CINXE.COM

<!DOCTYPE html> <html lang="en" data-color-mode="auto" data-light-theme="light" data-dark-theme="dark" data-a11y-animated-images="system" data-a11y-link-underlines="true" > <head> <meta charset="utf-8"> <link rel="dns-prefetch" href="https://github.githubassets.com"> <link rel="dns-prefetch" href="https://avatars.githubusercontent.com"> <link rel="dns-prefetch" href="https://github-cloud.s3.amazonaws.com"> <link rel="dns-prefetch" href="https://user-images.githubusercontent.com/"> <link rel="preconnect" href="https://github.githubassets.com" crossorigin> <link rel="preconnect" href="https://avatars.githubusercontent.com"> <link crossorigin="anonymous" media="all" rel="stylesheet" href="https://github.githubassets.com/assets/light-74231a1f3bbb.css" /><link crossorigin="anonymous" media="all" rel="stylesheet" href="https://github.githubassets.com/assets/dark-8a995f0bacd4.css" /><link data-color-theme="dark_dimmed" crossorigin="anonymous" media="all" rel="stylesheet" data-href="https://github.githubassets.com/assets/dark_dimmed-f37fb7684b1f.css" /><link data-color-theme="dark_high_contrast" crossorigin="anonymous" media="all" rel="stylesheet" data-href="https://github.githubassets.com/assets/dark_high_contrast-9ac301c3ebe5.css" /><link data-color-theme="dark_colorblind" crossorigin="anonymous" media="all" rel="stylesheet" data-href="https://github.githubassets.com/assets/dark_colorblind-cd826e8636dc.css" /><link data-color-theme="light_colorblind" crossorigin="anonymous" media="all" rel="stylesheet" data-href="https://github.githubassets.com/assets/light_colorblind-f91b0f603451.css" /><link data-color-theme="light_high_contrast" crossorigin="anonymous" media="all" rel="stylesheet" data-href="https://github.githubassets.com/assets/light_high_contrast-83beb16e0ecf.css" /><link data-color-theme="light_tritanopia" crossorigin="anonymous" media="all" rel="stylesheet" data-href="https://github.githubassets.com/assets/light_tritanopia-6e122dab64fc.css" /><link data-color-theme="dark_tritanopia" crossorigin="anonymous" media="all" rel="stylesheet" data-href="https://github.githubassets.com/assets/dark_tritanopia-18119e682df0.css" /> <link crossorigin="anonymous" media="all" rel="stylesheet" href="https://github.githubassets.com/assets/primer-primitives-225433424a87.css" /> <link crossorigin="anonymous" media="all" rel="stylesheet" href="https://github.githubassets.com/assets/primer-aaa714e5674d.css" /> <link crossorigin="anonymous" media="all" rel="stylesheet" href="https://github.githubassets.com/assets/global-7eaba1d4847c.css" /> <link crossorigin="anonymous" media="all" rel="stylesheet" href="https://github.githubassets.com/assets/github-ea73c9cb5377.css" /> <link crossorigin="anonymous" media="all" rel="stylesheet" href="https://github.githubassets.com/assets/staff-7d691607ec07.css" /> <link crossorigin="anonymous" media="all" rel="stylesheet" href="https://github.githubassets.com/assets/devtools-ed3c56d5f6b2.css" /> <link crossorigin="anonymous" media="all" rel="stylesheet" href="https://github.githubassets.com/assets/repository-4fce88777fa8.css" /> <link crossorigin="anonymous" media="all" rel="stylesheet" href="https://github.githubassets.com/assets/code-0210be90f4d3.css" /> <script type="application/json" id="client-env">{"locale":"en","featureFlags":["a11y_quote_reply_fix","copilot_immersive_issue_preview","copilot_new_references_ui","copilot_chat_repo_custom_instructions_preview","copilot_no_floating_button","copilot_topics_as_references","copilot_read_shared_conversation","copilot_duplicate_thread","copilot_buffered_streaming","dotcom_chat_client_side_skills","experimentation_azure_variant_endpoint","failbot_handle_non_errors","fgpat_form_ui_updates","geojson_azure_maps","ghost_pilot_confidence_truncation_25","ghost_pilot_confidence_truncation_40","github_models_o3_mini_streaming","insert_before_patch","issues_react_remove_placeholders","issues_react_blur_item_picker_on_close","marketing_pages_search_explore_provider","primer_react_css_modules_ga","react_data_router_pull_requests","remove_child_patch","sample_network_conn_type","swp_enterprise_contact_form","site_proxima_australia_update","viewscreen_sandbox","issues_react_create_milestone","issues_react_cache_fix_workaround","lifecycle_label_name_updates","copilot_task_oriented_assistive_prompts","issue_types_prevent_private_type_creation","refresh_image_video_src","react_router_dispose_on_disconnect","codespaces_prebuild_region_target_update","turbo_app_id_restore","copilot_code_review_sign_up_closed"]}</script> <script crossorigin="anonymous" defer="defer" type="application/javascript" src="https://github.githubassets.com/assets/wp-runtime-7a6c7e4a3b2d.js"></script> <script crossorigin="anonymous" defer="defer" type="application/javascript" src="https://github.githubassets.com/assets/vendors-node_modules_oddbird_popover-polyfill_dist_popover_js-9da652f58479.js"></script> <script crossorigin="anonymous" defer="defer" type="application/javascript" src="https://github.githubassets.com/assets/vendors-node_modules_github_arianotify-polyfill_ariaNotify-polyfill_js-node_modules_github_mi-3abb8f-46b9f4874d95.js"></script> <script crossorigin="anonymous" defer="defer" type="application/javascript" src="https://github.githubassets.com/assets/ui_packages_failbot_failbot_ts-75968cfb5298.js"></script> <script crossorigin="anonymous" defer="defer" type="application/javascript" src="https://github.githubassets.com/assets/environment-f04cb2a9fc8c.js"></script> <script crossorigin="anonymous" defer="defer" type="application/javascript" src="https://github.githubassets.com/assets/vendors-node_modules_primer_behaviors_dist_esm_index_mjs-0dbb79f97f8f.js"></script> <script crossorigin="anonymous" defer="defer" type="application/javascript" src="https://github.githubassets.com/assets/vendors-node_modules_github_selector-observer_dist_index_esm_js-f690fd9ae3d5.js"></script> <script crossorigin="anonymous" defer="defer" type="application/javascript" src="https://github.githubassets.com/assets/vendors-node_modules_github_relative-time-element_dist_index_js-62d275b7ddd9.js"></script> <script crossorigin="anonymous" defer="defer" type="application/javascript" src="https://github.githubassets.com/assets/vendors-node_modules_github_text-expander-element_dist_index_js-78748950cb0c.js"></script> <script crossorigin="anonymous" defer="defer" type="application/javascript" src="https://github.githubassets.com/assets/vendors-node_modules_github_auto-complete-element_dist_index_js-node_modules_github_catalyst_-8e9f78-a90ac05d2469.js"></script> <script crossorigin="anonymous" defer="defer" type="application/javascript" src="https://github.githubassets.com/assets/vendors-node_modules_github_filter-input-element_dist_index_js-node_modules_github_remote-inp-b5f1d7-a1760ffda83d.js"></script> <script crossorigin="anonymous" defer="defer" type="application/javascript" src="https://github.githubassets.com/assets/vendors-node_modules_github_markdown-toolbar-element_dist_index_js-ceef33f593fa.js"></script> <script crossorigin="anonymous" defer="defer" type="application/javascript" src="https://github.githubassets.com/assets/vendors-node_modules_github_file-attachment-element_dist_index_js-node_modules_primer_view-co-c44a69-efa32db3a345.js"></script> <script crossorigin="anonymous" defer="defer" type="application/javascript" src="https://github.githubassets.com/assets/github-elements-394f8eb34f19.js"></script> <script crossorigin="anonymous" defer="defer" type="application/javascript" src="https://github.githubassets.com/assets/element-registry-8206a1f1fc89.js"></script> <script crossorigin="anonymous" defer="defer" type="application/javascript" src="https://github.githubassets.com/assets/vendors-node_modules_braintree_browser-detection_dist_browser-detection_js-node_modules_githu-2906d7-2a07a295af40.js"></script> <script crossorigin="anonymous" defer="defer" type="application/javascript" src="https://github.githubassets.com/assets/vendors-node_modules_lit-html_lit-html_js-be8cb88f481b.js"></script> <script crossorigin="anonymous" defer="defer" type="application/javascript" src="https://github.githubassets.com/assets/vendors-node_modules_github_mini-throttle_dist_index_js-node_modules_morphdom_dist_morphdom-e-7c534c-a4a1922eb55f.js"></script> <script crossorigin="anonymous" defer="defer" type="application/javascript" src="https://github.githubassets.com/assets/vendors-node_modules_github_turbo_dist_turbo_es2017-esm_js-a03ee12d659a.js"></script> <script crossorigin="anonymous" defer="defer" type="application/javascript" src="https://github.githubassets.com/assets/vendors-node_modules_github_remote-form_dist_index_js-node_modules_delegated-events_dist_inde-893f9f-b6294cf703b7.js"></script> <script crossorigin="anonymous" defer="defer" type="application/javascript" src="https://github.githubassets.com/assets/vendors-node_modules_color-convert_index_js-e3180fe3bcb3.js"></script> <script crossorigin="anonymous" defer="defer" type="application/javascript" src="https://github.githubassets.com/assets/vendors-node_modules_github_quote-selection_dist_index_js-node_modules_github_session-resume_-947061-e7a6c4a19f98.js"></script> <script crossorigin="anonymous" defer="defer" type="application/javascript" src="https://github.githubassets.com/assets/ui_packages_updatable-content_updatable-content_ts-2a55124d5c52.js"></script> <script crossorigin="anonymous" defer="defer" type="application/javascript" src="https://github.githubassets.com/assets/app_assets_modules_github_behaviors_task-list_ts-app_assets_modules_github_sso_ts-ui_packages-900dde-768abe60b1f8.js"></script> <script crossorigin="anonymous" defer="defer" type="application/javascript" src="https://github.githubassets.com/assets/app_assets_modules_github_sticky-scroll-into-view_ts-3e000c5d31a9.js"></script> <script crossorigin="anonymous" defer="defer" type="application/javascript" src="https://github.githubassets.com/assets/app_assets_modules_github_behaviors_ajax-error_ts-app_assets_modules_github_behaviors_include-87a4ae-b8865f653f6b.js"></script> <script crossorigin="anonymous" defer="defer" type="application/javascript" src="https://github.githubassets.com/assets/app_assets_modules_github_behaviors_commenting_edit_ts-app_assets_modules_github_behaviors_ht-83c235-e429cff6ceb1.js"></script> <script crossorigin="anonymous" defer="defer" type="application/javascript" src="https://github.githubassets.com/assets/behaviors-8c474dd4309b.js"></script> <script crossorigin="anonymous" defer="defer" type="application/javascript" src="https://github.githubassets.com/assets/vendors-node_modules_delegated-events_dist_index_js-node_modules_github_catalyst_lib_index_js-f6223d90c7ba.js"></script> <script crossorigin="anonymous" defer="defer" type="application/javascript" src="https://github.githubassets.com/assets/notifications-global-01e85cd1be94.js"></script> <script crossorigin="anonymous" defer="defer" type="application/javascript" src="https://github.githubassets.com/assets/vendors-node_modules_github_mini-throttle_dist_index_js-node_modules_github_catalyst_lib_inde-dbbea9-26cce2010167.js"></script> <script crossorigin="anonymous" defer="defer" type="application/javascript" src="https://github.githubassets.com/assets/code-menu-1c0aedc134b1.js"></script> <script crossorigin="anonymous" defer="defer" type="application/javascript" src="https://github.githubassets.com/assets/primer-react-dee7fde768ad.js"></script> <script crossorigin="anonymous" defer="defer" type="application/javascript" src="https://github.githubassets.com/assets/react-core-a18127980111.js"></script> <script crossorigin="anonymous" defer="defer" type="application/javascript" src="https://github.githubassets.com/assets/react-lib-f1bca44e0926.js"></script> <script crossorigin="anonymous" defer="defer" type="application/javascript" src="https://github.githubassets.com/assets/octicons-react-cf2f2ab8dab4.js"></script> <script crossorigin="anonymous" defer="defer" type="application/javascript" src="https://github.githubassets.com/assets/vendors-node_modules_emotion_is-prop-valid_dist_emotion-is-prop-valid_esm_js-node_modules_emo-62da9f-2df2f32ec596.js"></script> <script crossorigin="anonymous" defer="defer" type="application/javascript" src="https://github.githubassets.com/assets/vendors-node_modules_github_mini-throttle_dist_index_js-node_modules_stacktrace-parser_dist_s-e7dcdd-9a233856b02c.js"></script> <script crossorigin="anonymous" defer="defer" type="application/javascript" src="https://github.githubassets.com/assets/vendors-node_modules_oddbird_popover-polyfill_dist_popover-fn_js-55fea94174bf.js"></script> <script crossorigin="anonymous" defer="defer" type="application/javascript" src="https://github.githubassets.com/assets/vendors-node_modules_dompurify_dist_purify_es_mjs-dd1d3ea6a436.js"></script> <script crossorigin="anonymous" defer="defer" type="application/javascript" src="https://github.githubassets.com/assets/vendors-node_modules_lodash-es__Stack_js-node_modules_lodash-es__Uint8Array_js-node_modules_l-4faaa6-4a736fde5c2f.js"></script> <script crossorigin="anonymous" defer="defer" type="application/javascript" src="https://github.githubassets.com/assets/vendors-node_modules_lodash-es__baseIsEqual_js-8929eb9718d5.js"></script> <script crossorigin="anonymous" defer="defer" type="application/javascript" src="https://github.githubassets.com/assets/vendors-node_modules_react-intersection-observer_react-intersection-observer_modern_mjs-node_-b27033-ba82cef135e3.js"></script> <script crossorigin="anonymous" defer="defer" type="application/javascript" src="https://github.githubassets.com/assets/vendors-node_modules_focus-visible_dist_focus-visible_js-node_modules_fzy_js_index_js-node_mo-f2fece-29a0ceccb1f1.js"></script> <script crossorigin="anonymous" defer="defer" type="application/javascript" src="https://github.githubassets.com/assets/ui_packages_aria-live_aria-live_ts-ui_packages_promise-with-resolvers-polyfill_promise-with-r-17c672-34345cb18aac.js"></script> <script crossorigin="anonymous" defer="defer" type="application/javascript" src="https://github.githubassets.com/assets/ui_packages_paths_index_ts-e019c54eb886.js"></script> <script crossorigin="anonymous" defer="defer" type="application/javascript" src="https://github.githubassets.com/assets/ui_packages_ref-selector_RefSelector_tsx-7496afc3784d.js"></script> <script crossorigin="anonymous" defer="defer" type="application/javascript" src="https://github.githubassets.com/assets/ui_packages_commit-attribution_index_ts-ui_packages_commit-checks-status_index_ts-ui_packages-7094d4-15017f02e61c.js"></script> <script crossorigin="anonymous" defer="defer" type="application/javascript" src="https://github.githubassets.com/assets/ui_packages_diffs_diff-parts_ts-b05d9274ce63.js"></script> <script crossorigin="anonymous" defer="defer" type="application/javascript" src="https://github.githubassets.com/assets/ui_packages_app-uuid_app-uuid_ts-ui_packages_document-metadata_document-metadata_ts-ui_packag-4d8de9-c9f824da1b03.js"></script> <script crossorigin="anonymous" defer="defer" type="application/javascript" src="https://github.githubassets.com/assets/ui_packages_code-view-shared_hooks_use-canonical-object_ts-ui_packages_code-view-shared_hooks-5f1d09-1ee828c2d6e8.js"></script> <script crossorigin="anonymous" defer="defer" type="application/javascript" src="https://github.githubassets.com/assets/app_assets_modules_github_blob-anchor_ts-ui_packages_code-nav_code-nav_ts-ui_packages_filter--8253c1-91468a3354f9.js"></script> <script crossorigin="anonymous" defer="defer" type="application/javascript" src="https://github.githubassets.com/assets/react-code-view-30fd2d0287aa.js"></script> <link crossorigin="anonymous" media="all" rel="stylesheet" href="https://github.githubassets.com/assets/primer-react.2708311ccb5cb34358b1.module.css" /> <link crossorigin="anonymous" media="all" rel="stylesheet" href="https://github.githubassets.com/assets/react-code-view.a0633e3d36c876a6eaa1.module.css" /> <script crossorigin="anonymous" defer="defer" type="application/javascript" src="https://github.githubassets.com/assets/notifications-subscriptions-menu-58a0c58bfee4.js"></script> <link crossorigin="anonymous" media="all" rel="stylesheet" href="https://github.githubassets.com/assets/primer-react.2708311ccb5cb34358b1.module.css" /> <link crossorigin="anonymous" media="all" rel="stylesheet" href="https://github.githubassets.com/assets/notifications-subscriptions-menu.1bcff9205c241e99cff2.module.css" /> <title>peps/peps/pep-3127.rst at main · python/peps · GitHub</title> <meta name="route-pattern" content="/:user_id/:repository/blob/*name(/*path)" data-turbo-transient> <meta name="route-controller" content="blob" data-turbo-transient> <meta name="route-action" content="show" data-turbo-transient> <meta name="current-catalog-service-hash" content="f3abb0cc802f3d7b95fc8762b94bdcb13bf39634c40c357301c4aa1d67a256fb"> <meta name="request-id" content="A24A:3A7418:F4BEE:13AD32:67E48635" data-pjax-transient="true"/><meta name="html-safe-nonce" content="fae2691e38b282837ca21427d2c31b5cdf5338ec8f946f777c3218fad6c8e5f4" data-pjax-transient="true"/><meta name="visitor-payload" content="eyJyZWZlcnJlciI6IiIsInJlcXVlc3RfaWQiOiJBMjRBOjNBNzQxODpGNEJFRToxM0FEMzI6NjdFNDg2MzUiLCJ2aXNpdG9yX2lkIjoiMjMzNzY0NTA5NjI5OTk1NTc2NSIsInJlZ2lvbl9lZGdlIjoic291dGhlYXN0YXNpYSIsInJlZ2lvbl9yZW5kZXIiOiJzb3V0aGVhc3Rhc2lhIn0=" data-pjax-transient="true"/><meta name="visitor-hmac" content="28254e665b5289fd93d36497f00ec05fffcdc16292e896a1699fb8ff50785603" data-pjax-transient="true"/> <meta name="hovercard-subject-tag" content="repository:13414105" data-turbo-transient> <meta name="github-keyboard-shortcuts" content="repository,source-code,file-tree,copilot" data-turbo-transient="true" /> <meta name="selected-link" value="repo_source" data-turbo-transient> <link rel="assets" href="https://github.githubassets.com/"> <meta name="google-site-verification" content="Apib7-x98H0j5cPqHWwSMm6dNU4GmODRoqxLiDzdx9I"> <meta name="octolytics-url" content="https://collector.github.com/github/collect" /> <meta name="analytics-location" content="/<user-name>/<repo-name>/blob/show" data-turbo-transient="true" /> <meta name="user-login" content=""> <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width"> <meta name="description" content="Python Enhancement Proposals. Contribute to python/peps development by creating an account on GitHub."> <link rel="search" type="application/opensearchdescription+xml" href="/opensearch.xml" title="GitHub"> <link rel="fluid-icon" href="https://github.com/fluidicon.png" title="GitHub"> <meta property="fb:app_id" content="1401488693436528"> <meta name="apple-itunes-app" content="app-id=1477376905, app-argument=https://github.com/python/peps/blob/main/peps/pep-3127.rst" /> <meta name="twitter:image" content="https://opengraph.githubassets.com/de84c6e484d165fff662f9d6390091dd3c7c9344597b32650fca6ee03e1f124b/python/peps" /><meta name="twitter:site" content="@github" /><meta name="twitter:card" content="summary_large_image" /><meta name="twitter:title" content="peps/peps/pep-3127.rst at main · python/peps" /><meta name="twitter:description" content="Python Enhancement Proposals. Contribute to python/peps development by creating an account on GitHub." /> <meta property="og:image" content="https://opengraph.githubassets.com/de84c6e484d165fff662f9d6390091dd3c7c9344597b32650fca6ee03e1f124b/python/peps" /><meta property="og:image:alt" content="Python Enhancement Proposals. Contribute to python/peps development by creating an account on GitHub." /><meta property="og:image:width" content="1200" /><meta property="og:image:height" content="600" /><meta property="og:site_name" content="GitHub" /><meta property="og:type" content="object" /><meta property="og:title" content="peps/peps/pep-3127.rst at main · python/peps" /><meta property="og:url" content="https://github.com/python/peps/blob/main/peps/pep-3127.rst" /><meta property="og:description" content="Python Enhancement Proposals. Contribute to python/peps development by creating an account on GitHub." /> <meta name="hostname" content="github.com"> <meta name="expected-hostname" content="github.com"> <meta http-equiv="x-pjax-version" content="087653dd5a8ec130258af5072895f1a9f99ddc27e67b0af621efb50383cfbb2e" data-turbo-track="reload"> <meta http-equiv="x-pjax-csp-version" content="77190eb53eb47fc30bd2fcc17a7eefa2dfd8505869fee9299ba911be3a40a9eb" data-turbo-track="reload"> <meta http-equiv="x-pjax-css-version" content="911af613659f2a8ff08d51fd492330c9e8a6ed8f0c4eb3c6632db43599431d16" data-turbo-track="reload"> <meta http-equiv="x-pjax-js-version" content="3a308e3d2711fb75c4a4fa0b4f50c7d9bf91da89ea6f04605975172f6cb7a56b" data-turbo-track="reload"> <meta name="turbo-cache-control" content="no-preview" data-turbo-transient=""> <meta name="turbo-cache-control" content="no-cache" data-turbo-transient> <meta data-hydrostats="publish"> <meta name="go-import" content="github.com/python/peps git https://github.com/python/peps.git"> <meta name="octolytics-dimension-user_id" content="1525981" /><meta name="octolytics-dimension-user_login" content="python" /><meta name="octolytics-dimension-repository_id" content="13414105" /><meta name="octolytics-dimension-repository_nwo" content="python/peps" /><meta name="octolytics-dimension-repository_public" content="true" /><meta name="octolytics-dimension-repository_is_fork" content="false" /><meta name="octolytics-dimension-repository_network_root_id" content="13414105" /><meta name="octolytics-dimension-repository_network_root_nwo" content="python/peps" /> <meta name="turbo-body-classes" content="logged-out env-production page-responsive"> <meta name="browser-stats-url" content="https://api.github.com/_private/browser/stats"> <meta name="browser-errors-url" content="https://api.github.com/_private/browser/errors"> <meta name="release" content="369b7040d9b48bc8f307abeaac27e902ae0e8a86"> <link rel="mask-icon" href="https://github.githubassets.com/assets/pinned-octocat-093da3e6fa40.svg" color="#000000"> <link rel="alternate icon" class="js-site-favicon" type="image/png" href="https://github.githubassets.com/favicons/favicon.png"> <link rel="icon" class="js-site-favicon" type="image/svg+xml" href="https://github.githubassets.com/favicons/favicon.svg" data-base-href="https://github.githubassets.com/favicons/favicon"> <meta name="theme-color" content="#1e2327"> <meta name="color-scheme" content="light dark" /> <link rel="manifest" href="/manifest.json" crossOrigin="use-credentials"> </head> <body class="logged-out env-production page-responsive" style="word-wrap: break-word;"> <div data-turbo-body class="logged-out env-production page-responsive" style="word-wrap: break-word;"> <div class="position-relative header-wrapper js-header-wrapper "> <a href="#start-of-content" data-skip-target-assigned="false" class="px-2 py-4 color-bg-accent-emphasis color-fg-on-emphasis show-on-focus js-skip-to-content">Skip to content</a> <span data-view-component="true" class="progress-pjax-loader Progress position-fixed width-full"> <span style="width: 0%;" data-view-component="true" class="Progress-item progress-pjax-loader-bar left-0 top-0 color-bg-accent-emphasis"></span> </span> <script crossorigin="anonymous" defer="defer" type="application/javascript" src="https://github.githubassets.com/assets/ui_packages_ui-commands_ui-commands_ts-2ea4e93613c0.js"></script> <script crossorigin="anonymous" defer="defer" type="application/javascript" src="https://github.githubassets.com/assets/keyboard-shortcuts-dialog-33dfb803e078.js"></script> <link crossorigin="anonymous" media="all" rel="stylesheet" href="https://github.githubassets.com/assets/primer-react.2708311ccb5cb34358b1.module.css" /> <react-partial partial-name="keyboard-shortcuts-dialog" data-ssr="false" data-attempted-ssr="false" > <script type="application/json" data-target="react-partial.embeddedData">{"props":{"docsUrl":"https://docs.github.com/get-started/accessibility/keyboard-shortcuts"}}</script> <div data-target="react-partial.reactRoot"></div> </react-partial> <script crossorigin="anonymous" defer="defer" type="application/javascript" src="https://github.githubassets.com/assets/vendors-node_modules_github_remote-form_dist_index_js-node_modules_delegated-events_dist_inde-94fd67-4898d1bf4b51.js"></script> <script crossorigin="anonymous" defer="defer" type="application/javascript" src="https://github.githubassets.com/assets/sessions-730dca81d0a2.js"></script> <header class="HeaderMktg header-logged-out js-details-container js-header Details f4 py-3" role="banner" data-is-top="true" data-color-mode=light data-light-theme=light data-dark-theme=dark> <h2 class="sr-only">Navigation Menu</h2> <button type="button" class="HeaderMktg-backdrop d-lg-none border-0 position-fixed top-0 left-0 width-full height-full js-details-target" aria-label="Toggle navigation"> <span class="d-none">Toggle navigation</span> </button> <div class="d-flex flex-column flex-lg-row flex-items-center px-3 px-md-4 px-lg-5 height-full position-relative z-1"> <div class="d-flex flex-justify-between flex-items-center width-full width-lg-auto"> <div class="flex-1"> <button aria-label="Toggle navigation" aria-expanded="false" type="button" data-view-component="true" class="js-details-target js-nav-padding-recalculate js-header-menu-toggle Button--link Button--medium Button d-lg-none color-fg-inherit p-1"> <span class="Button-content"> <span class="Button-label"><div class="HeaderMenu-toggle-bar rounded my-1"></div> <div class="HeaderMenu-toggle-bar rounded my-1"></div> <div class="HeaderMenu-toggle-bar rounded my-1"></div></span> </span> </button> </div> <a class="mr-lg-3 color-fg-inherit flex-order-2 js-prevent-focus-on-mobile-nav" href="/" aria-label="Homepage" data-analytics-event="{"category":"Marketing nav","action":"click to go to homepage","label":"ref_page:Marketing;ref_cta:Logomark;ref_loc:Header"}"> <svg height="32" aria-hidden="true" viewBox="0 0 24 24" version="1.1" width="32" data-view-component="true" class="octicon octicon-mark-github"> <path d="M12 1C5.9225 1 1 5.9225 1 12C1 16.8675 4.14875 20.9787 8.52125 22.4362C9.07125 22.5325 9.2775 22.2025 9.2775 21.9137C9.2775 21.6525 9.26375 20.7862 9.26375 19.865C6.5 20.3737 5.785 19.1912 5.565 18.5725C5.44125 18.2562 4.905 17.28 4.4375 17.0187C4.0525 16.8125 3.5025 16.3037 4.42375 16.29C5.29 16.2762 5.90875 17.0875 6.115 17.4175C7.105 19.0812 8.68625 18.6137 9.31875 18.325C9.415 17.61 9.70375 17.1287 10.02 16.8537C7.5725 16.5787 5.015 15.63 5.015 11.4225C5.015 10.2262 5.44125 9.23625 6.1425 8.46625C6.0325 8.19125 5.6475 7.06375 6.2525 5.55125C6.2525 5.55125 7.17375 5.2625 9.2775 6.67875C10.1575 6.43125 11.0925 6.3075 12.0275 6.3075C12.9625 6.3075 13.8975 6.43125 14.7775 6.67875C16.8813 5.24875 17.8025 5.55125 17.8025 5.55125C18.4075 7.06375 18.0225 8.19125 17.9125 8.46625C18.6138 9.23625 19.04 10.2125 19.04 11.4225C19.04 15.6437 16.4688 16.5787 14.0213 16.8537C14.42 17.1975 14.7638 17.8575 14.7638 18.8887C14.7638 20.36 14.75 21.5425 14.75 21.9137C14.75 22.2025 14.9563 22.5462 15.5063 22.4362C19.8513 20.9787 23 16.8537 23 12C23 5.9225 18.0775 1 12 1Z"></path> </svg> </a> <div class="flex-1 flex-order-2 text-right"> <a href="/login?return_to=https%3A%2F%2Fgithub.com%2Fpython%2Fpeps%2Fblob%2Fmain%2Fpeps%2Fpep-3127.rst" class="HeaderMenu-link HeaderMenu-button d-inline-flex d-lg-none flex-order-1 f5 no-underline border color-border-default rounded-2 px-2 py-1 color-fg-inherit js-prevent-focus-on-mobile-nav" data-hydro-click="{"event_type":"authentication.click","payload":{"location_in_page":"site header menu","repository_id":null,"auth_type":"SIGN_UP","originating_url":"https://github.com/python/peps/blob/main/peps/pep-3127.rst","user_id":null}}" data-hydro-click-hmac="e1f2f95b32c8ddac8255493963de927fed7e3359a983c727bfad744c5e923100" data-analytics-event="{"category":"Marketing nav","action":"click to Sign in","label":"ref_page:Marketing;ref_cta:Sign in;ref_loc:Header"}" > Sign in </a> </div> </div> <div class="HeaderMenu js-header-menu height-fit position-lg-relative d-lg-flex flex-column flex-auto top-0"> <div class="HeaderMenu-wrapper d-flex flex-column flex-self-start flex-lg-row flex-auto rounded rounded-lg-0"> <nav class="HeaderMenu-nav" aria-label="Global"> <ul class="d-lg-flex list-style-none"> <li class="HeaderMenu-item position-relative flex-wrap flex-justify-between flex-items-center d-block d-lg-flex flex-lg-nowrap flex-lg-items-center js-details-container js-header-menu-item"> <button type="button" class="HeaderMenu-link border-0 width-full width-lg-auto px-0 px-lg-2 py-lg-2 no-wrap d-flex flex-items-center flex-justify-between js-details-target" aria-expanded="false"> Product <svg opacity="0.5" aria-hidden="true" height="16" viewBox="0 0 16 16" version="1.1" width="16" data-view-component="true" class="octicon octicon-chevron-down HeaderMenu-icon ml-1"> <path d="M12.78 5.22a.749.749 0 0 1 0 1.06l-4.25 4.25a.749.749 0 0 1-1.06 0L3.22 6.28a.749.749 0 1 1 1.06-1.06L8 8.939l3.72-3.719a.749.749 0 0 1 1.06 0Z"></path> </svg> </button> <div class="HeaderMenu-dropdown dropdown-menu rounded m-0 p-0 pt-2 pt-lg-4 position-relative position-lg-absolute left-0 left-lg-n3 pb-2 pb-lg-4 d-lg-flex flex-wrap dropdown-menu-wide"> <div class="HeaderMenu-column px-lg-4 border-lg-right mb-4 mb-lg-0 pr-lg-7"> <div class="border-bottom pb-3 pb-lg-0 border-lg-bottom-0"> <ul class="list-style-none f5" > <li> <a class="HeaderMenu-dropdown-link d-block no-underline position-relative py-2 Link--secondary d-flex flex-items-center Link--has-description pb-lg-3" data-analytics-event="{"location":"navbar","action":"github_copilot","context":"product","tag":"link","label":"github_copilot_link_product_navbar"}" href="https://github.com/features/copilot"> <svg aria-hidden="true" height="24" viewBox="0 0 24 24" version="1.1" width="24" data-view-component="true" class="octicon octicon-copilot color-fg-subtle mr-3"> <path d="M23.922 16.992c-.861 1.495-5.859 5.023-11.922 5.023-6.063 0-11.061-3.528-11.922-5.023A.641.641 0 0 1 0 16.736v-2.869a.841.841 0 0 1 .053-.22c.372-.935 1.347-2.292 2.605-2.656.167-.429.414-1.055.644-1.517a10.195 10.195 0 0 1-.052-1.086c0-1.331.282-2.499 1.132-3.368.397-.406.89-.717 1.474-.952 1.399-1.136 3.392-2.093 6.122-2.093 2.731 0 4.767.957 6.166 2.093.584.235 1.077.546 1.474.952.85.869 1.132 2.037 1.132 3.368 0 .368-.014.733-.052 1.086.23.462.477 1.088.644 1.517 1.258.364 2.233 1.721 2.605 2.656a.832.832 0 0 1 .053.22v2.869a.641.641 0 0 1-.078.256ZM12.172 11h-.344a4.323 4.323 0 0 1-.355.508C10.703 12.455 9.555 13 7.965 13c-1.725 0-2.989-.359-3.782-1.259a2.005 2.005 0 0 1-.085-.104L4 11.741v6.585c1.435.779 4.514 2.179 8 2.179 3.486 0 6.565-1.4 8-2.179v-6.585l-.098-.104s-.033.045-.085.104c-.793.9-2.057 1.259-3.782 1.259-1.59 0-2.738-.545-3.508-1.492a4.323 4.323 0 0 1-.355-.508h-.016.016Zm.641-2.935c.136 1.057.403 1.913.878 2.497.442.544 1.134.938 2.344.938 1.573 0 2.292-.337 2.657-.751.384-.435.558-1.15.558-2.361 0-1.14-.243-1.847-.705-2.319-.477-.488-1.319-.862-2.824-1.025-1.487-.161-2.192.138-2.533.529-.269.307-.437.808-.438 1.578v.021c0 .265.021.562.063.893Zm-1.626 0c.042-.331.063-.628.063-.894v-.02c-.001-.77-.169-1.271-.438-1.578-.341-.391-1.046-.69-2.533-.529-1.505.163-2.347.537-2.824 1.025-.462.472-.705 1.179-.705 2.319 0 1.211.175 1.926.558 2.361.365.414 1.084.751 2.657.751 1.21 0 1.902-.394 2.344-.938.475-.584.742-1.44.878-2.497Z"></path><path d="M14.5 14.25a1 1 0 0 1 1 1v2a1 1 0 0 1-2 0v-2a1 1 0 0 1 1-1Zm-5 0a1 1 0 0 1 1 1v2a1 1 0 0 1-2 0v-2a1 1 0 0 1 1-1Z"></path> </svg> <div> <div class="color-fg-default h4">GitHub Copilot</div> Write better code with AI </div> </a></li> <li> <a class="HeaderMenu-dropdown-link d-block no-underline position-relative py-2 Link--secondary d-flex flex-items-center Link--has-description pb-lg-3" data-analytics-event="{"location":"navbar","action":"security","context":"product","tag":"link","label":"security_link_product_navbar"}" href="https://github.com/features/security"> <svg aria-hidden="true" height="24" viewBox="0 0 24 24" version="1.1" width="24" data-view-component="true" class="octicon octicon-shield-check color-fg-subtle mr-3"> <path d="M16.53 9.78a.75.75 0 0 0-1.06-1.06L11 13.19l-1.97-1.97a.75.75 0 0 0-1.06 1.06l2.5 2.5a.75.75 0 0 0 1.06 0l5-5Z"></path><path d="m12.54.637 8.25 2.675A1.75 1.75 0 0 1 22 4.976V10c0 6.19-3.771 10.704-9.401 12.83a1.704 1.704 0 0 1-1.198 0C5.77 20.705 2 16.19 2 10V4.976c0-.758.489-1.43 1.21-1.664L11.46.637a1.748 1.748 0 0 1 1.08 0Zm-.617 1.426-8.25 2.676a.249.249 0 0 0-.173.237V10c0 5.46 3.28 9.483 8.43 11.426a.199.199 0 0 0 .14 0C17.22 19.483 20.5 15.461 20.5 10V4.976a.25.25 0 0 0-.173-.237l-8.25-2.676a.253.253 0 0 0-.154 0Z"></path> </svg> <div> <div class="color-fg-default h4">Security</div> Find and fix vulnerabilities </div> </a></li> <li> <a class="HeaderMenu-dropdown-link d-block no-underline position-relative py-2 Link--secondary d-flex flex-items-center Link--has-description pb-lg-3" data-analytics-event="{"location":"navbar","action":"actions","context":"product","tag":"link","label":"actions_link_product_navbar"}" href="https://github.com/features/actions"> <svg aria-hidden="true" height="24" viewBox="0 0 24 24" version="1.1" width="24" data-view-component="true" class="octicon octicon-workflow color-fg-subtle mr-3"> <path d="M1 3a2 2 0 0 1 2-2h6.5a2 2 0 0 1 2 2v6.5a2 2 0 0 1-2 2H7v4.063C7 16.355 7.644 17 8.438 17H12.5v-2.5a2 2 0 0 1 2-2H21a2 2 0 0 1 2 2V21a2 2 0 0 1-2 2h-6.5a2 2 0 0 1-2-2v-2.5H8.437A2.939 2.939 0 0 1 5.5 15.562V11.5H3a2 2 0 0 1-2-2Zm2-.5a.5.5 0 0 0-.5.5v6.5a.5.5 0 0 0 .5.5h6.5a.5.5 0 0 0 .5-.5V3a.5.5 0 0 0-.5-.5ZM14.5 14a.5.5 0 0 0-.5.5V21a.5.5 0 0 0 .5.5H21a.5.5 0 0 0 .5-.5v-6.5a.5.5 0 0 0-.5-.5Z"></path> </svg> <div> <div class="color-fg-default h4">Actions</div> Automate any workflow </div> </a></li> <li> <a class="HeaderMenu-dropdown-link d-block no-underline position-relative py-2 Link--secondary d-flex flex-items-center Link--has-description pb-lg-3" data-analytics-event="{"location":"navbar","action":"codespaces","context":"product","tag":"link","label":"codespaces_link_product_navbar"}" href="https://github.com/features/codespaces"> <svg aria-hidden="true" height="24" viewBox="0 0 24 24" version="1.1" width="24" data-view-component="true" class="octicon octicon-codespaces color-fg-subtle mr-3"> <path d="M3.5 3.75C3.5 2.784 4.284 2 5.25 2h13.5c.966 0 1.75.784 1.75 1.75v7.5A1.75 1.75 0 0 1 18.75 13H5.25a1.75 1.75 0 0 1-1.75-1.75Zm-2 12c0-.966.784-1.75 1.75-1.75h17.5c.966 0 1.75.784 1.75 1.75v4a1.75 1.75 0 0 1-1.75 1.75H3.25a1.75 1.75 0 0 1-1.75-1.75ZM5.25 3.5a.25.25 0 0 0-.25.25v7.5c0 .138.112.25.25.25h13.5a.25.25 0 0 0 .25-.25v-7.5a.25.25 0 0 0-.25-.25Zm-2 12a.25.25 0 0 0-.25.25v4c0 .138.112.25.25.25h17.5a.25.25 0 0 0 .25-.25v-4a.25.25 0 0 0-.25-.25Z"></path><path d="M10 17.75a.75.75 0 0 1 .75-.75h6.5a.75.75 0 0 1 0 1.5h-6.5a.75.75 0 0 1-.75-.75Zm-4 0a.75.75 0 0 1 .75-.75h.5a.75.75 0 0 1 0 1.5h-.5a.75.75 0 0 1-.75-.75Z"></path> </svg> <div> <div class="color-fg-default h4">Codespaces</div> Instant dev environments </div> </a></li> <li> <a class="HeaderMenu-dropdown-link d-block no-underline position-relative py-2 Link--secondary d-flex flex-items-center Link--has-description pb-lg-3" data-analytics-event="{"location":"navbar","action":"issues","context":"product","tag":"link","label":"issues_link_product_navbar"}" href="https://github.com/features/issues"> <svg aria-hidden="true" height="24" viewBox="0 0 24 24" version="1.1" width="24" data-view-component="true" class="octicon octicon-issue-opened color-fg-subtle mr-3"> <path d="M12 1c6.075 0 11 4.925 11 11s-4.925 11-11 11S1 18.075 1 12 5.925 1 12 1ZM2.5 12a9.5 9.5 0 0 0 9.5 9.5 9.5 9.5 0 0 0 9.5-9.5A9.5 9.5 0 0 0 12 2.5 9.5 9.5 0 0 0 2.5 12Zm9.5 2a2 2 0 1 1-.001-3.999A2 2 0 0 1 12 14Z"></path> </svg> <div> <div class="color-fg-default h4">Issues</div> Plan and track work </div> </a></li> <li> <a class="HeaderMenu-dropdown-link d-block no-underline position-relative py-2 Link--secondary d-flex flex-items-center Link--has-description pb-lg-3" data-analytics-event="{"location":"navbar","action":"code_review","context":"product","tag":"link","label":"code_review_link_product_navbar"}" href="https://github.com/features/code-review"> <svg aria-hidden="true" height="24" viewBox="0 0 24 24" version="1.1" width="24" data-view-component="true" class="octicon octicon-code-review color-fg-subtle mr-3"> <path d="M10.3 6.74a.75.75 0 0 1-.04 1.06l-2.908 2.7 2.908 2.7a.75.75 0 1 1-1.02 1.1l-3.5-3.25a.75.75 0 0 1 0-1.1l3.5-3.25a.75.75 0 0 1 1.06.04Zm3.44 1.06a.75.75 0 1 1 1.02-1.1l3.5 3.25a.75.75 0 0 1 0 1.1l-3.5 3.25a.75.75 0 1 1-1.02-1.1l2.908-2.7-2.908-2.7Z"></path><path d="M1.5 4.25c0-.966.784-1.75 1.75-1.75h17.5c.966 0 1.75.784 1.75 1.75v12.5a1.75 1.75 0 0 1-1.75 1.75h-9.69l-3.573 3.573A1.458 1.458 0 0 1 5 21.043V18.5H3.25a1.75 1.75 0 0 1-1.75-1.75ZM3.25 4a.25.25 0 0 0-.25.25v12.5c0 .138.112.25.25.25h2.5a.75.75 0 0 1 .75.75v3.19l3.72-3.72a.749.749 0 0 1 .53-.22h10a.25.25 0 0 0 .25-.25V4.25a.25.25 0 0 0-.25-.25Z"></path> </svg> <div> <div class="color-fg-default h4">Code Review</div> Manage code changes </div> </a></li> <li> <a class="HeaderMenu-dropdown-link d-block no-underline position-relative py-2 Link--secondary d-flex flex-items-center Link--has-description pb-lg-3" data-analytics-event="{"location":"navbar","action":"discussions","context":"product","tag":"link","label":"discussions_link_product_navbar"}" href="https://github.com/features/discussions"> <svg aria-hidden="true" height="24" viewBox="0 0 24 24" version="1.1" width="24" data-view-component="true" class="octicon octicon-comment-discussion color-fg-subtle mr-3"> <path d="M1.75 1h12.5c.966 0 1.75.784 1.75 1.75v9.5A1.75 1.75 0 0 1 14.25 14H8.061l-2.574 2.573A1.458 1.458 0 0 1 3 15.543V14H1.75A1.75 1.75 0 0 1 0 12.25v-9.5C0 1.784.784 1 1.75 1ZM1.5 2.75v9.5c0 .138.112.25.25.25h2a.75.75 0 0 1 .75.75v2.19l2.72-2.72a.749.749 0 0 1 .53-.22h6.5a.25.25 0 0 0 .25-.25v-9.5a.25.25 0 0 0-.25-.25H1.75a.25.25 0 0 0-.25.25Z"></path><path d="M22.5 8.75a.25.25 0 0 0-.25-.25h-3.5a.75.75 0 0 1 0-1.5h3.5c.966 0 1.75.784 1.75 1.75v9.5A1.75 1.75 0 0 1 22.25 20H21v1.543a1.457 1.457 0 0 1-2.487 1.03L15.939 20H10.75A1.75 1.75 0 0 1 9 18.25v-1.465a.75.75 0 0 1 1.5 0v1.465c0 .138.112.25.25.25h5.5a.75.75 0 0 1 .53.22l2.72 2.72v-2.19a.75.75 0 0 1 .75-.75h2a.25.25 0 0 0 .25-.25v-9.5Z"></path> </svg> <div> <div class="color-fg-default h4">Discussions</div> Collaborate outside of code </div> </a></li> <li> <a class="HeaderMenu-dropdown-link d-block no-underline position-relative py-2 Link--secondary d-flex flex-items-center Link--has-description" data-analytics-event="{"location":"navbar","action":"code_search","context":"product","tag":"link","label":"code_search_link_product_navbar"}" href="https://github.com/features/code-search"> <svg aria-hidden="true" height="24" viewBox="0 0 24 24" version="1.1" width="24" data-view-component="true" class="octicon octicon-code-square color-fg-subtle mr-3"> <path d="M10.3 8.24a.75.75 0 0 1-.04 1.06L7.352 12l2.908 2.7a.75.75 0 1 1-1.02 1.1l-3.5-3.25a.75.75 0 0 1 0-1.1l3.5-3.25a.75.75 0 0 1 1.06.04Zm3.44 1.06a.75.75 0 1 1 1.02-1.1l3.5 3.25a.75.75 0 0 1 0 1.1l-3.5 3.25a.75.75 0 1 1-1.02-1.1l2.908-2.7-2.908-2.7Z"></path><path d="M2 3.75C2 2.784 2.784 2 3.75 2h16.5c.966 0 1.75.784 1.75 1.75v16.5A1.75 1.75 0 0 1 20.25 22H3.75A1.75 1.75 0 0 1 2 20.25Zm1.75-.25a.25.25 0 0 0-.25.25v16.5c0 .138.112.25.25.25h16.5a.25.25 0 0 0 .25-.25V3.75a.25.25 0 0 0-.25-.25Z"></path> </svg> <div> <div class="color-fg-default h4">Code Search</div> Find more, search less </div> </a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div class="HeaderMenu-column px-lg-4"> <div class="border-bottom pb-3 pb-lg-0 border-lg-bottom-0 border-bottom-0"> <span class="d-block h4 color-fg-default my-1" id="product-explore-heading">Explore</span> <ul class="list-style-none f5" aria-labelledby="product-explore-heading"> <li> <a class="HeaderMenu-dropdown-link d-block no-underline position-relative py-2 Link--secondary" data-analytics-event="{"location":"navbar","action":"all_features","context":"product","tag":"link","label":"all_features_link_product_navbar"}" href="https://github.com/features"> All features </a></li> <li> <a class="HeaderMenu-dropdown-link d-block no-underline position-relative py-2 Link--secondary Link--external" target="_blank" data-analytics-event="{"location":"navbar","action":"documentation","context":"product","tag":"link","label":"documentation_link_product_navbar"}" href="https://docs.github.com"> Documentation <svg aria-hidden="true" height="16" viewBox="0 0 16 16" version="1.1" width="16" data-view-component="true" class="octicon octicon-link-external HeaderMenu-external-icon color-fg-subtle"> <path d="M3.75 2h3.5a.75.75 0 0 1 0 1.5h-3.5a.25.25 0 0 0-.25.25v8.5c0 .138.112.25.25.25h8.5a.25.25 0 0 0 .25-.25v-3.5a.75.75 0 0 1 1.5 0v3.5A1.75 1.75 0 0 1 12.25 14h-8.5A1.75 1.75 0 0 1 2 12.25v-8.5C2 2.784 2.784 2 3.75 2Zm6.854-1h4.146a.25.25 0 0 1 .25.25v4.146a.25.25 0 0 1-.427.177L13.03 4.03 9.28 7.78a.751.751 0 0 1-1.042-.018.751.751 0 0 1-.018-1.042l3.75-3.75-1.543-1.543A.25.25 0 0 1 10.604 1Z"></path> </svg> </a></li> <li> <a class="HeaderMenu-dropdown-link d-block no-underline position-relative py-2 Link--secondary Link--external" target="_blank" data-analytics-event="{"location":"navbar","action":"github_skills","context":"product","tag":"link","label":"github_skills_link_product_navbar"}" href="https://skills.github.com"> GitHub Skills <svg aria-hidden="true" height="16" viewBox="0 0 16 16" version="1.1" width="16" data-view-component="true" class="octicon octicon-link-external HeaderMenu-external-icon color-fg-subtle"> <path d="M3.75 2h3.5a.75.75 0 0 1 0 1.5h-3.5a.25.25 0 0 0-.25.25v8.5c0 .138.112.25.25.25h8.5a.25.25 0 0 0 .25-.25v-3.5a.75.75 0 0 1 1.5 0v3.5A1.75 1.75 0 0 1 12.25 14h-8.5A1.75 1.75 0 0 1 2 12.25v-8.5C2 2.784 2.784 2 3.75 2Zm6.854-1h4.146a.25.25 0 0 1 .25.25v4.146a.25.25 0 0 1-.427.177L13.03 4.03 9.28 7.78a.751.751 0 0 1-1.042-.018.751.751 0 0 1-.018-1.042l3.75-3.75-1.543-1.543A.25.25 0 0 1 10.604 1Z"></path> </svg> </a></li> <li> <a class="HeaderMenu-dropdown-link d-block no-underline position-relative py-2 Link--secondary Link--external" target="_blank" data-analytics-event="{"location":"navbar","action":"blog","context":"product","tag":"link","label":"blog_link_product_navbar"}" href="https://github.blog"> Blog <svg aria-hidden="true" height="16" viewBox="0 0 16 16" version="1.1" width="16" data-view-component="true" class="octicon octicon-link-external HeaderMenu-external-icon color-fg-subtle"> <path d="M3.75 2h3.5a.75.75 0 0 1 0 1.5h-3.5a.25.25 0 0 0-.25.25v8.5c0 .138.112.25.25.25h8.5a.25.25 0 0 0 .25-.25v-3.5a.75.75 0 0 1 1.5 0v3.5A1.75 1.75 0 0 1 12.25 14h-8.5A1.75 1.75 0 0 1 2 12.25v-8.5C2 2.784 2.784 2 3.75 2Zm6.854-1h4.146a.25.25 0 0 1 .25.25v4.146a.25.25 0 0 1-.427.177L13.03 4.03 9.28 7.78a.751.751 0 0 1-1.042-.018.751.751 0 0 1-.018-1.042l3.75-3.75-1.543-1.543A.25.25 0 0 1 10.604 1Z"></path> </svg> </a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </li> <li class="HeaderMenu-item position-relative flex-wrap flex-justify-between flex-items-center d-block d-lg-flex flex-lg-nowrap flex-lg-items-center js-details-container js-header-menu-item"> <button type="button" class="HeaderMenu-link border-0 width-full width-lg-auto px-0 px-lg-2 py-lg-2 no-wrap d-flex flex-items-center flex-justify-between js-details-target" aria-expanded="false"> Solutions <svg opacity="0.5" aria-hidden="true" height="16" viewBox="0 0 16 16" version="1.1" width="16" data-view-component="true" class="octicon octicon-chevron-down HeaderMenu-icon ml-1"> <path d="M12.78 5.22a.749.749 0 0 1 0 1.06l-4.25 4.25a.749.749 0 0 1-1.06 0L3.22 6.28a.749.749 0 1 1 1.06-1.06L8 8.939l3.72-3.719a.749.749 0 0 1 1.06 0Z"></path> </svg> </button> <div class="HeaderMenu-dropdown dropdown-menu rounded m-0 p-0 pt-2 pt-lg-4 position-relative position-lg-absolute left-0 left-lg-n3 d-lg-flex flex-wrap dropdown-menu-wide"> <div class="HeaderMenu-column px-lg-4 border-lg-right mb-4 mb-lg-0 pr-lg-7"> <div class="border-bottom pb-3 pb-lg-0 border-lg-bottom-0 pb-lg-3 mb-3 mb-lg-0"> <span class="d-block h4 color-fg-default my-1" id="solutions-by-company-size-heading">By company size</span> <ul class="list-style-none f5" aria-labelledby="solutions-by-company-size-heading"> <li> <a class="HeaderMenu-dropdown-link d-block no-underline position-relative py-2 Link--secondary" data-analytics-event="{"location":"navbar","action":"enterprises","context":"solutions","tag":"link","label":"enterprises_link_solutions_navbar"}" href="https://github.com/enterprise"> Enterprises </a></li> <li> <a class="HeaderMenu-dropdown-link d-block no-underline position-relative py-2 Link--secondary" data-analytics-event="{"location":"navbar","action":"small_and_medium_teams","context":"solutions","tag":"link","label":"small_and_medium_teams_link_solutions_navbar"}" href="https://github.com/team"> Small and medium teams </a></li> <li> <a class="HeaderMenu-dropdown-link d-block no-underline position-relative py-2 Link--secondary" data-analytics-event="{"location":"navbar","action":"startups","context":"solutions","tag":"link","label":"startups_link_solutions_navbar"}" href="https://github.com/enterprise/startups"> Startups </a></li> <li> <a class="HeaderMenu-dropdown-link d-block no-underline position-relative py-2 Link--secondary" data-analytics-event="{"location":"navbar","action":"nonprofits","context":"solutions","tag":"link","label":"nonprofits_link_solutions_navbar"}" href="/solutions/industry/nonprofits"> Nonprofits </a></li> </ul> </div> <div class="border-bottom pb-3 pb-lg-0 border-lg-bottom-0"> <span class="d-block h4 color-fg-default my-1" id="solutions-by-use-case-heading">By use case</span> <ul class="list-style-none f5" aria-labelledby="solutions-by-use-case-heading"> <li> <a class="HeaderMenu-dropdown-link d-block no-underline position-relative py-2 Link--secondary" data-analytics-event="{"location":"navbar","action":"devsecops","context":"solutions","tag":"link","label":"devsecops_link_solutions_navbar"}" href="/solutions/use-case/devsecops"> DevSecOps </a></li> <li> <a class="HeaderMenu-dropdown-link d-block no-underline position-relative py-2 Link--secondary" data-analytics-event="{"location":"navbar","action":"devops","context":"solutions","tag":"link","label":"devops_link_solutions_navbar"}" href="/solutions/use-case/devops"> DevOps </a></li> <li> <a class="HeaderMenu-dropdown-link d-block no-underline position-relative py-2 Link--secondary" data-analytics-event="{"location":"navbar","action":"ci_cd","context":"solutions","tag":"link","label":"ci_cd_link_solutions_navbar"}" href="/solutions/use-case/ci-cd"> CI/CD </a></li> <li> <a class="HeaderMenu-dropdown-link d-block no-underline position-relative py-2 Link--secondary" data-analytics-event="{"location":"navbar","action":"view_all_use_cases","context":"solutions","tag":"link","label":"view_all_use_cases_link_solutions_navbar"}" href="/solutions/use-case"> View all use cases </a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div class="HeaderMenu-column px-lg-4"> <div class="border-bottom pb-3 pb-lg-0 border-lg-bottom-0"> <span class="d-block h4 color-fg-default my-1" id="solutions-by-industry-heading">By industry</span> <ul class="list-style-none f5" aria-labelledby="solutions-by-industry-heading"> <li> <a class="HeaderMenu-dropdown-link d-block no-underline position-relative py-2 Link--secondary" data-analytics-event="{"location":"navbar","action":"healthcare","context":"solutions","tag":"link","label":"healthcare_link_solutions_navbar"}" href="/solutions/industry/healthcare"> Healthcare </a></li> <li> <a class="HeaderMenu-dropdown-link d-block no-underline position-relative py-2 Link--secondary" data-analytics-event="{"location":"navbar","action":"financial_services","context":"solutions","tag":"link","label":"financial_services_link_solutions_navbar"}" href="/solutions/industry/financial-services"> Financial services </a></li> <li> <a class="HeaderMenu-dropdown-link d-block no-underline position-relative py-2 Link--secondary" data-analytics-event="{"location":"navbar","action":"manufacturing","context":"solutions","tag":"link","label":"manufacturing_link_solutions_navbar"}" href="/solutions/industry/manufacturing"> Manufacturing </a></li> <li> <a class="HeaderMenu-dropdown-link d-block no-underline position-relative py-2 Link--secondary" data-analytics-event="{"location":"navbar","action":"government","context":"solutions","tag":"link","label":"government_link_solutions_navbar"}" href="/solutions/industry/government"> Government </a></li> <li> <a class="HeaderMenu-dropdown-link d-block no-underline position-relative py-2 Link--secondary" data-analytics-event="{"location":"navbar","action":"view_all_industries","context":"solutions","tag":"link","label":"view_all_industries_link_solutions_navbar"}" href="/solutions/industry"> View all industries </a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div class="HeaderMenu-trailing-link rounded-bottom-2 flex-shrink-0 mt-lg-4 px-lg-4 py-4 py-lg-3 f5 text-semibold"> <a href="/solutions"> View all solutions <svg aria-hidden="true" height="16" viewBox="0 0 16 16" version="1.1" width="16" data-view-component="true" class="octicon octicon-chevron-right HeaderMenu-trailing-link-icon"> <path d="M6.22 3.22a.75.75 0 0 1 1.06 0l4.25 4.25a.75.75 0 0 1 0 1.06l-4.25 4.25a.751.751 0 0 1-1.042-.018.751.751 0 0 1-.018-1.042L9.94 8 6.22 4.28a.75.75 0 0 1 0-1.06Z"></path> </svg> </a> </div> </div> </li> <li class="HeaderMenu-item position-relative flex-wrap flex-justify-between flex-items-center d-block d-lg-flex flex-lg-nowrap flex-lg-items-center js-details-container js-header-menu-item"> <button type="button" class="HeaderMenu-link border-0 width-full width-lg-auto px-0 px-lg-2 py-lg-2 no-wrap d-flex flex-items-center flex-justify-between js-details-target" aria-expanded="false"> Resources <svg opacity="0.5" aria-hidden="true" height="16" viewBox="0 0 16 16" version="1.1" width="16" data-view-component="true" class="octicon octicon-chevron-down HeaderMenu-icon ml-1"> <path d="M12.78 5.22a.749.749 0 0 1 0 1.06l-4.25 4.25a.749.749 0 0 1-1.06 0L3.22 6.28a.749.749 0 1 1 1.06-1.06L8 8.939l3.72-3.719a.749.749 0 0 1 1.06 0Z"></path> </svg> </button> <div class="HeaderMenu-dropdown dropdown-menu rounded m-0 p-0 pt-2 pt-lg-4 position-relative position-lg-absolute left-0 left-lg-n3 pb-2 pb-lg-4 d-lg-flex flex-wrap dropdown-menu-wide"> <div class="HeaderMenu-column px-lg-4 border-lg-right mb-4 mb-lg-0 pr-lg-7"> <div class="border-bottom pb-3 pb-lg-0 border-lg-bottom-0"> <span class="d-block h4 color-fg-default my-1" id="resources-topics-heading">Topics</span> <ul class="list-style-none f5" aria-labelledby="resources-topics-heading"> <li> <a class="HeaderMenu-dropdown-link d-block no-underline position-relative py-2 Link--secondary" data-analytics-event="{"location":"navbar","action":"ai","context":"resources","tag":"link","label":"ai_link_resources_navbar"}" href="/resources/articles/ai"> AI </a></li> <li> <a class="HeaderMenu-dropdown-link d-block no-underline position-relative py-2 Link--secondary" data-analytics-event="{"location":"navbar","action":"devops","context":"resources","tag":"link","label":"devops_link_resources_navbar"}" href="/resources/articles/devops"> DevOps </a></li> <li> <a class="HeaderMenu-dropdown-link d-block no-underline position-relative py-2 Link--secondary" data-analytics-event="{"location":"navbar","action":"security","context":"resources","tag":"link","label":"security_link_resources_navbar"}" href="/resources/articles/security"> Security </a></li> <li> <a class="HeaderMenu-dropdown-link d-block no-underline position-relative py-2 Link--secondary" data-analytics-event="{"location":"navbar","action":"software_development","context":"resources","tag":"link","label":"software_development_link_resources_navbar"}" href="/resources/articles/software-development"> Software Development </a></li> <li> <a class="HeaderMenu-dropdown-link d-block no-underline position-relative py-2 Link--secondary" data-analytics-event="{"location":"navbar","action":"view_all","context":"resources","tag":"link","label":"view_all_link_resources_navbar"}" href="/resources/articles"> View all </a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div class="HeaderMenu-column px-lg-4"> <div class="border-bottom pb-3 pb-lg-0 border-lg-bottom-0 border-bottom-0"> <span class="d-block h4 color-fg-default my-1" id="resources-explore-heading">Explore</span> <ul class="list-style-none f5" aria-labelledby="resources-explore-heading"> <li> <a class="HeaderMenu-dropdown-link d-block no-underline position-relative py-2 Link--secondary Link--external" target="_blank" data-analytics-event="{"location":"navbar","action":"learning_pathways","context":"resources","tag":"link","label":"learning_pathways_link_resources_navbar"}" href="https://resources.github.com/learn/pathways"> Learning Pathways <svg aria-hidden="true" height="16" viewBox="0 0 16 16" version="1.1" width="16" data-view-component="true" class="octicon octicon-link-external HeaderMenu-external-icon color-fg-subtle"> <path d="M3.75 2h3.5a.75.75 0 0 1 0 1.5h-3.5a.25.25 0 0 0-.25.25v8.5c0 .138.112.25.25.25h8.5a.25.25 0 0 0 .25-.25v-3.5a.75.75 0 0 1 1.5 0v3.5A1.75 1.75 0 0 1 12.25 14h-8.5A1.75 1.75 0 0 1 2 12.25v-8.5C2 2.784 2.784 2 3.75 2Zm6.854-1h4.146a.25.25 0 0 1 .25.25v4.146a.25.25 0 0 1-.427.177L13.03 4.03 9.28 7.78a.751.751 0 0 1-1.042-.018.751.751 0 0 1-.018-1.042l3.75-3.75-1.543-1.543A.25.25 0 0 1 10.604 1Z"></path> </svg> </a></li> <li> <a class="HeaderMenu-dropdown-link d-block no-underline position-relative py-2 Link--secondary Link--external" target="_blank" data-analytics-event="{"location":"navbar","action":"events_amp_webinars","context":"resources","tag":"link","label":"events_amp_webinars_link_resources_navbar"}" href="https://resources.github.com"> Events & Webinars <svg aria-hidden="true" height="16" viewBox="0 0 16 16" version="1.1" width="16" data-view-component="true" class="octicon octicon-link-external HeaderMenu-external-icon color-fg-subtle"> <path d="M3.75 2h3.5a.75.75 0 0 1 0 1.5h-3.5a.25.25 0 0 0-.25.25v8.5c0 .138.112.25.25.25h8.5a.25.25 0 0 0 .25-.25v-3.5a.75.75 0 0 1 1.5 0v3.5A1.75 1.75 0 0 1 12.25 14h-8.5A1.75 1.75 0 0 1 2 12.25v-8.5C2 2.784 2.784 2 3.75 2Zm6.854-1h4.146a.25.25 0 0 1 .25.25v4.146a.25.25 0 0 1-.427.177L13.03 4.03 9.28 7.78a.751.751 0 0 1-1.042-.018.751.751 0 0 1-.018-1.042l3.75-3.75-1.543-1.543A.25.25 0 0 1 10.604 1Z"></path> </svg> </a></li> <li> <a class="HeaderMenu-dropdown-link d-block no-underline position-relative py-2 Link--secondary" data-analytics-event="{"location":"navbar","action":"ebooks_amp_whitepapers","context":"resources","tag":"link","label":"ebooks_amp_whitepapers_link_resources_navbar"}" href="https://github.com/resources/whitepapers"> Ebooks & Whitepapers </a></li> <li> <a class="HeaderMenu-dropdown-link d-block no-underline position-relative py-2 Link--secondary" data-analytics-event="{"location":"navbar","action":"customer_stories","context":"resources","tag":"link","label":"customer_stories_link_resources_navbar"}" href="https://github.com/customer-stories"> Customer Stories </a></li> <li> <a class="HeaderMenu-dropdown-link d-block no-underline position-relative py-2 Link--secondary Link--external" target="_blank" data-analytics-event="{"location":"navbar","action":"partners","context":"resources","tag":"link","label":"partners_link_resources_navbar"}" href="https://partner.github.com"> Partners <svg aria-hidden="true" height="16" viewBox="0 0 16 16" version="1.1" width="16" data-view-component="true" class="octicon octicon-link-external HeaderMenu-external-icon color-fg-subtle"> <path d="M3.75 2h3.5a.75.75 0 0 1 0 1.5h-3.5a.25.25 0 0 0-.25.25v8.5c0 .138.112.25.25.25h8.5a.25.25 0 0 0 .25-.25v-3.5a.75.75 0 0 1 1.5 0v3.5A1.75 1.75 0 0 1 12.25 14h-8.5A1.75 1.75 0 0 1 2 12.25v-8.5C2 2.784 2.784 2 3.75 2Zm6.854-1h4.146a.25.25 0 0 1 .25.25v4.146a.25.25 0 0 1-.427.177L13.03 4.03 9.28 7.78a.751.751 0 0 1-1.042-.018.751.751 0 0 1-.018-1.042l3.75-3.75-1.543-1.543A.25.25 0 0 1 10.604 1Z"></path> </svg> </a></li> <li> <a class="HeaderMenu-dropdown-link d-block no-underline position-relative py-2 Link--secondary" data-analytics-event="{"location":"navbar","action":"executive_insights","context":"resources","tag":"link","label":"executive_insights_link_resources_navbar"}" href="https://github.com/solutions/executive-insights"> Executive Insights </a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </li> <li class="HeaderMenu-item position-relative flex-wrap flex-justify-between flex-items-center d-block d-lg-flex flex-lg-nowrap flex-lg-items-center js-details-container js-header-menu-item"> <button type="button" class="HeaderMenu-link border-0 width-full width-lg-auto px-0 px-lg-2 py-lg-2 no-wrap d-flex flex-items-center flex-justify-between js-details-target" aria-expanded="false"> Open Source <svg opacity="0.5" aria-hidden="true" height="16" viewBox="0 0 16 16" version="1.1" width="16" data-view-component="true" class="octicon octicon-chevron-down HeaderMenu-icon ml-1"> <path d="M12.78 5.22a.749.749 0 0 1 0 1.06l-4.25 4.25a.749.749 0 0 1-1.06 0L3.22 6.28a.749.749 0 1 1 1.06-1.06L8 8.939l3.72-3.719a.749.749 0 0 1 1.06 0Z"></path> </svg> </button> <div class="HeaderMenu-dropdown dropdown-menu rounded m-0 p-0 pt-2 pt-lg-4 position-relative position-lg-absolute left-0 left-lg-n3 pb-2 pb-lg-4 px-lg-4"> <div class="HeaderMenu-column"> <div class="border-bottom pb-3 pb-lg-0 pb-lg-3 mb-3 mb-lg-0 mb-lg-3"> <ul class="list-style-none f5" > <li> <a class="HeaderMenu-dropdown-link d-block no-underline position-relative py-2 Link--secondary d-flex flex-items-center Link--has-description" data-analytics-event="{"location":"navbar","action":"github_sponsors","context":"open_source","tag":"link","label":"github_sponsors_link_open_source_navbar"}" href="/sponsors"> <div> <div class="color-fg-default h4">GitHub Sponsors</div> Fund open source developers </div> </a></li> </ul> </div> <div class="border-bottom pb-3 pb-lg-0 pb-lg-3 mb-3 mb-lg-0 mb-lg-3"> <ul class="list-style-none f5" > <li> <a class="HeaderMenu-dropdown-link d-block no-underline position-relative py-2 Link--secondary d-flex flex-items-center Link--has-description" data-analytics-event="{"location":"navbar","action":"the_readme_project","context":"open_source","tag":"link","label":"the_readme_project_link_open_source_navbar"}" href="https://github.com/readme"> <div> <div class="color-fg-default h4">The ReadME Project</div> GitHub community articles </div> </a></li> </ul> </div> <div class="border-bottom pb-3 pb-lg-0 border-bottom-0"> <span class="d-block h4 color-fg-default my-1" id="open-source-repositories-heading">Repositories</span> <ul class="list-style-none f5" aria-labelledby="open-source-repositories-heading"> <li> <a class="HeaderMenu-dropdown-link d-block no-underline position-relative py-2 Link--secondary" data-analytics-event="{"location":"navbar","action":"topics","context":"open_source","tag":"link","label":"topics_link_open_source_navbar"}" href="https://github.com/topics"> Topics </a></li> <li> <a class="HeaderMenu-dropdown-link d-block no-underline position-relative py-2 Link--secondary" data-analytics-event="{"location":"navbar","action":"trending","context":"open_source","tag":"link","label":"trending_link_open_source_navbar"}" href="https://github.com/trending"> Trending </a></li> <li> <a class="HeaderMenu-dropdown-link d-block no-underline position-relative py-2 Link--secondary" data-analytics-event="{"location":"navbar","action":"collections","context":"open_source","tag":"link","label":"collections_link_open_source_navbar"}" href="https://github.com/collections"> Collections </a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </li> <li class="HeaderMenu-item position-relative flex-wrap flex-justify-between flex-items-center d-block d-lg-flex flex-lg-nowrap flex-lg-items-center js-details-container js-header-menu-item"> <button type="button" class="HeaderMenu-link border-0 width-full width-lg-auto px-0 px-lg-2 py-lg-2 no-wrap d-flex flex-items-center flex-justify-between js-details-target" aria-expanded="false"> Enterprise <svg opacity="0.5" aria-hidden="true" height="16" viewBox="0 0 16 16" version="1.1" width="16" data-view-component="true" class="octicon octicon-chevron-down HeaderMenu-icon ml-1"> <path d="M12.78 5.22a.749.749 0 0 1 0 1.06l-4.25 4.25a.749.749 0 0 1-1.06 0L3.22 6.28a.749.749 0 1 1 1.06-1.06L8 8.939l3.72-3.719a.749.749 0 0 1 1.06 0Z"></path> </svg> </button> <div class="HeaderMenu-dropdown dropdown-menu rounded m-0 p-0 pt-2 pt-lg-4 position-relative position-lg-absolute left-0 left-lg-n3 pb-2 pb-lg-4 px-lg-4"> <div class="HeaderMenu-column"> <div class="border-bottom pb-3 pb-lg-0 pb-lg-3 mb-3 mb-lg-0 mb-lg-3"> <ul class="list-style-none f5" > <li> <a class="HeaderMenu-dropdown-link d-block no-underline position-relative py-2 Link--secondary d-flex flex-items-center Link--has-description" data-analytics-event="{"location":"navbar","action":"enterprise_platform","context":"enterprise","tag":"link","label":"enterprise_platform_link_enterprise_navbar"}" href="/enterprise"> <svg aria-hidden="true" height="24" viewBox="0 0 24 24" version="1.1" width="24" data-view-component="true" class="octicon octicon-stack color-fg-subtle mr-3"> <path d="M11.063 1.456a1.749 1.749 0 0 1 1.874 0l8.383 5.316a1.751 1.751 0 0 1 0 2.956l-8.383 5.316a1.749 1.749 0 0 1-1.874 0L2.68 9.728a1.751 1.751 0 0 1 0-2.956Zm1.071 1.267a.25.25 0 0 0-.268 0L3.483 8.039a.25.25 0 0 0 0 .422l8.383 5.316a.25.25 0 0 0 .268 0l8.383-5.316a.25.25 0 0 0 0-.422Z"></path><path d="M1.867 12.324a.75.75 0 0 1 1.035-.232l8.964 5.685a.25.25 0 0 0 .268 0l8.964-5.685a.75.75 0 0 1 .804 1.267l-8.965 5.685a1.749 1.749 0 0 1-1.874 0l-8.965-5.685a.75.75 0 0 1-.231-1.035Z"></path><path d="M1.867 16.324a.75.75 0 0 1 1.035-.232l8.964 5.685a.25.25 0 0 0 .268 0l8.964-5.685a.75.75 0 0 1 .804 1.267l-8.965 5.685a1.749 1.749 0 0 1-1.874 0l-8.965-5.685a.75.75 0 0 1-.231-1.035Z"></path> </svg> <div> <div class="color-fg-default h4">Enterprise platform</div> AI-powered developer platform </div> </a></li> </ul> </div> <div class="border-bottom pb-3 pb-lg-0 border-bottom-0"> <span class="d-block h4 color-fg-default my-1" id="enterprise-available-add-ons-heading">Available add-ons</span> <ul class="list-style-none f5" aria-labelledby="enterprise-available-add-ons-heading"> <li> <a class="HeaderMenu-dropdown-link d-block no-underline position-relative py-2 Link--secondary d-flex flex-items-center Link--has-description pb-lg-3" data-analytics-event="{"location":"navbar","action":"advanced_security","context":"enterprise","tag":"link","label":"advanced_security_link_enterprise_navbar"}" href="https://github.com/enterprise/advanced-security"> <svg aria-hidden="true" height="24" viewBox="0 0 24 24" version="1.1" width="24" data-view-component="true" class="octicon octicon-shield-check color-fg-subtle mr-3"> <path d="M16.53 9.78a.75.75 0 0 0-1.06-1.06L11 13.19l-1.97-1.97a.75.75 0 0 0-1.06 1.06l2.5 2.5a.75.75 0 0 0 1.06 0l5-5Z"></path><path d="m12.54.637 8.25 2.675A1.75 1.75 0 0 1 22 4.976V10c0 6.19-3.771 10.704-9.401 12.83a1.704 1.704 0 0 1-1.198 0C5.77 20.705 2 16.19 2 10V4.976c0-.758.489-1.43 1.21-1.664L11.46.637a1.748 1.748 0 0 1 1.08 0Zm-.617 1.426-8.25 2.676a.249.249 0 0 0-.173.237V10c0 5.46 3.28 9.483 8.43 11.426a.199.199 0 0 0 .14 0C17.22 19.483 20.5 15.461 20.5 10V4.976a.25.25 0 0 0-.173-.237l-8.25-2.676a.253.253 0 0 0-.154 0Z"></path> </svg> <div> <div class="color-fg-default h4">Advanced Security</div> Enterprise-grade security features </div> </a></li> <li> <a class="HeaderMenu-dropdown-link d-block no-underline position-relative py-2 Link--secondary d-flex flex-items-center Link--has-description pb-lg-3" data-analytics-event="{"location":"navbar","action":"copilot_for_business","context":"enterprise","tag":"link","label":"copilot_for_business_link_enterprise_navbar"}" href="/features/copilot/copilot-business"> <svg aria-hidden="true" height="24" viewBox="0 0 24 24" version="1.1" width="24" data-view-component="true" class="octicon octicon-copilot color-fg-subtle mr-3"> <path d="M23.922 16.992c-.861 1.495-5.859 5.023-11.922 5.023-6.063 0-11.061-3.528-11.922-5.023A.641.641 0 0 1 0 16.736v-2.869a.841.841 0 0 1 .053-.22c.372-.935 1.347-2.292 2.605-2.656.167-.429.414-1.055.644-1.517a10.195 10.195 0 0 1-.052-1.086c0-1.331.282-2.499 1.132-3.368.397-.406.89-.717 1.474-.952 1.399-1.136 3.392-2.093 6.122-2.093 2.731 0 4.767.957 6.166 2.093.584.235 1.077.546 1.474.952.85.869 1.132 2.037 1.132 3.368 0 .368-.014.733-.052 1.086.23.462.477 1.088.644 1.517 1.258.364 2.233 1.721 2.605 2.656a.832.832 0 0 1 .053.22v2.869a.641.641 0 0 1-.078.256ZM12.172 11h-.344a4.323 4.323 0 0 1-.355.508C10.703 12.455 9.555 13 7.965 13c-1.725 0-2.989-.359-3.782-1.259a2.005 2.005 0 0 1-.085-.104L4 11.741v6.585c1.435.779 4.514 2.179 8 2.179 3.486 0 6.565-1.4 8-2.179v-6.585l-.098-.104s-.033.045-.085.104c-.793.9-2.057 1.259-3.782 1.259-1.59 0-2.738-.545-3.508-1.492a4.323 4.323 0 0 1-.355-.508h-.016.016Zm.641-2.935c.136 1.057.403 1.913.878 2.497.442.544 1.134.938 2.344.938 1.573 0 2.292-.337 2.657-.751.384-.435.558-1.15.558-2.361 0-1.14-.243-1.847-.705-2.319-.477-.488-1.319-.862-2.824-1.025-1.487-.161-2.192.138-2.533.529-.269.307-.437.808-.438 1.578v.021c0 .265.021.562.063.893Zm-1.626 0c.042-.331.063-.628.063-.894v-.02c-.001-.77-.169-1.271-.438-1.578-.341-.391-1.046-.69-2.533-.529-1.505.163-2.347.537-2.824 1.025-.462.472-.705 1.179-.705 2.319 0 1.211.175 1.926.558 2.361.365.414 1.084.751 2.657.751 1.21 0 1.902-.394 2.344-.938.475-.584.742-1.44.878-2.497Z"></path><path d="M14.5 14.25a1 1 0 0 1 1 1v2a1 1 0 0 1-2 0v-2a1 1 0 0 1 1-1Zm-5 0a1 1 0 0 1 1 1v2a1 1 0 0 1-2 0v-2a1 1 0 0 1 1-1Z"></path> </svg> <div> <div class="color-fg-default h4">Copilot for business</div> Enterprise-grade AI features </div> </a></li> <li> <a class="HeaderMenu-dropdown-link d-block no-underline position-relative py-2 Link--secondary d-flex flex-items-center Link--has-description" data-analytics-event="{"location":"navbar","action":"premium_support","context":"enterprise","tag":"link","label":"premium_support_link_enterprise_navbar"}" href="/premium-support"> <svg aria-hidden="true" height="24" viewBox="0 0 24 24" version="1.1" width="24" data-view-component="true" class="octicon octicon-comment-discussion color-fg-subtle mr-3"> <path d="M1.75 1h12.5c.966 0 1.75.784 1.75 1.75v9.5A1.75 1.75 0 0 1 14.25 14H8.061l-2.574 2.573A1.458 1.458 0 0 1 3 15.543V14H1.75A1.75 1.75 0 0 1 0 12.25v-9.5C0 1.784.784 1 1.75 1ZM1.5 2.75v9.5c0 .138.112.25.25.25h2a.75.75 0 0 1 .75.75v2.19l2.72-2.72a.749.749 0 0 1 .53-.22h6.5a.25.25 0 0 0 .25-.25v-9.5a.25.25 0 0 0-.25-.25H1.75a.25.25 0 0 0-.25.25Z"></path><path d="M22.5 8.75a.25.25 0 0 0-.25-.25h-3.5a.75.75 0 0 1 0-1.5h3.5c.966 0 1.75.784 1.75 1.75v9.5A1.75 1.75 0 0 1 22.25 20H21v1.543a1.457 1.457 0 0 1-2.487 1.03L15.939 20H10.75A1.75 1.75 0 0 1 9 18.25v-1.465a.75.75 0 0 1 1.5 0v1.465c0 .138.112.25.25.25h5.5a.75.75 0 0 1 .53.22l2.72 2.72v-2.19a.75.75 0 0 1 .75-.75h2a.25.25 0 0 0 .25-.25v-9.5Z"></path> </svg> <div> <div class="color-fg-default h4">Premium Support</div> Enterprise-grade 24/7 support </div> </a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </li> <li class="HeaderMenu-item position-relative flex-wrap flex-justify-between flex-items-center d-block d-lg-flex flex-lg-nowrap flex-lg-items-center js-details-container js-header-menu-item"> <a class="HeaderMenu-link no-underline px-0 px-lg-2 py-3 py-lg-2 d-block d-lg-inline-block" data-analytics-event="{"location":"navbar","action":"pricing","context":"global","tag":"link","label":"pricing_link_global_navbar"}" href="https://github.com/pricing">Pricing</a> </li> </ul> </nav> <div class="d-flex flex-column flex-lg-row width-full flex-justify-end flex-lg-items-center text-center mt-3 mt-lg-0 text-lg-left ml-lg-3"> <qbsearch-input class="search-input" data-scope="repo:python/peps" data-custom-scopes-path="/search/custom_scopes" data-delete-custom-scopes-csrf="VLvgAjbSX-oREvf-lDgBAk0SwBGf6PylHMSasOSL8YYX_749cyhavAHUQBEAye13dqHwHPvuoZFX1dUH_-yf4g" data-max-custom-scopes="10" data-header-redesign-enabled="false" data-initial-value="" data-blackbird-suggestions-path="/search/suggestions" data-jump-to-suggestions-path="/_graphql/GetSuggestedNavigationDestinations" data-current-repository="python/peps" data-current-org="python" data-current-owner="" data-logged-in="false" data-copilot-chat-enabled="false" data-nl-search-enabled="false" data-retain-scroll-position="true"> <div class="search-input-container search-with-dialog position-relative d-flex flex-row flex-items-center mr-4 rounded" data-action="click:qbsearch-input#searchInputContainerClicked" > <button type="button" class="header-search-button placeholder input-button form-control d-flex flex-1 flex-self-stretch flex-items-center no-wrap width-full py-0 pl-2 pr-0 text-left border-0 box-shadow-none" data-target="qbsearch-input.inputButton" aria-label="Search or jump to…" aria-haspopup="dialog" placeholder="Search or jump to..." data-hotkey=s,/ autocapitalize="off" data-analytics-event="{"location":"navbar","action":"searchbar","context":"global","tag":"input","label":"searchbar_input_global_navbar"}" data-action="click:qbsearch-input#handleExpand" > <div class="mr-2 color-fg-muted"> <svg aria-hidden="true" height="16" viewBox="0 0 16 16" version="1.1" width="16" data-view-component="true" class="octicon octicon-search"> <path d="M10.68 11.74a6 6 0 0 1-7.922-8.982 6 6 0 0 1 8.982 7.922l3.04 3.04a.749.749 0 0 1-.326 1.275.749.749 0 0 1-.734-.215ZM11.5 7a4.499 4.499 0 1 0-8.997 0A4.499 4.499 0 0 0 11.5 7Z"></path> </svg> </div> <span class="flex-1" data-target="qbsearch-input.inputButtonText">Search or jump to...</span> <div class="d-flex" data-target="qbsearch-input.hotkeyIndicator"> <svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="22" height="20" aria-hidden="true" class="mr-1"><path fill="none" stroke="#979A9C" opacity=".4" d="M3.5.5h12c1.7 0 3 1.3 3 3v13c0 1.7-1.3 3-3 3h-12c-1.7 0-3-1.3-3-3v-13c0-1.7 1.3-3 3-3z"></path><path fill="#979A9C" d="M11.8 6L8 15.1h-.9L10.8 6h1z"></path></svg> </div> </button> <input type="hidden" name="type" class="js-site-search-type-field"> <div class="Overlay--hidden " data-modal-dialog-overlay> <modal-dialog data-action="close:qbsearch-input#handleClose cancel:qbsearch-input#handleClose" data-target="qbsearch-input.searchSuggestionsDialog" role="dialog" id="search-suggestions-dialog" aria-modal="true" aria-labelledby="search-suggestions-dialog-header" data-view-component="true" class="Overlay Overlay--width-large Overlay--height-auto"> <h1 id="search-suggestions-dialog-header" class="sr-only">Search code, repositories, users, issues, pull requests...</h1> <div class="Overlay-body Overlay-body--paddingNone"> <div data-view-component="true"> <div class="search-suggestions position-fixed width-full color-shadow-large border color-fg-default color-bg-default overflow-hidden d-flex flex-column query-builder-container" style="border-radius: 12px;" data-target="qbsearch-input.queryBuilderContainer" hidden > </option></form><form id="query-builder-test-form" action="" accept-charset="UTF-8" method="get"> <query-builder data-target="qbsearch-input.queryBuilder" id="query-builder-query-builder-test" data-filter-key=":" data-view-component="true" class="QueryBuilder search-query-builder"> <div class="FormControl FormControl--fullWidth"> <label id="query-builder-test-label" for="query-builder-test" class="FormControl-label sr-only"> Search </label> <div class="QueryBuilder-StyledInput width-fit " data-target="query-builder.styledInput" > <span id="query-builder-test-leadingvisual-wrap" class="FormControl-input-leadingVisualWrap QueryBuilder-leadingVisualWrap"> <svg aria-hidden="true" height="16" viewBox="0 0 16 16" version="1.1" width="16" data-view-component="true" class="octicon octicon-search FormControl-input-leadingVisual"> <path d="M10.68 11.74a6 6 0 0 1-7.922-8.982 6 6 0 0 1 8.982 7.922l3.04 3.04a.749.749 0 0 1-.326 1.275.749.749 0 0 1-.734-.215ZM11.5 7a4.499 4.499 0 1 0-8.997 0A4.499 4.499 0 0 0 11.5 7Z"></path> </svg> </span> <div data-target="query-builder.styledInputContainer" class="QueryBuilder-StyledInputContainer"> <div aria-hidden="true" class="QueryBuilder-StyledInputContent" data-target="query-builder.styledInputContent" ></div> <div class="QueryBuilder-InputWrapper"> <div aria-hidden="true" class="QueryBuilder-Sizer" data-target="query-builder.sizer"></div> <input id="query-builder-test" name="query-builder-test" value="" autocomplete="off" type="text" role="combobox" spellcheck="false" aria-expanded="false" aria-describedby="validation-546fd4c1-a911-4c9f-b80b-b1130bee6a1b" data-target="query-builder.input" data-action=" input:query-builder#inputChange blur:query-builder#inputBlur keydown:query-builder#inputKeydown focus:query-builder#inputFocus " data-view-component="true" class="FormControl-input QueryBuilder-Input FormControl-medium" /> </div> </div> <span class="sr-only" id="query-builder-test-clear">Clear</span> <button role="button" id="query-builder-test-clear-button" aria-labelledby="query-builder-test-clear query-builder-test-label" data-target="query-builder.clearButton" data-action=" click:query-builder#clear focus:query-builder#clearButtonFocus blur:query-builder#clearButtonBlur " variant="small" hidden="hidden" type="button" data-view-component="true" class="Button Button--iconOnly Button--invisible Button--medium mr-1 px-2 py-0 d-flex flex-items-center rounded-1 color-fg-muted"> <svg aria-hidden="true" height="16" viewBox="0 0 16 16" version="1.1" width="16" data-view-component="true" class="octicon octicon-x-circle-fill Button-visual"> <path d="M2.343 13.657A8 8 0 1 1 13.658 2.343 8 8 0 0 1 2.343 13.657ZM6.03 4.97a.751.751 0 0 0-1.042.018.751.751 0 0 0-.018 1.042L6.94 8 4.97 9.97a.749.749 0 0 0 .326 1.275.749.749 0 0 0 .734-.215L8 9.06l1.97 1.97a.749.749 0 0 0 1.275-.326.749.749 0 0 0-.215-.734L9.06 8l1.97-1.97a.749.749 0 0 0-.326-1.275.749.749 0 0 0-.734.215L8 6.94Z"></path> </svg> </button> </div> <template id="search-icon"> <svg aria-hidden="true" height="16" viewBox="0 0 16 16" version="1.1" width="16" data-view-component="true" class="octicon octicon-search"> <path d="M10.68 11.74a6 6 0 0 1-7.922-8.982 6 6 0 0 1 8.982 7.922l3.04 3.04a.749.749 0 0 1-.326 1.275.749.749 0 0 1-.734-.215ZM11.5 7a4.499 4.499 0 1 0-8.997 0A4.499 4.499 0 0 0 11.5 7Z"></path> </svg> </template> <template id="code-icon"> <svg aria-hidden="true" height="16" viewBox="0 0 16 16" version="1.1" width="16" data-view-component="true" class="octicon octicon-code"> <path d="m11.28 3.22 4.25 4.25a.75.75 0 0 1 0 1.06l-4.25 4.25a.749.749 0 0 1-1.275-.326.749.749 0 0 1 .215-.734L13.94 8l-3.72-3.72a.749.749 0 0 1 .326-1.275.749.749 0 0 1 .734.215Zm-6.56 0a.751.751 0 0 1 1.042.018.751.751 0 0 1 .018 1.042L2.06 8l3.72 3.72a.749.749 0 0 1-.326 1.275.749.749 0 0 1-.734-.215L.47 8.53a.75.75 0 0 1 0-1.06Z"></path> </svg> </template> <template id="file-code-icon"> <svg aria-hidden="true" height="16" viewBox="0 0 16 16" version="1.1" width="16" data-view-component="true" class="octicon octicon-file-code"> <path d="M4 1.75C4 .784 4.784 0 5.75 0h5.586c.464 0 .909.184 1.237.513l2.914 2.914c.329.328.513.773.513 1.237v8.586A1.75 1.75 0 0 1 14.25 15h-9a.75.75 0 0 1 0-1.5h9a.25.25 0 0 0 .25-.25V6h-2.75A1.75 1.75 0 0 1 10 4.25V1.5H5.75a.25.25 0 0 0-.25.25v2.5a.75.75 0 0 1-1.5 0Zm1.72 4.97a.75.75 0 0 1 1.06 0l2 2a.75.75 0 0 1 0 1.06l-2 2a.749.749 0 0 1-1.275-.326.749.749 0 0 1 .215-.734l1.47-1.47-1.47-1.47a.75.75 0 0 1 0-1.06ZM3.28 7.78 1.81 9.25l1.47 1.47a.751.751 0 0 1-.018 1.042.751.751 0 0 1-1.042.018l-2-2a.75.75 0 0 1 0-1.06l2-2a.751.751 0 0 1 1.042.018.751.751 0 0 1 .018 1.042Zm8.22-6.218V4.25c0 .138.112.25.25.25h2.688l-.011-.013-2.914-2.914-.013-.011Z"></path> </svg> </template> <template id="history-icon"> <svg aria-hidden="true" height="16" viewBox="0 0 16 16" version="1.1" width="16" data-view-component="true" class="octicon octicon-history"> <path d="m.427 1.927 1.215 1.215a8.002 8.002 0 1 1-1.6 5.685.75.75 0 1 1 1.493-.154 6.5 6.5 0 1 0 1.18-4.458l1.358 1.358A.25.25 0 0 1 3.896 6H.25A.25.25 0 0 1 0 5.75V2.104a.25.25 0 0 1 .427-.177ZM7.75 4a.75.75 0 0 1 .75.75v2.992l2.028.812a.75.75 0 0 1-.557 1.392l-2.5-1A.751.751 0 0 1 7 8.25v-3.5A.75.75 0 0 1 7.75 4Z"></path> </svg> </template> <template id="repo-icon"> <svg aria-hidden="true" height="16" viewBox="0 0 16 16" version="1.1" width="16" data-view-component="true" class="octicon octicon-repo"> <path d="M2 2.5A2.5 2.5 0 0 1 4.5 0h8.75a.75.75 0 0 1 .75.75v12.5a.75.75 0 0 1-.75.75h-2.5a.75.75 0 0 1 0-1.5h1.75v-2h-8a1 1 0 0 0-.714 1.7.75.75 0 1 1-1.072 1.05A2.495 2.495 0 0 1 2 11.5Zm10.5-1h-8a1 1 0 0 0-1 1v6.708A2.486 2.486 0 0 1 4.5 9h8ZM5 12.25a.25.25 0 0 1 .25-.25h3.5a.25.25 0 0 1 .25.25v3.25a.25.25 0 0 1-.4.2l-1.45-1.087a.249.249 0 0 0-.3 0L5.4 15.7a.25.25 0 0 1-.4-.2Z"></path> </svg> </template> <template id="bookmark-icon"> <svg aria-hidden="true" height="16" viewBox="0 0 16 16" version="1.1" width="16" data-view-component="true" class="octicon octicon-bookmark"> <path d="M3 2.75C3 1.784 3.784 1 4.75 1h6.5c.966 0 1.75.784 1.75 1.75v11.5a.75.75 0 0 1-1.227.579L8 11.722l-3.773 3.107A.751.751 0 0 1 3 14.25Zm1.75-.25a.25.25 0 0 0-.25.25v9.91l3.023-2.489a.75.75 0 0 1 .954 0l3.023 2.49V2.75a.25.25 0 0 0-.25-.25Z"></path> </svg> </template> <template id="plus-circle-icon"> <svg aria-hidden="true" height="16" viewBox="0 0 16 16" version="1.1" width="16" data-view-component="true" class="octicon octicon-plus-circle"> <path d="M8 0a8 8 0 1 1 0 16A8 8 0 0 1 8 0ZM1.5 8a6.5 6.5 0 1 0 13 0 6.5 6.5 0 0 0-13 0Zm7.25-3.25v2.5h2.5a.75.75 0 0 1 0 1.5h-2.5v2.5a.75.75 0 0 1-1.5 0v-2.5h-2.5a.75.75 0 0 1 0-1.5h2.5v-2.5a.75.75 0 0 1 1.5 0Z"></path> </svg> </template> <template id="circle-icon"> <svg aria-hidden="true" height="16" viewBox="0 0 16 16" version="1.1" width="16" data-view-component="true" class="octicon octicon-dot-fill"> <path d="M8 4a4 4 0 1 1 0 8 4 4 0 0 1 0-8Z"></path> </svg> </template> <template id="trash-icon"> <svg aria-hidden="true" height="16" viewBox="0 0 16 16" version="1.1" width="16" data-view-component="true" class="octicon octicon-trash"> <path d="M11 1.75V3h2.25a.75.75 0 0 1 0 1.5H2.75a.75.75 0 0 1 0-1.5H5V1.75C5 .784 5.784 0 6.75 0h2.5C10.216 0 11 .784 11 1.75ZM4.496 6.675l.66 6.6a.25.25 0 0 0 .249.225h5.19a.25.25 0 0 0 .249-.225l.66-6.6a.75.75 0 0 1 1.492.149l-.66 6.6A1.748 1.748 0 0 1 10.595 15h-5.19a1.75 1.75 0 0 1-1.741-1.575l-.66-6.6a.75.75 0 1 1 1.492-.15ZM6.5 1.75V3h3V1.75a.25.25 0 0 0-.25-.25h-2.5a.25.25 0 0 0-.25.25Z"></path> </svg> </template> <template id="team-icon"> <svg aria-hidden="true" height="16" viewBox="0 0 16 16" version="1.1" width="16" data-view-component="true" class="octicon octicon-people"> <path d="M2 5.5a3.5 3.5 0 1 1 5.898 2.549 5.508 5.508 0 0 1 3.034 4.084.75.75 0 1 1-1.482.235 4 4 0 0 0-7.9 0 .75.75 0 0 1-1.482-.236A5.507 5.507 0 0 1 3.102 8.05 3.493 3.493 0 0 1 2 5.5ZM11 4a3.001 3.001 0 0 1 2.22 5.018 5.01 5.01 0 0 1 2.56 3.012.749.749 0 0 1-.885.954.752.752 0 0 1-.549-.514 3.507 3.507 0 0 0-2.522-2.372.75.75 0 0 1-.574-.73v-.352a.75.75 0 0 1 .416-.672A1.5 1.5 0 0 0 11 5.5.75.75 0 0 1 11 4Zm-5.5-.5a2 2 0 1 0-.001 3.999A2 2 0 0 0 5.5 3.5Z"></path> </svg> </template> <template id="project-icon"> <svg aria-hidden="true" height="16" viewBox="0 0 16 16" version="1.1" width="16" data-view-component="true" class="octicon octicon-project"> <path d="M1.75 0h12.5C15.216 0 16 .784 16 1.75v12.5A1.75 1.75 0 0 1 14.25 16H1.75A1.75 1.75 0 0 1 0 14.25V1.75C0 .784.784 0 1.75 0ZM1.5 1.75v12.5c0 .138.112.25.25.25h12.5a.25.25 0 0 0 .25-.25V1.75a.25.25 0 0 0-.25-.25H1.75a.25.25 0 0 0-.25.25ZM11.75 3a.75.75 0 0 1 .75.75v7.5a.75.75 0 0 1-1.5 0v-7.5a.75.75 0 0 1 .75-.75Zm-8.25.75a.75.75 0 0 1 1.5 0v5.5a.75.75 0 0 1-1.5 0ZM8 3a.75.75 0 0 1 .75.75v3.5a.75.75 0 0 1-1.5 0v-3.5A.75.75 0 0 1 8 3Z"></path> </svg> </template> <template id="pencil-icon"> <svg aria-hidden="true" height="16" viewBox="0 0 16 16" version="1.1" width="16" data-view-component="true" class="octicon octicon-pencil"> <path d="M11.013 1.427a1.75 1.75 0 0 1 2.474 0l1.086 1.086a1.75 1.75 0 0 1 0 2.474l-8.61 8.61c-.21.21-.47.364-.756.445l-3.251.93a.75.75 0 0 1-.927-.928l.929-3.25c.081-.286.235-.547.445-.758l8.61-8.61Zm.176 4.823L9.75 4.81l-6.286 6.287a.253.253 0 0 0-.064.108l-.558 1.953 1.953-.558a.253.253 0 0 0 .108-.064Zm1.238-3.763a.25.25 0 0 0-.354 0L10.811 3.75l1.439 1.44 1.263-1.263a.25.25 0 0 0 0-.354Z"></path> </svg> </template> <template id="copilot-icon"> <svg aria-hidden="true" height="16" viewBox="0 0 16 16" version="1.1" width="16" data-view-component="true" class="octicon octicon-copilot"> <path d="M7.998 15.035c-4.562 0-7.873-2.914-7.998-3.749V9.338c.085-.628.677-1.686 1.588-2.065.013-.07.024-.143.036-.218.029-.183.06-.384.126-.612-.201-.508-.254-1.084-.254-1.656 0-.87.128-1.769.693-2.484.579-.733 1.494-1.124 2.724-1.261 1.206-.134 2.262.034 2.944.765.05.053.096.108.139.165.044-.057.094-.112.143-.165.682-.731 1.738-.899 2.944-.765 1.23.137 2.145.528 2.724 1.261.566.715.693 1.614.693 2.484 0 .572-.053 1.148-.254 1.656.066.228.098.429.126.612.012.076.024.148.037.218.924.385 1.522 1.471 1.591 2.095v1.872c0 .766-3.351 3.795-8.002 3.795Zm0-1.485c2.28 0 4.584-1.11 5.002-1.433V7.862l-.023-.116c-.49.21-1.075.291-1.727.291-1.146 0-2.059-.327-2.71-.991A3.222 3.222 0 0 1 8 6.303a3.24 3.24 0 0 1-.544.743c-.65.664-1.563.991-2.71.991-.652 0-1.236-.081-1.727-.291l-.023.116v4.255c.419.323 2.722 1.433 5.002 1.433ZM6.762 2.83c-.193-.206-.637-.413-1.682-.297-1.019.113-1.479.404-1.713.7-.247.312-.369.789-.369 1.554 0 .793.129 1.171.308 1.371.162.181.519.379 1.442.379.853 0 1.339-.235 1.638-.54.315-.322.527-.827.617-1.553.117-.935-.037-1.395-.241-1.614Zm4.155-.297c-1.044-.116-1.488.091-1.681.297-.204.219-.359.679-.242 1.614.091.726.303 1.231.618 1.553.299.305.784.54 1.638.54.922 0 1.28-.198 1.442-.379.179-.2.308-.578.308-1.371 0-.765-.123-1.242-.37-1.554-.233-.296-.693-.587-1.713-.7Z"></path><path d="M6.25 9.037a.75.75 0 0 1 .75.75v1.501a.75.75 0 0 1-1.5 0V9.787a.75.75 0 0 1 .75-.75Zm4.25.75v1.501a.75.75 0 0 1-1.5 0V9.787a.75.75 0 0 1 1.5 0Z"></path> </svg> </template> <template id="copilot-error-icon"> <svg aria-hidden="true" height="16" viewBox="0 0 16 16" version="1.1" width="16" data-view-component="true" class="octicon octicon-copilot-error"> <path d="M16 11.24c0 .112-.072.274-.21.467L13 9.688V7.862l-.023-.116c-.49.21-1.075.291-1.727.291-.198 0-.388-.009-.571-.029L6.833 5.226a4.01 4.01 0 0 0 .17-.782c.117-.935-.037-1.395-.241-1.614-.193-.206-.637-.413-1.682-.297-.683.076-1.115.231-1.395.415l-1.257-.91c.579-.564 1.413-.877 2.485-.996 1.206-.134 2.262.034 2.944.765.05.053.096.108.139.165.044-.057.094-.112.143-.165.682-.731 1.738-.899 2.944-.765 1.23.137 2.145.528 2.724 1.261.566.715.693 1.614.693 2.484 0 .572-.053 1.148-.254 1.656.066.228.098.429.126.612.012.076.024.148.037.218.924.385 1.522 1.471 1.591 2.095Zm-5.083-8.707c-1.044-.116-1.488.091-1.681.297-.204.219-.359.679-.242 1.614.091.726.303 1.231.618 1.553.299.305.784.54 1.638.54.922 0 1.28-.198 1.442-.379.179-.2.308-.578.308-1.371 0-.765-.123-1.242-.37-1.554-.233-.296-.693-.587-1.713-.7Zm2.511 11.074c-1.393.776-3.272 1.428-5.43 1.428-4.562 0-7.873-2.914-7.998-3.749V9.338c.085-.628.677-1.686 1.588-2.065.013-.07.024-.143.036-.218.029-.183.06-.384.126-.612-.18-.455-.241-.963-.252-1.475L.31 4.107A.747.747 0 0 1 0 3.509V3.49a.748.748 0 0 1 .625-.73c.156-.026.306.047.435.139l14.667 10.578a.592.592 0 0 1 .227.264.752.752 0 0 1 .046.249v.022a.75.75 0 0 1-1.19.596Zm-1.367-.991L5.635 7.964a5.128 5.128 0 0 1-.889.073c-.652 0-1.236-.081-1.727-.291l-.023.116v4.255c.419.323 2.722 1.433 5.002 1.433 1.539 0 3.089-.505 4.063-.934Z"></path> </svg> </template> <template id="workflow-icon"> <svg aria-hidden="true" height="16" viewBox="0 0 16 16" version="1.1" width="16" data-view-component="true" class="octicon octicon-workflow"> <path d="M0 1.75C0 .784.784 0 1.75 0h3.5C6.216 0 7 .784 7 1.75v3.5A1.75 1.75 0 0 1 5.25 7H4v4a1 1 0 0 0 1 1h4v-1.25C9 9.784 9.784 9 10.75 9h3.5c.966 0 1.75.784 1.75 1.75v3.5A1.75 1.75 0 0 1 14.25 16h-3.5A1.75 1.75 0 0 1 9 14.25v-.75H5A2.5 2.5 0 0 1 2.5 11V7h-.75A1.75 1.75 0 0 1 0 5.25Zm1.75-.25a.25.25 0 0 0-.25.25v3.5c0 .138.112.25.25.25h3.5a.25.25 0 0 0 .25-.25v-3.5a.25.25 0 0 0-.25-.25Zm9 9a.25.25 0 0 0-.25.25v3.5c0 .138.112.25.25.25h3.5a.25.25 0 0 0 .25-.25v-3.5a.25.25 0 0 0-.25-.25Z"></path> </svg> </template> <template id="book-icon"> <svg aria-hidden="true" height="16" viewBox="0 0 16 16" version="1.1" width="16" data-view-component="true" class="octicon octicon-book"> <path d="M0 1.75A.75.75 0 0 1 .75 1h4.253c1.227 0 2.317.59 3 1.501A3.743 3.743 0 0 1 11.006 1h4.245a.75.75 0 0 1 .75.75v10.5a.75.75 0 0 1-.75.75h-4.507a2.25 2.25 0 0 0-1.591.659l-.622.621a.75.75 0 0 1-1.06 0l-.622-.621A2.25 2.25 0 0 0 5.258 13H.75a.75.75 0 0 1-.75-.75Zm7.251 10.324.004-5.073-.002-2.253A2.25 2.25 0 0 0 5.003 2.5H1.5v9h3.757a3.75 3.75 0 0 1 1.994.574ZM8.755 4.75l-.004 7.322a3.752 3.752 0 0 1 1.992-.572H14.5v-9h-3.495a2.25 2.25 0 0 0-2.25 2.25Z"></path> </svg> </template> <template id="code-review-icon"> <svg aria-hidden="true" height="16" viewBox="0 0 16 16" version="1.1" width="16" data-view-component="true" class="octicon octicon-code-review"> <path d="M1.75 1h12.5c.966 0 1.75.784 1.75 1.75v8.5A1.75 1.75 0 0 1 14.25 13H8.061l-2.574 2.573A1.458 1.458 0 0 1 3 14.543V13H1.75A1.75 1.75 0 0 1 0 11.25v-8.5C0 1.784.784 1 1.75 1ZM1.5 2.75v8.5c0 .138.112.25.25.25h2a.75.75 0 0 1 .75.75v2.19l2.72-2.72a.749.749 0 0 1 .53-.22h6.5a.25.25 0 0 0 .25-.25v-8.5a.25.25 0 0 0-.25-.25H1.75a.25.25 0 0 0-.25.25Zm5.28 1.72a.75.75 0 0 1 0 1.06L5.31 7l1.47 1.47a.751.751 0 0 1-.018 1.042.751.751 0 0 1-1.042.018l-2-2a.75.75 0 0 1 0-1.06l2-2a.75.75 0 0 1 1.06 0Zm2.44 0a.75.75 0 0 1 1.06 0l2 2a.75.75 0 0 1 0 1.06l-2 2a.751.751 0 0 1-1.042-.018.751.751 0 0 1-.018-1.042L10.69 7 9.22 5.53a.75.75 0 0 1 0-1.06Z"></path> </svg> </template> <template id="codespaces-icon"> <svg aria-hidden="true" height="16" viewBox="0 0 16 16" version="1.1" width="16" data-view-component="true" class="octicon octicon-codespaces"> <path d="M0 11.25c0-.966.784-1.75 1.75-1.75h12.5c.966 0 1.75.784 1.75 1.75v3A1.75 1.75 0 0 1 14.25 16H1.75A1.75 1.75 0 0 1 0 14.25Zm2-9.5C2 .784 2.784 0 3.75 0h8.5C13.216 0 14 .784 14 1.75v5a1.75 1.75 0 0 1-1.75 1.75h-8.5A1.75 1.75 0 0 1 2 6.75Zm1.75-.25a.25.25 0 0 0-.25.25v5c0 .138.112.25.25.25h8.5a.25.25 0 0 0 .25-.25v-5a.25.25 0 0 0-.25-.25Zm-2 9.5a.25.25 0 0 0-.25.25v3c0 .138.112.25.25.25h12.5a.25.25 0 0 0 .25-.25v-3a.25.25 0 0 0-.25-.25Z"></path><path d="M7 12.75a.75.75 0 0 1 .75-.75h4.5a.75.75 0 0 1 0 1.5h-4.5a.75.75 0 0 1-.75-.75Zm-4 0a.75.75 0 0 1 .75-.75h.5a.75.75 0 0 1 0 1.5h-.5a.75.75 0 0 1-.75-.75Z"></path> </svg> </template> <template id="comment-icon"> <svg aria-hidden="true" height="16" viewBox="0 0 16 16" version="1.1" width="16" data-view-component="true" class="octicon octicon-comment"> <path d="M1 2.75C1 1.784 1.784 1 2.75 1h10.5c.966 0 1.75.784 1.75 1.75v7.5A1.75 1.75 0 0 1 13.25 12H9.06l-2.573 2.573A1.458 1.458 0 0 1 4 13.543V12H2.75A1.75 1.75 0 0 1 1 10.25Zm1.75-.25a.25.25 0 0 0-.25.25v7.5c0 .138.112.25.25.25h2a.75.75 0 0 1 .75.75v2.19l2.72-2.72a.749.749 0 0 1 .53-.22h4.5a.25.25 0 0 0 .25-.25v-7.5a.25.25 0 0 0-.25-.25Z"></path> </svg> </template> <template id="comment-discussion-icon"> <svg aria-hidden="true" height="16" viewBox="0 0 16 16" version="1.1" width="16" data-view-component="true" class="octicon octicon-comment-discussion"> <path d="M1.75 1h8.5c.966 0 1.75.784 1.75 1.75v5.5A1.75 1.75 0 0 1 10.25 10H7.061l-2.574 2.573A1.458 1.458 0 0 1 2 11.543V10h-.25A1.75 1.75 0 0 1 0 8.25v-5.5C0 1.784.784 1 1.75 1ZM1.5 2.75v5.5c0 .138.112.25.25.25h1a.75.75 0 0 1 .75.75v2.19l2.72-2.72a.749.749 0 0 1 .53-.22h3.5a.25.25 0 0 0 .25-.25v-5.5a.25.25 0 0 0-.25-.25h-8.5a.25.25 0 0 0-.25.25Zm13 2a.25.25 0 0 0-.25-.25h-.5a.75.75 0 0 1 0-1.5h.5c.966 0 1.75.784 1.75 1.75v5.5A1.75 1.75 0 0 1 14.25 12H14v1.543a1.458 1.458 0 0 1-2.487 1.03L9.22 12.28a.749.749 0 0 1 .326-1.275.749.749 0 0 1 .734.215l2.22 2.22v-2.19a.75.75 0 0 1 .75-.75h1a.25.25 0 0 0 .25-.25Z"></path> </svg> </template> <template id="organization-icon"> <svg aria-hidden="true" height="16" viewBox="0 0 16 16" version="1.1" width="16" data-view-component="true" class="octicon octicon-organization"> <path d="M1.75 16A1.75 1.75 0 0 1 0 14.25V1.75C0 .784.784 0 1.75 0h8.5C11.216 0 12 .784 12 1.75v12.5c0 .085-.006.168-.018.25h2.268a.25.25 0 0 0 .25-.25V8.285a.25.25 0 0 0-.111-.208l-1.055-.703a.749.749 0 1 1 .832-1.248l1.055.703c.487.325.779.871.779 1.456v5.965A1.75 1.75 0 0 1 14.25 16h-3.5a.766.766 0 0 1-.197-.026c-.099.017-.2.026-.303.026h-3a.75.75 0 0 1-.75-.75V14h-1v1.25a.75.75 0 0 1-.75.75Zm-.25-1.75c0 .138.112.25.25.25H4v-1.25a.75.75 0 0 1 .75-.75h2.5a.75.75 0 0 1 .75.75v1.25h2.25a.25.25 0 0 0 .25-.25V1.75a.25.25 0 0 0-.25-.25h-8.5a.25.25 0 0 0-.25.25ZM3.75 6h.5a.75.75 0 0 1 0 1.5h-.5a.75.75 0 0 1 0-1.5ZM3 3.75A.75.75 0 0 1 3.75 3h.5a.75.75 0 0 1 0 1.5h-.5A.75.75 0 0 1 3 3.75Zm4 3A.75.75 0 0 1 7.75 6h.5a.75.75 0 0 1 0 1.5h-.5A.75.75 0 0 1 7 6.75ZM7.75 3h.5a.75.75 0 0 1 0 1.5h-.5a.75.75 0 0 1 0-1.5ZM3 9.75A.75.75 0 0 1 3.75 9h.5a.75.75 0 0 1 0 1.5h-.5A.75.75 0 0 1 3 9.75ZM7.75 9h.5a.75.75 0 0 1 0 1.5h-.5a.75.75 0 0 1 0-1.5Z"></path> </svg> </template> <template id="rocket-icon"> <svg aria-hidden="true" height="16" viewBox="0 0 16 16" version="1.1" width="16" data-view-component="true" class="octicon octicon-rocket"> <path d="M14.064 0h.186C15.216 0 16 .784 16 1.75v.186a8.752 8.752 0 0 1-2.564 6.186l-.458.459c-.314.314-.641.616-.979.904v3.207c0 .608-.315 1.172-.833 1.49l-2.774 1.707a.749.749 0 0 1-1.11-.418l-.954-3.102a1.214 1.214 0 0 1-.145-.125L3.754 9.816a1.218 1.218 0 0 1-.124-.145L.528 8.717a.749.749 0 0 1-.418-1.11l1.71-2.774A1.748 1.748 0 0 1 3.31 4h3.204c.288-.338.59-.665.904-.979l.459-.458A8.749 8.749 0 0 1 14.064 0ZM8.938 3.623h-.002l-.458.458c-.76.76-1.437 1.598-2.02 2.5l-1.5 2.317 2.143 2.143 2.317-1.5c.902-.583 1.74-1.26 2.499-2.02l.459-.458a7.25 7.25 0 0 0 2.123-5.127V1.75a.25.25 0 0 0-.25-.25h-.186a7.249 7.249 0 0 0-5.125 2.123ZM3.56 14.56c-.732.732-2.334 1.045-3.005 1.148a.234.234 0 0 1-.201-.064.234.234 0 0 1-.064-.201c.103-.671.416-2.273 1.15-3.003a1.502 1.502 0 1 1 2.12 2.12Zm6.94-3.935c-.088.06-.177.118-.266.175l-2.35 1.521.548 1.783 1.949-1.2a.25.25 0 0 0 .119-.213ZM3.678 8.116 5.2 5.766c.058-.09.117-.178.176-.266H3.309a.25.25 0 0 0-.213.119l-1.2 1.95ZM12 5a1 1 0 1 1-2 0 1 1 0 0 1 2 0Z"></path> </svg> </template> <template id="shield-check-icon"> <svg aria-hidden="true" height="16" viewBox="0 0 16 16" version="1.1" width="16" data-view-component="true" class="octicon octicon-shield-check"> <path d="m8.533.133 5.25 1.68A1.75 1.75 0 0 1 15 3.48V7c0 1.566-.32 3.182-1.303 4.682-.983 1.498-2.585 2.813-5.032 3.855a1.697 1.697 0 0 1-1.33 0c-2.447-1.042-4.049-2.357-5.032-3.855C1.32 10.182 1 8.566 1 7V3.48a1.75 1.75 0 0 1 1.217-1.667l5.25-1.68a1.748 1.748 0 0 1 1.066 0Zm-.61 1.429.001.001-5.25 1.68a.251.251 0 0 0-.174.237V7c0 1.36.275 2.666 1.057 3.859.784 1.194 2.121 2.342 4.366 3.298a.196.196 0 0 0 .154 0c2.245-.957 3.582-2.103 4.366-3.297C13.225 9.666 13.5 8.358 13.5 7V3.48a.25.25 0 0 0-.174-.238l-5.25-1.68a.25.25 0 0 0-.153 0ZM11.28 6.28l-3.5 3.5a.75.75 0 0 1-1.06 0l-1.5-1.5a.749.749 0 0 1 .326-1.275.749.749 0 0 1 .734.215l.97.97 2.97-2.97a.751.751 0 0 1 1.042.018.751.751 0 0 1 .018 1.042Z"></path> </svg> </template> <template id="heart-icon"> <svg aria-hidden="true" height="16" viewBox="0 0 16 16" version="1.1" width="16" data-view-component="true" class="octicon octicon-heart"> <path d="m8 14.25.345.666a.75.75 0 0 1-.69 0l-.008-.004-.018-.01a7.152 7.152 0 0 1-.31-.17 22.055 22.055 0 0 1-3.434-2.414C2.045 10.731 0 8.35 0 5.5 0 2.836 2.086 1 4.25 1 5.797 1 7.153 1.802 8 3.02 8.847 1.802 10.203 1 11.75 1 13.914 1 16 2.836 16 5.5c0 2.85-2.045 5.231-3.885 6.818a22.066 22.066 0 0 1-3.744 2.584l-.018.01-.006.003h-.002ZM4.25 2.5c-1.336 0-2.75 1.164-2.75 3 0 2.15 1.58 4.144 3.365 5.682A20.58 20.58 0 0 0 8 13.393a20.58 20.58 0 0 0 3.135-2.211C12.92 9.644 14.5 7.65 14.5 5.5c0-1.836-1.414-3-2.75-3-1.373 0-2.609.986-3.029 2.456a.749.749 0 0 1-1.442 0C6.859 3.486 5.623 2.5 4.25 2.5Z"></path> </svg> </template> <template id="server-icon"> <svg aria-hidden="true" height="16" viewBox="0 0 16 16" version="1.1" width="16" data-view-component="true" class="octicon octicon-server"> <path d="M1.75 1h12.5c.966 0 1.75.784 1.75 1.75v4c0 .372-.116.717-.314 1 .198.283.314.628.314 1v4a1.75 1.75 0 0 1-1.75 1.75H1.75A1.75 1.75 0 0 1 0 12.75v-4c0-.358.109-.707.314-1a1.739 1.739 0 0 1-.314-1v-4C0 1.784.784 1 1.75 1ZM1.5 2.75v4c0 .138.112.25.25.25h12.5a.25.25 0 0 0 .25-.25v-4a.25.25 0 0 0-.25-.25H1.75a.25.25 0 0 0-.25.25Zm.25 5.75a.25.25 0 0 0-.25.25v4c0 .138.112.25.25.25h12.5a.25.25 0 0 0 .25-.25v-4a.25.25 0 0 0-.25-.25ZM7 4.75A.75.75 0 0 1 7.75 4h4.5a.75.75 0 0 1 0 1.5h-4.5A.75.75 0 0 1 7 4.75ZM7.75 10h4.5a.75.75 0 0 1 0 1.5h-4.5a.75.75 0 0 1 0-1.5ZM3 4.75A.75.75 0 0 1 3.75 4h.5a.75.75 0 0 1 0 1.5h-.5A.75.75 0 0 1 3 4.75ZM3.75 10h.5a.75.75 0 0 1 0 1.5h-.5a.75.75 0 0 1 0-1.5Z"></path> </svg> </template> <template id="globe-icon"> <svg aria-hidden="true" height="16" viewBox="0 0 16 16" version="1.1" width="16" data-view-component="true" class="octicon octicon-globe"> <path d="M8 0a8 8 0 1 1 0 16A8 8 0 0 1 8 0ZM5.78 8.75a9.64 9.64 0 0 0 1.363 4.177c.255.426.542.832.857 1.215.245-.296.551-.705.857-1.215A9.64 9.64 0 0 0 10.22 8.75Zm4.44-1.5a9.64 9.64 0 0 0-1.363-4.177c-.307-.51-.612-.919-.857-1.215a9.927 9.927 0 0 0-.857 1.215A9.64 9.64 0 0 0 5.78 7.25Zm-5.944 1.5H1.543a6.507 6.507 0 0 0 4.666 5.5c-.123-.181-.24-.365-.352-.552-.715-1.192-1.437-2.874-1.581-4.948Zm-2.733-1.5h2.733c.144-2.074.866-3.756 1.58-4.948.12-.197.237-.381.353-.552a6.507 6.507 0 0 0-4.666 5.5Zm10.181 1.5c-.144 2.074-.866 3.756-1.58 4.948-.12.197-.237.381-.353.552a6.507 6.507 0 0 0 4.666-5.5Zm2.733-1.5a6.507 6.507 0 0 0-4.666-5.5c.123.181.24.365.353.552.714 1.192 1.436 2.874 1.58 4.948Z"></path> </svg> </template> <template id="issue-opened-icon"> <svg aria-hidden="true" height="16" viewBox="0 0 16 16" version="1.1" width="16" data-view-component="true" class="octicon octicon-issue-opened"> <path d="M8 9.5a1.5 1.5 0 1 0 0-3 1.5 1.5 0 0 0 0 3Z"></path><path d="M8 0a8 8 0 1 1 0 16A8 8 0 0 1 8 0ZM1.5 8a6.5 6.5 0 1 0 13 0 6.5 6.5 0 0 0-13 0Z"></path> </svg> </template> <template id="device-mobile-icon"> <svg aria-hidden="true" height="16" viewBox="0 0 16 16" version="1.1" width="16" data-view-component="true" class="octicon octicon-device-mobile"> <path d="M3.75 0h8.5C13.216 0 14 .784 14 1.75v12.5A1.75 1.75 0 0 1 12.25 16h-8.5A1.75 1.75 0 0 1 2 14.25V1.75C2 .784 2.784 0 3.75 0ZM3.5 1.75v12.5c0 .138.112.25.25.25h8.5a.25.25 0 0 0 .25-.25V1.75a.25.25 0 0 0-.25-.25h-8.5a.25.25 0 0 0-.25.25ZM8 13a1 1 0 1 1 0-2 1 1 0 0 1 0 2Z"></path> </svg> </template> <template id="package-icon"> <svg aria-hidden="true" height="16" viewBox="0 0 16 16" version="1.1" width="16" data-view-component="true" class="octicon octicon-package"> <path d="m8.878.392 5.25 3.045c.54.314.872.89.872 1.514v6.098a1.75 1.75 0 0 1-.872 1.514l-5.25 3.045a1.75 1.75 0 0 1-1.756 0l-5.25-3.045A1.75 1.75 0 0 1 1 11.049V4.951c0-.624.332-1.201.872-1.514L7.122.392a1.75 1.75 0 0 1 1.756 0ZM7.875 1.69l-4.63 2.685L8 7.133l4.755-2.758-4.63-2.685a.248.248 0 0 0-.25 0ZM2.5 5.677v5.372c0 .09.047.171.125.216l4.625 2.683V8.432Zm6.25 8.271 4.625-2.683a.25.25 0 0 0 .125-.216V5.677L8.75 8.432Z"></path> </svg> </template> <template id="credit-card-icon"> <svg aria-hidden="true" height="16" viewBox="0 0 16 16" version="1.1" width="16" data-view-component="true" class="octicon octicon-credit-card"> <path d="M10.75 9a.75.75 0 0 0 0 1.5h1.5a.75.75 0 0 0 0-1.5h-1.5Z"></path><path d="M0 3.75C0 2.784.784 2 1.75 2h12.5c.966 0 1.75.784 1.75 1.75v8.5A1.75 1.75 0 0 1 14.25 14H1.75A1.75 1.75 0 0 1 0 12.25ZM14.5 6.5h-13v5.75c0 .138.112.25.25.25h12.5a.25.25 0 0 0 .25-.25Zm0-2.75a.25.25 0 0 0-.25-.25H1.75a.25.25 0 0 0-.25.25V5h13Z"></path> </svg> </template> <template id="play-icon"> <svg aria-hidden="true" height="16" viewBox="0 0 16 16" version="1.1" width="16" data-view-component="true" class="octicon octicon-play"> <path d="M8 0a8 8 0 1 1 0 16A8 8 0 0 1 8 0ZM1.5 8a6.5 6.5 0 1 0 13 0 6.5 6.5 0 0 0-13 0Zm4.879-2.773 4.264 2.559a.25.25 0 0 1 0 .428l-4.264 2.559A.25.25 0 0 1 6 10.559V5.442a.25.25 0 0 1 .379-.215Z"></path> </svg> </template> <template id="gift-icon"> <svg aria-hidden="true" height="16" viewBox="0 0 16 16" version="1.1" width="16" data-view-component="true" class="octicon octicon-gift"> <path d="M2 2.75A2.75 2.75 0 0 1 4.75 0c.983 0 1.873.42 2.57 1.232.268.318.497.668.68 1.042.183-.375.411-.725.68-1.044C9.376.42 10.266 0 11.25 0a2.75 2.75 0 0 1 2.45 4h.55c.966 0 1.75.784 1.75 1.75v2c0 .698-.409 1.301-1 1.582v4.918A1.75 1.75 0 0 1 13.25 16H2.75A1.75 1.75 0 0 1 1 14.25V9.332C.409 9.05 0 8.448 0 7.75v-2C0 4.784.784 4 1.75 4h.55c-.192-.375-.3-.8-.3-1.25ZM7.25 9.5H2.5v4.75c0 .138.112.25.25.25h4.5Zm1.5 0v5h4.5a.25.25 0 0 0 .25-.25V9.5Zm0-4V8h5.5a.25.25 0 0 0 .25-.25v-2a.25.25 0 0 0-.25-.25Zm-7 0a.25.25 0 0 0-.25.25v2c0 .138.112.25.25.25h5.5V5.5h-5.5Zm3-4a1.25 1.25 0 0 0 0 2.5h2.309c-.233-.818-.542-1.401-.878-1.793-.43-.502-.915-.707-1.431-.707ZM8.941 4h2.309a1.25 1.25 0 0 0 0-2.5c-.516 0-1 .205-1.43.707-.337.392-.646.975-.879 1.793Z"></path> </svg> </template> <template id="code-square-icon"> <svg aria-hidden="true" height="16" viewBox="0 0 16 16" version="1.1" width="16" data-view-component="true" class="octicon octicon-code-square"> <path d="M0 1.75C0 .784.784 0 1.75 0h12.5C15.216 0 16 .784 16 1.75v12.5A1.75 1.75 0 0 1 14.25 16H1.75A1.75 1.75 0 0 1 0 14.25Zm1.75-.25a.25.25 0 0 0-.25.25v12.5c0 .138.112.25.25.25h12.5a.25.25 0 0 0 .25-.25V1.75a.25.25 0 0 0-.25-.25Zm7.47 3.97a.75.75 0 0 1 1.06 0l2 2a.75.75 0 0 1 0 1.06l-2 2a.749.749 0 0 1-1.275-.326.749.749 0 0 1 .215-.734L10.69 8 9.22 6.53a.75.75 0 0 1 0-1.06ZM6.78 6.53 5.31 8l1.47 1.47a.749.749 0 0 1-.326 1.275.749.749 0 0 1-.734-.215l-2-2a.75.75 0 0 1 0-1.06l2-2a.751.751 0 0 1 1.042.018.751.751 0 0 1 .018 1.042Z"></path> </svg> </template> <template id="device-desktop-icon"> <svg aria-hidden="true" height="16" viewBox="0 0 16 16" version="1.1" width="16" data-view-component="true" class="octicon octicon-device-desktop"> <path d="M14.25 1c.966 0 1.75.784 1.75 1.75v7.5A1.75 1.75 0 0 1 14.25 12h-3.727c.099 1.041.52 1.872 1.292 2.757A.752.752 0 0 1 11.25 16h-6.5a.75.75 0 0 1-.565-1.243c.772-.885 1.192-1.716 1.292-2.757H1.75A1.75 1.75 0 0 1 0 10.25v-7.5C0 1.784.784 1 1.75 1ZM1.75 2.5a.25.25 0 0 0-.25.25v7.5c0 .138.112.25.25.25h12.5a.25.25 0 0 0 .25-.25v-7.5a.25.25 0 0 0-.25-.25ZM9.018 12H6.982a5.72 5.72 0 0 1-.765 2.5h3.566a5.72 5.72 0 0 1-.765-2.5Z"></path> </svg> </template> <div class="position-relative"> <ul role="listbox" class="ActionListWrap QueryBuilder-ListWrap" aria-label="Suggestions" data-action=" combobox-commit:query-builder#comboboxCommit mousedown:query-builder#resultsMousedown " data-target="query-builder.resultsList" data-persist-list=false id="query-builder-test-results" ></ul> </div> <div class="FormControl-inlineValidation" id="validation-546fd4c1-a911-4c9f-b80b-b1130bee6a1b" hidden="hidden"> <span class="FormControl-inlineValidation--visual"> <svg aria-hidden="true" height="12" viewBox="0 0 12 12" version="1.1" width="12" data-view-component="true" class="octicon octicon-alert-fill"> <path d="M4.855.708c.5-.896 1.79-.896 2.29 0l4.675 8.351a1.312 1.312 0 0 1-1.146 1.954H1.33A1.313 1.313 0 0 1 .183 9.058ZM7 7V3H5v4Zm-1 3a1 1 0 1 0 0-2 1 1 0 0 0 0 2Z"></path> </svg> </span> <span></span> </div> </div> <div data-target="query-builder.screenReaderFeedback" aria-live="polite" aria-atomic="true" class="sr-only"></div> </query-builder></form> <div class="d-flex flex-row color-fg-muted px-3 text-small color-bg-default search-feedback-prompt"> <a target="_blank" href="https://docs.github.com/search-github/github-code-search/understanding-github-code-search-syntax" data-view-component="true" class="Link color-fg-accent text-normal ml-2">Search syntax tips</a> <div class="d-flex flex-1"></div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </modal-dialog></div> </div> <div data-action="click:qbsearch-input#retract" class="dark-backdrop position-fixed" hidden data-target="qbsearch-input.darkBackdrop"></div> <div class="color-fg-default"> <dialog-helper> <dialog data-target="qbsearch-input.feedbackDialog" data-action="close:qbsearch-input#handleDialogClose cancel:qbsearch-input#handleDialogClose" id="feedback-dialog" aria-modal="true" aria-labelledby="feedback-dialog-title" aria-describedby="feedback-dialog-description" data-view-component="true" class="Overlay Overlay-whenNarrow Overlay--size-medium Overlay--motion-scaleFade Overlay--disableScroll"> <div data-view-component="true" class="Overlay-header"> <div class="Overlay-headerContentWrap"> <div class="Overlay-titleWrap"> <h1 class="Overlay-title " id="feedback-dialog-title"> Provide feedback </h1> </div> <div class="Overlay-actionWrap"> <button data-close-dialog-id="feedback-dialog" aria-label="Close" type="button" data-view-component="true" class="close-button Overlay-closeButton"><svg aria-hidden="true" height="16" viewBox="0 0 16 16" version="1.1" width="16" data-view-component="true" class="octicon octicon-x"> <path d="M3.72 3.72a.75.75 0 0 1 1.06 0L8 6.94l3.22-3.22a.749.749 0 0 1 1.275.326.749.749 0 0 1-.215.734L9.06 8l3.22 3.22a.749.749 0 0 1-.326 1.275.749.749 0 0 1-.734-.215L8 9.06l-3.22 3.22a.751.751 0 0 1-1.042-.018.751.751 0 0 1-.018-1.042L6.94 8 3.72 4.78a.75.75 0 0 1 0-1.06Z"></path> </svg></button> </div> </div> </div> <scrollable-region data-labelled-by="feedback-dialog-title"> <div data-view-component="true" class="Overlay-body"> </option></form><form id="code-search-feedback-form" data-turbo="false" action="/search/feedback" accept-charset="UTF-8" method="post"><input type="hidden" data-csrf="true" name="authenticity_token" value="xXKniM7jSJV9WhC5YHBbgVAYxuZoddMUjXWryV4NwUVIc4yNkbyGfp/Zo/jYYSpYsINBFKqHTyR19eV8ml91QA==" /> <p>We read every piece of feedback, and take your input very seriously.</p> <textarea name="feedback" class="form-control width-full mb-2" style="height: 120px" id="feedback"></textarea> <input name="include_email" id="include_email" aria-label="Include my email address so I can be contacted" class="form-control mr-2" type="checkbox"> <label for="include_email" style="font-weight: normal">Include my email address so I can be contacted</label> </form></div> </scrollable-region> <div data-view-component="true" class="Overlay-footer Overlay-footer--alignEnd"> <button data-close-dialog-id="feedback-dialog" type="button" data-view-component="true" class="btn"> Cancel </button> <button form="code-search-feedback-form" data-action="click:qbsearch-input#submitFeedback" type="submit" data-view-component="true" class="btn-primary btn"> Submit feedback </button> </div> </dialog></dialog-helper> <custom-scopes data-target="qbsearch-input.customScopesManager"> <dialog-helper> <dialog data-target="custom-scopes.customScopesModalDialog" data-action="close:qbsearch-input#handleDialogClose cancel:qbsearch-input#handleDialogClose" id="custom-scopes-dialog" aria-modal="true" aria-labelledby="custom-scopes-dialog-title" aria-describedby="custom-scopes-dialog-description" data-view-component="true" class="Overlay Overlay-whenNarrow Overlay--size-medium Overlay--motion-scaleFade Overlay--disableScroll"> <div data-view-component="true" class="Overlay-header Overlay-header--divided"> <div class="Overlay-headerContentWrap"> <div class="Overlay-titleWrap"> <h1 class="Overlay-title " id="custom-scopes-dialog-title"> Saved searches </h1> <h2 id="custom-scopes-dialog-description" class="Overlay-description">Use saved searches to filter your results more quickly</h2> </div> <div class="Overlay-actionWrap"> <button data-close-dialog-id="custom-scopes-dialog" aria-label="Close" type="button" data-view-component="true" class="close-button Overlay-closeButton"><svg aria-hidden="true" height="16" viewBox="0 0 16 16" version="1.1" width="16" data-view-component="true" class="octicon octicon-x"> <path d="M3.72 3.72a.75.75 0 0 1 1.06 0L8 6.94l3.22-3.22a.749.749 0 0 1 1.275.326.749.749 0 0 1-.215.734L9.06 8l3.22 3.22a.749.749 0 0 1-.326 1.275.749.749 0 0 1-.734-.215L8 9.06l-3.22 3.22a.751.751 0 0 1-1.042-.018.751.751 0 0 1-.018-1.042L6.94 8 3.72 4.78a.75.75 0 0 1 0-1.06Z"></path> </svg></button> </div> </div> </div> <scrollable-region data-labelled-by="custom-scopes-dialog-title"> <div data-view-component="true" class="Overlay-body"> <div data-target="custom-scopes.customScopesModalDialogFlash"></div> <div hidden class="create-custom-scope-form" data-target="custom-scopes.createCustomScopeForm"> </option></form><form id="custom-scopes-dialog-form" data-turbo="false" action="/search/custom_scopes" accept-charset="UTF-8" method="post"><input type="hidden" data-csrf="true" name="authenticity_token" value="U03uFoyM4ax0+pnsG3ovZniwl+Lesd+qDkAx0S57DN6pRPH2MQGcBhqZOPGq9QcaS7gV2bKdxWBWWNuYsZ7MlQ==" /> <div data-target="custom-scopes.customScopesModalDialogFlash"></div> <input type="hidden" id="custom_scope_id" name="custom_scope_id" data-target="custom-scopes.customScopesIdField"> <div class="form-group"> <label for="custom_scope_name">Name</label> <auto-check src="/search/custom_scopes/check_name" required only-validate-on-blur="false"> <input type="text" name="custom_scope_name" id="custom_scope_name" data-target="custom-scopes.customScopesNameField" class="form-control" autocomplete="off" placeholder="github-ruby" required maxlength="50"> <input type="hidden" data-csrf="true" value="kanANNMHf91+wXnbENam4MPuW0kD+niNRtDB3EFxjkH8I8FQn6r4eLmbNd1muB6PgMkdMlRfCya3f6NBVW7k6g==" /> </auto-check> </div> <div class="form-group"> <label for="custom_scope_query">Query</label> <input type="text" name="custom_scope_query" id="custom_scope_query" data-target="custom-scopes.customScopesQueryField" class="form-control" autocomplete="off" placeholder="(repo:mona/a OR repo:mona/b) AND lang:python" required maxlength="500"> </div> <p class="text-small color-fg-muted"> To see all available qualifiers, see our <a class="Link--inTextBlock" href="https://docs.github.com/search-github/github-code-search/understanding-github-code-search-syntax">documentation</a>. </p> </form> </div> <div data-target="custom-scopes.manageCustomScopesForm"> <div data-target="custom-scopes.list"></div> </div> </div> </scrollable-region> <div data-view-component="true" class="Overlay-footer Overlay-footer--alignEnd Overlay-footer--divided"> <button data-action="click:custom-scopes#customScopesCancel" type="button" data-view-component="true" class="btn"> Cancel </button> <button form="custom-scopes-dialog-form" data-action="click:custom-scopes#customScopesSubmit" data-target="custom-scopes.customScopesSubmitButton" type="submit" data-view-component="true" class="btn-primary btn"> Create saved search </button> </div> </dialog></dialog-helper> </custom-scopes> </div> </qbsearch-input> <div class="position-relative HeaderMenu-link-wrap d-lg-inline-block"> <a href="/login?return_to=https%3A%2F%2Fgithub.com%2Fpython%2Fpeps%2Fblob%2Fmain%2Fpeps%2Fpep-3127.rst" class="HeaderMenu-link HeaderMenu-link--sign-in HeaderMenu-button flex-shrink-0 no-underline d-none d-lg-inline-flex border border-lg-0 rounded rounded-lg-0 px-2 py-1" style="margin-left: 12px;" data-hydro-click="{"event_type":"authentication.click","payload":{"location_in_page":"site header menu","repository_id":null,"auth_type":"SIGN_UP","originating_url":"https://github.com/python/peps/blob/main/peps/pep-3127.rst","user_id":null}}" data-hydro-click-hmac="e1f2f95b32c8ddac8255493963de927fed7e3359a983c727bfad744c5e923100" data-analytics-event="{"category":"Marketing nav","action":"click to go to homepage","label":"ref_page:Marketing;ref_cta:Sign in;ref_loc:Header"}" > Sign in </a> </div> <a href="/signup?ref_cta=Sign+up&ref_loc=header+logged+out&ref_page=%2F%3Cuser-name%3E%2F%3Crepo-name%3E%2Fblob%2Fshow&source=header-repo&source_repo=python%2Fpeps" class="HeaderMenu-link HeaderMenu-link--sign-up HeaderMenu-button flex-shrink-0 d-flex d-lg-inline-flex no-underline border color-border-default rounded px-2 py-1" data-hydro-click="{"event_type":"authentication.click","payload":{"location_in_page":"site header menu","repository_id":null,"auth_type":"SIGN_UP","originating_url":"https://github.com/python/peps/blob/main/peps/pep-3127.rst","user_id":null}}" data-hydro-click-hmac="e1f2f95b32c8ddac8255493963de927fed7e3359a983c727bfad744c5e923100" data-analytics-event="{"category":"Sign up","action":"click to sign up for account","label":"ref_page:/<user-name>/<repo-name>/blob/show;ref_cta:Sign up;ref_loc:header logged out"}" > Sign up </a> <button type="button" class="sr-only js-header-menu-focus-trap d-block d-lg-none">Reseting focus</button> </div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div hidden="hidden" data-view-component="true" class="js-stale-session-flash stale-session-flash flash flash-warn flash-full"> <svg aria-hidden="true" height="16" viewBox="0 0 16 16" version="1.1" width="16" data-view-component="true" class="octicon octicon-alert"> <path d="M6.457 1.047c.659-1.234 2.427-1.234 3.086 0l6.082 11.378A1.75 1.75 0 0 1 14.082 15H1.918a1.75 1.75 0 0 1-1.543-2.575Zm1.763.707a.25.25 0 0 0-.44 0L1.698 13.132a.25.25 0 0 0 .22.368h12.164a.25.25 0 0 0 .22-.368Zm.53 3.996v2.5a.75.75 0 0 1-1.5 0v-2.5a.75.75 0 0 1 1.5 0ZM9 11a1 1 0 1 1-2 0 1 1 0 0 1 2 0Z"></path> </svg> <span class="js-stale-session-flash-signed-in" hidden>You signed in with another tab or window. <a class="Link--inTextBlock" href="">Reload</a> to refresh your session.</span> <span class="js-stale-session-flash-signed-out" hidden>You signed out in another tab or window. <a class="Link--inTextBlock" href="">Reload</a> to refresh your session.</span> <span class="js-stale-session-flash-switched" hidden>You switched accounts on another tab or window. <a class="Link--inTextBlock" href="">Reload</a> to refresh your session.</span> <button id="icon-button-a55344c8-1cd6-45b9-b0f8-2edde24f1c4f" aria-labelledby="tooltip-fdbecca2-5622-4f96-ae52-45b7c6549bc5" type="button" data-view-component="true" class="Button Button--iconOnly Button--invisible Button--medium flash-close js-flash-close"> <svg aria-hidden="true" height="16" viewBox="0 0 16 16" version="1.1" width="16" data-view-component="true" class="octicon octicon-x Button-visual"> <path d="M3.72 3.72a.75.75 0 0 1 1.06 0L8 6.94l3.22-3.22a.749.749 0 0 1 1.275.326.749.749 0 0 1-.215.734L9.06 8l3.22 3.22a.749.749 0 0 1-.326 1.275.749.749 0 0 1-.734-.215L8 9.06l-3.22 3.22a.751.751 0 0 1-1.042-.018.751.751 0 0 1-.018-1.042L6.94 8 3.72 4.78a.75.75 0 0 1 0-1.06Z"></path> </svg> </button><tool-tip id="tooltip-fdbecca2-5622-4f96-ae52-45b7c6549bc5" for="icon-button-a55344c8-1cd6-45b9-b0f8-2edde24f1c4f" popover="manual" data-direction="s" data-type="label" data-view-component="true" class="sr-only position-absolute">Dismiss alert</tool-tip> </div> </div> <div id="start-of-content" class="show-on-focus"></div> <div id="js-flash-container" class="flash-container" data-turbo-replace> <template class="js-flash-template"> <div class="flash flash-full {{ className }}"> <div > <button autofocus class="flash-close js-flash-close" type="button" aria-label="Dismiss this message"> <svg aria-hidden="true" height="16" viewBox="0 0 16 16" version="1.1" width="16" data-view-component="true" class="octicon octicon-x"> <path d="M3.72 3.72a.75.75 0 0 1 1.06 0L8 6.94l3.22-3.22a.749.749 0 0 1 1.275.326.749.749 0 0 1-.215.734L9.06 8l3.22 3.22a.749.749 0 0 1-.326 1.275.749.749 0 0 1-.734-.215L8 9.06l-3.22 3.22a.751.751 0 0 1-1.042-.018.751.751 0 0 1-.018-1.042L6.94 8 3.72 4.78a.75.75 0 0 1 0-1.06Z"></path> </svg> </button> <div aria-atomic="true" role="alert" class="js-flash-alert"> <div>{{ message }}</div> </div> </div> </div> </template> </div> <div class="application-main " data-commit-hovercards-enabled data-discussion-hovercards-enabled data-issue-and-pr-hovercards-enabled data-project-hovercards-enabled > <div itemscope itemtype="http://schema.org/SoftwareSourceCode" class=""> <main id="js-repo-pjax-container" > <div id="repository-container-header" class="pt-3 hide-full-screen" style="background-color: var(--page-header-bgColor, var(--color-page-header-bg));" data-turbo-replace> <div class="d-flex flex-nowrap flex-justify-end mb-3 px-3 px-lg-5" style="gap: 1rem;"> <div class="flex-auto min-width-0 width-fit"> <div class=" d-flex flex-wrap flex-items-center wb-break-word f3 text-normal"> <svg aria-hidden="true" height="16" viewBox="0 0 16 16" version="1.1" width="16" data-view-component="true" class="octicon octicon-repo color-fg-muted mr-2"> <path d="M2 2.5A2.5 2.5 0 0 1 4.5 0h8.75a.75.75 0 0 1 .75.75v12.5a.75.75 0 0 1-.75.75h-2.5a.75.75 0 0 1 0-1.5h1.75v-2h-8a1 1 0 0 0-.714 1.7.75.75 0 1 1-1.072 1.05A2.495 2.495 0 0 1 2 11.5Zm10.5-1h-8a1 1 0 0 0-1 1v6.708A2.486 2.486 0 0 1 4.5 9h8ZM5 12.25a.25.25 0 0 1 .25-.25h3.5a.25.25 0 0 1 .25.25v3.25a.25.25 0 0 1-.4.2l-1.45-1.087a.249.249 0 0 0-.3 0L5.4 15.7a.25.25 0 0 1-.4-.2Z"></path> </svg> <span class="author flex-self-stretch" itemprop="author"> <a class="url fn" rel="author" data-hovercard-type="organization" data-hovercard-url="/orgs/python/hovercard" data-octo-click="hovercard-link-click" data-octo-dimensions="link_type:self" href="/python"> python </a> </span> <span class="mx-1 flex-self-stretch color-fg-muted">/</span> <strong itemprop="name" class="mr-2 flex-self-stretch"> <a data-pjax="#repo-content-pjax-container" data-turbo-frame="repo-content-turbo-frame" href="/python/peps">peps</a> </strong> <span></span><span class="Label Label--secondary v-align-middle mr-1">Public</span> </div> </div> <div id="repository-details-container" class="flex-shrink-0" data-turbo-replace style="max-width: 70%;"> <ul class="pagehead-actions flex-shrink-0 d-none d-md-inline" style="padding: 2px 0;"> <li> <include-fragment src="/python/peps/sponsor_button"></include-fragment> </li> <li> <a href="/login?return_to=%2Fpython%2Fpeps" rel="nofollow" id="repository-details-watch-button" data-hydro-click="{"event_type":"authentication.click","payload":{"location_in_page":"notification subscription menu watch","repository_id":null,"auth_type":"LOG_IN","originating_url":"https://github.com/python/peps/blob/main/peps/pep-3127.rst","user_id":null}}" data-hydro-click-hmac="882e794ce115bcb9e3982f90ddd011ae645fc0bb816f94f0d743193cb359095f" aria-label="You must be signed in to change notification settings" data-view-component="true" class="btn-sm btn"> <svg aria-hidden="true" height="16" viewBox="0 0 16 16" version="1.1" width="16" data-view-component="true" class="octicon octicon-bell mr-2"> <path d="M8 16a2 2 0 0 0 1.985-1.75c.017-.137-.097-.25-.235-.25h-3.5c-.138 0-.252.113-.235.25A2 2 0 0 0 8 16ZM3 5a5 5 0 0 1 10 0v2.947c0 .05.015.098.042.139l1.703 2.555A1.519 1.519 0 0 1 13.482 13H2.518a1.516 1.516 0 0 1-1.263-2.36l1.703-2.554A.255.255 0 0 0 3 7.947Zm5-3.5A3.5 3.5 0 0 0 4.5 5v2.947c0 .346-.102.683-.294.97l-1.703 2.556a.017.017 0 0 0-.003.01l.001.006c0 .002.002.004.004.006l.006.004.007.001h10.964l.007-.001.006-.004.004-.006.001-.007a.017.017 0 0 0-.003-.01l-1.703-2.554a1.745 1.745 0 0 1-.294-.97V5A3.5 3.5 0 0 0 8 1.5Z"></path> </svg>Notifications </a> <tool-tip id="tooltip-10f6868c-c0c0-4bce-9fb7-d490fdc07ead" for="repository-details-watch-button" popover="manual" data-direction="s" data-type="description" data-view-component="true" class="sr-only position-absolute">You must be signed in to change notification settings</tool-tip> </li> <li> <a icon="repo-forked" id="fork-button" href="/login?return_to=%2Fpython%2Fpeps" rel="nofollow" data-hydro-click="{"event_type":"authentication.click","payload":{"location_in_page":"repo details fork button","repository_id":13414105,"auth_type":"LOG_IN","originating_url":"https://github.com/python/peps/blob/main/peps/pep-3127.rst","user_id":null}}" data-hydro-click-hmac="90f7db8da294ad4816ebb96acbe1ce90053fbde5e545da1ab3187470a7623525" data-view-component="true" class="btn-sm btn"> <svg aria-hidden="true" height="16" viewBox="0 0 16 16" version="1.1" width="16" data-view-component="true" class="octicon octicon-repo-forked mr-2"> <path d="M5 5.372v.878c0 .414.336.75.75.75h4.5a.75.75 0 0 0 .75-.75v-.878a2.25 2.25 0 1 1 1.5 0v.878a2.25 2.25 0 0 1-2.25 2.25h-1.5v2.128a2.251 2.251 0 1 1-1.5 0V8.5h-1.5A2.25 2.25 0 0 1 3.5 6.25v-.878a2.25 2.25 0 1 1 1.5 0ZM5 3.25a.75.75 0 1 0-1.5 0 .75.75 0 0 0 1.5 0Zm6.75.75a.75.75 0 1 0 0-1.5.75.75 0 0 0 0 1.5Zm-3 8.75a.75.75 0 1 0-1.5 0 .75.75 0 0 0 1.5 0Z"></path> </svg>Fork <span id="repo-network-counter" data-pjax-replace="true" data-turbo-replace="true" title="1,582" data-view-component="true" class="Counter">1.6k</span> </a> </li> <li> <div data-view-component="true" class="BtnGroup d-flex"> <a href="/login?return_to=%2Fpython%2Fpeps" rel="nofollow" data-hydro-click="{"event_type":"authentication.click","payload":{"location_in_page":"star button","repository_id":13414105,"auth_type":"LOG_IN","originating_url":"https://github.com/python/peps/blob/main/peps/pep-3127.rst","user_id":null}}" data-hydro-click-hmac="8e7950e4cb893cb829315ab6410280cb44af7ea4b49912a1cf94f8d238e2949b" aria-label="You must be signed in to star a repository" data-view-component="true" class="tooltipped tooltipped-sw btn-sm btn"> <svg aria-hidden="true" height="16" viewBox="0 0 16 16" version="1.1" width="16" data-view-component="true" class="octicon octicon-star v-align-text-bottom d-inline-block mr-2"> <path d="M8 .25a.75.75 0 0 1 .673.418l1.882 3.815 4.21.612a.75.75 0 0 1 .416 1.279l-3.046 2.97.719 4.192a.751.751 0 0 1-1.088.791L8 12.347l-3.766 1.98a.75.75 0 0 1-1.088-.79l.72-4.194L.818 6.374a.75.75 0 0 1 .416-1.28l4.21-.611L7.327.668A.75.75 0 0 1 8 .25Zm0 2.445L6.615 5.5a.75.75 0 0 1-.564.41l-3.097.45 2.24 2.184a.75.75 0 0 1 .216.664l-.528 3.084 2.769-1.456a.75.75 0 0 1 .698 0l2.77 1.456-.53-3.084a.75.75 0 0 1 .216-.664l2.24-2.183-3.096-.45a.75.75 0 0 1-.564-.41L8 2.694Z"></path> </svg><span data-view-component="true" class="d-inline"> Star </span> <span id="repo-stars-counter-star" aria-label="4565 users starred this repository" data-singular-suffix="user starred this repository" data-plural-suffix="users starred this repository" data-turbo-replace="true" title="4,565" data-view-component="true" class="Counter js-social-count">4.6k</span> </a></div> </li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="responsive-meta-container" data-turbo-replace> </div> <nav data-pjax="#js-repo-pjax-container" aria-label="Repository" data-view-component="true" class="js-repo-nav js-sidenav-container-pjax js-responsive-underlinenav overflow-hidden UnderlineNav px-3 px-md-4 px-lg-5"> <ul data-view-component="true" class="UnderlineNav-body list-style-none"> <li data-view-component="true" class="d-inline-flex"> <a id="code-tab" href="/python/peps" data-tab-item="i0code-tab" data-selected-links="repo_source repo_downloads repo_commits repo_releases repo_tags repo_branches repo_packages repo_deployments repo_attestations /python/peps" data-pjax="#repo-content-pjax-container" data-turbo-frame="repo-content-turbo-frame" data-hotkey="g c" data-analytics-event="{"category":"Underline navbar","action":"Click tab","label":"Code","target":"UNDERLINE_NAV.TAB"}" aria-current="page" data-view-component="true" class="UnderlineNav-item no-wrap js-responsive-underlinenav-item js-selected-navigation-item selected"> <svg aria-hidden="true" height="16" viewBox="0 0 16 16" version="1.1" width="16" data-view-component="true" class="octicon octicon-code UnderlineNav-octicon d-none d-sm-inline"> <path d="m11.28 3.22 4.25 4.25a.75.75 0 0 1 0 1.06l-4.25 4.25a.749.749 0 0 1-1.275-.326.749.749 0 0 1 .215-.734L13.94 8l-3.72-3.72a.749.749 0 0 1 .326-1.275.749.749 0 0 1 .734.215Zm-6.56 0a.751.751 0 0 1 1.042.018.751.751 0 0 1 .018 1.042L2.06 8l3.72 3.72a.749.749 0 0 1-.326 1.275.749.749 0 0 1-.734-.215L.47 8.53a.75.75 0 0 1 0-1.06Z"></path> </svg> <span data-content="Code">Code</span> <span id="code-repo-tab-count" data-pjax-replace="" data-turbo-replace="" title="Not available" data-view-component="true" class="Counter"></span> </a></li> <li data-view-component="true" class="d-inline-flex"> <a id="issues-tab" href="/python/peps/issues" data-tab-item="i1issues-tab" data-selected-links="repo_issues repo_labels repo_milestones /python/peps/issues" data-pjax="#repo-content-pjax-container" data-turbo-frame="repo-content-turbo-frame" data-hotkey="g i" data-analytics-event="{"category":"Underline navbar","action":"Click tab","label":"Issues","target":"UNDERLINE_NAV.TAB"}" data-view-component="true" class="UnderlineNav-item no-wrap js-responsive-underlinenav-item js-selected-navigation-item"> <svg aria-hidden="true" height="16" viewBox="0 0 16 16" version="1.1" width="16" data-view-component="true" class="octicon octicon-issue-opened UnderlineNav-octicon d-none d-sm-inline"> <path d="M8 9.5a1.5 1.5 0 1 0 0-3 1.5 1.5 0 0 0 0 3Z"></path><path d="M8 0a8 8 0 1 1 0 16A8 8 0 0 1 8 0ZM1.5 8a6.5 6.5 0 1 0 13 0 6.5 6.5 0 0 0-13 0Z"></path> </svg> <span data-content="Issues">Issues</span> <span id="issues-repo-tab-count" data-pjax-replace="" data-turbo-replace="" title="20" data-view-component="true" class="Counter">20</span> </a></li> <li data-view-component="true" class="d-inline-flex"> <a id="pull-requests-tab" href="/python/peps/pulls" data-tab-item="i2pull-requests-tab" data-selected-links="repo_pulls checks /python/peps/pulls" data-pjax="#repo-content-pjax-container" data-turbo-frame="repo-content-turbo-frame" data-hotkey="g p" data-analytics-event="{"category":"Underline navbar","action":"Click tab","label":"Pull requests","target":"UNDERLINE_NAV.TAB"}" data-view-component="true" class="UnderlineNav-item no-wrap js-responsive-underlinenav-item js-selected-navigation-item"> <svg aria-hidden="true" height="16" viewBox="0 0 16 16" version="1.1" width="16" data-view-component="true" class="octicon octicon-git-pull-request UnderlineNav-octicon d-none d-sm-inline"> <path d="M1.5 3.25a2.25 2.25 0 1 1 3 2.122v5.256a2.251 2.251 0 1 1-1.5 0V5.372A2.25 2.25 0 0 1 1.5 3.25Zm5.677-.177L9.573.677A.25.25 0 0 1 10 .854V2.5h1A2.5 2.5 0 0 1 13.5 5v5.628a2.251 2.251 0 1 1-1.5 0V5a1 1 0 0 0-1-1h-1v1.646a.25.25 0 0 1-.427.177L7.177 3.427a.25.25 0 0 1 0-.354ZM3.75 2.5a.75.75 0 1 0 0 1.5.75.75 0 0 0 0-1.5Zm0 9.5a.75.75 0 1 0 0 1.5.75.75 0 0 0 0-1.5Zm8.25.75a.75.75 0 1 0 1.5 0 .75.75 0 0 0-1.5 0Z"></path> </svg> <span data-content="Pull requests">Pull requests</span> <span id="pull-requests-repo-tab-count" data-pjax-replace="" data-turbo-replace="" title="32" data-view-component="true" class="Counter">32</span> </a></li> <li data-view-component="true" class="d-inline-flex"> <a id="actions-tab" href="/python/peps/actions" data-tab-item="i3actions-tab" data-selected-links="repo_actions /python/peps/actions" data-pjax="#repo-content-pjax-container" data-turbo-frame="repo-content-turbo-frame" data-hotkey="g a" data-analytics-event="{"category":"Underline navbar","action":"Click tab","label":"Actions","target":"UNDERLINE_NAV.TAB"}" data-view-component="true" class="UnderlineNav-item no-wrap js-responsive-underlinenav-item js-selected-navigation-item"> <svg aria-hidden="true" height="16" viewBox="0 0 16 16" version="1.1" width="16" data-view-component="true" class="octicon octicon-play UnderlineNav-octicon d-none d-sm-inline"> <path d="M8 0a8 8 0 1 1 0 16A8 8 0 0 1 8 0ZM1.5 8a6.5 6.5 0 1 0 13 0 6.5 6.5 0 0 0-13 0Zm4.879-2.773 4.264 2.559a.25.25 0 0 1 0 .428l-4.264 2.559A.25.25 0 0 1 6 10.559V5.442a.25.25 0 0 1 .379-.215Z"></path> </svg> <span data-content="Actions">Actions</span> <span id="actions-repo-tab-count" data-pjax-replace="" data-turbo-replace="" title="Not available" data-view-component="true" class="Counter"></span> </a></li> <li data-view-component="true" class="d-inline-flex"> <a id="security-tab" href="/python/peps/security" data-tab-item="i4security-tab" data-selected-links="security overview alerts policy token_scanning code_scanning /python/peps/security" data-pjax="#repo-content-pjax-container" data-turbo-frame="repo-content-turbo-frame" data-hotkey="g s" data-analytics-event="{"category":"Underline navbar","action":"Click tab","label":"Security","target":"UNDERLINE_NAV.TAB"}" data-view-component="true" class="UnderlineNav-item no-wrap js-responsive-underlinenav-item js-selected-navigation-item"> <svg aria-hidden="true" height="16" viewBox="0 0 16 16" version="1.1" width="16" data-view-component="true" class="octicon octicon-shield UnderlineNav-octicon d-none d-sm-inline"> <path d="M7.467.133a1.748 1.748 0 0 1 1.066 0l5.25 1.68A1.75 1.75 0 0 1 15 3.48V7c0 1.566-.32 3.182-1.303 4.682-.983 1.498-2.585 2.813-5.032 3.855a1.697 1.697 0 0 1-1.33 0c-2.447-1.042-4.049-2.357-5.032-3.855C1.32 10.182 1 8.566 1 7V3.48a1.75 1.75 0 0 1 1.217-1.667Zm.61 1.429a.25.25 0 0 0-.153 0l-5.25 1.68a.25.25 0 0 0-.174.238V7c0 1.358.275 2.666 1.057 3.86.784 1.194 2.121 2.34 4.366 3.297a.196.196 0 0 0 .154 0c2.245-.956 3.582-2.104 4.366-3.298C13.225 9.666 13.5 8.36 13.5 7V3.48a.251.251 0 0 0-.174-.237l-5.25-1.68ZM8.75 4.75v3a.75.75 0 0 1-1.5 0v-3a.75.75 0 0 1 1.5 0ZM9 10.5a1 1 0 1 1-2 0 1 1 0 0 1 2 0Z"></path> </svg> <span data-content="Security">Security</span> <include-fragment src="/python/peps/security/overall-count" accept="text/fragment+html"></include-fragment> </a></li> <li data-view-component="true" class="d-inline-flex"> <a id="insights-tab" href="/python/peps/pulse" data-tab-item="i5insights-tab" data-selected-links="repo_graphs repo_contributors dependency_graph dependabot_updates pulse people community /python/peps/pulse" data-pjax="#repo-content-pjax-container" data-turbo-frame="repo-content-turbo-frame" data-analytics-event="{"category":"Underline navbar","action":"Click tab","label":"Insights","target":"UNDERLINE_NAV.TAB"}" data-view-component="true" class="UnderlineNav-item no-wrap js-responsive-underlinenav-item js-selected-navigation-item"> <svg aria-hidden="true" height="16" viewBox="0 0 16 16" version="1.1" width="16" data-view-component="true" class="octicon octicon-graph UnderlineNav-octicon d-none d-sm-inline"> <path d="M1.5 1.75V13.5h13.75a.75.75 0 0 1 0 1.5H.75a.75.75 0 0 1-.75-.75V1.75a.75.75 0 0 1 1.5 0Zm14.28 2.53-5.25 5.25a.75.75 0 0 1-1.06 0L7 7.06 4.28 9.78a.751.751 0 0 1-1.042-.018.751.751 0 0 1-.018-1.042l3.25-3.25a.75.75 0 0 1 1.06 0L10 7.94l4.72-4.72a.751.751 0 0 1 1.042.018.751.751 0 0 1 .018 1.042Z"></path> </svg> <span data-content="Insights">Insights</span> <span id="insights-repo-tab-count" data-pjax-replace="" data-turbo-replace="" title="Not available" data-view-component="true" class="Counter"></span> </a></li> </ul> <div style="visibility:hidden;" data-view-component="true" class="UnderlineNav-actions js-responsive-underlinenav-overflow position-absolute pr-3 pr-md-4 pr-lg-5 right-0"> <action-menu data-select-variant="none" data-view-component="true"> <focus-group direction="vertical" mnemonics retain> <button id="action-menu-91cb621c-490f-46e4-b6e0-3cb201ca39f7-button" popovertarget="action-menu-91cb621c-490f-46e4-b6e0-3cb201ca39f7-overlay" aria-controls="action-menu-91cb621c-490f-46e4-b6e0-3cb201ca39f7-list" aria-haspopup="true" aria-labelledby="tooltip-1caedf6a-996d-447b-862b-cbfe30a9f299" type="button" data-view-component="true" class="Button Button--iconOnly Button--secondary Button--medium UnderlineNav-item"> <svg aria-hidden="true" height="16" viewBox="0 0 16 16" version="1.1" width="16" data-view-component="true" class="octicon octicon-kebab-horizontal Button-visual"> <path d="M8 9a1.5 1.5 0 1 0 0-3 1.5 1.5 0 0 0 0 3ZM1.5 9a1.5 1.5 0 1 0 0-3 1.5 1.5 0 0 0 0 3Zm13 0a1.5 1.5 0 1 0 0-3 1.5 1.5 0 0 0 0 3Z"></path> </svg> </button><tool-tip id="tooltip-1caedf6a-996d-447b-862b-cbfe30a9f299" for="action-menu-91cb621c-490f-46e4-b6e0-3cb201ca39f7-button" popover="manual" data-direction="s" data-type="label" data-view-component="true" class="sr-only position-absolute">Additional navigation options</tool-tip> <anchored-position data-target="action-menu.overlay" id="action-menu-91cb621c-490f-46e4-b6e0-3cb201ca39f7-overlay" anchor="action-menu-91cb621c-490f-46e4-b6e0-3cb201ca39f7-button" align="start" side="outside-bottom" anchor-offset="normal" popover="auto" data-view-component="true"> <div data-view-component="true" class="Overlay Overlay--size-auto"> <div data-view-component="true" class="Overlay-body Overlay-body--paddingNone"> <action-list> <div data-view-component="true"> <ul aria-labelledby="action-menu-91cb621c-490f-46e4-b6e0-3cb201ca39f7-button" id="action-menu-91cb621c-490f-46e4-b6e0-3cb201ca39f7-list" role="menu" data-view-component="true" class="ActionListWrap--inset ActionListWrap"> <li hidden="hidden" data-menu-item="i0code-tab" data-targets="action-list.items" role="none" data-view-component="true" class="ActionListItem"> <a tabindex="-1" id="item-04200c61-c7ae-4428-8688-bbc5fb0e1d8a" href="/python/peps" role="menuitem" data-view-component="true" class="ActionListContent ActionListContent--visual16"> <span class="ActionListItem-visual ActionListItem-visual--leading"> <svg aria-hidden="true" height="16" viewBox="0 0 16 16" version="1.1" width="16" data-view-component="true" class="octicon octicon-code"> <path d="m11.28 3.22 4.25 4.25a.75.75 0 0 1 0 1.06l-4.25 4.25a.749.749 0 0 1-1.275-.326.749.749 0 0 1 .215-.734L13.94 8l-3.72-3.72a.749.749 0 0 1 .326-1.275.749.749 0 0 1 .734.215Zm-6.56 0a.751.751 0 0 1 1.042.018.751.751 0 0 1 .018 1.042L2.06 8l3.72 3.72a.749.749 0 0 1-.326 1.275.749.749 0 0 1-.734-.215L.47 8.53a.75.75 0 0 1 0-1.06Z"></path> </svg> </span> <span data-view-component="true" class="ActionListItem-label"> Code </span> </a> </li> <li hidden="hidden" data-menu-item="i1issues-tab" data-targets="action-list.items" role="none" data-view-component="true" class="ActionListItem"> <a tabindex="-1" id="item-a57e6777-ffe4-484f-9219-eaf265d1047a" href="/python/peps/issues" role="menuitem" data-view-component="true" class="ActionListContent ActionListContent--visual16"> <span class="ActionListItem-visual ActionListItem-visual--leading"> <svg aria-hidden="true" height="16" viewBox="0 0 16 16" version="1.1" width="16" data-view-component="true" class="octicon octicon-issue-opened"> <path d="M8 9.5a1.5 1.5 0 1 0 0-3 1.5 1.5 0 0 0 0 3Z"></path><path d="M8 0a8 8 0 1 1 0 16A8 8 0 0 1 8 0ZM1.5 8a6.5 6.5 0 1 0 13 0 6.5 6.5 0 0 0-13 0Z"></path> </svg> </span> <span data-view-component="true" class="ActionListItem-label"> Issues </span> </a> </li> <li hidden="hidden" data-menu-item="i2pull-requests-tab" data-targets="action-list.items" role="none" data-view-component="true" class="ActionListItem"> <a tabindex="-1" id="item-b94c99c9-5cc1-47cd-9144-0baec2e423e4" href="/python/peps/pulls" role="menuitem" data-view-component="true" class="ActionListContent ActionListContent--visual16"> <span class="ActionListItem-visual ActionListItem-visual--leading"> <svg aria-hidden="true" height="16" viewBox="0 0 16 16" version="1.1" width="16" data-view-component="true" class="octicon octicon-git-pull-request"> <path d="M1.5 3.25a2.25 2.25 0 1 1 3 2.122v5.256a2.251 2.251 0 1 1-1.5 0V5.372A2.25 2.25 0 0 1 1.5 3.25Zm5.677-.177L9.573.677A.25.25 0 0 1 10 .854V2.5h1A2.5 2.5 0 0 1 13.5 5v5.628a2.251 2.251 0 1 1-1.5 0V5a1 1 0 0 0-1-1h-1v1.646a.25.25 0 0 1-.427.177L7.177 3.427a.25.25 0 0 1 0-.354ZM3.75 2.5a.75.75 0 1 0 0 1.5.75.75 0 0 0 0-1.5Zm0 9.5a.75.75 0 1 0 0 1.5.75.75 0 0 0 0-1.5Zm8.25.75a.75.75 0 1 0 1.5 0 .75.75 0 0 0-1.5 0Z"></path> </svg> </span> <span data-view-component="true" class="ActionListItem-label"> Pull requests </span> </a> </li> <li hidden="hidden" data-menu-item="i3actions-tab" data-targets="action-list.items" role="none" data-view-component="true" class="ActionListItem"> <a tabindex="-1" id="item-a205fc37-33af-4c68-9b96-65c110eb9787" href="/python/peps/actions" role="menuitem" data-view-component="true" class="ActionListContent ActionListContent--visual16"> <span class="ActionListItem-visual ActionListItem-visual--leading"> <svg aria-hidden="true" height="16" viewBox="0 0 16 16" version="1.1" width="16" data-view-component="true" class="octicon octicon-play"> <path d="M8 0a8 8 0 1 1 0 16A8 8 0 0 1 8 0ZM1.5 8a6.5 6.5 0 1 0 13 0 6.5 6.5 0 0 0-13 0Zm4.879-2.773 4.264 2.559a.25.25 0 0 1 0 .428l-4.264 2.559A.25.25 0 0 1 6 10.559V5.442a.25.25 0 0 1 .379-.215Z"></path> </svg> </span> <span data-view-component="true" class="ActionListItem-label"> Actions </span> </a> </li> <li hidden="hidden" data-menu-item="i4security-tab" data-targets="action-list.items" role="none" data-view-component="true" class="ActionListItem"> <a tabindex="-1" id="item-3593335a-0a0e-44d7-bf9d-bdb96600bf5e" href="/python/peps/security" role="menuitem" data-view-component="true" class="ActionListContent ActionListContent--visual16"> <span class="ActionListItem-visual ActionListItem-visual--leading"> <svg aria-hidden="true" height="16" viewBox="0 0 16 16" version="1.1" width="16" data-view-component="true" class="octicon octicon-shield"> <path d="M7.467.133a1.748 1.748 0 0 1 1.066 0l5.25 1.68A1.75 1.75 0 0 1 15 3.48V7c0 1.566-.32 3.182-1.303 4.682-.983 1.498-2.585 2.813-5.032 3.855a1.697 1.697 0 0 1-1.33 0c-2.447-1.042-4.049-2.357-5.032-3.855C1.32 10.182 1 8.566 1 7V3.48a1.75 1.75 0 0 1 1.217-1.667Zm.61 1.429a.25.25 0 0 0-.153 0l-5.25 1.68a.25.25 0 0 0-.174.238V7c0 1.358.275 2.666 1.057 3.86.784 1.194 2.121 2.34 4.366 3.297a.196.196 0 0 0 .154 0c2.245-.956 3.582-2.104 4.366-3.298C13.225 9.666 13.5 8.36 13.5 7V3.48a.251.251 0 0 0-.174-.237l-5.25-1.68ZM8.75 4.75v3a.75.75 0 0 1-1.5 0v-3a.75.75 0 0 1 1.5 0ZM9 10.5a1 1 0 1 1-2 0 1 1 0 0 1 2 0Z"></path> </svg> </span> <span data-view-component="true" class="ActionListItem-label"> Security </span> </a> </li> <li hidden="hidden" data-menu-item="i5insights-tab" data-targets="action-list.items" role="none" data-view-component="true" class="ActionListItem"> <a tabindex="-1" id="item-e508c13d-0b8f-43be-ab19-f2e74675229e" href="/python/peps/pulse" role="menuitem" data-view-component="true" class="ActionListContent ActionListContent--visual16"> <span class="ActionListItem-visual ActionListItem-visual--leading"> <svg aria-hidden="true" height="16" viewBox="0 0 16 16" version="1.1" width="16" data-view-component="true" class="octicon octicon-graph"> <path d="M1.5 1.75V13.5h13.75a.75.75 0 0 1 0 1.5H.75a.75.75 0 0 1-.75-.75V1.75a.75.75 0 0 1 1.5 0Zm14.28 2.53-5.25 5.25a.75.75 0 0 1-1.06 0L7 7.06 4.28 9.78a.751.751 0 0 1-1.042-.018.751.751 0 0 1-.018-1.042l3.25-3.25a.75.75 0 0 1 1.06 0L10 7.94l4.72-4.72a.751.751 0 0 1 1.042.018.751.751 0 0 1 .018 1.042Z"></path> </svg> </span> <span data-view-component="true" class="ActionListItem-label"> Insights </span> </a> </li> </ul> </div></action-list> </div> </div></anchored-position> </focus-group> </action-menu></div> </nav> </div> <turbo-frame id="repo-content-turbo-frame" target="_top" data-turbo-action="advance" class=""> <div id="repo-content-pjax-container" class="repository-content " > <react-app app-name="react-code-view" initial-path="/python/peps/blob/main/peps/pep-3127.rst" style="display: block; min-height: calc(100vh - 64px);" data-attempted-ssr="true" data-ssr="true" data-lazy="false" data-alternate="false" data-data-router-enabled="false" > <script type="application/json" data-target="react-app.embeddedData">{"payload":{"allShortcutsEnabled":false,"fileTree":{"peps":{"items":[{"name":"api","path":"peps/api","contentType":"directory"},{"name":"pep-0001","path":"peps/pep-0001","contentType":"directory"},{"name":"pep-0012","path":"peps/pep-0012","contentType":"directory"},{"name":"pep-0418","path":"peps/pep-0418","contentType":"directory"},{"name":"pep-0426","path":"peps/pep-0426","contentType":"directory"},{"name":"pep-0433","path":"peps/pep-0433","contentType":"directory"},{"name":"pep-0446","path":"peps/pep-0446","contentType":"directory"},{"name":"pep-0465","path":"peps/pep-0465","contentType":"directory"},{"name":"pep-0505","path":"peps/pep-0505","contentType":"directory"},{"name":"pep-0532","path":"peps/pep-0532","contentType":"directory"},{"name":"pep-0605","path":"peps/pep-0605","contentType":"directory"},{"name":"pep-0639","path":"peps/pep-0639","contentType":"directory"},{"name":"pep-0662","path":"peps/pep-0662","contentType":"directory"},{"name":"pep-0739","path":"peps/pep-0739","contentType":"directory"},{"name":"pep-0777","path":"peps/pep-0777","contentType":"directory"},{"name":"conf.py","path":"peps/conf.py","contentType":"file"},{"name":"contents.rst","path":"peps/contents.rst","contentType":"file"},{"name":"pep-0001.rst","path":"peps/pep-0001.rst","contentType":"file"},{"name":"pep-0002.rst","path":"peps/pep-0002.rst","contentType":"file"},{"name":"pep-0003.rst","path":"peps/pep-0003.rst","contentType":"file"},{"name":"pep-0004.rst","path":"peps/pep-0004.rst","contentType":"file"},{"name":"pep-0005.rst","path":"peps/pep-0005.rst","contentType":"file"},{"name":"pep-0006.rst","path":"peps/pep-0006.rst","contentType":"file"},{"name":"pep-0007.rst","path":"peps/pep-0007.rst","contentType":"file"},{"name":"pep-0008.rst","path":"peps/pep-0008.rst","contentType":"file"},{"name":"pep-0009.rst","path":"peps/pep-0009.rst","contentType":"file"},{"name":"pep-0010.rst","path":"peps/pep-0010.rst","contentType":"file"},{"name":"pep-0011.rst","path":"peps/pep-0011.rst","contentType":"file"},{"name":"pep-0012.rst","path":"peps/pep-0012.rst","contentType":"file"},{"name":"pep-0013.rst","path":"peps/pep-0013.rst","contentType":"file"},{"name":"pep-0020.rst","path":"peps/pep-0020.rst","contentType":"file"},{"name":"pep-0042.rst","path":"peps/pep-0042.rst","contentType":"file"},{"name":"pep-0100.rst","path":"peps/pep-0100.rst","contentType":"file"},{"name":"pep-0101.rst","path":"peps/pep-0101.rst","contentType":"file"},{"name":"pep-0102.rst","path":"peps/pep-0102.rst","contentType":"file"},{"name":"pep-0103.rst","path":"peps/pep-0103.rst","contentType":"file"},{"name":"pep-0160.rst","path":"peps/pep-0160.rst","contentType":"file"},{"name":"pep-0200.rst","path":"peps/pep-0200.rst","contentType":"file"},{"name":"pep-0201.rst","path":"peps/pep-0201.rst","contentType":"file"},{"name":"pep-0202.rst","path":"peps/pep-0202.rst","contentType":"file"},{"name":"pep-0203.rst","path":"peps/pep-0203.rst","contentType":"file"},{"name":"pep-0204.rst","path":"peps/pep-0204.rst","contentType":"file"},{"name":"pep-0205.rst","path":"peps/pep-0205.rst","contentType":"file"},{"name":"pep-0206.rst","path":"peps/pep-0206.rst","contentType":"file"},{"name":"pep-0207.rst","path":"peps/pep-0207.rst","contentType":"file"},{"name":"pep-0208.rst","path":"peps/pep-0208.rst","contentType":"file"},{"name":"pep-0209.rst","path":"peps/pep-0209.rst","contentType":"file"},{"name":"pep-0210.rst","path":"peps/pep-0210.rst","contentType":"file"},{"name":"pep-0211.rst","path":"peps/pep-0211.rst","contentType":"file"},{"name":"pep-0212.rst","path":"peps/pep-0212.rst","contentType":"file"},{"name":"pep-0213.rst","path":"peps/pep-0213.rst","contentType":"file"},{"name":"pep-0214.rst","path":"peps/pep-0214.rst","contentType":"file"},{"name":"pep-0215.rst","path":"peps/pep-0215.rst","contentType":"file"},{"name":"pep-0216.rst","path":"peps/pep-0216.rst","contentType":"file"},{"name":"pep-0217.rst","path":"peps/pep-0217.rst","contentType":"file"},{"name":"pep-0218.rst","path":"peps/pep-0218.rst","contentType":"file"},{"name":"pep-0219.rst","path":"peps/pep-0219.rst","contentType":"file"},{"name":"pep-0220.rst","path":"peps/pep-0220.rst","contentType":"file"},{"name":"pep-0221.rst","path":"peps/pep-0221.rst","contentType":"file"},{"name":"pep-0222.rst","path":"peps/pep-0222.rst","contentType":"file"},{"name":"pep-0223.rst","path":"peps/pep-0223.rst","contentType":"file"},{"name":"pep-0224.rst","path":"peps/pep-0224.rst","contentType":"file"},{"name":"pep-0225.rst","path":"peps/pep-0225.rst","contentType":"file"},{"name":"pep-0226.rst","path":"peps/pep-0226.rst","contentType":"file"},{"name":"pep-0227.rst","path":"peps/pep-0227.rst","contentType":"file"},{"name":"pep-0228.rst","path":"peps/pep-0228.rst","contentType":"file"},{"name":"pep-0229.rst","path":"peps/pep-0229.rst","contentType":"file"},{"name":"pep-0230.rst","path":"peps/pep-0230.rst","contentType":"file"},{"name":"pep-0231.rst","path":"peps/pep-0231.rst","contentType":"file"},{"name":"pep-0232.rst","path":"peps/pep-0232.rst","contentType":"file"},{"name":"pep-0233.rst","path":"peps/pep-0233.rst","contentType":"file"},{"name":"pep-0234.rst","path":"peps/pep-0234.rst","contentType":"file"},{"name":"pep-0235.rst","path":"peps/pep-0235.rst","contentType":"file"},{"name":"pep-0236.rst","path":"peps/pep-0236.rst","contentType":"file"},{"name":"pep-0237.rst","path":"peps/pep-0237.rst","contentType":"file"},{"name":"pep-0238.rst","path":"peps/pep-0238.rst","contentType":"file"},{"name":"pep-0239.rst","path":"peps/pep-0239.rst","contentType":"file"},{"name":"pep-0240.rst","path":"peps/pep-0240.rst","contentType":"file"},{"name":"pep-0241.rst","path":"peps/pep-0241.rst","contentType":"file"},{"name":"pep-0242.rst","path":"peps/pep-0242.rst","contentType":"file"},{"name":"pep-0243.rst","path":"peps/pep-0243.rst","contentType":"file"},{"name":"pep-0244.rst","path":"peps/pep-0244.rst","contentType":"file"},{"name":"pep-0245.rst","path":"peps/pep-0245.rst","contentType":"file"},{"name":"pep-0246.rst","path":"peps/pep-0246.rst","contentType":"file"},{"name":"pep-0247.rst","path":"peps/pep-0247.rst","contentType":"file"},{"name":"pep-0248.rst","path":"peps/pep-0248.rst","contentType":"file"},{"name":"pep-0249.rst","path":"peps/pep-0249.rst","contentType":"file"},{"name":"pep-0250.rst","path":"peps/pep-0250.rst","contentType":"file"},{"name":"pep-0251.rst","path":"peps/pep-0251.rst","contentType":"file"},{"name":"pep-0252.rst","path":"peps/pep-0252.rst","contentType":"file"},{"name":"pep-0253.rst","path":"peps/pep-0253.rst","contentType":"file"},{"name":"pep-0254.rst","path":"peps/pep-0254.rst","contentType":"file"},{"name":"pep-0255.rst","path":"peps/pep-0255.rst","contentType":"file"},{"name":"pep-0256.rst","path":"peps/pep-0256.rst","contentType":"file"},{"name":"pep-0257.rst","path":"peps/pep-0257.rst","contentType":"file"},{"name":"pep-0258.rst","path":"peps/pep-0258.rst","contentType":"file"},{"name":"pep-0259.rst","path":"peps/pep-0259.rst","contentType":"file"},{"name":"pep-0260.rst","path":"peps/pep-0260.rst","contentType":"file"},{"name":"pep-0261.rst","path":"peps/pep-0261.rst","contentType":"file"},{"name":"pep-0262.rst","path":"peps/pep-0262.rst","contentType":"file"},{"name":"pep-0263.rst","path":"peps/pep-0263.rst","contentType":"file"},{"name":"pep-0264.rst","path":"peps/pep-0264.rst","contentType":"file"},{"name":"pep-0265.rst","path":"peps/pep-0265.rst","contentType":"file"},{"name":"pep-0266.rst","path":"peps/pep-0266.rst","contentType":"file"},{"name":"pep-0267.rst","path":"peps/pep-0267.rst","contentType":"file"},{"name":"pep-0268.rst","path":"peps/pep-0268.rst","contentType":"file"},{"name":"pep-0269.rst","path":"peps/pep-0269.rst","contentType":"file"},{"name":"pep-0270.rst","path":"peps/pep-0270.rst","contentType":"file"},{"name":"pep-0271.rst","path":"peps/pep-0271.rst","contentType":"file"},{"name":"pep-0272.rst","path":"peps/pep-0272.rst","contentType":"file"},{"name":"pep-0273.rst","path":"peps/pep-0273.rst","contentType":"file"},{"name":"pep-0274.rst","path":"peps/pep-0274.rst","contentType":"file"},{"name":"pep-0275.rst","path":"peps/pep-0275.rst","contentType":"file"},{"name":"pep-0276.rst","path":"peps/pep-0276.rst","contentType":"file"},{"name":"pep-0277.rst","path":"peps/pep-0277.rst","contentType":"file"},{"name":"pep-0278.rst","path":"peps/pep-0278.rst","contentType":"file"},{"name":"pep-0279.rst","path":"peps/pep-0279.rst","contentType":"file"},{"name":"pep-0280.rst","path":"peps/pep-0280.rst","contentType":"file"},{"name":"pep-0281.rst","path":"peps/pep-0281.rst","contentType":"file"},{"name":"pep-0282.rst","path":"peps/pep-0282.rst","contentType":"file"},{"name":"pep-0283.rst","path":"peps/pep-0283.rst","contentType":"file"},{"name":"pep-0284.rst","path":"peps/pep-0284.rst","contentType":"file"},{"name":"pep-0285.rst","path":"peps/pep-0285.rst","contentType":"file"},{"name":"pep-0286.rst","path":"peps/pep-0286.rst","contentType":"file"},{"name":"pep-0287.rst","path":"peps/pep-0287.rst","contentType":"file"},{"name":"pep-0288.rst","path":"peps/pep-0288.rst","contentType":"file"},{"name":"pep-0289.rst","path":"peps/pep-0289.rst","contentType":"file"},{"name":"pep-0290.rst","path":"peps/pep-0290.rst","contentType":"file"},{"name":"pep-0291.rst","path":"peps/pep-0291.rst","contentType":"file"},{"name":"pep-0292.rst","path":"peps/pep-0292.rst","contentType":"file"},{"name":"pep-0293.rst","path":"peps/pep-0293.rst","contentType":"file"},{"name":"pep-0294.rst","path":"peps/pep-0294.rst","contentType":"file"},{"name":"pep-0295.rst","path":"peps/pep-0295.rst","contentType":"file"},{"name":"pep-0296.rst","path":"peps/pep-0296.rst","contentType":"file"},{"name":"pep-0297.rst","path":"peps/pep-0297.rst","contentType":"file"},{"name":"pep-0298.rst","path":"peps/pep-0298.rst","contentType":"file"},{"name":"pep-0299.rst","path":"peps/pep-0299.rst","contentType":"file"},{"name":"pep-0301.rst","path":"peps/pep-0301.rst","contentType":"file"},{"name":"pep-0302.rst","path":"peps/pep-0302.rst","contentType":"file"},{"name":"pep-0303.rst","path":"peps/pep-0303.rst","contentType":"file"},{"name":"pep-0304.rst","path":"peps/pep-0304.rst","contentType":"file"},{"name":"pep-0305.rst","path":"peps/pep-0305.rst","contentType":"file"},{"name":"pep-0306.rst","path":"peps/pep-0306.rst","contentType":"file"},{"name":"pep-0307.rst","path":"peps/pep-0307.rst","contentType":"file"},{"name":"pep-0308.rst","path":"peps/pep-0308.rst","contentType":"file"},{"name":"pep-0309.rst","path":"peps/pep-0309.rst","contentType":"file"},{"name":"pep-0310.rst","path":"peps/pep-0310.rst","contentType":"file"},{"name":"pep-0311.rst","path":"peps/pep-0311.rst","contentType":"file"},{"name":"pep-0312.rst","path":"peps/pep-0312.rst","contentType":"file"},{"name":"pep-0313.rst","path":"peps/pep-0313.rst","contentType":"file"},{"name":"pep-0314.rst","path":"peps/pep-0314.rst","contentType":"file"},{"name":"pep-0315.rst","path":"peps/pep-0315.rst","contentType":"file"},{"name":"pep-0316.rst","path":"peps/pep-0316.rst","contentType":"file"},{"name":"pep-0317.rst","path":"peps/pep-0317.rst","contentType":"file"},{"name":"pep-0318.rst","path":"peps/pep-0318.rst","contentType":"file"},{"name":"pep-0319.rst","path":"peps/pep-0319.rst","contentType":"file"},{"name":"pep-0320.rst","path":"peps/pep-0320.rst","contentType":"file"},{"name":"pep-0321.rst","path":"peps/pep-0321.rst","contentType":"file"},{"name":"pep-0322.rst","path":"peps/pep-0322.rst","contentType":"file"},{"name":"pep-0323.rst","path":"peps/pep-0323.rst","contentType":"file"},{"name":"pep-0324.rst","path":"peps/pep-0324.rst","contentType":"file"},{"name":"pep-0325.rst","path":"peps/pep-0325.rst","contentType":"file"},{"name":"pep-0326.rst","path":"peps/pep-0326.rst","contentType":"file"},{"name":"pep-0327.rst","path":"peps/pep-0327.rst","contentType":"file"},{"name":"pep-0328.rst","path":"peps/pep-0328.rst","contentType":"file"},{"name":"pep-0329.rst","path":"peps/pep-0329.rst","contentType":"file"},{"name":"pep-0330.rst","path":"peps/pep-0330.rst","contentType":"file"},{"name":"pep-0331.rst","path":"peps/pep-0331.rst","contentType":"file"},{"name":"pep-0332.rst","path":"peps/pep-0332.rst","contentType":"file"},{"name":"pep-0333.rst","path":"peps/pep-0333.rst","contentType":"file"},{"name":"pep-0334.rst","path":"peps/pep-0334.rst","contentType":"file"},{"name":"pep-0335.rst","path":"peps/pep-0335.rst","contentType":"file"},{"name":"pep-0336.rst","path":"peps/pep-0336.rst","contentType":"file"},{"name":"pep-0337.rst","path":"peps/pep-0337.rst","contentType":"file"},{"name":"pep-0338.rst","path":"peps/pep-0338.rst","contentType":"file"},{"name":"pep-0339.rst","path":"peps/pep-0339.rst","contentType":"file"},{"name":"pep-0340.rst","path":"peps/pep-0340.rst","contentType":"file"},{"name":"pep-0341.rst","path":"peps/pep-0341.rst","contentType":"file"},{"name":"pep-0342.rst","path":"peps/pep-0342.rst","contentType":"file"},{"name":"pep-0343.rst","path":"peps/pep-0343.rst","contentType":"file"},{"name":"pep-0344.rst","path":"peps/pep-0344.rst","contentType":"file"},{"name":"pep-0345.rst","path":"peps/pep-0345.rst","contentType":"file"},{"name":"pep-0346.rst","path":"peps/pep-0346.rst","contentType":"file"},{"name":"pep-0347.rst","path":"peps/pep-0347.rst","contentType":"file"},{"name":"pep-0348.rst","path":"peps/pep-0348.rst","contentType":"file"},{"name":"pep-0349.rst","path":"peps/pep-0349.rst","contentType":"file"},{"name":"pep-0350.rst","path":"peps/pep-0350.rst","contentType":"file"},{"name":"pep-0351.rst","path":"peps/pep-0351.rst","contentType":"file"},{"name":"pep-0352.rst","path":"peps/pep-0352.rst","contentType":"file"},{"name":"pep-0353.rst","path":"peps/pep-0353.rst","contentType":"file"},{"name":"pep-0354.rst","path":"peps/pep-0354.rst","contentType":"file"},{"name":"pep-0355.rst","path":"peps/pep-0355.rst","contentType":"file"},{"name":"pep-0356.rst","path":"peps/pep-0356.rst","contentType":"file"},{"name":"pep-0357.rst","path":"peps/pep-0357.rst","contentType":"file"},{"name":"pep-0358.rst","path":"peps/pep-0358.rst","contentType":"file"},{"name":"pep-0359.rst","path":"peps/pep-0359.rst","contentType":"file"},{"name":"pep-0360.rst","path":"peps/pep-0360.rst","contentType":"file"},{"name":"pep-0361.rst","path":"peps/pep-0361.rst","contentType":"file"},{"name":"pep-0362.rst","path":"peps/pep-0362.rst","contentType":"file"},{"name":"pep-0363.rst","path":"peps/pep-0363.rst","contentType":"file"},{"name":"pep-0364.rst","path":"peps/pep-0364.rst","contentType":"file"},{"name":"pep-0365.rst","path":"peps/pep-0365.rst","contentType":"file"},{"name":"pep-0366.rst","path":"peps/pep-0366.rst","contentType":"file"},{"name":"pep-0367.rst","path":"peps/pep-0367.rst","contentType":"file"},{"name":"pep-0368.rst","path":"peps/pep-0368.rst","contentType":"file"},{"name":"pep-0369.rst","path":"peps/pep-0369.rst","contentType":"file"},{"name":"pep-0370.rst","path":"peps/pep-0370.rst","contentType":"file"},{"name":"pep-0371.rst","path":"peps/pep-0371.rst","contentType":"file"},{"name":"pep-0372.rst","path":"peps/pep-0372.rst","contentType":"file"},{"name":"pep-0373.rst","path":"peps/pep-0373.rst","contentType":"file"},{"name":"pep-0374.rst","path":"peps/pep-0374.rst","contentType":"file"},{"name":"pep-0375.rst","path":"peps/pep-0375.rst","contentType":"file"},{"name":"pep-0376.rst","path":"peps/pep-0376.rst","contentType":"file"},{"name":"pep-0377.rst","path":"peps/pep-0377.rst","contentType":"file"},{"name":"pep-0378.rst","path":"peps/pep-0378.rst","contentType":"file"},{"name":"pep-0379.rst","path":"peps/pep-0379.rst","contentType":"file"},{"name":"pep-0380.rst","path":"peps/pep-0380.rst","contentType":"file"},{"name":"pep-0381.rst","path":"peps/pep-0381.rst","contentType":"file"},{"name":"pep-0382.rst","path":"peps/pep-0382.rst","contentType":"file"},{"name":"pep-0383.rst","path":"peps/pep-0383.rst","contentType":"file"},{"name":"pep-0384.rst","path":"peps/pep-0384.rst","contentType":"file"},{"name":"pep-0385.rst","path":"peps/pep-0385.rst","contentType":"file"},{"name":"pep-0386.rst","path":"peps/pep-0386.rst","contentType":"file"},{"name":"pep-0387.rst","path":"peps/pep-0387.rst","contentType":"file"},{"name":"pep-0389.rst","path":"peps/pep-0389.rst","contentType":"file"},{"name":"pep-0390.rst","path":"peps/pep-0390.rst","contentType":"file"},{"name":"pep-0391.rst","path":"peps/pep-0391.rst","contentType":"file"},{"name":"pep-0392.rst","path":"peps/pep-0392.rst","contentType":"file"},{"name":"pep-0393.rst","path":"peps/pep-0393.rst","contentType":"file"},{"name":"pep-0394.rst","path":"peps/pep-0394.rst","contentType":"file"},{"name":"pep-0395.rst","path":"peps/pep-0395.rst","contentType":"file"},{"name":"pep-0396.rst","path":"peps/pep-0396.rst","contentType":"file"},{"name":"pep-0397.rst","path":"peps/pep-0397.rst","contentType":"file"},{"name":"pep-0398.rst","path":"peps/pep-0398.rst","contentType":"file"},{"name":"pep-0399.rst","path":"peps/pep-0399.rst","contentType":"file"},{"name":"pep-0400.rst","path":"peps/pep-0400.rst","contentType":"file"},{"name":"pep-0401.rst","path":"peps/pep-0401.rst","contentType":"file"},{"name":"pep-0402.rst","path":"peps/pep-0402.rst","contentType":"file"},{"name":"pep-0403.rst","path":"peps/pep-0403.rst","contentType":"file"},{"name":"pep-0404.rst","path":"peps/pep-0404.rst","contentType":"file"},{"name":"pep-0405.rst","path":"peps/pep-0405.rst","contentType":"file"},{"name":"pep-0406.rst","path":"peps/pep-0406.rst","contentType":"file"},{"name":"pep-0407.rst","path":"peps/pep-0407.rst","contentType":"file"},{"name":"pep-0408.rst","path":"peps/pep-0408.rst","contentType":"file"},{"name":"pep-0409.rst","path":"peps/pep-0409.rst","contentType":"file"},{"name":"pep-0410.rst","path":"peps/pep-0410.rst","contentType":"file"},{"name":"pep-0411.rst","path":"peps/pep-0411.rst","contentType":"file"},{"name":"pep-0412.rst","path":"peps/pep-0412.rst","contentType":"file"},{"name":"pep-0413.rst","path":"peps/pep-0413.rst","contentType":"file"},{"name":"pep-0414.rst","path":"peps/pep-0414.rst","contentType":"file"},{"name":"pep-0415.rst","path":"peps/pep-0415.rst","contentType":"file"},{"name":"pep-0416.rst","path":"peps/pep-0416.rst","contentType":"file"},{"name":"pep-0417.rst","path":"peps/pep-0417.rst","contentType":"file"},{"name":"pep-0418.rst","path":"peps/pep-0418.rst","contentType":"file"},{"name":"pep-0419.rst","path":"peps/pep-0419.rst","contentType":"file"},{"name":"pep-0420.rst","path":"peps/pep-0420.rst","contentType":"file"},{"name":"pep-0421.rst","path":"peps/pep-0421.rst","contentType":"file"},{"name":"pep-0422.rst","path":"peps/pep-0422.rst","contentType":"file"},{"name":"pep-0423.rst","path":"peps/pep-0423.rst","contentType":"file"},{"name":"pep-0424.rst","path":"peps/pep-0424.rst","contentType":"file"},{"name":"pep-0425.rst","path":"peps/pep-0425.rst","contentType":"file"},{"name":"pep-0426.rst","path":"peps/pep-0426.rst","contentType":"file"},{"name":"pep-0427.rst","path":"peps/pep-0427.rst","contentType":"file"},{"name":"pep-0428.rst","path":"peps/pep-0428.rst","contentType":"file"},{"name":"pep-0429.rst","path":"peps/pep-0429.rst","contentType":"file"},{"name":"pep-0430.rst","path":"peps/pep-0430.rst","contentType":"file"},{"name":"pep-0431.rst","path":"peps/pep-0431.rst","contentType":"file"},{"name":"pep-0432.rst","path":"peps/pep-0432.rst","contentType":"file"},{"name":"pep-0433.rst","path":"peps/pep-0433.rst","contentType":"file"},{"name":"pep-0434.rst","path":"peps/pep-0434.rst","contentType":"file"},{"name":"pep-0435.rst","path":"peps/pep-0435.rst","contentType":"file"},{"name":"pep-0436.rst","path":"peps/pep-0436.rst","contentType":"file"},{"name":"pep-0437.rst","path":"peps/pep-0437.rst","contentType":"file"},{"name":"pep-0438.rst","path":"peps/pep-0438.rst","contentType":"file"},{"name":"pep-0439.rst","path":"peps/pep-0439.rst","contentType":"file"},{"name":"pep-0440.rst","path":"peps/pep-0440.rst","contentType":"file"},{"name":"pep-0441.rst","path":"peps/pep-0441.rst","contentType":"file"},{"name":"pep-0442.rst","path":"peps/pep-0442.rst","contentType":"file"},{"name":"pep-0443.rst","path":"peps/pep-0443.rst","contentType":"file"},{"name":"pep-0444.rst","path":"peps/pep-0444.rst","contentType":"file"},{"name":"pep-0445.rst","path":"peps/pep-0445.rst","contentType":"file"},{"name":"pep-0446.rst","path":"peps/pep-0446.rst","contentType":"file"},{"name":"pep-0447.rst","path":"peps/pep-0447.rst","contentType":"file"},{"name":"pep-0448.rst","path":"peps/pep-0448.rst","contentType":"file"},{"name":"pep-0449.rst","path":"peps/pep-0449.rst","contentType":"file"},{"name":"pep-0450.rst","path":"peps/pep-0450.rst","contentType":"file"},{"name":"pep-0451.rst","path":"peps/pep-0451.rst","contentType":"file"},{"name":"pep-0452.rst","path":"peps/pep-0452.rst","contentType":"file"},{"name":"pep-0453.rst","path":"peps/pep-0453.rst","contentType":"file"},{"name":"pep-0454.rst","path":"peps/pep-0454.rst","contentType":"file"},{"name":"pep-0455.rst","path":"peps/pep-0455.rst","contentType":"file"},{"name":"pep-0456.rst","path":"peps/pep-0456.rst","contentType":"file"},{"name":"pep-0457.rst","path":"peps/pep-0457.rst","contentType":"file"},{"name":"pep-0458-1.png","path":"peps/pep-0458-1.png","contentType":"file"},{"name":"pep-0458.rst","path":"peps/pep-0458.rst","contentType":"file"},{"name":"pep-0459.rst","path":"peps/pep-0459.rst","contentType":"file"},{"name":"pep-0460.rst","path":"peps/pep-0460.rst","contentType":"file"},{"name":"pep-0461.rst","path":"peps/pep-0461.rst","contentType":"file"},{"name":"pep-0462.rst","path":"peps/pep-0462.rst","contentType":"file"},{"name":"pep-0463.rst","path":"peps/pep-0463.rst","contentType":"file"},{"name":"pep-0464.rst","path":"peps/pep-0464.rst","contentType":"file"},{"name":"pep-0465.rst","path":"peps/pep-0465.rst","contentType":"file"},{"name":"pep-0466.rst","path":"peps/pep-0466.rst","contentType":"file"},{"name":"pep-0467.rst","path":"peps/pep-0467.rst","contentType":"file"},{"name":"pep-0468.rst","path":"peps/pep-0468.rst","contentType":"file"},{"name":"pep-0469.rst","path":"peps/pep-0469.rst","contentType":"file"},{"name":"pep-0470.rst","path":"peps/pep-0470.rst","contentType":"file"},{"name":"pep-0471.rst","path":"peps/pep-0471.rst","contentType":"file"},{"name":"pep-0472.rst","path":"peps/pep-0472.rst","contentType":"file"},{"name":"pep-0473.rst","path":"peps/pep-0473.rst","contentType":"file"},{"name":"pep-0474.rst","path":"peps/pep-0474.rst","contentType":"file"},{"name":"pep-0475.rst","path":"peps/pep-0475.rst","contentType":"file"},{"name":"pep-0476.rst","path":"peps/pep-0476.rst","contentType":"file"},{"name":"pep-0477.rst","path":"peps/pep-0477.rst","contentType":"file"},{"name":"pep-0478.rst","path":"peps/pep-0478.rst","contentType":"file"},{"name":"pep-0479.rst","path":"peps/pep-0479.rst","contentType":"file"},{"name":"pep-0480-1.png","path":"peps/pep-0480-1.png","contentType":"file"},{"name":"pep-0480.rst","path":"peps/pep-0480.rst","contentType":"file"},{"name":"pep-0481.rst","path":"peps/pep-0481.rst","contentType":"file"},{"name":"pep-0482.rst","path":"peps/pep-0482.rst","contentType":"file"},{"name":"pep-0483.rst","path":"peps/pep-0483.rst","contentType":"file"},{"name":"pep-0484.rst","path":"peps/pep-0484.rst","contentType":"file"},{"name":"pep-0485.rst","path":"peps/pep-0485.rst","contentType":"file"},{"name":"pep-0486.rst","path":"peps/pep-0486.rst","contentType":"file"},{"name":"pep-0487.rst","path":"peps/pep-0487.rst","contentType":"file"},{"name":"pep-0488.rst","path":"peps/pep-0488.rst","contentType":"file"},{"name":"pep-0489.rst","path":"peps/pep-0489.rst","contentType":"file"},{"name":"pep-0490.rst","path":"peps/pep-0490.rst","contentType":"file"},{"name":"pep-0491.rst","path":"peps/pep-0491.rst","contentType":"file"},{"name":"pep-0492.rst","path":"peps/pep-0492.rst","contentType":"file"},{"name":"pep-0493.rst","path":"peps/pep-0493.rst","contentType":"file"},{"name":"pep-0494.rst","path":"peps/pep-0494.rst","contentType":"file"},{"name":"pep-0495-daylightsavings.png","path":"peps/pep-0495-daylightsavings.png","contentType":"file"},{"name":"pep-0495-fold.svg","path":"peps/pep-0495-fold.svg","contentType":"file"},{"name":"pep-0495-gap.svg","path":"peps/pep-0495-gap.svg","contentType":"file"},{"name":"pep-0495.rst","path":"peps/pep-0495.rst","contentType":"file"},{"name":"pep-0496.rst","path":"peps/pep-0496.rst","contentType":"file"},{"name":"pep-0497.rst","path":"peps/pep-0497.rst","contentType":"file"},{"name":"pep-0498.rst","path":"peps/pep-0498.rst","contentType":"file"},{"name":"pep-0499.rst","path":"peps/pep-0499.rst","contentType":"file"},{"name":"pep-0500.rst","path":"peps/pep-0500.rst","contentType":"file"},{"name":"pep-0501.rst","path":"peps/pep-0501.rst","contentType":"file"},{"name":"pep-0502.rst","path":"peps/pep-0502.rst","contentType":"file"},{"name":"pep-0503.rst","path":"peps/pep-0503.rst","contentType":"file"},{"name":"pep-0504.rst","path":"peps/pep-0504.rst","contentType":"file"},{"name":"pep-0505.rst","path":"peps/pep-0505.rst","contentType":"file"},{"name":"pep-0506.rst","path":"peps/pep-0506.rst","contentType":"file"},{"name":"pep-0507.rst","path":"peps/pep-0507.rst","contentType":"file"},{"name":"pep-0508.rst","path":"peps/pep-0508.rst","contentType":"file"},{"name":"pep-0509.rst","path":"peps/pep-0509.rst","contentType":"file"},{"name":"pep-0510.rst","path":"peps/pep-0510.rst","contentType":"file"},{"name":"pep-0511.rst","path":"peps/pep-0511.rst","contentType":"file"},{"name":"pep-0512.rst","path":"peps/pep-0512.rst","contentType":"file"},{"name":"pep-0513.rst","path":"peps/pep-0513.rst","contentType":"file"},{"name":"pep-0514.rst","path":"peps/pep-0514.rst","contentType":"file"},{"name":"pep-0515.rst","path":"peps/pep-0515.rst","contentType":"file"},{"name":"pep-0516.rst","path":"peps/pep-0516.rst","contentType":"file"},{"name":"pep-0517.rst","path":"peps/pep-0517.rst","contentType":"file"},{"name":"pep-0518.rst","path":"peps/pep-0518.rst","contentType":"file"},{"name":"pep-0519.rst","path":"peps/pep-0519.rst","contentType":"file"},{"name":"pep-0520.rst","path":"peps/pep-0520.rst","contentType":"file"},{"name":"pep-0521.rst","path":"peps/pep-0521.rst","contentType":"file"},{"name":"pep-0522.rst","path":"peps/pep-0522.rst","contentType":"file"},{"name":"pep-0523.rst","path":"peps/pep-0523.rst","contentType":"file"},{"name":"pep-0524.rst","path":"peps/pep-0524.rst","contentType":"file"},{"name":"pep-0525-1.png","path":"peps/pep-0525-1.png","contentType":"file"},{"name":"pep-0525.rst","path":"peps/pep-0525.rst","contentType":"file"},{"name":"pep-0526.rst","path":"peps/pep-0526.rst","contentType":"file"},{"name":"pep-0527.rst","path":"peps/pep-0527.rst","contentType":"file"},{"name":"pep-0528.rst","path":"peps/pep-0528.rst","contentType":"file"},{"name":"pep-0529.rst","path":"peps/pep-0529.rst","contentType":"file"},{"name":"pep-0530.rst","path":"peps/pep-0530.rst","contentType":"file"},{"name":"pep-0531.rst","path":"peps/pep-0531.rst","contentType":"file"},{"name":"pep-0532.rst","path":"peps/pep-0532.rst","contentType":"file"},{"name":"pep-0533.rst","path":"peps/pep-0533.rst","contentType":"file"},{"name":"pep-0534.rst","path":"peps/pep-0534.rst","contentType":"file"},{"name":"pep-0535.rst","path":"peps/pep-0535.rst","contentType":"file"},{"name":"pep-0536.rst","path":"peps/pep-0536.rst","contentType":"file"},{"name":"pep-0537.rst","path":"peps/pep-0537.rst","contentType":"file"},{"name":"pep-0538.rst","path":"peps/pep-0538.rst","contentType":"file"},{"name":"pep-0539.rst","path":"peps/pep-0539.rst","contentType":"file"},{"name":"pep-0540.rst","path":"peps/pep-0540.rst","contentType":"file"},{"name":"pep-0541.rst","path":"peps/pep-0541.rst","contentType":"file"},{"name":"pep-0542.rst","path":"peps/pep-0542.rst","contentType":"file"},{"name":"pep-0543.rst","path":"peps/pep-0543.rst","contentType":"file"},{"name":"pep-0544.rst","path":"peps/pep-0544.rst","contentType":"file"},{"name":"pep-0545.rst","path":"peps/pep-0545.rst","contentType":"file"},{"name":"pep-0546.rst","path":"peps/pep-0546.rst","contentType":"file"},{"name":"pep-0547.rst","path":"peps/pep-0547.rst","contentType":"file"},{"name":"pep-0548.rst","path":"peps/pep-0548.rst","contentType":"file"},{"name":"pep-0549.rst","path":"peps/pep-0549.rst","contentType":"file"},{"name":"pep-0550-hamt_vs_dict-v2.png","path":"peps/pep-0550-hamt_vs_dict-v2.png","contentType":"file"},{"name":"pep-0550-hamt_vs_dict.png","path":"peps/pep-0550-hamt_vs_dict.png","contentType":"file"},{"name":"pep-0550-lookup_hamt.png","path":"peps/pep-0550-lookup_hamt.png","contentType":"file"},{"name":"pep-0550.rst","path":"peps/pep-0550.rst","contentType":"file"},{"name":"pep-0551.rst","path":"peps/pep-0551.rst","contentType":"file"},{"name":"pep-0552.rst","path":"peps/pep-0552.rst","contentType":"file"},{"name":"pep-0553.rst","path":"peps/pep-0553.rst","contentType":"file"},{"name":"pep-0554.rst","path":"peps/pep-0554.rst","contentType":"file"},{"name":"pep-0555.rst","path":"peps/pep-0555.rst","contentType":"file"},{"name":"pep-0556.rst","path":"peps/pep-0556.rst","contentType":"file"},{"name":"pep-0557.rst","path":"peps/pep-0557.rst","contentType":"file"},{"name":"pep-0558.rst","path":"peps/pep-0558.rst","contentType":"file"},{"name":"pep-0559.rst","path":"peps/pep-0559.rst","contentType":"file"},{"name":"pep-0560.rst","path":"peps/pep-0560.rst","contentType":"file"},{"name":"pep-0561.rst","path":"peps/pep-0561.rst","contentType":"file"},{"name":"pep-0562.rst","path":"peps/pep-0562.rst","contentType":"file"},{"name":"pep-0563.rst","path":"peps/pep-0563.rst","contentType":"file"},{"name":"pep-0564.rst","path":"peps/pep-0564.rst","contentType":"file"},{"name":"pep-0565.rst","path":"peps/pep-0565.rst","contentType":"file"},{"name":"pep-0566.rst","path":"peps/pep-0566.rst","contentType":"file"},{"name":"pep-0567.rst","path":"peps/pep-0567.rst","contentType":"file"},{"name":"pep-0568.rst","path":"peps/pep-0568.rst","contentType":"file"},{"name":"pep-0569.rst","path":"peps/pep-0569.rst","contentType":"file"},{"name":"pep-0570.rst","path":"peps/pep-0570.rst","contentType":"file"},{"name":"pep-0571.rst","path":"peps/pep-0571.rst","contentType":"file"},{"name":"pep-0572.rst","path":"peps/pep-0572.rst","contentType":"file"},{"name":"pep-0573.rst","path":"peps/pep-0573.rst","contentType":"file"},{"name":"pep-0574.rst","path":"peps/pep-0574.rst","contentType":"file"},{"name":"pep-0575.rst","path":"peps/pep-0575.rst","contentType":"file"},{"name":"pep-0576.rst","path":"peps/pep-0576.rst","contentType":"file"},{"name":"pep-0577.rst","path":"peps/pep-0577.rst","contentType":"file"},{"name":"pep-0578.rst","path":"peps/pep-0578.rst","contentType":"file"},{"name":"pep-0579.rst","path":"peps/pep-0579.rst","contentType":"file"},{"name":"pep-0580.rst","path":"peps/pep-0580.rst","contentType":"file"},{"name":"pep-0581.rst","path":"peps/pep-0581.rst","contentType":"file"},{"name":"pep-0582.rst","path":"peps/pep-0582.rst","contentType":"file"},{"name":"pep-0583.rst","path":"peps/pep-0583.rst","contentType":"file"},{"name":"pep-0584.rst","path":"peps/pep-0584.rst","contentType":"file"},{"name":"pep-0585.rst","path":"peps/pep-0585.rst","contentType":"file"},{"name":"pep-0586.rst","path":"peps/pep-0586.rst","contentType":"file"},{"name":"pep-0587.rst","path":"peps/pep-0587.rst","contentType":"file"},{"name":"pep-0588.rst","path":"peps/pep-0588.rst","contentType":"file"},{"name":"pep-0589.rst","path":"peps/pep-0589.rst","contentType":"file"},{"name":"pep-0590.rst","path":"peps/pep-0590.rst","contentType":"file"},{"name":"pep-0591.rst","path":"peps/pep-0591.rst","contentType":"file"},{"name":"pep-0592.rst","path":"peps/pep-0592.rst","contentType":"file"},{"name":"pep-0593.rst","path":"peps/pep-0593.rst","contentType":"file"},{"name":"pep-0594.rst","path":"peps/pep-0594.rst","contentType":"file"},{"name":"pep-0595.rst","path":"peps/pep-0595.rst","contentType":"file"},{"name":"pep-0596.rst","path":"peps/pep-0596.rst","contentType":"file"},{"name":"pep-0597.rst","path":"peps/pep-0597.rst","contentType":"file"},{"name":"pep-0598.rst","path":"peps/pep-0598.rst","contentType":"file"},{"name":"pep-0599.rst","path":"peps/pep-0599.rst","contentType":"file"},{"name":"pep-0600.rst","path":"peps/pep-0600.rst","contentType":"file"},{"name":"pep-0601.rst","path":"peps/pep-0601.rst","contentType":"file"},{"name":"pep-0602-example-release-calendar.png","path":"peps/pep-0602-example-release-calendar.png","contentType":"file"},{"name":"pep-0602-example-release-calendar.pptx","path":"peps/pep-0602-example-release-calendar.pptx","contentType":"file"},{"name":"pep-0602-overlapping-support-matrix.png","path":"peps/pep-0602-overlapping-support-matrix.png","contentType":"file"},{"name":"pep-0602-overlapping-support-matrix.pptx","path":"peps/pep-0602-overlapping-support-matrix.pptx","contentType":"file"},{"name":"pep-0602.rst","path":"peps/pep-0602.rst","contentType":"file"},{"name":"pep-0603-hamt_vs_dict.png","path":"peps/pep-0603-hamt_vs_dict.png","contentType":"file"},{"name":"pep-0603-lookup_hamt.png","path":"peps/pep-0603-lookup_hamt.png","contentType":"file"},{"name":"pep-0603.rst","path":"peps/pep-0603.rst","contentType":"file"},{"name":"pep-0604.rst","path":"peps/pep-0604.rst","contentType":"file"},{"name":"pep-0605-example-release-calendar.png","path":"peps/pep-0605-example-release-calendar.png","contentType":"file"},{"name":"pep-0605-overlapping-support-matrix.png","path":"peps/pep-0605-overlapping-support-matrix.png","contentType":"file"},{"name":"pep-0605.rst","path":"peps/pep-0605.rst","contentType":"file"},{"name":"pep-0606.rst","path":"peps/pep-0606.rst","contentType":"file"},{"name":"pep-0607.rst","path":"peps/pep-0607.rst","contentType":"file"},{"name":"pep-0608.rst","path":"peps/pep-0608.rst","contentType":"file"},{"name":"pep-0609.rst","path":"peps/pep-0609.rst","contentType":"file"},{"name":"pep-0610.rst","path":"peps/pep-0610.rst","contentType":"file"},{"name":"pep-0611.rst","path":"peps/pep-0611.rst","contentType":"file"},{"name":"pep-0612.rst","path":"peps/pep-0612.rst","contentType":"file"},{"name":"pep-0613.rst","path":"peps/pep-0613.rst","contentType":"file"},{"name":"pep-0614.rst","path":"peps/pep-0614.rst","contentType":"file"},{"name":"pep-0615.rst","path":"peps/pep-0615.rst","contentType":"file"},{"name":"pep-0616.rst","path":"peps/pep-0616.rst","contentType":"file"},{"name":"pep-0617.rst","path":"peps/pep-0617.rst","contentType":"file"},{"name":"pep-0618.rst","path":"peps/pep-0618.rst","contentType":"file"},{"name":"pep-0619.rst","path":"peps/pep-0619.rst","contentType":"file"},{"name":"pep-0620.rst","path":"peps/pep-0620.rst","contentType":"file"},{"name":"pep-0621.rst","path":"peps/pep-0621.rst","contentType":"file"},{"name":"pep-0622.rst","path":"peps/pep-0622.rst","contentType":"file"},{"name":"pep-0623.rst","path":"peps/pep-0623.rst","contentType":"file"},{"name":"pep-0624.rst","path":"peps/pep-0624.rst","contentType":"file"},{"name":"pep-0625.rst","path":"peps/pep-0625.rst","contentType":"file"},{"name":"pep-0626.rst","path":"peps/pep-0626.rst","contentType":"file"},{"name":"pep-0627.rst","path":"peps/pep-0627.rst","contentType":"file"},{"name":"pep-0628.rst","path":"peps/pep-0628.rst","contentType":"file"},{"name":"pep-0629.rst","path":"peps/pep-0629.rst","contentType":"file"},{"name":"pep-0630.rst","path":"peps/pep-0630.rst","contentType":"file"},{"name":"pep-0631.rst","path":"peps/pep-0631.rst","contentType":"file"},{"name":"pep-0632.rst","path":"peps/pep-0632.rst","contentType":"file"},{"name":"pep-0633.rst","path":"peps/pep-0633.rst","contentType":"file"},{"name":"pep-0634.rst","path":"peps/pep-0634.rst","contentType":"file"},{"name":"pep-0635.rst","path":"peps/pep-0635.rst","contentType":"file"},{"name":"pep-0636.rst","path":"peps/pep-0636.rst","contentType":"file"},{"name":"pep-0637.rst","path":"peps/pep-0637.rst","contentType":"file"},{"name":"pep-0638.rst","path":"peps/pep-0638.rst","contentType":"file"},{"name":"pep-0639.rst","path":"peps/pep-0639.rst","contentType":"file"},{"name":"pep-0640.rst","path":"peps/pep-0640.rst","contentType":"file"},{"name":"pep-0641.rst","path":"peps/pep-0641.rst","contentType":"file"},{"name":"pep-0642.rst","path":"peps/pep-0642.rst","contentType":"file"},{"name":"pep-0643.rst","path":"peps/pep-0643.rst","contentType":"file"},{"name":"pep-0644.rst","path":"peps/pep-0644.rst","contentType":"file"},{"name":"pep-0645.rst","path":"peps/pep-0645.rst","contentType":"file"},{"name":"pep-0646.rst","path":"peps/pep-0646.rst","contentType":"file"},{"name":"pep-0647.rst","path":"peps/pep-0647.rst","contentType":"file"},{"name":"pep-0648.rst","path":"peps/pep-0648.rst","contentType":"file"},{"name":"pep-0649.rst","path":"peps/pep-0649.rst","contentType":"file"},{"name":"pep-0650.rst","path":"peps/pep-0650.rst","contentType":"file"},{"name":"pep-0651.rst","path":"peps/pep-0651.rst","contentType":"file"},{"name":"pep-0652.rst","path":"peps/pep-0652.rst","contentType":"file"},{"name":"pep-0653.rst","path":"peps/pep-0653.rst","contentType":"file"},{"name":"pep-0654.rst","path":"peps/pep-0654.rst","contentType":"file"},{"name":"pep-0655.rst","path":"peps/pep-0655.rst","contentType":"file"},{"name":"pep-0656.rst","path":"peps/pep-0656.rst","contentType":"file"},{"name":"pep-0657.rst","path":"peps/pep-0657.rst","contentType":"file"},{"name":"pep-0658.rst","path":"peps/pep-0658.rst","contentType":"file"},{"name":"pep-0659.rst","path":"peps/pep-0659.rst","contentType":"file"},{"name":"pep-0660.rst","path":"peps/pep-0660.rst","contentType":"file"},{"name":"pep-0661.rst","path":"peps/pep-0661.rst","contentType":"file"},{"name":"pep-0662.rst","path":"peps/pep-0662.rst","contentType":"file"},{"name":"pep-0663.rst","path":"peps/pep-0663.rst","contentType":"file"},{"name":"pep-0664.rst","path":"peps/pep-0664.rst","contentType":"file"},{"name":"pep-0665.rst","path":"peps/pep-0665.rst","contentType":"file"},{"name":"pep-0666.rst","path":"peps/pep-0666.rst","contentType":"file"},{"name":"pep-0667.rst","path":"peps/pep-0667.rst","contentType":"file"},{"name":"pep-0668.rst","path":"peps/pep-0668.rst","contentType":"file"},{"name":"pep-0669.rst","path":"peps/pep-0669.rst","contentType":"file"},{"name":"pep-0670.rst","path":"peps/pep-0670.rst","contentType":"file"},{"name":"pep-0671.rst","path":"peps/pep-0671.rst","contentType":"file"},{"name":"pep-0672.rst","path":"peps/pep-0672.rst","contentType":"file"},{"name":"pep-0673.rst","path":"peps/pep-0673.rst","contentType":"file"},{"name":"pep-0674.rst","path":"peps/pep-0674.rst","contentType":"file"},{"name":"pep-0675.rst","path":"peps/pep-0675.rst","contentType":"file"},{"name":"pep-0676.rst","path":"peps/pep-0676.rst","contentType":"file"},{"name":"pep-0677.rst","path":"peps/pep-0677.rst","contentType":"file"},{"name":"pep-0678.rst","path":"peps/pep-0678.rst","contentType":"file"},{"name":"pep-0679.rst","path":"peps/pep-0679.rst","contentType":"file"},{"name":"pep-0680.rst","path":"peps/pep-0680.rst","contentType":"file"},{"name":"pep-0681.rst","path":"peps/pep-0681.rst","contentType":"file"},{"name":"pep-0682.rst","path":"peps/pep-0682.rst","contentType":"file"},{"name":"pep-0683.rst","path":"peps/pep-0683.rst","contentType":"file"},{"name":"pep-0684.rst","path":"peps/pep-0684.rst","contentType":"file"},{"name":"pep-0685.rst","path":"peps/pep-0685.rst","contentType":"file"},{"name":"pep-0686.rst","path":"peps/pep-0686.rst","contentType":"file"},{"name":"pep-0687.rst","path":"peps/pep-0687.rst","contentType":"file"},{"name":"pep-0688.rst","path":"peps/pep-0688.rst","contentType":"file"},{"name":"pep-0689.rst","path":"peps/pep-0689.rst","contentType":"file"},{"name":"pep-0690.rst","path":"peps/pep-0690.rst","contentType":"file"},{"name":"pep-0691.rst","path":"peps/pep-0691.rst","contentType":"file"},{"name":"pep-0692.rst","path":"peps/pep-0692.rst","contentType":"file"},{"name":"pep-0693.rst","path":"peps/pep-0693.rst","contentType":"file"},{"name":"pep-0694.rst","path":"peps/pep-0694.rst","contentType":"file"},{"name":"pep-0695.rst","path":"peps/pep-0695.rst","contentType":"file"},{"name":"pep-0696.rst","path":"peps/pep-0696.rst","contentType":"file"},{"name":"pep-0697.rst","path":"peps/pep-0697.rst","contentType":"file"},{"name":"pep-0698.rst","path":"peps/pep-0698.rst","contentType":"file"},{"name":"pep-0699.rst","path":"peps/pep-0699.rst","contentType":"file"},{"name":"pep-0700.rst","path":"peps/pep-0700.rst","contentType":"file"},{"name":"pep-0701.rst","path":"peps/pep-0701.rst","contentType":"file"},{"name":"pep-0702.rst","path":"peps/pep-0702.rst","contentType":"file"},{"name":"pep-0703.rst","path":"peps/pep-0703.rst","contentType":"file"},{"name":"pep-0704.rst","path":"peps/pep-0704.rst","contentType":"file"},{"name":"pep-0705.rst","path":"peps/pep-0705.rst","contentType":"file"},{"name":"pep-0706.rst","path":"peps/pep-0706.rst","contentType":"file"},{"name":"pep-0707.rst","path":"peps/pep-0707.rst","contentType":"file"},{"name":"pep-0708.rst","path":"peps/pep-0708.rst","contentType":"file"},{"name":"pep-0709.rst","path":"peps/pep-0709.rst","contentType":"file"},{"name":"pep-0710.rst","path":"peps/pep-0710.rst","contentType":"file"},{"name":"pep-0711.rst","path":"peps/pep-0711.rst","contentType":"file"},{"name":"pep-0712.rst","path":"peps/pep-0712.rst","contentType":"file"},{"name":"pep-0713.rst","path":"peps/pep-0713.rst","contentType":"file"},{"name":"pep-0714.rst","path":"peps/pep-0714.rst","contentType":"file"},{"name":"pep-0715.rst","path":"peps/pep-0715.rst","contentType":"file"},{"name":"pep-0718.rst","path":"peps/pep-0718.rst","contentType":"file"},{"name":"pep-0719.rst","path":"peps/pep-0719.rst","contentType":"file"},{"name":"pep-0720.rst","path":"peps/pep-0720.rst","contentType":"file"},{"name":"pep-0721.rst","path":"peps/pep-0721.rst","contentType":"file"},{"name":"pep-0722.rst","path":"peps/pep-0722.rst","contentType":"file"},{"name":"pep-0723.rst","path":"peps/pep-0723.rst","contentType":"file"},{"name":"pep-0724.rst","path":"peps/pep-0724.rst","contentType":"file"},{"name":"pep-0725.rst","path":"peps/pep-0725.rst","contentType":"file"},{"name":"pep-0726.rst","path":"peps/pep-0726.rst","contentType":"file"},{"name":"pep-0727.rst","path":"peps/pep-0727.rst","contentType":"file"},{"name":"pep-0728.rst","path":"peps/pep-0728.rst","contentType":"file"},{"name":"pep-0729.rst","path":"peps/pep-0729.rst","contentType":"file"},{"name":"pep-0730.rst","path":"peps/pep-0730.rst","contentType":"file"},{"name":"pep-0731.rst","path":"peps/pep-0731.rst","contentType":"file"},{"name":"pep-0732-concentric.drawio.svg","path":"peps/pep-0732-concentric.drawio.svg","contentType":"file"},{"name":"pep-0732.rst","path":"peps/pep-0732.rst","contentType":"file"},{"name":"pep-0733.rst","path":"peps/pep-0733.rst","contentType":"file"},{"name":"pep-0734.rst","path":"peps/pep-0734.rst","contentType":"file"},{"name":"pep-0735.rst","path":"peps/pep-0735.rst","contentType":"file"},{"name":"pep-0736.rst","path":"peps/pep-0736.rst","contentType":"file"},{"name":"pep-0737.rst","path":"peps/pep-0737.rst","contentType":"file"},{"name":"pep-0738.rst","path":"peps/pep-0738.rst","contentType":"file"},{"name":"pep-0739.rst","path":"peps/pep-0739.rst","contentType":"file"},{"name":"pep-0740.rst","path":"peps/pep-0740.rst","contentType":"file"},{"name":"pep-0741.rst","path":"peps/pep-0741.rst","contentType":"file"},{"name":"pep-0742.rst","path":"peps/pep-0742.rst","contentType":"file"},{"name":"pep-0743.rst","path":"peps/pep-0743.rst","contentType":"file"},{"name":"pep-0744.rst","path":"peps/pep-0744.rst","contentType":"file"},{"name":"pep-0745.rst","path":"peps/pep-0745.rst","contentType":"file"},{"name":"pep-0746.rst","path":"peps/pep-0746.rst","contentType":"file"},{"name":"pep-0747.rst","path":"peps/pep-0747.rst","contentType":"file"},{"name":"pep-0748.rst","path":"peps/pep-0748.rst","contentType":"file"},{"name":"pep-0749.rst","path":"peps/pep-0749.rst","contentType":"file"},{"name":"pep-0750.rst","path":"peps/pep-0750.rst","contentType":"file"},{"name":"pep-0751.rst","path":"peps/pep-0751.rst","contentType":"file"},{"name":"pep-0752.rst","path":"peps/pep-0752.rst","contentType":"file"},{"name":"pep-0753.rst","path":"peps/pep-0753.rst","contentType":"file"},{"name":"pep-0754.rst","path":"peps/pep-0754.rst","contentType":"file"},{"name":"pep-0755.rst","path":"peps/pep-0755.rst","contentType":"file"},{"name":"pep-0756.rst","path":"peps/pep-0756.rst","contentType":"file"},{"name":"pep-0757.rst","path":"peps/pep-0757.rst","contentType":"file"},{"name":"pep-0758.rst","path":"peps/pep-0758.rst","contentType":"file"},{"name":"pep-0759.rst","path":"peps/pep-0759.rst","contentType":"file"},{"name":"pep-0760.rst","path":"peps/pep-0760.rst","contentType":"file"},{"name":"pep-0761.rst","path":"peps/pep-0761.rst","contentType":"file"},{"name":"pep-0762.rst","path":"peps/pep-0762.rst","contentType":"file"},{"name":"pep-0763.rst","path":"peps/pep-0763.rst","contentType":"file"},{"name":"pep-0764.rst","path":"peps/pep-0764.rst","contentType":"file"},{"name":"pep-0765.rst","path":"peps/pep-0765.rst","contentType":"file"},{"name":"pep-0766.rst","path":"peps/pep-0766.rst","contentType":"file"},{"name":"pep-0767.rst","path":"peps/pep-0767.rst","contentType":"file"},{"name":"pep-0768.rst","path":"peps/pep-0768.rst","contentType":"file"},{"name":"pep-0769.rst","path":"peps/pep-0769.rst","contentType":"file"},{"name":"pep-0770.rst","path":"peps/pep-0770.rst","contentType":"file"},{"name":"pep-0771.rst","path":"peps/pep-0771.rst","contentType":"file"},{"name":"pep-0772.rst","path":"peps/pep-0772.rst","contentType":"file"},{"name":"pep-0773.rst","path":"peps/pep-0773.rst","contentType":"file"},{"name":"pep-0774.rst","path":"peps/pep-0774.rst","contentType":"file"},{"name":"pep-0775.rst","path":"peps/pep-0775.rst","contentType":"file"},{"name":"pep-0776.rst","path":"peps/pep-0776.rst","contentType":"file"},{"name":"pep-0777.rst","path":"peps/pep-0777.rst","contentType":"file"},{"name":"pep-0779.rst","path":"peps/pep-0779.rst","contentType":"file"},{"name":"pep-0780.rst","path":"peps/pep-0780.rst","contentType":"file"},{"name":"pep-0789.rst","path":"peps/pep-0789.rst","contentType":"file"},{"name":"pep-0801.rst","path":"peps/pep-0801.rst","contentType":"file"},{"name":"pep-2026.rst","path":"peps/pep-2026.rst","contentType":"file"},{"name":"pep-3000.rst","path":"peps/pep-3000.rst","contentType":"file"},{"name":"pep-3001.rst","path":"peps/pep-3001.rst","contentType":"file"},{"name":"pep-3002.rst","path":"peps/pep-3002.rst","contentType":"file"},{"name":"pep-3003.rst","path":"peps/pep-3003.rst","contentType":"file"},{"name":"pep-3099.rst","path":"peps/pep-3099.rst","contentType":"file"},{"name":"pep-3100.rst","path":"peps/pep-3100.rst","contentType":"file"},{"name":"pep-3101.rst","path":"peps/pep-3101.rst","contentType":"file"},{"name":"pep-3102.rst","path":"peps/pep-3102.rst","contentType":"file"},{"name":"pep-3103.rst","path":"peps/pep-3103.rst","contentType":"file"},{"name":"pep-3104.rst","path":"peps/pep-3104.rst","contentType":"file"},{"name":"pep-3105.rst","path":"peps/pep-3105.rst","contentType":"file"},{"name":"pep-3106.rst","path":"peps/pep-3106.rst","contentType":"file"},{"name":"pep-3107.rst","path":"peps/pep-3107.rst","contentType":"file"},{"name":"pep-3108.rst","path":"peps/pep-3108.rst","contentType":"file"},{"name":"pep-3109.rst","path":"peps/pep-3109.rst","contentType":"file"},{"name":"pep-3110.rst","path":"peps/pep-3110.rst","contentType":"file"},{"name":"pep-3111.rst","path":"peps/pep-3111.rst","contentType":"file"},{"name":"pep-3112.rst","path":"peps/pep-3112.rst","contentType":"file"},{"name":"pep-3113.rst","path":"peps/pep-3113.rst","contentType":"file"},{"name":"pep-3114.rst","path":"peps/pep-3114.rst","contentType":"file"},{"name":"pep-3115.rst","path":"peps/pep-3115.rst","contentType":"file"},{"name":"pep-3116.rst","path":"peps/pep-3116.rst","contentType":"file"},{"name":"pep-3117.rst","path":"peps/pep-3117.rst","contentType":"file"},{"name":"pep-3118.rst","path":"peps/pep-3118.rst","contentType":"file"},{"name":"pep-3119.rst","path":"peps/pep-3119.rst","contentType":"file"},{"name":"pep-3120.rst","path":"peps/pep-3120.rst","contentType":"file"},{"name":"pep-3121.rst","path":"peps/pep-3121.rst","contentType":"file"},{"name":"pep-3122.rst","path":"peps/pep-3122.rst","contentType":"file"},{"name":"pep-3123.rst","path":"peps/pep-3123.rst","contentType":"file"},{"name":"pep-3124.rst","path":"peps/pep-3124.rst","contentType":"file"},{"name":"pep-3125.rst","path":"peps/pep-3125.rst","contentType":"file"},{"name":"pep-3126.rst","path":"peps/pep-3126.rst","contentType":"file"},{"name":"pep-3127.rst","path":"peps/pep-3127.rst","contentType":"file"},{"name":"pep-3128.rst","path":"peps/pep-3128.rst","contentType":"file"},{"name":"pep-3129.rst","path":"peps/pep-3129.rst","contentType":"file"},{"name":"pep-3130.rst","path":"peps/pep-3130.rst","contentType":"file"},{"name":"pep-3131.rst","path":"peps/pep-3131.rst","contentType":"file"},{"name":"pep-3132.rst","path":"peps/pep-3132.rst","contentType":"file"},{"name":"pep-3133.rst","path":"peps/pep-3133.rst","contentType":"file"},{"name":"pep-3134.rst","path":"peps/pep-3134.rst","contentType":"file"},{"name":"pep-3135.rst","path":"peps/pep-3135.rst","contentType":"file"},{"name":"pep-3136.rst","path":"peps/pep-3136.rst","contentType":"file"},{"name":"pep-3137.rst","path":"peps/pep-3137.rst","contentType":"file"},{"name":"pep-3138.rst","path":"peps/pep-3138.rst","contentType":"file"},{"name":"pep-3139.rst","path":"peps/pep-3139.rst","contentType":"file"},{"name":"pep-3140.rst","path":"peps/pep-3140.rst","contentType":"file"},{"name":"pep-3141.rst","path":"peps/pep-3141.rst","contentType":"file"},{"name":"pep-3142.rst","path":"peps/pep-3142.rst","contentType":"file"},{"name":"pep-3143.rst","path":"peps/pep-3143.rst","contentType":"file"},{"name":"pep-3144.rst","path":"peps/pep-3144.rst","contentType":"file"},{"name":"pep-3145.rst","path":"peps/pep-3145.rst","contentType":"file"},{"name":"pep-3146.rst","path":"peps/pep-3146.rst","contentType":"file"},{"name":"pep-3147-1.dia","path":"peps/pep-3147-1.dia","contentType":"file"},{"name":"pep-3147-1.png","path":"peps/pep-3147-1.png","contentType":"file"},{"name":"pep-3147.rst","path":"peps/pep-3147.rst","contentType":"file"},{"name":"pep-3148.rst","path":"peps/pep-3148.rst","contentType":"file"},{"name":"pep-3149.rst","path":"peps/pep-3149.rst","contentType":"file"},{"name":"pep-3150.rst","path":"peps/pep-3150.rst","contentType":"file"},{"name":"pep-3151.rst","path":"peps/pep-3151.rst","contentType":"file"},{"name":"pep-3152.rst","path":"peps/pep-3152.rst","contentType":"file"},{"name":"pep-3153.rst","path":"peps/pep-3153.rst","contentType":"file"},{"name":"pep-3154.rst","path":"peps/pep-3154.rst","contentType":"file"},{"name":"pep-3155.rst","path":"peps/pep-3155.rst","contentType":"file"},{"name":"pep-3156.rst","path":"peps/pep-3156.rst","contentType":"file"},{"name":"pep-3333.rst","path":"peps/pep-3333.rst","contentType":"file"},{"name":"pep-789-example-no-yield.png","path":"peps/pep-789-example-no-yield.png","contentType":"file"},{"name":"pep-789-example-yield-allowed.png","path":"peps/pep-789-example-yield-allowed.png","contentType":"file"},{"name":"pep-789-example-yield-errors.png","path":"peps/pep-789-example-yield-errors.png","contentType":"file"},{"name":"pep-8000.rst","path":"peps/pep-8000.rst","contentType":"file"},{"name":"pep-8001.rst","path":"peps/pep-8001.rst","contentType":"file"},{"name":"pep-8002.rst","path":"peps/pep-8002.rst","contentType":"file"},{"name":"pep-8010.rst","path":"peps/pep-8010.rst","contentType":"file"},{"name":"pep-8011.rst","path":"peps/pep-8011.rst","contentType":"file"},{"name":"pep-8012.rst","path":"peps/pep-8012.rst","contentType":"file"},{"name":"pep-8013.rst","path":"peps/pep-8013.rst","contentType":"file"},{"name":"pep-8014.rst","path":"peps/pep-8014.rst","contentType":"file"},{"name":"pep-8015.rst","path":"peps/pep-8015.rst","contentType":"file"},{"name":"pep-8016.rst","path":"peps/pep-8016.rst","contentType":"file"},{"name":"pep-8100.rst","path":"peps/pep-8100.rst","contentType":"file"},{"name":"pep-8101.rst","path":"peps/pep-8101.rst","contentType":"file"},{"name":"pep-8102.rst","path":"peps/pep-8102.rst","contentType":"file"},{"name":"pep-8103.rst","path":"peps/pep-8103.rst","contentType":"file"},{"name":"pep-8104.rst","path":"peps/pep-8104.rst","contentType":"file"},{"name":"pep-8105.rst","path":"peps/pep-8105.rst","contentType":"file"},{"name":"pep-8106.rst","path":"peps/pep-8106.rst","contentType":"file"}],"totalCount":719},"":{"items":[{"name":"peps","path":"peps","contentType":"directory"}]}},"fileTreeProcessingTime":255.891374,"foldersToFetch":[""],"repo":{"id":13414105,"defaultBranch":"main","name":"peps","ownerLogin":"python","currentUserCanPush":false,"isFork":false,"isEmpty":false,"createdAt":"2013-10-08T13:27:12.000Z","ownerAvatar":"https://avatars.githubusercontent.com/u/1525981?v=4","public":true,"private":false,"isOrgOwned":true},"codeLineWrapEnabled":false,"symbolsExpanded":false,"treeExpanded":true,"refInfo":{"name":"main","listCacheKey":"v0:1736207583.0","canEdit":false,"refType":"branch","currentOid":"94a76e68a28129d2d780ee8c1c093e1183df3f2f"},"path":"peps/pep-3127.rst","currentUser":null,"blob":{"rawLines":null,"stylingDirectives":null,"colorizedLines":null,"csv":null,"csvError":null,"dependabotInfo":{"showConfigurationBanner":false,"configFilePath":null,"networkDependabotPath":"/python/peps/network/updates","dismissConfigurationNoticePath":"/settings/dismiss-notice/dependabot_configuration_notice","configurationNoticeDismissed":null},"displayName":"pep-3127.rst","displayUrl":"https://github.com/python/peps/blob/main/peps/pep-3127.rst?raw=true","headerInfo":{"blobSize":"19.3 KB","deleteTooltip":"You must be signed in to make or propose changes","editTooltip":"You must be signed in to make or propose changes","ghDesktopPath":"https://desktop.github.com","isGitLfs":false,"onBranch":true,"shortPath":"d3b753f","siteNavLoginPath":"/login?return_to=https%3A%2F%2Fgithub.com%2Fpython%2Fpeps%2Fblob%2Fmain%2Fpeps%2Fpep-3127.rst","isCSV":false,"isRichtext":true,"toc":[{"level":2,"text":"Abstract","anchor":"abstract","htmlText":"Abstract"},{"level":2,"text":"Motivation","anchor":"motivation","htmlText":"Motivation"},{"level":2,"text":"Specification","anchor":"specification","htmlText":"Specification"},{"level":3,"text":"Grammar specification","anchor":"grammar-specification","htmlText":"Grammar specification"},{"level":3,"text":"int() specification","anchor":"int-specification","htmlText":"int() specification"},{"level":3,"text":"long() specification","anchor":"long-specification","htmlText":"long() specification"},{"level":3,"text":"Tokenizer exception handling","anchor":"tokenizer-exception-handling","htmlText":"Tokenizer exception handling"},{"level":3,"text":"int() exception handling","anchor":"int-exception-handling","htmlText":"int() exception handling"},{"level":3,"text":"oct() function","anchor":"oct-function","htmlText":"oct() function"},{"level":3,"text":"Output formatting","anchor":"output-formatting","htmlText":"Output formatting"},{"level":3,"text":"Transition from 2.6 to 3.0","anchor":"transition-from-26-to-30","htmlText":"Transition from 2.6 to 3.0"},{"level":2,"text":"Rationale","anchor":"rationale","htmlText":"Rationale"},{"level":3,"text":"Background","anchor":"background","htmlText":"Background"},{"level":3,"text":"Removal of old octal syntax","anchor":"removal-of-old-octal-syntax","htmlText":"Removal of old octal syntax"},{"level":3,"text":"Supported radices","anchor":"supported-radices","htmlText":"Supported radices"},{"level":3,"text":"Syntax for supported radices","anchor":"syntax-for-supported-radices","htmlText":"Syntax for supported radices"},{"level":2,"text":"Open Issues","anchor":"open-issues","htmlText":"Open Issues"},{"level":2,"text":"References","anchor":"references","htmlText":"References"},{"level":2,"text":"Copyright","anchor":"copyright","htmlText":"Copyright"}],"lineInfo":{"truncatedLoc":"505","truncatedSloc":"382"},"mode":"file"},"image":false,"isCodeownersFile":null,"isPlain":false,"isValidLegacyIssueTemplate":false,"issueTemplate":null,"discussionTemplate":null,"language":"reStructuredText","languageID":419,"large":false,"planSupportInfo":{"repoIsFork":null,"repoOwnedByCurrentUser":null,"requestFullPath":"/python/peps/blob/main/peps/pep-3127.rst","showFreeOrgGatedFeatureMessage":null,"showPlanSupportBanner":null,"upgradeDataAttributes":null,"upgradePath":null},"publishBannersInfo":{"dismissActionNoticePath":"/settings/dismiss-notice/publish_action_from_dockerfile","releasePath":"/python/peps/releases/new?marketplace=true","showPublishActionBanner":false},"rawBlobUrl":"https://github.com/python/peps/raw/refs/heads/main/peps/pep-3127.rst","renderImageOrRaw":false,"richText":"\u003carticle class=\"markdown-body entry-content container-lg\" itemprop=\"text\"\u003e\u003cp dir=\"auto\"\u003ePEP: 3127\nTitle: Integer Literal Support and Syntax\nAuthor: Patrick Maupin \u0026lt;\u003ca href=\"mailto:pmaupin@gmail.com\"\u003epmaupin@gmail.com\u003c/a\u003e\u0026gt;\nDiscussions-To: \u003ca href=\"mailto:python-3000@python.org\"\u003epython-3000@python.org\u003c/a\u003e\nStatus: Final\nType: Standards Track\nCreated: 14-Mar-2007\nPython-Version: 3.0\nPost-History: 18-Mar-2007\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003ca name=\"user-content-abstract\"\u003e\u003c/a\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"markdown-heading\" dir=\"auto\"\u003e\u003ch2 tabindex=\"-1\" class=\"heading-element\" dir=\"auto\"\u003eAbstract\u003c/h2\u003e\u003ca id=\"user-content-abstract\" class=\"anchor\" aria-label=\"Permalink: Abstract\" href=\"#abstract\"\u003e\u003csvg class=\"octicon octicon-link\" viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" version=\"1.1\" width=\"16\" height=\"16\" aria-hidden=\"true\"\u003e\u003cpath d=\"m7.775 3.275 1.25-1.25a3.5 3.5 0 1 1 4.95 4.95l-2.5 2.5a3.5 3.5 0 0 1-4.95 0 .751.751 0 0 1 .018-1.042.751.751 0 0 1 1.042-.018 1.998 1.998 0 0 0 2.83 0l2.5-2.5a2.002 2.002 0 0 0-2.83-2.83l-1.25 1.25a.751.751 0 0 1-1.042-.018.751.751 0 0 1-.018-1.042Zm-4.69 9.64a1.998 1.998 0 0 0 2.83 0l1.25-1.25a.751.751 0 0 1 1.042.018.751.751 0 0 1 .018 1.042l-1.25 1.25a3.5 3.5 0 1 1-4.95-4.95l2.5-2.5a3.5 3.5 0 0 1 4.95 0 .751.751 0 0 1-.018 1.042.751.751 0 0 1-1.042.018 1.998 1.998 0 0 0-2.83 0l-2.5 2.5a1.998 1.998 0 0 0 0 2.83Z\"\u003e\u003c/path\u003e\u003c/svg\u003e\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003cp dir=\"auto\"\u003eThis PEP proposes changes to the Python core to rationalize\nthe treatment of string literal representations of integers\nin different radices (bases). These changes are targeted at\nPython 3.0, but the backward-compatible parts of the changes\nshould be added to Python 2.6, so that all valid 3.0 integer\nliterals will also be valid in 2.6.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp dir=\"auto\"\u003eThe proposal is that:\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003col dir=\"auto\"\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eoctal literals must now be specified\nwith a leading \"0o\" or \"0O\" instead of \"0\";\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003ebinary literals are now supported via a\nleading \"0b\" or \"0B\"; and\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eprovision will be made for binary numbers in\nstring formatting.\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003c/ol\u003e\n\u003ca name=\"user-content-motivation\"\u003e\u003c/a\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"markdown-heading\" dir=\"auto\"\u003e\u003ch2 tabindex=\"-1\" class=\"heading-element\" dir=\"auto\"\u003eMotivation\u003c/h2\u003e\u003ca id=\"user-content-motivation\" class=\"anchor\" aria-label=\"Permalink: Motivation\" href=\"#motivation\"\u003e\u003csvg class=\"octicon octicon-link\" viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" version=\"1.1\" width=\"16\" height=\"16\" aria-hidden=\"true\"\u003e\u003cpath d=\"m7.775 3.275 1.25-1.25a3.5 3.5 0 1 1 4.95 4.95l-2.5 2.5a3.5 3.5 0 0 1-4.95 0 .751.751 0 0 1 .018-1.042.751.751 0 0 1 1.042-.018 1.998 1.998 0 0 0 2.83 0l2.5-2.5a2.002 2.002 0 0 0-2.83-2.83l-1.25 1.25a.751.751 0 0 1-1.042-.018.751.751 0 0 1-.018-1.042Zm-4.69 9.64a1.998 1.998 0 0 0 2.83 0l1.25-1.25a.751.751 0 0 1 1.042.018.751.751 0 0 1 .018 1.042l-1.25 1.25a3.5 3.5 0 1 1-4.95-4.95l2.5-2.5a3.5 3.5 0 0 1 4.95 0 .751.751 0 0 1-.018 1.042.751.751 0 0 1-1.042.018 1.998 1.998 0 0 0-2.83 0l-2.5 2.5a1.998 1.998 0 0 0 0 2.83Z\"\u003e\u003c/path\u003e\u003c/svg\u003e\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003cp dir=\"auto\"\u003eThis PEP was motivated by two different issues:\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cul dir=\"auto\"\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eThe default octal representation of integers is silently confusing\nto people unfamiliar with C-like languages. It is extremely easy\nto inadvertently create an integer object with the wrong value,\nbecause '013' means 'decimal 11', not 'decimal 13', to the Python\nlanguage itself, which is not the meaning that most humans would\nassign to this literal.\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eSome Python users have a strong desire for binary support in\nthe language.\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003c/ul\u003e\n\u003ca name=\"user-content-specification\"\u003e\u003c/a\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"markdown-heading\" dir=\"auto\"\u003e\u003ch2 tabindex=\"-1\" class=\"heading-element\" dir=\"auto\"\u003eSpecification\u003c/h2\u003e\u003ca id=\"user-content-specification\" class=\"anchor\" aria-label=\"Permalink: Specification\" href=\"#specification\"\u003e\u003csvg class=\"octicon octicon-link\" viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" version=\"1.1\" width=\"16\" height=\"16\" aria-hidden=\"true\"\u003e\u003cpath d=\"m7.775 3.275 1.25-1.25a3.5 3.5 0 1 1 4.95 4.95l-2.5 2.5a3.5 3.5 0 0 1-4.95 0 .751.751 0 0 1 .018-1.042.751.751 0 0 1 1.042-.018 1.998 1.998 0 0 0 2.83 0l2.5-2.5a2.002 2.002 0 0 0-2.83-2.83l-1.25 1.25a.751.751 0 0 1-1.042-.018.751.751 0 0 1-.018-1.042Zm-4.69 9.64a1.998 1.998 0 0 0 2.83 0l1.25-1.25a.751.751 0 0 1 1.042.018.751.751 0 0 1 .018 1.042l-1.25 1.25a3.5 3.5 0 1 1-4.95-4.95l2.5-2.5a3.5 3.5 0 0 1 4.95 0 .751.751 0 0 1-.018 1.042.751.751 0 0 1-1.042.018 1.998 1.998 0 0 0-2.83 0l-2.5 2.5a1.998 1.998 0 0 0 0 2.83Z\"\u003e\u003c/path\u003e\u003c/svg\u003e\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003ca name=\"user-content-grammar-specification\"\u003e\u003c/a\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"markdown-heading\" dir=\"auto\"\u003e\u003ch3 tabindex=\"-1\" class=\"heading-element\" dir=\"auto\"\u003eGrammar specification\u003c/h3\u003e\u003ca id=\"user-content-grammar-specification\" class=\"anchor\" aria-label=\"Permalink: Grammar specification\" href=\"#grammar-specification\"\u003e\u003csvg class=\"octicon octicon-link\" viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" version=\"1.1\" width=\"16\" height=\"16\" aria-hidden=\"true\"\u003e\u003cpath d=\"m7.775 3.275 1.25-1.25a3.5 3.5 0 1 1 4.95 4.95l-2.5 2.5a3.5 3.5 0 0 1-4.95 0 .751.751 0 0 1 .018-1.042.751.751 0 0 1 1.042-.018 1.998 1.998 0 0 0 2.83 0l2.5-2.5a2.002 2.002 0 0 0-2.83-2.83l-1.25 1.25a.751.751 0 0 1-1.042-.018.751.751 0 0 1-.018-1.042Zm-4.69 9.64a1.998 1.998 0 0 0 2.83 0l1.25-1.25a.751.751 0 0 1 1.042.018.751.751 0 0 1 .018 1.042l-1.25 1.25a3.5 3.5 0 1 1-4.95-4.95l2.5-2.5a3.5 3.5 0 0 1 4.95 0 .751.751 0 0 1-.018 1.042.751.751 0 0 1-1.042.018 1.998 1.998 0 0 0-2.83 0l-2.5 2.5a1.998 1.998 0 0 0 0 2.83Z\"\u003e\u003c/path\u003e\u003c/svg\u003e\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003cp dir=\"auto\"\u003eThe grammar will be changed. For Python 2.6, the changed and\nnew token definitions will be:\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cpre\u003einteger ::= decimalinteger | octinteger | hexinteger |\n bininteger | oldoctinteger\n\noctinteger ::= \"0\" (\"o\" | \"O\") octdigit+\n\nbininteger ::= \"0\" (\"b\" | \"B\") bindigit+\n\noldoctinteger ::= \"0\" octdigit+\n\nbindigit ::= \"0\" | \"1\"\n\u003c/pre\u003e\n\u003cp dir=\"auto\"\u003eFor Python 3.0, \"oldoctinteger\" will not be supported, and\nan exception will be raised if a literal has a leading \"0\" and\na second character which is a digit.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp dir=\"auto\"\u003eFor both versions, this will require changes to PyLong_FromString\nas well as the grammar.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp dir=\"auto\"\u003eThe documentation will have to be changed as well: grammar.txt,\nas well as the integer literal section of the reference manual.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp dir=\"auto\"\u003e\u003ca href=\"http://www.python.org/dev/peps/pep-0306\" rel=\"nofollow\"\u003ePEP 306\u003c/a\u003e should be checked for other issues, and that PEP should\nbe updated if the procedure described therein is insufficient.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003ca name=\"user-content-int-specification\"\u003e\u003c/a\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"markdown-heading\" dir=\"auto\"\u003e\u003ch3 tabindex=\"-1\" class=\"heading-element\" dir=\"auto\"\u003eint() specification\u003c/h3\u003e\u003ca id=\"user-content-int-specification\" class=\"anchor\" aria-label=\"Permalink: int() specification\" href=\"#int-specification\"\u003e\u003csvg class=\"octicon octicon-link\" viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" version=\"1.1\" width=\"16\" height=\"16\" aria-hidden=\"true\"\u003e\u003cpath d=\"m7.775 3.275 1.25-1.25a3.5 3.5 0 1 1 4.95 4.95l-2.5 2.5a3.5 3.5 0 0 1-4.95 0 .751.751 0 0 1 .018-1.042.751.751 0 0 1 1.042-.018 1.998 1.998 0 0 0 2.83 0l2.5-2.5a2.002 2.002 0 0 0-2.83-2.83l-1.25 1.25a.751.751 0 0 1-1.042-.018.751.751 0 0 1-.018-1.042Zm-4.69 9.64a1.998 1.998 0 0 0 2.83 0l1.25-1.25a.751.751 0 0 1 1.042.018.751.751 0 0 1 .018 1.042l-1.25 1.25a3.5 3.5 0 1 1-4.95-4.95l2.5-2.5a3.5 3.5 0 0 1 4.95 0 .751.751 0 0 1-.018 1.042.751.751 0 0 1-1.042.018 1.998 1.998 0 0 0-2.83 0l-2.5 2.5a1.998 1.998 0 0 0 0 2.83Z\"\u003e\u003c/path\u003e\u003c/svg\u003e\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003cp dir=\"auto\"\u003eint(s, 0) will also match the new grammar definition.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp dir=\"auto\"\u003eThis should happen automatically with the changes to\nPyLong_FromString required for the grammar change.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp dir=\"auto\"\u003eAlso the documentation for int() should be changed to explain\nthat int(s) operates identically to int(s, 10), and the word\n\"guess\" should be removed from the description of int(s, 0).\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003ca name=\"user-content-long-specification\"\u003e\u003c/a\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"markdown-heading\" dir=\"auto\"\u003e\u003ch3 tabindex=\"-1\" class=\"heading-element\" dir=\"auto\"\u003elong() specification\u003c/h3\u003e\u003ca id=\"user-content-long-specification\" class=\"anchor\" aria-label=\"Permalink: long() specification\" href=\"#long-specification\"\u003e\u003csvg class=\"octicon octicon-link\" viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" version=\"1.1\" width=\"16\" height=\"16\" aria-hidden=\"true\"\u003e\u003cpath d=\"m7.775 3.275 1.25-1.25a3.5 3.5 0 1 1 4.95 4.95l-2.5 2.5a3.5 3.5 0 0 1-4.95 0 .751.751 0 0 1 .018-1.042.751.751 0 0 1 1.042-.018 1.998 1.998 0 0 0 2.83 0l2.5-2.5a2.002 2.002 0 0 0-2.83-2.83l-1.25 1.25a.751.751 0 0 1-1.042-.018.751.751 0 0 1-.018-1.042Zm-4.69 9.64a1.998 1.998 0 0 0 2.83 0l1.25-1.25a.751.751 0 0 1 1.042.018.751.751 0 0 1 .018 1.042l-1.25 1.25a3.5 3.5 0 1 1-4.95-4.95l2.5-2.5a3.5 3.5 0 0 1 4.95 0 .751.751 0 0 1-.018 1.042.751.751 0 0 1-1.042.018 1.998 1.998 0 0 0-2.83 0l-2.5 2.5a1.998 1.998 0 0 0 0 2.83Z\"\u003e\u003c/path\u003e\u003c/svg\u003e\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003cp dir=\"auto\"\u003eFor Python 2.6, the long() implementation and documentation\nshould be changed to reflect the new grammar.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003ca name=\"user-content-tokenizer-exception-handling\"\u003e\u003c/a\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"markdown-heading\" dir=\"auto\"\u003e\u003ch3 tabindex=\"-1\" class=\"heading-element\" dir=\"auto\"\u003eTokenizer exception handling\u003c/h3\u003e\u003ca id=\"user-content-tokenizer-exception-handling\" class=\"anchor\" aria-label=\"Permalink: Tokenizer exception handling\" href=\"#tokenizer-exception-handling\"\u003e\u003csvg class=\"octicon octicon-link\" viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" version=\"1.1\" width=\"16\" height=\"16\" aria-hidden=\"true\"\u003e\u003cpath d=\"m7.775 3.275 1.25-1.25a3.5 3.5 0 1 1 4.95 4.95l-2.5 2.5a3.5 3.5 0 0 1-4.95 0 .751.751 0 0 1 .018-1.042.751.751 0 0 1 1.042-.018 1.998 1.998 0 0 0 2.83 0l2.5-2.5a2.002 2.002 0 0 0-2.83-2.83l-1.25 1.25a.751.751 0 0 1-1.042-.018.751.751 0 0 1-.018-1.042Zm-4.69 9.64a1.998 1.998 0 0 0 2.83 0l1.25-1.25a.751.751 0 0 1 1.042.018.751.751 0 0 1 .018 1.042l-1.25 1.25a3.5 3.5 0 1 1-4.95-4.95l2.5-2.5a3.5 3.5 0 0 1 4.95 0 .751.751 0 0 1-.018 1.042.751.751 0 0 1-1.042.018 1.998 1.998 0 0 0-2.83 0l-2.5 2.5a1.998 1.998 0 0 0 0 2.83Z\"\u003e\u003c/path\u003e\u003c/svg\u003e\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003cp dir=\"auto\"\u003eIf an invalid token contains a leading \"0\", the exception\nerror message should be more informative than the current\n\"SyntaxError: invalid token\". It should explain that decimal\nnumbers may not have a leading zero, and that octal numbers\nrequire an \"o\" after the leading zero.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003ca name=\"user-content-int-exception-handling\"\u003e\u003c/a\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"markdown-heading\" dir=\"auto\"\u003e\u003ch3 tabindex=\"-1\" class=\"heading-element\" dir=\"auto\"\u003eint() exception handling\u003c/h3\u003e\u003ca id=\"user-content-int-exception-handling\" class=\"anchor\" aria-label=\"Permalink: int() exception handling\" href=\"#int-exception-handling\"\u003e\u003csvg class=\"octicon octicon-link\" viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" version=\"1.1\" width=\"16\" height=\"16\" aria-hidden=\"true\"\u003e\u003cpath d=\"m7.775 3.275 1.25-1.25a3.5 3.5 0 1 1 4.95 4.95l-2.5 2.5a3.5 3.5 0 0 1-4.95 0 .751.751 0 0 1 .018-1.042.751.751 0 0 1 1.042-.018 1.998 1.998 0 0 0 2.83 0l2.5-2.5a2.002 2.002 0 0 0-2.83-2.83l-1.25 1.25a.751.751 0 0 1-1.042-.018.751.751 0 0 1-.018-1.042Zm-4.69 9.64a1.998 1.998 0 0 0 2.83 0l1.25-1.25a.751.751 0 0 1 1.042.018.751.751 0 0 1 .018 1.042l-1.25 1.25a3.5 3.5 0 1 1-4.95-4.95l2.5-2.5a3.5 3.5 0 0 1 4.95 0 .751.751 0 0 1-.018 1.042.751.751 0 0 1-1.042.018 1.998 1.998 0 0 0-2.83 0l-2.5 2.5a1.998 1.998 0 0 0 0 2.83Z\"\u003e\u003c/path\u003e\u003c/svg\u003e\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003cp dir=\"auto\"\u003eThe ValueError raised for any call to int() with a string\nshould at least explicitly contain the base in the error\nmessage, e.g.:\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cpre\u003eValueError: invalid literal for base 8 int(): 09\n\u003c/pre\u003e\n\u003ca name=\"user-content-oct-function\"\u003e\u003c/a\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"markdown-heading\" dir=\"auto\"\u003e\u003ch3 tabindex=\"-1\" class=\"heading-element\" dir=\"auto\"\u003eoct() function\u003c/h3\u003e\u003ca id=\"user-content-oct-function\" class=\"anchor\" aria-label=\"Permalink: oct() function\" href=\"#oct-function\"\u003e\u003csvg class=\"octicon octicon-link\" viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" version=\"1.1\" width=\"16\" height=\"16\" aria-hidden=\"true\"\u003e\u003cpath d=\"m7.775 3.275 1.25-1.25a3.5 3.5 0 1 1 4.95 4.95l-2.5 2.5a3.5 3.5 0 0 1-4.95 0 .751.751 0 0 1 .018-1.042.751.751 0 0 1 1.042-.018 1.998 1.998 0 0 0 2.83 0l2.5-2.5a2.002 2.002 0 0 0-2.83-2.83l-1.25 1.25a.751.751 0 0 1-1.042-.018.751.751 0 0 1-.018-1.042Zm-4.69 9.64a1.998 1.998 0 0 0 2.83 0l1.25-1.25a.751.751 0 0 1 1.042.018.751.751 0 0 1 .018 1.042l-1.25 1.25a3.5 3.5 0 1 1-4.95-4.95l2.5-2.5a3.5 3.5 0 0 1 4.95 0 .751.751 0 0 1-.018 1.042.751.751 0 0 1-1.042.018 1.998 1.998 0 0 0-2.83 0l-2.5 2.5a1.998 1.998 0 0 0 0 2.83Z\"\u003e\u003c/path\u003e\u003c/svg\u003e\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003cp dir=\"auto\"\u003eoct() should be updated to output '0o' in front of\nthe octal digits (for 3.0, and 2.6 compatibility mode).\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003ca name=\"user-content-output-formatting\"\u003e\u003c/a\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"markdown-heading\" dir=\"auto\"\u003e\u003ch3 tabindex=\"-1\" class=\"heading-element\" dir=\"auto\"\u003eOutput formatting\u003c/h3\u003e\u003ca id=\"user-content-output-formatting\" class=\"anchor\" aria-label=\"Permalink: Output formatting\" href=\"#output-formatting\"\u003e\u003csvg class=\"octicon octicon-link\" viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" version=\"1.1\" width=\"16\" height=\"16\" aria-hidden=\"true\"\u003e\u003cpath d=\"m7.775 3.275 1.25-1.25a3.5 3.5 0 1 1 4.95 4.95l-2.5 2.5a3.5 3.5 0 0 1-4.95 0 .751.751 0 0 1 .018-1.042.751.751 0 0 1 1.042-.018 1.998 1.998 0 0 0 2.83 0l2.5-2.5a2.002 2.002 0 0 0-2.83-2.83l-1.25 1.25a.751.751 0 0 1-1.042-.018.751.751 0 0 1-.018-1.042Zm-4.69 9.64a1.998 1.998 0 0 0 2.83 0l1.25-1.25a.751.751 0 0 1 1.042.018.751.751 0 0 1 .018 1.042l-1.25 1.25a3.5 3.5 0 1 1-4.95-4.95l2.5-2.5a3.5 3.5 0 0 1 4.95 0 .751.751 0 0 1-.018 1.042.751.751 0 0 1-1.042.018 1.998 1.998 0 0 0-2.83 0l-2.5 2.5a1.998 1.998 0 0 0 0 2.83Z\"\u003e\u003c/path\u003e\u003c/svg\u003e\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003cp dir=\"auto\"\u003eIn 3.0, the string % operator alternate syntax for the 'o'\noption will need to be updated to add '0o' in front,\ninstead of '0'. In 2.6, alternate octal formatting will\ncontinue to add only '0'. In neither 2.6 nor 3.0 will\nthe % operator support binary output. This is because\nbinary output is already supported by \u003ca href=\"http://www.python.org/dev/peps/pep-3101\" rel=\"nofollow\"\u003ePEP 3101\u003c/a\u003e\n(str.format), which is the preferred string formatting\nmethod.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003ca name=\"user-content-transition-from-2-6-to-3-0\"\u003e\u003c/a\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"markdown-heading\" dir=\"auto\"\u003e\u003ch3 tabindex=\"-1\" class=\"heading-element\" dir=\"auto\"\u003eTransition from 2.6 to 3.0\u003c/h3\u003e\u003ca id=\"user-content-transition-from-26-to-30\" class=\"anchor\" aria-label=\"Permalink: Transition from 2.6 to 3.0\" href=\"#transition-from-26-to-30\"\u003e\u003csvg class=\"octicon octicon-link\" viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" version=\"1.1\" width=\"16\" height=\"16\" aria-hidden=\"true\"\u003e\u003cpath d=\"m7.775 3.275 1.25-1.25a3.5 3.5 0 1 1 4.95 4.95l-2.5 2.5a3.5 3.5 0 0 1-4.95 0 .751.751 0 0 1 .018-1.042.751.751 0 0 1 1.042-.018 1.998 1.998 0 0 0 2.83 0l2.5-2.5a2.002 2.002 0 0 0-2.83-2.83l-1.25 1.25a.751.751 0 0 1-1.042-.018.751.751 0 0 1-.018-1.042Zm-4.69 9.64a1.998 1.998 0 0 0 2.83 0l1.25-1.25a.751.751 0 0 1 1.042.018.751.751 0 0 1 .018 1.042l-1.25 1.25a3.5 3.5 0 1 1-4.95-4.95l2.5-2.5a3.5 3.5 0 0 1 4.95 0 .751.751 0 0 1-.018 1.042.751.751 0 0 1-1.042.018 1.998 1.998 0 0 0-2.83 0l-2.5 2.5a1.998 1.998 0 0 0 0 2.83Z\"\u003e\u003c/path\u003e\u003c/svg\u003e\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003cp dir=\"auto\"\u003eThe 2to3 translator will have to insert 'o' into any\noctal string literal.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp dir=\"auto\"\u003eThe Py3K compatible option to Python 2.6 should cause\nattempts to use oldoctinteger literals to raise an\nexception.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003ca name=\"user-content-rationale\"\u003e\u003c/a\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"markdown-heading\" dir=\"auto\"\u003e\u003ch2 tabindex=\"-1\" class=\"heading-element\" dir=\"auto\"\u003eRationale\u003c/h2\u003e\u003ca id=\"user-content-rationale\" class=\"anchor\" aria-label=\"Permalink: Rationale\" href=\"#rationale\"\u003e\u003csvg class=\"octicon octicon-link\" viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" version=\"1.1\" width=\"16\" height=\"16\" aria-hidden=\"true\"\u003e\u003cpath d=\"m7.775 3.275 1.25-1.25a3.5 3.5 0 1 1 4.95 4.95l-2.5 2.5a3.5 3.5 0 0 1-4.95 0 .751.751 0 0 1 .018-1.042.751.751 0 0 1 1.042-.018 1.998 1.998 0 0 0 2.83 0l2.5-2.5a2.002 2.002 0 0 0-2.83-2.83l-1.25 1.25a.751.751 0 0 1-1.042-.018.751.751 0 0 1-.018-1.042Zm-4.69 9.64a1.998 1.998 0 0 0 2.83 0l1.25-1.25a.751.751 0 0 1 1.042.018.751.751 0 0 1 .018 1.042l-1.25 1.25a3.5 3.5 0 1 1-4.95-4.95l2.5-2.5a3.5 3.5 0 0 1 4.95 0 .751.751 0 0 1-.018 1.042.751.751 0 0 1-1.042.018 1.998 1.998 0 0 0-2.83 0l-2.5 2.5a1.998 1.998 0 0 0 0 2.83Z\"\u003e\u003c/path\u003e\u003c/svg\u003e\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003cp dir=\"auto\"\u003eMost of the discussion on these issues occurred on the Python-3000\nmailing list starting 14-Mar-2007, prompted by an observation that\nthe average human being would be completely mystified upon finding\nthat prepending a \"0\" to a string of digits changes the meaning of\nthat digit string entirely.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp dir=\"auto\"\u003eIt was pointed out during this discussion that a similar, but shorter,\ndiscussion on the subject occurred in January 2006, prompted by a\ndiscovery of the same issue.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003ca name=\"user-content-background\"\u003e\u003c/a\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"markdown-heading\" dir=\"auto\"\u003e\u003ch3 tabindex=\"-1\" class=\"heading-element\" dir=\"auto\"\u003eBackground\u003c/h3\u003e\u003ca id=\"user-content-background\" class=\"anchor\" aria-label=\"Permalink: Background\" href=\"#background\"\u003e\u003csvg class=\"octicon octicon-link\" viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" version=\"1.1\" width=\"16\" height=\"16\" aria-hidden=\"true\"\u003e\u003cpath d=\"m7.775 3.275 1.25-1.25a3.5 3.5 0 1 1 4.95 4.95l-2.5 2.5a3.5 3.5 0 0 1-4.95 0 .751.751 0 0 1 .018-1.042.751.751 0 0 1 1.042-.018 1.998 1.998 0 0 0 2.83 0l2.5-2.5a2.002 2.002 0 0 0-2.83-2.83l-1.25 1.25a.751.751 0 0 1-1.042-.018.751.751 0 0 1-.018-1.042Zm-4.69 9.64a1.998 1.998 0 0 0 2.83 0l1.25-1.25a.751.751 0 0 1 1.042.018.751.751 0 0 1 .018 1.042l-1.25 1.25a3.5 3.5 0 1 1-4.95-4.95l2.5-2.5a3.5 3.5 0 0 1 4.95 0 .751.751 0 0 1-.018 1.042.751.751 0 0 1-1.042.018 1.998 1.998 0 0 0-2.83 0l-2.5 2.5a1.998 1.998 0 0 0 0 2.83Z\"\u003e\u003c/path\u003e\u003c/svg\u003e\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003cp dir=\"auto\"\u003eFor historical reasons, Python's string representation of integers\nin different bases (radices), for string formatting and token\nliterals, borrows heavily from C. \u003ca href=\"#id6\" id=\"user-content-id1\"\u003e[1]\u003c/a\u003e \u003ca href=\"#id7\" id=\"user-content-id2\"\u003e[2]\u003c/a\u003e Usage has shown that\nthe historical method of specifying an octal number is confusing,\nand also that it would be nice to have additional support for binary\nliterals.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp dir=\"auto\"\u003eThroughout this document, unless otherwise noted, discussions about\nthe string representation of integers relate to these features:\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cul dir=\"auto\"\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eLiteral integer tokens, as used by normal module compilation,\nby eval(), and by int(token, 0). (int(token) and int(token, 2-36)\nare not modified by this proposal.)\u003cul dir=\"auto\"\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eUnder 2.6, long() is treated the same as int()\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003c/ul\u003e\n\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eFormatting of integers into strings, either via the % string\noperator or the new \u003ca href=\"http://www.python.org/dev/peps/pep-3101\" rel=\"nofollow\"\u003ePEP 3101\u003c/a\u003e advanced string formatting method.\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003c/ul\u003e\n\u003cp dir=\"auto\"\u003eIt is presumed that:\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cul dir=\"auto\"\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eAll of these features should have an identical set\nof supported radices, for consistency.\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003ePython source code syntax and int(mystring, 0) should\ncontinue to share identical behavior.\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003c/ul\u003e\n\u003ca name=\"user-content-removal-of-old-octal-syntax\"\u003e\u003c/a\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"markdown-heading\" dir=\"auto\"\u003e\u003ch3 tabindex=\"-1\" class=\"heading-element\" dir=\"auto\"\u003eRemoval of old octal syntax\u003c/h3\u003e\u003ca id=\"user-content-removal-of-old-octal-syntax\" class=\"anchor\" aria-label=\"Permalink: Removal of old octal syntax\" href=\"#removal-of-old-octal-syntax\"\u003e\u003csvg class=\"octicon octicon-link\" viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" version=\"1.1\" width=\"16\" height=\"16\" aria-hidden=\"true\"\u003e\u003cpath d=\"m7.775 3.275 1.25-1.25a3.5 3.5 0 1 1 4.95 4.95l-2.5 2.5a3.5 3.5 0 0 1-4.95 0 .751.751 0 0 1 .018-1.042.751.751 0 0 1 1.042-.018 1.998 1.998 0 0 0 2.83 0l2.5-2.5a2.002 2.002 0 0 0-2.83-2.83l-1.25 1.25a.751.751 0 0 1-1.042-.018.751.751 0 0 1-.018-1.042Zm-4.69 9.64a1.998 1.998 0 0 0 2.83 0l1.25-1.25a.751.751 0 0 1 1.042.018.751.751 0 0 1 .018 1.042l-1.25 1.25a3.5 3.5 0 1 1-4.95-4.95l2.5-2.5a3.5 3.5 0 0 1 4.95 0 .751.751 0 0 1-.018 1.042.751.751 0 0 1-1.042.018 1.998 1.998 0 0 0-2.83 0l-2.5 2.5a1.998 1.998 0 0 0 0 2.83Z\"\u003e\u003c/path\u003e\u003c/svg\u003e\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003cp dir=\"auto\"\u003eThis PEP proposes that the ability to specify an octal number by\nusing a leading zero will be removed from the language in Python 3.0\n(and the Python 3.0 preview mode of 2.6), and that a SyntaxError will\nbe raised whenever a leading \"0\" is immediately followed by another\ndigit.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp dir=\"auto\"\u003eDuring the present discussion, it was almost universally agreed that:\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cpre\u003eeval('010') == 8\n\u003c/pre\u003e\n\u003cp dir=\"auto\"\u003eshould no longer be true, because that is confusing to new users.\nIt was also proposed that:\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cpre\u003eeval('0010') == 10\n\u003c/pre\u003e\n\u003cp dir=\"auto\"\u003eshould become true, but that is much more contentious, because it is so\ninconsistent with usage in other computer languages that mistakes are\nlikely to be made.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp dir=\"auto\"\u003eAlmost all currently popular computer languages, including C/C++,\nJava, Perl, and JavaScript, treat a sequence of digits with a\nleading zero as an octal number. Proponents of treating these\nnumbers as decimal instead have a very valid point -- as discussed\nin \u003ca href=\"#supported-radices\"\u003eSupported radices\u003c/a\u003e, below, the entire non-computer world uses\ndecimal numbers almost exclusively. There is ample anecdotal\nevidence that many people are dismayed and confused if they\nare confronted with non-decimal radices.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp dir=\"auto\"\u003eHowever, in most situations, most people do not write gratuitous\nzeros in front of their decimal numbers. The primary exception is\nwhen an attempt is being made to line up columns of numbers. But\nsince \u003ca href=\"http://www.python.org/dev/peps/pep-0008\" rel=\"nofollow\"\u003ePEP 8\u003c/a\u003e specifically discourages the use of spaces to try to\nalign Python code, one would suspect the same argument should apply\nto the use of leading zeros for the same purpose.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp dir=\"auto\"\u003eFinally, although the email discussion often focused on whether anybody\nactually \u003cem\u003euses\u003c/em\u003e octal any more, and whether we should cater to those\nold-timers in any case, that is almost entirely besides the point.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp dir=\"auto\"\u003eAssume the rare complete newcomer to computing who \u003cem\u003edoes\u003c/em\u003e, either\noccasionally or as a matter of habit, use leading zeros for decimal\nnumbers. Python could either:\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003col dir=\"auto\"\u003e\n\u003cli\u003esilently do the wrong thing with their numbers, as it does now;\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eimmediately disabuse them of the notion that this is viable syntax\n(and yes, the SyntaxWarning should be more gentle than it\ncurrently is, but that is a subject for a different PEP); or\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003elet them continue to think that computers are happy with\nmulti-digit decimal integers which start with \"0\".\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003c/ol\u003e\n\u003cp dir=\"auto\"\u003eSome people passionately believe that (c) is the correct answer,\nand they would be absolutely right if we could be sure that new\nusers will never blossom and grow and start writing AJAX applications.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp dir=\"auto\"\u003eSo while a new Python user may (currently) be mystified at the\ndelayed discovery that their numbers don't work properly, we can\nfix it by explaining to them immediately that Python doesn't like\nleading zeros (hopefully with a reasonable message!), or we can\ndelegate this teaching experience to the JavaScript interpreter\nin the browser, and let them try to debug their issue there.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003ca name=\"user-content-supported-radices\"\u003e\u003c/a\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"markdown-heading\" dir=\"auto\"\u003e\u003ch3 tabindex=\"-1\" class=\"heading-element\" dir=\"auto\"\u003eSupported radices\u003c/h3\u003e\u003ca id=\"user-content-supported-radices\" class=\"anchor\" aria-label=\"Permalink: Supported radices\" href=\"#supported-radices\"\u003e\u003csvg class=\"octicon octicon-link\" viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" version=\"1.1\" width=\"16\" height=\"16\" aria-hidden=\"true\"\u003e\u003cpath d=\"m7.775 3.275 1.25-1.25a3.5 3.5 0 1 1 4.95 4.95l-2.5 2.5a3.5 3.5 0 0 1-4.95 0 .751.751 0 0 1 .018-1.042.751.751 0 0 1 1.042-.018 1.998 1.998 0 0 0 2.83 0l2.5-2.5a2.002 2.002 0 0 0-2.83-2.83l-1.25 1.25a.751.751 0 0 1-1.042-.018.751.751 0 0 1-.018-1.042Zm-4.69 9.64a1.998 1.998 0 0 0 2.83 0l1.25-1.25a.751.751 0 0 1 1.042.018.751.751 0 0 1 .018 1.042l-1.25 1.25a3.5 3.5 0 1 1-4.95-4.95l2.5-2.5a3.5 3.5 0 0 1 4.95 0 .751.751 0 0 1-.018 1.042.751.751 0 0 1-1.042.018 1.998 1.998 0 0 0-2.83 0l-2.5 2.5a1.998 1.998 0 0 0 0 2.83Z\"\u003e\u003c/path\u003e\u003c/svg\u003e\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003cp dir=\"auto\"\u003eThis PEP proposes that the supported radices for the Python\nlanguage will be 2, 8, 10, and 16.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp dir=\"auto\"\u003eOnce it is agreed that the old syntax for octal (radix 8) representation\nof integers must be removed from the language, the next obvious\nquestion is \"Do we actually need a way to specify (and display)\nnumbers in octal?\"\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp dir=\"auto\"\u003eThis question is quickly followed by \"What radices does the language\nneed to support?\" Because computers are so adept at doing what you\ntell them to, a tempting answer in the discussion was \"all of them.\"\nThis answer has obviously been given before -- the int() constructor\nwill accept an explicit radix with a value between 2 and 36, inclusive,\nwith the latter number bearing a suspicious arithmetic similarity to\nthe sum of the number of numeric digits and the number of same-case\nletters in the ASCII alphabet.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp dir=\"auto\"\u003eBut the best argument for inclusion will have a use-case to back\nit up, so the idea of supporting all radices was quickly rejected,\nand the only radices left with any real support were decimal,\nhexadecimal, octal, and binary.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp dir=\"auto\"\u003eJust because a particular radix has a vocal supporter on the\nmailing list does not mean that it really should be in the\nlanguage, so the rest of this section is a treatise on the\nutility of these particular radices, vs. other possible choices.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp dir=\"auto\"\u003eHumans use other numeric bases constantly. If I tell you that\nit is 12:30 PM, I have communicated quantitative information\narguably composed of \u003cem\u003ethree\u003c/em\u003e separate bases (12, 60, and 2),\nonly one of which is in the \"agreed\" list above. But the\n\u003cem\u003ecommunication\u003c/em\u003e of that information used two decimal digits\neach for the base 12 and base 60 information, and, perversely,\ntwo letters for information which could have fit in a single\ndecimal digit.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp dir=\"auto\"\u003eSo, in general, humans communicate \"normal\" (non-computer)\nnumerical information either via names (AM, PM, January, ...)\nor via use of decimal notation. Obviously, names are\nseldom used for large sets of items, so decimal is used for\neverything else. There are studies which attempt to explain\nwhy this is so, typically reaching the expected conclusion\nthat the Arabic numeral system is well-suited to human\ncognition. \u003ca href=\"#id8\" id=\"user-content-id3\"\u003e[3]\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp dir=\"auto\"\u003eThere is even support in the history of the design of\ncomputers to indicate that decimal notation is the correct\nway for computers to communicate with humans. One of\nthe first modern computers, ENIAC \u003ca href=\"#id9\" id=\"user-content-id4\"\u003e[4]\u003c/a\u003e computed in decimal,\neven though there were already existing computers which\noperated in binary.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp dir=\"auto\"\u003eDecimal computer operation was important enough\nthat many computers, including the ubiquitous PC, have\ninstructions designed to operate on \"binary coded decimal\"\n(BCD) \u003ca href=\"#id10\" id=\"user-content-id5\"\u003e[5]\u003c/a\u003e, a representation which devotes 4 bits to each\ndecimal digit. These instructions date from a time when the\nmost strenuous calculations ever performed on many numbers\nwere the calculations actually required to perform textual\nI/O with them. It is possible to display BCD without having\nto perform a divide/remainder operation on every displayed\ndigit, and this was a huge computational win when most\nhardware didn't have fast divide capability. Another factor\ncontributing to the use of BCD is that, with BCD calculations,\nrounding will happen exactly the same way that a human would\ndo it, so BCD is still sometimes used in fields like finance,\ndespite the computational and storage superiority of binary.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp dir=\"auto\"\u003eSo, if it weren't for the fact that computers themselves\nnormally use binary for efficient computation and data\nstorage, string representations of integers would probably\nalways be in decimal.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp dir=\"auto\"\u003eUnfortunately, computer hardware doesn't think like humans,\nso programmers and hardware engineers must often resort to\nthinking like the computer, which means that it is important\nfor Python to have the ability to communicate binary data\nin a form that is understandable to humans.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp dir=\"auto\"\u003eThe requirement that the binary data notation must be cognitively\neasy for humans to process means that it should contain an integral\nnumber of binary digits (bits) per symbol, while otherwise\nconforming quite closely to the standard tried-and-true decimal\nnotation (position indicates power, larger magnitude on the left,\nnot too many symbols in the alphabet, etc.).\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp dir=\"auto\"\u003eThe obvious \"sweet spot\" for this binary data notation is\nthus octal, which packs the largest integral number of bits\npossible into a single symbol chosen from the Arabic numeral\nalphabet.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp dir=\"auto\"\u003eIn fact, some computer architectures, such as the PDP8 and the\n8080/Z80, were defined in terms of octal, in the sense of arranging\nthe bitfields of instructions in groups of three, and using\noctal representations to describe the instruction set.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp dir=\"auto\"\u003eEven today, octal is important because of bit-packed structures\nwhich consist of 3 bits per field, such as Unix file permission\nmasks.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp dir=\"auto\"\u003eBut octal has a drawback when used for larger numbers. The\nnumber of bits per symbol, while integral, is not itself\na power of two. This limitation (given that the word size\nof most computers these days is a power of two) has resulted\nin hexadecimal, which is more popular than octal despite the\nfact that it requires a 60% larger alphabet than decimal,\nbecause each symbol contains 4 bits.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp dir=\"auto\"\u003eSome numbers, such as Unix file permission masks, are easily\ndecoded by humans when represented in octal, but difficult to\ndecode in hexadecimal, while other numbers are much easier for\nhumans to handle in hexadecimal.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp dir=\"auto\"\u003eUnfortunately, there are also binary numbers used in computers\nwhich are not very well communicated in either hexadecimal or\noctal. Thankfully, fewer people have to deal with these on a\nregular basis, but on the other hand, this means that several\npeople on the discussion list questioned the wisdom of adding\na straight binary representation to Python.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp dir=\"auto\"\u003eOne example of where these numbers is very useful is in\nreading and writing hardware registers. Sometimes hardware\ndesigners will eschew human readability and opt for address\nspace efficiency, by packing multiple bit fields into a single\nhardware register at unaligned bit locations, and it is tedious\nand error-prone for a human to reconstruct a 5 bit field which\nconsists of the upper 3 bits of one hex digit, and the lower 2\nbits of the next hex digit.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp dir=\"auto\"\u003eEven if the ability of Python to communicate binary information\nto humans is only useful for a small technical subset of the\npopulation, it is exactly that population subset which contains\nmost, if not all, members of the Python core team, so even straight\nbinary, the least useful of these notations, has several enthusiastic\nsupporters and few, if any, staunch opponents, among the Python community.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003ca name=\"user-content-syntax-for-supported-radices\"\u003e\u003c/a\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"markdown-heading\" dir=\"auto\"\u003e\u003ch3 tabindex=\"-1\" class=\"heading-element\" dir=\"auto\"\u003eSyntax for supported radices\u003c/h3\u003e\u003ca id=\"user-content-syntax-for-supported-radices\" class=\"anchor\" aria-label=\"Permalink: Syntax for supported radices\" href=\"#syntax-for-supported-radices\"\u003e\u003csvg class=\"octicon octicon-link\" viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" version=\"1.1\" width=\"16\" height=\"16\" aria-hidden=\"true\"\u003e\u003cpath d=\"m7.775 3.275 1.25-1.25a3.5 3.5 0 1 1 4.95 4.95l-2.5 2.5a3.5 3.5 0 0 1-4.95 0 .751.751 0 0 1 .018-1.042.751.751 0 0 1 1.042-.018 1.998 1.998 0 0 0 2.83 0l2.5-2.5a2.002 2.002 0 0 0-2.83-2.83l-1.25 1.25a.751.751 0 0 1-1.042-.018.751.751 0 0 1-.018-1.042Zm-4.69 9.64a1.998 1.998 0 0 0 2.83 0l1.25-1.25a.751.751 0 0 1 1.042.018.751.751 0 0 1 .018 1.042l-1.25 1.25a3.5 3.5 0 1 1-4.95-4.95l2.5-2.5a3.5 3.5 0 0 1 4.95 0 .751.751 0 0 1-.018 1.042.751.751 0 0 1-1.042.018 1.998 1.998 0 0 0-2.83 0l-2.5 2.5a1.998 1.998 0 0 0 0 2.83Z\"\u003e\u003c/path\u003e\u003c/svg\u003e\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003cp dir=\"auto\"\u003eThis proposal is to use a \"0o\" prefix with either uppercase\nor lowercase \"o\" for octal, and a \"0b\" prefix with either\nuppercase or lowercase \"b\" for binary.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp dir=\"auto\"\u003eThere was strong support for not supporting uppercase, but\nthis is a separate subject for a different PEP, as 'j' for\ncomplex numbers, 'e' for exponent, and 'r' for raw string\n(to name a few) already support uppercase.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp dir=\"auto\"\u003eThe syntax for delimiting the different radices received a lot of\nattention in the discussion on Python-3000. There are several\n(sometimes conflicting) requirements and \"nice-to-haves\" for\nthis syntax:\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cul dir=\"auto\"\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eIt should be as compatible with other languages and\nprevious versions of Python as is reasonable, both\nfor the input syntax and for the output (e.g. string\n% operator) syntax.\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eIt should be as obvious to the casual observer as\npossible.\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eIt should be easy to visually distinguish integers\nformatted in the different bases.\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003c/ul\u003e\n\u003cp dir=\"auto\"\u003eProposed syntaxes included things like arbitrary radix prefixes,\nsuch as 16r100 (256 in hexadecimal), and radix suffixes, similar\nto the 100h assembler-style suffix. The debate on whether the\nletter \"O\" could be used for octal was intense -- an uppercase\n\"O\" looks suspiciously similar to a zero in some fonts. Suggestions\nwere made to use a \"c\" (the second letter of \"oCtal\"), or even\nto use a \"t\" for \"ocTal\" and an \"n\" for \"biNary\" to go along\nwith the \"x\" for \"heXadecimal\".\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp dir=\"auto\"\u003eFor the string % operator, \"o\" was already being used to denote\noctal. Binary formatting is not being added to the % operator\nbecause \u003ca href=\"http://www.python.org/dev/peps/pep-3101\" rel=\"nofollow\"\u003ePEP 3101\u003c/a\u003e (Advanced String Formatting) already supports\nbinary, % formatting will be deprecated in the future.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp dir=\"auto\"\u003eAt the end of the day, since uppercase \"O\" can look like a zero\nand uppercase \"B\" can look like an 8, it was decided that these\nprefixes should be lowercase only, but, like 'r' for raw string,\nthat can be a preference or style-guide issue.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003ca name=\"user-content-open-issues\"\u003e\u003c/a\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"markdown-heading\" dir=\"auto\"\u003e\u003ch2 tabindex=\"-1\" class=\"heading-element\" dir=\"auto\"\u003eOpen Issues\u003c/h2\u003e\u003ca id=\"user-content-open-issues\" class=\"anchor\" aria-label=\"Permalink: Open Issues\" href=\"#open-issues\"\u003e\u003csvg class=\"octicon octicon-link\" viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" version=\"1.1\" width=\"16\" height=\"16\" aria-hidden=\"true\"\u003e\u003cpath d=\"m7.775 3.275 1.25-1.25a3.5 3.5 0 1 1 4.95 4.95l-2.5 2.5a3.5 3.5 0 0 1-4.95 0 .751.751 0 0 1 .018-1.042.751.751 0 0 1 1.042-.018 1.998 1.998 0 0 0 2.83 0l2.5-2.5a2.002 2.002 0 0 0-2.83-2.83l-1.25 1.25a.751.751 0 0 1-1.042-.018.751.751 0 0 1-.018-1.042Zm-4.69 9.64a1.998 1.998 0 0 0 2.83 0l1.25-1.25a.751.751 0 0 1 1.042.018.751.751 0 0 1 .018 1.042l-1.25 1.25a3.5 3.5 0 1 1-4.95-4.95l2.5-2.5a3.5 3.5 0 0 1 4.95 0 .751.751 0 0 1-.018 1.042.751.751 0 0 1-1.042.018 1.998 1.998 0 0 0-2.83 0l-2.5 2.5a1.998 1.998 0 0 0 0 2.83Z\"\u003e\u003c/path\u003e\u003c/svg\u003e\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003cp dir=\"auto\"\u003eIt was suggested in the discussion that lowercase should be used\nfor all numeric and string special modifiers, such as 'x' for\nhexadecimal, 'r' for raw strings, 'e' for exponentiation, and\n'j' for complex numbers. This is an issue for a separate PEP.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp dir=\"auto\"\u003eThis PEP takes no position on uppercase or lowercase for input,\njust noting that, for consistency, if uppercase is not to be\nremoved from input parsing for other letters, it should be\nadded for octal and binary, and documenting the changes under\nthis assumption, as there is not yet a PEP about the case issue.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp dir=\"auto\"\u003eOutput formatting may be a different story -- there is already\nample precedence for case sensitivity in the output format string,\nand there would need to be a consensus that there is a valid\nuse-case for the \"alternate form\" of the string % operator\nto support uppercase 'B' or 'O' characters for binary or\noctal output. Currently, \u003ca href=\"http://www.python.org/dev/peps/pep-3101\" rel=\"nofollow\"\u003ePEP 3101\u003c/a\u003e does not even support this\nalternate capability, and the hex() function does not allow\nthe programmer to specify the case of the 'x' character.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp dir=\"auto\"\u003eThere are still some strong feelings that '0123' should be\nallowed as a literal decimal in Python 3.0. If this is the\nright thing to do, this can easily be covered in an additional\nPEP. This proposal only takes the first step of making '0123'\nnot be a valid octal number, for reasons covered in the rationale.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp dir=\"auto\"\u003eIs there (or should there be) an option for the 2to3 translator\nwhich only makes the 2.6 compatible changes? Should this be\nrun on 2.6 library code before the 2.6 release?\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp dir=\"auto\"\u003eShould a bin() function which matches hex() and oct() be added?\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp dir=\"auto\"\u003eIs hex() really that useful once we have advanced string formatting?\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003ca name=\"user-content-references\"\u003e\u003c/a\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"markdown-heading\" dir=\"auto\"\u003e\u003ch2 tabindex=\"-1\" class=\"heading-element\" dir=\"auto\"\u003eReferences\u003c/h2\u003e\u003ca id=\"user-content-references\" class=\"anchor\" aria-label=\"Permalink: References\" href=\"#references\"\u003e\u003csvg class=\"octicon octicon-link\" viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" version=\"1.1\" width=\"16\" height=\"16\" aria-hidden=\"true\"\u003e\u003cpath d=\"m7.775 3.275 1.25-1.25a3.5 3.5 0 1 1 4.95 4.95l-2.5 2.5a3.5 3.5 0 0 1-4.95 0 .751.751 0 0 1 .018-1.042.751.751 0 0 1 1.042-.018 1.998 1.998 0 0 0 2.83 0l2.5-2.5a2.002 2.002 0 0 0-2.83-2.83l-1.25 1.25a.751.751 0 0 1-1.042-.018.751.751 0 0 1-.018-1.042Zm-4.69 9.64a1.998 1.998 0 0 0 2.83 0l1.25-1.25a.751.751 0 0 1 1.042.018.751.751 0 0 1 .018 1.042l-1.25 1.25a3.5 3.5 0 1 1-4.95-4.95l2.5-2.5a3.5 3.5 0 0 1 4.95 0 .751.751 0 0 1-.018 1.042.751.751 0 0 1-1.042.018 1.998 1.998 0 0 0-2.83 0l-2.5 2.5a1.998 1.998 0 0 0 0 2.83Z\"\u003e\u003c/path\u003e\u003c/svg\u003e\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003cmarkdown-accessiblity-table\u003e\u003ctable frame=\"void\" id=\"user-content-id6\" rules=\"none\"\u003e\n\n\u003ctbody valign=\"top\"\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd\u003e\u003ca href=\"#id1\"\u003e[1]\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd\u003eGNU libc manual printf integer format conversions\n(\u003ca href=\"http://www.gnu.org/software/libc/manual/html_node/Integer-Conversions.html\" rel=\"nofollow\"\u003ehttp://www.gnu.org/software/libc/manual/html_node/Integer-Conversions.html\u003c/a\u003e)\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003c/tbody\u003e\n\u003c/table\u003e\u003c/markdown-accessiblity-table\u003e\n\u003cmarkdown-accessiblity-table\u003e\u003ctable frame=\"void\" id=\"user-content-id7\" rules=\"none\"\u003e\n\n\u003ctbody valign=\"top\"\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd\u003e\u003ca href=\"#id2\"\u003e[2]\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd\u003ePython string formatting operations\n(\u003ca href=\"http://docs.python.org/library/stdtypes.html#string-formatting-operations\" rel=\"nofollow\"\u003ehttp://docs.python.org/library/stdtypes.html#string-formatting-operations\u003c/a\u003e)\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003c/tbody\u003e\n\u003c/table\u003e\u003c/markdown-accessiblity-table\u003e\n\u003cmarkdown-accessiblity-table\u003e\u003ctable frame=\"void\" id=\"user-content-id8\" rules=\"none\"\u003e\n\n\u003ctbody valign=\"top\"\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd\u003e\u003ca href=\"#id3\"\u003e[3]\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd\u003eThe Representation of Numbers, Jiajie Zhang and Donald A. Norman\n(\u003ca href=\"http://acad88.sahs.uth.tmc.edu/research/publications/Number-Representation.pdf\" rel=\"nofollow\"\u003ehttp://acad88.sahs.uth.tmc.edu/research/publications/Number-Representation.pdf\u003c/a\u003e)\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003c/tbody\u003e\n\u003c/table\u003e\u003c/markdown-accessiblity-table\u003e\n\u003cmarkdown-accessiblity-table\u003e\u003ctable frame=\"void\" id=\"user-content-id9\" rules=\"none\"\u003e\n\n\u003ctbody valign=\"top\"\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd\u003e\u003ca href=\"#id4\"\u003e[4]\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd\u003eENIAC page at Wikipedia\n(\u003ca href=\"http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ENIAC\" rel=\"nofollow\"\u003ehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ENIAC\u003c/a\u003e)\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003c/tbody\u003e\n\u003c/table\u003e\u003c/markdown-accessiblity-table\u003e\n\u003cmarkdown-accessiblity-table\u003e\u003ctable frame=\"void\" id=\"user-content-id10\" rules=\"none\"\u003e\n\n\u003ctbody valign=\"top\"\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd\u003e\u003ca href=\"#id5\"\u003e[5]\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd\u003eBCD page at Wikipedia\n(\u003ca href=\"http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Binary-coded_decimal\" rel=\"nofollow\"\u003ehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Binary-coded_decimal\u003c/a\u003e)\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003c/tbody\u003e\n\u003c/table\u003e\u003c/markdown-accessiblity-table\u003e\n\u003ca name=\"user-content-copyright\"\u003e\u003c/a\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"markdown-heading\" dir=\"auto\"\u003e\u003ch2 tabindex=\"-1\" class=\"heading-element\" dir=\"auto\"\u003eCopyright\u003c/h2\u003e\u003ca id=\"user-content-copyright\" class=\"anchor\" aria-label=\"Permalink: Copyright\" href=\"#copyright\"\u003e\u003csvg class=\"octicon octicon-link\" viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" version=\"1.1\" width=\"16\" height=\"16\" aria-hidden=\"true\"\u003e\u003cpath d=\"m7.775 3.275 1.25-1.25a3.5 3.5 0 1 1 4.95 4.95l-2.5 2.5a3.5 3.5 0 0 1-4.95 0 .751.751 0 0 1 .018-1.042.751.751 0 0 1 1.042-.018 1.998 1.998 0 0 0 2.83 0l2.5-2.5a2.002 2.002 0 0 0-2.83-2.83l-1.25 1.25a.751.751 0 0 1-1.042-.018.751.751 0 0 1-.018-1.042Zm-4.69 9.64a1.998 1.998 0 0 0 2.83 0l1.25-1.25a.751.751 0 0 1 1.042.018.751.751 0 0 1 .018 1.042l-1.25 1.25a3.5 3.5 0 1 1-4.95-4.95l2.5-2.5a3.5 3.5 0 0 1 4.95 0 .751.751 0 0 1-.018 1.042.751.751 0 0 1-1.042.018 1.998 1.998 0 0 0-2.83 0l-2.5 2.5a1.998 1.998 0 0 0 0 2.83Z\"\u003e\u003c/path\u003e\u003c/svg\u003e\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003cp dir=\"auto\"\u003eThis document has been placed in the public domain.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\u003c/article\u003e","renderedFileInfo":null,"shortPath":null,"symbolsEnabled":true,"tabSize":8,"topBannersInfo":{"overridingGlobalFundingFile":false,"globalPreferredFundingPath":"/python/.github/blob/5a0a7cb55767fb3667fe2391bcb66bda638edcb4/FUNDING.yml","showInvalidCitationWarning":false,"citationHelpUrl":"https://docs.github.com/github/creating-cloning-and-archiving-repositories/creating-a-repository-on-github/about-citation-files","actionsOnboardingTip":null},"truncated":false,"viewable":true,"workflowRedirectUrl":null,"symbols":{"timed_out":false,"not_analyzed":true,"symbols":[]}},"copilotInfo":null,"copilotAccessAllowed":false,"modelsAccessAllowed":false,"modelsRepoIntegrationEnabled":false,"csrf_tokens":{"/python/peps/branches":{"post":"xOjvpTsXwpo5wkp65jbNsSEs3jAlKoETbVvrGkzEf0Y4sWUiYZnDeCelK2dAJgygYtw6o5jElKPDVojYHtwCwg"},"/repos/preferences":{"post":"oTPC4Ruhb-lZ17PTseh4R6zewgABYBvjsBPUBcdjS_KNVIxRE9Amj9QUNB2REJn1CvsvUCdOh7nvcdvRhcWQDQ"}}},"title":"peps/peps/pep-3127.rst at main · python/peps","appPayload":{"helpUrl":"https://docs.github.com","findFileWorkerPath":"/assets-cdn/worker/find-file-worker-7d7eb7c71814.js","findInFileWorkerPath":"/assets-cdn/worker/find-in-file-worker-96e76d5fdb2c.js","githubDevUrl":null,"enabled_features":{"code_nav_ui_events":false,"overview_shared_code_dropdown_button":false,"react_blob_overlay":false,"accessible_code_button":true,"github_models_repo_integration":false}}}</script> <div data-target="react-app.reactRoot"><style data-styled="true" data-styled-version="5.3.11">.gISSDQ{width:100%;}/*!sc*/ @media screen and (min-width:544px){.gISSDQ{width:100%;}}/*!sc*/ @media screen and (min-width:768px){.gISSDQ{width:auto;}}/*!sc*/ .iHHOSp{min-width:0;display:none;}/*!sc*/ @media screen and (min-width:768px){.iHHOSp{height:100vh;max-height:100vh !important;}}/*!sc*/ @media print,screen and (max-width:1011px) and (min-width:768px){.iHHOSp{display:none;}}/*!sc*/ .bHLmSv{position:absolute;inset:0 -2px;cursor:col-resize;background-color:transparent;-webkit-transition-delay:0.1s;transition-delay:0.1s;}/*!sc*/ .bHLmSv:hover{background-color:var(--bgColor-neutral-muted,var(--color-neutral-muted,rgba(175,184,193,0.2)));}/*!sc*/ .gsfaIN{margin-right:auto;}/*!sc*/ @media print{.gsfaIN{display:-webkit-box !important;display:-webkit-flex !important;display:-ms-flexbox !important;display:flex !important;}}/*!sc*/ .leYMvG{margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto;-webkit-flex-direction:column;-ms-flex-direction:column;flex-direction:column;padding-bottom:40px;max-width:100%;margin-top:0;}/*!sc*/ .KMPzq{display:inherit;}/*!sc*/ .hfKjHv{width:100%;}/*!sc*/ .gZWyZE{display:-webkit-box;display:-webkit-flex;display:-ms-flexbox;display:flex;gap:8px;-webkit-flex-direction:column;-ms-flex-direction:column;flex-direction:column;width:100%;}/*!sc*/ .dwYKDk{display:-webkit-box;display:-webkit-flex;display:-ms-flexbox;display:flex;-webkit-align-items:start;-webkit-box-align:start;-ms-flex-align:start;align-items:start;-webkit-box-pack:justify;-webkit-justify-content:space-between;-ms-flex-pack:justify;justify-content:space-between;gap:8px;}/*!sc*/ .ibcGmb{display:-webkit-box;display:-webkit-flex;display:-ms-flexbox;display:flex;-webkit-align-items:start;-webkit-box-align:start;-ms-flex-align:start;align-items:start;min-width:0;}/*!sc*/ .hKaEJF{display:block;margin-right:8px;}/*!sc*/ @media screen and (min-width:1360px){.hKaEJF{display:block;}}/*!sc*/ .XosP{display:-webkit-box;display:-webkit-flex;display:-ms-flexbox;display:flex;font-size:14px;}/*!sc*/ .bCKfWo[data-size="medium"]{color:var(--fgColor-muted,var(--color-fg-muted,#656d76));padding-left:8px;padding-right:8px;display:none;}/*!sc*/ @media screen and (max-width:768px){.bCKfWo[data-size="medium"]{display:block;}}/*!sc*/ .gUkoLg{-webkit-box-pack:center;-webkit-justify-content:center;-ms-flex-pack:center;justify-content:center;}/*!sc*/ .dmxRgG[data-size="medium"]{display:-webkit-box;display:-webkit-flex;display:-ms-flexbox;display:flex;}/*!sc*/ .dmxRgG[data-size="medium"] svg{color:var(--fgColor-muted,var(--color-fg-muted,#656d76));}/*!sc*/ .dmxRgG[data-size="medium"] > span{width:inherit;}/*!sc*/ .bZBlpz{display:-webkit-box;display:-webkit-flex;display:-ms-flexbox;display:flex;width:100%;}/*!sc*/ .lhTYNA{margin-right:4px;color:var(--fgColor-muted,var(--color-fg-muted,#656d76));}/*!sc*/ .dbrgmi{font-size:14px;min-width:0;max-width:125px;overflow:hidden;text-overflow:ellipsis;white-space:nowrap;}/*!sc*/ .bmcJak{min-width:0;}/*!sc*/ .dHJiml{-webkit-align-self:center;-ms-flex-item-align:center;align-self:center;display:-webkit-box;display:-webkit-flex;display:-ms-flexbox;display:flex;padding-left:8px;padding-right:8px;min-width:0;}/*!sc*/ .cEytCf{display:-webkit-box;display:-webkit-flex;display:-ms-flexbox;display:flex;-webkit-flex-direction:row;-ms-flex-direction:row;flex-direction:row;font-size:16px;min-width:0;-webkit-flex-shrink:1;-ms-flex-negative:1;flex-shrink:1;-webkit-flex-wrap:wrap;-ms-flex-wrap:wrap;flex-wrap:wrap;max-width:100%;-webkit-align-items:center;-webkit-box-align:center;-ms-flex-align:center;align-items:center;}/*!sc*/ .fzFXnm{max-width:100%;}/*!sc*/ .iMnkmv{max-width:100%;list-style:none;display:inline-block;}/*!sc*/ .ghzDag{display:inline-block;max-width:100%;}/*!sc*/ .kHuKdh{font-weight:600;}/*!sc*/ .hzJBof{padding-left:4px;padding-right:4px;font-weight:400;color:var(--fgColor-muted,var(--color-fg-muted,#656d76));font-size:16px;}/*!sc*/ .kgiVEz{font-weight:400;}/*!sc*/ .jGhzSQ{font-weight:600;display:inline-block;max-width:100%;font-size:16px;}/*!sc*/ .faNtbn{min-height:32px;display:-webkit-box;display:-webkit-flex;display:-ms-flexbox;display:flex;-webkit-align-items:start;-webkit-box-align:start;-ms-flex-align:start;align-items:start;}/*!sc*/ .fmQaBv{margin-left:4px;margin-right:4px;}/*!sc*/ .vcvyP{display:-webkit-box;display:-webkit-flex;display:-ms-flexbox;display:flex;min-width:160px;}/*!sc*/ .dwNhzn[data-size="medium"][data-no-visuals]{border-top-left-radius:0;border-bottom-left-radius:0;display:none;}/*!sc*/ .fGwBZA[data-size="medium"][data-no-visuals]{color:var(--fgColor-muted,var(--color-fg-muted,#656d76));}/*!sc*/ .dJxjrT{margin-left:16px;margin-right:16px;}/*!sc*/ .eFxKDQ{display:-webkit-box;display:-webkit-flex;display:-ms-flexbox;display:flex;-webkit-flex-direction:column;-ms-flex-direction:column;flex-direction:column;}/*!sc*/ .dzCJzi{display:-webkit-box;display:-webkit-flex;display:-ms-flexbox;display:flex;-webkit-flex-direction:row;-ms-flex-direction:row;flex-direction:row;-webkit-flex-wrap:wrap;-ms-flex-wrap:wrap;flex-wrap:wrap;-webkit-box-pack:justify;-webkit-justify-content:space-between;-ms-flex-pack:justify;justify-content:space-between;-webkit-align-items:center;-webkit-box-align:center;-ms-flex-align:center;align-items:center;gap:8px;min-width:273px;padding:8px;}/*!sc*/ @media screen and (min-width:544px){.dzCJzi{-webkit-flex-wrap:nowrap;-ms-flex-wrap:nowrap;flex-wrap:nowrap;}}/*!sc*/ .ldRxiI{display:-webkit-box;display:-webkit-flex;display:-ms-flexbox;display:flex;-webkit-flex-direction:row;-ms-flex-direction:row;flex-direction:row;}/*!sc*/ .fVkfyA{width:100%;height:-webkit-fit-content;height:-moz-fit-content;height:fit-content;min-width:0;margin-right:0;}/*!sc*/ .gNAmSV{height:40px;padding-left:4px;padding-bottom:16px;}/*!sc*/ .jNEwzY{-webkit-align-items:center;-webkit-box-align:center;-ms-flex-align:center;align-items:center;}/*!sc*/ .bsDwxw{font-size:12px;-webkit-flex:auto;-ms-flex:auto;flex:auto;padding-right:16px;color:var(--fgColor-muted,var(--color-fg-muted,#656d76));min-width:0;}/*!sc*/ .jdLMhu{top:0px;z-index:4;background:var(--bgColor-default,var(--color-canvas-default));position:-webkit-sticky;position:sticky;}/*!sc*/ .tOISc{display:-webkit-box;display:-webkit-flex;display:-ms-flexbox;display:flex;-webkit-flex-direction:column;-ms-flex-direction:column;flex-direction:column;width:100%;position:absolute;}/*!sc*/ .hqwSEx{display:none;min-width:0;padding-top:8px;padding-bottom:8px;}/*!sc*/ .bDVoEr{display:-webkit-box;display:-webkit-flex;display:-ms-flexbox;display:flex;-webkit-align-items:center;-webkit-box-align:center;-ms-flex-align:center;align-items:center;overflow:hidden;margin-left:8px;margin-right:8px;-webkit-flex-direction:row;-ms-flex-direction:row;flex-direction:row;-webkit-box-pack:justify;-webkit-justify-content:space-between;-ms-flex-pack:justify;justify-content:space-between;width:100%;}/*!sc*/ .kYLlPM{display:-webkit-box;display:-webkit-flex;display:-ms-flexbox;display:flex;-webkit-align-items:center;-webkit-box-align:center;-ms-flex-align:center;align-items:center;}/*!sc*/ .gYjEmn{margin-left:4px;margin-right:8px;}/*!sc*/ .kGqOLL{text-overflow:ellipsis;overflow:hidden;display:-webkit-box;display:-webkit-flex;display:-ms-flexbox;display:flex;}/*!sc*/ .fHind{display:-webkit-box;display:-webkit-flex;display:-ms-flexbox;display:flex;-webkit-flex-direction:row;-ms-flex-direction:row;flex-direction:row;font-size:14px;min-width:0;-webkit-flex-shrink:1;-ms-flex-negative:1;flex-shrink:1;-webkit-flex-wrap:wrap;-ms-flex-wrap:wrap;flex-wrap:wrap;max-width:100%;-webkit-align-items:center;-webkit-box-align:center;-ms-flex-align:center;align-items:center;}/*!sc*/ .oDtgN{padding-left:4px;padding-right:4px;font-weight:400;color:var(--fgColor-muted,var(--color-fg-muted,#656d76));font-size:14px;}/*!sc*/ .dnZoUW{font-weight:600;display:inline-block;max-width:100%;font-size:14px;}/*!sc*/ .jRZWlf[data-size="small"]{color:var(--fgColor-default,var(--color-fg-default,#1F2328));margin-left:8px;}/*!sc*/ .kTvpNk{padding-left:8px;padding-top:8px;padding-bottom:8px;display:-webkit-box;display:-webkit-flex;display:-ms-flexbox;display:flex;-webkit-flex:1;-ms-flex:1;flex:1;-webkit-align-items:center;-webkit-box-align:center;-ms-flex-align:center;align-items:center;-webkit-box-pack:justify;-webkit-justify-content:space-between;-ms-flex-pack:justify;justify-content:space-between;background-color:var(--bgColor-muted,var(--color-canvas-subtle,#f6f8fa));border:1px solid var(--borderColor-default,var(--color-border-default));border-radius:6px 6px 0px 0px;}/*!sc*/ .iNMjfP{display:-webkit-box;display:-webkit-flex;display:-ms-flexbox;display:flex;-webkit-align-items:center;-webkit-box-align:center;-ms-flex-align:center;align-items:center;gap:8px;min-width:0;}/*!sc*/ .gtTaSn{font-size:14px;}/*!sc*/ .dXYHoy{--separator-color:transparent;}/*!sc*/ .jBWIdY{--separator-color:var(--borderColor-default,var(--color-border-default,#d0d7de));}/*!sc*/ .kcLCKF{display:-webkit-box;display:-webkit-flex;display:-ms-flexbox;display:flex;-webkit-align-items:center;-webkit-box-align:center;-ms-flex-align:center;align-items:center;gap:8px;margin-right:8px;}/*!sc*/ .kVWtTz{gap:8px;}/*!sc*/ .gWqxTd{padding-left:8px;padding-right:8px;}/*!sc*/ .gWqxTd linkButtonSx:hover:not([disabled]){-webkit-text-decoration:none;text-decoration:none;}/*!sc*/ .gWqxTd linkButtonSx:focus:not([disabled]){-webkit-text-decoration:none;text-decoration:none;}/*!sc*/ .gWqxTd linkButtonSx:active:not([disabled]){-webkit-text-decoration:none;text-decoration:none;}/*!sc*/ .ivobqY[data-size="small"][data-no-visuals]{border-top-left-radius:0;border-bottom-left-radius:0;}/*!sc*/ .iNRSob[data-size="small"][data-no-visuals]{color:var(--fgColor-muted,var(--color-fg-muted));margin-right:8px;}/*!sc*/ .ffkqe[data-size="small"][data-no-visuals]{color:var(--fgColor-muted,var(--color-fg-muted,#656d76));}/*!sc*/ .hGyMdv{border:1px solid;border-top:none;border-color:var(--borderColor-default,var(--color-border-default,#d0d7de));border-radius:0px 0px 6px 6px;min-width:273px;}/*!sc*/ .fGqKFv{background-color:var(--bgColor-default,var(--color-canvas-default));border:0px;border-width:0;border-radius:0px 0px 6px 6px;padding:0;min-width:0;margin-top:46px;-webkit-box-pack:center;-webkit-justify-content:center;-ms-flex-pack:center;justify-content:center;}/*!sc*/ .eoaCFS{border-bottom-left-radius:6px;border-bottom-right-radius:6px;padding:32px;min-width:0;}/*!sc*/ .cCoXib{position:fixed;top:0;right:0;height:100%;width:15px;-webkit-transition:-webkit-transform 0.3s;-webkit-transition:transform 0.3s;transition:transform 0.3s;z-index:1;}/*!sc*/ .cCoXib:hover{-webkit-transform:scaleX(1.5);-ms-transform:scaleX(1.5);transform:scaleX(1.5);}/*!sc*/ data-styled.g1[id="Box-sc-g0xbh4-0"]{content:"gISSDQ,iHHOSp,bHLmSv,gsfaIN,leYMvG,KMPzq,hfKjHv,gZWyZE,dwYKDk,ibcGmb,hKaEJF,XosP,bCKfWo,gUkoLg,dmxRgG,bZBlpz,lhTYNA,dbrgmi,bmcJak,dHJiml,cEytCf,fzFXnm,iMnkmv,ghzDag,kHuKdh,hzJBof,kgiVEz,jGhzSQ,faNtbn,fmQaBv,vcvyP,dwNhzn,fGwBZA,dJxjrT,eFxKDQ,dzCJzi,ldRxiI,fVkfyA,gNAmSV,jNEwzY,bsDwxw,jdLMhu,tOISc,hqwSEx,bDVoEr,kYLlPM,gYjEmn,kGqOLL,fHind,oDtgN,dnZoUW,jRZWlf,kTvpNk,iNMjfP,gtTaSn,dXYHoy,jBWIdY,kcLCKF,kVWtTz,gWqxTd,ivobqY,iNRSob,ffkqe,hGyMdv,fGqKFv,eoaCFS,cCoXib,"}/*!sc*/ .hWlpPn{position:relative;display:inline-block;}/*!sc*/ .hWlpPn::after{position:absolute;z-index:1000000;display:none;padding:0.5em 0.75em;font:normal normal 11px/1.5 -apple-system,BlinkMacSystemFont,"Segoe UI","Noto Sans",Helvetica,Arial,sans-serif,"Apple Color Emoji","Segoe UI Emoji";-webkit-font-smoothing:subpixel-antialiased;color:var(--tooltip-fgColor,var(--fgColor-onEmphasis,var(--color-fg-on-emphasis,#ffffff)));text-align:center;-webkit-text-decoration:none;text-decoration:none;text-shadow:none;text-transform:none;-webkit-letter-spacing:normal;-moz-letter-spacing:normal;-ms-letter-spacing:normal;letter-spacing:normal;word-wrap:break-word;white-space:pre;pointer-events:none;content:attr(aria-label);background:var(--tooltip-bgColor,var(--bgColor-emphasis,var(--color-neutral-emphasis-plus,#24292f)));border-radius:6px;opacity:0;}/*!sc*/ @-webkit-keyframes tooltip-appear{from{opacity:0;}to{opacity:1;}}/*!sc*/ @keyframes tooltip-appear{from{opacity:0;}to{opacity:1;}}/*!sc*/ .hWlpPn:hover::after,.hWlpPn:active::after,.hWlpPn:focus::after,.hWlpPn:focus-within::after{display:inline-block;-webkit-text-decoration:none;text-decoration:none;-webkit-animation-name:tooltip-appear;animation-name:tooltip-appear;-webkit-animation-duration:0.1s;animation-duration:0.1s;-webkit-animation-fill-mode:forwards;animation-fill-mode:forwards;-webkit-animation-timing-function:ease-in;animation-timing-function:ease-in;-webkit-animation-delay:0s;animation-delay:0s;}/*!sc*/ .hWlpPn.tooltipped-no-delay:hover::after,.hWlpPn.tooltipped-no-delay:active::after,.hWlpPn.tooltipped-no-delay:focus::after,.hWlpPn.tooltipped-no-delay:focus-within::after{-webkit-animation-delay:0s;animation-delay:0s;}/*!sc*/ .hWlpPn.tooltipped-multiline:hover::after,.hWlpPn.tooltipped-multiline:active::after,.hWlpPn.tooltipped-multiline:focus::after,.hWlpPn.tooltipped-multiline:focus-within::after{display:table-cell;}/*!sc*/ .hWlpPn.tooltipped-s::after,.hWlpPn.tooltipped-se::after,.hWlpPn.tooltipped-sw::after{top:100%;right:50%;margin-top:6px;}/*!sc*/ .hWlpPn.tooltipped-se::after{right:auto;left:50%;margin-left:-16px;}/*!sc*/ .hWlpPn.tooltipped-sw::after{margin-right:-16px;}/*!sc*/ .hWlpPn.tooltipped-n::after,.hWlpPn.tooltipped-ne::after,.hWlpPn.tooltipped-nw::after{right:50%;bottom:100%;margin-bottom:6px;}/*!sc*/ .hWlpPn.tooltipped-ne::after{right:auto;left:50%;margin-left:-16px;}/*!sc*/ .hWlpPn.tooltipped-nw::after{margin-right:-16px;}/*!sc*/ .hWlpPn.tooltipped-s::after,.hWlpPn.tooltipped-n::after{-webkit-transform:translateX(50%);-ms-transform:translateX(50%);transform:translateX(50%);}/*!sc*/ .hWlpPn.tooltipped-w::after{right:100%;bottom:50%;margin-right:6px;-webkit-transform:translateY(50%);-ms-transform:translateY(50%);transform:translateY(50%);}/*!sc*/ .hWlpPn.tooltipped-e::after{bottom:50%;left:100%;margin-left:6px;-webkit-transform:translateY(50%);-ms-transform:translateY(50%);transform:translateY(50%);}/*!sc*/ .hWlpPn.tooltipped-multiline::after{width:-webkit-max-content;width:-moz-max-content;width:max-content;max-width:250px;word-wrap:break-word;white-space:pre-line;border-collapse:separate;}/*!sc*/ .hWlpPn.tooltipped-multiline.tooltipped-s::after,.hWlpPn.tooltipped-multiline.tooltipped-n::after{right:auto;left:50%;-webkit-transform:translateX(-50%);-ms-transform:translateX(-50%);transform:translateX(-50%);}/*!sc*/ .hWlpPn.tooltipped-multiline.tooltipped-w::after,.hWlpPn.tooltipped-multiline.tooltipped-e::after{right:100%;}/*!sc*/ .hWlpPn.tooltipped-align-right-2::after{right:0;margin-right:0;}/*!sc*/ .hWlpPn.tooltipped-align-left-2::after{left:0;margin-left:0;}/*!sc*/ data-styled.g16[id="Tooltip__TooltipBase-sc-17tf59c-0"]{content:"hWlpPn,"}/*!sc*/ .eAtkQz{display:inline-block;overflow:hidden;text-overflow:ellipsis;vertical-align:top;white-space:nowrap;max-width:125px;max-width:100%;}/*!sc*/ data-styled.g18[id="Truncate__StyledTruncate-sc-23o1d2-0"]{content:"eAtkQz,"}/*!sc*/ </style><meta data-hydrostats="publish"/>   <button hidden="" data-testid="header-permalink-button" data-hotkey-scope="read-only-cursor-text-area"></button><button hidden=""></button><div><div style="--sticky-pane-height:100vh;--spacing:var(--spacing-none)" class="Box-sc-g0xbh4-0 prc-PageLayout-PageLayoutRoot-1zlEO"><div class="Box-sc-g0xbh4-0 prc-PageLayout-PageLayoutWrapper-s2ao4" data-width="full"><div class="Box-sc-g0xbh4-0 prc-PageLayout-PageLayoutContent-jzDMn"><div tabindex="0" class="Box-sc-g0xbh4-0 gISSDQ"><div class="Box-sc-g0xbh4-0 iHHOSp prc-PageLayout-PaneWrapper-nGO0U" style="--offset-header:0px;--spacing-row:var(--spacing-none);--spacing-column:var(--spacing-none)" data-is-hidden="false" data-position="start" data-sticky="true"><div class="Box-sc-g0xbh4-0 prc-PageLayout-HorizontalDivider-CYLp5 prc-PageLayout-PaneHorizontalDivider-4exOb" data-variant="none" data-position="start" style="--spacing-divider:var(--spacing-none);--spacing:var(--spacing-none)"></div><div class="Box-sc-g0xbh4-0 prc-PageLayout-Pane-Vl5LI" data-resizable="true" style="--spacing:var(--spacing-none);--pane-min-width:256px;--pane-max-width:calc(100vw - var(--pane-max-width-diff));--pane-width-size:var(--pane-width-large);--pane-width:320px"></div><div class="Box-sc-g0xbh4-0 prc-PageLayout-VerticalDivider-4A4Qm prc-PageLayout-PaneVerticalDivider-1c9vy" data-variant="none" data-position="start" style="--spacing:var(--spacing-none)"><div role="slider" aria-label="Draggable pane splitter" aria-valuemin="0" aria-valuemax="0" aria-valuenow="0" aria-valuetext="Pane width 0 pixels" tabindex="0" class="Box-sc-g0xbh4-0 bHLmSv"></div></div></div></div><div class="Box-sc-g0xbh4-0 gsfaIN prc-PageLayout-ContentWrapper-b-QRo" data-is-hidden="false"><div class="Box-sc-g0xbh4-0"></div><div class="Box-sc-g0xbh4-0 prc-PageLayout-Content--F7-I" data-width="full" style="--spacing:var(--spacing-none)"><div data-selector="repos-split-pane-content" tabindex="0" class="Box-sc-g0xbh4-0 leYMvG"><div class="Box-sc-g0xbh4-0 KMPzq"><div class="Box-sc-g0xbh4-0 hfKjHv container"><div class="px-3 pt-3 pb-0" id="StickyHeader"><div class="Box-sc-g0xbh4-0 gZWyZE"><div class="Box-sc-g0xbh4-0 dwYKDk"><div class="Box-sc-g0xbh4-0 ibcGmb react-code-view-header-wrap--narrow"><div class="Box-sc-g0xbh4-0 hKaEJF"><h2 class="Box-sc-g0xbh4-0 XosP prc-Heading-Heading-6CmGO"><button style="--button-color:fg.muted" type="button" aria-label="Expand file tree" data-testid="expand-file-tree-button-mobile" class="Box-sc-g0xbh4-0 bCKfWo prc-Button-ButtonBase-c50BI" data-loading="false" data-size="medium" data-variant="invisible" aria-describedby=":Rld9lab:-loading-announcement"><span data-component="buttonContent" class="Box-sc-g0xbh4-0 gUkoLg prc-Button-ButtonContent-HKbr-"><span data-component="leadingVisual" class="prc-Button-Visual-2epfX prc-Button-VisualWrap-Db-eB"><svg aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" class="octicon octicon-arrow-left" viewBox="0 0 16 16" width="16" height="16" fill="currentColor" display="inline-block" overflow="visible" style="vertical-align:text-bottom"><path d="M7.78 12.53a.75.75 0 0 1-1.06 0L2.47 8.28a.75.75 0 0 1 0-1.06l4.25-4.25a.751.751 0 0 1 1.042.018.751.751 0 0 1 .018 1.042L4.81 7h7.44a.75.75 0 0 1 0 1.5H4.81l2.97 2.97a.75.75 0 0 1 0 1.06Z"></path></svg></span><span data-component="text" class="prc-Button-Label-pTQ3x">Files</span></span></button><span role="tooltip" aria-label="Expand file tree" id="expand-button-file-tree-button" class="Tooltip__TooltipBase-sc-17tf59c-0 hWlpPn tooltipped-se"><button data-component="IconButton" type="button" data-testid="expand-file-tree-button" aria-controls="repos-file-tree" class="prc-Button-ButtonBase-c50BI position-relative ExpandFileTreeButton-module__expandButton--gL4is ExpandFileTreeButton-module__filesButtonBreakpoint--WfX9t fgColor-muted prc-Button-IconButton-szpyj" data-loading="false" data-no-visuals="true" data-size="medium" data-variant="invisible" aria-describedby=":R35d9lab:-loading-announcement" aria-labelledby="expand-button-file-tree-button"><svg aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" class="octicon octicon-sidebar-collapse" viewBox="0 0 16 16" width="16" height="16" fill="currentColor" display="inline-block" overflow="visible" style="vertical-align:text-bottom"><path d="M6.823 7.823a.25.25 0 0 1 0 .354l-2.396 2.396A.25.25 0 0 1 4 10.396V5.604a.25.25 0 0 1 .427-.177Z"></path><path d="M1.75 0h12.5C15.216 0 16 .784 16 1.75v12.5A1.75 1.75 0 0 1 14.25 16H1.75A1.75 1.75 0 0 1 0 14.25V1.75C0 .784.784 0 1.75 0ZM1.5 1.75v12.5c0 .138.112.25.25.25H9.5v-13H1.75a.25.25 0 0 0-.25.25ZM11 14.5h3.25a.25.25 0 0 0 .25-.25V1.75a.25.25 0 0 0-.25-.25H11Z"></path></svg></button></span><button hidden="" data-testid="" data-hotkey-scope="read-only-cursor-text-area"></button></h2></div><div class="react-code-view-header-mb--narrow mr-2"><button type="button" aria-haspopup="true" aria-expanded="false" tabindex="0" aria-label="main branch" data-testid="anchor-button" class="Box-sc-g0xbh4-0 dmxRgG prc-Button-ButtonBase-c50BI ref-selector-class" data-loading="false" data-size="medium" data-variant="default" aria-describedby="branch-picker-repos-header-ref-selector-wide-loading-announcement" id="branch-picker-repos-header-ref-selector-wide"><span data-component="buttonContent" class="Box-sc-g0xbh4-0 gUkoLg prc-Button-ButtonContent-HKbr-"><span data-component="text" class="prc-Button-Label-pTQ3x"><div class="Box-sc-g0xbh4-0 bZBlpz"><div class="Box-sc-g0xbh4-0 lhTYNA"><svg aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" class="octicon octicon-git-branch" viewBox="0 0 16 16" width="16" height="16" fill="currentColor" display="inline-block" overflow="visible" style="vertical-align:text-bottom"><path d="M9.5 3.25a2.25 2.25 0 1 1 3 2.122V6A2.5 2.5 0 0 1 10 8.5H6a1 1 0 0 0-1 1v1.128a2.251 2.251 0 1 1-1.5 0V5.372a2.25 2.25 0 1 1 1.5 0v1.836A2.493 2.493 0 0 1 6 7h4a1 1 0 0 0 1-1v-.628A2.25 2.25 0 0 1 9.5 3.25Zm-6 0a.75.75 0 1 0 1.5 0 .75.75 0 0 0-1.5 0Zm8.25-.75a.75.75 0 1 0 0 1.5.75.75 0 0 0 0-1.5ZM4.25 12a.75.75 0 1 0 0 1.5.75.75 0 0 0 0-1.5Z"></path></svg></div><div class="Box-sc-g0xbh4-0 dbrgmi ref-selector-button-text-container"><span class="Box-sc-g0xbh4-0 bmcJak prc-Text-Text-0ima0"> main</span></div></div></span><span data-component="trailingVisual" class="prc-Button-Visual-2epfX prc-Button-VisualWrap-Db-eB"><svg aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" class="octicon octicon-triangle-down" viewBox="0 0 16 16" width="16" height="16" fill="currentColor" display="inline-block" overflow="visible" style="vertical-align:text-bottom"><path d="m4.427 7.427 3.396 3.396a.25.25 0 0 0 .354 0l3.396-3.396A.25.25 0 0 0 11.396 7H4.604a.25.25 0 0 0-.177.427Z"></path></svg></span></span></button><button hidden="" data-hotkey-scope="read-only-cursor-text-area"></button></div><div class="Box-sc-g0xbh4-0 dHJiml react-code-view-header-mb--narrow"><div class="Box-sc-g0xbh4-0 cEytCf"><nav data-testid="breadcrumbs" aria-labelledby="repos-header-breadcrumb-heading" id="repos-header-breadcrumb" class="Box-sc-g0xbh4-0 fzFXnm"><h2 class="sr-only ScreenReaderHeading-module__userSelectNone--vW4Cq prc-Heading-Heading-6CmGO" data-testid="screen-reader-heading" id="repos-header-breadcrumb-heading">Breadcrumbs</h2><ol class="Box-sc-g0xbh4-0 iMnkmv"><li class="Box-sc-g0xbh4-0 ghzDag"><a class="Box-sc-g0xbh4-0 kHuKdh prc-Link-Link-85e08" sx="[object Object]" data-testid="breadcrumbs-repo-link" href="/python/peps/tree/main">peps</a></li><li class="Box-sc-g0xbh4-0 ghzDag"><span class="Box-sc-g0xbh4-0 hzJBof prc-Text-Text-0ima0" aria-hidden="true">/</span><a class="Box-sc-g0xbh4-0 kgiVEz prc-Link-Link-85e08" sx="[object Object]" href="/python/peps/tree/main/peps">peps</a></li></ol></nav><div data-testid="breadcrumbs-filename" class="Box-sc-g0xbh4-0 ghzDag"><span class="Box-sc-g0xbh4-0 hzJBof prc-Text-Text-0ima0" aria-hidden="true">/</span><h1 class="Box-sc-g0xbh4-0 jGhzSQ prc-Heading-Heading-6CmGO" tabindex="-1" id="file-name-id">pep-3127.rst</h1></div><button data-component="IconButton" type="button" class="prc-Button-ButtonBase-c50BI ml-2 prc-Button-IconButton-szpyj" data-loading="false" data-no-visuals="true" data-size="small" data-variant="invisible" aria-describedby=":Rftd9lab:-loading-announcement" aria-labelledby=":R1td9lab:"><svg aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" class="octicon octicon-copy" viewBox="0 0 16 16" width="16" height="16" fill="currentColor" display="inline-block" overflow="visible" style="vertical-align:text-bottom"><path d="M0 6.75C0 5.784.784 5 1.75 5h1.5a.75.75 0 0 1 0 1.5h-1.5a.25.25 0 0 0-.25.25v7.5c0 .138.112.25.25.25h7.5a.25.25 0 0 0 .25-.25v-1.5a.75.75 0 0 1 1.5 0v1.5A1.75 1.75 0 0 1 9.25 16h-7.5A1.75 1.75 0 0 1 0 14.25Z"></path><path d="M5 1.75C5 .784 5.784 0 6.75 0h7.5C15.216 0 16 .784 16 1.75v7.5A1.75 1.75 0 0 1 14.25 11h-7.5A1.75 1.75 0 0 1 5 9.25Zm1.75-.25a.25.25 0 0 0-.25.25v7.5c0 .138.112.25.25.25h7.5a.25.25 0 0 0 .25-.25v-7.5a.25.25 0 0 0-.25-.25Z"></path></svg></button><span class="CopyToClipboardButton-module__tooltip--Dq1IB prc-TooltipV2-Tooltip-cYMVY" data-direction="nw" aria-label="Copy path" aria-hidden="true" id=":R1td9lab:">Copy path</span></div></div></div><div class="react-code-view-header-element--wide"><div class="Box-sc-g0xbh4-0 faNtbn"><div class="d-flex gap-2"> <div><div class="Box-sc-g0xbh4-0 fmQaBv"><span class="Box-sc-g0xbh4-0 vcvyP TextInput-wrapper prc-components-TextInputWrapper-i1ofR prc-components-TextInputBaseWrapper-ueK9q" data-leading-visual="true" data-trailing-visual="true" aria-busy="false"><span class="TextInput-icon" id=":Rb66d9lab:" aria-hidden="true"><svg aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" class="octicon octicon-search" viewBox="0 0 16 16" width="16" height="16" fill="currentColor" display="inline-block" overflow="visible" style="vertical-align:text-bottom"><path d="M10.68 11.74a6 6 0 0 1-7.922-8.982 6 6 0 0 1 8.982 7.922l3.04 3.04a.749.749 0 0 1-.326 1.275.749.749 0 0 1-.734-.215ZM11.5 7a4.499 4.499 0 1 0-8.997 0A4.499 4.499 0 0 0 11.5 7Z"></path></svg></span><input type="text" aria-label="Go to file" role="combobox" aria-controls="file-results-list" aria-expanded="false" aria-haspopup="dialog" autoCorrect="off" spellcheck="false" placeholder="Go to file" aria-describedby=":Rb66d9lab: :Rb66d9labH1:" data-component="input" class="prc-components-Input-Ic-y8" value=""/><span class="TextInput-icon" id=":Rb66d9labH1:" aria-hidden="true"></span></span></div><button hidden="" data-testid="" data-hotkey-scope="read-only-cursor-text-area"></button><button hidden=""></button></div><button type="button" class="Box-sc-g0xbh4-0 dwNhzn prc-Button-ButtonBase-c50BI" data-loading="false" data-no-visuals="true" data-size="medium" data-variant="default" aria-describedby=":R5a6d9lab:-loading-announcement"><span data-component="buttonContent" class="Box-sc-g0xbh4-0 gUkoLg prc-Button-ButtonContent-HKbr-"><span data-component="text" class="prc-Button-Label-pTQ3x">Blame</span></span></button><button hidden="" data-testid="" data-hotkey-scope="read-only-cursor-text-area"></button><button data-component="IconButton" type="button" aria-label="More file actions" title="More file actions" data-testid="more-file-actions-button-nav-menu-wide" aria-haspopup="true" aria-expanded="false" tabindex="0" class="Box-sc-g0xbh4-0 fGwBZA prc-Button-ButtonBase-c50BI js-blob-dropdown-click prc-Button-IconButton-szpyj" data-loading="false" data-no-visuals="true" data-size="medium" data-variant="default" aria-describedby=":R2a6d9lab:-loading-announcement" id=":R2a6d9lab:"><svg aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" class="octicon octicon-kebab-horizontal" viewBox="0 0 16 16" width="16" height="16" fill="currentColor" display="inline-block" overflow="visible" style="vertical-align:text-bottom"><path d="M8 9a1.5 1.5 0 1 0 0-3 1.5 1.5 0 0 0 0 3ZM1.5 9a1.5 1.5 0 1 0 0-3 1.5 1.5 0 0 0 0 3Zm13 0a1.5 1.5 0 1 0 0-3 1.5 1.5 0 0 0 0 3Z"></path></svg></button> </div></div></div><div class="react-code-view-header-element--narrow"><div class="Box-sc-g0xbh4-0 faNtbn"><div class="d-flex gap-2"> <button type="button" class="Box-sc-g0xbh4-0 dwNhzn prc-Button-ButtonBase-c50BI" data-loading="false" data-no-visuals="true" data-size="medium" data-variant="default" aria-describedby=":R5a7d9lab:-loading-announcement"><span data-component="buttonContent" class="Box-sc-g0xbh4-0 gUkoLg prc-Button-ButtonContent-HKbr-"><span data-component="text" class="prc-Button-Label-pTQ3x">Blame</span></span></button><button hidden="" data-testid="" data-hotkey-scope="read-only-cursor-text-area"></button><button data-component="IconButton" type="button" aria-label="More file actions" title="More file actions" data-testid="more-file-actions-button-nav-menu-narrow" aria-haspopup="true" aria-expanded="false" tabindex="0" class="Box-sc-g0xbh4-0 fGwBZA prc-Button-ButtonBase-c50BI js-blob-dropdown-click prc-Button-IconButton-szpyj" data-loading="false" data-no-visuals="true" data-size="medium" data-variant="default" aria-describedby=":R2a7d9lab:-loading-announcement" id=":R2a7d9lab:"><svg aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" class="octicon octicon-kebab-horizontal" viewBox="0 0 16 16" width="16" height="16" fill="currentColor" display="inline-block" overflow="visible" style="vertical-align:text-bottom"><path d="M8 9a1.5 1.5 0 1 0 0-3 1.5 1.5 0 0 0 0 3ZM1.5 9a1.5 1.5 0 1 0 0-3 1.5 1.5 0 0 0 0 3Zm13 0a1.5 1.5 0 1 0 0-3 1.5 1.5 0 0 0 0 3Z"></path></svg></button> </div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div><div class="Box-sc-g0xbh4-0 dJxjrT react-code-view-bottom-padding"> <div class="Box-sc-g0xbh4-0 eFxKDQ"></div>   </div><div class="Box-sc-g0xbh4-0 dJxjrT">   <div class="d-flex flex-column border rounded-2 mb-3 pl-1"><div class="Box-sc-g0xbh4-0 dzCJzi"><h2 class="sr-only ScreenReaderHeading-module__userSelectNone--vW4Cq prc-Heading-Heading-6CmGO" data-testid="screen-reader-heading">Latest commit</h2><div style="width:120px" class="Skeleton Skeleton--text" data-testid="loading"> </div><div class="d-flex flex-shrink-0 gap-2"><div data-testid="latest-commit-details" class="d-none d-sm-flex flex-items-center"></div><div class="d-flex gap-2"><h2 class="sr-only ScreenReaderHeading-module__userSelectNone--vW4Cq prc-Heading-Heading-6CmGO" data-testid="screen-reader-heading">History</h2><a href="/python/peps/commits/main/peps/pep-3127.rst" class="prc-Button-ButtonBase-c50BI d-none d-lg-flex LinkButton-module__code-view-link-button--xvCGA flex-items-center fgColor-default" data-loading="false" data-size="small" data-variant="invisible" aria-describedby=":R5dlal9lab:-loading-announcement"><span data-component="buttonContent" data-align="center" class="prc-Button-ButtonContent-HKbr-"><span data-component="leadingVisual" class="prc-Button-Visual-2epfX prc-Button-VisualWrap-Db-eB"><svg aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" class="octicon octicon-history" viewBox="0 0 16 16" width="16" height="16" fill="currentColor" display="inline-block" overflow="visible" style="vertical-align:text-bottom"><path d="m.427 1.927 1.215 1.215a8.002 8.002 0 1 1-1.6 5.685.75.75 0 1 1 1.493-.154 6.5 6.5 0 1 0 1.18-4.458l1.358 1.358A.25.25 0 0 1 3.896 6H.25A.25.25 0 0 1 0 5.75V2.104a.25.25 0 0 1 .427-.177ZM7.75 4a.75.75 0 0 1 .75.75v2.992l2.028.812a.75.75 0 0 1-.557 1.392l-2.5-1A.751.751 0 0 1 7 8.25v-3.5A.75.75 0 0 1 7.75 4Z"></path></svg></span><span data-component="text" class="prc-Button-Label-pTQ3x"><span class="fgColor-default">History</span></span></span></a><div class="d-sm-none"></div><div class="d-flex d-lg-none"><span role="tooltip" aria-label="History" id="history-icon-button-tooltip" class="Tooltip__TooltipBase-sc-17tf59c-0 hWlpPn tooltipped-n"><a href="/python/peps/commits/main/peps/pep-3127.rst" class="prc-Button-ButtonBase-c50BI LinkButton-module__code-view-link-button--xvCGA flex-items-center fgColor-default" data-loading="false" data-size="small" data-variant="invisible" aria-describedby=":Rpdlal9lab:-loading-announcement history-icon-button-tooltip"><span data-component="buttonContent" data-align="center" class="prc-Button-ButtonContent-HKbr-"><span data-component="leadingVisual" class="prc-Button-Visual-2epfX prc-Button-VisualWrap-Db-eB"><svg aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" class="octicon octicon-history" viewBox="0 0 16 16" width="16" height="16" fill="currentColor" display="inline-block" overflow="visible" style="vertical-align:text-bottom"><path d="m.427 1.927 1.215 1.215a8.002 8.002 0 1 1-1.6 5.685.75.75 0 1 1 1.493-.154 6.5 6.5 0 1 0 1.18-4.458l1.358 1.358A.25.25 0 0 1 3.896 6H.25A.25.25 0 0 1 0 5.75V2.104a.25.25 0 0 1 .427-.177ZM7.75 4a.75.75 0 0 1 .75.75v2.992l2.028.812a.75.75 0 0 1-.557 1.392l-2.5-1A.751.751 0 0 1 7 8.25v-3.5A.75.75 0 0 1 7.75 4Z"></path></svg></span></span></a></span></div></div></div></div></div><div class="Box-sc-g0xbh4-0 ldRxiI"><div class="Box-sc-g0xbh4-0 fVkfyA container"><div class="Box-sc-g0xbh4-0 gNAmSV react-code-size-details-banner"><div class="Box-sc-g0xbh4-0 jNEwzY react-code-size-details-banner"><div class="Box-sc-g0xbh4-0 bsDwxw text-mono"><div title="19.3 KB" data-testid="blob-size" class="Truncate__StyledTruncate-sc-23o1d2-0 eAtkQz"><span>505 lines (382 loc) · 19.3 KB</span></div></div></div></div><div class="Box-sc-g0xbh4-0 jdLMhu react-blob-view-header-sticky" id="repos-sticky-header"><div class="Box-sc-g0xbh4-0 tOISc"><div class="react-blob-sticky-header"><div class="Box-sc-g0xbh4-0 hqwSEx"><div class="Box-sc-g0xbh4-0 bDVoEr"><div class="Box-sc-g0xbh4-0 kYLlPM"><div class="Box-sc-g0xbh4-0 gYjEmn"><button type="button" aria-haspopup="true" aria-expanded="false" tabindex="0" aria-label="main branch" data-testid="anchor-button" class="Box-sc-g0xbh4-0 dmxRgG prc-Button-ButtonBase-c50BI ref-selector-class" data-loading="false" data-size="medium" data-variant="default" aria-describedby="branch-picker-repos-header-ref-selector-loading-announcement" id="branch-picker-repos-header-ref-selector"><span data-component="buttonContent" class="Box-sc-g0xbh4-0 gUkoLg prc-Button-ButtonContent-HKbr-"><span data-component="text" class="prc-Button-Label-pTQ3x"><div class="Box-sc-g0xbh4-0 bZBlpz"><div class="Box-sc-g0xbh4-0 lhTYNA"><svg aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" class="octicon octicon-git-branch" viewBox="0 0 16 16" width="16" height="16" fill="currentColor" display="inline-block" overflow="visible" style="vertical-align:text-bottom"><path d="M9.5 3.25a2.25 2.25 0 1 1 3 2.122V6A2.5 2.5 0 0 1 10 8.5H6a1 1 0 0 0-1 1v1.128a2.251 2.251 0 1 1-1.5 0V5.372a2.25 2.25 0 1 1 1.5 0v1.836A2.493 2.493 0 0 1 6 7h4a1 1 0 0 0 1-1v-.628A2.25 2.25 0 0 1 9.5 3.25Zm-6 0a.75.75 0 1 0 1.5 0 .75.75 0 0 0-1.5 0Zm8.25-.75a.75.75 0 1 0 0 1.5.75.75 0 0 0 0-1.5ZM4.25 12a.75.75 0 1 0 0 1.5.75.75 0 0 0 0-1.5Z"></path></svg></div><div class="Box-sc-g0xbh4-0 dbrgmi ref-selector-button-text-container"><span class="Box-sc-g0xbh4-0 bmcJak prc-Text-Text-0ima0"> main</span></div></div></span><span data-component="trailingVisual" class="prc-Button-Visual-2epfX prc-Button-VisualWrap-Db-eB"><svg aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" class="octicon octicon-triangle-down" viewBox="0 0 16 16" width="16" height="16" fill="currentColor" display="inline-block" overflow="visible" style="vertical-align:text-bottom"><path d="m4.427 7.427 3.396 3.396a.25.25 0 0 0 .354 0l3.396-3.396A.25.25 0 0 0 11.396 7H4.604a.25.25 0 0 0-.177.427Z"></path></svg></span></span></button><button hidden="" data-hotkey-scope="read-only-cursor-text-area"></button></div><div class="Box-sc-g0xbh4-0 kGqOLL"><div class="Box-sc-g0xbh4-0 fHind"><nav data-testid="breadcrumbs" aria-labelledby="sticky-breadcrumb-heading" id="sticky-breadcrumb" class="Box-sc-g0xbh4-0 fzFXnm"><h2 class="sr-only ScreenReaderHeading-module__userSelectNone--vW4Cq prc-Heading-Heading-6CmGO" data-testid="screen-reader-heading" id="sticky-breadcrumb-heading">Breadcrumbs</h2><ol class="Box-sc-g0xbh4-0 iMnkmv"><li class="Box-sc-g0xbh4-0 ghzDag"><a class="Box-sc-g0xbh4-0 kHuKdh prc-Link-Link-85e08" sx="[object Object]" data-testid="breadcrumbs-repo-link" href="/python/peps/tree/main">peps</a></li><li class="Box-sc-g0xbh4-0 ghzDag"><span class="Box-sc-g0xbh4-0 oDtgN prc-Text-Text-0ima0" aria-hidden="true">/</span><a class="Box-sc-g0xbh4-0 kgiVEz prc-Link-Link-85e08" sx="[object Object]" href="/python/peps/tree/main/peps">peps</a></li></ol></nav><div data-testid="breadcrumbs-filename" class="Box-sc-g0xbh4-0 ghzDag"><span class="Box-sc-g0xbh4-0 oDtgN prc-Text-Text-0ima0" aria-hidden="true">/</span><h1 class="Box-sc-g0xbh4-0 dnZoUW prc-Heading-Heading-6CmGO" tabindex="-1" id="sticky-file-name-id">pep-3127.rst</h1></div></div></div></div><button style="--button-color:fg.default" type="button" class="Box-sc-g0xbh4-0 jRZWlf prc-Button-ButtonBase-c50BI" data-loading="false" data-size="small" data-variant="invisible" aria-describedby=":Riptal9lab:-loading-announcement"><span data-component="buttonContent" class="Box-sc-g0xbh4-0 gUkoLg prc-Button-ButtonContent-HKbr-"><span data-component="leadingVisual" class="prc-Button-Visual-2epfX prc-Button-VisualWrap-Db-eB"><svg aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" class="octicon octicon-arrow-up" viewBox="0 0 16 16" width="16" height="16" fill="currentColor" display="inline-block" overflow="visible" style="vertical-align:text-bottom"><path d="M3.47 7.78a.75.75 0 0 1 0-1.06l4.25-4.25a.75.75 0 0 1 1.06 0l4.25 4.25a.751.751 0 0 1-.018 1.042.751.751 0 0 1-1.042.018L9 4.81v7.44a.75.75 0 0 1-1.5 0V4.81L4.53 7.78a.75.75 0 0 1-1.06 0Z"></path></svg></span><span data-component="text" class="prc-Button-Label-pTQ3x">Top</span></span></button></div></div></div><div class="Box-sc-g0xbh4-0 kTvpNk"><h2 class="sr-only ScreenReaderHeading-module__userSelectNone--vW4Cq prc-Heading-Heading-6CmGO" data-testid="screen-reader-heading">File metadata and controls</h2><div class="Box-sc-g0xbh4-0 iNMjfP"><ul aria-label="File view" class="Box-sc-g0xbh4-0 gtTaSn prc-SegmentedControl-SegmentedControl-e7570" data-size="small"><li class="Box-sc-g0xbh4-0 dXYHoy prc-SegmentedControl-Item-7Aq6h" data-selected="true"><button aria-current="true" class="prc-SegmentedControl-Button-ojWXD" type="button"><span class="prc-SegmentedControl-Content-gnQ4n"><div class="Box-sc-g0xbh4-0 prc-SegmentedControl-Text-c5gSh" data-text="Preview">Preview</div></span></button></li><li class="Box-sc-g0xbh4-0 jBWIdY prc-SegmentedControl-Item-7Aq6h"><button aria-current="false" class="prc-SegmentedControl-Button-ojWXD" type="button"><span class="prc-SegmentedControl-Content-gnQ4n"><div class="Box-sc-g0xbh4-0 prc-SegmentedControl-Text-c5gSh" data-text="Code">Code</div></span></button></li><li class="Box-sc-g0xbh4-0 jBWIdY prc-SegmentedControl-Item-7Aq6h"><button aria-current="false" class="prc-SegmentedControl-Button-ojWXD" type="button"><span class="prc-SegmentedControl-Content-gnQ4n"><div class="Box-sc-g0xbh4-0 prc-SegmentedControl-Text-c5gSh" data-text="Blame">Blame</div></span></button></li></ul><button hidden="" data-testid="" data-hotkey-scope="read-only-cursor-text-area"></button><button hidden="" data-testid="" data-hotkey-scope="read-only-cursor-text-area"></button><button hidden="" data-testid="" data-hotkey-scope="read-only-cursor-text-area"></button><div class="Box-sc-g0xbh4-0 jNEwzY react-code-size-details-in-header"><div class="Box-sc-g0xbh4-0 bsDwxw text-mono"><div title="19.3 KB" data-testid="blob-size" class="Truncate__StyledTruncate-sc-23o1d2-0 eAtkQz"><span>505 lines (382 loc) · 19.3 KB</span></div></div></div></div><div class="Box-sc-g0xbh4-0 kcLCKF"><div class="Box-sc-g0xbh4-0 kVWtTz react-blob-header-edit-and-raw-actions"><div class="Box-sc-g0xbh4-0 prc-ButtonGroup-ButtonGroup-vcMeG"><div><a href="https://github.com/python/peps/raw/refs/heads/main/peps/pep-3127.rst" data-testid="raw-button" class="Box-sc-g0xbh4-0 gWqxTd prc-Button-ButtonBase-c50BI" data-loading="false" data-no-visuals="true" data-size="small" data-variant="default" aria-describedby=":R5csptal9lab:-loading-announcement"><span data-component="buttonContent" class="Box-sc-g0xbh4-0 gUkoLg prc-Button-ButtonContent-HKbr-"><span data-component="text" class="prc-Button-Label-pTQ3x">Raw</span></span></a></div><div><button data-component="IconButton" type="button" aria-label="Copy raw content" data-testid="copy-raw-button" class="prc-Button-ButtonBase-c50BI prc-Button-IconButton-szpyj" data-loading="false" data-no-visuals="true" data-size="small" data-variant="default" aria-describedby=":Rpcsptal9lab:-loading-announcement"><svg aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" class="octicon octicon-copy" viewBox="0 0 16 16" width="16" height="16" fill="currentColor" display="inline-block" overflow="visible" style="vertical-align:text-bottom"><path d="M0 6.75C0 5.784.784 5 1.75 5h1.5a.75.75 0 0 1 0 1.5h-1.5a.25.25 0 0 0-.25.25v7.5c0 .138.112.25.25.25h7.5a.25.25 0 0 0 .25-.25v-1.5a.75.75 0 0 1 1.5 0v1.5A1.75 1.75 0 0 1 9.25 16h-7.5A1.75 1.75 0 0 1 0 14.25Z"></path><path d="M5 1.75C5 .784 5.784 0 6.75 0h7.5C15.216 0 16 .784 16 1.75v7.5A1.75 1.75 0 0 1 14.25 11h-7.5A1.75 1.75 0 0 1 5 9.25Zm1.75-.25a.25.25 0 0 0-.25.25v7.5c0 .138.112.25.25.25h7.5a.25.25 0 0 0 .25-.25v-7.5a.25.25 0 0 0-.25-.25Z"></path></svg></button></div><div><span role="tooltip" aria-label="Download raw file" id=":Rdcsptal9lab:" class="Tooltip__TooltipBase-sc-17tf59c-0 hWlpPn tooltipped-n"><button data-component="IconButton" type="button" aria-label="Download raw content" data-testid="download-raw-button" class="Box-sc-g0xbh4-0 ivobqY prc-Button-ButtonBase-c50BI prc-Button-IconButton-szpyj" data-loading="false" data-no-visuals="true" data-size="small" data-variant="default" aria-describedby=":Rtcsptal9lab:-loading-announcement"><svg aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" class="octicon octicon-download" viewBox="0 0 16 16" width="16" height="16" fill="currentColor" display="inline-block" overflow="visible" style="vertical-align:text-bottom"><path d="M2.75 14A1.75 1.75 0 0 1 1 12.25v-2.5a.75.75 0 0 1 1.5 0v2.5c0 .138.112.25.25.25h10.5a.25.25 0 0 0 .25-.25v-2.5a.75.75 0 0 1 1.5 0v2.5A1.75 1.75 0 0 1 13.25 14Z"></path><path d="M7.25 7.689V2a.75.75 0 0 1 1.5 0v5.689l1.97-1.969a.749.749 0 1 1 1.06 1.06l-3.25 3.25a.749.749 0 0 1-1.06 0L4.22 6.78a.749.749 0 1 1 1.06-1.06l1.97 1.969Z"></path></svg></button></span></div></div><button hidden="" data-testid="raw-button-shortcut" data-hotkey-scope="read-only-cursor-text-area"></button><button hidden="" data-testid="copy-raw-button-shortcut" data-hotkey-scope="read-only-cursor-text-area"></button><button hidden="" data-testid="download-raw-button-shortcut" data-hotkey-scope="read-only-cursor-text-area"></button></div><button data-component="IconButton" type="button" aria-label="Outline" aria-pressed="false" class="Box-sc-g0xbh4-0 iNRSob prc-Button-ButtonBase-c50BI prc-Button-IconButton-szpyj" data-loading="false" data-no-visuals="true" data-size="small" data-variant="invisible" aria-describedby=":R6sptal9lab:-loading-announcement"><svg aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" class="octicon octicon-list-unordered" viewBox="0 0 16 16" width="16" height="16" fill="currentColor" display="inline-block" overflow="visible" style="vertical-align:text-bottom"><path d="M5.75 2.5h8.5a.75.75 0 0 1 0 1.5h-8.5a.75.75 0 0 1 0-1.5Zm0 5h8.5a.75.75 0 0 1 0 1.5h-8.5a.75.75 0 0 1 0-1.5Zm0 5h8.5a.75.75 0 0 1 0 1.5h-8.5a.75.75 0 0 1 0-1.5ZM2 14a1 1 0 1 1 0-2 1 1 0 0 1 0 2Zm1-6a1 1 0 1 1-2 0 1 1 0 0 1 2 0ZM2 4a1 1 0 1 1 0-2 1 1 0 0 1 0 2Z"></path></svg></button><div class="react-blob-header-edit-and-raw-actions-combined"><button data-component="IconButton" type="button" aria-label="Edit and raw actions" title="More file actions" data-testid="more-file-actions-button" aria-haspopup="true" aria-expanded="false" tabindex="0" class="Box-sc-g0xbh4-0 ffkqe prc-Button-ButtonBase-c50BI js-blob-dropdown-click prc-Button-IconButton-szpyj" data-loading="false" data-no-visuals="true" data-size="small" data-variant="invisible" aria-describedby=":Rnsptal9lab:-loading-announcement" id=":Rnsptal9lab:"><svg aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" class="octicon octicon-kebab-horizontal" viewBox="0 0 16 16" width="16" height="16" fill="currentColor" display="inline-block" overflow="visible" style="vertical-align:text-bottom"><path d="M8 9a1.5 1.5 0 1 0 0-3 1.5 1.5 0 0 0 0 3ZM1.5 9a1.5 1.5 0 1 0 0-3 1.5 1.5 0 0 0 0 3Zm13 0a1.5 1.5 0 1 0 0-3 1.5 1.5 0 0 0 0 3Z"></path></svg></button></div></div></div></div><div></div></div><div class="Box-sc-g0xbh4-0 hGyMdv"><section aria-labelledby="file-name-id-wide file-name-id-mobile" class="Box-sc-g0xbh4-0 fGqKFv"><div class="Box-sc-g0xbh4-0 eoaCFS js-snippet-clipboard-copy-unpositioned undefined" data-hpc="true"><article class="markdown-body entry-content container-lg" itemprop="text"><p dir="auto">PEP: 3127 Title: Integer Literal Support and Syntax Author: Patrick Maupin <<a href="mailto:pmaupin@gmail.com">pmaupin@gmail.com</a>> Discussions-To: <a href="mailto:python-3000@python.org">python-3000@python.org</a> Status: Final Type: Standards Track Created: 14-Mar-2007 Python-Version: 3.0 Post-History: 18-Mar-2007</p> <a name="user-content-abstract"></a> <div class="markdown-heading" dir="auto"><h2 tabindex="-1" class="heading-element" dir="auto">Abstract</h2><a id="user-content-abstract" class="anchor" aria-label="Permalink: Abstract" href="#abstract"><svg class="octicon octicon-link" viewBox="0 0 16 16" version="1.1" width="16" height="16" aria-hidden="true"><path d="m7.775 3.275 1.25-1.25a3.5 3.5 0 1 1 4.95 4.95l-2.5 2.5a3.5 3.5 0 0 1-4.95 0 .751.751 0 0 1 .018-1.042.751.751 0 0 1 1.042-.018 1.998 1.998 0 0 0 2.83 0l2.5-2.5a2.002 2.002 0 0 0-2.83-2.83l-1.25 1.25a.751.751 0 0 1-1.042-.018.751.751 0 0 1-.018-1.042Zm-4.69 9.64a1.998 1.998 0 0 0 2.83 0l1.25-1.25a.751.751 0 0 1 1.042.018.751.751 0 0 1 .018 1.042l-1.25 1.25a3.5 3.5 0 1 1-4.95-4.95l2.5-2.5a3.5 3.5 0 0 1 4.95 0 .751.751 0 0 1-.018 1.042.751.751 0 0 1-1.042.018 1.998 1.998 0 0 0-2.83 0l-2.5 2.5a1.998 1.998 0 0 0 0 2.83Z"></path></svg></a></div> <p dir="auto">This PEP proposes changes to the Python core to rationalize the treatment of string literal representations of integers in different radices (bases). These changes are targeted at Python 3.0, but the backward-compatible parts of the changes should be added to Python 2.6, so that all valid 3.0 integer literals will also be valid in 2.6.</p> <p dir="auto">The proposal is that:</p> <ol dir="auto"> <li>octal literals must now be specified with a leading "0o" or "0O" instead of "0";</li> <li>binary literals are now supported via a leading "0b" or "0B"; and</li> <li>provision will be made for binary numbers in string formatting.</li> </ol> <a name="user-content-motivation"></a> <div class="markdown-heading" dir="auto"><h2 tabindex="-1" class="heading-element" dir="auto">Motivation</h2><a id="user-content-motivation" class="anchor" aria-label="Permalink: Motivation" href="#motivation"><svg class="octicon octicon-link" viewBox="0 0 16 16" version="1.1" width="16" height="16" aria-hidden="true"><path d="m7.775 3.275 1.25-1.25a3.5 3.5 0 1 1 4.95 4.95l-2.5 2.5a3.5 3.5 0 0 1-4.95 0 .751.751 0 0 1 .018-1.042.751.751 0 0 1 1.042-.018 1.998 1.998 0 0 0 2.83 0l2.5-2.5a2.002 2.002 0 0 0-2.83-2.83l-1.25 1.25a.751.751 0 0 1-1.042-.018.751.751 0 0 1-.018-1.042Zm-4.69 9.64a1.998 1.998 0 0 0 2.83 0l1.25-1.25a.751.751 0 0 1 1.042.018.751.751 0 0 1 .018 1.042l-1.25 1.25a3.5 3.5 0 1 1-4.95-4.95l2.5-2.5a3.5 3.5 0 0 1 4.95 0 .751.751 0 0 1-.018 1.042.751.751 0 0 1-1.042.018 1.998 1.998 0 0 0-2.83 0l-2.5 2.5a1.998 1.998 0 0 0 0 2.83Z"></path></svg></a></div> <p dir="auto">This PEP was motivated by two different issues:</p> <ul dir="auto"> <li>The default octal representation of integers is silently confusing to people unfamiliar with C-like languages. It is extremely easy to inadvertently create an integer object with the wrong value, because '013' means 'decimal 11', not 'decimal 13', to the Python language itself, which is not the meaning that most humans would assign to this literal.</li> <li>Some Python users have a strong desire for binary support in the language.</li> </ul> <a name="user-content-specification"></a> <div class="markdown-heading" dir="auto"><h2 tabindex="-1" class="heading-element" dir="auto">Specification</h2><a id="user-content-specification" class="anchor" aria-label="Permalink: Specification" href="#specification"><svg class="octicon octicon-link" viewBox="0 0 16 16" version="1.1" width="16" height="16" aria-hidden="true"><path d="m7.775 3.275 1.25-1.25a3.5 3.5 0 1 1 4.95 4.95l-2.5 2.5a3.5 3.5 0 0 1-4.95 0 .751.751 0 0 1 .018-1.042.751.751 0 0 1 1.042-.018 1.998 1.998 0 0 0 2.83 0l2.5-2.5a2.002 2.002 0 0 0-2.83-2.83l-1.25 1.25a.751.751 0 0 1-1.042-.018.751.751 0 0 1-.018-1.042Zm-4.69 9.64a1.998 1.998 0 0 0 2.83 0l1.25-1.25a.751.751 0 0 1 1.042.018.751.751 0 0 1 .018 1.042l-1.25 1.25a3.5 3.5 0 1 1-4.95-4.95l2.5-2.5a3.5 3.5 0 0 1 4.95 0 .751.751 0 0 1-.018 1.042.751.751 0 0 1-1.042.018 1.998 1.998 0 0 0-2.83 0l-2.5 2.5a1.998 1.998 0 0 0 0 2.83Z"></path></svg></a></div> <a name="user-content-grammar-specification"></a> <div class="markdown-heading" dir="auto"><h3 tabindex="-1" class="heading-element" dir="auto">Grammar specification</h3><a id="user-content-grammar-specification" class="anchor" aria-label="Permalink: Grammar specification" href="#grammar-specification"><svg class="octicon octicon-link" viewBox="0 0 16 16" version="1.1" width="16" height="16" aria-hidden="true"><path d="m7.775 3.275 1.25-1.25a3.5 3.5 0 1 1 4.95 4.95l-2.5 2.5a3.5 3.5 0 0 1-4.95 0 .751.751 0 0 1 .018-1.042.751.751 0 0 1 1.042-.018 1.998 1.998 0 0 0 2.83 0l2.5-2.5a2.002 2.002 0 0 0-2.83-2.83l-1.25 1.25a.751.751 0 0 1-1.042-.018.751.751 0 0 1-.018-1.042Zm-4.69 9.64a1.998 1.998 0 0 0 2.83 0l1.25-1.25a.751.751 0 0 1 1.042.018.751.751 0 0 1 .018 1.042l-1.25 1.25a3.5 3.5 0 1 1-4.95-4.95l2.5-2.5a3.5 3.5 0 0 1 4.95 0 .751.751 0 0 1-.018 1.042.751.751 0 0 1-1.042.018 1.998 1.998 0 0 0-2.83 0l-2.5 2.5a1.998 1.998 0 0 0 0 2.83Z"></path></svg></a></div> <p dir="auto">The grammar will be changed. For Python 2.6, the changed and new token definitions will be:</p> <pre>integer ::= decimalinteger | octinteger | hexinteger | bininteger | oldoctinteger octinteger ::= "0" ("o" | "O") octdigit+ bininteger ::= "0" ("b" | "B") bindigit+ oldoctinteger ::= "0" octdigit+ bindigit ::= "0" | "1" </pre> <p dir="auto">For Python 3.0, "oldoctinteger" will not be supported, and an exception will be raised if a literal has a leading "0" and a second character which is a digit.</p> <p dir="auto">For both versions, this will require changes to PyLong_FromString as well as the grammar.</p> <p dir="auto">The documentation will have to be changed as well: grammar.txt, as well as the integer literal section of the reference manual.</p> <p dir="auto"><a href="http://www.python.org/dev/peps/pep-0306" rel="nofollow">PEP 306</a> should be checked for other issues, and that PEP should be updated if the procedure described therein is insufficient.</p> <a name="user-content-int-specification"></a> <div class="markdown-heading" dir="auto"><h3 tabindex="-1" class="heading-element" dir="auto">int() specification</h3><a id="user-content-int-specification" class="anchor" aria-label="Permalink: int() specification" href="#int-specification"><svg class="octicon octicon-link" viewBox="0 0 16 16" version="1.1" width="16" height="16" aria-hidden="true"><path d="m7.775 3.275 1.25-1.25a3.5 3.5 0 1 1 4.95 4.95l-2.5 2.5a3.5 3.5 0 0 1-4.95 0 .751.751 0 0 1 .018-1.042.751.751 0 0 1 1.042-.018 1.998 1.998 0 0 0 2.83 0l2.5-2.5a2.002 2.002 0 0 0-2.83-2.83l-1.25 1.25a.751.751 0 0 1-1.042-.018.751.751 0 0 1-.018-1.042Zm-4.69 9.64a1.998 1.998 0 0 0 2.83 0l1.25-1.25a.751.751 0 0 1 1.042.018.751.751 0 0 1 .018 1.042l-1.25 1.25a3.5 3.5 0 1 1-4.95-4.95l2.5-2.5a3.5 3.5 0 0 1 4.95 0 .751.751 0 0 1-.018 1.042.751.751 0 0 1-1.042.018 1.998 1.998 0 0 0-2.83 0l-2.5 2.5a1.998 1.998 0 0 0 0 2.83Z"></path></svg></a></div> <p dir="auto">int(s, 0) will also match the new grammar definition.</p> <p dir="auto">This should happen automatically with the changes to PyLong_FromString required for the grammar change.</p> <p dir="auto">Also the documentation for int() should be changed to explain that int(s) operates identically to int(s, 10), and the word "guess" should be removed from the description of int(s, 0).</p> <a name="user-content-long-specification"></a> <div class="markdown-heading" dir="auto"><h3 tabindex="-1" class="heading-element" dir="auto">long() specification</h3><a id="user-content-long-specification" class="anchor" aria-label="Permalink: long() specification" href="#long-specification"><svg class="octicon octicon-link" viewBox="0 0 16 16" version="1.1" width="16" height="16" aria-hidden="true"><path d="m7.775 3.275 1.25-1.25a3.5 3.5 0 1 1 4.95 4.95l-2.5 2.5a3.5 3.5 0 0 1-4.95 0 .751.751 0 0 1 .018-1.042.751.751 0 0 1 1.042-.018 1.998 1.998 0 0 0 2.83 0l2.5-2.5a2.002 2.002 0 0 0-2.83-2.83l-1.25 1.25a.751.751 0 0 1-1.042-.018.751.751 0 0 1-.018-1.042Zm-4.69 9.64a1.998 1.998 0 0 0 2.83 0l1.25-1.25a.751.751 0 0 1 1.042.018.751.751 0 0 1 .018 1.042l-1.25 1.25a3.5 3.5 0 1 1-4.95-4.95l2.5-2.5a3.5 3.5 0 0 1 4.95 0 .751.751 0 0 1-.018 1.042.751.751 0 0 1-1.042.018 1.998 1.998 0 0 0-2.83 0l-2.5 2.5a1.998 1.998 0 0 0 0 2.83Z"></path></svg></a></div> <p dir="auto">For Python 2.6, the long() implementation and documentation should be changed to reflect the new grammar.</p> <a name="user-content-tokenizer-exception-handling"></a> <div class="markdown-heading" dir="auto"><h3 tabindex="-1" class="heading-element" dir="auto">Tokenizer exception handling</h3><a id="user-content-tokenizer-exception-handling" class="anchor" aria-label="Permalink: Tokenizer exception handling" href="#tokenizer-exception-handling"><svg class="octicon octicon-link" viewBox="0 0 16 16" version="1.1" width="16" height="16" aria-hidden="true"><path d="m7.775 3.275 1.25-1.25a3.5 3.5 0 1 1 4.95 4.95l-2.5 2.5a3.5 3.5 0 0 1-4.95 0 .751.751 0 0 1 .018-1.042.751.751 0 0 1 1.042-.018 1.998 1.998 0 0 0 2.83 0l2.5-2.5a2.002 2.002 0 0 0-2.83-2.83l-1.25 1.25a.751.751 0 0 1-1.042-.018.751.751 0 0 1-.018-1.042Zm-4.69 9.64a1.998 1.998 0 0 0 2.83 0l1.25-1.25a.751.751 0 0 1 1.042.018.751.751 0 0 1 .018 1.042l-1.25 1.25a3.5 3.5 0 1 1-4.95-4.95l2.5-2.5a3.5 3.5 0 0 1 4.95 0 .751.751 0 0 1-.018 1.042.751.751 0 0 1-1.042.018 1.998 1.998 0 0 0-2.83 0l-2.5 2.5a1.998 1.998 0 0 0 0 2.83Z"></path></svg></a></div> <p dir="auto">If an invalid token contains a leading "0", the exception error message should be more informative than the current "SyntaxError: invalid token". It should explain that decimal numbers may not have a leading zero, and that octal numbers require an "o" after the leading zero.</p> <a name="user-content-int-exception-handling"></a> <div class="markdown-heading" dir="auto"><h3 tabindex="-1" class="heading-element" dir="auto">int() exception handling</h3><a id="user-content-int-exception-handling" class="anchor" aria-label="Permalink: int() exception handling" href="#int-exception-handling"><svg class="octicon octicon-link" viewBox="0 0 16 16" version="1.1" width="16" height="16" aria-hidden="true"><path d="m7.775 3.275 1.25-1.25a3.5 3.5 0 1 1 4.95 4.95l-2.5 2.5a3.5 3.5 0 0 1-4.95 0 .751.751 0 0 1 .018-1.042.751.751 0 0 1 1.042-.018 1.998 1.998 0 0 0 2.83 0l2.5-2.5a2.002 2.002 0 0 0-2.83-2.83l-1.25 1.25a.751.751 0 0 1-1.042-.018.751.751 0 0 1-.018-1.042Zm-4.69 9.64a1.998 1.998 0 0 0 2.83 0l1.25-1.25a.751.751 0 0 1 1.042.018.751.751 0 0 1 .018 1.042l-1.25 1.25a3.5 3.5 0 1 1-4.95-4.95l2.5-2.5a3.5 3.5 0 0 1 4.95 0 .751.751 0 0 1-.018 1.042.751.751 0 0 1-1.042.018 1.998 1.998 0 0 0-2.83 0l-2.5 2.5a1.998 1.998 0 0 0 0 2.83Z"></path></svg></a></div> <p dir="auto">The ValueError raised for any call to int() with a string should at least explicitly contain the base in the error message, e.g.:</p> <pre>ValueError: invalid literal for base 8 int(): 09 </pre> <a name="user-content-oct-function"></a> <div class="markdown-heading" dir="auto"><h3 tabindex="-1" class="heading-element" dir="auto">oct() function</h3><a id="user-content-oct-function" class="anchor" aria-label="Permalink: oct() function" href="#oct-function"><svg class="octicon octicon-link" viewBox="0 0 16 16" version="1.1" width="16" height="16" aria-hidden="true"><path d="m7.775 3.275 1.25-1.25a3.5 3.5 0 1 1 4.95 4.95l-2.5 2.5a3.5 3.5 0 0 1-4.95 0 .751.751 0 0 1 .018-1.042.751.751 0 0 1 1.042-.018 1.998 1.998 0 0 0 2.83 0l2.5-2.5a2.002 2.002 0 0 0-2.83-2.83l-1.25 1.25a.751.751 0 0 1-1.042-.018.751.751 0 0 1-.018-1.042Zm-4.69 9.64a1.998 1.998 0 0 0 2.83 0l1.25-1.25a.751.751 0 0 1 1.042.018.751.751 0 0 1 .018 1.042l-1.25 1.25a3.5 3.5 0 1 1-4.95-4.95l2.5-2.5a3.5 3.5 0 0 1 4.95 0 .751.751 0 0 1-.018 1.042.751.751 0 0 1-1.042.018 1.998 1.998 0 0 0-2.83 0l-2.5 2.5a1.998 1.998 0 0 0 0 2.83Z"></path></svg></a></div> <p dir="auto">oct() should be updated to output '0o' in front of the octal digits (for 3.0, and 2.6 compatibility mode).</p> <a name="user-content-output-formatting"></a> <div class="markdown-heading" dir="auto"><h3 tabindex="-1" class="heading-element" dir="auto">Output formatting</h3><a id="user-content-output-formatting" class="anchor" aria-label="Permalink: Output formatting" href="#output-formatting"><svg class="octicon octicon-link" viewBox="0 0 16 16" version="1.1" width="16" height="16" aria-hidden="true"><path d="m7.775 3.275 1.25-1.25a3.5 3.5 0 1 1 4.95 4.95l-2.5 2.5a3.5 3.5 0 0 1-4.95 0 .751.751 0 0 1 .018-1.042.751.751 0 0 1 1.042-.018 1.998 1.998 0 0 0 2.83 0l2.5-2.5a2.002 2.002 0 0 0-2.83-2.83l-1.25 1.25a.751.751 0 0 1-1.042-.018.751.751 0 0 1-.018-1.042Zm-4.69 9.64a1.998 1.998 0 0 0 2.83 0l1.25-1.25a.751.751 0 0 1 1.042.018.751.751 0 0 1 .018 1.042l-1.25 1.25a3.5 3.5 0 1 1-4.95-4.95l2.5-2.5a3.5 3.5 0 0 1 4.95 0 .751.751 0 0 1-.018 1.042.751.751 0 0 1-1.042.018 1.998 1.998 0 0 0-2.83 0l-2.5 2.5a1.998 1.998 0 0 0 0 2.83Z"></path></svg></a></div> <p dir="auto">In 3.0, the string % operator alternate syntax for the 'o' option will need to be updated to add '0o' in front, instead of '0'. In 2.6, alternate octal formatting will continue to add only '0'. In neither 2.6 nor 3.0 will the % operator support binary output. This is because binary output is already supported by <a href="http://www.python.org/dev/peps/pep-3101" rel="nofollow">PEP 3101</a> (str.format), which is the preferred string formatting method.</p> <a name="user-content-transition-from-2-6-to-3-0"></a> <div class="markdown-heading" dir="auto"><h3 tabindex="-1" class="heading-element" dir="auto">Transition from 2.6 to 3.0</h3><a id="user-content-transition-from-26-to-30" class="anchor" aria-label="Permalink: Transition from 2.6 to 3.0" href="#transition-from-26-to-30"><svg class="octicon octicon-link" viewBox="0 0 16 16" version="1.1" width="16" height="16" aria-hidden="true"><path d="m7.775 3.275 1.25-1.25a3.5 3.5 0 1 1 4.95 4.95l-2.5 2.5a3.5 3.5 0 0 1-4.95 0 .751.751 0 0 1 .018-1.042.751.751 0 0 1 1.042-.018 1.998 1.998 0 0 0 2.83 0l2.5-2.5a2.002 2.002 0 0 0-2.83-2.83l-1.25 1.25a.751.751 0 0 1-1.042-.018.751.751 0 0 1-.018-1.042Zm-4.69 9.64a1.998 1.998 0 0 0 2.83 0l1.25-1.25a.751.751 0 0 1 1.042.018.751.751 0 0 1 .018 1.042l-1.25 1.25a3.5 3.5 0 1 1-4.95-4.95l2.5-2.5a3.5 3.5 0 0 1 4.95 0 .751.751 0 0 1-.018 1.042.751.751 0 0 1-1.042.018 1.998 1.998 0 0 0-2.83 0l-2.5 2.5a1.998 1.998 0 0 0 0 2.83Z"></path></svg></a></div> <p dir="auto">The 2to3 translator will have to insert 'o' into any octal string literal.</p> <p dir="auto">The Py3K compatible option to Python 2.6 should cause attempts to use oldoctinteger literals to raise an exception.</p> <a name="user-content-rationale"></a> <div class="markdown-heading" dir="auto"><h2 tabindex="-1" class="heading-element" dir="auto">Rationale</h2><a id="user-content-rationale" class="anchor" aria-label="Permalink: Rationale" href="#rationale"><svg class="octicon octicon-link" viewBox="0 0 16 16" version="1.1" width="16" height="16" aria-hidden="true"><path d="m7.775 3.275 1.25-1.25a3.5 3.5 0 1 1 4.95 4.95l-2.5 2.5a3.5 3.5 0 0 1-4.95 0 .751.751 0 0 1 .018-1.042.751.751 0 0 1 1.042-.018 1.998 1.998 0 0 0 2.83 0l2.5-2.5a2.002 2.002 0 0 0-2.83-2.83l-1.25 1.25a.751.751 0 0 1-1.042-.018.751.751 0 0 1-.018-1.042Zm-4.69 9.64a1.998 1.998 0 0 0 2.83 0l1.25-1.25a.751.751 0 0 1 1.042.018.751.751 0 0 1 .018 1.042l-1.25 1.25a3.5 3.5 0 1 1-4.95-4.95l2.5-2.5a3.5 3.5 0 0 1 4.95 0 .751.751 0 0 1-.018 1.042.751.751 0 0 1-1.042.018 1.998 1.998 0 0 0-2.83 0l-2.5 2.5a1.998 1.998 0 0 0 0 2.83Z"></path></svg></a></div> <p dir="auto">Most of the discussion on these issues occurred on the Python-3000 mailing list starting 14-Mar-2007, prompted by an observation that the average human being would be completely mystified upon finding that prepending a "0" to a string of digits changes the meaning of that digit string entirely.</p> <p dir="auto">It was pointed out during this discussion that a similar, but shorter, discussion on the subject occurred in January 2006, prompted by a discovery of the same issue.</p> <a name="user-content-background"></a> <div class="markdown-heading" dir="auto"><h3 tabindex="-1" class="heading-element" dir="auto">Background</h3><a id="user-content-background" class="anchor" aria-label="Permalink: Background" href="#background"><svg class="octicon octicon-link" viewBox="0 0 16 16" version="1.1" width="16" height="16" aria-hidden="true"><path d="m7.775 3.275 1.25-1.25a3.5 3.5 0 1 1 4.95 4.95l-2.5 2.5a3.5 3.5 0 0 1-4.95 0 .751.751 0 0 1 .018-1.042.751.751 0 0 1 1.042-.018 1.998 1.998 0 0 0 2.83 0l2.5-2.5a2.002 2.002 0 0 0-2.83-2.83l-1.25 1.25a.751.751 0 0 1-1.042-.018.751.751 0 0 1-.018-1.042Zm-4.69 9.64a1.998 1.998 0 0 0 2.83 0l1.25-1.25a.751.751 0 0 1 1.042.018.751.751 0 0 1 .018 1.042l-1.25 1.25a3.5 3.5 0 1 1-4.95-4.95l2.5-2.5a3.5 3.5 0 0 1 4.95 0 .751.751 0 0 1-.018 1.042.751.751 0 0 1-1.042.018 1.998 1.998 0 0 0-2.83 0l-2.5 2.5a1.998 1.998 0 0 0 0 2.83Z"></path></svg></a></div> <p dir="auto">For historical reasons, Python's string representation of integers in different bases (radices), for string formatting and token literals, borrows heavily from C. <a href="#id6" id="user-content-id1">[1]</a> <a href="#id7" id="user-content-id2">[2]</a> Usage has shown that the historical method of specifying an octal number is confusing, and also that it would be nice to have additional support for binary literals.</p> <p dir="auto">Throughout this document, unless otherwise noted, discussions about the string representation of integers relate to these features:</p> <ul dir="auto"> <li>Literal integer tokens, as used by normal module compilation, by eval(), and by int(token, 0). (int(token) and int(token, 2-36) are not modified by this proposal.)<ul dir="auto"> <li>Under 2.6, long() is treated the same as int()</li> </ul> </li> <li>Formatting of integers into strings, either via the % string operator or the new <a href="http://www.python.org/dev/peps/pep-3101" rel="nofollow">PEP 3101</a> advanced string formatting method.</li> </ul> <p dir="auto">It is presumed that:</p> <ul dir="auto"> <li>All of these features should have an identical set of supported radices, for consistency.</li> <li>Python source code syntax and int(mystring, 0) should continue to share identical behavior.</li> </ul> <a name="user-content-removal-of-old-octal-syntax"></a> <div class="markdown-heading" dir="auto"><h3 tabindex="-1" class="heading-element" dir="auto">Removal of old octal syntax</h3><a id="user-content-removal-of-old-octal-syntax" class="anchor" aria-label="Permalink: Removal of old octal syntax" href="#removal-of-old-octal-syntax"><svg class="octicon octicon-link" viewBox="0 0 16 16" version="1.1" width="16" height="16" aria-hidden="true"><path d="m7.775 3.275 1.25-1.25a3.5 3.5 0 1 1 4.95 4.95l-2.5 2.5a3.5 3.5 0 0 1-4.95 0 .751.751 0 0 1 .018-1.042.751.751 0 0 1 1.042-.018 1.998 1.998 0 0 0 2.83 0l2.5-2.5a2.002 2.002 0 0 0-2.83-2.83l-1.25 1.25a.751.751 0 0 1-1.042-.018.751.751 0 0 1-.018-1.042Zm-4.69 9.64a1.998 1.998 0 0 0 2.83 0l1.25-1.25a.751.751 0 0 1 1.042.018.751.751 0 0 1 .018 1.042l-1.25 1.25a3.5 3.5 0 1 1-4.95-4.95l2.5-2.5a3.5 3.5 0 0 1 4.95 0 .751.751 0 0 1-.018 1.042.751.751 0 0 1-1.042.018 1.998 1.998 0 0 0-2.83 0l-2.5 2.5a1.998 1.998 0 0 0 0 2.83Z"></path></svg></a></div> <p dir="auto">This PEP proposes that the ability to specify an octal number by using a leading zero will be removed from the language in Python 3.0 (and the Python 3.0 preview mode of 2.6), and that a SyntaxError will be raised whenever a leading "0" is immediately followed by another digit.</p> <p dir="auto">During the present discussion, it was almost universally agreed that:</p> <pre>eval('010') == 8 </pre> <p dir="auto">should no longer be true, because that is confusing to new users. It was also proposed that:</p> <pre>eval('0010') == 10 </pre> <p dir="auto">should become true, but that is much more contentious, because it is so inconsistent with usage in other computer languages that mistakes are likely to be made.</p> <p dir="auto">Almost all currently popular computer languages, including C/C++, Java, Perl, and JavaScript, treat a sequence of digits with a leading zero as an octal number. Proponents of treating these numbers as decimal instead have a very valid point -- as discussed in <a href="#supported-radices">Supported radices</a>, below, the entire non-computer world uses decimal numbers almost exclusively. There is ample anecdotal evidence that many people are dismayed and confused if they are confronted with non-decimal radices.</p> <p dir="auto">However, in most situations, most people do not write gratuitous zeros in front of their decimal numbers. The primary exception is when an attempt is being made to line up columns of numbers. But since <a href="http://www.python.org/dev/peps/pep-0008" rel="nofollow">PEP 8</a> specifically discourages the use of spaces to try to align Python code, one would suspect the same argument should apply to the use of leading zeros for the same purpose.</p> <p dir="auto">Finally, although the email discussion often focused on whether anybody actually <em>uses</em> octal any more, and whether we should cater to those old-timers in any case, that is almost entirely besides the point.</p> <p dir="auto">Assume the rare complete newcomer to computing who <em>does</em>, either occasionally or as a matter of habit, use leading zeros for decimal numbers. Python could either:</p> <ol dir="auto"> <li>silently do the wrong thing with their numbers, as it does now;</li> <li>immediately disabuse them of the notion that this is viable syntax (and yes, the SyntaxWarning should be more gentle than it currently is, but that is a subject for a different PEP); or</li> <li>let them continue to think that computers are happy with multi-digit decimal integers which start with "0".</li> </ol> <p dir="auto">Some people passionately believe that (c) is the correct answer, and they would be absolutely right if we could be sure that new users will never blossom and grow and start writing AJAX applications.</p> <p dir="auto">So while a new Python user may (currently) be mystified at the delayed discovery that their numbers don't work properly, we can fix it by explaining to them immediately that Python doesn't like leading zeros (hopefully with a reasonable message!), or we can delegate this teaching experience to the JavaScript interpreter in the browser, and let them try to debug their issue there.</p> <a name="user-content-supported-radices"></a> <div class="markdown-heading" dir="auto"><h3 tabindex="-1" class="heading-element" dir="auto">Supported radices</h3><a id="user-content-supported-radices" class="anchor" aria-label="Permalink: Supported radices" href="#supported-radices"><svg class="octicon octicon-link" viewBox="0 0 16 16" version="1.1" width="16" height="16" aria-hidden="true"><path d="m7.775 3.275 1.25-1.25a3.5 3.5 0 1 1 4.95 4.95l-2.5 2.5a3.5 3.5 0 0 1-4.95 0 .751.751 0 0 1 .018-1.042.751.751 0 0 1 1.042-.018 1.998 1.998 0 0 0 2.83 0l2.5-2.5a2.002 2.002 0 0 0-2.83-2.83l-1.25 1.25a.751.751 0 0 1-1.042-.018.751.751 0 0 1-.018-1.042Zm-4.69 9.64a1.998 1.998 0 0 0 2.83 0l1.25-1.25a.751.751 0 0 1 1.042.018.751.751 0 0 1 .018 1.042l-1.25 1.25a3.5 3.5 0 1 1-4.95-4.95l2.5-2.5a3.5 3.5 0 0 1 4.95 0 .751.751 0 0 1-.018 1.042.751.751 0 0 1-1.042.018 1.998 1.998 0 0 0-2.83 0l-2.5 2.5a1.998 1.998 0 0 0 0 2.83Z"></path></svg></a></div> <p dir="auto">This PEP proposes that the supported radices for the Python language will be 2, 8, 10, and 16.</p> <p dir="auto">Once it is agreed that the old syntax for octal (radix 8) representation of integers must be removed from the language, the next obvious question is "Do we actually need a way to specify (and display) numbers in octal?"</p> <p dir="auto">This question is quickly followed by "What radices does the language need to support?" Because computers are so adept at doing what you tell them to, a tempting answer in the discussion was "all of them." This answer has obviously been given before -- the int() constructor will accept an explicit radix with a value between 2 and 36, inclusive, with the latter number bearing a suspicious arithmetic similarity to the sum of the number of numeric digits and the number of same-case letters in the ASCII alphabet.</p> <p dir="auto">But the best argument for inclusion will have a use-case to back it up, so the idea of supporting all radices was quickly rejected, and the only radices left with any real support were decimal, hexadecimal, octal, and binary.</p> <p dir="auto">Just because a particular radix has a vocal supporter on the mailing list does not mean that it really should be in the language, so the rest of this section is a treatise on the utility of these particular radices, vs. other possible choices.</p> <p dir="auto">Humans use other numeric bases constantly. If I tell you that it is 12:30 PM, I have communicated quantitative information arguably composed of <em>three</em> separate bases (12, 60, and 2), only one of which is in the "agreed" list above. But the <em>communication</em> of that information used two decimal digits each for the base 12 and base 60 information, and, perversely, two letters for information which could have fit in a single decimal digit.</p> <p dir="auto">So, in general, humans communicate "normal" (non-computer) numerical information either via names (AM, PM, January, ...) or via use of decimal notation. Obviously, names are seldom used for large sets of items, so decimal is used for everything else. There are studies which attempt to explain why this is so, typically reaching the expected conclusion that the Arabic numeral system is well-suited to human cognition. <a href="#id8" id="user-content-id3">[3]</a></p> <p dir="auto">There is even support in the history of the design of computers to indicate that decimal notation is the correct way for computers to communicate with humans. One of the first modern computers, ENIAC <a href="#id9" id="user-content-id4">[4]</a> computed in decimal, even though there were already existing computers which operated in binary.</p> <p dir="auto">Decimal computer operation was important enough that many computers, including the ubiquitous PC, have instructions designed to operate on "binary coded decimal" (BCD) <a href="#id10" id="user-content-id5">[5]</a>, a representation which devotes 4 bits to each decimal digit. These instructions date from a time when the most strenuous calculations ever performed on many numbers were the calculations actually required to perform textual I/O with them. It is possible to display BCD without having to perform a divide/remainder operation on every displayed digit, and this was a huge computational win when most hardware didn't have fast divide capability. Another factor contributing to the use of BCD is that, with BCD calculations, rounding will happen exactly the same way that a human would do it, so BCD is still sometimes used in fields like finance, despite the computational and storage superiority of binary.</p> <p dir="auto">So, if it weren't for the fact that computers themselves normally use binary for efficient computation and data storage, string representations of integers would probably always be in decimal.</p> <p dir="auto">Unfortunately, computer hardware doesn't think like humans, so programmers and hardware engineers must often resort to thinking like the computer, which means that it is important for Python to have the ability to communicate binary data in a form that is understandable to humans.</p> <p dir="auto">The requirement that the binary data notation must be cognitively easy for humans to process means that it should contain an integral number of binary digits (bits) per symbol, while otherwise conforming quite closely to the standard tried-and-true decimal notation (position indicates power, larger magnitude on the left, not too many symbols in the alphabet, etc.).</p> <p dir="auto">The obvious "sweet spot" for this binary data notation is thus octal, which packs the largest integral number of bits possible into a single symbol chosen from the Arabic numeral alphabet.</p> <p dir="auto">In fact, some computer architectures, such as the PDP8 and the 8080/Z80, were defined in terms of octal, in the sense of arranging the bitfields of instructions in groups of three, and using octal representations to describe the instruction set.</p> <p dir="auto">Even today, octal is important because of bit-packed structures which consist of 3 bits per field, such as Unix file permission masks.</p> <p dir="auto">But octal has a drawback when used for larger numbers. The number of bits per symbol, while integral, is not itself a power of two. This limitation (given that the word size of most computers these days is a power of two) has resulted in hexadecimal, which is more popular than octal despite the fact that it requires a 60% larger alphabet than decimal, because each symbol contains 4 bits.</p> <p dir="auto">Some numbers, such as Unix file permission masks, are easily decoded by humans when represented in octal, but difficult to decode in hexadecimal, while other numbers are much easier for humans to handle in hexadecimal.</p> <p dir="auto">Unfortunately, there are also binary numbers used in computers which are not very well communicated in either hexadecimal or octal. Thankfully, fewer people have to deal with these on a regular basis, but on the other hand, this means that several people on the discussion list questioned the wisdom of adding a straight binary representation to Python.</p> <p dir="auto">One example of where these numbers is very useful is in reading and writing hardware registers. Sometimes hardware designers will eschew human readability and opt for address space efficiency, by packing multiple bit fields into a single hardware register at unaligned bit locations, and it is tedious and error-prone for a human to reconstruct a 5 bit field which consists of the upper 3 bits of one hex digit, and the lower 2 bits of the next hex digit.</p> <p dir="auto">Even if the ability of Python to communicate binary information to humans is only useful for a small technical subset of the population, it is exactly that population subset which contains most, if not all, members of the Python core team, so even straight binary, the least useful of these notations, has several enthusiastic supporters and few, if any, staunch opponents, among the Python community.</p> <a name="user-content-syntax-for-supported-radices"></a> <div class="markdown-heading" dir="auto"><h3 tabindex="-1" class="heading-element" dir="auto">Syntax for supported radices</h3><a id="user-content-syntax-for-supported-radices" class="anchor" aria-label="Permalink: Syntax for supported radices" href="#syntax-for-supported-radices"><svg class="octicon octicon-link" viewBox="0 0 16 16" version="1.1" width="16" height="16" aria-hidden="true"><path d="m7.775 3.275 1.25-1.25a3.5 3.5 0 1 1 4.95 4.95l-2.5 2.5a3.5 3.5 0 0 1-4.95 0 .751.751 0 0 1 .018-1.042.751.751 0 0 1 1.042-.018 1.998 1.998 0 0 0 2.83 0l2.5-2.5a2.002 2.002 0 0 0-2.83-2.83l-1.25 1.25a.751.751 0 0 1-1.042-.018.751.751 0 0 1-.018-1.042Zm-4.69 9.64a1.998 1.998 0 0 0 2.83 0l1.25-1.25a.751.751 0 0 1 1.042.018.751.751 0 0 1 .018 1.042l-1.25 1.25a3.5 3.5 0 1 1-4.95-4.95l2.5-2.5a3.5 3.5 0 0 1 4.95 0 .751.751 0 0 1-.018 1.042.751.751 0 0 1-1.042.018 1.998 1.998 0 0 0-2.83 0l-2.5 2.5a1.998 1.998 0 0 0 0 2.83Z"></path></svg></a></div> <p dir="auto">This proposal is to use a "0o" prefix with either uppercase or lowercase "o" for octal, and a "0b" prefix with either uppercase or lowercase "b" for binary.</p> <p dir="auto">There was strong support for not supporting uppercase, but this is a separate subject for a different PEP, as 'j' for complex numbers, 'e' for exponent, and 'r' for raw string (to name a few) already support uppercase.</p> <p dir="auto">The syntax for delimiting the different radices received a lot of attention in the discussion on Python-3000. There are several (sometimes conflicting) requirements and "nice-to-haves" for this syntax:</p> <ul dir="auto"> <li>It should be as compatible with other languages and previous versions of Python as is reasonable, both for the input syntax and for the output (e.g. string % operator) syntax.</li> <li>It should be as obvious to the casual observer as possible.</li> <li>It should be easy to visually distinguish integers formatted in the different bases.</li> </ul> <p dir="auto">Proposed syntaxes included things like arbitrary radix prefixes, such as 16r100 (256 in hexadecimal), and radix suffixes, similar to the 100h assembler-style suffix. The debate on whether the letter "O" could be used for octal was intense -- an uppercase "O" looks suspiciously similar to a zero in some fonts. Suggestions were made to use a "c" (the second letter of "oCtal"), or even to use a "t" for "ocTal" and an "n" for "biNary" to go along with the "x" for "heXadecimal".</p> <p dir="auto">For the string % operator, "o" was already being used to denote octal. Binary formatting is not being added to the % operator because <a href="http://www.python.org/dev/peps/pep-3101" rel="nofollow">PEP 3101</a> (Advanced String Formatting) already supports binary, % formatting will be deprecated in the future.</p> <p dir="auto">At the end of the day, since uppercase "O" can look like a zero and uppercase "B" can look like an 8, it was decided that these prefixes should be lowercase only, but, like 'r' for raw string, that can be a preference or style-guide issue.</p> <a name="user-content-open-issues"></a> <div class="markdown-heading" dir="auto"><h2 tabindex="-1" class="heading-element" dir="auto">Open Issues</h2><a id="user-content-open-issues" class="anchor" aria-label="Permalink: Open Issues" href="#open-issues"><svg class="octicon octicon-link" viewBox="0 0 16 16" version="1.1" width="16" height="16" aria-hidden="true"><path d="m7.775 3.275 1.25-1.25a3.5 3.5 0 1 1 4.95 4.95l-2.5 2.5a3.5 3.5 0 0 1-4.95 0 .751.751 0 0 1 .018-1.042.751.751 0 0 1 1.042-.018 1.998 1.998 0 0 0 2.83 0l2.5-2.5a2.002 2.002 0 0 0-2.83-2.83l-1.25 1.25a.751.751 0 0 1-1.042-.018.751.751 0 0 1-.018-1.042Zm-4.69 9.64a1.998 1.998 0 0 0 2.83 0l1.25-1.25a.751.751 0 0 1 1.042.018.751.751 0 0 1 .018 1.042l-1.25 1.25a3.5 3.5 0 1 1-4.95-4.95l2.5-2.5a3.5 3.5 0 0 1 4.95 0 .751.751 0 0 1-.018 1.042.751.751 0 0 1-1.042.018 1.998 1.998 0 0 0-2.83 0l-2.5 2.5a1.998 1.998 0 0 0 0 2.83Z"></path></svg></a></div> <p dir="auto">It was suggested in the discussion that lowercase should be used for all numeric and string special modifiers, such as 'x' for hexadecimal, 'r' for raw strings, 'e' for exponentiation, and 'j' for complex numbers. This is an issue for a separate PEP.</p> <p dir="auto">This PEP takes no position on uppercase or lowercase for input, just noting that, for consistency, if uppercase is not to be removed from input parsing for other letters, it should be added for octal and binary, and documenting the changes under this assumption, as there is not yet a PEP about the case issue.</p> <p dir="auto">Output formatting may be a different story -- there is already ample precedence for case sensitivity in the output format string, and there would need to be a consensus that there is a valid use-case for the "alternate form" of the string % operator to support uppercase 'B' or 'O' characters for binary or octal output. Currently, <a href="http://www.python.org/dev/peps/pep-3101" rel="nofollow">PEP 3101</a> does not even support this alternate capability, and the hex() function does not allow the programmer to specify the case of the 'x' character.</p> <p dir="auto">There are still some strong feelings that '0123' should be allowed as a literal decimal in Python 3.0. If this is the right thing to do, this can easily be covered in an additional PEP. This proposal only takes the first step of making '0123' not be a valid octal number, for reasons covered in the rationale.</p> <p dir="auto">Is there (or should there be) an option for the 2to3 translator which only makes the 2.6 compatible changes? Should this be run on 2.6 library code before the 2.6 release?</p> <p dir="auto">Should a bin() function which matches hex() and oct() be added?</p> <p dir="auto">Is hex() really that useful once we have advanced string formatting?</p> <a name="user-content-references"></a> <div class="markdown-heading" dir="auto"><h2 tabindex="-1" class="heading-element" dir="auto">References</h2><a id="user-content-references" class="anchor" aria-label="Permalink: References" href="#references"><svg class="octicon octicon-link" viewBox="0 0 16 16" version="1.1" width="16" height="16" aria-hidden="true"><path d="m7.775 3.275 1.25-1.25a3.5 3.5 0 1 1 4.95 4.95l-2.5 2.5a3.5 3.5 0 0 1-4.95 0 .751.751 0 0 1 .018-1.042.751.751 0 0 1 1.042-.018 1.998 1.998 0 0 0 2.83 0l2.5-2.5a2.002 2.002 0 0 0-2.83-2.83l-1.25 1.25a.751.751 0 0 1-1.042-.018.751.751 0 0 1-.018-1.042Zm-4.69 9.64a1.998 1.998 0 0 0 2.83 0l1.25-1.25a.751.751 0 0 1 1.042.018.751.751 0 0 1 .018 1.042l-1.25 1.25a3.5 3.5 0 1 1-4.95-4.95l2.5-2.5a3.5 3.5 0 0 1 4.95 0 .751.751 0 0 1-.018 1.042.751.751 0 0 1-1.042.018 1.998 1.998 0 0 0-2.83 0l-2.5 2.5a1.998 1.998 0 0 0 0 2.83Z"></path></svg></a></div> <markdown-accessiblity-table><table frame="void" id="user-content-id6" rules="none"> <tbody valign="top"> <tr><td><a href="#id1">[1]</a></td><td>GNU libc manual printf integer format conversions (<a href="http://www.gnu.org/software/libc/manual/html_node/Integer-Conversions.html" rel="nofollow">http://www.gnu.org/software/libc/manual/html_node/Integer-Conversions.html</a>)</td></tr> </tbody> </table></markdown-accessiblity-table> <markdown-accessiblity-table><table frame="void" id="user-content-id7" rules="none"> <tbody valign="top"> <tr><td><a href="#id2">[2]</a></td><td>Python string formatting operations (<a href="http://docs.python.org/library/stdtypes.html#string-formatting-operations" rel="nofollow">http://docs.python.org/library/stdtypes.html#string-formatting-operations</a>)</td></tr> </tbody> </table></markdown-accessiblity-table> <markdown-accessiblity-table><table frame="void" id="user-content-id8" rules="none"> <tbody valign="top"> <tr><td><a href="#id3">[3]</a></td><td>The Representation of Numbers, Jiajie Zhang and Donald A. Norman (<a href="http://acad88.sahs.uth.tmc.edu/research/publications/Number-Representation.pdf" rel="nofollow">http://acad88.sahs.uth.tmc.edu/research/publications/Number-Representation.pdf</a>)</td></tr> </tbody> </table></markdown-accessiblity-table> <markdown-accessiblity-table><table frame="void" id="user-content-id9" rules="none"> <tbody valign="top"> <tr><td><a href="#id4">[4]</a></td><td>ENIAC page at Wikipedia (<a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ENIAC" rel="nofollow">http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ENIAC</a>)</td></tr> </tbody> </table></markdown-accessiblity-table> <markdown-accessiblity-table><table frame="void" id="user-content-id10" rules="none"> <tbody valign="top"> <tr><td><a href="#id5">[5]</a></td><td>BCD page at Wikipedia (<a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Binary-coded_decimal" rel="nofollow">http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Binary-coded_decimal</a>)</td></tr> </tbody> </table></markdown-accessiblity-table> <a name="user-content-copyright"></a> <div class="markdown-heading" dir="auto"><h2 tabindex="-1" class="heading-element" dir="auto">Copyright</h2><a id="user-content-copyright" class="anchor" aria-label="Permalink: Copyright" href="#copyright"><svg class="octicon octicon-link" viewBox="0 0 16 16" version="1.1" width="16" height="16" aria-hidden="true"><path d="m7.775 3.275 1.25-1.25a3.5 3.5 0 1 1 4.95 4.95l-2.5 2.5a3.5 3.5 0 0 1-4.95 0 .751.751 0 0 1 .018-1.042.751.751 0 0 1 1.042-.018 1.998 1.998 0 0 0 2.83 0l2.5-2.5a2.002 2.002 0 0 0-2.83-2.83l-1.25 1.25a.751.751 0 0 1-1.042-.018.751.751 0 0 1-.018-1.042Zm-4.69 9.64a1.998 1.998 0 0 0 2.83 0l1.25-1.25a.751.751 0 0 1 1.042.018.751.751 0 0 1 .018 1.042l-1.25 1.25a3.5 3.5 0 1 1-4.95-4.95l2.5-2.5a3.5 3.5 0 0 1 4.95 0 .751.751 0 0 1-.018 1.042.751.751 0 0 1-1.042.018 1.998 1.998 0 0 0-2.83 0l-2.5 2.5a1.998 1.998 0 0 0 0 2.83Z"></path></svg></a></div> <p dir="auto">This document has been placed in the public domain.</p> </article></div><button hidden=""></button></section></div></div></div>   </div></div></div><div class="Box-sc-g0xbh4-0"></div></div></div></div></div><div id="find-result-marks-container" class="Box-sc-g0xbh4-0 cCoXib"></div><button hidden="" data-testid="" data-hotkey-scope="read-only-cursor-text-area"></button><button hidden=""></button></div>   <script type="application/json" id="__PRIMER_DATA_:R0:__">{"resolvedServerColorMode":"day"}</script></div> </react-app> </turbo-frame> </div> </turbo-frame> </main> </div> </div> <footer class="footer pt-8 pb-6 f6 color-fg-muted p-responsive" role="contentinfo" > <h2 class='sr-only'>Footer</h2> <div class="d-flex flex-justify-center flex-items-center flex-column-reverse flex-lg-row flex-wrap flex-lg-nowrap"> <div class="d-flex flex-items-center flex-shrink-0 mx-2"> <a aria-label="Homepage" title="GitHub" class="footer-octicon mr-2" href="https://github.com"> <svg aria-hidden="true" height="24" viewBox="0 0 24 24" version="1.1" width="24" data-view-component="true" class="octicon octicon-mark-github"> <path d="M12 1C5.9225 1 1 5.9225 1 12C1 16.8675 4.14875 20.9787 8.52125 22.4362C9.07125 22.5325 9.2775 22.2025 9.2775 21.9137C9.2775 21.6525 9.26375 20.7862 9.26375 19.865C6.5 20.3737 5.785 19.1912 5.565 18.5725C5.44125 18.2562 4.905 17.28 4.4375 17.0187C4.0525 16.8125 3.5025 16.3037 4.42375 16.29C5.29 16.2762 5.90875 17.0875 6.115 17.4175C7.105 19.0812 8.68625 18.6137 9.31875 18.325C9.415 17.61 9.70375 17.1287 10.02 16.8537C7.5725 16.5787 5.015 15.63 5.015 11.4225C5.015 10.2262 5.44125 9.23625 6.1425 8.46625C6.0325 8.19125 5.6475 7.06375 6.2525 5.55125C6.2525 5.55125 7.17375 5.2625 9.2775 6.67875C10.1575 6.43125 11.0925 6.3075 12.0275 6.3075C12.9625 6.3075 13.8975 6.43125 14.7775 6.67875C16.8813 5.24875 17.8025 5.55125 17.8025 5.55125C18.4075 7.06375 18.0225 8.19125 17.9125 8.46625C18.6138 9.23625 19.04 10.2125 19.04 11.4225C19.04 15.6437 16.4688 16.5787 14.0213 16.8537C14.42 17.1975 14.7638 17.8575 14.7638 18.8887C14.7638 20.36 14.75 21.5425 14.75 21.9137C14.75 22.2025 14.9563 22.5462 15.5063 22.4362C19.8513 20.9787 23 16.8537 23 12C23 5.9225 18.0775 1 12 1Z"></path> </svg> </a> <span> © 2025 GitHub, Inc. </span> </div> <nav aria-label="Footer"> <h3 class="sr-only" id="sr-footer-heading">Footer navigation</h3> <ul class="list-style-none d-flex flex-justify-center flex-wrap mb-2 mb-lg-0" aria-labelledby="sr-footer-heading"> <li class="mx-2"> <a data-analytics-event="{"category":"Footer","action":"go to Terms","label":"text:terms"}" href="https://docs.github.com/site-policy/github-terms/github-terms-of-service" data-view-component="true" class="Link--secondary Link">Terms</a> </li> <li class="mx-2"> <a data-analytics-event="{"category":"Footer","action":"go to privacy","label":"text:privacy"}" href="https://docs.github.com/site-policy/privacy-policies/github-privacy-statement" data-view-component="true" class="Link--secondary Link">Privacy</a> </li> <li class="mx-2"> <a data-analytics-event="{"category":"Footer","action":"go to security","label":"text:security"}" href="https://github.com/security" data-view-component="true" class="Link--secondary Link">Security</a> </li> <li class="mx-2"> <a data-analytics-event="{"category":"Footer","action":"go to status","label":"text:status"}" href="https://www.githubstatus.com/" data-view-component="true" class="Link--secondary Link">Status</a> </li> <li class="mx-2"> <a data-analytics-event="{"category":"Footer","action":"go to docs","label":"text:docs"}" href="https://docs.github.com/" data-view-component="true" class="Link--secondary Link">Docs</a> </li> <li class="mx-2"> <a data-analytics-event="{"category":"Footer","action":"go to contact","label":"text:contact"}" href="https://support.github.com?tags=dotcom-footer" data-view-component="true" class="Link--secondary Link">Contact</a> </li> <li class="mx-2" > <cookie-consent-link> <button type="button" class="Link--secondary underline-on-hover border-0 p-0 color-bg-transparent" data-action="click:cookie-consent-link#showConsentManagement" data-analytics-event="{"location":"footer","action":"cookies","context":"subfooter","tag":"link","label":"cookies_link_subfooter_footer"}" > Manage cookies </button> </cookie-consent-link> </li> <li class="mx-2"> <cookie-consent-link> <button type="button" class="Link--secondary underline-on-hover border-0 p-0 color-bg-transparent" data-action="click:cookie-consent-link#showConsentManagement" data-analytics-event="{"location":"footer","action":"dont_share_info","context":"subfooter","tag":"link","label":"dont_share_info_link_subfooter_footer"}" > Do not share my personal information </button> </cookie-consent-link> </li> </ul> </nav> </div> </footer> <ghcc-consent id="ghcc" class="position-fixed bottom-0 left-0" style="z-index: 999999" data-initial-cookie-consent-allowed="" data-cookie-consent-required="false"></ghcc-consent> <div id="ajax-error-message" class="ajax-error-message flash flash-error" hidden> <svg aria-hidden="true" height="16" viewBox="0 0 16 16" version="1.1" width="16" data-view-component="true" class="octicon octicon-alert"> <path d="M6.457 1.047c.659-1.234 2.427-1.234 3.086 0l6.082 11.378A1.75 1.75 0 0 1 14.082 15H1.918a1.75 1.75 0 0 1-1.543-2.575Zm1.763.707a.25.25 0 0 0-.44 0L1.698 13.132a.25.25 0 0 0 .22.368h12.164a.25.25 0 0 0 .22-.368Zm.53 3.996v2.5a.75.75 0 0 1-1.5 0v-2.5a.75.75 0 0 1 1.5 0ZM9 11a1 1 0 1 1-2 0 1 1 0 0 1 2 0Z"></path> </svg> <button type="button" class="flash-close js-ajax-error-dismiss" aria-label="Dismiss error"> <svg aria-hidden="true" height="16" viewBox="0 0 16 16" version="1.1" width="16" data-view-component="true" class="octicon octicon-x"> <path d="M3.72 3.72a.75.75 0 0 1 1.06 0L8 6.94l3.22-3.22a.749.749 0 0 1 1.275.326.749.749 0 0 1-.215.734L9.06 8l3.22 3.22a.749.749 0 0 1-.326 1.275.749.749 0 0 1-.734-.215L8 9.06l-3.22 3.22a.751.751 0 0 1-1.042-.018.751.751 0 0 1-.018-1.042L6.94 8 3.72 4.78a.75.75 0 0 1 0-1.06Z"></path> </svg> </button> You can’t perform that action at this time. </div> <template id="site-details-dialog"> <details class="details-reset details-overlay details-overlay-dark lh-default color-fg-default hx_rsm" open> <summary role="button" aria-label="Close dialog"></summary> <details-dialog class="Box Box--overlay d-flex flex-column anim-fade-in fast hx_rsm-dialog hx_rsm-modal"> <button class="Box-btn-octicon m-0 btn-octicon position-absolute right-0 top-0" type="button" aria-label="Close dialog" data-close-dialog> <svg aria-hidden="true" height="16" viewBox="0 0 16 16" version="1.1" width="16" data-view-component="true" class="octicon octicon-x"> <path d="M3.72 3.72a.75.75 0 0 1 1.06 0L8 6.94l3.22-3.22a.749.749 0 0 1 1.275.326.749.749 0 0 1-.215.734L9.06 8l3.22 3.22a.749.749 0 0 1-.326 1.275.749.749 0 0 1-.734-.215L8 9.06l-3.22 3.22a.751.751 0 0 1-1.042-.018.751.751 0 0 1-.018-1.042L6.94 8 3.72 4.78a.75.75 0 0 1 0-1.06Z"></path> </svg> </button> <div class="octocat-spinner my-6 js-details-dialog-spinner"></div> </details-dialog> </details> </template> <div class="Popover js-hovercard-content position-absolute" style="display: none; outline: none;"> <div class="Popover-message Popover-message--bottom-left Popover-message--large Box color-shadow-large" style="width:360px;"> </div> </div> <template id="snippet-clipboard-copy-button"> <div class="zeroclipboard-container position-absolute right-0 top-0"> <clipboard-copy aria-label="Copy" class="ClipboardButton btn js-clipboard-copy m-2 p-0" data-copy-feedback="Copied!" data-tooltip-direction="w"> <svg aria-hidden="true" height="16" viewBox="0 0 16 16" version="1.1" width="16" data-view-component="true" class="octicon octicon-copy js-clipboard-copy-icon m-2"> <path d="M0 6.75C0 5.784.784 5 1.75 5h1.5a.75.75 0 0 1 0 1.5h-1.5a.25.25 0 0 0-.25.25v7.5c0 .138.112.25.25.25h7.5a.25.25 0 0 0 .25-.25v-1.5a.75.75 0 0 1 1.5 0v1.5A1.75 1.75 0 0 1 9.25 16h-7.5A1.75 1.75 0 0 1 0 14.25Z"></path><path d="M5 1.75C5 .784 5.784 0 6.75 0h7.5C15.216 0 16 .784 16 1.75v7.5A1.75 1.75 0 0 1 14.25 11h-7.5A1.75 1.75 0 0 1 5 9.25Zm1.75-.25a.25.25 0 0 0-.25.25v7.5c0 .138.112.25.25.25h7.5a.25.25 0 0 0 .25-.25v-7.5a.25.25 0 0 0-.25-.25Z"></path> </svg> <svg aria-hidden="true" height="16" viewBox="0 0 16 16" version="1.1" width="16" data-view-component="true" class="octicon octicon-check js-clipboard-check-icon color-fg-success d-none m-2"> <path d="M13.78 4.22a.75.75 0 0 1 0 1.06l-7.25 7.25a.75.75 0 0 1-1.06 0L2.22 9.28a.751.751 0 0 1 .018-1.042.751.751 0 0 1 1.042-.018L6 10.94l6.72-6.72a.75.75 0 0 1 1.06 0Z"></path> </svg> </clipboard-copy> </div> </template> <template id="snippet-clipboard-copy-button-unpositioned"> <div class="zeroclipboard-container"> <clipboard-copy aria-label="Copy" class="ClipboardButton btn btn-invisible js-clipboard-copy m-2 p-0 d-flex flex-justify-center flex-items-center" data-copy-feedback="Copied!" data-tooltip-direction="w"> <svg aria-hidden="true" height="16" viewBox="0 0 16 16" version="1.1" width="16" data-view-component="true" class="octicon octicon-copy js-clipboard-copy-icon"> <path d="M0 6.75C0 5.784.784 5 1.75 5h1.5a.75.75 0 0 1 0 1.5h-1.5a.25.25 0 0 0-.25.25v7.5c0 .138.112.25.25.25h7.5a.25.25 0 0 0 .25-.25v-1.5a.75.75 0 0 1 1.5 0v1.5A1.75 1.75 0 0 1 9.25 16h-7.5A1.75 1.75 0 0 1 0 14.25Z"></path><path d="M5 1.75C5 .784 5.784 0 6.75 0h7.5C15.216 0 16 .784 16 1.75v7.5A1.75 1.75 0 0 1 14.25 11h-7.5A1.75 1.75 0 0 1 5 9.25Zm1.75-.25a.25.25 0 0 0-.25.25v7.5c0 .138.112.25.25.25h7.5a.25.25 0 0 0 .25-.25v-7.5a.25.25 0 0 0-.25-.25Z"></path> </svg> <svg aria-hidden="true" height="16" viewBox="0 0 16 16" version="1.1" width="16" data-view-component="true" class="octicon octicon-check js-clipboard-check-icon color-fg-success d-none"> <path d="M13.78 4.22a.75.75 0 0 1 0 1.06l-7.25 7.25a.75.75 0 0 1-1.06 0L2.22 9.28a.751.751 0 0 1 .018-1.042.751.751 0 0 1 1.042-.018L6 10.94l6.72-6.72a.75.75 0 0 1 1.06 0Z"></path> </svg> </clipboard-copy> </div> </template> </div> <div id="js-global-screen-reader-notice" class="sr-only mt-n1" aria-live="polite" aria-atomic="true" ></div> <div id="js-global-screen-reader-notice-assertive" class="sr-only mt-n1" aria-live="assertive" aria-atomic="true"></div> </body> </html>