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data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above" style="color: #202122;background-color:#b0c4de">Arcadio Huang</th></tr><tr style="display:none;"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Traditional_Chinese_characters" title="Traditional Chinese characters">Traditional Chinese</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh-Hant" style="font-size: 1rem;">黃嘉略</span></span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Simplified_Chinese_characters" title="Simplified Chinese characters">Simplified Chinese</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh-Hans" style="font-size: 1rem;">黄嘉略</span></span></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"><table class="infobox-subbox mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" style="display:inline-table; text-align: left;"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above" style="font-size: 100%; text-align: left;color: #202122; background-color: #f9ffbc;">Transcriptions</th></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="color: #202122;background-color: #dcffc9;"><a href="/wiki/Standard_Chinese" title="Standard Chinese">Standard Mandarin</a></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Hanyu_Pinyin" class="mw-redirect" title="Hanyu Pinyin">Hanyu Pinyin</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><span title="Chinese-language romanization"><span style="font-style: normal" lang="zh-Latn">Huáng Jiālüè</span></span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Wade%E2%80%93Giles" title="Wade–Giles">Wade–Giles</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><span title="Chinese-language romanization"><span style="font-style: normal" lang="zh-Latn">Huang<sup>2</sup> Chia<sup>1</sup>-lüeh<sup>4</sup></span></span></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="color: #202122;background-color: #dcffc9;"><a href="/wiki/Southern_Min" title="Southern Min">Southern Min</a></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Taiwanese_Romanization_System" class="mw-redirect" title="Taiwanese Romanization System">Tâi-lô</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><span title="Min Nan Chinese-language romanization"><span style="font-style: normal" lang="nan-Latn">N̂g Ka-lio̍h</span></span></td></tr></tbody></table></td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></tr><tr style="display:none"><td colspan="2"> </td></tr></tbody></table> <p><b>Arcadio Huang</b> (<a href="/wiki/Traditional_Chinese_characters" title="Traditional Chinese characters">Chinese</a>: <span lang="zh-Hant">黃嘉略</span>; <a href="/wiki/Pinyin" title="Pinyin">pinyin</a>: <i><span lang="zh-Latn">Huáng Jiālüè</span></i>, born in Xinghua, modern <a href="/wiki/Putian" title="Putian">Putian</a>, in <a href="/wiki/Fujian" title="Fujian">Fujian</a>, 15 November 1679, died on 1 October 1716 in <a href="/wiki/Paris" title="Paris">Paris</a>)<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Mungello,_p.125_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Mungello,_p.125-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> was a <a href="/wiki/Chinese_christian#Pre-modern_history" class="mw-redirect" title="Chinese christian">Chinese Christian convert</a>, brought to Paris by the <a href="/wiki/Paris_Foreign_Missions_Society" title="Paris Foreign Missions Society">Missions étrangères</a>. He took a pioneering role in the teaching of the <a href="/wiki/Chinese_language" title="Chinese language">Chinese language</a> in France around 1715. He was preceded in France by his compatriot <a href="/wiki/Michael_Shen_Fu-Tsung" title="Michael Shen Fu-Tsung">Michael Shen Fu-Tsung</a>, who visited the country in 1684. </p><p>His main works, conducted with the assistance of young <a href="/wiki/Nicolas_Fr%C3%A9ret" title="Nicolas Fréret">Nicolas Fréret</a>, are the first Chinese-French lexicon, the first Chinese grammar of the Chinese, and the diffusion in France of the <a href="/wiki/List_of_Kangxi_radicals" class="mw-redirect" title="List of Kangxi radicals">Kangxi system</a> with two hundred fourteen radicals, which was used in the preparation of his lexicon. </p><p>His early death in 1716 prevented him from finishing his work, however, and <a href="/wiki/%C3%89tienne_Fourmont" title="Étienne Fourmont">Étienne Fourmont</a>, who received the task of sorting his papers, assumed all the credit for their publication. </p><p>Only the insistence of Nicolas Fréret, as well as the rediscovery of the memories of Huang Arcadio have re-established the pioneering work of Huang, as the basis which enabled French linguists to address more seriously the Chinese language. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Origins">Origins</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Arcadio_Huang&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Origins"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Here is the genealogy of Arcadio Huang (originally spelled <i>Hoange</i>) according to Stephen Fourmont: </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1244412712">.mw-parser-output .templatequote{overflow:hidden;margin:1em 0;padding:0 32px}.mw-parser-output .templatequotecite{line-height:1.5em;text-align:left;margin-top:0}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .templatequotecite{padding-left:1.6em}}</style><blockquote class="templatequote"><p>"Paul Huang, of the Mount of the Eagle, son of Kian-khin (Kiam-kim) Huang, Imperial assistant of the provinces of Nâne-kin (<a href="/wiki/Nanjing" title="Nanjing">Nanjing</a>) and Shan-ton (<a href="/wiki/Shandong" title="Shandong">Shandong</a>), and lord of the Mount of the Eagle, was born in the city of Hin-houa (Xinghua), in the province of Fò-kién (Fujian), Feb. 12, 1638; was baptized by the Jesuit Father <a href="/w/index.php?title=Antonio_de_Govea&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Antonio de Govea (page does not exist)">Antonio de Govea</a>, Portuguese, and was married in 1670 with the Miss Apollonie la Saule, named Léou-sien-yâm (Leù-sièn-yam) in the local language, daughter of Mr. Yâm, nicknamed Lou-ooue (Lû-ve), lord Doctor of Leôu-sièn (Leû-sièn) and governor of the city of Couan-sine (Guangxin), in the province of Kiam-si (<a href="/wiki/Jiangxi" title="Jiangxi">Jiangxi</a>). Arcadio Huang, interpreter of the King of France, son of Paul Huang, was born in the same city of Hin-Houa, on November 15, 1679, and was christened on November 21 of that year by the <a href="/wiki/Dominican_Order" title="Dominican Order">Jacobin</a> Father Arcadio of ..., of Spanish nationality. Through his marriage, he had a daughter who is still alive; he added to his genealogy Marie-Claude Huang, of the Eagle Mountain, daughter of Mr. Huang, interpreter to the king, and so on.; She was born March 4, 1715."</p></blockquote> <p>He received the education of a Chinese literatus under the protection of French missionaries. The French missionaries saw in Arcadio an opportunity to create a "literate Chinese Christian" in the service of the evangelization of China. In these pioneer years (1690–1700), it was urgent to present to Rome examples of perfectly Christianized Chinese, in order to reinforce the Jesuits' position in the <a href="/wiki/Rites_controversy" class="mw-redirect" title="Rites controversy">Rites controversy</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Journey_to_the_West">Journey to the West</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Arcadio_Huang&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Journey to the West"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Artus_de_Lionne.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/32/Artus_de_Lionne.jpg/220px-Artus_de_Lionne.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="346" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/3/32/Artus_de_Lionne.jpg 1.5x" data-file-width="314" data-file-height="494" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Artus_de_Lionne" title="Artus de Lionne">Artus de Lionne</a> (1655–1713), here in 1686, brought Arcadio Huang to Europe and France in 1702.</figcaption></figure> <p>On 17 February 1702, under the protection of <a href="/wiki/Artus_de_Lionne" title="Artus de Lionne">Artus de Lionne, Bishop of Rosalie</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-Barnes,_p.82_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Barnes,_p.82-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Arcadio embarked on a ship of the English <a href="/wiki/Honourable_East_India_Company" class="mw-redirect" title="Honourable East India Company">East India Company</a> in order to reach <a href="/wiki/London" title="London">London</a>. By September or October 1702, Mr. de Rosalie and Arcadio left England for <a href="/wiki/France" title="France">France</a>, in order to travel to <a href="/wiki/Rome" title="Rome">Rome</a>. </p><p>On the verge of being ordained a priest in Rome and being presented to the pope to demonstrate the reality of Chinese Christianity, Arcadio Huang apparently renounced and declined <a href="/wiki/Ordination" title="Ordination">ordination</a>. Rosalie preferred to return to Paris to further his education, and wait for a better answer. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Installation_in_Paris">Installation in Paris</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Arcadio_Huang&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Installation in Paris"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>According to his memoirs, Arcadio moved to Paris in 1704 or 1705 at the home of the Foreign Missions. There, his protectors continued his religious and cultural training, with plans to ordain him for work in China. But Arcadio preferred life as a layman. He settled permanently in Paris as a "Chinese interpreter to the <a href="/wiki/Louis_XIV" title="Louis XIV">Sun King</a>" and began working under the guidance and protection of abbot <a href="/wiki/Jean-Paul_Bignon" title="Jean-Paul Bignon">Jean-Paul Bignon</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Barnes,_p.82_3-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Barnes,_p.82-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It is alleged that he also became the king's librarian in charge of cataloging Chinese books in the Royal library.<sup id="cite_ref-Mungello,_p.125_2-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Mungello,_p.125-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Huang encountered <a href="/wiki/Montesquieu" title="Montesquieu">Montesquieu</a>, with whom he had many discussions about Chinese customs.<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Huang is said to have been Montesquieu's inspiration for the narrative device in his <i><a href="/wiki/Persian_Letters" title="Persian Letters">Persian Letters</a></i>, an Asian who discusses the customs of the West.<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Huang became very well-known in Parisian salons. In 1713 Huang married a Parisian woman named Marie-Claude Regnier.<sup id="cite_ref-Mungello,_p.125_2-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Mungello,_p.125-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 1715 she gave birth to a healthy daughter, also named Marie-Claude, but the mother died a few days later. Discouraged, Huang himself died a year and a half later, and their daughter died a few months after that.<sup id="cite_ref-Mungello,_p.125_2-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Mungello,_p.125-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Work_on_the_Chinese_language">Work on the Chinese language</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Arcadio_Huang&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Work on the Chinese language"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Helped by the young <a href="/wiki/Nicolas_Fr%C3%A9ret" title="Nicolas Fréret">Nicolas Fréret</a> (1688–1749), he began the hard work of pioneering a Chinese-French dictionary, a Chinese grammar, employing the <a href="/wiki/Kangxi_Dictionary" title="Kangxi Dictionary">Kangxi</a> system of <a href="/wiki/Section_headers_of_a_Chinese_dictionary" class="mw-redirect" title="Section headers of a Chinese dictionary">214 character keys</a>. </p><p>In this work, they were joined by <a href="/w/index.php?title=Nicolas_Joseph_Delisle&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Nicolas Joseph Delisle (page does not exist)">Nicolas Joseph Delisle</a> (1683–1745), a friend of Fréret, who gave a more cultural and geographical tone to their work and discussions. Deslisle's brother, <a href="/wiki/Guillaume_Delisle" title="Guillaume Delisle">Guillaume Delisle</a>, was already a renowned geographer. Delisle encouraged Arcadio Huang to read Europe's best known and popular writings dealing with the Chinese Empire. Huang was surprised by the <a href="/wiki/Ethnocentric" class="mw-redirect" title="Ethnocentric">ethnocentric</a> approach of these texts, reducing the merits of the Chinese people and stressing the civilizing role of the European peoples. </p><p>A third apprentice, by the name of <a href="/wiki/%C3%89tienne_Fourmont" title="Étienne Fourmont">Étienne Fourmont</a> (imposed by Abbé Bignon), arrived and profoundly disturbed the team. One day, Fourmont was surprised copying Huang's work.<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Debate_after_his_death">Debate after his death</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Arcadio_Huang&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Debate after his death"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:FourmontGrammar.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/aa/FourmontGrammar.jpg/220px-FourmontGrammar.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="199" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/aa/FourmontGrammar.jpg/330px-FourmontGrammar.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/aa/FourmontGrammar.jpg/440px-FourmontGrammar.jpg 2x" data-file-width="564" data-file-height="510" /></a><figcaption>The Chinese grammar published by <a href="/wiki/%C3%89tienne_Fourmont" title="Étienne Fourmont">Étienne Fourmont</a> in 1742</figcaption></figure> <p>After the death of Huang on 1 October 1716, Fourmont became officially responsible for classifying papers of the deceased. He made a very negative report on the contents of these documents and continued to criticize the work of Huang. Continuing his work on the languages of Europe and Asia (and therefore the Chinese), he took all the credit for the dissemination of the 214 key system in France, and finally published a French-Chinese lexicon and a Chinese grammar, without acknowledging the work of Huang, whom he was continuing to denigrate publicly. </p><p>Meanwhile, Fréret, also an Academician, and above all a friend and first student of Arcadio Huang, wrote a thesis on the work and role of Arcadio in the dissemination of knowledge about China in France. Documents saved by Nicolas-Joseph Delisle, Arcadio's second student, also helped to publicize the role of the Chinese subject of the king of France. </p><p>Since then, other researchers and historians investigated his role, including Danielle Elisseeff who compiled <i>Moi, Arcade interprète chinois du Roi Soleil</i> in 1985. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Arcadio_Huang&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Shen_Fo-tsung" class="mw-redirect" title="Shen Fo-tsung">Shen Fo-tsung</a>, another Chinese person who visited France in 1684.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fan_Shouyi" class="mw-redirect" title="Fan Shouyi">Fan Shouyi</a>, yet another Chinese person who lived in Europe in the early eighteenth century.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chinese_diaspora_in_France" title="Chinese diaspora in France">Chinese diaspora in France</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/China%E2%80%93France_relations" title="China–France relations">China–France relations</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jesuit_China_missions" class="mw-redirect" title="Jesuit China missions">Jesuit China missions</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Notes">Notes</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Arcadio_Huang&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Notes"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist reflist-columns references-column-width reflist-columns-2"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">First name also given as <i>Arcadius</i> (Latin) or <i>Arcade</i> (French); family name as <i>Hoange</i>, <i>Ouange</i>, <i>Houange</i>, etc...</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Mungello,_p.125-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Mungello,_p.125_2-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Mungello,_p.125_2-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Mungello,_p.125_2-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Mungello,_p.125_2-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Mungello, p.125</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Barnes,_p.82-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Barnes,_p.82_3-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Barnes,_p.82_3-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Barnes, p.82</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Barnes, p.85</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Conn, p.394</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Danielle Elisseeff, <i>Moi Arcade, interprète du roi-soleil</i>, édition Arthaud, Paris, 1985.</span> </li> </ol></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Arcadio_Huang&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>Barnes, Linda L. (2005) <i>Needles, Herbs, Gods, and Ghosts: China, Healing, and the West to 1848</i> Harvard University Press <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-674-01872-9" title="Special:BookSources/0-674-01872-9">0-674-01872-9</a></li> <li>Conn, Peter (1996) <i>Pearl S. Buck: A Cultural Biography</i> Cambridge University Press <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-521-56080-2" title="Special:BookSources/0-521-56080-2">0-521-56080-2</a></li> <li>Elisseeff, Danielle, <i>Moi, Arcade, interprète chinois du Roi Soleil</i>, Arthaud Publishing, Paris, 1985, <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/2-7003-0474-8" title="Special:BookSources/2-7003-0474-8">2-7003-0474-8</a> (Main source for this article, 189 pages)</li> <li>Fourmont, Etienne (1683–1745), <i>Note on Arcadius Hoang</i>.</li> <li>Mungello, David E. (2005) <i>The Great Encounter of China and the West, 1500-1800</i> Rowman & Littlefield <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-7425-3815-X" title="Special:BookSources/0-7425-3815-X">0-7425-3815-X</a></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSpence1993" class="citation book cs1">Spence, Jonathan D. (1993). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=M7LAH8ggQvAC&pg=PA356">"The Paris Years of Arcadio Huang"</a>. <i>Chinese Roundabout: Essays in History and Culture</i>. W.W. Norton. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-393-30994-2" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-393-30994-2"><bdi>978-0-393-30994-2</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=The+Paris+Years+of+Arcadio+Huang&rft.btitle=Chinese+Roundabout%3A+Essays+in+History+and+Culture&rft.pub=W.W.+Norton&rft.date=1993&rft.isbn=978-0-393-30994-2&rft.aulast=Spence&rft.aufirst=Jonathan+D.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DM7LAH8ggQvAC%26pg%3DPA356&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AArcadio+Huang" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li>Xu Minglong (2004) 许明龙 <i> Huang Jialüe yu zao qi Faguo Han xue</i> 黃嘉略与早期法囯汉学, Beijing: Zhonghua shuju.</li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist 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dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li li:first-child::before{content:" (";font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd li:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt li:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li li:last-child::after{content:")";font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol{counter-reset:listitem}.mw-parser-output .hlist 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.navbox td.hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ul{padding:0.125em 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbar{display:block;font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title .navbar{float:left;text-align:left;margin-right:0.5em}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .navbox-image img{max-width:none!important}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .navbox{display:none!important}}</style></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="French_sinologists" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239400231">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:114%;margin:0 7em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:114%;margin:0 4em}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:French_sinologists" title="Template:French sinologists"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:French_sinologists" title="Template talk:French sinologists"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:French_sinologists" title="Special:EditPage/Template:French sinologists"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="French_sinologists" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">French <a href="/wiki/Sinology" title="Sinology">sinologists</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Historical sinologists</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Arcade_Huang" class="mw-redirect" title="Arcade Huang">Arcade Huang</a> (1679–1716)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%C3%89tienne_Fourmont" title="Étienne Fourmont">Étienne Fourmont</a> (1683–1745)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stanislas_Julien" title="Stanislas Julien">Stanislas Julien</a> (1797–1873)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/S%C3%A9raphin_Couvreur" title="Séraphin Couvreur">Séraphin Couvreur</a> (1835–1919)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%C3%89douard_Chavannes" title="Édouard Chavannes">Édouard Chavannes</a> (1865–1918)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_Souli%C3%A9_de_Morant" title="George Soulié de Morant">George Soulié de Morant</a> (1878–1955)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Post-1900 sinologists</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Paul_Pelliot" title="Paul Pelliot">Paul Pelliot</a> (1878–1945)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Henri_Maspero" title="Henri Maspero">Henri Maspero</a> (1883–1945)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marcel_Granet" title="Marcel Granet">Marcel Granet</a> (1884–1940)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ren%C3%A9_Grousset" title="René Grousset">René Grousset</a> (1885–1952)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paul_Demi%C3%A9ville" title="Paul Demiéville">Paul Demiéville</a> (1894–1979)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%C3%89tienne_Balazs" title="Étienne Balazs">Étienne Balazs</a> (1905–1963)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yves_Hervouet" title="Yves Hervouet">Yves Hervouet</a> (1921–1999)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jacques_Gernet" title="Jacques Gernet">Jacques Gernet</a> (1921–2018)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Current sinologists</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/L%C3%A9on_Vandermeersch" title="Léon Vandermeersch">Léon Vandermeersch</a> (1928–)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jacques_Pimpaneau" title="Jacques Pimpaneau">Jacques Pimpaneau</a> (1934–)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pierre-%C3%89tienne_Will&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Pierre-Étienne Will (page does not exist)">Pierre-Étienne Will</a> (1944–)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Jean_Levi&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Jean Levi (page does not exist)">Jean Levi</a> (1948–)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Jean-Philippe_B%C3%A9ja&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Jean-Philippe Béja (page does not exist)">Jean-Philippe Béja</a> (1949–)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jo%C3%ABl_Bellassen" title="Joël Bellassen">Joël Bellassen</a> (1950–)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jos%C3%A9_Fr%C3%A8ches" title="José Frèches">José Frèches</a> (1950–)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fran%C3%A7ois_Jullien" title="François Jullien">François Jullien</a> (1951–)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marie_Holzman" title="Marie Holzman">Marie Holzman</a> (1952–)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anne_Cheng" title="Anne Cheng">Anne Cheng</a> (1955–)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div><a href="/wiki/%C3%89cole_fran%C3%A7aise_d%27Extr%C3%AAme-Orient" class="mw-redirect" title="École française d'Extrême-Orient">École française d'Extrême-Orient</a></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1130092004">.mw-parser-output .portal-bar{font-size:88%;font-weight:bold;display:flex;justify-content:center;align-items:baseline}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-bordered{padding:0 2em;background-color:#fdfdfd;border:1px solid #a2a9b1;clear:both;margin:1em auto 0}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-related{font-size:100%;justify-content:flex-start}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-unbordered{padding:0 1.7em;margin-left:0}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-header{margin:0 1em 0 0.5em;flex:0 0 auto;min-height:24px}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-content{display:flex;flex-flow:row wrap;flex:0 1 auto;padding:0.15em 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.navbox+style+.portal-bar-bordered,.mw-parser-output .sister-bar+link+.portal-bar,.mw-parser-output .sister-bar+style+.portal-bar,.mw-parser-output .portal-bar+.navbox-styles+.navbox,.mw-parser-output .portal-bar+.navbox-styles+.sister-bar{margin-top:-1px}</style><div class="portal-bar noprint metadata noviewer portal-bar-bordered" role="navigation" aria-label="Portals"><span class="portal-bar-header"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Contents/Portals" title="Wikipedia:Contents/Portals">Portals</a>:</span><ul class="portal-bar-content"><li class="portal-bar-item"><span class="nowrap"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="flag" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/c/c3/Flag_of_France.svg/21px-Flag_of_France.svg.png" decoding="async" width="21" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/c/c3/Flag_of_France.svg/32px-Flag_of_France.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/c/c3/Flag_of_France.svg/42px-Flag_of_France.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Portal:France" title="Portal:France">France</a></li><li class="portal-bar-item"><span class="nowrap"><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/6/69/P_vip.svg/19px-P_vip.svg.png" decoding="async" width="19" height="19" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/6/69/P_vip.svg/28px-P_vip.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/6/69/P_vip.svg/37px-P_vip.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1911" data-file-height="1944" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Portal:Biography" title="Portal:Biography">Biography</a></li></ul></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox authority-control" aria-labelledby="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2859909#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2859909#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Help:Authority_control" title="Help:Authority control">Authority control databases</a> <span class="mw-valign-text-top noprint" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2859909#identifiers" title="Edit this at Wikidata"><img alt="Edit this at Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></span></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">International</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://isni.org/isni/0000000100648526">ISNI</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://viaf.org/viaf/7391549">VIAF</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">National</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.loc.gov/authorities/n87131382">United States</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb11907580d">France</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://data.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb11907580d">BnF data</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://olduli.nli.org.il/F/?func=find-b&local_base=NLX10&find_code=UID&request=987007407968005171">Israel</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.idref.fr/02692286X">IdRef</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Retrieved from "<a dir="ltr" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Arcadio_Huang&oldid=1196110307">https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Arcadio_Huang&oldid=1196110307</a>"</div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface"><div 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