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class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Beginning of the Blitz</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Beginning_of_the_Blitz-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Christmas_Blitz" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Christmas_Blitz"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Christmas Blitz</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Christmas_Blitz-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-May_Blitz" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#May_Blitz"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>May Blitz</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-May_Blitz-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-End_of_the_Blitz" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#End_of_the_Blitz"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>End of the Blitz</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-End_of_the_Blitz-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Aftermath" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Aftermath"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>Aftermath</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Aftermath-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Notable_victims" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Notable_victims"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>Notable victims</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Notable_victims-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a 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mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Liverpool_Blitz" title="Liverpool Blitz – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Liverpool Blitz" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Liverpool_Blitz" title="Liverpool Blitz – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Liverpool Blitz" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%94%D7%91%D7%9C%D7%99%D7%A5_%D7%A2%D7%9C_%D7%9C%D7%99%D7%91%D7%A8%D7%A4%D7%95%D7%9C" title="הבליץ על ליברפול – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="הבליץ על ליברפול" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" 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id="siteSub" class="noprint">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">German bombing of British port city during WWII</div> <p class="mw-empty-elt"> </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r963460841">@media all and (min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .desktop-float-right{box-sizing:border-box;float:right;clear:right}}.mw-parser-output .infobox.vevent .status>p:first-child{margin:0}</style><table class="infobox vevent" style="width:25.5em;border-spacing:2px;"><tbody><tr><th class="summary" colspan="2" style="background-color:#C3D6EF;color:inherit;text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;font-size:110%;">Liverpool Blitz</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" style="background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">Part of the <a href="/wiki/Strategic_bombing_during_World_War_II" title="Strategic bombing during World War II">Strategic bombing campaign</a> of <a href="/wiki/World_War_II" title="World War II">World War II</a></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" style="text-align:center;border-bottom:1px solid #aaa;line-height:1.5em;"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:Memorial_to_the_Heroes_of_the_Engine_Room-_stokers.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/57/Memorial_to_the_Heroes_of_the_Engine_Room-_stokers.jpg/220px-Memorial_to_the_Heroes_of_the_Engine_Room-_stokers.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="341" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/57/Memorial_to_the_Heroes_of_the_Engine_Room-_stokers.jpg/330px-Memorial_to_the_Heroes_of_the_Engine_Room-_stokers.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/57/Memorial_to_the_Heroes_of_the_Engine_Room-_stokers.jpg/440px-Memorial_to_the_Heroes_of_the_Engine_Room-_stokers.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3152" data-file-height="4881" /></a></span><br />Bomb damage visible on <i><a href="/wiki/Memorial_to_Heroes_of_the_Marine_Engine_Room" title="Memorial to Heroes of the Marine Engine Room">Memorial to Heroes of the Marine Engine Room</a></i> (photographed 2018)</td></tr><tr><td colspan="2"><table style="width:100%;margin:0;padding:0;border:0;display:inline-table"><tbody><tr><th style="padding-right:1em">Date</th><td>1940–1942</td></tr><tr><th style="padding-right:1em">Location</th><td><div class="location"><a href="/wiki/Liverpool" title="Liverpool">Liverpool</a></div></td></tr><tr><th style="padding-right:1em">Result</th><td class="status"> Liverpool heavily damaged by German air raids</td></tr></tbody></table></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" style="background-color:#C3D6EF;color:inherit;text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;font-size:110%;">Belligerents</th></tr><tr><td style="width:50%;border-right:1px dotted #aaa;"> <span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/77/Flag_of_Germany_%281935%E2%80%931945%29.svg/23px-Flag_of_Germany_%281935%E2%80%931945%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/77/Flag_of_Germany_%281935%E2%80%931945%29.svg/35px-Flag_of_Germany_%281935%E2%80%931945%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/77/Flag_of_Germany_%281935%E2%80%931945%29.svg/46px-Flag_of_Germany_%281935%E2%80%931945%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Nazi_Germany" title="Nazi Germany">Nazi Germany</a></td><td style="width:50%;padding-left:0.25em"> <span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/ae/Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/ae/Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/ae/Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg/46px-Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/United_Kingdom" title="United Kingdom">United Kingdom</a></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" style="background-color:#C3D6EF;color:inherit;text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;font-size:110%;">Casualties and losses</th></tr><tr><td style="width:50%;border-right:1px dotted #aaa;"> Unknown</td><td style="width:50%;padding-left:0.25em"> 4,000</td></tr></tbody></table> <div 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title="Special:EditPage/Template:Campaignbox German bombing of Britain 1940–1941"><abbr title="Edit this template" style="color:inherit">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="The_Blitz_(1940–1941)" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><span style="line-height:1.6em">The Blitz (1940–1941)</span></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><a href="/wiki/The_Blitz" title="The Blitz">The Blitz</a> <hr /> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Belfast_Blitz" title="Belfast Blitz">Belfast</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Birmingham_Blitz" title="Birmingham Blitz">Birmingham</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bournemouth_Blitz" title="Bournemouth Blitz">Bournemouth</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bristol_Blitz" title="Bristol Blitz">Bristol</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cardiff_Blitz" title="Cardiff Blitz">Cardiff</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Clydebank_Blitz" title="Clydebank Blitz">Clydebank</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Coventry_Blitz" title="Coventry Blitz">Coventry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bombing_of_Dublin_in_World_War_II" title="Bombing of Dublin in World War II">Dublin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hull_Blitz" title="Hull Blitz">Hull</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Graveney_Marsh" title="Battle of Graveney Marsh">Graveney Marsh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Leeds_Blitz" title="Leeds Blitz">Leeds</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Liverpool</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Manchester_Blitz" title="Manchester Blitz">Manchester</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Plymouth_Blitz" title="Plymouth Blitz">Plymouth</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Portsmouth_Blitz" class="mw-redirect" title="Portsmouth Blitz">Portsmouth</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sheffield_Blitz" title="Sheffield Blitz">Sheffield</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Southampton_Blitz" title="Southampton Blitz">Southampton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Swansea_Blitz" title="Swansea Blitz">Swansea</a></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <p>The <b>Liverpool Blitz</b> was the <a href="/wiki/The_Blitz" title="The Blitz">heavy and sustained bombing</a> of the English city of <a href="/wiki/Liverpool" title="Liverpool">Liverpool</a> and its surrounding area, during the <a href="/wiki/Second_World_War" class="mw-redirect" title="Second World War">Second World War</a> by the <a href="/wiki/Nazi_Germany" title="Nazi Germany">German</a> <i><a href="/wiki/Luftwaffe" title="Luftwaffe">Luftwaffe</a></i>.<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Liverpool was the most heavily bombed area of the country outside London,<sup id="cite_ref-liverpoolmuseums.org.uk_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-liverpoolmuseums.org.uk-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> due to the city having, along with <a href="/wiki/Birkenhead" title="Birkenhead">Birkenhead</a>, the largest port on the west coast and being of significant importance to the British war effort. Descriptions of damage were kept vague to hide information from the Germans, and downplayed in the newspapers for propaganda purposes;<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> many Liverpudlians thus felt that their suffering was overlooked compared to other places.<sup id="cite_ref-liverpoolmuseums.org.uk_2-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-liverpoolmuseums.org.uk-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Around 4,000 people were killed in the Merseyside area during the Blitz.<sup id="cite_ref-liverpoolmuseums.org.uk_2-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-liverpoolmuseums.org.uk-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> This death toll was second only to London, which suffered over 40,000 by the end of the war. </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Memorial_to_The_Engine_Room_Heroes_Of_The_Titanic.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/da/Memorial_to_The_Engine_Room_Heroes_Of_The_Titanic.jpg/220px-Memorial_to_The_Engine_Room_Heroes_Of_The_Titanic.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="293" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/da/Memorial_to_The_Engine_Room_Heroes_Of_The_Titanic.jpg/330px-Memorial_to_The_Engine_Room_Heroes_Of_The_Titanic.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/da/Memorial_to_The_Engine_Room_Heroes_Of_The_Titanic.jpg/440px-Memorial_to_The_Engine_Room_Heroes_Of_The_Titanic.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2736" data-file-height="3648" /></a><figcaption>Bomb splinter damage on the lower section of the Titanic <i>Memorial to Heroes of the Marine Engine Room</i>, Liverpool, England</figcaption></figure> <p>Liverpool, Bootle and the <a href="/wiki/Wallasey_Pool" title="Wallasey Pool">Wallasey Pool</a> complex were strategically very important locations during the Second World War. The <a href="/wiki/Port_of_Liverpool" title="Port of Liverpool">Port of Liverpool</a> had for many years been the United Kingdom's main link with <a href="/wiki/North_America" title="North America">North America</a>, and proved to be a key part in the British participation in the <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_the_Atlantic" title="Battle of the Atlantic">Battle of the Atlantic</a>. As well as providing anchorage for naval ships from many nations, the port's quays and dockers handled over 90 per cent of all the war material brought into Britain from abroad with some 75 million tons passing through its 11 miles (18 km) of quays. Liverpool was the eastern end of a Transatlantic chain of supplies from North America. Other industries were also heavily concentrated in Liverpool and across the <a href="/wiki/Mersey" class="mw-redirect" title="Mersey">Mersey</a> in <a href="/wiki/Birkenhead" title="Birkenhead">Birkenhead</a>. </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Blackstock_Gardens_Memorial_September_16_2010_(1).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0f/Blackstock_Gardens_Memorial_September_16_2010_%281%29.jpg/220px-Blackstock_Gardens_Memorial_September_16_2010_%281%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="290" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0f/Blackstock_Gardens_Memorial_September_16_2010_%281%29.jpg/330px-Blackstock_Gardens_Memorial_September_16_2010_%281%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0f/Blackstock_Gardens_Memorial_September_16_2010_%281%29.jpg/440px-Blackstock_Gardens_Memorial_September_16_2010_%281%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2254" data-file-height="2974" /></a><figcaption>Plaque on memorial to those killed on 21 December at Blackstock Gardens, Liverpool</figcaption></figure> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Preparations_for_war">Preparations for war</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Liverpool_Blitz&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Preparations for war"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The <a href="/wiki/Evacuations_of_civilians_in_Britain_during_World_War_II" title="Evacuations of civilians in Britain during World War II">evacuation of children</a> (Operation Pied Piper) at the start of the war, in September 1939, was a pre-emptive measure to save the population of urban or military areas from German aerial bombing. Between 1–6 September the evacuations, organised by <a href="/wiki/Liverpool_Corporation" class="mw-redirect" title="Liverpool Corporation">Liverpool Corporation</a>, saw 8,500 children, parents and teachers moved from the city to rural areas and small towns in <a href="/wiki/Lancashire" title="Lancashire">Lancashire</a>, <a href="/wiki/Wales" title="Wales">Wales</a>, <a href="/wiki/Cheshire" title="Cheshire">Cheshire</a>, <a href="/wiki/Shrewsbury" title="Shrewsbury">Shrewsbury</a> and <a href="/wiki/Shropshire" title="Shropshire">Shropshire</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-LM1_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-LM1-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>As months went by with no signs of an air-raid by the Luftwaffe, many parents brought their children back to Liverpool and, by January 1940, 40% of the evacuated children were back in the city.<sup id="cite_ref-LM1_4-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-LM1-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Beginning_of_the_Blitz">Beginning of the Blitz</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Liverpool_Blitz&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Beginning of the Blitz"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The first major air raid on Liverpool took place in August 1940, when 160 bombers attacked the city on the night of 28 August. </p><p>This assault continued over the next three nights, then regularly for the rest of the year. There were 50 raids on the city during this three-month period. Some of these were minor, comprising a few aircraft, and lasting a few minutes, with others comprising up to 300 aircraft and lasting over ten hours. On 18 September, 22 inmates at <a href="/wiki/HM_Prison_Liverpool" title="HM Prison Liverpool">Walton Gaol</a> were killed when <a href="/wiki/High-explosive" class="mw-redirect" title="High-explosive">high-explosive</a> bombs demolished a wing of the prison.<sup id="cite_ref-tglb_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-tglb-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>28 November saw a heavy raid on the city, and the most serious single incident, when a hit on an <a href="/wiki/Air-raid_shelters" class="mw-redirect" title="Air-raid shelters">air-raid shelter</a> in Durning Road caused 166 fatalities.<sup id="cite_ref-liverpoolmuseums.org.uk_2-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-liverpoolmuseums.org.uk-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Winston Churchill described it as the "single worst incident of the war".<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The air assault in 1940 came to a peak with the Christmas Blitz, a three-night bombardment from 20–22 December. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Christmas_Blitz">Christmas Blitz</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Liverpool_Blitz&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Christmas Blitz"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>A series of heavy raids took place in December 1940, referred to as the Christmas Blitz, when 365 people were killed between 20–22 December.<sup id="cite_ref-nwlg_7-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-nwlg-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The raids saw several instances of direct hits on air raid shelters; on 20 December, 42 people died when a shelter was hit, while another 40 died when a bomb struck railway arches on Bentinck Street, where local people were sheltering.<sup id="cite_ref-nwlg_7-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-nwlg-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> On 21 December, another hit on a shelter which killed 74 people.<sup id="cite_ref-nwlg_7-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-nwlg-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In her memoir <i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Lime_Street_at_Two&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Lime Street at Two (page does not exist)">Lime Street at Two</a></i>, <a href="/wiki/Helen_Forrester" title="Helen Forrester">Helen Forrester</a> described trying to get home from her job at Bootle during the Christmas Blitz: </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1244412712">.mw-parser-output .templatequote{overflow:hidden;margin:1em 0;padding:0 32px}.mw-parser-output .templatequotecite{line-height:1.5em;text-align:left;margin-top:0}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .templatequotecite{padding-left:1.6em}}</style><blockquote class="templatequote"><p>In the light of flares, fires, <a href="/wiki/Tracer_ammunition" title="Tracer ammunition">tracer bullets</a> and <a href="/wiki/Searchlight" title="Searchlight">searchlights</a>, it was easy to see. I felt cross; I was not going to be kept from home by any German planes. I began to walk...At several points, the raid passed right overhead at a time when there seemed no place to hide...A series of bombs appeared to hit the next street, and I was suddenly glad that I had been faced with a blank wall on my side of the street, and was consequently, sprawled in the gutter; if there had been a house or shop doorway in which to shelter, I could well have been speared by glass slivers bursting from the windows. On the theory that a moving object was harder to hit than a stationary one, I ran like a frightened alley cat, in the hope of avoiding an <a href="/wiki/Incendiary_bomb" class="mw-redirect" title="Incendiary bomb">incendiary bomb</a> or heavy piece of debris falling on me. Incendiary bombs, though quite small, were deadly if they fell on someone, and <a href="/wiki/Flak" class="mw-redirect" title="Flak">flak</a> from our <a href="/wiki/Anti-aircraft_gun" class="mw-redirect" title="Anti-aircraft gun">anti-aircraft guns</a> or flying pieces of rubble and glass from bombed buildings, were more of a menace than the chance of being caught directly by an exploding bomb. Another great danger was from falling power lines, still live and spitting like angry dragons...'I'll cross <a href="/wiki/William_Brown_Street" title="William Brown Street">William Brown Street</a>, where the <a href="/wiki/Picton_Library" class="mw-redirect" title="Picton Library">Picton Library</a> is, and skirt around the wall of <a href="/wiki/St_John%27s_Garden" class="mw-redirect" title="St John's Garden">St John's Garden</a>. It'll give me a bit of protection,' I told myself. By doing this I avoided the wide open spaces of this handsome part of Liverpool and would be less likely to be hit. I would also bypass most of <a href="/wiki/Lime_Street,_Liverpool" title="Lime Street, Liverpool">Lime Street</a>, still the main walk for prostitutes in the city, where I had no doubt it would be business as usual, blitz or no blitz; it was not the ladies I feared, but their pimps and hangers-on. The city was in turmoil, with service vehicles zipping recklessly through the battered streets. There seemed to be a very big fire at the beginning of <a href="/wiki/Dale_Street" title="Dale Street">Dale Street</a>, and behind the buildings past which I ran up to the far end of Lime Street, there was obviously another heavy conflagration, which I afterwards was told was <a href="/wiki/St_John%27s_market" class="mw-redirect" title="St John's market">St John's market</a> burning...As I ran, incendiaries fell like rain, and magnificent <a href="/wiki/St_George%27s_Hall,_Liverpool" title="St George's Hall, Liverpool">St George's Hall</a> was alight; I was told later that there were hundreds of people sheltering in the cells underneath it, unaware that the building above them was in flames. Though I was aware only of a blizzard of bombs, flak and hazardous litter on the pavements, a short distance away a bomb fell in front of the <a href="/wiki/Royal_Court_Theatre,_Liverpool" title="Royal Court Theatre, Liverpool">Court Theatre</a>, and a fire engine, racing to a call, fell into the crater, killing the entire crew of seven; so much for speed in such a situation. I was lucky that I did not fall over something or into something myself. I felt naked as I left <a href="/w/index.php?title=Renshaw_Street&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Renshaw Street (page does not exist)">Renshaw Street</a> behind me, and climbed the hill towards <a href="/w/index.php?title=Catherine_Street,_Liverpool&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Catherine Street, Liverpool (page does not exist)">Catherine Street</a>. To my right, the <a href="/wiki/Liverpool_Anglican_Cathedral" class="mw-redirect" title="Liverpool Anglican Cathedral">Anglican Cathedral</a> was outlined against a rosy sky. It seemed less noisy here, and was totally deserted. The quiet rage, which had sustained me through the city, began to drain, and I was aware of intolerable fatigue. There were several hospitals at the top of the hill, where cars and ambulances were coming and going steadily. I wondered if I should give up, and take refuge in one of them. But I was very close to home, and hospitals could be hit, too. In fact, during that night the <a href="/wiki/Liverpool_Royal_Infirmary" title="Liverpool Royal Infirmary">Royal Infirmary</a> and the <a href="/w/index.php?title=Mill_Road_Infirmary&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Mill Road Infirmary (page does not exist)">Mill Road Infirmary</a> were severely damaged. I dragged onwards slowly, bothered by the smoke and dust in the atmosphere as well as by the sound of bombs whistling down on the city centre. At the sound of the front door being opened and closed, Father, his face filled with anxiety, came up from the cellar steps. 'God! Whatever happened to you?' he exclaimed. I licked my parched lips. 'I walked,' I said simply.</p></blockquote> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Western_railway_station_liverpool.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b2/Western_railway_station_liverpool.jpg/220px-Western_railway_station_liverpool.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="293" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b2/Western_railway_station_liverpool.jpg/330px-Western_railway_station_liverpool.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b2/Western_railway_station_liverpool.jpg/440px-Western_railway_station_liverpool.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3024" data-file-height="4032" /></a><figcaption>WW2 splinter damage on western wall of Great Western Railway Warehouse, Liverpool, England<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </figcaption></figure> <p>The bombing decreased in severity after the new year. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="May_Blitz">May Blitz</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Liverpool_Blitz&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: May Blitz"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Liverpool_Blitz_D_5983.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/77/Liverpool_Blitz_D_5983.jpg/350px-Liverpool_Blitz_D_5983.jpg" decoding="async" width="350" height="136" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/77/Liverpool_Blitz_D_5983.jpg/525px-Liverpool_Blitz_D_5983.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/77/Liverpool_Blitz_D_5983.jpg/700px-Liverpool_Blitz_D_5983.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1300" data-file-height="504" /></a><figcaption>A panoramic view of bomb damage in Liverpool; <a href="/wiki/Victoria_Monument_(Liverpool)" class="mw-redirect" title="Victoria Monument (Liverpool)">Victoria Monument</a> in foreground, the burned-out shell of the <a href="/wiki/Custom_House,_Liverpool" title="Custom House, Liverpool">Custom House</a> in middle distance</figcaption></figure> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Liverpool_Blitz_D_5984.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2e/Liverpool_Blitz_D_5984.jpg/350px-Liverpool_Blitz_D_5984.jpg" decoding="async" width="350" height="135" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2e/Liverpool_Blitz_D_5984.jpg/525px-Liverpool_Blitz_D_5984.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2e/Liverpool_Blitz_D_5984.jpg/700px-Liverpool_Blitz_D_5984.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1500" data-file-height="579" /></a><figcaption>Another panoramic view, looking towards the River Mersey; Custom House at left, <a href="/wiki/Liver_Building" class="mw-redirect" title="Liver Building">Liver Building</a> in middle distance</figcaption></figure> <p>May 1941 saw a renewal of the air assault on the region; a seven-night bombardment that devastated the city.<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The first bomb landed upon <a href="/wiki/Seacombe" title="Seacombe">Seacombe</a>, <a href="/wiki/Wallasey" title="Wallasey">Wallasey</a>, <a href="/wiki/Wirral_Peninsula" title="Wirral Peninsula">Wirral</a>, at 22:15 on 1 May.<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The peak of the bombing occurred from 1–7 May 1941. It involved 681 <i><a href="/wiki/Luftwaffe" title="Luftwaffe">Luftwaffe</a></i> bombers; 2,315 high explosive bombs and 119 other explosives such as <a href="/wiki/Incendiary_bomb" class="mw-redirect" title="Incendiary bomb">incendiaries</a> were dropped. The raids put 69 out of 144 cargo berths out of action and inflicted 2,895 casualties.<sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>nb 1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p><a href="/wiki/Liverpool_Cathedral" title="Liverpool Cathedral">Liverpool Cathedral</a> was hit by a high explosive bomb which pierced the roof of the south-east transept before being deflected by an inner brick wall and exploding mid-air, damaging many stained glass windows. Another landed on the front steps without exploding but incendiaries destroyed equipment in the contractor's yard at the west end.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEWhittington-Egan198724_13-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEWhittington-Egan198724-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>One incident on 3 May involved the <a href="/wiki/SS_Malakand_(1919)" title="SS Malakand (1919)">SS <i>Malakand</i></a>, a ship carrying munitions which was berthed in the <a href="/wiki/Huskisson_Dock" title="Huskisson Dock">Huskisson Dock</a>. Although its eventual explosion is often attributed to a burning barrage balloon, this fire was put out. However flames from dock sheds that had been bombed spread to the <i>Malakand</i>, and this fire could not be contained. Despite valiant efforts by the fire brigade to extinguish the flames, they spread to the ship's cargo of 1,000 tons of bombs, which exploded a few hours after the raid had ended. The entire Huskisson No. 2 dock and the surrounding quays were destroyed and four people were killed. The explosion was so violent that some pieces of the ship's hull plating were blasted into a park over 1 mile (1.6 km) away. It took seventy-four hours for the fire to burn out.<sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The seven night bombardment resulted in over 6,500 homes being completely demolished by aerial bombing and a further 190,000 damaged<sup id="cite_ref-iwm.org.uk_15-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-iwm.org.uk-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> leaving 70,000 people homeless.<sup id="cite_ref-iwm.org.uk_15-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-iwm.org.uk-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> 500 roads were closed to traffic as well as railways and tram lines being destroyed. 700 water mains and 80 sewers were damaged alongside gas, electricity and telephone services. 9,000 workers from outside the city and 2,700 troops helped to remove debris from streets. On the night of the 3rd and 4th of May alone, 400 fires were attended to by the fire brigade.<sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p><a href="/wiki/Bootle" title="Bootle">Bootle</a>, to the north of the city, suffered heavy damage and loss of life.<sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> One notable incident here was a direct hit on a <a href="/wiki/The_Co-operative_brand" title="The Co-operative brand">Co-op</a> air raid shelter on the corner of Ash Street and Stanley Road. The exact total of casualties is unclear, though dozens of bodies were recovered and placed in a temporary mortuary which itself was later destroyed by incendiaries with over 180 corpses inside.<sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p><i><a href="/wiki/The_Times" title="The Times">The Times</a></i> on 5 May 1941 carried the following report: "The Germans stated that Saturday night's attack on Liverpool was one of the heaviest ever made by their air force on Britain. Several hundred bombers had been used, visibility was good and docks and industrial works, storehouses and business centres, had been hit. In addition to many smaller fires, one conflagration, it was claimed, was greater than any hitherto observed during a night attack." </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Bomb_fragment_damage_on_South_West_wall_of_Maritime_Museum,_Liverpool,_England.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/64/Bomb_fragment_damage_on_South_West_wall_of_Maritime_Museum%2C_Liverpool%2C_England.jpg/220px-Bomb_fragment_damage_on_South_West_wall_of_Maritime_Museum%2C_Liverpool%2C_England.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/64/Bomb_fragment_damage_on_South_West_wall_of_Maritime_Museum%2C_Liverpool%2C_England.jpg/330px-Bomb_fragment_damage_on_South_West_wall_of_Maritime_Museum%2C_Liverpool%2C_England.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/64/Bomb_fragment_damage_on_South_West_wall_of_Maritime_Museum%2C_Liverpool%2C_England.jpg/440px-Bomb_fragment_damage_on_South_West_wall_of_Maritime_Museum%2C_Liverpool%2C_England.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4032" data-file-height="3024" /></a><figcaption>Bomb splinter damage on north east wall of Maritime Museum, Liverpool, England</figcaption></figure> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="End_of_the_Blitz">End of the Blitz</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Liverpool_Blitz&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: End of the Blitz"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>After the raids in May 1941, the German air assault diminished, as Hitler's attention turned towards attacking the <a href="/wiki/Soviet_Union" title="Soviet Union">Soviet Union</a>. The last German air raid on Liverpool took place on 10 January 1942, destroying several houses on Upper Stanhope Street. By a quirk of fate one of the houses destroyed was number 102, which had been the home of <a href="/wiki/Hitler_family#1910s" title="Hitler family">Alois Hitler, Jr</a>, half brother of <a href="/wiki/Adolf_Hitler" title="Adolf Hitler">Adolf Hitler</a> and the birthplace of Hitler's nephew, <a href="/wiki/William_Patrick_Hitler" class="mw-redirect" title="William Patrick Hitler">William Patrick Hitler</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The house was never rebuilt and the whole site was eventually cleared of housing and grassed over.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (December 2021)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Liverpool,_1946.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/78/Liverpool%2C_1946.png/220px-Liverpool%2C_1946.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="194" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/78/Liverpool%2C_1946.png/330px-Liverpool%2C_1946.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/78/Liverpool%2C_1946.png/440px-Liverpool%2C_1946.png 2x" data-file-width="2044" data-file-height="1798" /></a><figcaption>Liverpool's Lime Street area in 1946 </figcaption></figure> <p>By the end German bombs had killed 2,716 people in Liverpool, 442 people in Birkenhead, 409 people in Bootle and 332 people in Wallasey.<sup id="cite_ref-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Aftermath">Aftermath</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Liverpool_Blitz&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Aftermath"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:St_Lukes_Liverpool_Overgrown.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/38/St_Lukes_Liverpool_Overgrown.jpg/220px-St_Lukes_Liverpool_Overgrown.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/38/St_Lukes_Liverpool_Overgrown.jpg/330px-St_Lukes_Liverpool_Overgrown.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/38/St_Lukes_Liverpool_Overgrown.jpg/440px-St_Lukes_Liverpool_Overgrown.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2848" data-file-height="2136" /></a><figcaption>Trees now grow in the shell of <a href="/wiki/Church_of_St_Luke,_Liverpool" title="Church of St Luke, Liverpool">St Luke's Church</a></figcaption></figure> <p>Today one of the most vivid symbols of the Liverpool Blitz is the burnt outer shell of <a href="/wiki/Church_of_St_Luke,_Liverpool" title="Church of St Luke, Liverpool">St Luke's Church</a>, located in the city centre, which was destroyed by an <a href="/wiki/Incendiary_bomb" class="mw-redirect" title="Incendiary bomb">incendiary bomb</a> on 5 May 1941. The church was gutted during the <a href="/wiki/Firebombing" title="Firebombing">firebombing</a> but remained standing and, in its prominent position in the city, was a stark reminder of what Liverpool and the surrounding area had endured. It eventually became a garden of remembrance to commemorate the thousands of local men, women and children who died as a result of the bombing of their city and region. </p><p>Other architectural casualties of the Blitz included the <a href="/wiki/Custom_House,_Liverpool" title="Custom House, Liverpool">Custom House</a>, <a href="/wiki/Bluecoat_Chambers" title="Bluecoat Chambers">Bluecoat Chambers</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Liverpool_Museum" class="mw-redirect" title="Liverpool Museum">Liverpool Museum</a>. However, many buildings were restored after the War, while the Custom House was controversially demolished.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (December 2021)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p><p>British Prime Minister <a href="/wiki/Winston_Churchill" title="Winston Churchill">Winston Churchill</a> in May 1941 said after visiting Liverpool and the surrounding area, "I see the damage done by the enemy attacks, but I also see ... the spirit of an unconquered people."<sup id="cite_ref-21" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p><br /> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Notable_victims">Notable victims</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Liverpool_Blitz&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Notable victims"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Mary_Lawson_(actress)" title="Mary Lawson (actress)">Mary Lawson</a>, film and stage actress<sup id="cite_ref-timesmay101941_22-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-timesmay101941-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Chicago_23-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Chicago-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Francis_William_Lionel_Collings_Beaumont" class="mw-redirect" title="Francis William Lionel Collings Beaumont">Francis William Lionel Collings Beaumont</a>, heir to the Seigneur of Sark and RAF officer<sup id="cite_ref-timesmay101941_22-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-timesmay101941-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Chicago_23-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Chicago-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Liverpool_Blitz&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/History_of_Liverpool" title="History of Liverpool">History of Liverpool</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Blitz" title="The Blitz">The Blitz</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Liverpool_Blitz&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Notes">Notes</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Liverpool_Blitz&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Notes"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-12">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">1,741 people were killed and 1,154 people were injured</span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Citations">Citations</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Liverpool_Blitz&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: Citations"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239543626"><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.citizan.org.uk/blog/2020/Aug/29/raiders-over-river-mersey/">"CITiZAN - Blogs - Raiders over the River Mersey"</a>. <i>www.citizan.org.uk</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">9 August</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.citizan.org.uk&rft.atitle=CITiZAN+-+Blogs+-+Raiders+over+the+River+Mersey&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.citizan.org.uk%2Fblog%2F2020%2FAug%2F29%2Fraiders-over-river-mersey%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALiverpool+Blitz" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-liverpoolmuseums.org.uk-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-liverpoolmuseums.org.uk_2-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-liverpoolmuseums.org.uk_2-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-liverpoolmuseums.org.uk_2-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-liverpoolmuseums.org.uk_2-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.liverpoolmuseums.org.uk/whatson/merseyside-maritime-museum/exhibition/spirit-of-blitz">"Spirit of the Blitz - Merseyside Maritime Museum, Liverpool museums"</a>. <i>Liverpoolmuseums.org.uk</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220220111003/https://www.liverpoolmuseums.org.uk/whatson/merseyside-maritime-museum/exhibition/spirit-of-blitz">Archived</a> from the original on 20 February 2022<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">18 February</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Liverpoolmuseums.org.uk&rft.atitle=Spirit+of+the+Blitz+-+Merseyside+Maritime+Museum%2C+Liverpool+museums&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.liverpoolmuseums.org.uk%2Fwhatson%2Fmerseyside-maritime-museum%2Fexhibition%2Fspirit-of-blitz&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALiverpool+Blitz" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHodgson" class="citation journal cs1">Hodgson, G. R. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://core.ac.uk/download/pdf/42477391.pdf">"<span class="cs1-kern-left"></span>'Too ghastly to believe'? Liverpool, the press and the May Blitz of 1941"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <i>Journalism Education</i>. <b>4</b> (1). Association for Journalism Education. Source: LJMU Research Online, Liverpool John Moores University; see <a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="http://researchonline.ljmu.ac.uk/id/eprint/1678/">http://researchonline.ljmu.ac.uk/id/eprint/1678/</a> for abstract and details. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190220003352/https://core.ac.uk/download/pdf/42477391.pdf">Archived</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> from the original on 20 February 2019<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">12 June</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journalism+Education&rft.atitle=%27Too+ghastly+to+believe%27%3F+Liverpool%2C+the+press+and+the+May+Blitz+of+1941&rft.volume=4&rft.issue=1&rft.aulast=Hodgson&rft.aufirst=G.+R.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fcore.ac.uk%2Fdownload%2Fpdf%2F42477391.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALiverpool+Blitz" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-LM1-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-LM1_4-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-LM1_4-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.liverpoolmuseums.org.uk/maritime/exhibitions/blitz/danger.aspx">"Coming danger - Merseyside Maritime Museum, Liverpool museums"</a>. <i>Liverpoolmuseums.org.uk</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190225192835/http://www.liverpoolmuseums.org.uk/maritime/exhibitions/blitz/danger.aspx">Archived</a> from the original on 25 February 2019<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">18 February</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Liverpoolmuseums.org.uk&rft.atitle=Coming+danger+-+Merseyside+Maritime+Museum%2C+Liverpool+museums&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.liverpoolmuseums.org.uk%2Fmaritime%2Fexhibitions%2Fblitz%2Fdanger.aspx&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALiverpool+Blitz" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-tglb-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-tglb_5-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWhittington-Egan1987" class="citation book cs1">Whittington-Egan, Richard (1987). <i>The Great Liverpool Blitz</i>. The Gallery Press, Liverpool Dossier Series. p. 34. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-900389-27-3" title="Special:BookSources/0-900389-27-3"><bdi>0-900389-27-3</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Great+Liverpool+Blitz&rft.pages=34&rft.pub=The+Gallery+Press%2C+Liverpool+Dossier+Series&rft.date=1987&rft.isbn=0-900389-27-3&rft.aulast=Whittington-Egan&rft.aufirst=Richard&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALiverpool+Blitz" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWaddington2010" class="citation web cs1">Waddington, Marc (25 November 2010). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.liverpoolecho.co.uk/news/liverpool-news/70th-anniversary-durning-road-bomb-3391399">"70th anniversary of Durning Road bomb disaster that claimed 166 Liverpool lives"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Liverpool_Echo" title="Liverpool Echo">Liverpool Echo</a></i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20201130164817/https://www.liverpoolecho.co.uk/news/liverpool-news/70th-anniversary-durning-road-bomb-3391399">Archived</a> from the original on 30 November 2020<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">15 November</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Liverpool+Echo&rft.atitle=70th+anniversary+of+Durning+Road+bomb+disaster+that+claimed+166+Liverpool+lives&rft.date=2010-11-25&rft.aulast=Waddington&rft.aufirst=Marc&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.liverpoolecho.co.uk%2Fnews%2Fliverpool-news%2F70th-anniversary-durning-road-bomb-3391399&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALiverpool+Blitz" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-nwlg-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-nwlg_7-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-nwlg_7-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-nwlg_7-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110124113401/http://www.nwlg.org/resources/liverpool_blitz/page02_2.html">"Studenten Karriere Portal Ausbildung | NWLG-BLOG |"</a>. <i>Studium - Karriere - Ausbildung</i>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://nwlg.org/">the original</a> on 24 January 2011<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">15 November</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Studium+-+Karriere+-+Ausbildung&rft.atitle=Studenten+Karriere+Portal+Ausbildung+%26%23124%3B+NWLG-BLOG+%26%23124%3B&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fnwlg.org%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALiverpool+Blitz" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-8">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.citizan.org.uk/blog/2020/Mar/02/blitz-defence-formby/">"CITiZAN - Blogs - Blitz defence at Formby"</a>. <i>www.citizan.org.uk</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">9 August</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.citizan.org.uk&rft.atitle=CITiZAN+-+Blogs+-+Blitz+defence+at+Formby&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.citizan.org.uk%2Fblog%2F2020%2FMar%2F02%2Fblitz-defence-formby%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALiverpool+Blitz" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-9">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.citizan.org.uk/blog/2022/Feb/19/scars-war/">"CITiZAN - Blogs - The scars of war"</a>. <i>www.citizan.org.uk</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">9 August</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.citizan.org.uk&rft.atitle=CITiZAN+-+Blogs+-+The+scars+of+war&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.citizan.org.uk%2Fblog%2F2022%2FFeb%2F19%2Fscars-war%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALiverpool+Blitz" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-10">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.liverpoolecho.co.uk/liverpool-news/local-news/2011/04/30/liverpool-may-blitz-remembered-with-parade-and-ceremony-100252-28611545/">"Liverpool May Blitz remembered with parade and ceremony"</a>. Liverpool Echo. 30 April 2011. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20121013054831/http://www.liverpoolecho.co.uk/liverpool-news/local-news/2011/04/30/liverpool-may-blitz-remembered-with-parade-and-ceremony-100252-28611545/">Archived</a> from the original on 13 October 2012<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">22 August</span> 2013</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Liverpool+May+Blitz+remembered+with+parade+and+ceremony&rft.pub=Liverpool+Echo&rft.date=2011-04-30&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.liverpoolecho.co.uk%2Fliverpool-news%2Flocal-news%2F2011%2F04%2F30%2Fliverpool-may-blitz-remembered-with-parade-and-ceremony-100252-28611545%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALiverpool+Blitz" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-11">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.lmu.livjm.ac.uk/LHOL/content.aspx?itemid=150">Liverpool and the Blitz</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20080615131941/http://www.lmu.livjm.ac.uk/LHOL/content.aspx?itemid=150">Archived</a> 15 June 2008 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEWhittington-Egan198724-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEWhittington-Egan198724_13-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFWhittington-Egan1987">Whittington-Egan 1987</a>, p. 24.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-14">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20070927210221/http://www.mersey-gateway.org/server.php?show=ConNarrative.153&chapterId=1197">"E. Chambré Hardman Archive"</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.mersey-gateway.org/server.php?show=ConNarrative.153&chapterId=1197">the original</a> on 27 September 2007<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">7 February</span> 2012</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=E.+Chambr%C3%A9+Hardman+Archive&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.mersey-gateway.org%2Fserver.php%3Fshow%3DConNarrative.153%26chapterId%3D1197&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALiverpool+Blitz" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-iwm.org.uk-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-iwm.org.uk_15-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-iwm.org.uk_15-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.iwm.org.uk/history/the-liverpool-blitz">"The Liverpool Blitz"</a>. <i>Imperial War Museums</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20211108042303/https://www.iwm.org.uk/history/the-liverpool-blitz">Archived</a> from the original on 8 November 2021<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">15 November</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Imperial+War+Museums&rft.atitle=The+Liverpool+Blitz&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.iwm.org.uk%2Fhistory%2Fthe-liverpool-blitz&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALiverpool+Blitz" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-16">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190207015901/http://www.liverpoolmuseums.org.uk/maritime/exhibitions/blitz/may.aspx">"May Blitz - Merseyside Maritime Museum, Liverpool museums"</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.liverpoolmuseums.org.uk/maritime/exhibitions/blitz/may.aspx">the original</a> on 7 February 2019<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">5 February</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=May+Blitz+-+Merseyside+Maritime+Museum%2C+Liverpool+museums&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.liverpoolmuseums.org.uk%2Fmaritime%2Fexhibitions%2Fblitz%2Fmay.aspx&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALiverpool+Blitz" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-17">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.liverpoolmuseums.org.uk/nof/blitz/0500_info.html">The Liverpool Blitz at liverpool museums</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20070929091707/http://www.liverpoolmuseums.org.uk/nof/blitz/0500_info.html">Archived</a> 29 September 2007 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-18">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.liverpoolblitz70.co.uk/2011/04/18/bombing-of-the-co-op-shelter-bootle/">"Bombing of the Co-op Shelter, Bootle"</a>. <i>LIVERPOOL BLITZ 70</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180823042131/http://www.liverpoolblitz70.co.uk/2011/04/18/bombing-of-the-co-op-shelter-bootle/">Archived</a> from the original on 23 August 2018<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">27 August</span> 2018</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=LIVERPOOL+BLITZ+70&rft.atitle=Bombing+of+the+Co-op+Shelter%2C+Bootle&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.liverpoolblitz70.co.uk%2F2011%2F04%2F18%2Fbombing-of-the-co-op-shelter-bootle%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALiverpool+Blitz" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-19"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-19">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bbc.co.uk/liverpool/content/articles/2006/08/30/hitler_in_liverpool_feature.shtml">"The Scouse Hitler"</a>. <i>Bbc.co.uk</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120422211759/http://www.bbc.co.uk/liverpool/content/articles/2006/08/30/hitler_in_liverpool_feature.shtml">Archived</a> from the original on 22 April 2012<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">15 November</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Bbc.co.uk&rft.atitle=The+Scouse+Hitler&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.bbc.co.uk%2Fliverpool%2Fcontent%2Farticles%2F2006%2F08%2F30%2Fhitler_in_liverpool_feature.shtml&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALiverpool+Blitz" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-20"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-20">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120612082511/http://www.mersey-gateway.org/server.php?show=ConNarrative.153">"E. Chambré Hardman Archive"</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.mersey-gateway.org/server.php?show=ConNarrative.153">the original</a> on 12 June 2012<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">7 February</span> 2012</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=E.+Chambr%C3%A9+Hardman+Archive&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.mersey-gateway.org%2Fserver.php%3Fshow%3DConNarrative.153&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALiverpool+Blitz" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-21"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-21">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.liverpoolmuseums.org.uk/maritime/exhibitions/blitz/may.asp">The May Blitz at liverpool museums</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20050925054651/http://www.liverpoolmuseums.org.uk/maritime/exhibitions/blitz/may.asp">Archived</a> 25 September 2005 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-timesmay101941-22"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-timesmay101941_22-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-timesmay101941_22-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1">"Second Raid on Humber Area Many Casualties, Other Attacks in North Midlands". <i><a href="/wiki/The_Times" title="The Times">The Times</a></i>. 10 May 1941. p. 2.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Times&rft.atitle=Second+Raid+on+Humber+Area+Many+Casualties%2C+Other+Attacks+in+North+Midlands&rft.pages=2&rft.date=1941-05-10&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALiverpool+Blitz" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Chicago-23"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Chicago_23-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Chicago_23-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1">"Mary Lawson, British Actress, Killed in Raid". <i><a href="/wiki/Chicago_Tribune" title="Chicago Tribune">Chicago Tribune</a></i>. 10 May 1941. p. 8.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Chicago+Tribune&rft.atitle=Mary+Lawson%2C+British+Actress%2C+Killed+in+Raid&rft.pages=8&rft.date=1941-05-10&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALiverpool+Blitz" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Liverpool_Blitz&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://historyofliverpool.com/liverpool-blitz/">History of Liverpool Blitz</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.stlukeliverpool.co.uk">St Luke's Bombed Out Church Official Website</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190812100645/http://www.stlukeliverpool.co.uk/">Archived</a> 12 August 2019 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://liverpoolremembrance.weebly.com/blitz-photos-1.html">Photographs</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170223073547/http://liverpoolremembrance.weebly.com/blitz-photos-1.html">Archived</a> 23 February 2017 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=EZwAsxK4GvU">The May Blitz</a> on <a href="/wiki/YouTube" title="YouTube">YouTube</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20050925054651/http://www.liverpoolmuseums.org.uk/maritime/exhibitions/blitz/may.asp">Liverpool Museums, further information</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bbc.co.uk/dna/ww2/A1061885">BBC website with further information</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20050208014523/http://diduknow.info/blitz/0000_info.html">Additional information on the SS <i>Malakand</i></a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20080615142445/http://www.mersey-gateway.org/server.php?show=ConWebDoc.1201">Timeline</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20070429114334/http://geocities.com/johnhussey1@btinternet.com/blitz.htm">Some details of the Liverpool blitz from first hand accounts and the reason why Edge Hill was a particular target.</a></li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="The_Blitz" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:The_Blitz" title="Template:The Blitz"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:The_Blitz" title="Template talk:The Blitz"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:The_Blitz" title="Special:EditPage/Template:The Blitz"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="The_Blitz" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/The_Blitz" title="The Blitz">The Blitz</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Towns and Cities</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Barrow_Blitz" title="Barrow Blitz">Barrow</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bath_Blitz" title="Bath Blitz">Bath</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Belfast_Blitz" title="Belfast Blitz">Belfast</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Birmingham_Blitz" title="Birmingham Blitz">Birmingham</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bournemouth_Blitz" title="Bournemouth Blitz">Bournemouth</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brighton_Blitz" title="Brighton Blitz">Brighton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bristol_Blitz" title="Bristol Blitz">Bristol</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cardiff_Blitz" title="Cardiff Blitz">Cardiff</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Clydebank_Blitz" title="Clydebank Blitz">Clydebank</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Coventry_Blitz" title="Coventry Blitz">Coventry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Greenock_Blitz" title="Greenock Blitz">Greenock</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hull_Blitz" title="Hull Blitz">Hull</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Leeds_Blitz" title="Leeds Blitz">Leeds</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Liverpool</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Blitz" title="The Blitz">London</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Manchester_Blitz" title="Manchester Blitz">Manchester</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Newcastle_Blitz" title="Newcastle Blitz">Newcastle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Norwich_Blitz" title="Norwich Blitz">Norwich</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nottingham_Blitz" title="Nottingham Blitz">Nottingham</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nuneaton#Second_World_War" title="Nuneaton">Nuneaton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Plymouth_Blitz" title="Plymouth Blitz">Plymouth</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sheffield_Blitz" title="Sheffield Blitz">Sheffield</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sunderland_Blitz" title="Sunderland Blitz">Sunderland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Southampton_Blitz" title="Southampton Blitz">Southampton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Swansea_Blitz" title="Swansea Blitz">Swansea</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Related topics</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Air_raid_shelter" title="Air raid shelter">Air raid shelter</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Air_raid_shelter#Anderson_shelter" title="Air raid shelter">Anderson shelter</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Air_raid_shelter#Morrison_shelter" title="Air raid shelter">Morrison shelter</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_the_Beams" title="Battle of the Beams">Battle of the Beams</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Blackout_(wartime)" title="Blackout (wartime)">Blackout</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Baedeker_Blitz" title="Baedeker Blitz">Baedeker Blitz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Evacuations_of_civilians_in_Britain_during_World_War_II" title="Evacuations of civilians in Britain during World War II">Evacuation of civilians</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Starfish_site" title="Starfish site">Starfish (decoy) sites</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trekking_during_the_Blitz" title="Trekking during the Blitz">Trekking</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Organisations</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Air_Raid_Precautions" title="Air Raid Precautions">Air Raid Precautions</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anti-Aircraft_Command" title="Anti-Aircraft Command">Anti-Aircraft Command</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/American_Ambulance_Great_Britain" title="American Ambulance Great Britain">American Ambulance Great Britain</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Auxiliary_Fire_Service" title="Auxiliary Fire Service">Auxiliary Fire Service</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Civil_Defence_Service" title="Civil Defence Service">Civil Defence Service</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Fire_Service" title="National Fire Service">National Fire Service</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/War_Damage_Commission" title="War Damage Commission">War Damage Commission</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Royal_Voluntary_Service" title="Royal Voluntary Service">Women's Voluntary Service</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Strategic_bombing_during_World_War_II" style=";wide;padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2" style="background-color:#C3D6EF;color:inherit;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Strategic_bombing_during_World_War_II" title="Template:Strategic bombing during World War II"><abbr title="View this template" style="color:inherit">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Strategic_bombing_during_World_War_II" title="Template talk:Strategic bombing during World War II"><abbr title="Discuss this template" style="color:inherit">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Strategic_bombing_during_World_War_II" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Strategic bombing during World War II"><abbr title="Edit this template" style="color:inherit">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Strategic_bombing_during_World_War_II" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Strategic_bombing_during_World_War_II" title="Strategic bombing during World War II">Strategic bombing during World War II</a></div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2" style="background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;"><div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Area_bombardment" title="Area bombardment">Area bombardment</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aerial_bombing_of_cities#Aerial_bombing_during_World_War_II" title="Aerial bombing of cities">Aerial bombing of cities</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Area_bombing_directive" title="Area bombing directive">Area bombing directive</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Firestorm" title="Firestorm">Firestorm</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Strategic_bombing" title="Strategic bombing">Strategic bombing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/V-weapons" title="V-weapons">V-weapons</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;"><a href="/wiki/European_theatre_of_World_War_II" title="European theatre of World War II">European theatre</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:6.5em;font-weight:normal;">Austria</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bombing_of_Innsbruck_in_World_War_II" title="Bombing of Innsbruck in World War II">Innsbruck</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bombing_of_Vienna_in_World_War_II" title="Bombing of Vienna in World War II">Vienna</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bombing_of_Wiener_Neustadt_in_World_War_II" title="Bombing of Wiener Neustadt in World War II">Wiener Neustadt</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:6.5em;font-weight:normal;">Denmark</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Aarhus_Air_Raid" title="Aarhus Air Raid">Aarhus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Operation_Carthage" title="Operation Carthage">Copenhagen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nex%C3%B8#Allied_air_attacks" title="Nexø">Nexø</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/R%C3%B8nne#Allied_air_attacks" title="Rønne">Rønne</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:6.5em;font-weight:normal;">Estonia</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bombing_of_Narva_in_World_War_II" title="Bombing of Narva in World War II">Narva</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bombing_of_Tallinn_in_World_War_II" title="Bombing of Tallinn in World War II">Tallinn</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:6.5em;font-weight:normal;">France</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Operation_Charnwood#Preliminary_attacks" title="Operation Charnwood">Caen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Operation_Astonia#Allied_preparations" title="Operation Astonia">Le Havre</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Royan#Destruction" title="Royan">Royan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saint-Leu-d%27Esserent" title="Saint-Leu-d'Esserent">Saint-Leu-d'Esserent</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:6.5em;font-weight:normal;">Germany</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:6.5em;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_the_Ruhr" title="Battle of the Ruhr">Battle of<br /> the Ruhr</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bochum#Allied_air_attacks" title="Bochum">Bochum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bombing_of_Cologne_in_World_War_II" title="Bombing of Cologne in World War II">Cologne</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dortmund#Allied_air_attacks" title="Dortmund">Dortmund</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bombing_of_Duisburg_in_World_War_II" title="Bombing of Duisburg in World War II">Duisburg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bombing_of_D%C3%BCsseldorf_in_World_War_II" title="Bombing of Düsseldorf in World War II">Düsseldorf</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bombing_of_Essen_in_World_War_II" title="Bombing of Essen in World War II">Essen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gelsenkirchen#Nazi_Germany" title="Gelsenkirchen">Gelsenkirchen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Krefeld#Allied_air_attacks" title="Krefeld">Krefeld</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bombing_of_Wuppertal_in_World_War_II" title="Bombing of Wuppertal in World War II">Wuppertal</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:6.5em;font-weight:normal;">Other cities</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Aachen#World_War_II" title="Aachen">Aachen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bombing_of_Augsburg_in_World_War_II" title="Bombing of Augsburg in World War II">Augsburg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aschersleben#Allied_air_attacks" title="Aschersleben">Aschersleben</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bombing_of_Baden-Baden_in_World_War_II" title="Bombing of Baden-Baden in World War II">Baden-Baden</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bombing_of_Bamberg" title="Bombing of Bamberg">Bamberg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bombing_of_Berlin_in_World_War_II" title="Bombing of Berlin in World War II">Berlin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bocholt,_Germany#Allied_air_attack" title="Bocholt, Germany">Bocholt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bombing_of_Braunschweig_(October_1944)" class="mw-redirect" title="Bombing of Braunschweig (October 1944)">Braunschweig</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bombing_of_Bremen_in_World_War_II" title="Bombing of Bremen in World War II">Bremen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Siege_of_Breslau" title="Siege of Breslau">Breslau</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chemnitz#World_War_II" title="Chemnitz">Chemnitz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Crailsheim#Allied_air_attacks" title="Crailsheim">Crailsheim</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bombing_of_Darmstadt_in_World_War_II" title="Bombing of Darmstadt in World War II">Darmstadt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dessau#Allied_air_attacks" title="Dessau">Dessau</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bombing_of_Dietzenbach_in_World_War_II" title="Bombing of Dietzenbach in World War II">Dietzenbach</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bombing_of_Dresden" title="Bombing of Dresden">Dresden</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Emden#Allied_air_attacks" title="Emden">Emden</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bombing_of_Frankfurt_am_Main_in_World_War_II" title="Bombing of Frankfurt am Main in World War II">Frankfurt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bombing_of_Freiburg_on_10_May_1940" title="Bombing of Freiburg on 10 May 1940">Freiburg (Axis)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Operation_Tigerfish" title="Operation Tigerfish">Freiburg (Allies)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bombing_of_Friedrichshafen_in_World_War_II" title="Bombing of Friedrichshafen in World War II">Friedrichshafen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Giessen#Allied_air_attack" title="Giessen">Giessen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bombing_of_G%C3%B6ttingen" title="Bombing of Göttingen">Göttingen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Halberstadt#Allied_air_attacks" title="Halberstadt">Halberstadt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Halle_(Saale)#World_War_II_(1939–1945)" title="Halle (Saale)">Halle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bombing_of_Hamburg_in_World_War_II" title="Bombing of Hamburg in World War II">Hamburg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bombing_of_Hanau_in_World_War_II" title="Bombing of Hanau in World War II">Hanau</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bombing_of_Hanover_in_World_War_II" title="Bombing of Hanover in World War II">Hannover</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bombings_of_Heilbronn_in_World_War_II" title="Bombings of Heilbronn in World War II">Heilbronn</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bombing_of_Hildesheim_in_World_War_II" title="Bombing of Hildesheim in World War II">Hildesheim</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jena#Allied_air_attacks" title="Jena">Jena</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kaiserslautern#World_War_II" title="Kaiserslautern">Kaiserslautern</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Karlsruhe#Allied_air_attacks" title="Karlsruhe">Karlsruhe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bombing_of_Kassel_in_World_War_II" title="Bombing of Kassel in World War II">Kassel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kleve#Allied_air_attacks" title="Kleve">Kleve</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bombing_of_K%C3%B6nigsberg_in_World_War_II" title="Bombing of Königsberg in World War II">Königsberg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bombing_of_Leipzig_in_World_War_II" title="Bombing of Leipzig in World War II">Leipzig</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bombing_of_L%C3%BCbeck_in_World_War_II" title="Bombing of Lübeck in World War II">Lübeck</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bombing_of_Ludwigshafen_and_Oppau_in_World_War_II" title="Bombing of Ludwigshafen and Oppau in World War II">Ludwigshafen / Oppau</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bombing_of_L%C3%BCneburg" title="Bombing of Lüneburg">Lüneburg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bombing_of_Mainz_in_World_War_II" title="Bombing of Mainz in World War II">Mainz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Magdeburg#Allied_air_attacks" title="Magdeburg">Magdeburg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bombing_of_Mannheim_in_World_War_II" title="Bombing of Mannheim in World War II">Mannheim</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Moers#Allied_air_attack" title="Moers">Moers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/M%C3%BCnster#Allied_air_attacks" title="Münster">Münster</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bombing_of_Munich_in_World_War_II" title="Bombing of Munich in World War II">Munich</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bombing_of_Nordhausen_in_World_War_II" title="Bombing of Nordhausen in World War II">Nordhausen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bombing_of_Nuremberg_in_World_War_II" title="Bombing of Nuremberg in World War II">Nuremberg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bombing_of_Obersalzberg" title="Bombing of Obersalzberg">Obersalzberg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Osnabr%C3%BCck#Allied_air_attacks" title="Osnabrück">Osnabrück</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paderborn#Allied_air_attacks" title="Paderborn">Paderborn</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bombing_of_Peenem%C3%BCnde_in_World_War_II" title="Bombing of Peenemünde in World War II">Peenemünde</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bombing_of_Pforzheim_in_World_War_II" title="Bombing of Pforzheim in World War II">Pforzheim</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Potsdam#Allied_air_attacks" title="Potsdam">Potsdam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rostock#Allied_air_attack" title="Rostock">Rostock</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saarbr%C3%BCcken#World_War_II" title="Saarbrücken">Saarbrücken</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Schweinfurt#World_War_II" title="Schweinfurt">Schweinfurt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Siegen#Allied_air_attacks" title="Siegen">Siegen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bombing_of_Stralsund_in_World_War_II" class="mw-redirect" title="Bombing of Stralsund in World War II">Stralsund</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bombing_of_Stuttgart_in_World_War_II" title="Bombing of Stuttgart in World War II">Stuttgart</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bombing_of_Ulm_in_World_War_II" title="Bombing of Ulm in World War II">Ulm</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bombing_of_Wesel_in_World_War_II" title="Bombing of Wesel in World War II">Wesel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bombing_of_Wilhelmshaven_in_World_War_II" title="Bombing of Wilhelmshaven in World War II">Wilhelmshaven</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Worms,_Germany#Allied_air_attacks" title="Worms, Germany">Worms</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bombing_of_W%C3%BCrzburg_in_World_War_II" title="Bombing of Würzburg in World War II">Würzburg</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:6.5em;font-weight:normal;">Hungary</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Budapest#Allied_air_strikes" title="Budapest">Budapest</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bombing_of_Kassa" title="Bombing of Kassa">Kassa</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:6.5em;font-weight:normal;">Italy</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Alessandria#Allied_air_attacks" title="Alessandria">Alessandria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bombing_of_Ancona_in_World_War_II" title="Bombing of Ancona in World War II">Ancona</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Air_raid_on_Bari" title="Air raid on Bari">Bari</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Benevento#Allied_air_attacks" title="Benevento">Benevento</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bombing_of_Bologna_in_World_War_II" title="Bombing of Bologna in World War II">Bologna</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bombing_of_Cagliari_in_World_War_II" title="Bombing of Cagliari in World War II">Cagliari</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Monte_Cassino" title="Battle of Monte Cassino">Cassino</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Catania#Allied_air_attacks" title="Catania">Catania</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bombing_of_Ferrara_in_World_War_II" title="Bombing of Ferrara in World War II">Ferrara</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bombing_of_Foggia" title="Bombing of Foggia">Foggia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Air_raid_on_Frascati" title="Air raid on Frascati">Frascati</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bombing_of_Genoa_in_World_War_II" title="Bombing of Genoa in World War II">Genoa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bombing_of_Gorla" title="Bombing of Gorla">Gorla</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bombing_of_Grosseto_in_World_War_II" title="Bombing of Grosseto in World War II">Grosseto</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bombing_of_Livorno_in_World_War_II" title="Bombing of Livorno in World War II">Livorno</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Messina#Allied_air_attacks" title="Messina">Messina</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bombing_of_Milan_in_World_War_II" title="Bombing of Milan in World War II">Milan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bombing_of_Naples_in_World_War_II" title="Bombing of Naples in World War II">Naples</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bombing_of_Padua_in_World_War_II" title="Bombing of Padua in World War II">Padua</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bombing_of_Palermo_in_World_War_II" title="Bombing of Palermo in World War II">Palermo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bombing_of_Pescara_in_World_War_II" title="Bombing of Pescara in World War II">Pescara</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bombing_of_Pisa_in_World_War_II" title="Bombing of Pisa in World War II">Pisa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bombing_of_Reggio_Calabria_in_World_War_II" title="Bombing of Reggio Calabria in World War II">Reggio Calabria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Rimini_(1944)" title="Battle of Rimini (1944)">Rimini</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bombing_of_Rome_in_World_War_II" title="Bombing of Rome in World War II">Rome</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Terni#Allied_air_attacks" title="Terni">Terni</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bombing_of_Treviso_in_World_War_II" title="Bombing of Treviso in World War II">Treviso</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trieste#Allied_air_attacks" title="Trieste">Trieste</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bombing_of_Turin_in_World_War_II" title="Bombing of Turin in World War II">Turin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_Verona#20th_century" title="History of Verona">Verona</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bombing_of_Vicenza_in_World_War_II" title="Bombing of Vicenza in World War II">Vicenza</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Viterbo#Allied_air_attacks" title="Viterbo">Viterbo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bombing_of_Zadar_in_World_War_II" title="Bombing of Zadar in World War II">Zadar</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:6.5em;font-weight:normal;">Netherlands</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bombing_of_Amsterdam" title="Bombing of Amsterdam">Amsterdam (Axis)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Allied_bombings_of_Amsterdam-Noord" title="Allied bombings of Amsterdam-Noord">Amsterdam (Allied)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Operation_Oyster" title="Operation Oyster">Eindhoven</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Enschede#World_War_II" title="Enschede">Enschede</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bombing_of_Enkhuizen" title="Bombing of Enkhuizen">Enkhuizen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Zeeland#Bombing_of_Middelburg" title="Battle of Zeeland">Middelburg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bombing_of_Nijmegen" title="Bombing of Nijmegen">Nijmegen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/German_bombing_of_Rotterdam" title="German bombing of Rotterdam">Rotterdam (Axis)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Allied_bombing_of_Rotterdam_in_World_War_II" title="Allied bombing of Rotterdam in World War II">Rotterdam (Allied)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bombing_of_the_Bezuidenhout" title="Bombing of the Bezuidenhout">The Hague</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:6.5em;font-weight:normal;">Norway</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Hammerfest_(town)#Destruction_in_World_War_II" title="Hammerfest (town)">Hammerfest</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Namsos_campaign#Air_attacks" title="Namsos campaign">Namsos</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:6.5em;font-weight:normal;">Poland</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bombing_of_Frampol" title="Bombing of Frampol">Frampol</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bombing_of_Warsaw_in_World_War_II" title="Bombing of Warsaw in World War II">Warsaw</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bombing_of_Wielu%C5%84" title="Bombing of Wieluń">Wieluń</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:6.5em;font-weight:normal;">Romania</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bombing_of_Bucharest_in_World_War_II" title="Bombing of Bucharest in World War II">Bucharest</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Operation_Tidal_Wave" title="Operation Tidal Wave">Ploiești</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bombing_of_Timi%C8%99oara_in_World_War_II" title="Bombing of Timișoara in World War II">Timișoara</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:6.5em;font-weight:normal;">Soviet Union</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bombing_of_Gorky_in_World_War_II" title="Bombing of Gorky in World War II">Gorky</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Siege_of_Leningrad#Bombardment" title="Siege of Leningrad">Leningrad</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bombing_of_Minsk_in_World_War_II" title="Bombing of Minsk in World War II">Minsk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bombing_of_Stalingrad" title="Bombing of Stalingrad">Stalingrad</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:6.5em;font-weight:normal;">Switzerland</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bombings_of_Switzerland_in_World_War_II#Schaffhausen" class="mw-redirect" title="Bombings of Switzerland in World War II">Schaffhausen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bombings_of_Switzerland_in_World_War_II#Stein_am_Rhein" class="mw-redirect" title="Bombings of Switzerland in World War II">Stein am Rhein</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bombings_of_Switzerland_in_World_War_II#Zürich_and_Basel" class="mw-redirect" title="Bombings of Switzerland in World War II">Zürich and Basel</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:6.5em;font-weight:normal;">United<br />Kingdom</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Britain" title="Battle of Britain">Battle of Britain</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Baedeker_Blitz" title="Baedeker Blitz">Baedeker Blitz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Blitz" title="The Blitz">The Blitz</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Barrow_Blitz" title="Barrow Blitz">Barrow-in-Furness</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bath_Blitz" title="Bath Blitz">Bath</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Belfast_Blitz" title="Belfast Blitz">Belfast</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Birmingham_Blitz" title="Birmingham Blitz">Birmingham</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bournemouth_Blitz" title="Bournemouth Blitz">Bournemouth</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brighton_Blitz" title="Brighton Blitz">Brighton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bristol_Blitz" title="Bristol Blitz">Bristol</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cardiff_Blitz" title="Cardiff Blitz">Cardiff</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Clydebank_Blitz" title="Clydebank Blitz">Clydebank</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Coventry_Blitz" title="Coventry Blitz">Coventry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Exeter_Blitz" title="Exeter Blitz">Exeter</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Greenock_Blitz" title="Greenock Blitz">Greenock</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hull_Blitz" title="Hull Blitz">Hull</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Leeds_Blitz" title="Leeds Blitz">Leeds</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Liverpool</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Blitz" title="The Blitz">London</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Manchester_Blitz" title="Manchester Blitz">Manchester</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Norwich_Blitz" title="Norwich Blitz">Norwich</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nottingham_Blitz" title="Nottingham Blitz">Nottingham</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Plymouth_Blitz" title="Plymouth Blitz">Plymouth</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sheffield_Blitz" title="Sheffield Blitz">Sheffield</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Southampton_Blitz" title="Southampton Blitz">Southampton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Swansea_Blitz" title="Swansea Blitz">Swansea</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:6.5em;font-weight:normal;">Yugoslavia</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>Belgrade <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Operation_Retribution_(1941)" class="mw-redirect" title="Operation Retribution (1941)">1941</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bombing_of_Belgrade_(1944)" title="Bombing of Belgrade (1944)">1944</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bombing_of_Podgorica_in_World_War_II" title="Bombing of Podgorica in World War II">Podgorica</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bombing_of_Sarajevo_in_World_War_II" title="Bombing of Sarajevo in World War II">Sarajevo</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:6.5em;font-weight:normal;">Other cities</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bombing_of_Dublin_in_World_War_II" title="Bombing of Dublin in World War II">Dublin</a> (Ireland)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bombing_of_Helsinki_in_World_War_II" title="Bombing of Helsinki in World War II">Helsinki</a> (Finland)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bombing_of_Prague" title="Bombing of Prague">Prague</a> (Czechoslovakia)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bombing_of_Sofia_in_World_War_II" title="Bombing of Sofia in World War II">Sofia</a> (Bulgaria)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bombing_of_Zagreb_in_World_War_II" title="Bombing of Zagreb in World War II">Zagreb</a> (Croatia)</li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;"><a href="/wiki/Pacific_War" title="Pacific War">Pacific War</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th id="Burma" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:6.5em;font-weight:normal;">Burma</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Burma_campaign" title="Burma campaign">Burma campaign</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bombing_of_Mandalay_(1942)" title="Bombing of Mandalay (1942)">Mandalay</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bombing_of_Rangoon_in_World_War_II" title="Bombing of Rangoon in World War II">Allied Rangoon</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:6.5em;font-weight:normal;">China</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bombing_of_Chongqing" title="Bombing of Chongqing">Chongqing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Air_raids_on_Hong_Kong" title="Air raids on Hong Kong">Hong Kong</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Nanking" title="Battle of Nanking">Nanjing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Shanghai" title="Battle of Shanghai">Shanghai</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:6.5em;font-weight:normal;">Indonesia</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bombing_of_Sukabumi" title="Bombing of Sukabumi">Sukabumi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Operation_Transom" title="Operation Transom">Surabaya</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:6.5em;font-weight:normal;">Japan</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bombing_of_Akita_in_World_War_II" title="Bombing of Akita in World War II">Akita</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bombing_of_Aomori_in_World_War_II" title="Bombing of Aomori in World War II">Aomori</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bombing_of_Chiba_in_World_War_II" title="Bombing of Chiba in World War II">Chiba</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bombing_of_Fukui_in_World_War_II" title="Bombing of Fukui in World War II">Fukui</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bombing_of_Fukuoka" title="Bombing of Fukuoka">Fukuoka</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bombing_of_Gifu_in_World_War_II" title="Bombing of Gifu in World War II">Gifu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bombing_of_Hamamatsu_in_World_War_II" title="Bombing of Hamamatsu in World War II">Hamamatsu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bombing_of_Hiratsuka_in_World_War_II" title="Bombing of Hiratsuka in World War II">Hiratsuka</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Atomic_bombings_of_Hiroshima_and_Nagasaki" title="Atomic bombings of Hiroshima and Nagasaki">Atomic bombings of Hiroshima and Nagasaki</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bombing_of_Kobe_in_World_War_II" title="Bombing of Kobe in World War II">Kobe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bombing_of_K%C5%8Dfu_in_World_War_II" title="Bombing of Kōfu in World War II">Kōfu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bombing_of_Kumagaya" title="Bombing of Kumagaya">Kumagaya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bombing_of_Kure" title="Bombing of Kure">Kure</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bombing_of_Nagaoka" title="Bombing of Nagaoka">Nagaoka</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bombing_of_Nagoya" title="Bombing of Nagoya">Nagoya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Okinawa" title="Battle of Okinawa">Naha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bombing_of_Numazu_in_World_War_II" title="Bombing of Numazu in World War II">Numazu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bombing_of_Okazaki_in_World_War_II" title="Bombing of Okazaki in World War II">Okazaki</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bombing_of_Osaka" title="Bombing of Osaka">Osaka</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Operation_Cartwheel" title="Operation Cartwheel">Rabaul</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Operation_Cockpit" title="Operation Cockpit">Sabang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bombing_of_Sendai_during_World_War_II" class="mw-redirect" title="Bombing of Sendai during World War II">Sendai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bombing_of_Shizuoka_in_World_War_II" title="Bombing of Shizuoka in World War II">Shizuoka</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bombing_of_Tokyo" title="Bombing of Tokyo">Tokyo</a> (<a href="/wiki/Bombing_of_Tokyo_(10_March_1945)" title="Bombing of Tokyo (10 March 1945)">10 March 1945</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Toyohashi_Air_Raid" class="mw-redirect" title="Toyohashi Air Raid">Toyohashi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bombing_of_Toyokawa_in_World_War_II" title="Bombing of Toyokawa in World War II">Toyokawa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bombing_of_Utsunomiya_during_World_War_II" class="mw-redirect" title="Bombing of Utsunomiya during World War II">Utsunomiya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bombing_of_Yawata" class="mw-redirect" title="Bombing of Yawata">Yawata</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bombing_of_Yawata_(June_1944)" title="Bombing of Yawata (June 1944)">June 1944</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bombing_of_Yokkaichi_in_World_War_II" title="Bombing of Yokkaichi in World War II">Yokkaichi</a></li></ul> </div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th id="Colonies" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:4em;font-weight:normal;">Colonies</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Raid_on_Taipei" title="Raid on Taipei">Taihoku</a> (Taiwan)</li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:6.5em;font-weight:normal;">Singapore</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bombing_of_Singapore_(1941)" title="Bombing of Singapore (1941)">Allied Singapore</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bombing_of_Singapore_(1944%E2%80%931945)" title="Bombing of Singapore (1944–1945)">Axis Singapore</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:6.5em;font-weight:normal;">Australia</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Attack_on_Broome" title="Attack on Broome">Broome</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bombing_of_Darwin" title="Bombing of Darwin">Darwin</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:6.5em;font-weight:normal;">United States</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Attack_on_Pearl_Harbor" title="Attack on Pearl Harbor">Pearl Harbor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Dutch_Harbor" title="Battle of Dutch Harbor">Unalaska</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:6.5em;font-weight:normal;">Other cities</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bombing_of_Bangkok_in_World_War_II" title="Bombing of Bangkok in World War II">Bangkok</a> (Thailand)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Easter_Sunday_Raid" title="Easter Sunday Raid">Colombo</a> (Sri Lanka)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bombing_of_Kuala_Lumpur_(1945)" title="Bombing of Kuala Lumpur (1945)">Kuala Lumpur</a> (Malaysia)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Manila_(1945)" title="Battle of Manila (1945)">Manila</a> (Philippines)</li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;"><a href="/wiki/Mediterranean_and_Middle_East_theatre_of_World_War_II" title="Mediterranean and Middle East theatre of World War II">Mediterranean and<br />Middle East</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:6.5em;font-weight:normal;">Mandatory Palestine</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Italian_bombing_of_Mandatory_Palestine_in_World_War_II" title="Italian bombing of Mandatory Palestine in World War II">Acre</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Italian_bombing_of_Mandatory_Palestine_in_World_War_II" title="Italian bombing of Mandatory Palestine in World War II">Haifa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Italian_bombing_of_Mandatory_Palestine_in_World_War_II" title="Italian bombing of Mandatory Palestine in World War II">Jaffa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Italian_bombing_of_Mandatory_Palestine_in_World_War_II" title="Italian bombing of Mandatory Palestine in World War II">Tel Aviv</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:6.5em;font-weight:normal;">Other areas</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bombing_of_Bahrain_in_World_War_II" title="Bombing of Bahrain in World War II">Bahrain</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bombing_raids_on_Cyprus_during_World_War_II" title="Bombing raids on Cyprus during World War II">Cyprus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Military_history_of_Gibraltar_during_World_War_II#Italian_bombing_of_Gibraltar" title="Military history of Gibraltar during World War II">Gibraltar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Siege_of_Malta_(World_War_II)" title="Siege of Malta (World War II)">Malta</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;"><a href="/wiki/North_African_campaign" title="North African campaign">North Africa</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th id="Chad" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:6.5em;font-weight:normal;">Chad</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Sonderkommando_Blaich" title="Sonderkommando Blaich">Fort Lamy</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Retrieved from "<a dir="ltr" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Liverpool_Blitz&oldid=1239485282">https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Liverpool_Blitz&oldid=1239485282</a>"</div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface"><div id="mw-normal-catlinks" class="mw-normal-catlinks"><a href="/wiki/Help:Category" title="Help:Category">Categories</a>: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Battle_of_Britain" title="Category:Battle of Britain">Battle of Britain</a></li><li><a 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