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-->)</label></li></ul></fieldset></details></div></div><button type="submit" id="facet-form-submit" style="display:none">Search</button></div></aside><main id="maincontent"><section class="o-columnbox1"><header><h2 class="o-columnbox1__heading" aria-live="polite">Scholarly Works (<!-- -->203 results<!-- -->)</h2></header><div class="c-sortpagination"><div class="c-sort"><div class="o-input__droplist1"><label for="c-sort1">Sort By:</label><select name="sort" id="c-sort1" form="facetForm"><option selected="" value="rel">Relevance</option><option value="a-title">A-Z By Title</option><option value="z-title">Z-A By Title</option><option value="a-author">A-Z By Author</option><option value="z-author">Z-A By Author</option><option value="asc">Date Ascending</option><option value="desc">Date Descending</option></select></div><div class="o-input__droplist1 c-sort__page-input"><label for="c-sort2">Show:</label><select name="rows" id="c-sort2" form="facetForm"><option selected="" value="10">10</option><option value="20">20</option><option value="30">30</option><option value="40">40</option><option value="50">50</option><option value="100">100</option></select></div></div><input type="hidden" name="start" form="facetForm" value="0"/><nav class="c-pagination--next"><ul><li><a href="" aria-label="you are on result set 1" class="c-pagination__item--current">1</a></li><li><a href="" aria-label="go to result set 2" class="c-pagination__item">2</a></li><li><a href="" aria-label="go to result set 3" class="c-pagination__item">3</a></li><li><a href="" aria-label="go to result set 4" class="c-pagination__item">4</a></li><li><a href="" aria-label="go to result set 21" class="c-pagination__item">21</a></li><li class="c-pagination__next"><a href="" aria-label="go to Next result set">Next</a></li></ul></nav></div><section class="c-scholworks"><div class="c-scholworks__main-column"><ul class="c-scholworks__tag-list"><li class="c-scholworks__tag-article">Article</li><li class="c-scholworks__tag-peer">Peer Reviewed</li></ul><div><h3 class="c-scholworks__heading"><a href="/uc/item/5s40403h"><div class="c-clientmarkup">Inflammation in Mental Disorders: Is the Microbiota the Missing Link?</div></a></h3></div><div class="c-authorlist"><ul class="c-authorlist__list"><li class="c-authorlist__begin"><a href="/search/?q=author%3AOuabbou%2C%20Sophie">Ouabbou, Sophie</a>; </li><li><a href="/search/?q=author%3AHe%2C%20Ying">He, Ying</a>; </li><li><a href="/search/?q=author%3AButler%2C%20Keith">Butler, Keith</a>; </li><li class="c-authorlist__end"><a href="/search/?q=author%3ATsuang%2C%20Ming">Tsuang, Ming</a> </li></ul></div><div class="c-scholworks__publication"><a href="/uc/ucsd_postprints">UC San Diego Previously Published Works</a> (<!-- -->2020<!-- -->)</div><div class="c-scholworks__abstract"><div class="c-clientmarkup">Research suggests that inflammation is important in the pathophysiology of mental disorders. In addition, a growing body of evidence has led to the concept of the microbiota-gut-brain axis. To understand the potential interactions, we begin by exploring the liaison between the immune system and mental disorders, then we describe the evidence that the microbiota impact the immune response in the developing brain. Next, we review the literature that has documented microbiome alterations in major mental disorders. We end with a summary of therapeutic applications, ranging from psycho-biotics to immunomodulatory drugs that could affect the microbiota-gut-brain axis, and potential treatments to alleviate the adverse effects of antipsychotics. We conclude that there is promising evidence to support the position that the microbiota plays an important role in the immunological pathophysiology of mental disorders with an emphasis on psychotic disorders and mood disorders. However, more research is needed to elucidate the mechanisms.</div></div><div class="c-scholworks__media"><ul class="c-medialist"></ul></div></div><div class="c-scholworks__ancillary"><a class="c-scholworks__thumbnail" href="/uc/item/5s40403h"><img src="/cms-assets/3f0cbc1c0c1f80a72746c99a2feaeb8cc91e76f55f07e0c5ee06c4ff31c062a4" alt="Cover page: Inflammation in Mental Disorders: Is the Microbiota the Missing Link?"/></a></div></section><section class="c-scholworks"><div class="c-scholworks__main-column"><ul class="c-scholworks__tag-list"><li class="c-scholworks__tag-article">Article</li><li class="c-scholworks__tag-peer">Peer Reviewed</li></ul><div><h3 class="c-scholworks__heading"><a href="/uc/item/40r2g008"><div class="c-clientmarkup">Methodology in the GBD study of China</div></a></h3></div><div class="c-authorlist"><ul class="c-authorlist__list"><li class="c-authorlist__begin"><a href="/search/?q=author%3ALin%2C%20Ping-I">Lin, Ping-I</a>; </li><li><a href="/search/?q=author%3AGlatt%2C%20Stephen%20J">Glatt, Stephen J</a>; </li><li class="c-authorlist__end"><a href="/search/?q=author%3ATsuang%2C%20Ming%20T">Tsuang, Ming T</a> </li></ul></div><div class="c-scholworks__publication"><a href="/uc/ucsd_postprints">UC San Diego Previously Published Works</a> (<!-- -->2020<!-- -->)</div><div class="c-scholworks__media"><ul class="c-medialist"></ul></div></div><div class="c-scholworks__ancillary"><a class="c-scholworks__thumbnail" href="/uc/item/40r2g008"><img src="/cms-assets/f2bf314de4ccf4f64c540bf5de89585901b1b630ee679462d26ee0ede2923138" alt="Cover page: Methodology in the GBD study of China"/></a></div></section><section class="c-scholworks"><div class="c-scholworks__main-column"><ul class="c-scholworks__tag-list"><li class="c-scholworks__tag-article">Article</li><li class="c-scholworks__tag-peer">Peer Reviewed</li></ul><div><h3 class="c-scholworks__heading"><a href="/uc/item/046581p0"><div class="c-clientmarkup">Early Intermodal Integration in Offspring of Parents With Psychosis</div></a></h3></div><div class="c-authorlist"><ul class="c-authorlist__list"><li class="c-authorlist__begin"><a href="/search/?q=author%3AGamma%2C%20Franziska">Gamma, Franziska</a>; </li><li><a href="/search/?q=author%3AGoldstein%2C%20Jill%20M">Goldstein, Jill M</a>; </li><li><a href="/search/?q=author%3ASeidman%2C%20Larry%20J">Seidman, Larry J</a>; </li><li><a href="/search/?q=author%3AFitzmaurice%2C%20Garrett%20M">Fitzmaurice, Garrett M</a>; </li><li><a href="/search/?q=author%3ATsuang%2C%20Ming%20T">Tsuang, Ming T</a>; </li><li class="c-authorlist__end"><a href="/search/?q=author%3ABuka%2C%20Stephen%20L">Buka, Stephen L</a> </li></ul></div><div class="c-scholworks__publication"><a href="/uc/ucsd_postprints">UC San Diego Previously Published Works</a> (<!-- -->2014<!-- -->)</div><div class="c-scholworks__abstract"><div class="c-clientmarkup">Identifying early developmental indicators of risk for schizophrenia is important for prediction and possibly illness prevention. Disturbed intermodality has been proposed as one important neurodevelopmental risk for schizophrenia. Early intermodal integration (EII) is the infant's ability to link motility and perception and to relate perception across modalities. We hypothesized that infants of parents with schizophrenia would have more EII abnormalities than infants of healthy parents and that infants of parents with affective psychosis would be intermediate in severity. The New England Family Study high-risk sample, ascertained from community populations, was utilized. Eight-month-old infants of parents with schizophrenia (n = 58), affective psychoses (n = 128), and healthy controls (n = 174) were prospectively assessed. Diagnoses of parents were determined 30 years later blind to offspring data. EII measures were grouped into 3 domains characterizing different aspects of infant development: (1) one's own body, (2) objects, and (3) social interactions. Results demonstrated that body- and object-related EII abnormalities were significantly increased for infants of parents with schizophrenia compared with control infants and not significantly increased for infants of parents with affective psychoses. EII abnormalities in relation to social interactions were significantly increased in infants of parents with schizophrenia and affective psychoses. Thus, body- and object-related EII abnormalities were most severe in infants of parents with schizophrenia, supporting the importance of intermodality dysfunction as an early indicator of the vulnerability to schizophrenia. Future research should evaluate how this dysfunction evolves with development and its associations with other psychopathological and neurodevelopmental deficits in youth at risk for psychosis.</div></div><div class="c-scholworks__media"><ul class="c-medialist"></ul></div></div><div class="c-scholworks__ancillary"><a class="c-scholworks__thumbnail" href="/uc/item/046581p0"><img src="/cms-assets/3f07fac058614353dc279f22096e9a6dc354cd5bbb03a570fe5306c7756fc909" alt="Cover page: Early Intermodal Integration in Offspring of Parents With Psychosis"/></a></div></section><section class="c-scholworks"><div class="c-scholworks__main-column"><ul class="c-scholworks__tag-list"><li class="c-scholworks__tag-article">Article</li><li class="c-scholworks__tag-peer">Peer Reviewed</li></ul><div><h3 class="c-scholworks__heading"><a href="/uc/item/8xv3r69h"><div class="c-clientmarkup">Adaptive combination of Bayes factors as a powerful method for the joint analysis of rare and common variants</div></a></h3></div><div class="c-authorlist"><ul class="c-authorlist__list"><li class="c-authorlist__begin"><a href="/search/?q=author%3ALin%2C%20Wan-Yu">Lin, Wan-Yu</a>; </li><li><a href="/search/?q=author%3AChen%2C%20Wei%20J">Chen, Wei J</a>; </li><li><a href="/search/?q=author%3ALiu%2C%20Chih-Min">Liu, Chih-Min</a>; </li><li><a href="/search/?q=author%3AHwu%2C%20Hai-Gwo">Hwu, Hai-Gwo</a>; </li><li><a href="/search/?q=author%3AMcCarroll%2C%20Steven%20A">McCarroll, Steven A</a>; </li><li><a href="/search/?q=author%3AGlatt%2C%20Stephen%20J">Glatt, Stephen J</a>; </li><li class="c-authorlist__end"><a href="/search/?q=author%3ATsuang%2C%20Ming%20T">Tsuang, Ming T</a> </li></ul></div><div class="c-scholworks__publication"><a href="/uc/ucsd_postprints">UC San Diego Previously Published Works</a> (<!-- -->2017<!-- -->)</div><div class="c-scholworks__abstract"><div class="c-clientmarkup">Multi-marker association tests can be more powerful than single-locus analyses because they aggregate the variant information within a gene/region. However, combining the association signals of multiple markers within a gene/region may cause noise due to the inclusion of neutral variants, which usually compromises the power of a test. To reduce noise, the "adaptive combination of P-values" (ADA) method removes variants with larger P-values. However, when both rare and common variants are considered, it is not optimal to truncate variants according to their P-values. An alternative summary measure, the Bayes factor (BF), is defined as the ratio of the probability of the data under the alternative hypothesis to that under the null hypothesis. The BF quantifies the "relative" evidence supporting the alternative hypothesis. Here, we propose an "adaptive combination of Bayes factors" (ADABF) method that can be directly applied to variants with a wide spectrum of minor allele frequencies. The simulations show that ADABF is more powerful than single-nucleotide polymorphism (SNP)-set kernel association tests and burden tests. We also analyzed 1,109 case-parent trios from the Schizophrenia Trio Genomic Research in Taiwan. Three genes on chromosome 19p13.2 were found to be associated with schizophrenia at the suggestive significance level of 5 × 10-5.</div></div><div class="c-scholworks__media"><ul class="c-medialist"></ul></div></div><div class="c-scholworks__ancillary"><a class="c-scholworks__thumbnail" href="/uc/item/8xv3r69h"><img src="/cms-assets/b1679f834382f754e406d6f91ca82f65eb7ae5be0d28d2084389c6e0df8c534f" alt="Cover page: Adaptive combination of Bayes factors as a powerful method for the joint analysis of rare and common variants"/></a><a href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" class="c-scholworks__license"><img class="c-lazyimage" data-src="/images/cc-by-small.svg" alt="Creative Commons 'BY' version 4.0 license"/></a></div></section><section class="c-scholworks"><div class="c-scholworks__main-column"><ul class="c-scholworks__tag-list"><li class="c-scholworks__tag-article">Article</li><li class="c-scholworks__tag-peer">Peer Reviewed</li></ul><div><h3 class="c-scholworks__heading"><a href="/uc/item/85g271k0"><div class="c-clientmarkup">39.1 DNA METHYLATION OF IMMUNE CELLS IN PERSONS AT CLINICAL HIGH RISK FOR PSYCHOSIS</div></a></h3></div><div class="c-authorlist"><ul class="c-authorlist__list"><li class="c-authorlist__begin"><a href="/search/?q=author%3APerkins%2C%20Diana">Perkins, Diana</a>; </li><li><a href="/search/?q=author%3AClark%2C%20Jeffries">Clark, Jeffries</a>; </li><li><a href="/search/?q=author%3AAddington%2C%20Jean">Addington, Jean</a>; </li><li><a href="/search/?q=author%3ABeardon%2C%20Carrie">Beardon, Carrie</a>; </li><li><a href="/search/?q=author%3ACadenhead%2C%20Kristin">Cadenhead, Kristin</a>; </li><li><a href="/search/?q=author%3ACannon%2C%20Tyrone">Cannon, Tyrone</a>; </li><li><a href="/search/?q=author%3ACornblatt%2C%20Barbara">Cornblatt, Barbara</a>; </li><li><a href="/search/?q=author%3AMathalon%2C%20Daniel">Mathalon, Daniel</a>; </li><li><a href="/search/?q=author%3AMcGlashan%2C%20Thomas">McGlashan, Thomas</a>; </li><li><a href="/search/?q=author%3ASeidman%2C%20Larry">Seidman, Larry</a>; </li><li><a href="/search/?q=author%3ATsuang%2C%20Ming">Tsuang, Ming</a>; </li><li><a href="/search/?q=author%3AWalker%2C%20Elaine">Walker, Elaine</a>; </li><li class="c-authorlist__end"><a href="/search/?q=author%3AWoods%2C%20Scott">Woods, Scott</a> </li></ul></div><div class="c-scholworks__publication"><a href="/uc/ucsd_postprints">UC San Diego Previously Published Works</a> (<!-- -->2018<!-- -->)</div><div class="c-scholworks__abstract"><div class="c-clientmarkup">Abstract <h3>Background</h3> A dysregulated immune system is implicated in the development of psychotic disorders. Persons with schizophrenia have altered levels of circulating immune cell signaling molecules (cytokines), and elevation of specific cytokines predict conversion to psychosis in persons at clinical high risk. Whether these peripheral signals are a causal or a secondary phenomenon is unclear. But, subpopulations of circulating immune cells do regulate the brain from meningeal and perivascular locations influencing cognition, mood, and behavior, and thus may be relevant to schizophrenia vulnerability. Hematopoietic stem cells in the bone marrow differentiate into cascading subtypes depending on signals from other organs, especially the brain. For example, a monocyte subpopulation emerges with repeated social defeat that establish the persistence of anxiety-like behaviors; blocking their release or inhibiting their attachment to brain vascular endothelium prevents the emergence of anxiety-like behaviors. In humans, a similar monocyte subpopulation is associated with social isolation and other adversities including low SES, chronic stress, and bereavement. <h3>Methods</h3> The North American Prodrome Longitudinal Study (NAPLS2) is an eight-site observational study of predictors and mechanisms of conversion to psychosis The full cohort includes 763 at clinical high risk (CHR) based on the Criteria of Prodromal State (COPS) and 279 demographically similar unaffected comparison (UC) subjects. Methylation of whole blood DNA collected in PAXgene tubes at baseline was analyzed with the Illumina 450k array in a subgroup of 59 subjects who converted to psychosis (CHR-C), 84 CHR subjects followed for 2 years who did not develop psychosis (CHR-NC) and 67 unaffected subjects (UC). Our analyses focused on methylation of promoter regions of genes, associated with gene expression. Classifier construction used Coarse Approximation Linear Function (CALF) with bootstrapping of 1000 random 80% subsets with replacement to determine statistical likelihood. <h3>Results</h3> We found highly overlapping sets of differentially methylated promoter regions in CHR-C subjects compared to CHR-NC and to UC subjects. A set of 10 markers correctly classified CHR-C and CHR-NC subjects with high accuracy (AUC=0.94, 95% CI 0.89–0.98). Included was SIRT1, a gene that is upregulated with HSV reactivation. <h3>Discussion</h3> Circulating immune cells excerpt powerful influences on mood, cognition and behavior. An obvious example is the experience of most human with “sickness syndrome”, characterized by apathy, avolition, and withdrawal, and triggered by immune-cell-released cytokines producing an adaptive, resource conserving, behavioral response. While at an early stage, our findings further implicate immune system dysregulation as a mechanism in the development of psychosis.</div></div><div class="c-scholworks__media"><ul class="c-medialist"></ul></div></div><div class="c-scholworks__ancillary"><a class="c-scholworks__thumbnail" href="/uc/item/85g271k0"><img src="/cms-assets/c1a89740f2be8244d329319dacf0a575e667c9389e3af373246e3e12cef8f5c8" alt="Cover page: 39.1 DNA METHYLATION OF IMMUNE CELLS IN PERSONS AT CLINICAL HIGH RISK FOR PSYCHOSIS"/></a></div></section><section class="c-scholworks"><div class="c-scholworks__main-column"><ul class="c-scholworks__tag-list"><li class="c-scholworks__tag-article">Article</li><li class="c-scholworks__tag-peer">Peer Reviewed</li></ul><div><h3 class="c-scholworks__heading"><a href="/uc/item/5666t6qw"><div class="c-clientmarkup">SU127. Negative Symptoms in Youth at Clinical High Risk of Psychosis</div></a></h3></div><div class="c-authorlist"><ul class="c-authorlist__list"><li class="c-authorlist__begin"><a href="/search/?q=author%3ADevoe%2C%20Daniel">Devoe, Daniel</a>; </li><li><a href="/search/?q=author%3ACadenhead%2C%20Kristen">Cadenhead, Kristen</a>; </li><li><a href="/search/?q=author%3ACannon%2C%20Tyrone">Cannon, Tyrone</a>; </li><li><a href="/search/?q=author%3ACornblatt%2C%20Barbara">Cornblatt, Barbara</a>; </li><li><a href="/search/?q=author%3AMcGlashan%2C%20Tom">McGlashan, Tom</a>; </li><li><a href="/search/?q=author%3APerkins%2C%20Diana">Perkins, Diana</a>; </li><li><a href="/search/?q=author%3ASeidman%2C%20Larry%20J">Seidman, Larry J</a>; </li><li><a href="/search/?q=author%3ATsuang%2C%20Ming">Tsuang, Ming</a>; </li><li><a href="/search/?q=author%3AWalker%2C%20Elaine">Walker, Elaine</a>; </li><li><a href="/search/?q=author%3AWoods%2C%20Scott">Woods, Scott</a>; </li><li><a href="/search/?q=author%3ABearden%2C%20Carrie">Bearden, Carrie</a>; </li><li><a href="/search/?q=author%3AMathalon%2C%20Daniel">Mathalon, Daniel</a>; </li><li class="c-authorlist__end"><a href="/search/?q=author%3AAddington%2C%20Jean">Addington, Jean</a> </li></ul></div><div class="c-scholworks__publication"><a href="/uc/ucsd_postprints">UC San Diego Previously Published Works</a> (<!-- -->2017<!-- -->)</div><div class="c-scholworks__abstract"><div class="c-clientmarkup">Abstract Background: Longitudinal studies examining youth at clinical high risk (CHR) of psychosis have predominantly focused on positive symptoms. However, youth at CHR often demonstrate persistent and significant negative symptoms, which have been reported to be predictive of conversion to psychosis. The goal of this study was to examine negative symptoms over time in youth at CHR of psychosis and compare baseline negative symptoms in those who convert to psychosis with those who did not convert. Methods: Youth at CHR (N = 764) were recruited for the North American Prodrome Longitudinal Study (NAPLS 2) at 8 sites across North America. Negative symptoms were rated on the Scale of Prodromal Symptoms (SOPS) at baseline, 6, 12, 18, and 24 months. Difference in prevalence of negative symptoms was assessed using Z test and change in negative symptom severity over time was assessed using repeated measures analysis of variance ANOVA. Wilcoxon rank sum test and 2-sample t test were utilized to compare baseline negative symptoms in converters vs nonconverters. Results: The mean total negative symptom score at baseline was 11.90 (SD = 9.80). A majority of participants (84.57%) had at least one negative symptom rated ≥3 at baseline. Negative symptom severity significantly decreased over time compared to baseline measures. Eighty-six participants converted in total. In participants with at least one negative symptom of moderate severity or above (N ≥ 3), nonconverters had lower severity ratings on expression of emotion (M = 1.49, SD = 1.47 vs M = 1.94, SD = 1.64, P = .02) and ideational richness (M = 1.23, SD = 1.37 vs M = 1.60, SD = 1.35, P = .04) compared to converters at baseline. In participants who completed 24 months of assessment and had negative symptom severity of moderate severity or above (N ≥ 3), nonconverters had significantly better expression of emotion (M = 1.40, SD = 1.51) compared to converters (M = 1.79, SD = 1.63, P = .03). Conclusion: First, this study demonstrated that the majority of youth at CHR have moderate to severe negative symptoms at baseline. Second, both decreased expression of emotion and decreased ideational richness was significantly more severe in participants who converted and may be indicative of later conversion to psychosis. Thus, early and persistent higher negative symptom scores may represent subsequent risk of conversion to psychosis.</div></div><div class="c-scholworks__media"><ul class="c-medialist"></ul></div></div><div class="c-scholworks__ancillary"><a class="c-scholworks__thumbnail" href="/uc/item/5666t6qw"><img src="/cms-assets/4f75c4f2a44c9ede1a107b6e4d80f3a743cf5fc75d85f50da3598a9ef7e70728" alt="Cover page: SU127. Negative Symptoms in Youth at Clinical High Risk of Psychosis"/></a></div></section><section class="c-scholworks"><div class="c-scholworks__main-column"><ul class="c-scholworks__tag-list"><li class="c-scholworks__tag-article">Article</li><li class="c-scholworks__tag-peer">Peer Reviewed</li></ul><div><h3 class="c-scholworks__heading"><a href="/uc/item/5jd2p259"><div class="c-clientmarkup">23. Omega-3 Fatty Acid Versus Placebo in a Clinical High-Risk Sample From the North American Prodrome Longitudinal Studies (NAPLS) Consortium</div></a></h3></div><div class="c-authorlist"><ul class="c-authorlist__list"><li class="c-authorlist__begin"><a href="/search/?q=author%3ACadenhead%2C%20Kristin">Cadenhead, Kristin</a>; </li><li><a href="/search/?q=author%3AAddington%2C%20Jean">Addington, Jean</a>; </li><li><a href="/search/?q=author%3ACannon%2C%20Tyrone">Cannon, Tyrone</a>; </li><li><a href="/search/?q=author%3ACornblatt%2C%20Barbara">Cornblatt, Barbara</a>; </li><li><a href="/search/?q=author%3AMathalon%2C%20Daniel">Mathalon, Daniel</a>; </li><li><a href="/search/?q=author%3AMcGlashan%2C%20Tom">McGlashan, Tom</a>; </li><li><a href="/search/?q=author%3APerkins%2C%20Diana">Perkins, Diana</a>; </li><li><a href="/search/?q=author%3ASeidman%2C%20Larry%20J">Seidman, Larry J</a>; </li><li><a href="/search/?q=author%3ATsuang%2C%20Ming">Tsuang, Ming</a>; </li><li><a href="/search/?q=author%3AWalker%2C%20Elaine">Walker, Elaine</a>; </li><li class="c-authorlist__end"><a href="/search/?q=author%3AWoods%2C%20Scott">Woods, Scott</a> </li></ul></div><div class="c-scholworks__publication"><a href="/uc/ucsd_postprints">UC San Diego Previously Published Works</a> (<!-- -->2017<!-- -->)</div><div class="c-scholworks__abstract"><div class="c-clientmarkup">Abstract Background: Omega-3 Fatty Acids (FAs), EPA (eicosapentaenoic acid) and DHA (Docosahexaenoic acid), are essential for normal brain development and may also have neuroprotective properties. Dietary supplementation of EPA and DHA has beneficial effects in medical illnesses as well as depression, bipolar disorder, and dementia. Abnormal FA metabolism may play a role in the etiology of psychiatric illness. Studies of erythrocytes and skin fibroblasts have shown reduced levels of FAs and phospholipids in schizophrenia. Studies of Omega-3FA supplementation in schizophrenia have been mixed. Amminger et al performed a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial in 81 subjects with prodromal symptoms of psychosis. The treatment consisted of 1.2g/day of Omega-3FAs (700 mg EPA, 480 mg DHA). After 12 weeks, 2 (4.9%) of 41 individuals in the Omega-3FA group and 11 of 40 (27.5%) in the placebo group converted to a psychotic disorder. Omega-3FAs also significantly reduced symptoms and improved functioning. The Aims of the current study were to replicate the Amminger study in Clinical High Risk (CHR) subjects from the NAPLS consortium. Methods: This was a 24-week, randomized, double-blind, placebo, fixed dose-controlled study of Omega-3FA versus placebo in 127 CHR subjects. The Omega-3FA compound contained a 2:1 proportion of EPA to DHA. The total dose was 740 mg of EPA and 400 mg of DHA. Baseline diet characterization was assessed using a systematic checklist that includes Omega-3FA foods. In addition, fasting erythrocyte FA composition was assessed. Results: Of the 127 CHR subjects recruited into the trial, 118 completed baseline assessment, and 70 (59%) completed the 6-month trial. Seven (10% Kaplan-Meier) subjects converted to psychosis during the 24 months. The rate of psychotic conversion did not differ in the Omega-3FA (13%) versus Placebo (8%) samples. Conversion to psychosis was predicted by low Omega-3FA rich foods in the diet (Wald Statistic = 4.96, P < .05). Although there were significant improvements in symptom and functioning over time in Mixed Model analyses, there were no significant group or Group × Time interaction effects. Conclusion: The rate of conversion to psychosis in the present sample was lower than is typically observed in an at-risk population. Given the study attrition and low rate of conversion to psychosis, the trial was underpowered to replicate the conversion effect in the Amminger et al.’s study. Despite the overall improvement in symptoms and functioning over time in all subjects, there was no clear evidence of a differential effect in the sample on Omega-3FA vs Placebo. Further work is needed to better tease out the role of diet and Omega-3FA in mental illness. The finding of a significant association between baseline diet low in Omega-3FA rich foods and later conversion to psychosis raises the question of whether it is possible to influence both physical and mental health with lifestyle choices including diet.</div></div><div class="c-scholworks__media"><ul class="c-medialist"></ul></div></div><div class="c-scholworks__ancillary"><a class="c-scholworks__thumbnail" href="/uc/item/5jd2p259"><img src="/cms-assets/0d42bcaf8ad048fd0ee8123a8d5b3da501aedef669a69070369b824d8ac3e8d9" alt="Cover page: 23. Omega-3 Fatty Acid Versus Placebo in a Clinical High-Risk Sample From the North American Prodrome Longitudinal Studies (NAPLS) Consortium"/></a></div></section><section class="c-scholworks"><div class="c-scholworks__main-column"><ul class="c-scholworks__tag-list"><li class="c-scholworks__tag-article">Article</li><li class="c-scholworks__tag-peer">Peer Reviewed</li></ul><div><h3 class="c-scholworks__heading"><a href="/uc/item/52k423fj"><div class="c-clientmarkup">Alterations of lateral temporal cortical gray matter and facial memory as vulnerability indicators for schizophrenia: An MRI study in youth at familial high-risk for schizophrenia</div></a></h3></div><div class="c-authorlist"><ul class="c-authorlist__list"><li class="c-authorlist__begin"><a href="/search/?q=author%3ABrent%2C%20Benjamin%20K">Brent, Benjamin K</a>; </li><li><a href="/search/?q=author%3ARosso%2C%20Isabelle%20M">Rosso, Isabelle M</a>; </li><li><a href="/search/?q=author%3AThermenos%2C%20Heidi%20W">Thermenos, Heidi W</a>; </li><li><a href="/search/?q=author%3AHolt%2C%20Daphne%20J">Holt, Daphne J</a>; </li><li><a href="/search/?q=author%3AFaraone%2C%20Stephen%20V">Faraone, Stephen V</a>; </li><li><a href="/search/?q=author%3AMakris%2C%20Nikos">Makris, Nikos</a>; </li><li><a href="/search/?q=author%3ATsuang%2C%20Ming%20T">Tsuang, Ming T</a>; </li><li class="c-authorlist__end"><a href="/search/?q=author%3ASeidman%2C%20Larry%20J">Seidman, Larry J</a> </li></ul></div><div class="c-scholworks__publication"><a href="/uc/ucsd_postprints">UC San Diego Previously Published Works</a> (<!-- -->2016<!-- -->)</div><div class="c-scholworks__abstract"><div class="c-clientmarkup"><h3>Background</h3>Structural alterations of the lateral temporal cortex (LTC) in association with memory impairments have been reported in schizophrenia. This study investigated whether alterations of LTC structure were linked with impaired facial and/or verbal memory in young first-degree relatives of people with schizophrenia and, thus, may be indicators of vulnerability to the illness.<h3>Methods</h3>Subjects included 27 non-psychotic, first-degree relatives of schizophrenia patients, and 48 healthy controls, between the ages of 13 and 28. Participants underwent high-resolution magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) at 1.5Tesla. The LTC was parcellated into superior temporal gyrus, middle temporal gyrus, inferior temporal gyrus, and temporal pole. Total cerebral and LTC volumes were measured using semi-automated morphometry. The Wechsler Memory Scale - Third Edition and the Children's Memory Scale - Third Edition assessed facial and verbal memory. General linear models tested for associations among LTC subregion volumes, familial risk and memory.<h3>Results</h3>Compared with controls, relatives had significantly smaller bilateral middle temporal gyri. Moreover, right middle temporal gyral volume showed a significant positive association with delayed facial memory in relatives.<h3>Conclusion</h3>These results support the hypothesis that smaller middle temporal gyri are related to the genetic liability to schizophrenia and may be linked with reduced facial memory in persons at genetic risk for the illness. The findings add to the growing evidence that children at risk for schizophrenia on the basis of positive family history have cortical and subcortical structural brain abnormalities well before psychotic illness occurs.</div></div><div class="c-scholworks__media"><ul class="c-medialist"></ul></div></div><div class="c-scholworks__ancillary"><a class="c-scholworks__thumbnail" href="/uc/item/52k423fj"><img src="/cms-assets/a11e82d0062760192de76fa56fa1e9577fe2f77031126027417c1fc13115da73" alt="Cover page: Alterations of lateral temporal cortical gray matter and facial memory as vulnerability indicators for schizophrenia: An MRI study in youth at familial high-risk for schizophrenia"/></a></div></section><section class="c-scholworks"><div class="c-scholworks__main-column"><ul class="c-scholworks__tag-list"><li class="c-scholworks__tag-article">Article</li><li class="c-scholworks__tag-peer">Peer Reviewed</li></ul><div><h3 class="c-scholworks__heading"><a href="/uc/item/53534296"><div class="c-clientmarkup">24.2 NEUROCOGNITIVE PROFILES IN THE PRODROME TO PSYCHOSIS IN NAPLS-1</div></a></h3></div><div class="c-authorlist"><ul class="c-authorlist__list"><li class="c-authorlist__begin"><a href="/search/?q=author%3AVelthorst%2C%20Eva">Velthorst, Eva</a>; </li><li><a href="/search/?q=author%3ABearden%2C%20Carrie">Bearden, Carrie</a>; </li><li><a href="/search/?q=author%3AMeyer%2C%20Eric">Meyer, Eric</a>; </li><li><a href="/search/?q=author%3AGiuliano%2C%20Anthony">Giuliano, Anthony</a>; </li><li><a href="/search/?q=author%3AAddington%2C%20Jean">Addington, Jean</a>; </li><li><a href="/search/?q=author%3ACadenhead%2C%20Kristin">Cadenhead, Kristin</a>; </li><li><a href="/search/?q=author%3ACannon%2C%20Tyrone">Cannon, Tyrone</a>; </li><li><a href="/search/?q=author%3ACornblatt%2C%20Barbara">Cornblatt, Barbara</a>; </li><li><a href="/search/?q=author%3AMcglashan%2C%20Thomas">Mcglashan, Thomas</a>; </li><li><a href="/search/?q=author%3APerkins%2C%20Diana">Perkins, Diana</a>; </li><li><a href="/search/?q=author%3ATsuang%2C%20Ming">Tsuang, Ming</a>; </li><li><a href="/search/?q=author%3AWalker%2C%20Elaine">Walker, Elaine</a>; </li><li><a href="/search/?q=author%3AWoods%2C%20Scott">Woods, Scott</a>; </li><li class="c-authorlist__end"><a href="/search/?q=author%3ASeidman%2C%20Larry">Seidman, Larry</a> </li></ul></div><div class="c-scholworks__publication"><a href="/uc/ucsd_postprints">UC San Diego Previously Published Works</a> (<!-- -->2018<!-- -->)</div><div class="c-scholworks__abstract"><div class="c-clientmarkup">Abstract <h3>Background</h3> The vast majority of studies of neuropsychological (NP) functioning in Clinical High Risk (CHR) cohorts have examined group averages, possibly concealing a range of subgroups ranging from very impaired to high functioning. Our objective was to assess NP profiles and to explore associations with conversion to psychosis, functional and diagnostic outcome. <h3>Methods</h3> Data were acquired from 324 participants (mean age 18.4) in the first phase of the North American Prodrome Longitudinal Study (NAPLS-1), a multi-site consortium following individuals for up to 2½ years. We applied Ward’s method for hierarchical clustering data to 8 baseline neurocognitive measures, in 166 CHR individuals, 49 non-CHR youth with a family history of psychosis, and 109 healthy controls. We tested whether cluster membership was associated with conversion to psychosis, social and role functioning, and follow-up diagnosis. Analyses were repeated after data were clustered based on independently developed clinical decision rules. <h3>Results</h3> Four neurocognitive clusters were identified: Significantly Impaired (n=33); Mildly Impaired (n=82); Normal (n=145) and High (n=64). The Significantly Impaired subgroup demonstrated the largest deviations on processing speed and memory tasks and had a conversion rate of 58%, a 40% chance of developing a schizophrenia spectrum diagnosis (compared to 24.4% in the Mildly Impaired, and 10.3% in the other two groups combined), and significantly worse functioning at baseline and 12-months. Data clustered using clinical decision rules yielded similar results, pointing to high convergent validity. <h3>Discussion</h3> Despite extensive neuropsychological investigations within CHR cohorts, this is one of the first studies to investigate NP clustering profiles as a contributor to heterogeneity in outcome. Our results indicate that the four NP profiles vary substantially in their outcome, underscoring the relevance of cognitive functioning in the prediction of illness progression. Our findings tentatively suggest that individualized cognitive profiling should be explored in clinical settings.</div></div><div class="c-scholworks__media"><ul class="c-medialist"></ul></div></div><div class="c-scholworks__ancillary"><a class="c-scholworks__thumbnail" href="/uc/item/53534296"><img src="/cms-assets/657a3125df11cbcd556b3cf3a95485228ac64c40f2e47acd76e6f7fad3d1c789" alt="Cover page: 24.2 NEUROCOGNITIVE PROFILES IN THE PRODROME TO PSYCHOSIS IN NAPLS-1"/></a></div></section><section class="c-scholworks"><div class="c-scholworks__main-column"><ul class="c-scholworks__tag-list"><li class="c-scholworks__tag-article">Article</li><li class="c-scholworks__tag-peer">Peer Reviewed</li></ul><div><h3 class="c-scholworks__heading"><a href="/uc/item/0t23x1cq"><div class="c-clientmarkup">59.4 Networks of Blood Analytes are Collectively Informative of Risk of Conversion to Schizophrenia</div></a></h3></div><div class="c-authorlist"><ul class="c-authorlist__list"><li class="c-authorlist__begin"><a href="/search/?q=author%3AJeffries%2C%20Clark">Jeffries, Clark</a>; </li><li><a href="/search/?q=author%3APerkins%2C%20Diana">Perkins, Diana</a>; </li><li><a href="/search/?q=author%3AAddington%2C%20Jean">Addington, Jean</a>; </li><li><a href="/search/?q=author%3ABearden%2C%20Carrie">Bearden, Carrie</a>; </li><li><a href="/search/?q=author%3ACadenhead%2C%20Kristen">Cadenhead, Kristen</a>; </li><li><a href="/search/?q=author%3ACannon%2C%20Tyrone">Cannon, Tyrone</a>; </li><li><a href="/search/?q=author%3ACornblatt%2C%20Barbara">Cornblatt, Barbara</a>; </li><li><a href="/search/?q=author%3AMathalon%2C%20Daniel">Mathalon, Daniel</a>; </li><li><a href="/search/?q=author%3AMcGlashan%2C%20Tom">McGlashan, Tom</a>; </li><li><a href="/search/?q=author%3ASeidman%2C%20Larry%20J">Seidman, Larry J</a>; </li><li><a href="/search/?q=author%3ATsuang%2C%20Ming">Tsuang, Ming</a>; </li><li><a href="/search/?q=author%3AWalker%2C%20Elaine">Walker, Elaine</a>; </li><li class="c-authorlist__end"><a href="/search/?q=author%3AWoods%2C%20Scott">Woods, Scott</a> </li></ul></div><div class="c-scholworks__publication"><a href="/uc/ucsd_postprints">UC San Diego Previously Published Works</a> (<!-- -->2017<!-- -->)</div><div class="c-scholworks__abstract"><div class="c-clientmarkup">Abstract Background: The presence and severity of attenuated-psychosis symptoms define a clinical high risk (CHR) population at elevated risk for psychotic disorders. The NAPLS project is a prospective study of mechanisms contributing to psychosis vulnerability in persons at CHR. Here we investigated a hypothesized role for the highly-integrated immune and redox systems in the development of psychosis. Methods: We examined expression of 143 plasma analytes from a subgroup of the NAPLS2 cohort, including 32 CHR with subsequent psychosis conversion, 40 CHR followed for 2 years without psychosis, and 35 unaffected subjects. We used a Luminex platform with analytes chosen to reflect immune, redox, hormonal, and metabolic system status, including many analytes previously associated with schizophrenia and psychosis risk. We applied correlation network analysis to discover potentially co-regulated networks associated with later development of psychosis. Results: Several robust (r > .75) and highly significant (P < .0001 after correction for multiple testing) correlation networks were found in all groups, including a network involving IL3, IL5, IL7, and IL13, and a network involving CCL5, BDNF, TSH, and PDGF. There were significantly fewer nodes in CHR-converters compared with CHR-nonconverters and unaffected subjects. In unaffected subjects, plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 (PAI-1) was highly correlated with matrix metallopeptidases (MMP) 7, 9 and 10 and CD40LG, this network was absent in CHR subjects, and in CHR-converters PAI-1 was robustly and significantly correlated with TIMP1, CCL13, and TIMP1. Conclusion: A pattern of robust and highly significant correlation networks in plasma analytes suggests shared regulatory mechanisms for the inter-correlated analytes. The lower number of correlated analytes in CHR subjects who converted to psychosis suggest a shift in regulation, as does the change in the correlation network involving PAI-1. PAI-1 is of interest given studies linking schizophrenia with reduced tissue plasminogen activator (tPA) and increases in negative regulators of tPA, including activation of both PAI-1and TIMP1 with oxidative stress. In addition, a recent study links toxoplasmosis infection and schizophrenia risk to a pathway involving PAI-1 and TIMP1. Patricio O’Donnell, Pfizer Inc.</div></div><div class="c-scholworks__media"><ul class="c-medialist"></ul></div></div><div class="c-scholworks__ancillary"><a class="c-scholworks__thumbnail" href="/uc/item/0t23x1cq"><img src="/cms-assets/d7f57468db9e0db827d0c1e60b1022a1c2a6b060ce52f3cb5f499b566cb43147" alt="Cover page: 59.4 Networks of Blood Analytes are Collectively Informative of Risk of Conversion to Schizophrenia"/></a></div></section><nav class="c-pagination--next"><ul><li><a href="" aria-label="you are on result set 1" class="c-pagination__item--current">1</a></li><li><a href="" aria-label="go to result set 2" class="c-pagination__item">2</a></li><li><a href="" aria-label="go to result set 3" class="c-pagination__item">3</a></li><li><a href="" aria-label="go to result set 4" class="c-pagination__item">4</a></li><li><a href="" aria-label="go to result set 21" class="c-pagination__item">21</a></li><li class="c-pagination__next"><a href="" aria-label="go to Next result 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Publishing","slug":"publishing","type":"page","url":"/publishing"}],"social":{"facebook":null,"twitter":null,"rss":"/rss/unit/root"},"breadcrumb":[{"name":"eScholarship","id":"root","url":"/"}]},"campuses":[{"id":"","name":"eScholarship at..."},{"id":"ucb","name":"UC Berkeley"},{"id":"ucd","name":"UC Davis"},{"id":"uci","name":"UC Irvine"},{"id":"ucla","name":"UCLA"},{"id":"ucm","name":"UC Merced"},{"id":"ucr","name":"UC Riverside"},{"id":"ucsd","name":"UC San Diego"},{"id":"ucsf","name":"UCSF"},{"id":"ucsb","name":"UC Santa Barbara"},{"id":"ucsc","name":"UC Santa Cruz"},{"id":"ucop","name":"UC Office of the President"},{"id":"lbnl","name":"Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory"},{"id":"anrcs","name":"UC Agriculture & Natural Resources"}],"query":{"q":"author:Tsuang, Ming","sort":"rel","rows":"10","info_start":"0","start":"0","filters":{}},"count":203,"info_count":0,"infoResults":[],"searchResults":[{"id":"qt5s40403h","title":"Inflammation in Mental Disorders: Is the Microbiota the Missing Link?","abstract":"Research suggests that inflammation is important in the pathophysiology of mental disorders. In addition, a growing body of evidence has led to the concept of the microbiota-gut-brain axis. To understand the potential interactions, we begin by exploring the liaison between the immune system and mental disorders, then we describe the evidence that the microbiota impact the immune response in the developing brain. Next, we review the literature that has documented microbiome alterations in major mental disorders. We end with a summary of therapeutic applications, ranging from psycho-biotics to immunomodulatory drugs that could affect the microbiota-gut-brain axis, and potential treatments to alleviate the adverse effects of antipsychotics. We conclude that there is promising evidence to support the position that the microbiota plays an important role in the immunological pathophysiology of mental disorders with an emphasis on psychotic disorders and mood disorders. However, more research is needed to elucidate the mechanisms.","content_type":"application/pdf","author_hide":null,"authors":[{"name":"Ouabbou, Sophie","fname":"Sophie","lname":"Ouabbou"},{"name":"He, Ying","fname":"Ying","lname":"He"},{"name":"Butler, Keith","fname":"Keith","lname":"Butler"},{"name":"Tsuang, Ming","fname":"Ming","lname":"Tsuang"}],"supp_files":[{"type":"pdf","count":0},{"type":"image","count":0},{"type":"video","count":0},{"type":"audio","count":0},{"type":"zip","count":0},{"type":"other","count":0}],"thumbnail":{"width":121,"height":176,"asset_id":"3f0cbc1c0c1f80a72746c99a2feaeb8cc91e76f55f07e0c5ee06c4ff31c062a4","timestamp":1686405524,"image_type":"png"},"pub_year":2020,"genre":"article","rights":null,"peerReviewed":true,"unitInfo":{"displayName":"UC San Diego Previously Published Works","link_path":"ucsd_postprints"}},{"id":"qt40r2g008","title":"Methodology in the GBD study of China","abstract":null,"content_type":"application/pdf","author_hide":null,"authors":[{"name":"Lin, Ping-I","fname":"Ping-I","lname":"Lin"},{"name":"Glatt, Stephen J","fname":"Stephen J","lname":"Glatt"},{"name":"Tsuang, Ming T","fname":"Ming T","lname":"Tsuang"}],"supp_files":[{"type":"pdf","count":0},{"type":"image","count":0},{"type":"video","count":0},{"type":"audio","count":0},{"type":"zip","count":0},{"type":"other","count":0}],"thumbnail":{"width":121,"height":167,"asset_id":"f2bf314de4ccf4f64c540bf5de89585901b1b630ee679462d26ee0ede2923138","timestamp":1601831621,"image_type":"png"},"pub_year":2020,"genre":"article","rights":null,"peerReviewed":true,"unitInfo":{"displayName":"UC San Diego Previously Published Works","link_path":"ucsd_postprints"}},{"id":"qt046581p0","title":"Early Intermodal Integration in Offspring of Parents With Psychosis","abstract":"Identifying early developmental indicators of risk for schizophrenia is important for prediction and possibly illness prevention. Disturbed intermodality has been proposed as one important neurodevelopmental risk for schizophrenia. Early intermodal integration (EII) is the infant's ability to link motility and perception and to relate perception across modalities. We hypothesized that infants of parents with schizophrenia would have more EII abnormalities than infants of healthy parents and that infants of parents with affective psychosis would be intermediate in severity. The New England Family Study high-risk sample, ascertained from community populations, was utilized. Eight-month-old infants of parents with schizophrenia (n = 58), affective psychoses (n = 128), and healthy controls (n = 174) were prospectively assessed. Diagnoses of parents were determined 30 years later blind to offspring data. EII measures were grouped into 3 domains characterizing different aspects of infant development: (1) one's own body, (2) objects, and (3) social interactions. Results demonstrated that body- and object-related EII abnormalities were significantly increased for infants of parents with schizophrenia compared with control infants and not significantly increased for infants of parents with affective psychoses. EII abnormalities in relation to social interactions were significantly increased in infants of parents with schizophrenia and affective psychoses. Thus, body- and object-related EII abnormalities were most severe in infants of parents with schizophrenia, supporting the importance of intermodality dysfunction as an early indicator of the vulnerability to schizophrenia. Future research should evaluate how this dysfunction evolves with development and its associations with other psychopathological and neurodevelopmental deficits in youth at risk for psychosis.","content_type":"application/pdf","author_hide":null,"authors":[{"name":"Gamma, Franziska","fname":"Franziska","lname":"Gamma"},{"name":"Goldstein, Jill M","fname":"Jill M","lname":"Goldstein"},{"name":"Seidman, Larry J","fname":"Larry J","lname":"Seidman"},{"name":"Fitzmaurice, Garrett M","fname":"Garrett M","lname":"Fitzmaurice"},{"name":"Tsuang, Ming T","email":"mtsuang@ucsd.edu","fname":"Ming T","lname":"Tsuang","ORCID_id":"0000-0002-0076-5340"},{"name":"Buka, Stephen L","fname":"Stephen L","lname":"Buka"}],"supp_files":[{"type":"pdf","count":0},{"type":"image","count":0},{"type":"video","count":0},{"type":"audio","count":0},{"type":"zip","count":0},{"type":"other","count":0}],"thumbnail":{"width":121,"height":164,"asset_id":"3f07fac058614353dc279f22096e9a6dc354cd5bbb03a570fe5306c7756fc909","timestamp":1682181527,"image_type":"png"},"pub_year":2014,"genre":"article","rights":null,"peerReviewed":true,"unitInfo":{"displayName":"UC San Diego Previously Published Works","link_path":"ucsd_postprints"}},{"id":"qt8xv3r69h","title":"Adaptive combination of Bayes factors as a powerful method for the joint analysis of rare and common variants","abstract":"Multi-marker association tests can be more powerful than single-locus analyses because they aggregate the variant information within a gene/region. However, combining the association signals of multiple markers within a gene/region may cause noise due to the inclusion of neutral variants, which usually compromises the power of a test. To reduce noise, the \"adaptive combination of P-values\" (ADA) method removes variants with larger P-values. However, when both rare and common variants are considered, it is not optimal to truncate variants according to their P-values. An alternative summary measure, the Bayes factor (BF), is defined as the ratio of the probability of the data under the alternative hypothesis to that under the null hypothesis. The BF quantifies the \"relative\" evidence supporting the alternative hypothesis. Here, we propose an \"adaptive combination of Bayes factors\" (ADABF) method that can be directly applied to variants with a wide spectrum of minor allele frequencies. The simulations show that ADABF is more powerful than single-nucleotide polymorphism (SNP)-set kernel association tests and burden tests. We also analyzed 1,109 case-parent trios from the Schizophrenia Trio Genomic Research in Taiwan. Three genes on chromosome 19p13.2 were found to be associated with schizophrenia at the suggestive significance level of 5\u2009\u00D7\u200910-5.","content_type":"application/pdf","author_hide":null,"authors":[{"name":"Lin, Wan-Yu","fname":"Wan-Yu","lname":"Lin"},{"name":"Chen, Wei J","fname":"Wei J","lname":"Chen"},{"name":"Liu, Chih-Min","fname":"Chih-Min","lname":"Liu"},{"name":"Hwu, Hai-Gwo","fname":"Hai-Gwo","lname":"Hwu"},{"name":"McCarroll, Steven A","fname":"Steven A","lname":"McCarroll"},{"name":"Glatt, Stephen J","fname":"Stephen J","lname":"Glatt"},{"name":"Tsuang, Ming T","email":"mtsuang@ucsd.edu","fname":"Ming T","lname":"Tsuang","ORCID_id":"0000-0002-0076-5340"}],"supp_files":[{"type":"pdf","count":0},{"type":"image","count":0},{"type":"video","count":0},{"type":"audio","count":0},{"type":"zip","count":0},{"type":"other","count":0}],"thumbnail":{"width":121,"height":156,"asset_id":"b1679f834382f754e406d6f91ca82f65eb7ae5be0d28d2084389c6e0df8c534f","timestamp":1590011266,"image_type":"png"},"pub_year":2017,"genre":"article","rights":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/","peerReviewed":true,"unitInfo":{"displayName":"UC San Diego Previously Published Works","link_path":"ucsd_postprints"}},{"id":"qt85g271k0","title":"39.1 DNA METHYLATION OF IMMUNE CELLS IN PERSONS AT CLINICAL HIGH RISK FOR PSYCHOSIS","abstract":"Abstract <h4>Background</h4> A dysregulated immune system is implicated in the development of psychotic disorders. Persons with schizophrenia have altered levels of circulating immune cell signaling molecules (cytokines), and elevation of specific cytokines predict conversion to psychosis in persons at clinical high risk. Whether these peripheral signals are a causal or a secondary phenomenon is unclear. But, subpopulations of circulating immune cells do regulate the brain from meningeal and perivascular locations influencing cognition, mood, and behavior, and thus may be relevant to schizophrenia vulnerability. Hematopoietic stem cells in the bone marrow differentiate into cascading subtypes depending on signals from other organs, especially the brain. For example, a monocyte subpopulation emerges with repeated social defeat that establish the persistence of anxiety-like behaviors; blocking their release or inhibiting their attachment to brain vascular endothelium prevents the emergence of anxiety-like behaviors. In humans, a similar monocyte subpopulation is associated with social isolation and other adversities including low SES, chronic stress, and bereavement. <h4>Methods</h4> The North American Prodrome Longitudinal Study (NAPLS2) is an eight-site observational study of predictors and mechanisms of conversion to psychosis The full cohort includes 763 at clinical high risk (CHR) based on the Criteria of Prodromal State (COPS) and 279 demographically similar unaffected comparison (UC) subjects. Methylation of whole blood DNA collected in PAXgene tubes at baseline was analyzed with the Illumina 450k array in a subgroup of 59 subjects who converted to psychosis (CHR-C), 84 CHR subjects followed for 2 years who did not develop psychosis (CHR-NC) and 67 unaffected subjects (UC). Our analyses focused on methylation of promoter regions of genes, associated with gene expression. Classifier construction used Coarse Approximation Linear Function (CALF) with bootstrapping of 1000 random 80% subsets with replacement to determine statistical likelihood. <h4>Results</h4> We found highly overlapping sets of differentially methylated promoter regions in CHR-C subjects compared to CHR-NC and to UC subjects. A set of 10 markers correctly classified CHR-C and CHR-NC subjects with high accuracy (AUC=0.94, 95% CI 0.89\u20130.98). Included was SIRT1, a gene that is upregulated with HSV reactivation. <h4>Discussion</h4> Circulating immune cells excerpt powerful influences on mood, cognition and behavior. An obvious example is the experience of most human with \u201Csickness syndrome\u201D, characterized by apathy, avolition, and withdrawal, and triggered by immune-cell-released cytokines producing an adaptive, resource conserving, behavioral response. While at an early stage, our findings further implicate immune system dysregulation as a mechanism in the development of psychosis.","content_type":"application/pdf","author_hide":null,"authors":[{"name":"Perkins, Diana","fname":"Diana","lname":"Perkins"},{"name":"Clark, Jeffries","fname":"Jeffries","lname":"Clark"},{"name":"Addington, Jean","fname":"Jean","lname":"Addington"},{"name":"Beardon, Carrie","fname":"Carrie","lname":"Beardon"},{"name":"Cadenhead, Kristin","fname":"Kristin","lname":"Cadenhead"},{"name":"Cannon, Tyrone","fname":"Tyrone","lname":"Cannon"},{"name":"Cornblatt, Barbara","fname":"Barbara","lname":"Cornblatt"},{"name":"Mathalon, Daniel","fname":"Daniel","lname":"Mathalon"},{"name":"McGlashan, Thomas","fname":"Thomas","lname":"McGlashan"},{"name":"Seidman, Larry","fname":"Larry","lname":"Seidman"},{"name":"Tsuang, Ming","email":"mtsuang@ucsd.edu","fname":"Ming","lname":"Tsuang","ORCID_id":"0000-0002-0076-5340"},{"name":"Walker, Elaine","fname":"Elaine","lname":"Walker"},{"name":"Woods, Scott","fname":"Scott","lname":"Woods"}],"supp_files":[{"type":"pdf","count":0},{"type":"image","count":0},{"type":"video","count":0},{"type":"audio","count":0},{"type":"zip","count":0},{"type":"other","count":0}],"thumbnail":{"width":121,"height":167,"asset_id":"c1a89740f2be8244d329319dacf0a575e667c9389e3af373246e3e12cef8f5c8","timestamp":1689402925,"image_type":"png"},"pub_year":2018,"genre":"article","rights":null,"peerReviewed":true,"unitInfo":{"displayName":"UC San Diego Previously Published Works","link_path":"ucsd_postprints"}},{"id":"qt5666t6qw","title":"SU127. Negative Symptoms in Youth at Clinical High Risk of Psychosis","abstract":"Abstract Background: Longitudinal studies examining youth at clinical high risk (CHR) of psychosis have predominantly focused on positive symptoms. However, youth at CHR often demonstrate persistent and significant negative symptoms, which have been reported to be predictive of conversion to psychosis. The goal of this study was to examine negative symptoms over time in youth at CHR of psychosis and compare baseline negative symptoms in those who convert to psychosis with those who did not convert. Methods: Youth at CHR (N = 764) were recruited for the North American Prodrome Longitudinal Study (NAPLS 2) at 8 sites across North America. Negative symptoms were rated on the Scale of Prodromal Symptoms (SOPS) at baseline, 6, 12, 18, and 24 months. Difference in prevalence of negative symptoms was assessed using Z test and change in negative symptom severity over time was assessed using repeated measures analysis of variance ANOVA. Wilcoxon rank sum test and 2-sample t test were utilized to compare baseline negative symptoms in converters vs nonconverters. Results: The mean total negative symptom score at baseline was 11.90 (SD = 9.80). A majority of participants (84.57%) had at least one negative symptom rated \u22653 at baseline. Negative symptom severity significantly decreased over time compared to baseline measures. Eighty-six participants converted in total. In participants with at least one negative symptom of moderate severity or above (N \u2265 3), nonconverters had lower severity ratings on expression of emotion (M = 1.49, SD = 1.47 vs M = 1.94, SD = 1.64, P = .02) and ideational richness (M = 1.23, SD = 1.37 vs M = 1.60, SD = 1.35, P = .04) compared to converters at baseline. In participants who completed 24 months of assessment and had negative symptom severity of moderate severity or above (N \u2265 3), nonconverters had significantly better expression of emotion (M = 1.40, SD = 1.51) compared to converters (M = 1.79, SD = 1.63, P = .03). Conclusion: First, this study demonstrated that the majority of youth at CHR have moderate to severe negative symptoms at baseline. Second, both decreased expression of emotion and decreased ideational richness was significantly more severe in participants who converted and may be indicative of later conversion to psychosis. Thus, early and persistent higher negative symptom scores may represent subsequent risk of conversion to psychosis.","content_type":"application/pdf","author_hide":null,"authors":[{"name":"Devoe, Daniel","fname":"Daniel","lname":"Devoe"},{"name":"Cadenhead, Kristen","fname":"Kristen","lname":"Cadenhead"},{"name":"Cannon, Tyrone","fname":"Tyrone","lname":"Cannon"},{"name":"Cornblatt, Barbara","fname":"Barbara","lname":"Cornblatt"},{"name":"McGlashan, Tom","fname":"Tom","lname":"McGlashan"},{"name":"Perkins, Diana","fname":"Diana","lname":"Perkins"},{"name":"Seidman, Larry J","fname":"Larry J","lname":"Seidman"},{"name":"Tsuang, Ming","email":"mtsuang@ucsd.edu","fname":"Ming","lname":"Tsuang","ORCID_id":"0000-0002-0076-5340"},{"name":"Walker, Elaine","fname":"Elaine","lname":"Walker"},{"name":"Woods, Scott","fname":"Scott","lname":"Woods"},{"name":"Bearden, Carrie","fname":"Carrie","lname":"Bearden"},{"name":"Mathalon, Daniel","fname":"Daniel","lname":"Mathalon"},{"name":"Addington, Jean","fname":"Jean","lname":"Addington"}],"supp_files":[{"type":"pdf","count":0},{"type":"image","count":0},{"type":"video","count":0},{"type":"audio","count":0},{"type":"zip","count":0},{"type":"other","count":0}],"thumbnail":{"width":121,"height":163,"asset_id":"4f75c4f2a44c9ede1a107b6e4d80f3a743cf5fc75d85f50da3598a9ef7e70728","timestamp":1689405155,"image_type":"png"},"pub_year":2017,"genre":"article","rights":null,"peerReviewed":true,"unitInfo":{"displayName":"UC San Diego Previously Published Works","link_path":"ucsd_postprints"}},{"id":"qt5jd2p259","title":"23. Omega-3 Fatty Acid Versus Placebo in a Clinical High-Risk Sample From the North American Prodrome Longitudinal Studies (NAPLS) Consortium","abstract":"Abstract Background: Omega-3 Fatty Acids (FAs), EPA (eicosapentaenoic acid) and DHA (Docosahexaenoic acid), are essential for normal brain development and may also have neuroprotective properties. Dietary supplementation of EPA and DHA has beneficial effects in medical illnesses as well as depression, bipolar disorder, and dementia. Abnormal FA metabolism may play a role in the etiology of psychiatric illness. Studies of erythrocytes and skin fibroblasts have shown reduced levels of FAs and phospholipids in schizophrenia. Studies of Omega-3FA supplementation in schizophrenia have been mixed. Amminger et al performed a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial in 81 subjects with prodromal symptoms of psychosis. The treatment consisted of 1.2g/day of Omega-3FAs (700\u2009mg EPA, 480\u2009mg DHA). After 12 weeks, 2 (4.9%) of 41 individuals in the Omega-3FA group and 11 of 40 (27.5%) in the placebo group converted to a psychotic disorder. Omega-3FAs also significantly reduced symptoms and improved functioning. The Aims of the current study were to replicate the Amminger study in Clinical High Risk (CHR) subjects from the NAPLS consortium. Methods: This was a 24-week, randomized, double-blind, placebo, fixed dose-controlled study of Omega-3FA versus placebo in 127 CHR subjects. The Omega-3FA compound contained a 2:1 proportion of EPA to DHA. The total dose was 740\u2009mg of EPA and 400\u2009mg of DHA. Baseline diet characterization was assessed using a systematic checklist that includes Omega-3FA foods. In addition, fasting erythrocyte FA composition was assessed. Results: Of the 127 CHR subjects recruited into the trial, 118 completed baseline assessment, and 70 (59%) completed the 6-month trial. Seven (10% Kaplan-Meier) subjects converted to psychosis during the 24 months. The rate of psychotic conversion did not differ in the Omega-3FA (13%) versus Placebo (8%) samples. Conversion to psychosis was predicted by low Omega-3FA rich foods in the diet (Wald Statistic = 4.96, P < .05). Although there were significant improvements in symptom and functioning over time in Mixed Model analyses, there were no significant group or Group \u00D7 Time interaction effects. Conclusion: The rate of conversion to psychosis in the present sample was lower than is typically observed in an at-risk population. Given the study attrition and low rate of conversion to psychosis, the trial was underpowered to replicate the conversion effect in the Amminger et al.\u2019s study. Despite the overall improvement in symptoms and functioning over time in all subjects, there was no clear evidence of a differential effect in the sample on Omega-3FA vs Placebo. Further work is needed to better tease out the role of diet and Omega-3FA in mental illness. The finding of a significant association between baseline diet low in Omega-3FA rich foods and later conversion to psychosis raises the question of whether it is possible to influence both physical and mental health with lifestyle choices including diet.","content_type":"application/pdf","author_hide":null,"authors":[{"name":"Cadenhead, Kristin","fname":"Kristin","lname":"Cadenhead"},{"name":"Addington, Jean","fname":"Jean","lname":"Addington"},{"name":"Cannon, Tyrone","fname":"Tyrone","lname":"Cannon"},{"name":"Cornblatt, Barbara","fname":"Barbara","lname":"Cornblatt"},{"name":"Mathalon, Daniel","fname":"Daniel","lname":"Mathalon"},{"name":"McGlashan, Tom","fname":"Tom","lname":"McGlashan"},{"name":"Perkins, Diana","fname":"Diana","lname":"Perkins"},{"name":"Seidman, Larry J","fname":"Larry J","lname":"Seidman"},{"name":"Tsuang, Ming","email":"mtsuang@ucsd.edu","fname":"Ming","lname":"Tsuang","ORCID_id":"0000-0002-0076-5340"},{"name":"Walker, Elaine","fname":"Elaine","lname":"Walker"},{"name":"Woods, Scott","fname":"Scott","lname":"Woods"}],"supp_files":[{"type":"pdf","count":0},{"type":"image","count":0},{"type":"video","count":0},{"type":"audio","count":0},{"type":"zip","count":0},{"type":"other","count":0}],"thumbnail":{"width":121,"height":167,"asset_id":"0d42bcaf8ad048fd0ee8123a8d5b3da501aedef669a69070369b824d8ac3e8d9","timestamp":1689404206,"image_type":"png"},"pub_year":2017,"genre":"article","rights":null,"peerReviewed":true,"unitInfo":{"displayName":"UC San Diego Previously Published Works","link_path":"ucsd_postprints"}},{"id":"qt52k423fj","title":"Alterations of lateral temporal cortical gray matter and facial memory as vulnerability indicators for schizophrenia: An MRI study in youth at familial high-risk for schizophrenia","abstract":"<h4>Background</h4>Structural alterations of the lateral temporal cortex (LTC) in association with memory impairments have been reported in schizophrenia. This study investigated whether alterations of LTC structure were linked with impaired facial and/or verbal memory in young first-degree relatives of people with schizophrenia and, thus, may be indicators of vulnerability to the illness.<h4>Methods</h4>Subjects included 27 non-psychotic, first-degree relatives of schizophrenia patients, and 48 healthy controls, between the ages of 13 and 28. Participants underwent high-resolution magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) at 1.5Tesla. The LTC was parcellated into superior temporal gyrus, middle temporal gyrus, inferior temporal gyrus, and temporal pole. Total cerebral and LTC volumes were measured using semi-automated morphometry. The Wechsler Memory Scale - Third Edition and the Children's Memory Scale - Third Edition assessed facial and verbal memory. General linear models tested for associations among LTC subregion volumes, familial risk and memory.<h4>Results</h4>Compared with controls, relatives had significantly smaller bilateral middle temporal gyri. Moreover, right middle temporal gyral volume showed a significant positive association with delayed facial memory in relatives.<h4>Conclusion</h4>These results support the hypothesis that smaller middle temporal gyri are related to the genetic liability to schizophrenia and may be linked with reduced facial memory in persons at genetic risk for the illness. The findings add to the growing evidence that children at risk for schizophrenia on the basis of positive family history have cortical and subcortical structural brain abnormalities well before psychotic illness occurs.","content_type":"application/pdf","author_hide":null,"authors":[{"name":"Brent, Benjamin K","fname":"Benjamin K","lname":"Brent"},{"name":"Rosso, Isabelle M","fname":"Isabelle M","lname":"Rosso"},{"name":"Thermenos, Heidi W","fname":"Heidi W","lname":"Thermenos"},{"name":"Holt, Daphne J","fname":"Daphne J","lname":"Holt"},{"name":"Faraone, Stephen V","fname":"Stephen V","lname":"Faraone"},{"name":"Makris, Nikos","fname":"Nikos","lname":"Makris"},{"name":"Tsuang, Ming T","email":"mtsuang@ucsd.edu","fname":"Ming T","lname":"Tsuang","ORCID_id":"0000-0002-0076-5340"},{"name":"Seidman, Larry J","fname":"Larry J","lname":"Seidman"}],"supp_files":[{"type":"pdf","count":0},{"type":"image","count":0},{"type":"video","count":0},{"type":"audio","count":0},{"type":"zip","count":0},{"type":"other","count":0}],"thumbnail":{"width":121,"height":149,"asset_id":"a11e82d0062760192de76fa56fa1e9577fe2f77031126027417c1fc13115da73","timestamp":1682952091,"image_type":"png"},"pub_year":2016,"genre":"article","rights":null,"peerReviewed":true,"unitInfo":{"displayName":"UC San Diego Previously Published Works","link_path":"ucsd_postprints"}},{"id":"qt53534296","title":"24.2 NEUROCOGNITIVE PROFILES IN THE PRODROME TO PSYCHOSIS IN NAPLS-1","abstract":"Abstract <h4>Background</h4> The vast majority of studies of neuropsychological (NP) functioning in Clinical High Risk (CHR) cohorts have examined group averages, possibly concealing a range of subgroups ranging from very impaired to high functioning. Our objective was to assess NP profiles and to explore associations with conversion to psychosis, functional and diagnostic outcome. <h4>Methods</h4> Data were acquired from 324 participants (mean age 18.4) in the first phase of the North American Prodrome Longitudinal Study (NAPLS-1), a multi-site consortium following individuals for up to 2\u00BD years. We applied Ward\u2019s method for hierarchical clustering data to 8 baseline neurocognitive measures, in 166 CHR individuals, 49 non-CHR youth with a family history of psychosis, and 109 healthy controls. We tested whether cluster membership was associated with conversion to psychosis, social and role functioning, and follow-up diagnosis. Analyses were repeated after data were clustered based on independently developed clinical decision rules. <h4>Results</h4> Four neurocognitive clusters were identified: Significantly Impaired (n=33); Mildly Impaired (n=82); Normal (n=145) and High (n=64). The Significantly Impaired subgroup demonstrated the largest deviations on processing speed and memory tasks and had a conversion rate of 58%, a 40% chance of developing a schizophrenia spectrum diagnosis (compared to 24.4% in the Mildly Impaired, and 10.3% in the other two groups combined), and significantly worse functioning at baseline and 12-months. Data clustered using clinical decision rules yielded similar results, pointing to high convergent validity. <h4>Discussion</h4> Despite extensive neuropsychological investigations within CHR cohorts, this is one of the first studies to investigate NP clustering profiles as a contributor to heterogeneity in outcome. Our results indicate that the four NP profiles vary substantially in their outcome, underscoring the relevance of cognitive functioning in the prediction of illness progression. Our findings tentatively suggest that individualized cognitive profiling should be explored in clinical settings.","content_type":"application/pdf","author_hide":null,"authors":[{"name":"Velthorst, Eva","fname":"Eva","lname":"Velthorst"},{"name":"Bearden, Carrie","fname":"Carrie","lname":"Bearden"},{"name":"Meyer, Eric","fname":"Eric","lname":"Meyer"},{"name":"Giuliano, Anthony","fname":"Anthony","lname":"Giuliano"},{"name":"Addington, Jean","fname":"Jean","lname":"Addington"},{"name":"Cadenhead, Kristin","fname":"Kristin","lname":"Cadenhead"},{"name":"Cannon, Tyrone","fname":"Tyrone","lname":"Cannon"},{"name":"Cornblatt, Barbara","fname":"Barbara","lname":"Cornblatt"},{"name":"Mcglashan, Thomas","fname":"Thomas","lname":"Mcglashan"},{"name":"Perkins, Diana","fname":"Diana","lname":"Perkins"},{"name":"Tsuang, Ming","email":"mtsuang@ucsd.edu","fname":"Ming","lname":"Tsuang","ORCID_id":"0000-0002-0076-5340"},{"name":"Walker, Elaine","fname":"Elaine","lname":"Walker"},{"name":"Woods, Scott","fname":"Scott","lname":"Woods"},{"name":"Seidman, Larry","fname":"Larry","lname":"Seidman"}],"supp_files":[{"type":"pdf","count":0},{"type":"image","count":0},{"type":"video","count":0},{"type":"audio","count":0},{"type":"zip","count":0},{"type":"other","count":0}],"thumbnail":{"width":121,"height":164,"asset_id":"657a3125df11cbcd556b3cf3a95485228ac64c40f2e47acd76e6f7fad3d1c789","timestamp":1689402809,"image_type":"png"},"pub_year":2018,"genre":"article","rights":null,"peerReviewed":true,"unitInfo":{"displayName":"UC San Diego Previously Published Works","link_path":"ucsd_postprints"}},{"id":"qt0t23x1cq","title":"59.4 Networks of Blood Analytes are Collectively Informative of Risk of Conversion to Schizophrenia","abstract":"Abstract Background: The presence and severity of attenuated-psychosis symptoms define a clinical high risk (CHR) population at elevated risk for psychotic disorders. The NAPLS project is a prospective study of mechanisms contributing to psychosis vulnerability in persons at CHR. Here we investigated a hypothesized role for the highly-integrated immune and redox systems in the development of psychosis. Methods: We examined expression of 143 plasma analytes from a subgroup of the NAPLS2 cohort, including 32 CHR with subsequent psychosis conversion, 40 CHR followed for 2 years without psychosis, and 35 unaffected subjects. We used a Luminex platform with analytes chosen to reflect immune, redox, hormonal, and metabolic system status, including many analytes previously associated with schizophrenia and psychosis risk. We applied correlation network analysis to discover potentially co-regulated networks associated with later development of psychosis. Results: Several robust (r > .75) and highly significant (P < .0001 after correction for multiple testing) correlation networks were found in all groups, including a network involving IL3, IL5, IL7, and IL13, and a network involving CCL5, BDNF, TSH, and PDGF. There were significantly fewer nodes in CHR-converters compared with CHR-nonconverters and unaffected subjects. In unaffected subjects, plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 (PAI-1) was highly correlated with matrix metallopeptidases (MMP) 7, 9 and 10 and CD40LG, this network was absent in CHR subjects, and in CHR-converters PAI-1 was robustly and significantly correlated with TIMP1, CCL13, and TIMP1. Conclusion: A pattern of robust and highly significant correlation networks in plasma analytes suggests shared regulatory mechanisms for the inter-correlated analytes. The lower number of correlated analytes in CHR subjects who converted to psychosis suggest a shift in regulation, as does the change in the correlation network involving PAI-1. PAI-1 is of interest given studies linking schizophrenia with reduced tissue plasminogen activator (tPA) and increases in negative regulators of tPA, including activation of both PAI-1and TIMP1 with oxidative stress. In addition, a recent study links toxoplasmosis infection and schizophrenia risk to a pathway involving PAI-1 and TIMP1. Patricio O\u2019Donnell, Pfizer Inc.","content_type":"application/pdf","author_hide":null,"authors":[{"name":"Jeffries, Clark","fname":"Clark","lname":"Jeffries"},{"name":"Perkins, Diana","fname":"Diana","lname":"Perkins"},{"name":"Addington, Jean","fname":"Jean","lname":"Addington"},{"name":"Bearden, Carrie","fname":"Carrie","lname":"Bearden"},{"name":"Cadenhead, Kristen","fname":"Kristen","lname":"Cadenhead"},{"name":"Cannon, Tyrone","fname":"Tyrone","lname":"Cannon"},{"name":"Cornblatt, Barbara","fname":"Barbara","lname":"Cornblatt"},{"name":"Mathalon, Daniel","fname":"Daniel","lname":"Mathalon"},{"name":"McGlashan, Tom","fname":"Tom","lname":"McGlashan"},{"name":"Seidman, Larry J","fname":"Larry J","lname":"Seidman"},{"name":"Tsuang, Ming","email":"mtsuang@ucsd.edu","fname":"Ming","lname":"Tsuang","ORCID_id":"0000-0002-0076-5340"},{"name":"Walker, Elaine","fname":"Elaine","lname":"Walker"},{"name":"Woods, Scott","fname":"Scott","lname":"Woods"}],"supp_files":[{"type":"pdf","count":0},{"type":"image","count":0},{"type":"video","count":0},{"type":"audio","count":0},{"type":"zip","count":0},{"type":"other","count":0}],"thumbnail":{"width":121,"height":167,"asset_id":"d7f57468db9e0db827d0c1e60b1022a1c2a6b060ce52f3cb5f499b566cb43147","timestamp":1689405387,"image_type":"png"},"pub_year":2017,"genre":"article","rights":null,"peerReviewed":true,"unitInfo":{"displayName":"UC San Diego Previously Published Works","link_path":"ucsd_postprints"}}],"facets":[{"display":"Type of Work","fieldName":"type_of_work","facets":[{"value":"article","count":203,"displayName":"Article"},{"value":"monograph","count":0,"displayName":"Book"},{"value":"dissertation","count":0,"displayName":"Theses"},{"value":"multimedia","count":0,"displayName":"Multimedia"}]},{"display":"Peer Review","fieldName":"peer_reviewed","facets":[{"value":"1","count":203,"displayName":"Peer-reviewed only"}]},{"display":"Supplemental Material","fieldName":"supp_file_types","facets":[{"value":"video","count":0,"displayName":"Video"},{"value":"audio","count":0,"displayName":"Audio"},{"value":"images","count":0,"displayName":"Images"},{"value":"zip","count":0,"displayName":"Zip"},{"value":"other files","count":1,"displayName":"Other files"}]},{"display":"Publication Year","fieldName":"pub_year","range":{"pub_year_start":null,"pub_year_end":null}},{"display":"Campus","fieldName":"campuses","facets":[{"value":"ucb","count":0,"displayName":"UC Berkeley"},{"value":"ucd","count":16,"displayName":"UC Davis"},{"value":"uci","count":8,"displayName":"UC Irvine"},{"value":"ucla","count":99,"displayName":"UCLA"},{"value":"ucm","count":0,"displayName":"UC Merced"},{"value":"ucr","count":0,"displayName":"UC Riverside"},{"value":"ucsd","count":203,"displayName":"UC San Diego"},{"value":"ucsf","count":90,"displayName":"UCSF"},{"value":"ucsb","count":1,"displayName":"UC Santa Barbara"},{"value":"ucsc","count":1,"displayName":"UC Santa Cruz"},{"value":"ucop","count":20,"displayName":"UC Office of the President"},{"value":"lbnl","count":1,"displayName":"Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory"},{"value":"anrcs","count":0,"displayName":"UC Agriculture & Natural Resources"}]},{"display":"Department","fieldName":"departments","facets":[{"value":"lbnl_cs","count":1,"displayName":"Computing Sciences"},{"value":"ucdavisneurology","count":1,"displayName":"Department of Neurology, UC Davis School of Medicine"},{"value":"ucsdpsych","count":188,"displayName":"Department of Psychiatry, UCSD"},{"value":"ucsdpsy","count":1,"displayName":"Department of Psychology"},{"value":"rgpo","count":20,"displayName":"Research Grants Program Office"},{"value":"ucsdsom","count":199,"displayName":"School of Medicine"},{"value":"uclapsych","count":90,"displayName":"UCLA Department of Psychology"}]},{"display":"Journal","fieldName":"journals","facets":[]},{"display":"Discipline","fieldName":"disciplines","facets":[]},{"display":"Reuse License","fieldName":"rights","facets":[{"value":"CC BY","count":5,"displayName":"BY - Attribution required"}]}]};</script> <script src="/js/vendors~app-bundle-7424603c338d723fd773.js"></script> <script src="/js/app-bundle-8362e6d7829414ab4baa.js"></script> </body> </html>