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In the current study, α-Mangostin (AM) was isolated and its cell death mechanism was studied. HCS was undertaken to detect the nuclear condensation, mitochondrial membrane potential, cell permeability, and the release of cytochrome c. An investigation for reactive oxygen species formation was conducted using fluorescent analysis. To determine the mechanism of cell death, human apoptosis proteome profiler assay was conducted. In addition, using immunofluorescence and immunoblotting, the levels of Bcl-2-associated X protein (Bax) and B-cell lymphoma (Bcl)-2 proteins were also tested. Caspaces such as 3/7, 8, and 9 were assessed during treatment. Using HCS and Western blot, the contribution of nuclear factor kappa-B (NF-κB) was investigated. AM had showed a selective cytotoxicity toward the cancer cells with no toxicity toward the normal cells even at 30 µg/mL, thereby indicating that AM has the attributes to induce cell death in tumor cells. The treatment of MCF-7 cells with AM prompted apoptosis with cell death-transducing signals. This regulated the mitochondrial membrane potential by down-regulation of Bcl-2 and up-regulation of Bax, thereby causing the release of cytochrome c from the mitochondria into the cytosol. The liberation of cytochrome c activated caspace-9, which, in turn, activated the downstream executioner caspace-3/7 with the cleaved poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase protein, thereby leading to apoptotic alterations. Increase of caspace 8 had showed the involvement of an extrinsic pathway. This type of apoptosis was suggested to occur through both extrinsic and intrinsic pathways and prevention of translocation of NF-κB from the cytoplasm to the nucleus. Our results revealed AM prompt apoptosis of MCF-7 cells through NF-κB, Bax/Bcl-2 and heat shock protein 70 modulation with the contribution of caspaces. Moreover, ingestion of AM at (30 and 60 mg/kg) significantly reduced tumor size in an animal model of breast cancer. Our results suggest that AM is a potentially useful agent for the treatment of breast cancer.","publication_date":"2014,,","publication_name":"Drug Design, Development and Therapy","grobid_abstract_attachment_id":"46545980"},"document_type":"paper","pre_hit_view_count_baseline":null,"quality":"high","language":"en","title":"\u0026alpha;-Mangostin from Cratoxylum arborescens demonstrates apoptogenesis in MCF-7 with regulation of NF-\u0026kappa;B and Hsp70 protein modulation in vitro, and tumor reduction in vivo","broadcastable":true,"draft":null,"has_indexable_attachment":true,"indexable":true}}["work"]; window.loswp.workCoauthors = [28852143]; window.loswp.locale = "en"; window.loswp.countryCode = "SG"; window.loswp.cwvAbTestBucket = ""; window.loswp.designVariant = "ds_vanilla"; window.loswp.fullPageMobileSutdModalVariant = "full_page_mobile_sutd_modal"; window.loswp.useOptimizedScribd4genScript = false; window.loswp.appleClientId = 'edu.academia.applesignon';</script><script defer="" 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class="ds-top-related-works--grid-container"><div class="ds-related-content--container ds-top-related-works--container"><h2 class="ds-related-content--heading">Related papers</h2><div class="ds-related-work--container js-wsj-grid-card" data-collection-position="0" data-entity-id="15339879" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-wsj-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/15339879/%CE%B1_Mangostin_from_Cratoxylum_arborescens_demonstrates_apoptogenesis_in_MCF_7_with_regulation_of_NF_%CE%BAB_and_Hsp70_protein_modulation_in_vitro_and_tumor_reduction_in_vivo">α-Mangostin from Cratoxylum arborescens demonstrates apoptogenesis in MCF-7 with regulation of NF-κB and Hsp70 protein modulation in vitro, and tumor reduction in vivo</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="6545678" href="https://cardiff.academia.edu/MohamedIbrahim">Mohamed Ibrahim</a><span>, </span><a class="js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="34459209" href="https://independent.academia.edu/FirouzehDehghan">Firouzeh Dehghan</a><span>, </span><a class="js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="305137287" href="https://independent.academia.edu/NajihahHashim10">Najihah Hashim</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--metadata ds2-5-body-xs">Drug design, development and therapy, 2014</p><p class="ds-related-work--abstract ds2-5-body-sm">Cratoxylum arborescens is an equatorial plant belonging to the family Guttiferae. In the current study, α-Mangostin (AM) was isolated and its cell death mechanism was studied. HCS was undertaken to detect the nuclear condensation, mitochondrial membrane potential, cell permeability, and the release of cytochrome c. An investigation for reactive oxygen species formation was conducted using fluorescent analysis. To determine the mechanism of cell death, human apoptosis proteome profiler assay was conducted. In addition, using immunofluorescence and immunoblotting, the levels of Bcl-2-associated X protein (Bax) and B-cell lymphoma (Bcl)-2 proteins were also tested. Caspaces such as 3/7, 8, and 9 were assessed during treatment. Using HCS and Western blot, the contribution of nuclear factor kappa-B (NF-κB) was investigated. AM had showed a selective cytotoxicity toward the cancer cells with no toxicity toward the normal cells even at 30 μg/mL, thereby indicating that AM has the attribute...</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"α-Mangostin from Cratoxylum arborescens demonstrates apoptogenesis in MCF-7 with regulation of NF-κB and Hsp70 protein modulation in vitro, and tumor reduction in vivo","attachmentId":43319190,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/15339879/%CE%B1_Mangostin_from_Cratoxylum_arborescens_demonstrates_apoptogenesis_in_MCF_7_with_regulation_of_NF_%CE%BAB_and_Hsp70_protein_modulation_in_vitro_and_tumor_reduction_in_vivo","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-wsj-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/15339879/%CE%B1_Mangostin_from_Cratoxylum_arborescens_demonstrates_apoptogenesis_in_MCF_7_with_regulation_of_NF_%CE%BAB_and_Hsp70_protein_modulation_in_vitro_and_tumor_reduction_in_vivo"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-wsj-grid-card" data-collection-position="1" data-entity-id="49316799" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-wsj-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/49316799/Involvement_of_NF_%CE%BAB_and_Bcl2_Bax_signaling_pathways_in_the_apoptosis_of_MCF7_cells_induced_by_a_xanthone_compound_Pyranocycloartobiloxanthone_A">Involvement of NF-κB and Bcl2/Bax signaling pathways in the apoptosis of MCF7 cells induced by a xanthone compound Pyranocycloartobiloxanthone A</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="4348191" href="https://independent.academia.edu/NabilHarmal">Nabil Harmal</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--metadata ds2-5-body-xs">Phytomedicine, 2012</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"Involvement of NF-κB and Bcl2/Bax signaling pathways in the apoptosis of MCF7 cells induced by a xanthone compound Pyranocycloartobiloxanthone A","attachmentId":67693733,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/49316799/Involvement_of_NF_%CE%BAB_and_Bcl2_Bax_signaling_pathways_in_the_apoptosis_of_MCF7_cells_induced_by_a_xanthone_compound_Pyranocycloartobiloxanthone_A","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-wsj-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/49316799/Involvement_of_NF_%CE%BAB_and_Bcl2_Bax_signaling_pathways_in_the_apoptosis_of_MCF7_cells_induced_by_a_xanthone_compound_Pyranocycloartobiloxanthone_A"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-wsj-grid-card" data-collection-position="2" data-entity-id="30556512" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-wsj-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/30556512/Reactive_oxygen_species_generation_and_mitochondrial_dysfunction_in_the_apoptotic_cell_death_of_human_myeloid_leukemia_HL_60_cells_by_a_dietary_compound_withaferin_A_with_concomitant_protection_by_N_acetyl_cysteine">Reactive oxygen species generation and mitochondrial dysfunction in the apoptotic cell death of human myeloid leukemia HL-60 cells by a dietary compound withaferin A with concomitant protection by N-acetyl cysteine</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="8738723" href="https://du-in.academia.edu/AJAY_KUMAR">AJAY KUMAR</a><span>, </span><a class="js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="264527619" href="https://utrgv.academia.edu/SheemaKhan">Sheema Khan</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--metadata ds2-5-body-xs">Apoptosis, 2007</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline 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href="https://www.academia.edu/30556512/Reactive_oxygen_species_generation_and_mitochondrial_dysfunction_in_the_apoptotic_cell_death_of_human_myeloid_leukemia_HL_60_cells_by_a_dietary_compound_withaferin_A_with_concomitant_protection_by_N_acetyl_cysteine"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-wsj-grid-card" data-collection-position="3" data-entity-id="4408725" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-wsj-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/4408725/Induction_of_apoptosis_in_melanoma_A375_cells_by_a_chloroform_fraction_of_Centratherum_anthelminticum_L_seeds_involves_NF_kappaB_p53_and_Bcl_2_controlled_mitochondrial_signaling_pathways">Induction of apoptosis in melanoma A375 cells by a chloroform fraction of Centratherum anthelminticum (L.) seeds involves NF-kappaB, p53 and Bcl-2-controlled mitochondrial signaling pathways</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="135439" href="https://malaya.academia.edu/MohdMustafa">Mohd Rais Mustafa</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--metadata ds2-5-body-xs">BMC Complementary and Alternative Medicine, 2013</p><p class="ds-related-work--abstract ds2-5-body-sm">Background: Centratherum anthelminticum (L.) Kuntze (scientific synonyms: Vernonia anthelmintica; black cumin) is one of the ingredients of an Ayurvedic preparation, called “Kayakalp”, commonly applied to treat skin disorders in India and Southeast Asia. Despite its well known anti-inflammatory property on skin diseases, the anti-cancer effect of C. anthelminticum seeds on skin cancer is less documented. The present study aims to investigate the anti-cancer effect of Centratherum anthelminticum (L.) seeds chloroform fraction (CACF) on human melanoma cells and to elucidate the molecular mechanism involved. Methods: A chloroform fraction was extracted from C. anthelminticum (CACF). Bioactive compounds of the CACF were analyzed by liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS). Human melanoma cell line A375 was treated with CACF in vitro. Effects of CACF on growth inhibition, morphology, stress and survival of the cell were examined with MTT, high content screening (HSC) array scan and flow cytometry analyses. Involvement of intrinsic or extrinsic pathways in the CACF-induced A375 cell death mechanism was examined using a caspase luminescence assay. The results were further verified with different caspase inhibitors. In addition, Western blot analysis was performed to elucidate the changes in apoptosis-associated molecules. Finally, the effect of CACF on the NF-κB nuclear translocation ability was assayed. Results: The MTT assay showed that CACF dose-dependently inhibited cell growth of A375, while exerted less cytotoxic effect on normal primary epithelial melanocytes. We demonstrated that CACF induced cell growth inhibition through apoptosis, as evidenced by cell shrinkage, increased annexin V staining and formation of membrane blebs. CACF treatment also resulted in higher reactive oxygen species (ROS) production and lower Bcl-2 expression, leading to decrease mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP). Disruption of the MMP facilitated the release of mitochondrial cytochrome c, which activates caspase-9 and downstream caspase-3/7, resulting in DNA fragmentation and up-regulation of p53 in melanoma cells. Moreover, CACF prevented TNF-α-induced NF-κB nuclear translocation, which further committed A375 cells toward apoptosis. Conclusions: Together, our findings suggest CACF as a potential therapeutic agent against human melanoma malignancy.</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"Induction of apoptosis in melanoma A375 cells by a chloroform fraction of Centratherum anthelminticum (L.) seeds involves NF-kappaB, p53 and Bcl-2-controlled mitochondrial signaling pathways","attachmentId":31834867,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/4408725/Induction_of_apoptosis_in_melanoma_A375_cells_by_a_chloroform_fraction_of_Centratherum_anthelminticum_L_seeds_involves_NF_kappaB_p53_and_Bcl_2_controlled_mitochondrial_signaling_pathways","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-wsj-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/4408725/Induction_of_apoptosis_in_melanoma_A375_cells_by_a_chloroform_fraction_of_Centratherum_anthelminticum_L_seeds_involves_NF_kappaB_p53_and_Bcl_2_controlled_mitochondrial_signaling_pathways"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-wsj-grid-card" data-collection-position="4" data-entity-id="15339878" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-wsj-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/15339878/Involvement_of_NF_%CE%BAB_and_HSP70_signaling_pathways_in_the_apoptosis_of_MDA_MB_231_cells_induced_by_a_prenylated_xanthone_compound_%CE%B1_mangostin_from_Cratoxylum_arborescens">Involvement of NF-κB and HSP70 signaling pathways in the apoptosis of MDA-MB-231 cells induced by a prenylated xanthone compound, α-mangostin, from Cratoxylum arborescens</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="6545678" href="https://cardiff.academia.edu/MohamedIbrahim">Mohamed Ibrahim</a><span>, </span><a class="js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="34459209" href="https://independent.academia.edu/FirouzehDehghan">Firouzeh Dehghan</a><span>, </span><a class="js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="305137287" href="https://independent.academia.edu/NajihahHashim10">Najihah Hashim</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--metadata ds2-5-body-xs">Drug design, development and therapy, 2014</p><p class="ds-related-work--abstract ds2-5-body-sm">Cratoxylum arborescens has been used traditionally in Malaysia for the treatment of various ailments. α-Mangostin (AM) was isolated from C. arborescens and its cell death mechanism was investigated. AM-induced cytotoxicity was observed with the 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay. Acridine orange/propidium iodide staining and annexin V were used to detect cells in early phases of apoptosis. High-content screening was used to observe the nuclear condensation, cell permeability, mitochondrial membrane potential, and cytochrome c release. The role of caspases-3/7, -8, and -9, reactive oxygen species, Bcl-2 and Bax expression, and cell cycle arrest were also investigated. To determine the role of the central apoptosis-related proteins, a protein array followed by immunoblot analysis was conducted. Moreover, the involvement of nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-κB) was also analyzed. Apoptosis was confirmed by the apoptotic cells stained with annexin V and in...</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"Involvement of NF-κB and HSP70 signaling pathways in the apoptosis of MDA-MB-231 cells induced by a prenylated xanthone compound, α-mangostin, from Cratoxylum arborescens","attachmentId":43319181,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/15339878/Involvement_of_NF_%CE%BAB_and_HSP70_signaling_pathways_in_the_apoptosis_of_MDA_MB_231_cells_induced_by_a_prenylated_xanthone_compound_%CE%B1_mangostin_from_Cratoxylum_arborescens","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-wsj-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/15339878/Involvement_of_NF_%CE%BAB_and_HSP70_signaling_pathways_in_the_apoptosis_of_MDA_MB_231_cells_induced_by_a_prenylated_xanthone_compound_%CE%B1_mangostin_from_Cratoxylum_arborescens"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-wsj-grid-card" data-collection-position="5" data-entity-id="39930884" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-wsj-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/39930884/Molecular_Sciences_Apoptosis_A_Target_for_Anticancer_Therapy">Molecular Sciences Apoptosis: A Target for Anticancer Therapy</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="74948363" href="https://independent.academia.edu/RafaatKhalil">Rafaat Khalil</a></div><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"Molecular Sciences Apoptosis: A Target for Anticancer Therapy","attachmentId":60118622,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/39930884/Molecular_Sciences_Apoptosis_A_Target_for_Anticancer_Therapy","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-wsj-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/39930884/Molecular_Sciences_Apoptosis_A_Target_for_Anticancer_Therapy"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-wsj-grid-card" data-collection-position="6" data-entity-id="108098156" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-wsj-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/108098156/Apoptosis_A_Target_for_Anticancer_Therapy">Apoptosis: A Target for Anticancer Therapy</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="58883753" href="https://independent.academia.edu/AmareshwarSingh">Amareshwar Singh</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--metadata ds2-5-body-xs">International Journal of Molecular Sciences, 2018</p><p class="ds-related-work--abstract ds2-5-body-sm">Apoptosis, the cell’s natural mechanism for death, is a promising target for anticancer therapy. Both the intrinsic and extrinsic pathways use caspases to carry out apoptosis through the cleavage of hundreds of proteins. In cancer, the apoptotic pathway is typically inhibited through a wide variety of means including overexpression of antiapoptotic proteins and under-expression of proapoptotic proteins. Many of these changes cause intrinsic resistance to the most common anticancer therapy, chemotherapy. Promising new anticancer therapies are plant-derived compounds that exhibit anticancer activity through activating the apoptotic pathway.</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"Apoptosis: A Target for Anticancer Therapy","attachmentId":106573159,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/108098156/Apoptosis_A_Target_for_Anticancer_Therapy","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-wsj-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/108098156/Apoptosis_A_Target_for_Anticancer_Therapy"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-wsj-grid-card" data-collection-position="7" data-entity-id="97599088" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-wsj-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/97599088/Disturbances_in_the_Mechanism_of_Apoptosis_as_One_of_the_Causes_of_the_Development_of_Cancer_Diseases">Disturbances in the Mechanism of Apoptosis as One of the Causes of the Development of Cancer Diseases</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="36167440" href="https://independent.academia.edu/PawelRusin">Pawel Rusin</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--metadata ds2-5-body-xs">Studia Ecologiae et Bioethicae, 2020</p><p class="ds-related-work--abstract ds2-5-body-sm">Apoptosis is a genetically programmed process that affects all multicellular organisms. This mechanism of programmed cell death is designed to protect the body against uncontrolled proliferation of cells with impaired functions. Apoptosis can occur through two major pathways. The extrinsic, initiated by signals from the death receptor, and the intrinsic one, resulting from a change in the permeability of the external mitochondrial membrane due to stress factors promoting the initiation of programmed cell death. Apoptosis may be influenced by many factors that may lead to suppressing the initiation of apoptotic pathways, and the damaged cell will develop, divide, and over time transform into a cancerous cell. As a result, cancer cells will be resistant to the applied chemo- and radiotherapy. The mechanisms responsible for apoptosis regulation are impaired, what eliminates the effects of therapies aimed at initiating this type of cell death. New types of molecular therapies provide an...</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"Disturbances in the Mechanism of Apoptosis as One of the Causes of the Development of Cancer Diseases","attachmentId":99177175,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/97599088/Disturbances_in_the_Mechanism_of_Apoptosis_as_One_of_the_Causes_of_the_Development_of_Cancer_Diseases","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-wsj-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/97599088/Disturbances_in_the_Mechanism_of_Apoptosis_as_One_of_the_Causes_of_the_Development_of_Cancer_Diseases"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-wsj-grid-card" data-collection-position="8" data-entity-id="85118936" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-wsj-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/85118936/6_8_Dihydroxy_7_methoxy_1_methyl_azafluorenone_Induces_Caspase_8_and_9_mediated_Apoptosis_in_Human_Cancer_Cells">6,8-Dihydroxy-7-methoxy-1-methyl-azafluorenone Induces Caspase-8- and -9-mediated Apoptosis in Human Cancer Cells</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="180394947" href="https://independent.academia.edu/WilartPompimon">Wilart Pompimon</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--metadata ds2-5-body-xs">Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention, 2013</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"6,8-Dihydroxy-7-methoxy-1-methyl-azafluorenone Induces Caspase-8- and -9-mediated Apoptosis in Human Cancer Cells","attachmentId":89917949,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/85118936/6_8_Dihydroxy_7_methoxy_1_methyl_azafluorenone_Induces_Caspase_8_and_9_mediated_Apoptosis_in_Human_Cancer_Cells","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-wsj-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/85118936/6_8_Dihydroxy_7_methoxy_1_methyl_azafluorenone_Induces_Caspase_8_and_9_mediated_Apoptosis_in_Human_Cancer_Cells"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-wsj-grid-card" data-collection-position="9" data-entity-id="103501407" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-wsj-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/103501407/Chloroxylon_swietenia_Roxb_DC_induces_cell_death_and_apoptosis_by_down_regulating_the_NF_%CE%BAB_pathway_in_MCF_7_breast_cancer_cells_In_vitro_and_in_vivo_investigations">Chloroxylon swietenia (Roxb.) DC induces cell death and apoptosis by down‐regulating the NF‐κB pathway in MCF ‐7 breast cancer cells: In vitro and in vivo investigations</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="274103507" href="https://independent.academia.edu/SONALIKAMBLE55">SONALI KAMBLE</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--metadata ds2-5-body-xs">Cancer Reports, 2022</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"Chloroxylon swietenia (Roxb.) DC induces cell death and apoptosis by down‐regulating the NF‐κB pathway in MCF ‐7 breast cancer cells: In vitro and in vivo investigations","attachmentId":103491939,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/103501407/Chloroxylon_swietenia_Roxb_DC_induces_cell_death_and_apoptosis_by_down_regulating_the_NF_%CE%BAB_pathway_in_MCF_7_breast_cancer_cells_In_vitro_and_in_vivo_investigations","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-wsj-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/103501407/Chloroxylon_swietenia_Roxb_DC_induces_cell_death_and_apoptosis_by_down_regulating_the_NF_%CE%BAB_pathway_in_MCF_7_breast_cancer_cells_In_vitro_and_in_vivo_investigations"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div></div></div><div class="ds-sticky-ctas--wrapper js-loswp-sticky-ctas hidden"><div class="ds-sticky-ctas--grid-container"><div class="ds-sticky-ctas--container"><button class="ds2-5-button js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"continue-reading-button--sticky-ctas","attachmentId":46545980,"attachmentType":"pdf","workUrl":null}">See full PDF</button><button class="ds2-5-button ds2-5-button--secondary js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"download-pdf-button--sticky-ctas","attachmentId":46545980,"attachmentType":"pdf","workUrl":null}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 20px" translate="no">download</span>Download PDF</button></div></div></div><div class="ds-below-fold--grid-container"><div class="ds-work--container js-loswp-embedded-document"><div class="attachment_preview" data-attachment="Attachment_46545980" style="display: none"><div class="js-scribd-document-container"><div class="scribd--document-loading js-scribd-document-loader" style="display: block;"><img alt="Loading..." src="//a.academia-assets.com/images/loaders/paper-load.gif" /><p>Loading Preview</p></div></div><div style="text-align: center;"><div class="scribd--no-preview-alert js-preview-unavailable"><p>Sorry, preview is currently unavailable. You can download the paper by clicking the button above.</p></div></div></div></div><div class="ds-sidebar--container js-work-sidebar"><div class="ds-related-content--container"><h2 class="ds-related-content--heading">Related papers</h2><div class="ds-related-work--container js-related-work-sidebar-card" data-collection-position="0" data-entity-id="112113604" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-related-work-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/112113604/Activation_of_Apoptosis_by_1_Hydroxy_5_7_Dimethoxy_2_Naphthalene_Carboxaldehyde_a_Novel_Compound_from_i_Aegle_marmelos_i_">Activation of Apoptosis by 1-Hydroxy-5,7-Dimethoxy-2-Naphthalene-Carboxaldehyde, a Novel Compound from <i>Aegle marmelos</i></a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-related-work-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="30761569" href="https://independent.academia.edu/NMurmu">Nabendu Murmu</a></div><p 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href="https://www.academia.edu/112113604/Activation_of_Apoptosis_by_1_Hydroxy_5_7_Dimethoxy_2_Naphthalene_Carboxaldehyde_a_Novel_Compound_from_i_Aegle_marmelos_i_"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-related-work-sidebar-card" data-collection-position="1" data-entity-id="43134295" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-related-work-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/43134295/Induction_and_detection_of_apoptosis_in_breast_cancer_cells">Induction and detection of apoptosis in breast cancer cells</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-related-work-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="158821077" href="https://wits.academia.edu/RuanvanDeventer">Ruan van Deventer</a></div><div 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js-related-work-sidebar-card" data-collection-position="2" data-entity-id="24353006" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-related-work-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/24353006/Apoptosis_in_cancer">Apoptosis in cancer</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-related-work-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="46951448" href="https://independent.academia.edu/vivekvithya">vithya vivek</a></div><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"Apoptosis in cancer","attachmentId":44685882,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/24353006/Apoptosis_in_cancer","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span 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ds2-5-body-xs">Asian Journal of Ethnopharmacology and Medicinal Foods, 2018</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"A Traditional Poly Herbal Drug Induced Apoptosis via Caspase 3 Mediated Pathway in RD Cells but Caspase 3 Independent Pathway in MCF-7 Cells","attachmentId":58053998,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/38031688/A_Traditional_Poly_Herbal_Drug_Induced_Apoptosis_via_Caspase_3_Mediated_Pathway_in_RD_Cells_but_Caspase_3_Independent_Pathway_in_MCF_7_Cells","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-related-work-grid-card-view-pdf" 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(PDF) &alpha;-Mangostin from Cratoxylum arborescens demonstrates apoptogenesis in MCF-7 with regulation of NF-&kappa;B and Hsp70 protein modulation in vitro, and tumor reduction in vivo | Maizatul Yahayu - Academia.edu

(PDF) α-Mangostin from Cratoxylum arborescens demonstrates apoptogenesis in MCF-7 with regulation of NF-κB and Hsp70 protein modulation in vitro, and tumor reduction in vivo | Maizatul Yahayu - Academia.edu