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searchaux" style="display:none">English bellfounder (c. 1670 – 1738)</div> <p class="mw-empty-elt"> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Bell_great_tom_of_westminster.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/Bell_great_tom_of_westminster.jpg/220px-Bell_great_tom_of_westminster.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="251" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/Bell_great_tom_of_westminster.jpg/330px-Bell_great_tom_of_westminster.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/8/8a/Bell_great_tom_of_westminster.jpg 2x" data-file-width="373" data-file-height="425" /></a><figcaption>A print depicting Great Tom, circa 1776</figcaption></figure> <p><b>Richard Phelps</b> (c.1670–1738) was born in <a href="/wiki/Avebury" title="Avebury">Avebury</a>, <a href="/wiki/Wiltshire" title="Wiltshire">Wiltshire</a>, <a href="/wiki/England" title="England">England</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-raven_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-raven-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page / location: 240">: 240 </span></sup><sup id="cite_ref-lukis_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-lukis-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page / location: 6">: 6 </span></sup> Phelps was a bellfounder, or a maker of bells, primarily for churches. He was master of the <a href="/wiki/Whitechapel_Bell_Foundry" title="Whitechapel Bell Foundry">Whitechapel Bell Foundry</a> in London from 1701 to 1738,<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and is best known for his large bell, Great Tom, in the steeple of <a href="/wiki/St_Paul%27s_Cathedral" title="St Paul's Cathedral">St Paul's Cathedral</a> in London, England. The foundry, in operation since at least 1570, was listed by the <i><a href="/wiki/Guinness_Book_of_Records" class="mw-redirect" title="Guinness Book of Records">Guinness Book of Records</a></i> as the oldest manufacturing company in Great Britain.<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Whitechapel_foundry_owner">Whitechapel foundry owner</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Richard_Phelps_(bellfounder)&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Whitechapel foundry owner"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Whitechapel_Bell_Foundry.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c2/Whitechapel_Bell_Foundry.jpg/220px-Whitechapel_Bell_Foundry.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="330" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c2/Whitechapel_Bell_Foundry.jpg/330px-Whitechapel_Bell_Foundry.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c2/Whitechapel_Bell_Foundry.jpg/440px-Whitechapel_Bell_Foundry.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3367" data-file-height="5057" /></a><figcaption>The Entrance to the Whitechapel Bell Foundry on Whitechapel Rd.</figcaption></figure> <p>Little is known of Phelps before he became owner of Whitechapel. He took over the foundry on the death of the former foundry owner James Bartlett in January, 1701.<sup id="cite_ref-raven_1-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-raven-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page / location: 240">: 240 </span></sup><sup id="cite_ref-ukhistory_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ukhistory-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Phelps remained as the head of the foundry for thirty-seven years, during which time the business grew to be the most successful in the kingdom.<sup id="cite_ref-ukhistory_5-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ukhistory-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The bells that the foundry made were installed in many locations across England. Among his most well-known bells used to be hung in the steeples of <a href="/wiki/St_Michael,_Cornhill" title="St Michael, Cornhill">St Michael-upon-Cornhill</a>; <a href="/wiki/St_Magnus-the-Martyr" class="mw-redirect" title="St Magnus-the-Martyr">St Magnus the Martyr</a>; <a href="/wiki/All_Hallows,_Lombard_Street" class="mw-redirect" title="All Hallows, Lombard Street">All Hallows, Lombard Street</a>; <a href="/wiki/St_Andrew,_Holborn" class="mw-redirect" title="St Andrew, Holborn">St Andrew, Holborn</a>; and <a href="/wiki/Great_St_Mary%27s" class="mw-redirect" title="Great St Mary's">Cambridge (Great St Mary's)</a>, and there is still a bell at <a href="/wiki/St_Paul%27s_Cathedral" title="St Paul's Cathedral">St Paul's Cathedral</a>. It was customary for bellfounders to add an inscription to their bells. Phelps’ inscriptions were typically much longer than his predecessors. For example, the following inscription used to appear on the tenth bell of St Michael-upon-Cornhill until it was recast in 2011: </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1244412712">.mw-parser-output .templatequote{overflow:hidden;margin:1em 0;padding:0 32px}.mw-parser-output .templatequotecite{line-height:1.5em;text-align:left;margin-top:0}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .templatequotecite{padding-left:1.6em}}</style><blockquote class="templatequote"><p>TO PRAYERS WE DO CALL ST MICHAEL’S PEOPLE ALL WE HONOUR TO THE KIND AND JOY TO BRIDES DO SING / TRIUMPHS WE LOUDLY TELL AND RING THE DEAD MANS KNELL<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></p></blockquote> <p>The Whitechapel foundry was very prosperous under the ownership of Richard Phelps. Lukis cites the inscription on the tenor bell at Avebury, Wilts, <i>Richard Phelps, London, Nat. par. hujus 1719</i> as indicating Phelps was born there.<sup id="cite_ref-lukis_2-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-lukis-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page / location: 149">: 149 </span></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Bells_for_St_Paul's_Cathedral"><span id="Bells_for_St_Paul.27s_Cathedral"></span>Bells for St Paul's Cathedral</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Richard_Phelps_(bellfounder)&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Bells for St Paul's Cathedral"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:South_west_tower_of_St_Paul%27s_Cathedral.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/91/South_west_tower_of_St_Paul%27s_Cathedral.jpg/220px-South_west_tower_of_St_Paul%27s_Cathedral.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="475" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/91/South_west_tower_of_St_Paul%27s_Cathedral.jpg/330px-South_west_tower_of_St_Paul%27s_Cathedral.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/91/South_west_tower_of_St_Paul%27s_Cathedral.jpg/440px-South_west_tower_of_St_Paul%27s_Cathedral.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4201" data-file-height="9070" /></a><figcaption>The South West Tower of <a href="/wiki/St_Paul%27s_Cathedral" title="St Paul's Cathedral">St Paul's Cathedral</a>, London, containing Great Paul (Bourdon), Great Tom (hour bell), and two quarter jacks</figcaption></figure> <p>Phelps’ most famous bell is Great Tom at St Paul's Cathedral in London, England. The history of this bell began long before Phelps’ involvement with it. In 1698, <a href="/wiki/William_III_of_England" title="William III of England">King William III</a> gave the bells from <a href="/wiki/St_Stephen%27s_Chapel" title="St Stephen's Chapel">St Stephen's Chapel</a> to the newly rebuilt St Paul’s. The largest of these bells was originally called <i>Edward I</i> or <i>Edward of Westminster</i>, and was later known as <i>Great Tom of Westminster</i>.<sup id="cite_ref-timbs_7-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-timbs-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The name "Great Tom" is thought to be a corruption of <i>grand ton</i>, referencing its deep, sonorous tone. It then weighed 82 long hundredweight (9,200 lb; 4,200 kg).<sup id="cite_ref-timbs_7-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-timbs-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 1699, while the bell was being moved to St Paul’s, it fell off its carriage and was cracked. Bell Yard at <a href="/wiki/Temple_Bar,_London" title="Temple Bar, London">Temple Bar</a> received its name from this event.<sup id="cite_ref-ridley_8-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ridley-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The bell remained in a shed in the yard of St Paul's Cathedral until 1708 when it was recast by Philip Wightman at a weight of approximately 73 long hundredweight (8,200 lb; 3,700 kg) and hung in the south west tower.<sup id="cite_ref-timbs_7-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-timbs-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The recasting was a failure. </p><p>In 1709, Richard Phelps cast a new bell, which was delivered to the Cathedral before the old one was taken away, but the new bell also failed.<sup id="cite_ref-ridley_8-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ridley-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Nine years later Phelps was given the job of recasting it once again. The present bell is described by Phelps’ successors Charles and George Mears as being 6 feet 9 inches (2.06 m) in diameter, 6 feet 4.5 inches (1.943 m) , and with thickness at sound bow 5.25 inches (133 mm), and weighing 76 long hundredweight (8,500 lb; 3,900 kg).<sup id="cite_ref-loves_9-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-loves-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The larger part of the metal of which it is made came from <i>Great Tom of Westminster</i>.<sup id="cite_ref-VLB_10-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-VLB-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It bears the inscription: </p> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1244412712" /><blockquote class="templatequote"><p>RICHARD PHELPS MADE ME. 1716.<sup id="cite_ref-loves_9-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-loves-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></p></blockquote> <p>The bell, which hangs in the South West Tower of the cathedral is “only used for tolling the hour, and for tolling at the death and funeral of a member of the royal family, the <a href="/wiki/Bishop_of_London" title="Bishop of London">Bishop of London</a>, the Dean of the Cathedral, or the <a href="/wiki/Lord_Mayor" class="mw-redirect" title="Lord Mayor">Lord Mayor</a>”.<sup id="cite_ref-VLB_10-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-VLB-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> An exception was made for the death of American President <a href="/wiki/James_Garfield" class="mw-redirect" title="James Garfield">James Garfield</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-world_and_its_people_11-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-world_and_its_people-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 1717, Richard Phelps cast two more bells that were added as <a href="/w/index.php?title=Quarter_jack&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Quarter jack (page does not exist)">quarter jacks</a>. Still in use today, the first weighs 13 long hundredweight (1,500 lb; 660 kg), is 41 inches (1,000 mm) in diameter and is tuned to A flat; the second weighs 35 long hundredweight (3,900 lb; 1,800 kg) and is 58 inches (1,500 mm) in diameter and is tuned to E flat. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Other_churches">Other churches</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Richard_Phelps_(bellfounder)&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Other churches"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>He cast a large number of bells for London churches, including the tenor bell at <a href="/wiki/St_Margaret%27s_Church,_West_Hoathly" title="St Margaret's Church, West Hoathly">St Margaret's Church</a> in <a href="/wiki/West_Hoathly" title="West Hoathly">West Hoathly</a>, <a href="/wiki/West_Sussex" title="West Sussex">West Sussex</a>, which is inscribed: </p> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1244412712" /><blockquote class="templatequote"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r920966791">.mw-parser-output span.smallcaps{font-variant:small-caps}.mw-parser-output span.smallcaps-smaller{font-size:85%}</style><p><span class="smallcaps">W. Griffeth, Vicar, Brinklow & T. Paine, Churchwardens. / R. Phelp made me 1712</span>  [<i><a href="/wiki/Sic" title="Sic">sic</a></i>].<sup id="cite_ref-SACv35p210_12-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-SACv35p210-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></p></blockquote> <p>On 5 September 1726, Richard Phelps and church wardens James Smith and Charles Ball of <a href="/wiki/St_Dionis_Backchurch" title="St Dionis Backchurch">St Dionis Backchurch</a> reached an agreement for a set of eight new bells and frames. Included in the deal was the exchange of the old bells. The agreement was later amended to include two more bells and frames.<sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-lovesdionis_14-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-lovesdionis-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The bells at <a href="/wiki/St_Magnus-the-Martyr" class="mw-redirect" title="St Magnus-the-Martyr">St Magnus the Martyr, London Bridge</a> were formed a ring of ten with a tenor of 21 long hundredweight (2,400 lb; 1,100 kg). Succeeding a ring of five, the back eight were cast in 1714 by Richard Phelps, ten years after the spire was built, and the trebles very soon after. These bells were scrapped in 1976.<sup id="cite_ref-lovesmagnus_15-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-lovesmagnus-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Last_bell_cast">Last bell cast</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Richard_Phelps_(bellfounder)&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Last bell cast"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The last bell bearing Phelps’ name was the priests’ bell at <a href="/wiki/St_George%27s_Cathedral,_Southwark" title="St George's Cathedral, Southwark">St George's Cathedral, Southwark</a> in <a href="/wiki/Southwark" title="Southwark">Southwark</a>, inscribed: </p> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1244412712" /><blockquote class="templatequote"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r920966791" /><p><span class="smallcaps">R. Phelps 1738 T. Lester Fecit</span></p></blockquote> <p>Phelps died in 1738, and the order for this bell was completed by his foreman Thomas Lester, to whom he bequeathed his business and the lease of the foundry.<sup id="cite_ref-ukhistory_5-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ukhistory-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Richard_Phelps_(bellfounder)&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1266661725">.mw-parser-output .portalbox{padding:0;margin:0.5em 0;display:table;box-sizing:border-box;max-width:175px;list-style:none}.mw-parser-output .portalborder{border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#a2a9b1);padding:0.1em;background:var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa)}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-entry{display:table-row;font-size:85%;line-height:110%;height:1.9em;font-style:italic;font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-image{display:table-cell;padding:0.2em;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-link{display:table-cell;padding:0.2em 0.2em 0.2em 0.3em;vertical-align:middle}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .portalleft{margin:0.5em 1em 0.5em 0}.mw-parser-output .portalright{clear:right;float:right;margin:0.5em 0 0.5em 1em}}</style><ul role="navigation" aria-label="Portals" class="noprint portalbox portalborder portalright"> <li class="portalbox-entry"><span class="portalbox-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/6/69/P_vip.svg/28px-P_vip.svg.png" decoding="async" width="28" height="28" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/6/69/P_vip.svg/41px-P_vip.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/6/69/P_vip.svg/55px-P_vip.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1911" data-file-height="1944" /></span></span></span><span class="portalbox-link"><a href="/wiki/Portal:Biography" title="Portal:Biography">Biography portal</a></span></li></ul> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Whitechapel_Bell_Foundry" title="Whitechapel Bell Foundry">Whitechapel Bell Foundry</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Richard_Phelps_(bellfounder)&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist reflist-columns references-column-width reflist-columns-2"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-raven-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-raven_1-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-raven_1-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFRaven1907" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/John_James_Raven" title="John James Raven">Raven, John James</a> (1907). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/bellsengland00ravegoog"><i>The Bells of England</i></a> (2 ed.). Methuen.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Bells+of+England&rft.edition=2&rft.pub=Methuen&rft.date=1907&rft.aulast=Raven&rft.aufirst=John+James&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fbellsengland00ravegoog&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARichard+Phelps+%28bellfounder%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-lukis-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-lukis_2-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-lukis_2-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFLukis1857" class="citation book cs1">Lukis, William Collings (1857). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=ALcNAAAAIAAJ"><i>An Account of Church Bells: With Some Notices of Wiltshire Bells and Bell Founders</i></a>. J. H. Parker. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180126184624/https://books.google.com/books?id=ALcNAAAAIAAJ">Archived</a> from the original on 26 January 2018<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">27 January</span> 2009</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=An+Account+of+Church+Bells%3A+With+Some+Notices+of+Wiltshire+Bells+and+Bell+Founders&rft.pub=J.+H.+Parker&rft.date=1857&rft.aulast=Lukis&rft.aufirst=William+Collings&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DALcNAAAAIAAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARichard+Phelps+%28bellfounder%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.tower-bridge.org.uk/bells.htm">John Rennie - <i>Bells that tolled across the world</i></a> accessed 21 May 2007</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.whitechapelbellfoundry.co.uk/foundry.htm">"Foundry History"</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110514211352/http://www.whitechapelbellfoundry.co.uk/foundry.htm">Archived</a> from the original on 14 May 2011<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">21 May</span> 2007</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Foundry+History&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.whitechapelbellfoundry.co.uk%2Ffoundry.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARichard+Phelps+%28bellfounder%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-ukhistory-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-ukhistory_5-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-ukhistory_5-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-ukhistory_5-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.british-history.ac.uk/report.aspx?compid=22170">"<i>Industries: Bell-founders</i>, A History of the County of Middlesex: Volume 2: General; Ashford, East Bedfont with Hatton, Feltham, Hampton with Hampton Wick, Hanworth, Laleham, Littleton"</a>. 1911. pp. <span class="nowrap">165–</span>168. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110526055252/http://www.british-history.ac.uk/report.aspx?compid=22170">Archived</a> from the original on 26 May 2011<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">25 January</span> 2009</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Industries%3A+Bell-founders%2C+A+History+of+the+County+of+Middlesex%3A+Volume+2%3A+General%3B+Ashford%2C+East+Bedfont+with+Hatton%2C+Feltham%2C+Hampton+with+Hampton+Wick%2C+Hanworth%2C+Laleham%2C+Littleton&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E165-%3C%2Fspan%3E168&rft.date=1911&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.british-history.ac.uk%2Freport.aspx%3Fcompid%3D22170&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARichard+Phelps+%28bellfounder%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Love, Dickon R. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://london.lovesguide.com/michael_cornhill.htm">“Church Bells of the City of London: St Michael-upon-Cornhill”</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20081231164445/http://london.lovesguide.com/michael_cornhill.htm">Archived</a> 31 December 2008 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> Retrieved 18 Sept 2012</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-timbs-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-timbs_7-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-timbs_7-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-timbs_7-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFTimbs1868" class="citation book cs1">Timbs, John (1868). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/curiositieslond00timbgoog"><i>Curiosities of London: Exhibiting the Most Rare and Remarkable Objects of Interest in the Metropolis; with Nearly Sixty Years' Personal Recollections</i></a>. London: Longmans, Green, Reader, and Dyer. p. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/curiositieslond00timbgoog/page/n61">45</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Curiosities+of+London%3A+Exhibiting+the+Most+Rare+and+Remarkable+Objects+of+Interest+in+the+Metropolis%3B+with+Nearly+Sixty+Years%27+Personal+Recollections&rft.place=London&rft.pages=45&rft.pub=Longmans%2C+Green%2C+Reader%2C+and+Dyer&rft.date=1868&rft.aulast=Timbs&rft.aufirst=John&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fcuriositieslond00timbgoog&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARichard+Phelps+%28bellfounder%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-ridley-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-ridley_8-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-ridley_8-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFRidley2003" class="citation web cs1">Ridley, Christopher J. (December 2003). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ascy.org.uk/articles/great_tom_of_westminster.htm">"Great Tom of Westminster"</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20090517085301/http://www.ascy.org.uk/articles/great_tom_of_westminster.htm">Archived</a> from the original on 17 May 2009<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">26 January</span> 2009</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Great+Tom+of+Westminster&rft.date=2003-12&rft.aulast=Ridley&rft.aufirst=Christopher+J.&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ascy.org.uk%2Farticles%2Fgreat_tom_of_westminster.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARichard+Phelps+%28bellfounder%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-loves-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-loves_9-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-loves_9-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFLove" class="citation web cs1">Love, Dickon R. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://london.lovesguide.com/paul_cathedral_sw.htm">"St. Paul's Cathedral: North-west Tower"</a>. <i>Church Bells of the City of London</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20090112072505/http://london.lovesguide.com/paul_cathedral_sw.htm">Archived</a> from the original on 12 January 2009<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">28 January</span> 2009</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Church+Bells+of+the+City+of+London&rft.atitle=St.+Paul%27s+Cathedral%3A+North-west+Tower&rft.aulast=Love&rft.aufirst=Dickon+R&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Flondon.lovesguide.com%2Fpaul_cathedral_sw.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARichard+Phelps+%28bellfounder%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-VLB-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-VLB_10-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-VLB_10-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.victorianlondon.org/buildings/stpaulscathedral.htm">"Victorian London — Buildings, Monuments and Museums — St. Paul's Cathedral"</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20080720032820/http://www.victorianlondon.org/buildings/stpaulscathedral.htm">Archived</a> from the original on 20 July 2008<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">18 June</span> 2008</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Victorian+London+%E2%80%94+Buildings%2C+Monuments+and+Museums+%E2%80%94+St.+Paul%27s+Cathedral&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.victorianlondon.org%2Fbuildings%2Fstpaulscathedral.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARichard+Phelps+%28bellfounder%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-world_and_its_people-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-world_and_its_people_11-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFDunton1896" class="citation book cs1">Dunton, Larkin (1896). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/worldanditspeop05duntgoog"><i>The World and Its People</i></a>. Silver, Burdett. p. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/worldanditspeop05duntgoog/page/n34">26</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+World+and+Its+People&rft.pages=26&rft.pub=Silver%2C+Burdett&rft.date=1896&rft.aulast=Dunton&rft.aufirst=Larkin&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fworldanditspeop05duntgoog&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARichard+Phelps+%28bellfounder%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-SACv35p210-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-SACv35p210_12-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFHannah1935" class="citation journal cs1">Hannah, Ian C. (1935). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.5284%2F1086642">"West Hoathly Church"</a>. <i>Sussex Archaeological Collections</i>. <b>35</b>. Oxford: <a href="/wiki/Sussex_Archaeological_Society" title="Sussex Archaeological Society">Sussex Archaeological Society</a>/<a href="/wiki/Oxford_University_Press" title="Oxford University Press">Oxford University Press</a>: 210. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.5284%2F1086642">10.5284/1086642</a></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Sussex+Archaeological+Collections&rft.atitle=West+Hoathly+Church&rft.volume=35&rft.pages=210&rft.date=1935&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.5284%2F1086642&rft.aulast=Hannah&rft.aufirst=Ian+C.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fdoi.org%2F10.5284%252F1086642&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARichard+Phelps+%28bellfounder%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-13">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation book cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=8GAEAAAAYAAJ&pg=PA501"><i>Notes and Queries</i></a>. Oxford University Press. 1877. p. 501. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180126184624/https://books.google.com/books?id=8GAEAAAAYAAJ&pg=PA501">Archived</a> from the original on 26 January 2018<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">7 August</span> 2014</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Notes+and+Queries&rft.pages=501&rft.pub=Oxford+University+Press&rft.date=1877&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D8GAEAAAAYAAJ%26pg%3DPA501&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARichard+Phelps+%28bellfounder%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-lovesdionis-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-lovesdionis_14-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFLove" class="citation web cs1">Love, Dickon R. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://london.lovesguide.com/dionis_backchurch.htm">"St. Dionis, Backchurch, Lime Street"</a>. <i>Church Bells of the City of London</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20080529165324/http://london.lovesguide.com/dionis_backchurch.htm">Archived</a> from the original on 29 May 2008<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">18 June</span> 2008</span>. <q>The new ring of 10 bells was purchased for £479.8s from Richard Phelps. They were hung in a new anti-clockwise oak frame. A chiming machine was installed to play on all 10 bells at 3, 6, 9 and 12 o'clock every day. The clock struck quarters on the 3rd, 4th, 5th and 6th bells with the hour on the tenor, repeated on the saints bell.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Church+Bells+of+the+City+of+London&rft.atitle=St.+Dionis%2C+Backchurch%2C+Lime+Street&rft.aulast=Love&rft.aufirst=Dickon+R&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Flondon.lovesguide.com%2Fdionis_backchurch.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARichard+Phelps+%28bellfounder%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-lovesmagnus-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-lovesmagnus_15-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFLove" class="citation web cs1">Love, Dickon R. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://london.lovesguide.com/magnus_martyr.htm">"Churchbells of the City of London, St. Magnus-the-Martyr"</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20080529023213/http://london.lovesguide.com/magnus_martyr.htm">Archived</a> from the original on 29 May 2008<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">18 June</span> 2008</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Churchbells+of+the+City+of+London%2C+St.+Magnus-the-Martyr&rft.aulast=Love&rft.aufirst=Dickon+R&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Flondon.lovesguide.com%2Fmagnus_martyr.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARichard+Phelps+%28bellfounder%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Richard_Phelps_(bellfounder)&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.whitechapelbellfoundry.co.uk/">Whitechapel Bell Foundry</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.gcna.org/data/Weights.html">Bell Weights</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.gcna.org/data/IXfoundryWhitechapel.html">Index to carillons and chimes by Whitechapel</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://london.lovesguide.com/index.htm">Love’s Guide to Church Bells of the City of London</a></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFRoss1911" class="citation encyclopaedia cs1">Ross, Hugh Munro (1911). <span class="cs1-ws-icon" title="s:1911 Encyclopædia Britannica/Bell"><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/1911_Encyclop%C3%A6dia_Britannica/Bell">"Bell" </a></span>. <i><a href="/wiki/Encyclop%C3%A6dia_Britannica_Eleventh_Edition" title="Encyclopædia Britannica Eleventh Edition">Encyclopædia Britannica</a></i>. Vol. 3 (11th ed.). pp. <span class="nowrap">387–</span>392.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Bell&rft.btitle=Encyclop%C3%A6dia+Britannica&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E387-%3C%2Fspan%3E392&rft.edition=11th&rft.date=1911&rft.aulast=Ross&rft.aufirst=Hugh+Munro&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARichard+Phelps+%28bellfounder%29" class="Z3988"></span></li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output 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.mw-parser-output .navbox{display:none!important}}</style></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Bells111" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374" /><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239400231">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:114%;margin:0 7em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:114%;margin:0 4em}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Bells" title="Template:Bells"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Bells" title="Template talk:Bells"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Bells" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Bells"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Bells111" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Bell" title="Bell">Bells</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Background and <br />terminology</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bell" title="Bell">Bell</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bell-cot" title="Bell-cot">Bell-cot</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bellfounding" title="Bellfounding">Bellfounding</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bell-gable" title="Bell-gable">Bell-gable</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bell_pattern" title="Bell pattern">Bell pattern</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bell_tower" title="Bell tower">Bell tower / Campanile</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bell-ringer" title="Bell-ringer">Bell-ringer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bell_shrine" title="Bell shrine">Bell shrine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Belfry_(architecture)" class="mw-redirect" title="Belfry (architecture)">Belfry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bourdon_(bell)" title="Bourdon (bell)">Bourdon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Campanology" title="Campanology">Campanology</a> (<a href="/wiki/Index_of_campanology_articles" title="Index of campanology articles">index</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peal" title="Peal">Peal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ring_of_bells" title="Ring of bells">Ring of bells</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Strike_tone" title="Strike tone">Strike tone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Striking_clock" title="Striking clock">Striking clock</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zvonnitsa" title="Zvonnitsa">Zvonnitsa</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Types</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Agog%C3%B4" title="Agogô">Agogô</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Altar_bell" title="Altar bell">Altar bell</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aluphone" title="Aluphone">Aluphone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Babendil" title="Babendil">Babendil</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bell_tree" title="Bell tree">Bell tree</a></li> <li><span title="Chinese-language romanization"><i lang="zh-Latn"><a href="/wiki/Bianzhong" title="Bianzhong">Bianzhong</a></i></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bicycle_bell" title="Bicycle bell">Bicycle bell</a></li> <li><span title="Chinese-language romanization"><i lang="zh-Latn"><a href="/wiki/Bonsh%C5%8D" title="Bonshō">Bonshō</a></i></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Call_bell" title="Call bell">Call bell</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cat_bell" title="Cat bell">Cat bell</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Church_bell" title="Church bell">Church bell</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cowbell_(instrument)" title="Cowbell (instrument)">Cowbell</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Crotal_bell" title="Crotal bell">Crotal bell</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dead_bell" title="Dead bell">Dead bell</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Doorbell" title="Doorbell">Doorbell</a></li> <li><span title="Japanese-language romanization"><i lang="ja-Latn"><a href="/wiki/D%C5%8Dtaku" title="Dōtaku">Dōtaku</a></i></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ghanta" title="Ghanta">Ghanta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Handbell" title="Handbell">Handbell</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jingle_bell" title="Jingle bell">Jingle bell</a></li> <li><span title="Japanese-language romanization"><i lang="ja-Latn"><a href="/wiki/Kane_(instrument)" title="Kane (instrument)">Kane</a></i></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mini-ring" title="Mini-ring">Mini-ring</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ship%27s_bell" title="Ship's bell">Ship's bell</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Servant_bell" title="Servant bell">Servant bell</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Standing_bell" title="Standing bell">Standing bell</a></li> <li><span title="Japanese-language romanization"><i lang="ja-Latn"><a href="/wiki/Suzu_(bell)" title="Suzu (bell)">Suzu</a></i></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tintinnabulum" title="Tintinnabulum">Tintinnabulum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tubular_bells" title="Tubular bells">Tubular bells</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Ringing styles</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>Chiming <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Carillon" title="Carillon">Carillon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chime_(bell_instrument)" title="Chime (bell instrument)">Chime</a></li> <li><span title="Italian-language text"><i lang="it"><a href="/wiki/Canpan%C3%B2" title="Canpanò">Canpanò</a></i></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ellacombe_apparatus" title="Ellacombe apparatus">Ellacombe apparatus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Russian_Orthodox_bell_ringing" title="Russian Orthodox bell ringing">Russian Orthodox bell ringing</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Blagovest" title="Blagovest">Blagovest</a></li></ul></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Full_circle_ringing" title="Full circle ringing">Full circle ringing</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Change_ringing" title="Change ringing">Change ringing</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Call_changes" title="Call changes">Call changes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Method_ringing" title="Method ringing">Method ringing</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bolognese_bell_ringing" title="Bolognese bell ringing">Bolognese bell ringing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Veronese_bell_ringing" title="Veronese bell ringing">Veronese bell ringing</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Notable bells</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_heaviest_bells" title="List of heaviest bells">List of heaviest bells</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Balangiga_bells" title="Balangiga bells">Balangiga bells</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bell_of_Good_Luck" title="Bell of Good Luck">Bell of Good Luck</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bell_of_King_Seongdeok" title="Bell of King Seongdeok">Bell of King Seongdeok</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Big_Ben" title="Big Ben">Big Ben</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Freedom_Bell" title="Freedom Bell">Freedom Bell</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Great_Bell_of_Dhammazedi" title="Great Bell of Dhammazedi">Great Bell of Dhammazedi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Great_Tom_(bell)" class="mw-redirect" title="Great Tom (bell)">Great Tom</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ivan_the_Great_Bell_Tower" title="Ivan the Great Bell Tower">Ivan the Great Bell Tower</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Japanese_Peace_Bell" title="Japanese Peace Bell">Japanese Peace Bell</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Justice_Bell_(Valley_Forge)" title="Justice Bell (Valley Forge)">Justice Bell</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Liberty_Bell" title="Liberty Bell">Liberty Bell</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maria_Gloriosa" title="Maria Gloriosa">Maria Gloriosa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mingun_Bell" title="Mingun Bell">Mingun Bell</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bells_of_Notre-Dame_de_Paris" title="Bells of Notre-Dame de Paris">Bells of Notre-Dame de Paris</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Olympic_Bell" title="Olympic Bell">Olympic Bell</a></li> <li><span title="German-language text"><i lang="de"><a href="/wiki/Petersglocke" title="Petersglocke">Petersglocke</a></i></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sigismund_Bell" class="mw-redirect" title="Sigismund Bell">Sigismund Bell</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Swan_Bells" title="Swan Bells">Swan Bells</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Temple_Bell_(Boston)" title="Temple Bell (Boston)"><i>Temple Bell</i> (Boston)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tsar_Bell" title="Tsar Bell">Tsar Bell</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/World_Peace_Bell_Association" title="World Peace Bell Association">World Peace Bells</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/World_Peace_Bell_(Newport,_Kentucky)" title="World Peace Bell (Newport, Kentucky)">Kentucky</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Big_Bell_Temple" title="Big Bell Temple">Yongle Big Bell</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Bell founders <br />and foundries</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bergholtz_Bellfoundry&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Bergholtz Bellfoundry (page does not exist)">Bergholtz</a><span class="noprint" style="font-size:85%; font-style: normal;"> [<a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bergholtz_klockgjuteri" class="extiw" title="sv:Bergholtz klockgjuteri">sv</a>]</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bilbie_family" title="Bilbie family">Bilbie family</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Andrey_Chokhov" title="Andrey Chokhov">Andrey Chokhov</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Edward_Cockey#Origins_of_the_family" title="Edward Cockey">Cockey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Royal_Eijsbouts_bell_foundry" title="Royal Eijsbouts bell foundry">Royal Eijsbouts</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kashpir_Ganusov" title="Kashpir Ganusov">Kashpir Ganusov</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vanden_Gheyn" class="mw-redirect" title="Vanden Gheyn">Vanden Gheyn</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gillett_%26_Johnston" title="Gillett & Johnston">Gillett & Johnston</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Grassmayr_Bell_Foundry" title="Grassmayr Bell Foundry">Grassmayr</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Miles_Graye" title="Miles Graye">Miles Graye</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hatch_bell_foundry" title="Hatch bell foundry">Hatch</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pieter_and_Fran%C3%A7ois_Hemony" title="Pieter and François Hemony">Pieter and François Hemony</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christopher_Hodson_(bell-founder)" class="mw-redirect" title="Christopher Hodson (bell-founder)">Christopher Hodson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Franciscus_Illenfeld" title="Franciscus Illenfeld">Franciscus Illenfeld</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Juutila_Foundry" title="Juutila Foundry">Juutila</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pontificia_Fonderia_Marinelli" title="Pontificia Fonderia Marinelli">Marinelli</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/McShane_Bell_Foundry" title="McShane Bell Foundry">McShane</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Meneely_Bell_Foundry" class="mw-redirect" title="Meneely Bell Foundry">Meneely</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Murphy_(bellfounder)" title="John Murphy (bellfounder)">John Murphy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Olsen_Nauen_Bell_Foundry" title="Olsen Nauen Bell Foundry">Olsen Nauen</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Glockengie%C3%9Ferei_Otto&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Glockengießerei Otto (page does not exist)">Glockengießerei Otto</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fonderie_Paccard" title="Fonderie Paccard">Paccard</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Petit_%26_Fritsen" title="Petit & Fritsen">Petit & Fritsen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Richard_Phelps_(bell-founder)" class="mw-redirect" title="Richard Phelps (bell-founder)">Richard Phelps</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rudhall_of_Gloucester" title="Rudhall of Gloucester">Rudhall</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_and_William_Rufford" title="John and William Rufford">John and William Rufford</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Saarlouiser_Glockengie%C3%9Ferei&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Saarlouiser Glockengießerei (page does not exist)">Saarlouiser Glockengießerei</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Schilling_(bellfounder_family)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Schilling (bellfounder family) (page does not exist)">Schilling</a><span class="noprint" style="font-size:85%; font-style: normal;"> [<a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Schilling_(Glockengie%C3%9Ferfamilie)" class="extiw" title="de:Schilling (Glockengießerfamilie)">de</a>]</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Taylor_%26_Co" title="John Taylor & Co">Taylor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hugh_Watts_(bellfounder)" title="Hugh Watts (bellfounder)">Hugh Watts</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Warner_%26_Sons" title="John Warner & Sons">Warner</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Whitechapel_Bell_Foundry" title="Whitechapel Bell Foundry">Whitechapel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Geert_van_Wou" title="Geert van Wou">Geert van Wou</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Related</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Dove%27s_Guide_for_Church_Bell_Ringers" title="Dove's Guide for Church Bell Ringers">Dove's Guide for Church Bell Ringers</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Glockenmuseum_Stiftskirche_Herrenberg" title="Glockenmuseum Stiftskirche Herrenberg">Glockenmuseum Stiftskirche Herrenberg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Liberty_Bell_Memorial_Museum" title="Liberty Bell Memorial Museum">Liberty Bell Memorial Museum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Liberty_Bell_Museum" title="Liberty Bell Museum">Liberty Bell Museum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Bell_Festival" title="National Bell Festival">National Bell Festival</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_bell_ringing_organizations" title="List of bell ringing organizations">Ringing organizations</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Freedom_Bell,_American_Legion" title="Freedom Bell, American Legion">Freedom Bell, American Legion</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/All_the_Bells" title="All the Bells">All the Bells</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?useformat=desktop&type=1x1&usesul3=0" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Retrieved from "<a dir="ltr" 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