title="Taiwanese indigenous peoples">Taiwanese indigenous peoples</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chamorro_people" title="Chamorro people">Chamorro people</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Spanish_Colonial_architecture" title="Spanish Colonial architecture">Architecture</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Spanish_Colonial_architecture" title="Spanish Colonial architecture">Spanish Colonial style</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Spanish_Colonial_architecture_by_country" title="Category:Spanish Colonial architecture by country">by country</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Baroque_architecture_in_the_Spanish_Empire" title="Category:Baroque architecture in the Spanish Empire">Colonial Baroque style</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Spanish_colonial_fortifications" title="Category:Spanish colonial fortifications">Forts</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Spanish_missions_in_the_Americas" title="Category:Spanish missions in the Americas">Missions</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Trade and economy</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Spanish_colonial_real" title="Spanish colonial real">Real</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Columbian_exchange" title="Columbian exchange">Columbian exchange</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Manila_galleon" title="Manila galleon">Manila galleon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Triangular_trade" title="Triangular trade">Triangular trade</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">People and classes</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Casta" title="Casta">Casta</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Peninsulares" title="Peninsulares">Peninsulares</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Criollo_people" title="Criollo people">Criollo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indigenous_peoples_of_the_Americas" title="Indigenous peoples of the Americas">Indios</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mestizo" title="Mestizo">Mestizo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Castizo" title="Castizo">Castizo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cholo" title="Cholo">Coyotes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mulatto" title="Mulatto">Pardos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zambo" title="Zambo">Zambo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Black_people" title="Black people">Negros</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">People</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Juan_Bautista_de_Anza" title="Juan Bautista de Anza">Juan Bautista de Anza</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Juan_Rodr%C3%ADguez_Cabrillo" title="Juan Rodríguez Cabrillo">Juan Rodríguez Cabrillo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Francis_Drake" title="Francis Drake">Francis Drake</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Miguel_Hidalgo_y_Costilla" title="Miguel Hidalgo y Costilla">Miguel Hidalgo y Costilla</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eusebio_Kino" title="Eusebio Kino">Eusebio Kino</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/La_Malinche" title="La Malinche">La Malinche</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ferm%C3%ADn_de_Lasu%C3%A9n" title="Fermín de Lasuén">Fermín de Lasuén</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Limahong" title="Limahong">Limahong</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Moctezuma_II" title="Moctezuma II">Moctezuma II</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jun%C3%ADpero_Serra" title="Junípero Serra">Junípero Serra</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hasekura_Tsunenaga" title="Hasekura Tsunenaga">Hasekura Tsunenaga</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/16px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/23px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/31px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /> <a href="/wiki/Category:New_Spain" title="Category:New Spain">Category</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Political_divisions_of_the_United_States" style="text-align:left;;padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:United_States_political_divisions" title="Template:United States political divisions"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:United_States_political_divisions" title="Template talk:United States political divisions"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:United_States_political_divisions" title="Special:EditPage/Template:United States political divisions"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Political_divisions_of_the_United_States" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Political divisions of the United States</div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div><a href="/wiki/List_of_states_and_territories_of_the_United_States" title="List of states and territories of the United States">List of states and territories</a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align:right;">States</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Alabama" title="Alabama">Alabama</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alaska" title="Alaska">Alaska</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arizona" title="Arizona">Arizona</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arkansas" title="Arkansas">Arkansas</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">California</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Colorado" title="Colorado">Colorado</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Connecticut" title="Connecticut">Connecticut</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Delaware" title="Delaware">Delaware</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Florida" title="Florida">Florida</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Georgia_(U.S._state)" title="Georgia (U.S. state)">Georgia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hawaii" title="Hawaii">Hawaii</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Idaho" title="Idaho">Idaho</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Illinois" title="Illinois">Illinois</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indiana" title="Indiana">Indiana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iowa" title="Iowa">Iowa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kansas" title="Kansas">Kansas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kentucky" title="Kentucky">Kentucky</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Louisiana" title="Louisiana">Louisiana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maine" title="Maine">Maine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maryland" title="Maryland">Maryland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Massachusetts" title="Massachusetts">Massachusetts</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Michigan" title="Michigan">Michigan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Minnesota" title="Minnesota">Minnesota</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mississippi" title="Mississippi">Mississippi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Missouri" title="Missouri">Missouri</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Montana" title="Montana">Montana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nebraska" title="Nebraska">Nebraska</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nevada" title="Nevada">Nevada</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_Hampshire" title="New Hampshire">New Hampshire</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_Jersey" title="New Jersey">New Jersey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_Mexico" title="New Mexico">New Mexico</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_York_(state)" title="New York (state)">New York</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/North_Carolina" title="North Carolina">North Carolina</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/North_Dakota" title="North Dakota">North Dakota</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ohio" title="Ohio">Ohio</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oklahoma" title="Oklahoma">Oklahoma</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oregon" title="Oregon">Oregon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pennsylvania" title="Pennsylvania">Pennsylvania</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rhode_Island" title="Rhode Island">Rhode Island</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/South_Carolina" title="South Carolina">South Carolina</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/South_Dakota" title="South Dakota">South Dakota</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tennessee" title="Tennessee">Tennessee</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Texas" title="Texas">Texas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Utah" title="Utah">Utah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vermont" title="Vermont">Vermont</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Virginia" title="Virginia">Virginia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Washington_(state)" title="Washington (state)">Washington</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/West_Virginia" title="West Virginia">West Virginia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wisconsin" title="Wisconsin">Wisconsin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wyoming" title="Wyoming">Wyoming</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align:right;"><a href="/wiki/Federal_district" title="Federal district">Federal district</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><a href="/wiki/Washington,_D.C." title="Washington, D.C.">Washington, D.C.</a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align:right;"><a href="/wiki/Territories_of_the_United_States" title="Territories of the United States">Territories</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/American_Samoa" title="American Samoa">American Samoa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Guam" title="Guam">Guam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Northern_Mariana_Islands" title="Northern Mariana Islands">Northern Mariana Islands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Puerto_Rico" title="Puerto Rico">Puerto Rico </a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_Virgin_Islands" title="United States Virgin Islands">U.S. Virgin Islands</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align:right;"><a href="/wiki/United_States_Minor_Outlying_Islands" title="United States Minor Outlying Islands">Outlying islands</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Baker_Island" title="Baker Island">Baker Island</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Howland_Island" title="Howland Island">Howland Island</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jarvis_Island" title="Jarvis Island">Jarvis Island</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Johnston_Atoll" title="Johnston Atoll">Johnston Atoll</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kingman_Reef" title="Kingman Reef">Kingman Reef</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Midway_Atoll" title="Midway Atoll">Midway Atoll</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Navassa_Island" title="Navassa Island">Navassa Island</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Palmyra_Atoll" title="Palmyra Atoll">Palmyra Atoll</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wake_Island" title="Wake Island">Wake Island</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align:right;"><a href="/wiki/Indian_reservation" title="Indian reservation">Indian reservations</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Indian_reservations_in_the_United_States" title="List of Indian reservations in the United States">List of Indian reservations</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align:right;"><a href="/wiki/Concessions_and_leases_in_international_relations" title="Concessions and leases in international relations">International concessions</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Guantanamo_Bay_Naval_Base" title="Guantanamo Bay Naval Base">Guantanamo Bay</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pituffik_Space_Base" title="Pituffik Space 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Wikidata"><img alt="Edit this at Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">International</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://isni.org/isni/0000000121800988">ISNI</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://viaf.org/viaf/147680367">VIAF</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://id.worldcat.org/fast/1204928/">FAST</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.oclc.org/worldcat/entity/E39PBJt8p3GDkhpJkC9y6FY3wC">WorldCat</a></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">National</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://d-nb.info/gnd/4029307-5">Germany</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.loc.gov/authorities/n79041717">United States</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb118625808">France</a><ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb15238429k">2</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb11933409d">3</a></li></ul></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://data.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb118625808">BnF data</a><ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://data.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb15238429k">2</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://data.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb11933409d">3</a></li></ul></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.ndl.go.jp/auth/ndlna/00346206">Japan</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://nla.gov.au/anbd.aut-an35024695">Australia</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://aleph.nkp.cz/F/?func=find-c&local_base=aut&ccl_term=ica=ge134103&CON_LNG=ENG">Czech Republic</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://catalogo.bne.es/uhtbin/authoritybrowse.cgi?action=display&authority_id=XX450919">Spain</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://authority.bibsys.no/authority/rest/authorities/html/90031446">Norway</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://catalogo.bn.gov.ar/F/?func=direct&local_base=BNA10&doc_number=000042765">Argentina</a></li><li><a class="external text" href="https://wikidata-externalid-url.toolforge.org/?p=8034&url_prefix=https://opac.vatlib.it/auth/detail/&id=497/18408">Vatican</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://olduli.nli.org.il/F/?func=find-b&local_base=NLX10&find_code=UID&request=987007559520305171">Israel</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://cantic.bnc.cat/registre/981058515349206706">Catalonia</a></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Geographic</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://musicbrainz.org/area/ae0110b6-13d4-4998-9116-5b926287aa23">MusicBrainz area</a></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Academics</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ci.nii.ac.jp/author/DA01200672?l=en">CiNii</a></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">People</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://trove.nla.gov.au/people/798524">Trove</a></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.idref.fr/026363275">IdRef</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://catalog.archives.gov/id/10045251">NARA</a></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1156832818"><a class="external text" href="https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=California&params=37_N_120_W_dim:600000_region:US-CA_type:adm1st&title=State+of+California">37°N 120°W / 37°N 120°W / 37; -120 (State of California)</a>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Retrieved from "<a dir="ltr" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=California&oldid=1259284342">https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=California&oldid=1259284342</a>"</div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface"><div id="mw-normal-catlinks" class="mw-normal-catlinks"><a href="/wiki/Help:Category" 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[\"CITEREFBucholtz2007\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFBukszpan2012\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFBureau\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFByler2021\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFCabanatuan2010\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFCabanatuan2011\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFCensus2007\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFChartkoffChartkoff,_Kerry_Kona1984\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFChristie2011\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFClark_DavisDavid_Igler2002\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFCohen2003\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFConway2003\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFCooley2014\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFCowan2005\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFCunningham2010\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFDavid_Elstein2004\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFDeliso2022\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFDil2020\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFDoyle2009\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFEargle2008\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFEdison_International\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFEdwards2010\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFEl_Fadli2012\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFElassar2022\"] = 2,\n [\"CITEREFExner2012\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFFagan2003\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFFlanigan2009\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFFlavelle2020\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFGarcia2023\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFGiffordValdés2006\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFGilmore2016\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFGood2021\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFGordonIselin2017\"] = 2,\n [\"CITEREFGuddeBright2010\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFHarlow1989\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFHart1978\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFHart1987\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFHeikkilaPizarro2002\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFHelfand2008\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFHooverKyle2002\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFHull2006\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFHuping_Ling2009\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFJacobsonDelucchiIngraffeaHowarth2014\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFJaninCarlson2015\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFJaniskeeMasugi2011\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFJim_DotiArt_Laffer2023\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFJim_Miller\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFJohn_E._Kent1917\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFJohnsonHill2011\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFJohnsonMejiaMcGhee\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFJudicial_Council_of_California2022\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFKarlamangla2021\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFKarlamangla2024\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFKelley2022\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFKendall\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFKleinhenzRitter-MartinezDe_AndaAvila2012\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFKrechMerchantMcNeill2004\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFKroeber1912\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFLaaksonen-CraigGoldmanMcKillop2003\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFLanner2007\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFLawrenceCummins2019\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFLinWatson2022\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFLutz2023\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFMadley2016\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFMarkoff2009\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFMasters2011\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFMathews2016\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFMatthew_KachurJon_Sterngass2006\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFMay2019\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFMcGheeMejiaJohnson2021\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFMichael_Gardner2011\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFMichael_Gardner2012\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFMieszkowski2010\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFMiranda2010\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFMizanyManatt\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFMorattoFredrickson,_David_A.1984\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFMorgan1963\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFMufson2007\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFNagourneyLongman2017\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFNancy_KleniewskiAlexander_R._Thomas2010\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFNaranjo\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFNation2011\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFNewburger2022\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFNewmark1916\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFNunes2009\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFOsborne2012\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFPalmer2013\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFPao2016\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFPark2003\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFPatel\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFPolland\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFPool2010\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFPreucelMrozowski2010\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFPutnam1917\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFReisner,_Marc1993\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFRichertBrown2023\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFRisling_Baldy2018\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFRolle1998\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFRosa_Maria_Moller2008\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFRyan2022\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFSalomon2010\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFSanchez2016\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFSastryGrisby_Bates2017\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFSegalSegal2004\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFSenate1851\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFSlevin2010\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFSpencer_Tucker_(Militärhistoriker)2013\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFStaff2023\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFStaff_and_agencies2022\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFStarr2007\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFStephen_MagagniniPhillip_Reese2013\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFStone1956\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFStone1999\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFSugiharaJan_W._Van_WagtendonkShafferFites-Kaufman2006\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFSutton2021\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFTeam2023\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFTech_Insider2016\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFTeresa_WatanabeHector_Becerra2010\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFThomas_M._Leonard2001\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFThompson2007\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFThornton2018\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFTillmanScheurich2013\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFTreanor2001\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFVan_Vechten2011\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFVenton2015\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFVic_TolomeoKelly_KrugDoug_FlohrJason_Gibson2012\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFVogeley2001\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFWalters2022\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFWatkins2012\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFWendell_Cox\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFWesson2001\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFWestervelt2023\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFWheeler2020\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFWhitebear\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFWilson2019\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFWilsonEbbert2006\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFWoolfolk2018\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFagencies2022\"] = 1,\n}\ntemplate_list = table#1 {\n [\"!\"] = 51,\n [\"'\\\"\"] = 1,\n [\"About\"] = 1,\n [\"As of\"] = 16,\n [\"Authority control\"] = 1,\n [\"Bartable\"] = 14,\n [\"Break\"] = 27,\n [\"California\"] = 1,\n [\"Center\"] = 1,\n [\"Change\"] = 15,\n [\"Circa\"] = 3,\n [\"Citation\"] = 2,\n [\"Citation needed\"] = 2,\n [\"Cite book\"] = 58,\n [\"Cite journal\"] = 11,\n [\"Cite magazine\"] = 3,\n [\"Cite map\"] = 2,\n [\"Cite news\"] = 49,\n [\"Cite ngs\"] = 1,\n [\"Cite press release\"] = 1,\n [\"Cite web\"] = 236,\n [\"Clear\"] = 2,\n [\"CongRec\"] = 1,\n [\"Convert\"] = 14,\n [\"Coord\"] = 2,\n [\"Div col\"] = 1,\n [\"Flagicon\"] = 8,\n [\"Force plural\"] = 1,\n [\"Further\"] = 6,\n [\"Google books\"] = 25,\n [\"Harvid\"] = 1,\n [\"Harvnb\"] = 1,\n [\"IncreaseNeutral\"] = 1,\n [\"Infobox U.S. state\"] = 1,\n [\"Infobox region symbols\"] = 1,\n [\"Lang\"] = 1,\n [\"Largest cities\"] = 1,\n [\"Legend\"] = 10,\n [\"Main\"] = 34,\n [\"Multiple image\"] = 2,\n [\"Navboxes\"] = 1,\n [\"New Spain\"] = 1,\n [\"NoteFoot\"] = 1,\n [\"Nowrap\"] = 2,\n [\"Nts\"] = 30,\n [\"Osmrelation-inline\"] = 1,\n [\"Party color cell\"] = 7,\n [\"Percentage\"] = 14,\n [\"Pie chart\"] = 1,\n [\"Plainlist\"] = 1,\n [\"Portal bar\"] = 1,\n [\"Pp\"] = 1,\n [\"Protected areas of California\"] = 1,\n [\"Reflist\"] = 1,\n [\"Refn\"] = 6,\n [\"Round\"] = 1,\n [\"S-aft\"] = 1,\n [\"S-bef\"] = 1,\n [\"S-end\"] = 1,\n [\"S-start\"] = 1,\n [\"S-ttl\"] = 1,\n [\"See also\"] = 21,\n [\"Sfn\"] = 6,\n [\"Short description\"] = 1,\n [\"Sister project links\"] = 1,\n [\"Spaces\"] = 31,\n [\"Start date and age\"] = 1,\n [\"Title missing\"] = 1,\n [\"Toclimit\"] = 1,\n [\"US Census population\"] = 1,\n [\"Ubl\"] = 2,\n [\"United States political divisions\"] = 1,\n [\"Use mdy dates\"] = 1,\n [\"Webarchive\"] = 1,\n [\"Western United States\"] = 1,\n}\narticle_whitelist = table#1 {\n}\ntable#1 {\n [\"size\"] = \"tiny\",\n}\n","limitreport-profile":[["?","660","24.1"],["MediaWiki\\Extension\\Scribunto\\Engines\\LuaSandbox\\LuaSandboxCallback::callParserFunction","260","9.5"],["dataWrapper \u003Cmw.lua:672\u003E","260","9.5"],["MediaWiki\\Extension\\Scribunto\\Engines\\LuaSandbox\\LuaSandboxCallback::getExpensiveData","100","3.6"],["MediaWiki\\Extension\\Scribunto\\Engines\\LuaSandbox\\LuaSandboxCallback::getExpandedArgument","100","3.6"],["MediaWiki\\Extension\\Scribunto\\Engines\\LuaSandbox\\LuaSandboxCallback::getAllExpandedArguments","80","2.9"],["MediaWiki\\Extension\\Scribunto\\Engines\\LuaSandbox\\LuaSandboxCallback::match","80","2.9"],["select_one \u003CModule:Citation/CS1/Utilities:426\u003E","80","2.9"],["MediaWiki\\Extension\\Scribunto\\Engines\\LuaSandbox\\LuaSandboxCallback::gsub","80","2.9"],["MediaWiki\\Extension\\Scribunto\\Engines\\LuaSandbox\\LuaSandboxCallback::plain","80","2.9"],["[others]","960","35.0"]]},"cachereport":{"origin":"mw-api-ext.codfw.main-7556f8b5dd-th58g","timestamp":"20241124093738","ttl":2592000,"transientcontent":false}}});});</script> <script type="application/ld+json">{"@context":"https:\/\/schema.org","@type":"Article","name":"California","url":"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/California","sameAs":"http:\/\/www.wikidata.org\/entity\/Q99","mainEntity":"http:\/\/www.wikidata.org\/entity\/Q99","author":{"@type":"Organization","name":"Contributors to Wikimedia projects"},"publisher":{"@type":"Organization","name":"Wikimedia Foundation, Inc.","logo":{"@type":"ImageObject","url":"https:\/\/www.wikimedia.org\/static\/images\/wmf-hor-googpub.png"}},"datePublished":"2001-11-17T21:38:56Z","dateModified":"2024-11-24T09:37:33Z","image":"https:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/0\/01\/Flag_of_California.svg","headline":"state of the United States of America"}</script> </body> </html>