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href="#在宋朝的待遇"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>在宋朝的待遇</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-在宋朝的待遇-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-太平天国时期" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#太平天国时期"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>太平天国时期</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-太平天国时期-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-援助中国犹太人协会" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#援助中国犹太人协会"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>援助中国犹太人协会</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-援助中国犹太人协会-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-中国古代对开封犹太人及其宗教的称呼" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#中国古代对开封犹太人及其宗教的称呼"> <div 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class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-近期研究的其他觀點" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#近期研究的其他觀點"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7.1</span> <span>近期研究的其他觀點</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-近期研究的其他觀點-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-今日开封犹太人" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#今日开封犹太人"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>今日开封犹太人</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-今日开封犹太人-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-注释" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#注释"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9</span> <span>注释</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-注释-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-參考文獻" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#參考文獻"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">10</span> <span>參考文獻</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-參考文獻-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-其他条目" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#其他条目"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">11</span> <span>其他条目</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-其他条目-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-外部链接" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#外部链接"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">12</span> <span>外部链接</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-外部链接-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="目录" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="开关目录" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">开关目录</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">开封犹太人</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="前往另一种语言写成的文章。15种语言可用" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-15" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">15种语言</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Iddewon_Kaifeng" title="Iddewon Kaifeng – 威尔士语" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="Iddewon Kaifeng" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="威尔士语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cymraeg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en mw-list-item"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kaifeng_Jews" title="Kaifeng Jews – 英语" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="Kaifeng Jews" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="英语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jud%C3%ADos_de_Kaifeng" title="Judíos de Kaifeng – 西班牙语" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Judíos de Kaifeng" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="西班牙语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DB%8C%D9%87%D9%88%D8%AF%DB%8C%D8%A7%D9%86_%DA%A9%D8%A7%DB%8C%D9%81%D9%86%DA%AF" title="یهودیان کایفنگ – 波斯语" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="یهودیان کایفنگ" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="波斯语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kaifengin_juutalaiset" title="Kaifengin juutalaiset – 芬兰语" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Kaifengin juutalaiset" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="芬兰语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%99%D7%94%D7%93%D7%95%D7%AA_%D7%A7%D7%90%D7%99%D7%A4%D7%A0%D7%92" title="יהדות קאיפנג – 希伯来语" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="יהדות קאיפנג" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="希伯来语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yahudi_Kaifeng" title="Yahudi Kaifeng – 印度尼西亚语" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Yahudi Kaifeng" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="印度尼西亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E9%96%8B%E5%B0%81%E3%81%AE%E3%83%A6%E3%83%80%E3%83%A4%E4%BA%BA" title="開封のユダヤ人 – 日语" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="開封のユダヤ人" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="日语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EC%B9%B4%EC%9D%B4%ED%8E%91_%EC%9C%A0%EB%8C%80%EC%9D%B8" title="카이펑 유대인 – 韩语" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="카이펑 유대인" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="韩语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kaifengj%C3%B8dene" title="Kaifengjødene – 书面挪威语" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Kaifengjødene" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="书面挪威语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pnb mw-list-item"><a href="https://pnb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%A9%D8%A7%D8%A6%D9%81%DB%8C%D9%86%DA%AF_%DB%8C%DB%81%D9%88%D8%AF" title="کائفینگ یہود – Western Punjabi" lang="pnb" hreflang="pnb" data-title="کائفینگ یہود" data-language-autonym="پنجابی" data-language-local-name="Western Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پنجابی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%95%D0%B2%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%B8_%D0%9A%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%8F" title="Евреи Китая – 俄语" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Евреи Китая" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="俄语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%8A%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A7%E0%B8%A2%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%A7%E0%B9%84%E0%B8%84%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%9F%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%87" title="ชาวยิวไคเฟิง – 泰语" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="ชาวยิวไคเฟิง" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="泰语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%A9%D8%A7%D8%A6%D9%81%DB%8C%D9%86%DA%AF_%DB%8C%DB%81%D9%88%D8%AF" title="کائفینگ یہود – 乌尔都语" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="کائفینگ یہود" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="乌尔都语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>اردو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E9%96%8B%E5%B0%81%E7%8C%B6%E5%A4%AA%E4%BA%BA" title="開封猶太人 – 吴语" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="開封猶太人" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="吴语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>吴语</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q2167231#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="编辑跨语言链接" class="wbc-editpage">编辑链接</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="命名空间"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-nstab-main" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a 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</div> </nav> </div> </div> <div id="bodyContent" class="vector-body" aria-labelledby="firstHeading" data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">维基百科，自由的百科全书</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="zh" dir="ltr"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r83732082">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox-header,body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox-subheader,body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox-above,body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox-title,body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox-image,body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data,body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox-below{text-align:center}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox td div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:transparent!important;color:var(--color-base,#202122)}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox td div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:transparent!important;color:var(--color-base,#202122)}}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox td div.NavHead:not(.notheme)[style]{background:transparent!important}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox td div.NavHead:not(.notheme)[style]{background:transparent!important}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox vcard"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above fn"><span class="fn org">开封犹太人<br /> (יהודי קייפנג <i>Yehude Kaifeng</i>)</span></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Jews_of_Kai-Fung-Foo,_China.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e3/Jews_of_Kai-Fung-Foo%2C_China.jpg/200px-Jews_of_Kai-Fung-Foo%2C_China.jpg" decoding="async" width="200" height="250" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/e/e3/Jews_of_Kai-Fung-Foo%2C_China.jpg 1.5x" data-file-width="286" data-file-height="357" /></a></span><div class="infobox-caption">开封犹太人，十九世紀晚期或二十世紀早期。</div></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background-color: #b0c4de;;">分佈地區</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" style="">1,000 (estimate)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="font-weight: normal;;"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg/22px-Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg/33px-Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg/44px-Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%AD%E5%9B%BD" class="mw-redirect" title="中国">中國</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style="">600–1,000<sup id="cite_ref-pop_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-pop-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="font-weight: normal;;"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d4/Flag_of_Israel.svg/22px-Flag_of_Israel.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d4/Flag_of_Israel.svg/33px-Flag_of_Israel.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d4/Flag_of_Israel.svg/44px-Flag_of_Israel.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1100" data-file-height="800" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/%E4%BB%A5%E8%89%B2%E5%88%97" title="以色列">以色列</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style="">100–200 <sup id="cite_ref-pop_1-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-pop-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background-color: #b0c4de;;">語言</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" style=""><a href="/wiki/%E6%BC%A2%E8%AA%9E" class="mw-redirect" title="漢語">漢語</a><a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%AD%E5%8E%9F%E5%AE%98%E8%AF%9D" title="中原官话">中原官话</a><a href="/wiki/%E9%83%91%E5%BC%80%E7%89%87" title="郑开片">郑开片</a>為主，夾雜<a href="/wiki/%E5%B8%8C%E4%BC%AF%E6%9D%A5%E8%AF%AD" title="希伯来语">希伯来语</a>或古猶太波斯語</td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background-color: #b0c4de;;">宗教信仰</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" style=""><a href="/wiki/%E7%8C%B6%E5%A4%AA%E6%95%99" class="mw-redirect" title="猶太教">猶太教</a></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background-color: #b0c4de;;">相关族群</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" style=""><a href="/wiki/%E6%BC%A2%E6%97%8F" class="mw-redirect" title="漢族">漢族</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E6%B3%A2%E6%96%AF%E7%8C%B6%E5%A4%AA%E4%BA%BA" title="波斯猶太人">波斯猶太人</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E5%A1%9E%E6%B3%95%E8%BF%AA%E7%8A%B9%E5%A4%AA%E4%BA%BA" title="塞法迪犹太人">塞法迪猶太人</a></td></tr></tbody></table><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r84265675">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist 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.sidebar-heading,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-above,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-below{background:inherit!important;color:inherit!important;border-color:#54595d!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sidebar a:not(.new):not(.mw-selflink):link{color:var(--color-progressive)!important}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-list-title,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-subgroup,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-pretitle,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-title,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-title-with-pretitle,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-heading,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-above,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-below{background:inherit!important;color:inherit!important;border-color:#54595d!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sidebar a:not(.new):not(.mw-selflink):link{color:var(--color-progressive)!important}}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .sidebar{display:none!important}}</style><table class="sidebar sidebar-collapse nomobile nowraplinks" style="width:17.0em;"><tbody><tr><td class="sidebar-pretitle"><a href="/wiki/Category:%E7%8C%B6%E5%A4%AA" title="Category:猶太">系列</a>条目</td></tr><tr><th class="sidebar-title-with-pretitle" style="padding:0 0.2em; font-size:180%; font-weight:bold;"><a href="/wiki/%E7%8A%B9%E5%A4%AA%E4%BA%BA" title="犹太人">犹太人</a><small>和</small><a href="/wiki/%E7%8A%B9%E5%A4%AA%E6%95%99" title="犹太教">犹太教</a></th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-image"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Star_of_David.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Star of David"><img alt="Star of David" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/49/Star_of_David.svg/55px-Star_of_David.svg.png" decoding="async" width="55" height="64" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/49/Star_of_David.svg/83px-Star_of_David.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/49/Star_of_David.svg/110px-Star_of_David.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="693" /></a></span><span style="padding-left: 15px;"> </span><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Menora.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Menorah"><img alt="Menorah" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/83/Menora.svg/55px-Menora.svg.png" decoding="async" width="55" height="47" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/83/Menora.svg/83px-Menora.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/83/Menora.svg/110px-Menora.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="732" data-file-height="621" /></a></span></td></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content" style="padding:0px 5px 5px 5px;"> <a href="/wiki/%E7%8A%B9%E5%A4%AA%E4%BA%BA" title="犹太人">詞源</a><span style="white-space:nowrap; font-weight:bold;"> ·</span> <a href="/wiki/%E8%B0%81%E6%98%AF%E7%8A%B9%E5%A4%AA%E4%BA%BA%EF%BC%9F" title="谁是犹太人？">谁是犹太人？</a><span style="white-space:nowrap; font-weight:bold;"> ·</span> <a href="/wiki/%E7%8A%B9%E5%A4%AA%E6%96%87%E5%8C%96" title="犹太文化">文化</a></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="color:#0645AD; font-weight:normal; border-top:1px solid #aaa; background:transparent; text-align:left; padding-left:5px; padding-top:3px;">先祖</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"><a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%9E%E4%BC%AF%E6%8B%89%E7%BD%95" title="亞伯拉罕">亞伯拉罕</a><span style="white-space:nowrap; font-weight:bold;"> ·</span> <a href="/wiki/%E4%BB%A5%E6%92%92" title="以撒">以撒</a><span style="white-space:nowrap; font-weight:bold;"> ·</span> <a href="/wiki/%E9%9B%85%E5%90%84_(%E8%88%8A%E7%B4%84%E8%81%96%E7%B6%93)" title="雅各 (舊約聖經)">雅各</a><br /><a href="/wiki/%E7%B4%84%E7%91%9F_(%E8%88%8A%E7%B4%84%E8%81%96%E7%B6%93)" title="約瑟 (舊約聖經)">約瑟</a><span style="white-space:nowrap; font-weight:bold;"> ·</span> <a href="/wiki/%E6%91%A9%E8%A5%BF" title="摩西">摩西</a><span style="white-space:nowrap; font-weight:bold;"> ·</span> <a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%A7%E8%A1%9B%E7%8E%8B" title="大衛王">大衛</a><span style="white-space:nowrap; font-weight:bold;"> ·</span> <a href="/wiki/%E6%89%80%E7%BE%85%E9%96%80" title="所羅門">所羅門</a></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="color:#0645AD; font-weight:normal; border-top:1px solid #aaa; background:transparent; text-align:left; padding-left:5px; padding-top:3px;">历史</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"><a href="/wiki/%E7%8A%B9%E5%A4%AA%E4%BA%BA%E5%8E%86%E5%8F%B2" title="犹太人历史">犹太人历史</a>／<a href="/wiki/%E4%BB%A5%E8%89%B2%E5%88%97%E5%8E%86%E5%8F%B2" title="以色列历史">以色列历史</a><br /><a href="/wiki/%E4%BB%A5%E8%89%B2%E5%88%97%E4%BA%BA" title="以色列人">以色列人</a>／<a href="/wiki/%E4%BB%A5%E8%89%B2%E5%88%97%E5%8D%81%E4%BA%8C%E6%94%AF%E6%B4%BE" title="以色列十二支派">十二支派</a><br /><a href="/wiki/%E4%BB%A5%E8%89%B2%E5%88%97%E7%8E%8B%E5%9C%8B_(%E5%89%8D%E6%9C%9F)" title="以色列王國 (前期)">以色列王國</a><br /><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/%E4%BB%A5%E8%89%B2%E5%88%97%E7%8E%8B%E5%9C%8B_(%E5%BE%8C%E6%9C%9F)" title="以色列王國 (後期)">北國以色列</a></span> <span class="nowrap">→ <a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%B1%E8%B9%A4%E7%9A%84%E4%BB%A5%E8%89%B2%E5%88%97%E5%8D%81%E6%94%AF%E6%B4%BE" title="失蹤的以色列十支派">失蹤的十支派</a></span><br /><a href="/wiki/%E7%8C%B6%E5%A4%A7%E7%8E%8B%E5%9C%8B" title="猶大王國">南國猶大</a><br /><a href="/wiki/%E7%8C%B6%E5%A4%AA%E4%BA%BA%E5%A4%A7%E5%B1%A0%E6%AE%BA" class="mw-redirect" title="猶太人大屠殺">猶太人大屠殺</a></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="color:#0645AD; font-weight:normal; border-top:1px solid #aaa; background:transparent; text-align:left; padding-left:5px; padding-top:3px;">典籍與文獻</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"><a href="/wiki/%E5%8D%81%E8%AA%A1" title="十誡">十誡</a><span style="white-space:nowrap; font-weight:bold;"> ·</span> <a href="/wiki/%E5%A1%94%E7%B4%8D%E8%B5%AB" title="塔納赫">塔納赫</a><span style="white-space:nowrap; font-weight:bold;"> ·</span> <a href="/wiki/%E5%A1%94%E6%9C%A8%E5%BE%B7" title="塔木德">塔木德</a><br /><a href="/wiki/%E7%B1%B3%E5%BE%B7%E6%8B%89%E4%BB%80" title="米德拉什">米德拉什</a><span style="white-space:nowrap; font-weight:bold;"> ·</span> <a href="/wiki/%E7%B1%B3%E6%9B%B8%E6%8B%BF" title="米書拿">米書拿</a><span style="white-space:nowrap; font-weight:bold;"> ·</span> <a href="/wiki/%E9%9D%A9%E9%A6%AC%E6%8B%89" title="革馬拉">革馬拉</a></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="color:#0645AD; font-weight:normal; border-top:1px solid #aaa; background:transparent; text-align:left; padding-left:5px; padding-top:3px;">節日</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"><a href="/wiki/%E5%B8%8C%E4%BC%AF%E4%BE%86%E6%9B%86" title="希伯來曆">希伯來曆</a><span style="white-space:nowrap; font-weight:bold;"> ·</span> <a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%83%E4%B8%83%E7%AF%80" title="七七節">七七節</a><br /><a href="/wiki/%E9%80%BE%E8%B6%8A%E7%AF%80" title="逾越節">逾越節</a><span style="white-space:nowrap; font-weight:bold;"> ·</span> <a href="/wiki/%E5%AE%89%E6%81%AF%E6%97%A5" title="安息日">安息日</a><br /><a href="/wiki/%E4%BD%8F%E6%A3%9A%E7%AF%80" title="住棚節">住棚節</a><span style="white-space:nowrap; font-weight:bold;"> ·</span> <a href="/wiki/%E8%B4%96%E7%BD%AA%E6%97%A5" title="贖罪日">贖罪節</a><span style="white-space:nowrap; font-weight:bold;"> ·</span> <a href="/wiki/%E6%99%AE%E7%8F%A5%E7%AF%80" title="普珥節">普珥節</a><span style="white-space:nowrap; font-weight:bold;"> ·</span> <a href="/wiki/%E5%85%89%E6%98%8E%E8%8A%82" title="光明节">光明节</a></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="color:#0645AD; font-weight:normal; border-top:1px solid #aaa; background:transparent; text-align:left; padding-left:5px; padding-top:3px;">教派</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"><a href="/wiki/%E7%8C%B6%E5%A4%AA%E6%95%99%E6%AD%A3%E7%B5%B1%E6%B4%BE" title="猶太教正統派">正统派</a><span style="white-space:nowrap; font-weight:bold;"> ·</span> <a href="/wiki/%E7%8C%B6%E5%A4%AA%E6%95%99%E4%BF%9D%E5%AE%88%E6%B4%BE" title="猶太教保守派">保守派</a><br /><a href="/wiki/%E7%8C%B6%E5%A4%AA%E6%95%99%E6%94%B9%E9%9D%A9%E6%B4%BE" title="猶太教改革派">改革派</a><span style="white-space:nowrap; font-weight:bold;"> ·</span> <a href="/wiki/%E9%87%8D%E9%80%A0%E6%B4%BE" class="mw-redirect" title="重造派">重造派</a></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="color:#0645AD; font-weight:normal; border-top:1px solid #aaa; background:transparent; text-align:left; padding-left:5px; padding-top:3px;">圣地</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"><a href="/wiki/%E8%80%B6%E8%B7%AF%E6%92%92%E5%86%B7" title="耶路撒冷">耶路撒冷</a><span style="white-space:nowrap; font-weight:bold;"> ·</span> <a href="/wiki/%E9%A9%AC%E8%90%A8%E8%BE%BE" title="马萨达">马萨达</a></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="color:#0645AD; font-weight:normal; border-top:1px solid #aaa; background:transparent; text-align:left; padding-left:5px; padding-top:3px;">建築</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content" style="padding-bottom:0.6em;;"><a href="/wiki/%E8%80%B6%E8%B7%AF%E6%92%92%E5%86%B7%E8%81%96%E6%AE%BF" title="耶路撒冷聖殿">聖殿</a><span style="white-space:nowrap; font-weight:bold;"> ·</span> <a href="/wiki/%E7%8C%B6%E5%A4%AA%E6%9C%83%E5%A0%82" title="猶太會堂">猶太會堂</a></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-navbar" style="line-height:1.6"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r84265675"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r84244141">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:110%;margin:0 8em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:110%;margin:0 5em}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Jew" title="Template:Jew"><abbr title="查看该模板">查</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Jew" class="mw-redirect" title="Template talk:Jew"><abbr title="讨论该模板">论</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:%E7%BC%96%E8%BE%91%E9%A1%B5%E9%9D%A2/Template:Jew" title="Special:编辑页面/Template:Jew"><abbr title="编辑该模板">编</abbr></a></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <p><b>开封犹太人</b>是记录保存最完整的古代<a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%AD%E5%9B%BD%E7%8A%B9%E5%A4%AA%E7%A4%BE%E7%BE%A4" class="mw-redirect" title="中国犹太社群">中国犹太社群</a>之一。他们居住在<a href="/wiki/%E6%B2%B3%E5%8D%97%E7%9C%81" title="河南省">河南省</a><a href="/wiki/%E5%BC%80%E5%B0%81" class="mw-redirect" title="开封">开封</a>市。中国古代称呼他们为<b>蓝帽回回</b>、<b>朮忽回回</b>等。在中国的多民族政策上，被當成是中東民族一部份，被划分为<a href="/wiki/%E5%9B%9E%E6%97%8F" title="回族">回族</a>或未识别的<a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%AD%E5%9C%8B%E5%B0%91%E6%95%B8%E6%B0%91%E6%97%8F" class="mw-redirect" title="中國少數民族">中國少數民族</a>，但是近来有些开封犹太人提议为中国犹太後裔正名。 </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="历史渊源"><span id=".E5.8E.86.E5.8F.B2.E6.B8.8A.E6.BA.90"></span>历史渊源</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%BC%80%E5%B0%81%E7%8A%B9%E5%A4%AA%E4%BA%BA&action=edit&section=1" title="编辑章节：历史渊源"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>根据历史记载，一个<a href="/wiki/%E7%8A%B9%E5%A4%AA%E4%BA%BA" title="犹太人">犹太人</a>社群及一个<a href="/wiki/%E7%8A%B9%E5%A4%AA%E4%BC%9A%E5%A0%82" class="mw-redirect" title="犹太会堂">犹太会堂</a>在开封，至少自<a href="/wiki/%E5%AE%8B%E6%9C%9D" title="宋朝">宋朝</a>生活至19世纪晚期。有些报告认为，他们事实上自9世纪晚期就开始定居于开封，即<a href="/wiki/%E5%94%90%E6%9C%9D" title="唐朝">唐朝</a>的時候已定居。 </p><p>他们在开封自称「一赐乐业」教徒，此稱號乃由<a href="/wiki/%E9%87%91%E4%B8%96%E5%AE%97" title="金世宗">金世宗</a><a href="/wiki/%E5%AE%8C%E9%A1%8F%E8%A4%8E" class="mw-redirect" title="完顏褎">完顏褎</a>封賜<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>，亦有人認為是<a href="/wiki/%E4%BB%A5%E8%89%B2%E5%88%97" title="以色列">以色列</a>（Israel）的音译。而周围的中国百姓出于对其<a href="/wiki/%E5%AE%97%E6%95%99" title="宗教">宗教</a>了解甚少而称其为「挑筋教」，源自宰杀牛羊时，有剔除脚筋这一生活习惯（相传犹太人祖先<a href="/wiki/%E9%9B%85%E5%90%84_(%E8%88%8A%E7%B4%84%E8%81%96%E7%B6%93)" title="雅各 (舊約聖經)">雅各</a>与<a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%A9%E4%BD%BF" title="天使">天使</a><a href="/wiki/%E8%A7%92%E5%8A%9B" class="mw-redirect" title="角力">角力</a>时，大腿扭伤，故以此习俗紀念祖宗）。或者称「蓝帽回回」、「天竺教」等。朮忽回回一名是漢人聽到<a href="/wiki/%E6%AC%BD%E5%AF%9F" title="欽察">欽察</a><a href="/wiki/%E7%AA%81%E5%8E%A5%E4%BA%BA" class="mw-redirect mw-disambig" title="突厥人">突厥人</a>稱呼猶太人後產生的，因為猶太人在<a href="/wiki/%E9%98%BF%E6%8B%89%E4%BC%AF%E8%AA%9E" class="mw-redirect" title="阿拉伯語">阿拉伯語</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E6%B3%A2%E6%96%AF%E8%AA%9E" class="mw-redirect" title="波斯語">波斯語</a>中稱yahud；欽察人有把i、y音讀成j音的習慣，因此有朮忽回回一字。 </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="到達時間"><span id=".E5.88.B0.E9.81.94.E6.99.82.E9.96.93"></span>到達時間</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%BC%80%E5%B0%81%E7%8A%B9%E5%A4%AA%E4%BA%BA&action=edit&section=2" title="编辑章节：到達時間"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><a href="/wiki/%E7%8A%B9%E5%A4%AA" class="mw-redirect" title="犹太">犹太</a>人到达中国的最早年代，历来有<a href="/wiki/%E5%91%A8%E4%BB%A3" class="mw-redirect" title="周代">周代</a>及以前，<a href="/wiki/%E6%B1%89%E4%BB%A3" class="mw-redirect" title="汉代">汉代</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E5%94%90%E4%BB%A3" class="mw-redirect" title="唐代">唐代</a>及<a href="/wiki/%E5%AE%8B%E4%BB%A3" class="mw-redirect" title="宋代">宋代</a>等学说。考慮到羅馬滅以色列時間以及公元前後就有猶太人因戰亂出走，故大致上可以推斷兩批時間點<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。 </p><p>汉代到達说的根据有： </p> <ul><li>开封犹太寺庙碑文。</li> <li>《<a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%AD%E5%9C%8B%E5%8F%A2%E5%A0%B1" title="中國叢報">中国丛报</a>》说犹太人在<a href="/wiki/%E6%B1%89%E6%98%8E%E5%B8%9D" title="汉明帝">汉明帝</a>时由<a href="/wiki/%E8%A5%BF%E5%9F%9F" title="西域">西域</a>入中国。<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> <p>持唐代学说者列举了以下根据： </p> <ol><li><a href="/wiki/%E8%8B%B1%E5%9B%BD" title="英国">英国</a>考古学家在<a href="/wiki/%E6%96%B0%E7%96%86" class="mw-redirect" title="新疆">新疆</a><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E4%B8%B9%E4%B8%B9%E4%B9%8C%E9%87%8C%E5%85%8B&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="丹丹乌里克（页面不存在）">丹丹乌里克</a>发现一<a href="/wiki/%E5%B8%8C%E4%BC%AF%E6%9D%A5%E6%96%87" class="mw-redirect" title="希伯来文">希伯来文</a>书，被定为8世纪商业函件；</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%B3%95%E5%9B%BD" title="法国">法国</a>考古学家<a href="/wiki/%E4%BC%AF%E5%B8%8C%E5%92%8C" title="伯希和">伯希和</a>在<a href="/wiki/%E6%95%A6%E7%85%8C" class="mw-redirect" title="敦煌">敦煌</a><a href="/wiki/%E5%8D%83%E4%BD%9B%E6%B4%9E" class="mw-disambig" title="千佛洞">千佛洞</a>发现一份<a href="/wiki/%E7%8A%B9%E5%A4%AA%E6%95%99" title="犹太教">犹太教</a>祷文，据鉴定亦为8世纪遗物。</li> <li>10世纪<a href="/wiki/%E9%98%BF%E6%8B%89%E4%BC%AF" class="mw-disambig" title="阿拉伯">阿拉伯</a>旅游家<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E9%98%BF%E5%B8%83%C2%B7%E8%B5%9B%E4%B9%89%E5%BE%B7%C2%B7%E5%93%88%E6%A1%91&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="阿布·赛义德·哈桑（页面不存在）">阿布·赛义德·哈桑</a>在《中国印度记闻录》中提到874—901年所爆发的<a href="/wiki/%E9%BB%83%E5%B7%A2%E4%B9%8B%E4%BA%82" title="黃巢之亂">黃巢之亂</a>曾在攻入<a href="/wiki/%E5%B9%BF%E5%B7%9E" class="mw-redirect" title="广州">广州</a>城时，杀死<a href="/wiki/%E4%BC%8A%E6%96%AF%E5%85%B0%E6%95%99%E5%BE%92" class="mw-redirect" title="伊斯兰教徒">伊斯兰教徒</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E7%8A%B9%E5%A4%AA%E6%95%99%E5%BE%92" class="mw-redirect" title="犹太教徒">犹太教徒</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E6%8B%9C%E7%81%AB%E6%95%99%E5%BE%92" class="mw-redirect" title="拜火教徒">拜火教徒</a>等12万人。</li> <li>中国曾经出土唐朝的文物，具有明显<a href="/wiki/%E9%97%AA%E7%B1%B3%E7%89%B9%E4%BA%BA" class="mw-redirect" title="闪米特人">闪米特人</a>特征的陶俑。</li></ol> <p>尽管有部分习俗和居民外貌而表明<a href="/wiki/%E6%9D%AD%E5%B7%9E" class="mw-redirect" title="杭州">杭州</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E5%B9%BF%E5%B7%9E" class="mw-redirect" title="广州">广州</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E5%8C%97%E4%BA%AC" class="mw-redirect" title="北京">北京</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E5%AE%81%E5%A4%8F" class="mw-redirect" title="宁夏">宁夏</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E6%B3%89%E5%B7%9E" class="mw-redirect" title="泉州">泉州</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E6%B4%9B%E9%98%B3" class="mw-redirect" title="洛阳">洛阳</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E6%95%A6%E7%85%8C" class="mw-redirect" title="敦煌">敦煌</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E9%95%BF%E5%AE%89" title="长安">长安</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E6%96%B0%E7%96%86" class="mw-redirect" title="新疆">新疆</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E8%A5%BF%E8%97%8F" class="mw-redirect" title="西藏">西藏</a>等地古代也可推论確实有犹太人社群之存在，但是直至目前为止，比較有描述且影响最大的唯有开封犹太人社群。 </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="在宋朝的待遇"><span id=".E5.9C.A8.E5.AE.8B.E6.9C.9D.E7.9A.84.E5.BE.85.E9.81.87"></span>在宋朝的待遇</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%BC%80%E5%B0%81%E7%8A%B9%E5%A4%AA%E4%BA%BA&action=edit&section=3" title="编辑章节：在宋朝的待遇"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>据推测，开封犹太人的先祖可能来自<a href="/wiki/%E5%8F%AF%E8%96%A9%E6%B1%97%E5%9C%8B" class="mw-redirect" title="可薩汗國">可薩汗國</a>，或者途经<a href="/wiki/%E5%8D%B0%E5%BA%A6" title="印度">印度</a>和緬甸北部。在被<a href="/wiki/%E5%84%92%E5%AE%B6" title="儒家">儒家</a>文化所主导的社會中，这个民族和宗教信仰能持續存在700多年，與漢族和諧共處最後融合，不只是中国历史上，也是几千年都與外族保持距離的犹太文明史上一个非常独特的现象。一些假設認為，有猶漢文化的相似性、姻親的需求、經濟因素促成這些猶太人選擇在中國落葉歸根<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。 </p><p>据记载，犹太人在中國受到不錯待遇，曾向<a href="/wiki/%E5%AE%8B%E6%9C%9D" title="宋朝">宋朝</a>进贡西洋布，深得皇帝欢喜，于是诏其「归我中夏，遵守祖风，留遗汴梁」。意思是讓這個族群的猶太人，不單可以留在開封城，更可以繼續信奉他們自己的信仰。這份尊重，對這群於當時處於流浪狀態的猶太人而言非常重要。因此，他們決定在開封落地生根，亦接受十七個漢人姓氏，分別是李、俺、艾、高、穆、趙、金、周、張、石、黃、李、聶、金、張、左、白。在这个高度民族融合的国家里，开封犹太人没有遭到任何歧视，很自然地开始参加中国的<a href="/wiki/%E7%A7%91%E4%B8%BE" title="科举">科举</a>考试，有很多人成了官员。例如因“奏闻有功，钦赐赵姓”的俺诚医士，《尊崇道经寺记》碑的撰文人，后来历任广东参政的扬州进士左唐。<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> 清康熙年間福建漳南道按察司僉司<a href="/wiki/%E8%B6%99%E6%98%A0%E4%B9%98" class="mw-redirect" title="趙映乘">趙映乘</a>也是猶太人。犹太人高度融入漢族社會，而不是像在其他國家般自成一國特立獨行，故在中国的存在，一直不为外界所知，一直到16世纪初<a href="/wiki/%E5%88%A9%E7%8E%9B%E7%AA%A6" title="利玛窦">利玛窦</a>偶然遇到了一个开封犹太人。自此开始了欧洲人（主要是传教士）对开封犹太人的研究。 </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Kaifeng_Jewish_names_list.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0d/Kaifeng_Jewish_names_list.png/220px-Kaifeng_Jewish_names_list.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="121" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0d/Kaifeng_Jewish_names_list.png/330px-Kaifeng_Jewish_names_list.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0d/Kaifeng_Jewish_names_list.png/440px-Kaifeng_Jewish_names_list.png 2x" data-file-width="932" data-file-height="514" /></a><figcaption>一本明代的开封犹太人名册，用汉字和<a href="/wiki/%E5%B8%8C%E4%BC%AF%E6%9D%A5%E5%AD%97%E6%AF%8D" title="希伯来字母">希伯来字母</a>写成</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Interior_of_kaifeng_synagogue-1-.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5f/Interior_of_kaifeng_synagogue-1-.JPG/220px-Interior_of_kaifeng_synagogue-1-.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="294" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5f/Interior_of_kaifeng_synagogue-1-.JPG/330px-Interior_of_kaifeng_synagogue-1-.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5f/Interior_of_kaifeng_synagogue-1-.JPG/440px-Interior_of_kaifeng_synagogue-1-.JPG 2x" data-file-width="1215" data-file-height="1622" /></a><figcaption>开封犹太会堂的内部，转绘自1722年法国耶稣会传教士<span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="孟正气" data-lang-code="no" data-lang-name="書面挪威語" data-foreign-title="Jean Domenge"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%AD%9F%E6%AD%A3%E6%B0%94&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="孟正气（页面不存在）">孟正气</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">書面挪威語</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jean_Domenge" class="extiw" title="no:Jean Domenge"><span lang="no" dir="auto">Jean Domenge</span></a></span>）</span></span>的记录</figcaption></figure> <p>明代以後<a href="/wiki/%E5%88%A9%E7%8E%9B%E7%AA%A6" title="利玛窦">利玛窦</a>于1605年接待了一个声称相信上帝是唯一主宰的年轻的中国犹太人艾田。记录上说当他看到一个<a href="/wiki/%E5%9F%BA%E7%9D%A3%E6%95%99" title="基督教">基督教</a>图片上的<a href="/wiki/%E7%8E%9B%E5%88%A9%E4%BA%9A" class="mw-redirect mw-disambig" title="玛利亚">玛利亚</a>和幼年<a href="/wiki/%E8%80%B6%E7%A8%A3" title="耶稣">耶稣</a>时，他认为那是<a href="/wiki/%E5%88%A9%E7%99%BE%E5%8A%A0" title="利百加">利百加</a>（Rebecca）和<a href="/wiki/%E4%BB%A5%E6%89%AB" title="以扫">以扫</a>（Esau）或者<a href="/wiki/%E9%9B%85%E5%90%84_(%E8%88%8A%E7%B4%84%E8%81%96%E7%B6%93)" title="雅各 (舊約聖經)">雅各</a>（Jacob）。艾田表示他来自开封，那里有许多犹太人居住。利玛窦出于找寻更古老版本《圣经》的目的，委派了一个中国耶稣会士探访了开封；尔后陆续有其他耶稣会士也探访了开封。随后又发现那里的犹太社群還有一个犹太会堂—礼拜寺，拥有大量文字材料和经书。其中经书后来多半被西方传教士购走，至今文物流散世界各地不知所蹤。不過漸漸的融合中，堅持教義的人已不多，一个20世纪早期的<a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%A9%E4%B8%BB%E6%95%99" class="mw-redirect" title="天主教">天主教</a>研究者指出，利玛窦的手稿显示：16世纪晚期至17世纪早期，开封只有十到十二户可以辨認出的犹太家庭，据说他们在那里居住了5、6百年时间。但手稿上也说有大量犹太人數量在約兩千以上，還居住在<a href="/wiki/%E6%9D%AD%E5%B7%9E" class="mw-redirect" title="杭州">杭州</a>（杭州亦曾是<a href="/wiki/%E5%8D%97%E5%AE%8B" title="南宋">南宋</a>的首都）。<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="太平天国时期"><span id=".E5.A4.AA.E5.B9.B3.E5.A4.A9.E5.9B.BD.E6.97.B6.E6.9C.9F"></span>太平天国时期</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%BC%80%E5%B0%81%E7%8A%B9%E5%A4%AA%E4%BA%BA&action=edit&section=4" title="编辑章节：太平天国时期"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>中国犹太人在1850年代的<a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%AA%E5%B9%B3%E5%A4%A9%E5%9B%BD" title="太平天国">太平天国</a>之乱中，饱受磨难，并且被驱散。据一个<a href="/wiki/%E7%BE%8E%E5%9B%BD" title="美国">美国</a>的1912年的<a href="/wiki/%E7%99%BE%E7%A7%91%E5%85%A8%E4%B9%A6" title="百科全书">百科全书</a>记载，太平天国之乱过后，他们又回到了开封，同时数量上继续减少且处境艰难。 </p><p>除了其历史悠久，开封犹太人还有其它显著特征：他们虽然跟中国以外的犹太后裔没有任何联系是孤立地存在，仍然将犹太的传统保留了数百年。不管怎样，他们虽然没有遭到中国人的歧视和迫害，且是逐渐被同化了。到了17世纪，这种同化加剧了。结果导致了犹太人信仰和礼仪习俗、社会和语言传统上的改变，同样变化的还有他们开始了与其他民族例如<a href="/wiki/%E6%B1%89%E6%97%8F" title="汉族">汉族</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E5%9B%9E%E6%97%8F" title="回族">回族</a>和<a href="/wiki/%E6%BB%A1%E6%97%8F" title="满族">满族</a>的大范围的通婚。1642年（<a href="/wiki/%E5%B4%87%E7%A5%AF" title="崇祯">崇祯</a>十五年），犹太会堂被<a href="/wiki/%E6%9D%8E%E8%87%AA%E6%88%90" title="李自成">李自成</a>所攻取，开封因人为的<a href="/wiki/%E9%BB%84%E6%B2%B3" title="黄河">黄河</a>决口所冲毁。「汴没而寺因以废，寺废而经亦荡于洪波巨流之中。教众获北渡者仅二百余家，流离河朔。」其后虽然幸存的犹太人陆续返回，并重建了会堂，重修了经书，但是社区显然已经元气大伤。而到了1841年（<a href="/wiki/%E9%81%93%E5%85%89" title="道光">道光</a>二十一年），当黄河再次决口时，会堂被拆毁护城，尔后也未能修复。1850年，随着开封犹太社团的最后一个<a href="/wiki/%E6%8B%89%E6%AF%94" title="拉比">拉比</a>（Rabbi，犹太教神职人员）的去世，教众中不再有人认识<a href="/wiki/%E5%B8%8C%E4%BC%AF%E6%9D%A5%E8%AF%AD" title="希伯来语">希伯来语</a>了，结果犹太宗教生活和犹太人的自身身份认同终结了。 </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="援助中国犹太人协会"><span id=".E6.8F.B4.E5.8A.A9.E4.B8.AD.E5.9B.BD.E7.8A.B9.E5.A4.AA.E4.BA.BA.E5.8D.8F.E4.BC.9A"></span>援助中国犹太人协会</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%BC%80%E5%B0%81%E7%8A%B9%E5%A4%AA%E4%BA%BA&action=edit&section=5" title="编辑章节：援助中国犹太人协会"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>19世纪中期之后，随着最后一任犹太教<a href="/wiki/%E7%A5%AD%E5%8F%B8" title="祭司">祭司</a>的卸任，开封犹太人逐渐淡漠了<a href="/wiki/%E7%8A%B9%E5%A4%AA%E6%95%99" title="犹太教">犹太教</a>信仰，几乎在同时，一些基督教宗教团体和犹太教宗教团体也开始致力于援助中国犹太人的事业。 </p><p>1852年美国的犹太人组织了一个中国犹太人救援委员会旨在帮助开封犹太人重拾犹太教信仰，但由于委员会成立不久后，美国爆发<a href="/wiki/%E5%8D%97%E5%8C%97%E6%88%98%E4%BA%89" title="南北战争">内战</a>，救援委员会的活动因此被迫完全停止，之后也不了了之。 </p><p>1899年12月，<a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%8A%E6%B5%B7" class="mw-redirect" title="上海">上海</a>徐家汇的<a href="/wiki/%E7%BD%97%E9%A9%AC%E5%A4%A9%E4%B8%BB%E6%95%99" class="mw-redirect" title="罗马天主教">罗马天主教</a><a href="/wiki/%E8%80%B6%E7%A8%A3%E4%BC%9A" title="耶稣会">耶稣会</a>在开封收购到一批犹太人后裔卖出的希伯来文经卷，这些经卷引起了耶稣会援助开封犹太人的兴趣。1900年5月，中国犹太人援助会在上海成立。1901年，开封犹太人李金诚携子来到上海向中国犹太人援助会介绍了开封犹太后裔社区的情况；1902年3月10日，李金城又带领七名开封犹太人来到上海，中国犹太人援助会帮助他们在上海的犹太人组织中谋到职位，并希望帮助他们恢复犹太教信仰；1903年，中国犹太人援助会正式开始讨论派遣传教团到开封的事宜，但传教团始终没有成行，直到1914年开封犹太社区将犹太会堂的地契出售给<a href="/wiki/%E5%8A%A0%E6%8B%BF%E5%A4%A7%E5%9C%A3%E5%85%AC%E4%BC%9A" title="加拿大圣公会">加拿大圣公会</a>，中国犹太人援助会看到恢复开封犹太人信仰的希望不复存在，遂停止活动。 </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="中国古代对开封犹太人及其宗教的称呼"><span id=".E4.B8.AD.E5.9B.BD.E5.8F.A4.E4.BB.A3.E5.AF.B9.E5.BC.80.E5.B0.81.E7.8A.B9.E5.A4.AA.E4.BA.BA.E5.8F.8A.E5.85.B6.E5.AE.97.E6.95.99.E7.9A.84.E7.A7.B0.E5.91.BC"></span>中国古代对开封犹太人及其宗教的称呼</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%BC%80%E5%B0%81%E7%8A%B9%E5%A4%AA%E4%BA%BA&action=edit&section=6" title="编辑章节：中国古代对开封犹太人及其宗教的称呼"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>犹太人：「朮忽」、「竹忽」、「主吾」、「主鹘」、「朱乎得」、「祝虎」、「珠赫」等。 </p><p>犹太教：「一赐乐业教」、「天竺教」、「挑筋教」、「古教」、「旧教」、「教经教」、「七姓回子」、「青回回」、「蓝帽回回」、「回回古教」。 </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="开封犹太人遗迹"><span id=".E5.BC.80.E5.B0.81.E7.8A.B9.E5.A4.AA.E4.BA.BA.E9.81.97.E8.BF.B9"></span>开封犹太人遗迹</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%BC%80%E5%B0%81%E7%8A%B9%E5%A4%AA%E4%BA%BA&action=edit&section=7" title="编辑章节：开封犹太人遗迹"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Composite_kaifeng_stone_inscriptions-1-.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ce/Composite_kaifeng_stone_inscriptions-1-.JPG/220px-Composite_kaifeng_stone_inscriptions-1-.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="196" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ce/Composite_kaifeng_stone_inscriptions-1-.JPG/330px-Composite_kaifeng_stone_inscriptions-1-.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ce/Composite_kaifeng_stone_inscriptions-1-.JPG/440px-Composite_kaifeng_stone_inscriptions-1-.JPG 2x" data-file-width="1643" data-file-height="1462" /></a><figcaption>明代石碑拓本</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Kai_Feng_synagogue.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/ba/Kai_Feng_synagogue.jpg/220px-Kai_Feng_synagogue.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="135" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/ba/Kai_Feng_synagogue.jpg/330px-Kai_Feng_synagogue.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/ba/Kai_Feng_synagogue.jpg/440px-Kai_Feng_synagogue.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3519" data-file-height="2162" /></a><figcaption><center>开封教堂复原模型<br />以色列<a href="/wiki/%E7%8A%B9%E5%A4%AA%E4%BA%BA%E5%A4%A7%E6%B5%81%E6%95%A3" class="mw-redirect" title="犹太人大流散">大流散</a>博物馆</center></figcaption></figure> <ul><li>《<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E9%87%8D%E5%BB%BA%E6%B8%85%E7%9C%9F%E5%AF%BA%E8%AE%B0%E7%A2%91&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="重建清真寺记碑（页面不存在）">重建清真寺记碑</a>》明弘治二年</li></ul> <p>《重建清真寺记》之文曰：“夫一赐乐业立教祖师<a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%9A%E4%BC%AF%E6%8B%89%E7%BD%95" class="mw-redirect" title="亚伯拉罕">阿无罗汉</a>，乃<a href="/wiki/%E7%9B%98%E5%8F%A4" title="盘古">盘古</a><a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%9A%E5%BD%93" class="mw-redirect" title="亚当">阿耽</a>十九代孙也。自开辟天地，祖师相传授受，不塑于形像，不诏于神鬼，不信于邪术......教道相传，授受有自来矣。出自天竺，奉命而来。有李、俺、艾、高、穆、赵、金、周、张、石、黄、李、聂、金、张、左、白七十姓等，进贡西洋布于宋，帝曰：归我中夏，遵守祖风，留遗汴梁。”其中七十姓或疑为十七姓之讹，而且只能理解为「家庭」或「家族」。因为所列十七姓中，金，李，张都有重复。<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <ul><li>《<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%B0%8A%E5%B4%87%E9%81%93%E7%BB%8F%E5%AF%BA%E8%AE%B0%E7%A2%91&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="尊崇道经寺记碑（页面不存在）">尊崇道经寺记碑</a>》明正德七年</li></ul> <p>《尊崇道经寺记》之文曰：“赐进士出身朝列大夫四川布政司右参议江都左唐撰文......至于一赐乐业教，始祖阿耽......刻石于寺，垂示永久，成知所自，俾我后人其慎念之哉。”<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <ul><li>《<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%A5%A0%E5%A0%82%E8%BF%B0%E5%8F%A4%E7%A2%91%E8%AE%B0&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="祠堂述古碑记（页面不存在）">祠堂述古碑记</a>》清康熙十八年</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%8D%97%E6%95%99%E7%BB%8F%E8%83%A1%E5%90%8C" title="南教经胡同">南教经胡同</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%8C%97%E6%95%99%E7%BB%8F%E8%83%A1%E5%90%8C&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="北教经胡同（页面不存在）">北教经胡同</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="开封犹太人研究"><span id=".E5.BC.80.E5.B0.81.E7.8A.B9.E5.A4.AA.E4.BA.BA.E7.A0.94.E7.A9.B6"></span>开封犹太人研究</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%BC%80%E5%B0%81%E7%8A%B9%E5%A4%AA%E4%BA%BA&action=edit&section=8" title="编辑章节：开封犹太人研究"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Juden-Kaifeng-1907.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/28/Juden-Kaifeng-1907.jpg/220px-Juden-Kaifeng-1907.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="329" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/2/28/Juden-Kaifeng-1907.jpg 1.5x" data-file-width="225" data-file-height="336" /></a><figcaption>1907年《<a href="/wiki/%E5%9B%BD%E5%AE%B6%E5%9C%B0%E7%90%86%E6%9D%82%E5%BF%97" class="mw-redirect" title="国家地理杂志">国家地理杂志</a>》中的开封犹太人照片</figcaption></figure> <p>一直到20世纪早期中国人几乎不知道犹太人在中国的存在，虽然他们存在了700多年。 </p><p>1850年，香港主教<a href="/wiki/%E6%96%BD%E7%BE%8E%E5%A4%AB" title="施美夫">施美夫</a>（George Smith）派遣两名华人基督教徒到开封访问了开封府犹太人，找到一些手稿和抄本。上海<a href="/wiki/%E4%BC%A6%E6%95%A6%E4%BC%9A" class="mw-redirect" title="伦敦会">伦敦会</a>传教士<a href="/wiki/%E5%81%89%E7%83%88%E4%BA%9E%E5%8A%9B" title="偉烈亞力">伟烈亚力</a>根据这些材料在1863年写出《中国的犹太人》一文<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。伟烈亚力说，十九世纪中叶，开封的犹太人被称为“挑筋子”。 </p><p>20世纪早期居住在上海的欧洲犹太人据说也曾试图研究开封犹太人，但所获甚微，因为这个所谓犹太族群经过近千年汉化过程，其语言，外貌特征，习俗已于汉族并无二异，完全无法考据。 </p><p>伴随着这个时期中国知识分子对西方文化的兴趣的不断增加，犹太人和犹太教的存在开始被中国学者意识到。到1949年<a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%AD%E5%8D%8E%E4%BA%BA%E6%B0%91%E5%85%B1%E5%92%8C%E5%9B%BD" title="中华人民共和国">中华人民共和国</a>建立时这个主题已经逐渐发展成了一个单独的研究领域。 </p><p>從前，中国大陸对犹太和犹太教的研究一直处于停滞状态，直到1980年代政治经济改革才开始。1992年<a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%AD%E5%8D%8E%E4%BA%BA%E6%B0%91%E5%85%B1%E5%92%8C%E5%9B%BD" title="中华人民共和国">中华人民共和国</a>与<a href="/wiki/%E4%BB%A5%E8%89%B2%E5%88%97" title="以色列">以色列</a>建立外交关系促进了这个领域的研究。通过对<a href="/wiki/%E7%BA%B3%E7%B2%B9" class="mw-redirect" title="纳粹">纳粹</a>时代上海25000名犹太难民的经历的重新评估使中国犹太人的研究得到了全世界的注意。 </p><p>近几年，对开封犹太人的历史和文化的研究不仅局限在中国，其他国家也是一样。可以预期将来对其它相关题目学术兴趣势必会不断增加。 </p><p>曾有文章提到，虽然准确性有待考证，开封犹太人在相貌上可以分辨岀跟其他非犹太邻居的不同。 </p><p>2002年3月，位于开封的<a href="/wiki/%E6%B2%B3%E5%8D%97%E5%A4%A7%E5%AD%A6" title="河南大学">河南大学</a>成立“河南大学犹太研究所”，以近距离研究开封犹太人，并借以促进犹太历史、文化研究在中国的发展。 </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="近期研究的其他觀點"><span id=".E8.BF.91.E6.9C.9F.E7.A0.94.E7.A9.B6.E7.9A.84.E5.85.B6.E4.BB.96.E8.A7.80.E9.BB.9E"></span>近期研究的其他觀點</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%BC%80%E5%B0%81%E7%8A%B9%E5%A4%AA%E4%BA%BA&action=edit&section=9" title="编辑章节：近期研究的其他觀點"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>于朋完全不赞成被多数中国学者认同的开封犹太人宋代来华的观点。<sup id="cite_ref-:0_11-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>陈长琦和魏千志根据《宋史》中“咸平元年春正月……辛巳，僧『你尾尼』等自西天来朝，称七年始达。”的记载认定开封犹太人定居中国的时间为公元998年。<sup id="cite_ref-:1_12-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:1-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>这段记载与开封犹太人自“西天”来华进贡西洋布的说法有一定相似性。陈长琦甚至认为僧「你尾尼」不是佛教僧侣而是一位<a href="/wiki/%E7%8A%B9%E5%A4%AA%E6%95%99" title="犹太教">犹太教</a><a href="/wiki/%E6%8B%89%E6%AF%94" title="拉比">拉比</a>。<sup id="cite_ref-:1_12-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:1-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>张倩红和刘百陆支持了上述说法，确定了犹太人定居开封的时间是公元998年2月20日。<sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>然而，于朋发现志磐在《佛祖统纪》中记载了“宋真宗咸平元年…中天竺沙门「你尾抳」等来朝，进佛舍利、梵经菩提树叶、菩提子数珠。”<sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>显然，「你尾尼」（沙门「你尾抳」）带来的不是西洋布，他更不是一位犹太教拉比。 </p><p>于朋认为犹太人是在元代随<a href="/wiki/%E5%9B%9E%E5%9B%9E%E4%BA%BA" class="mw-redirect" title="回回人">回回人</a>自波斯来华的，因为中国的史料直到元代才有对犹太人存在的记录。他根据1679碑文（《祠堂述古碑记》）中文字“创地者，吾俺都剌锦衣公始也。复址者，吾参将承基又始也”，指出开封犹太人的“清真寺”始建于1421年，1489（《重建清真寺记》）碑文中的宋代的俺都剌和明代的俺诚（赵诚）是同一个人。另根据《守汴日志》（<i>Diary of the Defence of Pien</i>）中一段对于开封李氏家族的记述，于朋判断犹太人定居开封最早的可靠时间为明代洪武初年（1368–98）。他认为明初对色目人的歧视和强制同化政策加速了犹太人的同化进程。<sup id="cite_ref-:0_11-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="今日开封犹太人"><span id=".E4.BB.8A.E6.97.A5.E5.BC.80.E5.B0.81.E7.8A.B9.E5.A4.AA.E4.BA.BA"></span>今日开封犹太人</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%BC%80%E5%B0%81%E7%8A%B9%E5%A4%AA%E4%BA%BA&action=edit&section=10" title="编辑章节：今日开封犹太人"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r83732972">.mw-parser-output .ambox{border:1px solid #a2a9b1;border-left:10px solid #36c;background-color:#fbfbfb;box-sizing:border-box}.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output 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(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .ambox{border-left-color:#36c!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .ambox-speedy,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .ambox-delete{border-left-color:#b32424!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .ambox-speedy{background-color:#300!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .ambox-content{border-left-color:#f28500!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .ambox-style{border-left-color:#fc3!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .ambox-move{border-left-color:#9932cc!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .ambox-protection{border-left-color:#a2a9b1!important}}</style><table class="box-Original_research plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-content ambox-content" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><div style="width:52px"><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Ambox_important.svg/40px-Ambox_important.svg.png" decoding="async" width="40" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Ambox_important.svg/60px-Ambox_important.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Ambox_important.svg/80px-Ambox_important.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="40" data-file-height="40" /></span></span></div></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span">此表格<b>可能包含<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:%E9%9D%9E%E5%8E%9F%E5%88%9B%E7%A0%94%E7%A9%B6" title="Wikipedia:非原创研究">原创研究</a>。</b><span class="hide-when-compact"></span><span class="hide-when-compact"><br /><small>请协助補充参考资料、添加<a href="/wiki/Template:Original_research_inline" title="Template:Original research inline">相关内联标签</a>和删除原创研究内容以<a class="external text" href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=%E5%BC%80%E5%B0%81%E7%8A%B9%E5%A4%AA%E4%BA%BA&action=edit">改善这篇条目</a>。详细情况请参见<a href="/wiki/Talk:%E5%BC%80%E5%B0%81%E7%8A%B9%E5%A4%AA%E4%BA%BA" title="Talk:开封犹太人">讨论页</a>。</small></span><span class="hide-when-compact"></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table><p>开封犹太人均依照其本姓改取<a href="/wiki/%E6%B1%89%E5%A7%93" title="汉姓">汉姓</a>，共分七姓八家，分别为<a href="/wiki/%E8%89%BE%E5%A7%93" title="艾姓">艾姓</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E8%B5%B5%E5%A7%93" class="mw-redirect" title="赵姓">赵姓</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E5%BC%A0%E5%A7%93" class="mw-redirect" title="张姓">张姓</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E7%9F%B3%E5%A7%93" title="石姓">石姓</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E9%87%91%E5%A7%93" title="金姓">金姓</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E9%AB%98%E5%A7%93" title="高姓">高姓</a>和两家<a href="/wiki/%E6%9D%8E%E5%A7%93" title="李姓">李姓</a>，在经历了近700年的历史后，张姓和一家李姓湮没，至今在开封附近共有六姓犹太人后裔居住生活。1987年初的统计数字显示，<a href="/wiki/%E5%BC%80%E5%B0%81%E5%B8%82" title="开封市">开封市</a>共居住有犹太人后裔六十六户，159人。其中石姓三十一户，64人；李姓十二户，42人；赵姓两户，11人；艾姓十七户，32人；金姓两户，7人；高姓两户，3人。在开封犹太人的七姓八家中，张姓和李姓只与<a href="/wiki/%E5%9B%9E%E6%97%8F" title="回族">回族</a>通婚，据<a href="/wiki/%E5%AE%B6%E8%B0%B1" title="家谱">家谱</a>记载，仅有犹太人嫁闺女给回族人家，而没有回族嫁闺女给犹太人家，这也许是这两姓湮没的原因，而其他六家则与<a href="/wiki/%E6%B1%89%E6%97%8F" title="汉族">汉族</a>通婚，而在现存的六家犹太人后裔中，没有与回族通婚的记录。 </p><p>经过长期的通婚，今日开封犹太人已经基本上被完全<a href="/wiki/%E5%90%8C%E5%8C%96" title="同化">同化</a>，体貌特征上已经与汉族等<a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%AD%E5%9B%BD" class="mw-redirect" title="中国">中国</a>主要民族没有太大区别，其中很多人仍然坚持自己的犹太身份认同。 </p><p>在<a href="/wiki/%E6%96%87%E5%8C%96" title="文化">文化</a>上，开封犹太人后裔<a href="/wiki/%E6%BC%A2%E5%8C%96" title="漢化">漢化</a>徹底，放弃了犹太教的<a href="/wiki/%E4%BF%A1%E4%BB%B0" title="信仰">信仰</a>，食物方面的<a href="/wiki/%E7%A6%81%E5%BF%8C" title="禁忌">禁忌</a>已无人遵守，食用<a href="/wiki/%E7%89%9B" class="mw-redirect" title="牛">牛</a><a href="/wiki/%E7%BE%8A" title="羊">羊</a><a href="/wiki/%E8%82%89" class="mw-disambig" title="肉">肉</a>时“挑筋”的习俗很少有人遵守，各姓犹太人后裔均食用<a href="/wiki/%E7%8C%AA%E8%82%89" class="mw-redirect" title="猪肉">猪肉</a>；在犹太人社群中非常重要的<a href="/wiki/%E5%89%B2%E7%A4%BC" class="mw-redirect" title="割礼">割礼</a>在开封犹太人中早已不复存在并无人知晓；现在的开封犹太人后裔均不了解犹太教<a href="/wiki/%E6%95%99%E7%BE%A9" class="mw-redirect" title="教義">教义</a>，大部分人不能分辨<a href="/wiki/%E6%91%A9%E8%A5%BF" title="摩西">摩西</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%A7%E5%8D%AB" class="mw-redirect mw-disambig" title="大卫">大卫</a>和<a href="/wiki/%E8%80%B6%E7%A8%A3" title="耶稣">耶稣</a>，所有开封犹太人均不过犹太传统节日，卻都過<a href="/wiki/%E8%8F%AF%E4%BA%BA%E5%9B%9B%E5%A4%A7%E7%AF%80%E6%97%A5" class="mw-redirect" title="華人四大節日">華人四大節日</a>，其他包括<a href="/wiki/%E9%80%81%E7%A5%9E%E6%97%A5" class="mw-redirect" title="送神日">送神日</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E6%8E%A5%E7%A5%9E%E6%97%A5" title="接神日">接神日</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%AD%E5%85%83%E7%AF%80" title="中元節">中元節</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E6%B8%85%E6%98%8E" title="清明">清明</a><a href="/wiki/%E6%8E%83%E5%A2%93" title="掃墓">扫墓</a><a href="/wiki/%E7%A5%AD%E7%A5%96" class="mw-redirect" title="祭祖">祭祖</a>等风俗均与<a href="/wiki/%E6%B1%89%E6%97%8F" title="汉族">汉族</a>无异；有记录显示，开封犹太人中有<a href="/wiki/%E4%BD%9B%E6%95%99" title="佛教">佛教</a>和其他宗教的<a href="/wiki/%E4%BF%A1%E5%BE%92" title="信徒">信徒</a>，1866年还有一名犹太人后裔<a href="/wiki/%E7%9A%88%E4%BE%9D" title="皈依">皈依</a>佛门，<a href="/wiki/%E6%B3%95%E5%90%8D" class="mw-redirect" title="法名">法名</a>「本道」。据学者走访调查，石姓开封犹太人是保存犹太人文化习俗最多的一支，石家在饮食上仍然遵守挑筋的规则，在每年<a href="/wiki/%E6%98%A5%E8%8A%82" class="mw-redirect" title="春节">春节</a>石家人均依照犹太<a href="/wiki/%E9%80%BE%E8%B6%8A%E8%8A%82" class="mw-redirect" title="逾越节">逾越节</a>的礼制，用毛笔沾鸡血涂抹门楣，并用白水煮羊肉<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%A5%80%E7%A5%96&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="祀祖（页面不存在）">祀祖</a>；石家要求子孙遵奉<a href="/wiki/%E5%8D%81%E8%AA%A1" title="十誡">十誡</a>中的一些戒律和<a href="https://zh.wikisource.org/wiki/%E6%9C%B1%E5%AD%90%E5%AE%B6%E8%AE%AD" class="extiw" title="s:朱子家训">朱子家训</a>，但与其他犹太人后裔一样，石家人对犹太教的基本知识一无所知。 </p><p>据统计，21世纪初开封有自称犹太人后裔六十六户，约二百人。在1950年代前后，这些家庭大多认同自己为汉族，1980年代以来，随着<a href="/wiki/%E6%94%B9%E9%9D%A9%E5%BC%80%E6%94%BE" title="改革开放">改革开放</a>，对开封犹太人的民族认同感逐步复苏，有些人開始慶祝起<a href="/wiki/%E9%80%BE%E8%B6%8A%E8%8A%82" class="mw-redirect" title="逾越节">逾越节</a>。<sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>赵姓和李姓的一些家庭在进行户口登记时欲将民族改为犹太人或犹太族。他们的民族认同并不被官方承认。按中國官方的立場，开封犹太人在中國并不享受<a href="/wiki/%E5%B0%91%E6%95%B0%E6%B0%91%E6%97%8F" title="少数民族">少数民族</a>在升学等方面的諸多优惠，因为他们是已经完全汉化了近千年的外来族裔，如同千年前的<a href="/wiki/%E5%8C%88%E5%A5%B4" title="匈奴">匈奴</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E9%AE%AE%E5%8D%91" class="mw-redirect" title="鮮卑">鮮卑</a>等<a href="/wiki/%E8%83%A1%E4%BA%BA" title="胡人">胡人</a>般早被視為一體，并不能算少数民族。 </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="注释"><span id=".E6.B3.A8.E9.87.8A"></span>注释</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%BC%80%E5%B0%81%E7%8A%B9%E5%A4%AA%E4%BA%BA&action=edit&section=11" title="编辑章节：注释"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="reflist columns references-column-count references-column-count-2" style="-moz-column-count: 2; -webkit-column-count: 2; column-count: 2; 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DOI:.10.18647/3330/JJS-2017</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:1-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:1_12-0"><sup><b>12.0</b></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:1_12-1"><sup><b>12.1</b></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Chen, Changqi. “Buddhist Monk or Jewish Rabbi? 1983”, In Sidney Shapiro (eds), <i>Jews in Old China: Studies by Chinese Scholars</i>, 139<i>–</i>142. : Hippocrene Books. 1984.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-13">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">魏千志：《中国犹太人定居开封时间考》，《史学月刊》1993 年第5 期，pp. 36<i>–</i>41.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-14">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">张倩红和刘百陆. 从遗存碑文看开封犹太社团的社会生活. 河南大学学报, 2006年11月, 46卷6期.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-15">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://buddhism.lib.ntu.edu.tw/BDLM/sutra/chi_pdf/sutra20/T49n2035.pdf">志磐《佛祖统纪》卷四十四（见《佛祖统纪》CBETA电子版.台北: 中华电子佛典协会,2002.</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(PDF)</span>. <span class="reference-accessdate"> [<span class="nowrap">2018-08-13</span>]</span>. （原始内容<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20211215085711/http://buddhism.lib.ntu.edu.tw/BDLM/sutra/chi_pdf/sutra20/T49n2035.pdf">存档</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(PDF)</span>于2021-12-15）.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E5%BC%80%E5%B0%81%E7%8A%B9%E5%A4%AA%E4%BA%BA&rft.btitle=%E5%BF%97%E7%A3%90%E3%80%8A%E4%BD%9B%E7%A5%96%E7%BB%9F%E7%BA%AA%E3%80%8B%E5%8D%B7%E5%9B%9B%E5%8D%81%E5%9B%9B%EF%BC%88%E8%A7%81%E3%80%8A%E4%BD%9B%E7%A5%96%E7%BB%9F%E7%BA%AA%E3%80%8BCBETA%E7%94%B5%E5%AD%90%E7%89%88.%E5%8F%B0%E5%8C%97%3A+%E4%B8%AD%E5%8D%8E%E7%94%B5%E5%AD%90%E4%BD%9B%E5%85%B8%E5%8D%8F%E4%BC%9A%2C2002.&rft.genre=unknown&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fbuddhism.lib.ntu.edu.tw%2FBDLM%2Fsutra%2Fchi_pdf%2Fsutra20%2FT49n2035.pdf&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-16">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://cn.nytimes.com/china/20150407/c07passover/">犹太教在中国复兴，开封犹太人庆祝逾越节</a>. 纽约时报中文网. 2015-04-07 <span class="reference-accessdate"> [<span class="nowrap">2023-11-12</span>]</span>. （原始内容<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20231112090011/https://cn.nytimes.com/china/20150407/c07passover/">存档</a>于2023-11-12） <span style="font-family: sans-serif; cursor: default; color:var(--color-subtle, #54595d); font-size: 0.8em; bottom: 0.1em; font-weight: bold;" title="连接到中文网页">（中文）</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E5%BC%80%E5%B0%81%E7%8A%B9%E5%A4%AA%E4%BA%BA&rft.atitle=%E7%8A%B9%E5%A4%AA%E6%95%99%E5%9C%A8%E4%B8%AD%E5%9B%BD%E5%A4%8D%E5%85%B4%EF%BC%8C%E5%BC%80%E5%B0%81%E7%8A%B9%E5%A4%AA%E4%BA%BA%E5%BA%86%E7%A5%9D%E9%80%BE%E8%B6%8A%E8%8A%82&rft.date=2015-04-07&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=%E7%BA%BD%E7%BA%A6%E6%97%B6%E6%8A%A5%E4%B8%AD%E6%96%87%E7%BD%91&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fcn.nytimes.com%2Fchina%2F20150407%2Fc07passover%2F&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> </ol></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="參考文獻"><span id=".E5.8F.83.E8.80.83.E6.96.87.E7.8D.BB"></span>參考文獻</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%BC%80%E5%B0%81%E7%8A%B9%E5%A4%AA%E4%BA%BA&action=edit&section=12" title="编辑章节：參考文獻"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E5%81%89%E7%83%88%E4%BA%9E%E5%8A%9B" title="偉烈亞力">伟烈亚力</a>《中国的犹太人》 Alexander Wylie, Israelites in China, China Researches, Part II, p1-23 1897 Shanghai</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="其他条目"><span id=".E5.85.B6.E4.BB.96.E6.9D.A1.E7.9B.AE"></span>其他条目</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%BC%80%E5%B0%81%E7%8A%B9%E5%A4%AA%E4%BA%BA&action=edit&section=13" title="编辑章节：其他条目"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E7%8C%B6%E5%A4%AA%E4%BA%BA%E5%9C%A8%E4%B8%AD%E5%9C%8B" class="mw-redirect" title="猶太人在中國">犹太人在中国</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="外部链接"><span id=".E5.A4.96.E9.83.A8.E9.93.BE.E6.8E.A5"></span>外部链接</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%BC%80%E5%B0%81%E7%8A%B9%E5%A4%AA%E4%BA%BA&action=edit&section=14" title="编辑章节：外部链接"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.chinsejew.org">中国开封犹太人网站 </a><sup class="noprint Inline-Template"><span style="white-space: nowrap;">[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:%E5%A4%B1%E6%95%88%E9%93%BE%E6%8E%A5" title="Wikipedia:失效链接"><span title="自2019年10月失效">永久失效連結</span></a>]</span></sup></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.gluckman.com/Shapiro.html">Shapiro</a> （<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//web.archive.org/web/20210126184632/http://www.gluckman.com/Shapiro.html">页面存档备份</a>，存于<a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%92%E8%81%94%E7%BD%91%E6%A1%A3%E6%A1%88%E9%A6%86" title="互联网档案馆">互联网档案馆</a>）</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110713103957/http://www.jewish-holiday.com/kaifeng.html">Jewish-Holiday.com文章</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ktav.com/product_info.php?products_id=1143">中国开封犹太人作者：许新(书评)</a> （<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//web.archive.org/web/20130420083254/http://www.ktav.com/product_info.php?products_id=1143">页面存档备份</a>，存于<a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%92%E8%81%94%E7%BD%91%E6%A1%A3%E6%A1%88%E9%A6%86" title="互联网档案馆">互联网档案馆</a>）</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20050127110750/http://gb.chinabroadcast.cn/321/2004/04/30/151@145715_6.htm">朝野礼待：开封犹太社区和平兴旺</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.godoor.net/text/history/zhjh15.htm">开封犹太会堂卷轴的研究</a> （<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//web.archive.org/web/20151003154841/http://www.godoor.net/text/history/zhjh15.htm">页面存档备份</a>，存于<a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%92%E8%81%94%E7%BD%91%E6%A1%A3%E6%A1%88%E9%A6%86" title="互联网档案馆">互联网档案馆</a>）</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.daat.ac.il/DAAT/bibliogr/shlomi/bibel4-2.htm">犹太人在中国-参考书目</a> （<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//web.archive.org/web/20090203182446/http://www.daat.ac.il/DAAT/bibliogr/shlomi/bibel4-2.htm">页面存档备份</a>，存于<a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%92%E8%81%94%E7%BD%91%E6%A1%A3%E6%A1%88%E9%A6%86" title="互联网档案馆">互联网档案馆</a>） (部分地在希伯来语)</li> <li><span style="font-family: sans-serif; cursor: default; color:var(--color-subtle, #54595d); font-size: 0.8em; bottom: 0.1em; font-weight: bold;" title="英語">（英文）</span> Berg, Irwin M. "<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www2.kenyon.edu/Depts/Religion/Fac/Adler/Reln270/Judaism/Berg%20-%20Among%20the%20Jewish%20Descendants.pdf">Among the Jewish Descendants of Kaifeng</a> （<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//web.archive.org/web/20220121064608/http://www2.kenyon.edu/Depts/Religion/Fac/Adler/Reln270/Judaism/Berg%20-%20Among%20the%20Jewish%20Descendants.pdf">页面存档备份</a>，存于<a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%92%E8%81%94%E7%BD%91%E6%A1%A3%E6%A1%88%E9%A6%86" title="互联网档案馆">互联网档案馆</a>）." <i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Judaism:_A_Quarterly_Journal_of_Jewish_Life_and_Thought&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Judaism: A Quarterly Journal of Jewish Life and Thought（页面不存在）">Judaism: A Quarterly Journal of Jewish Life and Thought</a></i>, Winter, 2000. Hosted at <a href="/wiki/%E5%87%AF%E5%B0%BC%E6%81%A9%E5%AD%A6%E9%99%A2" title="凯尼恩学院">凯尼恩学院</a>.</li> <li><span style="font-family: sans-serif; cursor: default; color:var(--color-subtle, #54595d); font-size: 0.8em; bottom: 0.1em; font-weight: bold;" title="英語">（英文）</span> Demsky, Aaron (editor). <i><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www2.kenyon.edu/Depts/Religion/Fac/Adler/Reln270/Judaism/Demsky%20-%20Kaifeng%20Jewish%20names.pdf">Offprint from These are the Names Studies in Jewish Onomastics Volume 4</a> （<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//web.archive.org/web/20211215085719/http://www2.kenyon.edu/Depts/Religion/Fac/Adler/Reln270/Judaism/Demsky%20-%20Kaifeng%20Jewish%20names.pdf">页面存档备份</a>，存于<a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%92%E8%81%94%E7%BD%91%E6%A1%A3%E6%A1%88%E9%A6%86" title="互联网档案馆">互联网档案馆</a>）</i>. <a href="/w/index.php?title=Bar-Ilan_University_Press&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Bar-Ilan University Press（页面不存在）">Bar-Ilan University Press</a>, 2003. - Names of the Kaifeng Jews, hosted at 凯尼恩学院</li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r84265675"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r84261037">.mw-parser-output .navbox{box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #a2a9b1;width:100%;clear:both;font-size:88%;text-align:center;padding:1px;margin:1em auto 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbox{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox,.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox-styles+.navbox{margin-top:-1px}.mw-parser-output .navbox-inner,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup{width:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-title,.mw-parser-output .navbox-abovebelow{text-align:center;padding-left:1em;padding-right:1em}.mw-parser-output .navbox-group{white-space:nowrap;text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .navbox,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup{background-color:#fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-list{border-color:#fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output 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class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/%E5%A1%9E%E6%B3%95%E8%BF%AA%E7%8A%B9%E5%A4%AA%E4%BA%BA" title="塞法迪犹太人">塞法迪犹太人</a>（<a href="/wiki/%E7%91%AA%E6%8B%89%E8%AB%BE" title="瑪拉諾">瑪拉諾</a>） ·</span> <span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/%E9%98%BF%E4%BB%80%E8%82%AF%E7%B4%8D%E8%8C%B2%E7%8C%B6%E5%A4%AA%E4%BA%BA" title="阿什肯納茲猶太人">阿什肯納茲猶太人</a> ·</span> <span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/%E7%B1%B3%E5%85%B9%E6%8B%89%E5%B8%8C%E7%8A%B9%E5%A4%AA%E4%BA%BA" title="米兹拉希犹太人">米兹拉希犹太人</a>（<a href="/wiki/%E5%B7%B4%E6%A0%BC%E8%BE%BE%E7%8A%B9%E5%A4%AA%E4%BA%BA" title="巴格达犹太人">巴格达</a> ·</span> <span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/%E5%B8%83%E5%93%88%E6%8B%89%E7%8C%B6%E5%A4%AA%E4%BA%BA" title="布哈拉猶太人">布哈拉</a>） ·</span> <span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/%E9%AB%98%E5%8A%A0%E7%B4%A2%E7%8A%B9%E5%A4%AA%E4%BA%BA" title="高加索犹太人">高加索犹太人</a> ·</span> <span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/%E6%9F%8F%E6%9F%8F%E7%88%BE%E7%8C%B6%E5%A4%AA%E4%BA%BA" title="柏柏爾猶太人">柏柏爾猶太人</a> ·</span> <span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/%E9%A6%AC%E6%A0%BC%E9%87%8C%E5%B8%83%E7%8C%B6%E5%A4%AA%E4%BA%BA" title="馬格里布猶太人">馬格拉布猶太人</a> ·</span> <span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/%E9%98%BF%E7%88%BE%E5%8F%8A%E5%88%A9%E4%BA%9E%E7%9A%84%E7%8C%B6%E5%A4%AA%E4%BA%BA" title="阿爾及利亞的猶太人">阿爾及利亞的猶太人</a> ·</span> <span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/%E6%92%92%E9%A6%AC%E5%88%A9%E4%BA%9E%E4%BA%BA" title="撒馬利亞人">撒馬利亞人</a></span></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">各地族群</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/%E8%91%89%E9%96%80%E7%8C%B6%E5%A4%AA%E4%BA%BA" title="葉門猶太人">葉門</a> ·</span> <span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/%E8%81%96%E9%A6%AC%E5%8A%9B%E8%AB%BE%E7%8C%B6%E5%A4%AA%E4%BA%BA" title="聖馬力諾猶太人">聖馬利諾</a> ·</span> <span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/%E7%BE%85%E9%A6%AC%E5%B0%BC%E5%A5%A7%E7%8C%B6%E5%A4%AA%E4%BA%BA" title="羅馬尼奧猶太人">東地中海</a> ·</span> <span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%AD%E5%9C%8B%E7%8C%B6%E5%A4%AA%E4%BA%BA" title="中國猶太人">中国大陆</a>（<a class="mw-selflink selflink">開封</a> ·</span> <span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%A9%E6%B4%A5%E7%8A%B9%E5%A4%AA%E7%A7%BB%E6%B0%91" title="天津犹太移民">天津</a> ·</span> <span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/%E9%A6%99%E6%B8%AF%E7%8C%B6%E5%A4%AA%E4%BA%BA" title="香港猶太人">香港</a> ·</span> <span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/%E5%93%88%E7%88%BE%E6%BF%B1%E5%83%91%E6%B0%91#猶太僑民" title="哈爾濱僑民">哈爾濱</a>） ·</span> <span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/%E5%9C%A8%E8%87%BA%E7%8C%B6%E5%A4%AA%E4%BA%BA" title="在臺猶太人">臺灣</a> ·</span> <span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/%E7%89%99%E8%B2%B7%E5%8A%A0%E7%8C%B6%E5%A4%AA%E4%BA%BA" title="牙買加猶太人">牙買加</a> ·</span> <span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/%E5%85%8B%E9%87%8C%E5%A7%86%E6%9F%A5%E5%85%8B%E4%BA%BA" title="克里姆查克人">克里米亞</a> ·</span> <span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/%E4%BB%A5%E8%89%B2%E5%88%97%E4%B9%8B%E5%AD%90" title="以色列之子">印度</a> ·</span> <span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/%E6%9F%AF%E6%9E%9D%E7%8C%B6%E5%A4%AA%E4%BA%BA" title="柯枝猶太人">印度喀拉拉邦</a> ·</span> <span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/%E9%98%BF%E5%B7%B4%E5%B0%A4%E9%81%94%E4%BA%9E" title="阿巴尤達亞">烏干達</a> ·</span> <span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/%E8%B4%9D%E5%A1%94%E4%BB%A5%E8%89%B2%E5%88%97" title="贝塔以色列">衣索比亞</a> ·</span> <span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/%E6%97%A5%E6%9C%AC%E7%8C%B6%E5%A4%AA%E4%BA%BA" title="日本猶太人">日本</a> ·</span> <span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/%E7%B7%AC%E7%94%B8%E7%9A%84%E7%8C%B6%E5%A4%AA%E4%BA%BA" title="緬甸的猶太人">緬甸</a> ·</span> <span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/%E7%8C%B6%E5%A4%AA%E8%87%AA%E6%B2%BB%E5%B7%9E" class="mw-redirect" title="猶太自治州">俄羅斯</a></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="14" style="width:1px;padding:0px 0px 0px 2px"><div><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Menorah_blue.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/69/Menorah_blue.svg/80px-Menorah_blue.svg.png" decoding="async" width="80" height="72" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/69/Menorah_blue.svg/120px-Menorah_blue.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/69/Menorah_blue.svg/160px-Menorah_blue.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="393" data-file-height="356" /></a></span></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/%E7%8C%B6%E5%A4%AA%E8%AA%9E%E8%A8%80" title="猶太語言">语言</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px;padding：0.25em 0;line-height：1.4em;"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/%E5%B8%8C%E4%BC%AF%E6%9D%A5%E8%AF%AD" title="希伯来语">希伯来语</a> ·</span> <span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/%E7%8C%B6%E5%A4%AA-%E6%91%A9%E6%B4%9B%E5%93%A5%E8%AA%9E" title="猶太-摩洛哥語">猶太-摩洛哥語</a> ·</span> <span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/%E7%8C%B6%E5%A4%AA-%E9%98%BF%E6%8B%89%E4%BC%AF%E8%AA%9E" title="猶太-阿拉伯語">猶太-阿拉伯語</a> ·</span> <span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/%E7%8A%B9%E5%A4%AA%E8%A5%BF%E7%8F%AD%E7%89%99%E8%AF%AD" title="犹太西班牙语">拉迪諾語</a> ·</span> <span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/%E7%8C%B6%E5%A4%AA%E8%91%A1%E8%90%84%E7%89%99%E8%AA%9E" title="猶太葡萄牙語">猶太-葡萄牙語</a> ·</span> <span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/%E6%84%8F%E7%AC%AC%E7%B7%92%E8%AA%9E" title="意第緒語">意第緒語</a> ·</span> <span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/%E7%8A%B9%E5%A4%AA-%E7%BD%97%E6%9B%BC%E8%AF%AD%E6%94%AF" title="犹太-罗曼语支">犹太-罗曼语支</a> ·</span> <span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/%E5%B8%8C%E4%BC%AF%E4%BE%86%E8%AA%9E%E5%BE%A9%E8%88%88" title="希伯來語復興">希伯來語復興</a></span></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/%E7%8A%B9%E5%A4%AA%E6%95%99" title="犹太教">宗教运动</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0px;padding：0.25em 0;line-height：1.4em;"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/%E7%8C%B6%E5%A4%AA%E6%95%99%E6%AD%A3%E7%B5%B1%E6%B4%BE" title="猶太教正統派">正统派</a>（<span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="哈达尔" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Hardal"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/wiki/%E5%93%88%E9%81%94%E7%88%BE" title="哈達爾">哈达尔</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hardal" class="extiw" title="en:Hardal"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Hardal</span></a></span>）</span></span> ·</span> <span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/%E5%93%88%E9%9B%B7%E8%BF%AA%E7%8C%B6%E5%A4%AA%E6%95%99" title="哈雷迪猶太教">哈雷迪</a> ·</span> <span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/%E5%93%88%E8%A5%BF%E8%BF%AA%E7%8C%B6%E5%A4%AA%E6%95%99" title="哈西迪猶太教">哈西迪</a> ·</span> <span class="nowrap"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%8E%B0%E4%BB%A3%E6%AD%A3%E7%BB%9F%E6%B4%BE%E7%8A%B9%E5%A4%AA%E6%95%99&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="现代正统派犹太教（页面不存在）">现代正统派</a>） ·</span> <span class="nowrap"><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="慕沙运动" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Musar Movement"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%85%95%E6%B2%99%E8%BF%90%E5%8A%A8&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="慕沙运动（页面不存在）">慕沙运动</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Musar_Movement" class="extiw" title="en:Musar Movement"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Musar Movement</span></a></span>）</span></span> ·</span> <span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/%E7%8C%B6%E5%A4%AA%E6%95%99%E4%BF%9D%E5%AE%88%E6%B4%BE" title="猶太教保守派">保守派</a>（<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%8A%B9%E5%A4%AA%E6%95%99%E4%BF%9D%E5%AE%88%E6%AD%A3%E7%BB%9F%E6%B4%BE&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="犹太教保守正统派（页面不存在）">保守正统派</a> ·</span> <span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/%E7%8C%B6%E5%A4%AA%E6%95%99%E9%87%8D%E5%BB%BA%E6%B4%BE" title="猶太教重建派">重建派</a>） ·</span> <span class="nowrap"><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="猶太教復興派" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Jewish_Renewal"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%8C%B6%E5%A4%AA%E6%95%99%E5%BE%A9%E8%88%88%E6%B4%BE&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="猶太教復興派（页面不存在）">復興運動</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jewish_Renewal" class="extiw" title="en:Jewish Renewal"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Jewish_Renewal</span></a></span>）</span></span> ·</span> <span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/%E7%8C%B6%E5%A4%AA%E6%95%99%E6%94%B9%E9%9D%A9%E6%B4%BE" title="猶太教改革派">改革派</a> ·</span> <span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/%E6%8B%89%E6%AF%94%E7%8C%B6%E5%A4%AA%E6%95%99" title="拉比猶太教">拉比派</a> ·</span> <span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/%E7%8A%B9%E5%A4%AA%E6%95%99%E5%8D%A1%E6%8B%89%E6%B4%BE" title="犹太教卡拉派">卡拉派</a>（<a href="/wiki/%E5%8D%A1%E6%8B%89%E4%BC%8A%E5%A7%86%E4%BA%BA" title="卡拉伊姆人">卡拉伊姆人</a>） ·</span> <span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/%E6%92%92%E9%A9%AC%E5%88%A9%E4%BA%9A%E6%95%99" title="撒马利亚教">撒马利亚派</a> ·</span> <span class="nowrap"><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="犹太教宗派分立" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Jewish schisms"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%8A%B9%E5%A4%AA%E6%95%99%E5%AE%97%E6%B4%BE%E5%88%86%E7%AB%8B&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="犹太教宗派分立（页面不存在）">宗派分立</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jewish_schisms" class="extiw" title="en:Jewish schisms"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Jewish schisms</span></a></span>）</span></span> ·</span> <span class="nowrap"><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="犹太教人文派" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Humanistic Judaism"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%8A%B9%E5%A4%AA%E6%95%99%E4%BA%BA%E6%96%87%E6%B4%BE&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="犹太教人文派（页面不存在）">人文派</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Humanistic_Judaism" class="extiw" title="en:Humanistic Judaism"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Humanistic Judaism</span></a></span>）</span></span> ·</span> <span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Category:%E7%8C%B6%E5%A4%AA%E7%84%A1%E7%A5%9E%E8%AB%96%E8%80%85" title="Category:猶太無神論者">无神论</a></span></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/%E7%8C%B6%E5%A4%AA%E6%95%99%E5%93%B2%E5%AD%B8" title="猶太教哲學">哲学</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px;padding：0.25em 0;line-height：1.4em;"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"><span class="nowrap"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%8A%B9%E5%A4%AA%E5%9F%BA%E6%9C%AC%E4%BF%A1%E4%BB%B0&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="犹太基本信仰（页面不存在）">基本信仰</a> ·</span> <span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/%E9%80%89%E6%B0%91_(%E5%AE%97%E6%95%99)" class="mw-redirect" title="选民 (宗教)">选民观念</a> ·</span> <span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/%E7%8A%B9%E5%A4%AA%E6%95%99%E6%9C%AB%E4%B8%96%E8%AE%BA" title="犹太教末世论">末世论</a> ·</span> <span class="nowrap"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%8A%B9%E5%A4%AA%E4%BC%A6%E7%90%86&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="犹太伦理（页面不存在）">伦理</a> ·</span> <span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/%E5%93%88%E6%8B%89%E5%8D%A1" title="哈拉卡">哈拉卡</a> ·</span> <span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/%E7%B4%8D%E7%B2%B9%E5%A4%A7%E5%B1%A0%E6%AE%BA" title="納粹大屠殺">大屠杀理论</a> ·</span> <span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/%E5%8D%A1%E5%B7%B4%E6%8B%89" title="卡巴拉">卡巴拉</a> ·</span> <span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/%E7%AC%A6%E5%90%88%E6%95%99%E8%A6%8F%E7%9A%84%E9%A3%9F%E7%89%A9_(%E7%8C%B6%E5%A4%AA%E6%95%99)" title="符合教規的食物 (猶太教)">洁食</a> ·</span> <span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/%E5%BD%8C%E8%B3%BD%E4%BA%9E" title="彌賽亞">彌賽亞</a> ·</span> <span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Category:%E7%8A%B9%E5%A4%AA%E6%95%99%E4%B8%AD%E7%A5%9E%E7%9A%84%E5%90%8D%E5%AD%97" title="Category:犹太教中神的名字">神的名字</a> ·</span> <span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/%E6%8C%AA%E4%BA%9E%E4%B8%83%E5%BE%8B" title="挪亞七律">挪亞七律</a> ·</span> <span class="nowrap"><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="犹太慈善观" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Tzedakah"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%8A%B9%E5%A4%AA%E6%85%88%E5%96%84%E8%A7%82&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="犹太慈善观（页面不存在）">慈善观</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tzedakah" class="extiw" title="en:Tzedakah"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Tzedakah</span></a></span>）</span></span> ·</span> <span class="nowrap"><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="犹太着装条例" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Tzniut"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%8A%B9%E5%A4%AA%E7%9D%80%E8%A3%85%E6%9D%A1%E4%BE%8B&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="犹太着装条例（页面不存在）">着装条例</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tzniut" class="extiw" title="en:Tzniut"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Tzniut</span></a></span>）</span></span></span></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/%E7%8C%B6%E5%A4%AA%E6%96%87%E5%AD%B8" title="猶太文學">文學</a>·宗教文献</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0px;padding：0.25em 0;line-height：1.4em;"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/%E5%A1%94%E7%B4%8D%E8%B5%AB" title="塔納赫">塔納赫</a>（<a href="/wiki/%E5%A6%A5%E6%8B%89" title="妥拉">妥拉</a>/<a href="/wiki/%E6%91%A9%E8%A5%BF%E4%BA%94%E7%BB%8F" title="摩西五经">摩西五经</a> ·</span> <span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/%E5%85%88%E7%9F%A5%E4%B9%A6" title="先知书">先知书</a> ·</span> <span class="nowrap"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%99%BA%E6%85%A7%E4%B9%A6&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="智慧书（页面不存在）">智慧书</a>） ·</span> <span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/%E5%A1%94%E6%9C%A8%E5%BE%B7" title="塔木德">塔木德</a>（<a href="/wiki/%E7%B1%B3%E6%9B%B8%E6%8B%BF" title="米書拿">米書拿</a> ·</span> <span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/%E9%9D%A9%E9%A6%AC%E6%8B%89" title="革馬拉">革馬拉</a> ·</span> <span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/%E7%B1%B3%E5%BE%B7%E6%8B%89%E4%BB%80" title="米德拉什">米德拉什</a>） ·</span> <span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/%E9%99%80%E7%91%9F%E4%BB%96" title="陀瑟他">陀瑟他</a> ·</span> <span class="nowrap"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%8B%89%E6%AF%94%E6%96%87%E5%AD%A6&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="拉比文学（页面不存在）">拉比文学</a> ·</span> <span class="nowrap"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%AF%86%E8%A5%BF%E6%8B%BF%E6%89%98%E6%8B%89&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="密西拿托拉（页面不存在）">密西拿托拉</a> ·</span> <span class="nowrap"><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="四部法典" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Arba'ah Turim"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%9B%9B%E9%83%A8%E6%B3%95%E5%85%B8&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="四部法典（页面不存在）">四部法典</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arba%27ah_Turim" class="extiw" title="en:Arba'ah Turim"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Arba'ah Turim</span></a></span>）</span></span> ·</span> <span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/%E5%A1%94%E6%9C%A8%E5%BE%B7" title="塔木德">犹太法典</a> ·</span> <span class="nowrap"><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="清晰教導集" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Mishnah Berurah"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%B8%85%E6%99%B0%E6%95%99%E5%B0%8E%E9%9B%86&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="清晰教導集（页面不存在）">清晰教導集</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mishnah_Berurah" class="extiw" title="en:Mishnah Berurah"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Mishnah Berurah</span></a></span>）</span></span> ·</span> <span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/%E5%85%89%E6%98%8E%E7%AF%87" title="光明篇">光明篇</a> ·</span> <span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/%E5%93%88%E5%8A%A0%E8%BE%BE" title="哈加达">哈加达</a> ·</span> <span class="nowrap"><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="犹太诗歌" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Piyyut"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%8A%B9%E5%A4%AA%E8%AF%97%E6%AD%8C&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="犹太诗歌（页面不存在）">诗歌</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Piyyut" class="extiw" title="en:Piyyut"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Piyyut</span></a></span>）</span></span> ·</span> <span class="nowrap"><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="犹太教祈祷书" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Siddur"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%8A%B9%E5%A4%AA%E6%95%99%E7%A5%88%E7%A5%B7%E4%B9%A6&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="犹太教祈祷书（页面不存在）">祈祷书</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Siddur" class="extiw" title="en:Siddur"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Siddur</span></a></span>）</span></span> ·</span> <span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/%E5%B8%8C%E4%BC%AF%E4%BE%86%E6%96%87%E5%AD%B8" title="希伯來文學">希伯來文學</a></span></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">圣经人物</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px;padding：0.25em 0;line-height：1.4em;"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%9E%E4%BC%AF%E6%8B%89%E7%BD%95" title="亞伯拉罕">亞伯拉罕</a> ·</span> <span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/%E4%BB%A5%E6%92%92" title="以撒">以撒</a> ·</span> <span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/%E9%9B%85%E5%90%84_(%E8%88%8A%E7%B4%84%E8%81%96%E7%B6%93)" title="雅各 (舊約聖經)">雅各</a> ·</span> <span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/%E6%92%92%E6%8B%89" title="撒拉">撒拉</a> ·</span> <span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/%E5%88%A9%E7%99%BE%E5%8A%A0" title="利百加">利百加</a> ·</span> <span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/%E6%8B%89%E7%BB%93" title="拉结">拉结</a> ·</span> <span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/%E5%88%A9%E4%BA%9E" title="利亞">利亞</a> ·</span> <span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/%E6%91%A9%E8%A5%BF" title="摩西">摩西</a> ·</span> <span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/%E5%BA%95%E6%B3%A2%E6%8B%89" title="底波拉">底波拉</a> ·</span> <span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/%E8%B7%AF%E5%BE%97%E8%A8%98" title="路得記">路得</a> ·</span> <span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%A7%E8%A1%9B%E7%8E%8B" title="大衛王">大衛王</a> ·</span> <span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/%E6%89%80%E7%BE%85%E9%96%80" title="所羅門">所羅門</a> ·</span> <span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/%E4%BB%A5%E5%88%A9%E4%BA%9E" title="以利亞">以利亞</a></span></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Category:%E7%8A%B9%E5%A4%AA%E6%95%99%E5%AE%97%E6%95%99%E9%A2%86%E8%A2%96" title="Category:犹太教宗教领袖">犹太教领袖</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0px;padding：0.25em 0;line-height：1.4em;"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/%E5%B8%8C%E5%8B%92%E5%B0%94%E9%95%BF%E8%80%81" title="希勒尔长老">老希列</a> ·</span> <span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/%E7%85%9E%E8%B2%B7" title="煞買">煞買</a> ·</span> <span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/%E7%8A%B9%E5%A4%A7%C2%B7%E5%93%88-%E7%BA%B3%E8%A5%BF" title="犹大·哈-纳西">犹大·哈-纳西</a> ·</span> <span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/%E8%90%A8%E9%98%BF%E8%BF%AA%E4%BA%9A%C2%B7%E6%9E%9C%E6%98%82" title="萨阿迪亚·果昂">萨蒂亚·高安</a> ·</span> <span class="nowrap"><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="杰顺·本·犹大" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Gershom_ben_Judah"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%9D%B0%E9%A1%BA%C2%B7%E6%9C%AC%C2%B7%E7%8A%B9%E5%A4%A7&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="杰顺·本·犹大（页面不存在）">杰顺·本·犹大</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gershom_ben_Judah" class="extiw" title="en:Gershom ben Judah"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Gershom_ben_Judah</span></a></span>）</span></span> ·</span> <span class="nowrap"><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="以撒·奥法西" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Isaac_Alfasi"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E4%BB%A5%E6%92%92%C2%B7%E5%A5%A5%E6%B3%95%E8%A5%BF&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="以撒·奥法西（页面不存在）">以撒·奥法西</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Isaac_Alfasi" class="extiw" title="en:Isaac Alfasi"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Isaac_Alfasi</span></a></span>）</span></span> ·</span> <span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/%E6%8B%89%E4%BB%80" title="拉什">拉什</a> ·</span> <span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/%E7%8A%B9%E5%A4%A7%C2%B7%E5%93%88%E5%88%97%E7%BB%B4" title="犹大·哈列维">犹大·哈列维</a> ·</span> <span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/%E9%98%BF%E4%BC%AF%E6%8B%89%E7%BD%95%C2%B7%E4%BC%8A%E6%9C%AC%C2%B7%E5%9F%83%E8%8C%B2%E6%8B%89" title="阿伯拉罕·伊本·埃茲拉">亚伯拉罕·伊本·以斯拉</a> ·</span> <span class="nowrap"><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="薩菲斯茨列表" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="List_of_Tosafists"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%96%A9%E8%8F%B2%E6%96%AF%E8%8C%A8%E5%88%97%E8%A1%A8&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="薩菲斯茨列表（页面不存在）">中世纪犹太教士</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_Tosafists" class="extiw" title="en:List of Tosafists"><span lang="en" dir="auto">List_of_Tosafists</span></a></span>）</span></span> ·</span> <span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/%E9%82%81%E8%92%99%E5%B0%BC%E5%BE%B7" title="邁蒙尼德">邁蒙尼德</a> ·</span> <span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/%E7%B4%8D%E8%B3%80%E8%92%99%E5%B0%BC%E5%BE%B7" title="納賀蒙尼德">纳曼尼德</a> ·</span> <span class="nowrap"><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="阿舍·本·杰希勒" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Asher_ben_Jehiel"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E9%98%BF%E8%88%8D%C2%B7%E6%9C%AC%C2%B7%E6%9D%B0%E5%B8%8C%E5%8B%92&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="阿舍·本·杰希勒（页面不存在）">阿舍·本·杰希勒</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Asher_ben_Jehiel" class="extiw" title="en:Asher ben Jehiel"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Asher_ben_Jehiel</span></a></span>）</span></span> ·</span> <span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/%E5%90%89%E5%B0%94%E6%9D%BE%E5%B0%BC%E5%BE%B7" title="吉尔松尼德">盖森尼德</a> ·</span> <span class="nowrap"><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="约瑟夫·埃尔伯" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Joseph_Albo"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%BA%A6%E7%91%9F%E5%A4%AB%C2%B7%E5%9F%83%E5%B0%94%E4%BC%AF&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="约瑟夫·埃尔伯（页面不存在）">约瑟夫·埃尔伯</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Joseph_Albo" class="extiw" title="en:Joseph Albo"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Joseph_Albo</span></a></span>）</span></span> ·</span> <span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/%E9%98%BF%E5%B7%B4%E4%BC%AF%E5%85%A7%E7%88%BE" title="阿巴伯內爾">以撒·亚伯拉班内尔</a> ·</span> <span class="nowrap"><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="以撒•卢里亚" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Isaac_Luria"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E4%BB%A5%E6%92%92%E2%80%A2%E5%8D%A2%E9%87%8C%E4%BA%9A&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="以撒•卢里亚（页面不存在）">以撒•卢里亚</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Isaac_Luria" class="extiw" title="en:Isaac Luria"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Isaac_Luria</span></a></span>）</span></span> ·</span> <span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/%E5%B7%B4%E5%B0%94%C2%B7%E8%B0%A2%E5%A7%86%C2%B7%E6%89%98%E5%A4%AB" title="巴尔·谢姆·托夫">巴尔·闪·托夫</a> ·</span> <span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/%E7%BB%B4%E5%B0%94%E7%BA%B3%E9%98%81%E4%B8%8B" title="维尔纳阁下">维尔纳·高安</a> ·</span> <span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/%E6%91%A9%E8%A5%BF%C2%B7%E9%97%A8%E5%BE%B7%E5%B0%94%E6%9D%BE" title="摩西·门德尔松">摩西·门德尔松</a> ·</span> <span class="nowrap"><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="利奥波德·聪茨" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Leopold_Zunz"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%88%A9%E5%A5%A5%E6%B3%A2%E5%BE%B7%C2%B7%E8%81%AA%E8%8C%A8&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="利奥波德·聪茨（页面不存在）">利奥波德·聪茨</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Leopold_Zunz" class="extiw" title="en:Leopold Zunz"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Leopold_Zunz</span></a></span>）</span></span> ·</span> <span class="nowrap"><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="桑松·拉斐尔·赫希" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Samson_Raphael_Hirsch"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%A1%91%E6%9D%BE%C2%B7%E6%8B%89%E6%96%90%E5%B0%94%C2%B7%E8%B5%AB%E5%B8%8C&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="桑松·拉斐尔·赫希（页面不存在）">桑松·拉斐尔·赫希</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Samson_Raphael_Hirsch" class="extiw" title="en:Samson Raphael Hirsch"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Samson_Raphael_Hirsch</span></a></span>）</span></span> ·</span> <span class="nowrap"><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="亚伯拉罕·盖革" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Abraham_Geiger"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E4%BA%9A%E4%BC%AF%E6%8B%89%E7%BD%95%C2%B7%E7%9B%96%E9%9D%A9&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="亚伯拉罕·盖革（页面不存在）">亚伯拉罕·盖革</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abraham_Geiger" class="extiw" title="en:Abraham Geiger"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Abraham_Geiger</span></a></span>）</span></span> ·</span> <span class="nowrap"><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="所罗门·谢克特" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Solomon_Schechter"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%89%80%E7%BD%97%E9%97%A8%C2%B7%E8%B0%A2%E5%85%8B%E7%89%B9&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="所罗门·谢克特（页面不存在）">所罗门·谢克特</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solomon_Schechter" class="extiw" title="en:Solomon Schechter"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Solomon_Schechter</span></a></span>）</span></span></span></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%8A%B9%E5%A4%AA%E4%B8%96%E4%BF%97%E6%96%87%E5%8C%96&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="犹太世俗文化（页面不存在）">世俗文化</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px;padding：0.25em 0;line-height：1.4em;"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"><span class="nowrap"><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="世俗猶太人" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Hiloni"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E4%B8%96%E4%BF%97%E7%8C%B6%E5%A4%AA%E4%BA%BA&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="世俗猶太人（页面不存在）">世俗</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hiloni" class="extiw" title="en:Hiloni"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Hiloni</span></a></span>）</span></span> ·</span> <span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/%E8%B0%81%E6%98%AF%E7%8A%B9%E5%A4%AA%E4%BA%BA%EF%BC%9F" title="谁是犹太人？">谁是犹太人?</a> ·</span> <span class="nowrap"><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="祈祷最低人数" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Minyan"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%A5%88%E7%A5%B7%E6%9C%80%E4%BD%8E%E4%BA%BA%E6%95%B0&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="祈祷最低人数（页面不存在）">祈祷最低人数</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Minyan" class="extiw" title="en:Minyan"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Minyan</span></a></span>）</span></span> ·</span> <span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/%E7%8C%B6%E5%A4%AA%E6%95%99%E6%88%90%E4%BA%BA%E7%A6%AE" title="猶太教成人禮">成人礼</a> ·</span> <span class="nowrap"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%8A%B9%E5%A4%AA%E6%95%99%E4%B8%A7%E7%A4%BC&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="犹太教丧礼（页面不存在）">丧礼</a> ·</span> <span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/%E5%89%B2%E7%A6%AE" title="割禮">割禮</a> ·</span> <span class="nowrap"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%8A%B9%E5%A4%AA%E4%BA%BA%E8%AF%8D%E6%BA%90&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="犹太人词源（页面不存在）">犹太人词源</a> ·</span> <span class="nowrap"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%8A%B9%E5%A4%AA%E4%BA%BA%E5%A9%9A%E5%A7%BB&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="犹太人婚姻（页面不存在）">婚姻</a> ·</span> <span class="nowrap"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%8A%B9%E5%A4%AA%E4%BA%BA%E5%A9%9A%E7%A4%BC&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="犹太人婚礼（页面不存在）">婚礼</a> ·</span> <span class="nowrap"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%8A%B9%E5%A4%AA%E6%B4%81%E5%87%80%E8%A7%82%E5%BF%B5&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="犹太洁净观念（页面不存在）">犹太洁净观念</a> ·</span> <span class="nowrap"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E9%95%BF%E5%AD%90%E8%B5%8E%E9%93%B6&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="长子赎银（页面不存在）">长子赎银</a> ·</span> <span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/%E7%8C%B6%E5%A4%AA%E4%BA%BA%E9%A3%B2%E9%A3%9F" title="猶太人飲食">犹太人饮食</a> ·</span> <span class="nowrap"><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="犹太媒妁" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Shidduch"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%8A%B9%E5%A4%AA%E5%AA%92%E5%A6%81&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="犹太媒妁（页面不存在）">犹太媒妁</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shidduch" class="extiw" title="en:Shidduch"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Shidduch</span></a></span>）</span></span> ·</span> <span class="nowrap"><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="犹太女婴命名仪式" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Zeved habat"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%8A%B9%E5%A4%AA%E5%A5%B3%E5%A9%B4%E5%91%BD%E5%90%8D%E4%BB%AA%E5%BC%8F&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="犹太女婴命名仪式（页面不存在）">犹太女婴命名仪式</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zeved_habat" class="extiw" title="en:Zeved habat"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Zeved habat</span></a></span>）</span></span> ·</span> <span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/%E7%9A%88%E4%BE%9D%E7%8C%B6%E5%A4%AA%E6%95%99" title="皈依猶太教">皈依犹太教</a></span></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Category:%E7%8A%B9%E5%A4%AA%E6%95%99%E5%A4%B4%E8%A1%94" title="Category:犹太教头衔">神职</a>·圣迹</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0px;padding：0.25em 0;line-height：1.4em;"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/%E7%8A%B9%E5%A4%AA%E6%95%99%E5%9B%9B%E5%A4%A7%E5%9C%A3%E5%9F%8E" title="犹太教四大圣城">四大圣城</a>（<a href="/wiki/%E8%80%B6%E8%B7%AF%E6%92%92%E5%86%B7" title="耶路撒冷">耶路撒冷</a> ·</span> <span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/%E9%87%87%E6%B3%95%E7%89%B9" title="采法特">采法特</a> ·</span> <span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/%E5%B8%8C%E4%BC%AF%E4%BC%A6" title="希伯伦">希伯仑</a> ·</span> <span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/%E6%8F%90%E6%AF%94%E9%87%8C%E4%BA%9E" title="提比里亞">提比里亞</a>） ·</span> <span class="nowrap"><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="犹太宗教法庭" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Beth din"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%8A%B9%E5%A4%AA%E5%AE%97%E6%95%99%E6%B3%95%E5%BA%AD&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="犹太宗教法庭（页面不存在）">法庭</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Beth_din" class="extiw" title="en:Beth din"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Beth din</span></a></span>）</span></span> ·</span> <span class="nowrap"><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="会堂管理人" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Gabbai"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E4%BC%9A%E5%A0%82%E7%AE%A1%E7%90%86%E4%BA%BA&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="会堂管理人（页面不存在）">会堂管理人</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gabbai" class="extiw" title="en:Gabbai"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Gabbai</span></a></span>）</span></span> ·</span> <span class="nowrap"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%8A%B9%E5%A4%AA%E6%95%99%E9%A2%86%E5%94%B1&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="犹太教领唱（页面不存在）">领唱</a> ·</span> <span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%9E%E5%80%AB%E5%AD%90%E5%AD%AB" title="亞倫子孫">祭司</a> ·</span> <span class="nowrap"><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="說教師" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Maggid"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%AA%AA%E6%95%99%E5%B8%AB&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="說教師（页面不存在）">說教師</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maggid" class="extiw" title="en:Maggid"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Maggid</span></a></span>）</span></span> ·</span> <span class="nowrap"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%8A%B9%E5%A4%AA%E6%B4%81%E9%A3%9F%E7%9B%91%E7%9D%A3%E4%BA%BA&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="犹太洁食监督人（页面不存在）">犹太洁食监督人</a> ·</span> <span class="nowrap"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%8A%B9%E5%A4%AA%E6%B4%81%E5%87%80%E7%A4%BC&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="犹太洁净礼（页面不存在）">犹太洁净礼</a> ·</span> <span class="nowrap"><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="穆漢" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Mohel"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%A9%86%E6%BC%A2&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="穆漢（页面不存在）">穆漢</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mohel" class="extiw" title="en:Mohel"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Mohel</span></a></span>）</span></span> ·</span> <span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/%E6%8B%89%E6%AF%94" title="拉比">拉比</a> ·</span> <span class="nowrap"><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="列比" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Rebbe"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%88%97%E6%AF%94&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="列比（页面不存在）">列比</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rebbe" class="extiw" title="en:Rebbe"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Rebbe</span></a></span>）</span></span> ·</span> <span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/%E7%8A%B9%E5%A4%AA%E7%A5%9E%E5%AD%A6%E9%99%A2" class="mw-redirect" title="犹太神学院">神学院</a> ·</span> <span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/%E7%8C%B6%E5%A4%AA%E6%9C%83%E5%A0%82" title="猶太會堂">猶太會堂</a> ·</span> <span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/%E8%80%B6%E8%B7%AF%E6%92%92%E5%86%B7%E8%81%96%E6%AE%BF" title="耶路撒冷聖殿">圣殿</a> ·</span> <span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/%E4%BC%9A%E5%B9%95" title="会幕">会幕</a> ·</span> <span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/%E8%A5%BF%E5%A2%99" title="西墙">西墙</a></span></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><span style="line-height:1.1em;">宗教用具<br />祈祷仪式</span></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px;padding：0.25em 0;line-height：1.4em;"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"><span class="nowrap"><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="我們有責任" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Aleinu"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%88%91%E5%80%91%E6%9C%89%E8%B2%AC%E4%BB%BB&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="我們有責任（页面不存在）">我們有責任</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aleinu" class="extiw" title="en:Aleinu"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Aleinu</span></a></span>）</span></span> ·</span> <span class="nowrap"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%8A%B9%E5%A4%AA%E6%95%99%E7%A5%B7%E6%96%87&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="犹太教祷文（页面不存在）">犹太教祷文</a> ·</span> <span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/%E4%BD%8F%E6%A3%9A%E8%8A%82%E5%9B%9B%E6%A0%B7%E6%A4%8D%E7%89%A9" title="住棚节四样植物">四样植物</a> ·</span> <span class="nowrap"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%8A%A0%E7%89%B9%E5%B0%94&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="加特尔（页面不存在）">加特尔</a> ·</span> <span class="nowrap"><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="讚美詩篇" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Hallel"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%AE%9A%E7%BE%8E%E8%A9%A9%E7%AF%87&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="讚美詩篇（页面不存在）">讚美詩篇</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hallel" class="extiw" title="en:Hallel"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Hallel</span></a></span>）</span></span> ·</span> <span class="nowrap"><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="安息日结束礼" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Havdalah"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%AE%89%E6%81%AF%E6%97%A5%E7%BB%93%E6%9D%9F%E7%A4%BC&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="安息日结束礼（页面不存在）">安息日结束礼</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Havdalah" class="extiw" title="en:Havdalah"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Havdalah</span></a></span>）</span></span> ·</span> <span class="nowrap"><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="聖頌" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Kaddish"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%81%96%E9%A0%8C&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="聖頌（页面不存在）">聖頌</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kaddish" class="extiw" title="en:Kaddish"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Kaddish</span></a></span>）</span></span> ·</span> <span class="nowrap"><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="基特尔" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Kittel"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%9F%BA%E7%89%B9%E5%B0%94&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="基特尔（页面不存在）">基特尔</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kittel" class="extiw" title="en:Kittel"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Kittel</span></a></span>）</span></span> ·</span> <span class="nowrap"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%B5%8E%E7%BD%AA%E6%97%A5%E7%A5%88%E7%A5%B7&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="赎罪日祈祷（页面不存在）">赎罪日祈祷</a> ·</span> <span class="nowrap"><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="玛托福" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Ma Tovu"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%8E%9B%E6%89%98%E7%A6%8F&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="玛托福（页面不存在）">玛托福</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ma_Tovu" class="extiw" title="en:Ma Tovu"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Ma Tovu</span></a></span>）</span></span> ·</span> <span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/%E7%8C%B6%E5%A4%AA%E6%95%99%E7%87%88%E8%87%BA" title="猶太教燈臺">猶太教燈臺</a>（<a href="/wiki/%E5%85%89%E6%98%8E%E8%8A%82%E7%81%AF%E5%8F%B0" title="光明节灯台">再献圣殿节灯台</a>） ·</span> <span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/%E9%97%A8%E6%A1%86%E7%BB%8F%E6%96%87%E7%9B%92" title="门框经文盒">门柱圣卷</a> ·</span> <span class="nowrap"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%8A%B9%E5%A4%AA%E6%95%99%E7%A5%88%E7%A5%B7%E7%A4%BC&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="犹太教祈祷礼（页面不存在）">祈祷礼</a> ·</span> <span class="nowrap"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%89%98%E6%8B%89%E7%BB%8F%E5%8D%B7&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="托拉经卷（页面不存在）">经卷</a> ·</span> <span class="nowrap"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%8A%B9%E5%A4%AA%E6%95%99%E7%A5%88%E7%A5%B7%E6%96%87&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="犹太教祈祷文（页面不存在）">祈祷文</a> ·</span> <span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/%E7%A4%BA%E7%91%AA" title="示瑪">听！以色列</a> ·</span> <span class="nowrap"><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="肖法号角" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="shofar"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%82%96%E6%B3%95%E5%8F%B7%E8%A7%92&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="肖法号角（页面不存在）">羊角号</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/shofar" class="extiw" title="en:shofar"><span lang="en" dir="auto">shofar</span></a></span>）</span></span> ·</span> <span class="nowrap"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%8A%B9%E5%A4%AA%E6%8A%AB%E5%B7%BE&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="犹太披巾（页面不存在）">披巾</a> ·</span> <span class="nowrap"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%8A%B9%E5%A4%AA%E7%BB%8F%E6%96%87%E5%8C%A3&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="犹太经文匣（页面不存在）">经文匣</a> ·</span> <span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/%E7%B9%B8%E5%AD%90" title="繸子">流苏</a> ·</span> <span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/%E6%8C%87%E7%B6%93%E6%A8%99" title="指經標">读经之手</a> ·</span> <span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/%E5%9F%BA%E5%B8%95_(%E7%8C%B6%E5%A4%AA%E6%95%99)" title="基帕 (猶太教)">基巴</a></span></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><span style="line-height:1.1em;"><br />与其他宗教的关系</span></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0px;padding：0.25em 0;line-height：1.4em;"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"><span class="nowrap"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%8A%B9%E5%A4%AA%E6%95%99%E5%AF%B9%E5%AE%97%E6%95%99%E5%A4%9A%E5%85%83%E5%8C%96%E7%9A%84%E8%A7%82%E7%82%B9&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="犹太教对宗教多元化的观点（页面不存在）">犹太教对宗教多元化的观点</a> ·</span> <span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%9A%E4%BC%AF%E6%8B%89%E7%BD%95%E5%AE%97%E6%95%99" class="mw-redirect" title="亚伯拉罕宗教">亚伯拉罕宗教</a> ·</span> <span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/%E7%8A%B9%E5%A4%AA%E6%95%99%E4%B8%8E%E5%9F%BA%E7%9D%A3%E6%95%99" title="犹太教与基督教">基督教</a>（<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%A4%A9%E4%B8%BB%E6%95%99%E4%B8%8E%E7%8A%B9%E5%A4%AA%E6%95%99&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="天主教与犹太教（页面不存在）">天主教</a> ·</span> <span class="nowrap"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%9F%BA%E7%9D%A3%E6%95%99%E7%8A%B9%E5%A4%AA%E5%92%8C%E8%A7%A3&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="基督教犹太和解（页面不存在）">基督教犹太和解</a> ·</span> <span class="nowrap"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%8A%B9%E5%A4%AA%E5%9F%BA%E7%9D%A3%E6%95%99%E5%BE%92&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="犹太基督教徒（页面不存在）">犹太基督教徒</a> ·</span> <span class="nowrap"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%91%A9%E5%B0%94%E9%97%A8%E6%95%99%E4%B8%8E%E7%8A%B9%E5%A4%AA%E6%95%99&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="摩尔门教与犹太教（页面不存在）">摩尔门教</a> ·</span> <span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/%E5%BC%A5%E8%B5%9B%E4%BA%9A%E7%8A%B9%E5%A4%AA%E6%95%99" title="弥赛亚犹太教">弥赛亚犹太教</a>） ·</span> <span class="nowrap"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E4%BC%8A%E6%96%AF%E5%85%B0%E6%95%99%E4%B8%8E%E7%8A%B9%E5%A4%AA%E6%95%99&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="伊斯兰教与犹太教（页面不存在）">伊斯兰教</a> ·</span> <span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/%E7%8A%B9%E5%A4%AA%E4%BD%9B%E6%95%99%E5%BE%92" title="犹太佛教徒">犹太佛教徒</a> ·</span> <span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/%E6%96%B0%E7%95%B0%E6%95%99%E4%B8%BB%E7%BE%A9" title="新異教主義">新异教主义</a> ·</span> <span class="nowrap"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E9%9D%9E%E6%B4%B2%E8%A3%94%E5%B8%8C%E4%BC%AF%E6%9D%A5%E4%BB%A5%E8%89%B2%E5%88%97%E4%BA%BA&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="非洲裔希伯来以色列人（页面不存在）">非洲裔希伯来以色列人</a> ·</span> <span class="nowrap"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%8D%A1%E5%B7%B4%E6%8B%89%E4%B8%AD%E5%BF%83&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="卡巴拉中心（页面不存在）">卡巴拉中心</a> ·</span> <span class="nowrap"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%9B%BF%E4%BB%A3%E7%8A%B9%E5%A4%AA%E6%95%99&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="替代犹太教（页面不存在）">其他</a></span></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/%E7%8A%B9%E5%A4%AA%E4%BA%BA%E5%8E%86%E5%8F%B2" title="犹太人历史">历史</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px;padding：0.25em 0;line-height：1.4em;"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/%E4%BB%A5%E8%89%B2%E5%88%97%E5%8E%86%E5%8F%B2#古代" title="以色列历史">古代</a> ·</span> <span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/%E8%80%B6%E8%B7%AF%E6%92%92%E5%86%B7%E8%81%96%E6%AE%BF" title="耶路撒冷聖殿">耶路撒冷聖殿</a> ·</span> <span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/%E5%B7%B4%E6%AF%94%E4%BC%A6%E5%9B%9A%E8%99%8F" title="巴比伦囚虏">巴比伦囚徒</a> ·</span> <span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/%E8%80%B6%E8%B7%AF%E6%92%92%E5%86%B7" title="耶路撒冷">耶路撒冷</a>（<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%8A%B9%E5%A4%AA%E6%95%99%E4%B8%AD%E7%9A%84%E8%80%B6%E8%B7%AF%E6%92%92%E5%86%B7&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="犹太教中的耶路撒冷（页面不存在）">意义</a> ·</span> <span class="nowrap"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%80%B6%E8%B7%AF%E6%92%92%E5%86%B7%E5%A4%A7%E4%BA%8B%E8%AE%B0&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="耶路撒冷大事记（页面不存在）">大事记</a>） ·</span> <span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/%E5%93%88%E6%96%AF%E8%92%99%E5%B0%BC%E7%8E%8B%E6%9C%9D" title="哈斯蒙尼王朝">哈斯蒙尼</a> ·</span> <span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%A7%E5%B8%8C%E5%BE%8B%E7%8E%8B" title="大希律王">希律王</a> ·</span> <span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/%E7%8C%B6%E5%A4%AA%E5%85%AC%E6%9C%83" title="猶太公會">猶太公會</a> ·</span> <span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/%E6%B3%95%E5%88%A9%E8%B5%9B%E4%BA%BA" title="法利赛人">法利赛人</a> ·</span> <span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/%E6%92%92%E9%83%BD%E8%AF%A5%E4%BA%BA" title="撒都该人">撒都该人</a> ·</span> <span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/%E8%89%BE%E8%B3%BD%E5%B0%BC%E6%B4%BE" title="艾賽尼派">艾賽尼派</a> ·</span> <span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/%E5%A5%AE%E9%8A%B3%E9%BB%A8" title="奮銳黨">奮銳黨</a> ·</span> <span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/%E7%AC%AC%E4%B8%80%E6%AC%A1%E7%8C%B6%E5%A4%AA%E2%80%93%E7%BE%85%E9%A6%AC%E6%88%B0%E7%88%AD" title="第一次猶太–羅馬戰爭">第一次犹太罗马战争</a> ·</span> <span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/%E5%B7%B4%E7%88%BE%E7%A7%91%E8%B5%AB%E5%B7%B4%E8%B5%B7%E7%BE%A9" title="巴爾科赫巴起義">科赫巴大起义</a> ·</span> <span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/%E7%8A%B9%E5%A4%AA%E4%BA%BA%E5%A4%A7%E6%B5%81%E6%95%A3" class="mw-redirect" title="犹太人大流散">流散</a> ·</span> <span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/%E7%BB%B4%E5%B0%94%E7%BA%BD%E6%96%AF" title="维尔纽斯">维尔纽斯</a> ·</span> <span class="nowrap"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E4%B8%AD%E4%B8%96%E7%BA%AA%E7%8A%B9%E5%A4%AA%E4%BA%BA&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="中世纪犹太人（页面不存在）">中世纪</a> ·</span> <span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/%E5%8F%AF%E8%90%A8%E4%BA%BA" title="可萨人">可萨人</a> ·</span> <span class="nowrap"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%A9%86%E6%96%AF%E6%9E%97%E4%B8%96%E7%95%8C%E7%9A%84%E7%8A%B9%E5%A4%AA%E4%BA%BA%E5%8E%86%E5%8F%B2&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="穆斯林世界的犹太人历史（页面不存在）">穆斯林统治</a> ·</span> <span class="nowrap"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%B5%9B%E5%B7%B4%E8%92%82%E6%95%99%E5%BE%92&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="赛巴蒂教徒（页面不存在）">赛巴蒂教徒</a> ·</span> <span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/%E5%93%88%E6%96%AF%E5%8D%A1%E6%8B%89%E8%BF%90%E5%8A%A8" title="哈斯卡拉运动">哈斯卡拉運動</a> ·</span> <span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/%E7%8A%B9%E5%A4%AA%E8%A7%A3%E6%94%BE%E8%BF%90%E5%8A%A8" title="犹太解放运动">解放</a> ·</span> <span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/%E7%B4%8D%E7%B2%B9%E5%A4%A7%E5%B1%A0%E6%AE%BA" title="納粹大屠殺">大屠杀</a> ·</span> <span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/%E9%98%BF%E5%88%A9%E4%BA%9E%E9%81%8B%E5%8B%95" title="阿利亞運動">阿利亚</a> ·</span> <span class="nowrap"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%8A%B9%E5%A4%AA%E5%A4%8D%E5%9B%BD%E4%B8%BB%E4%B9%89%E5%8E%86%E5%8F%B2&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="犹太复国主义历史（页面不存在）">犹太复国主义历史</a> ·</span> <span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/%E4%BB%A5%E8%89%B2%E5%88%97%E5%8E%86%E5%8F%B2" title="以色列历史">以色列历史</a> ·</span> <span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/%E9%98%BF%E4%BB%A5%E5%86%B2%E7%AA%81" title="阿以冲突">阿以冲突</a> ·</span> <span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/%E4%BB%A5%E5%B7%B4%E5%86%B2%E7%AA%81" title="以巴冲突">以巴冲突</a> ·</span> <span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/%E4%BB%A5%E8%89%B2%E5%88%97%E5%9C%B0" title="以色列地">以色列地</a> ·</span> <span class="nowrap"><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="悔改運動" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Baal teshuva movement"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%82%94%E6%94%B9%E9%81%8B%E5%8B%95&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="悔改運動（页面不存在）">巴尔特舒华运动</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Baal_teshuva_movement" class="extiw" title="en:Baal teshuva movement"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Baal teshuva movement</span></a></span>）</span></span> ·</span> <span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/%E5%90%84%E5%9B%BD%E7%8A%B9%E5%A4%AA%E6%95%99" title="各国犹太教">各国犹太教</a></span></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/%E4%BB%A5%E8%89%B2%E5%88%97%E6%94%BF%E6%B2%BB" title="以色列政治">政治</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0px;padding：0.25em 0;line-height：1.4em;"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/%E4%BB%A5%E8%89%B2%E5%88%97" title="以色列">以色列</a> ·</span> <span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/%E9%8C%AB%E5%AE%89%E4%B8%BB%E7%BE%A9" title="錫安主義">錫安主義</a> ·</span> <span class="nowrap">（<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E4%B8%80%E8%88%AC%E9%94%A1%E5%AE%89%E4%B8%BB%E4%B9%89%E8%80%85&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="一般锡安主义者（页面不存在）">一般</a> ·</span> <span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/%E5%8B%9E%E5%B7%A5%E9%8C%AB%E5%AE%89%E4%B8%BB%E7%BE%A9" title="勞工錫安主義">勞工</a> ·</span> <span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/%E5%AE%97%E6%95%99%E9%8C%AB%E5%AE%89%E4%B8%BB%E7%BE%A9" title="宗教錫安主義">宗教</a> ·</span> <span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/%E4%BF%AE%E6%AD%A3%E6%B4%BE%E7%8A%B9%E5%A4%AA%E5%A4%8D%E5%9B%BD%E4%B8%BB%E4%B9%89" title="修正派犹太复国主义">修正</a>） ·</span> <span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/%E8%BF%A6%E5%8D%97%E4%B8%BB%E7%BE%A9" title="迦南主義">迦南主義</a> ·</span> <span class="nowrap"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%8A%B9%E5%A4%AA%E6%94%BF%E6%B2%BB%E8%BF%90%E5%8A%A8&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="犹太政治运动（页面不存在）">政治运动</a>（<a href="/wiki/%E7%8A%B9%E5%A4%AA%E5%B7%A6%E7%BF%BC" title="犹太左翼">左派</a> ·</span> <span class="nowrap"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%8A%B9%E5%A4%AA%E5%8F%B3%E7%BF%BC&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="犹太右翼（页面不存在）">右派</a> ·</span> <span class="nowrap"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%8A%B9%E5%A4%AA%E6%97%A0%E6%94%BF%E5%BA%9C%E4%B8%BB%E4%B9%89&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="犹太无政府主义（页面不存在）">犹太无政府主义</a>） ·</span> <span class="nowrap"><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="阿古达运动" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="World Agudath Israel"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E9%98%BF%E5%8F%A4%E8%BE%BE%E8%BF%90%E5%8A%A8&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="阿古达运动（页面不存在）">阿古达运动</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/World_Agudath_Israel" class="extiw" title="en:World Agudath Israel"><span lang="en" dir="auto">World Agudath Israel</span></a></span>）</span></span> ·</span> <span class="nowrap"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%8A%B9%E5%A4%AA%E5%A5%B3%E6%9D%83%E4%B8%BB%E4%B9%89&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="犹太女权主义（页面不存在）">女权主义</a></span></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/%E5%8F%8D%E7%8A%B9%E5%A4%AA%E4%B8%BB%E4%B9%89" title="反犹太主义">反犹太主义</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px;padding：0.25em 0;line-height：1.4em;"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"><span class="nowrap"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%8F%8D%E7%8A%B9%E4%B8%BB%E4%B9%89%E5%8E%86%E5%8F%B2&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="反犹主义历史（页面不存在）">历史</a> ·</span> <span class="nowrap"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%AF%B9%E7%8A%B9%E5%A4%AA%E4%BA%BA%E7%9A%84%E8%BF%AB%E5%AE%B3&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="对犹太人的迫害（页面不存在）">迫害</a> ·</span> <span class="nowrap"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%96%B0%E5%8F%8D%E7%8A%B9%E4%B8%BB%E4%B9%89&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="新反犹主义（页面不存在）">新反犹主义</a> ·</span> <span class="nowrap"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%A7%8D%E6%97%8F%E6%AD%A7%E8%A7%86%E5%8F%8D%E7%8A%B9%E5%A4%AA%E4%B8%BB%E4%B9%89&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="种族歧视反犹太主义（页面不存在）">种族性</a> ·</span> <span class="nowrap"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%AE%97%E6%95%99%E5%8F%8D%E7%8A%B9%E5%A4%AA%E4%B8%BB%E4%B9%89&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="宗教反犹太主义（页面不存在）">宗教性</a> ·</span> <span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/%E5%8F%8D%E9%8C%AB%E5%AE%89%E4%B8%BB%E7%BE%A9" title="反錫安主義">反锡安主义</a> ·</span> <span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/%E8%81%9A%E9%9B%86%E5%8D%80" class="mw-redirect" title="聚集區">隔都</a></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r84265675"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r84261037"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r84265675"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r84244141"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r84265675"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r84244141"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="中国的民族（按語系分類）" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="collapsible-title navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r84265675"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r84244141"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:%E4%B8%AD%E5%8D%8E%E6%B0%91%E6%97%8F" title="Template:中华民族"><abbr title="查看该模板">查</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:%E4%B8%AD%E5%8D%8E%E6%B0%91%E6%97%8F" title="Template talk:中华民族"><abbr title="讨论该模板">论</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:%E7%BC%96%E8%BE%91%E9%A1%B5%E9%9D%A2/Template:%E4%B8%AD%E5%8D%8E%E6%B0%91%E6%97%8F" title="Special:编辑页面/Template:中华民族"><abbr title="编辑该模板">编</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="中国的民族（按語系分類）" style="font-size:110%;margin:0 5em"><a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%AD%E5%9C%8B%E6%B0%91%E6%97%8F%E5%88%97%E8%A1%A8" title="中國民族列表">中国的民族</a>（按<a href="/wiki/Template:%E4%B8%AD%E5%9C%8B%E8%AA%9E%E8%A8%80" title="Template:中國語言">語系</a>分類）</div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/%E6%B1%89%E8%97%8F%E8%AF%AD%E7%B3%BB" title="汉藏语系">汉藏语系</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/%E6%B1%89%E8%AF%AD" title="汉语">汉语</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"><span class="nowrap"><b><a href="/wiki/%E6%B1%89%E6%97%8F" title="汉族">汉族</a></b>（<a href="/wiki/%E6%B1%89%E6%97%8F%E6%B0%91%E7%B3%BB" title="汉族民系">汉族民系</a>） ·</span> <span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/%E7%93%A6%E4%B9%A1%E4%BA%BA" title="瓦乡人">瓦乡人</a> ·</span> <span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/%E7%A9%BF%E9%9D%92%E4%BA%BA" title="穿青人">穿青人</a> ·</span> <span class="nowrap"><b><a href="/wiki/%E5%9B%9E%E6%97%8F" title="回族">回族</a></b> ·</span> <span class="nowrap"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%B9%B3%E5%9C%B0%E7%91%B6&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="平地瑶（页面不存在）">平地瑶</a></span></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/%E7%99%BD%E8%AA%9E%E6%94%AF" title="白語支">白語支</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"><span class="nowrap"><b><a href="/wiki/%E7%99%BD%E6%97%8F" title="白族">白族</a></b> ·</span> <span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/%E8%94%A1%E5%AE%B6%E4%BA%BA" title="蔡家人">蔡家人</a></span> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/%E8%97%8F%E7%B7%AC%E8%AA%9E%E6%97%8F" title="藏緬語族">藏緬語族</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/%E8%97%8F%E8%AF%AD%E7%BE%A4" title="藏语群">藏语群</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"><span class="nowrap"><b><a href="/wiki/%E8%97%8F%E6%97%8F" title="藏族">藏族</a></b> (<a href="/wiki/%E8%A1%9B%E8%97%8F" title="衛藏">衛藏人</a> ·</span> <span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/%E5%AE%89%E5%A4%9A" class="mw-disambig" title="安多">安多人</a> ·</span> <span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/%E5%BA%B7%E5%B7%B4%E4%BA%BA" title="康巴人">康巴人</a> ·</span> <span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/%E5%9C%A8%E5%8D%8E%E5%B0%BC%E6%B3%8A%E5%B0%94%E4%BA%BA" title="在华尼泊尔人">尼泊爾人</a>（<a href="/wiki/%E8%BE%BE%E6%9B%BC%E4%BA%BA" title="达曼人">达曼人</a>）) ·</span> <span class="nowrap"><b><a href="/wiki/%E9%97%A8%E5%B7%B4%E6%97%8F" title="门巴族">门巴族</a></b> (<a href="/wiki/%E9%98%BF%E6%B4%9B%E4%BA%BA" title="阿洛人">阿洛人</a> ·</span> <span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/%E4%BB%93%E6%B4%9B%E4%BA%BA" title="仓洛人">仓洛人</a>) ·</span> <span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%8F%E5%B0%94%E5%B7%B4%E4%BA%BA" title="夏尔巴人">夏尔巴人</a> ·</span> <span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/%E7%99%BD%E9%A6%AC%E4%BA%BA" title="白馬人">白馬人</a></span></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/%E7%BE%8C%E8%AF%AD%E6%94%AF" title="羌语支">羌语支</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"><span class="nowrap"><b><a href="/wiki/%E7%BE%8C%E6%97%8F" title="羌族">羌族</a></b>（<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E9%BB%91%E6%B0%B4%E8%97%8F%E6%97%8F&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="黑水藏族（页面不存在）">黑水藏族</a>） ·</span> <span class="nowrap"><b><a href="/wiki/%E7%BA%B3%E8%A5%BF%E6%97%8F" title="纳西族">纳西族</a></b> ·</span> <span class="nowrap"><b><a href="/wiki/%E5%9C%9F%E5%AE%B6%E6%97%8F" title="土家族">土家族</a></b> ·</span> <span class="nowrap"><b><a href="/wiki/%E6%99%AE%E7%B1%B3%E6%97%8F" title="普米族">普米族</a></b>（<a href="/wiki/%E6%99%AE%E7%B1%B3%E8%97%8F%E6%97%8F" title="普米藏族">普米藏族</a>） ·</span> <span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/%E5%98%89%E7%B5%A8%E4%BA%BA" title="嘉絨人">嘉絨人</a> ·</span> <span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/%E8%97%8F%E6%97%8F" title="藏族">木雅人</a> ·</span> <span class="nowrap"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%B0%94%E8%8B%8F%E4%BA%BA&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="尔苏人（页面不存在）">尔苏人</a> ·</span> <span class="nowrap"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%BA%B3%E6%9C%A8%E4%BE%9D%E4%BA%BA&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="纳木依人（页面不存在）">纳木依人</a></span></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/%E4%BE%AC%E8%AF%AD%E6%94%AF" title="侬语支">侬语支</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"><span class="nowrap"><b><a href="/wiki/%E7%8B%AC%E9%BE%99%E6%97%8F" title="独龙族">独龙族</a></b> ·</span> <span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/%E9%98%BF%E4%BE%AC%E4%BA%BA" title="阿侬人">阿侬人</a></span></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/%E7%B7%AC%E5%BD%9D%E8%AA%9E%E7%BE%A4" title="緬彝語群">緬彝語群</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"><span class="nowrap"><b><a href="/wiki/%E5%BD%9D%E6%97%8F" title="彝族">彝族</a></b> ·</span> <span class="nowrap"><b><a href="/wiki/%E5%93%88%E5%B0%BC%E6%97%8F" title="哈尼族">哈尼族</a></b> ·</span> <span class="nowrap"><b><a href="/wiki/%E5%82%88%E5%83%B3%E6%97%8F" title="傈僳族">傈僳族</a></b> ·</span> <span class="nowrap"><b><a href="/wiki/%E6%8B%89%E7%A5%9C%E6%97%8F" title="拉祜族">拉祜族</a></b>（含<a href="/wiki/%E8%8B%A6%E8%81%AA%E4%BA%BA" title="苦聪人">苦聪人</a>） ·</span> <span class="nowrap"><b><a href="/wiki/%E5%9F%BA%E8%AF%BA%E6%97%8F" title="基诺族">基诺族</a></b> ·</span> <span class="nowrap"><b><a href="/wiki/%E6%80%92%E6%97%8F" title="怒族">怒族</a></b> ·</span> <span class="nowrap"><b><a href="/wiki/%E9%98%BF%E6%98%8C%E6%97%8F" title="阿昌族">阿昌族</a></b> ·</span> <span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/%E8%BC%89%E7%93%A6%E4%BA%BA" title="載瓦人">載瓦人</a> ·</span> <span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/%E6%AF%95%E8%8B%8F%E4%BA%BA" title="毕苏人">毕苏人</a></span></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">其它</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"><span class="nowrap"><b><a href="/wiki/%E6%99%AF%E9%A2%87%E6%97%8F" title="景颇族">景颇族</a></b> ·</span> <span class="nowrap"><b><a href="/wiki/%E7%8F%9E%E5%B7%B4%E6%97%8F" title="珞巴族">珞巴族</a></b> ·</span> <span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/%E5%83%9C%E4%BA%BA" title="僜人">僜人</a></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/%E5%A3%AF%E4%BE%97%E8%AA%9E%E7%B3%BB" title="壯侗語系">壯侗語系</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/%E5%A3%AE%E5%82%A3%E8%AF%AD%E6%94%AF" class="mw-redirect" title="壮傣语支">壮傣语支</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"><span class="nowrap"><b><a href="/wiki/%E5%B8%83%E4%BE%9D%E6%97%8F" title="布依族">布依族</a></b> ·</span> <span class="nowrap"><b><a href="/wiki/%E5%A3%AE%E6%97%8F" title="壮族">壮族</a></b>（含<a href="/wiki/%E6%B2%99%E4%BA%BA_(%E5%A3%AE%E6%97%8F%E6%B0%91%E7%B3%BB)" title="沙人 (壮族民系)">沙人</a> ·</span> <span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/%E5%84%82%E6%97%8F" title="儂族">儂族</a>等） ·</span> <span class="nowrap"><b><a href="/wiki/%E5%82%A3%E6%97%8F" title="傣族">傣族</a></b>（含<a href="/wiki/%E5%82%A3%E9%82%A3" title="傣那">傣那</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E5%82%A3%E7%AB%AF%E8%AF%AD" title="傣端语">傣端</a> ·</span> <span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/%E6%8E%B8%E6%97%8F" title="掸族">掸族</a> ·</span> <span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/%E6%9A%B9%E7%BE%85%E6%B3%B0%E6%97%8F" title="暹羅泰族">泰族</a>（<a href="/wiki/%E6%B3%B0%E8%A3%94%E9%A6%99%E6%B8%AF%E4%BA%BA" title="泰裔香港人">在港</a>）等）</span></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/%E4%BE%97%E6%B0%B4%E8%AF%AD%E6%94%AF" title="侗水语支">侗水语支</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"><span class="nowrap"><b><a href="/wiki/%E4%BE%97%E6%97%8F" title="侗族">侗族</a></b> ·</span> <span class="nowrap"><b><a href="/wiki/%E6%B0%B4%E6%97%8F" title="水族">水族</a></b> ·</span> <span class="nowrap"><b><a href="/wiki/%E4%BB%AB%E4%BD%AC%E6%97%8F" title="仫佬族">仫佬族</a></b> ·</span> <span class="nowrap"><b><a href="/wiki/%E6%AF%9B%E5%8D%97%E6%97%8F" title="毛南族">毛南族</a></b> ·</span> <span class="nowrap"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%8E%AB%E5%AE%B6%E4%BA%BA&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="莫家人（页面不存在）">莫家人</a> ·</span> <span class="nowrap"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%A0%87%E4%BA%BA&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="标人（页面不存在）">标人</a> ·</span> <span class="nowrap"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%8C%B6%E6%B4%9E%E4%BA%BA&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="茶洞人（页面不存在）">茶洞人</a></span></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/%E4%BB%A1%E5%A4%AE%E8%AF%AD%E6%94%AF" class="mw-redirect" title="仡央语支">仡央语支</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"><span class="nowrap"><b><a href="/wiki/%E4%BB%A1%E4%BD%AC%E6%97%8F" title="仡佬族">仡佬族</a></b>（含<a href="/wiki/%E7%BE%BF%E4%BA%BA" title="羿人">羿人</a>） ·</span> <span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/%E6%8B%89%E5%9F%BA%E6%97%8F" title="拉基族">拉基族</a> ·</span> <span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/%E5%B8%83%E6%A0%87%E6%97%8F" title="布标族">布标族</a> ·</span> <span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/%E6%9C%A8%E4%BD%AC%E4%BA%BA" title="木佬人">木佬人</a> ·</span> <span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/%E5%B8%83%E5%A4%AE%E4%BA%BA" title="布央人">布央人</a></span></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">其他</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"><span class="nowrap"><b><a href="/wiki/%E9%BB%8E%E6%97%8F" title="黎族">黎族</a></b> ·</span> <span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/%E8%87%A8%E9%AB%98%E4%BA%BA" title="臨高人">臨高人</a> ·</span> <span class="nowrap"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E4%BB%A1%E9%9A%86%E4%BA%BA&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="仡隆人（页面不存在）">仡隆人</a> ·</span> <span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/%E8%8C%B6%E5%B1%B1%E7%91%B6" title="茶山瑶">茶山瑶</a></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/%E8%8B%97%E7%91%B6%E8%AF%AD%E7%B3%BB" title="苗瑶语系">苗瑶语系</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"><span class="nowrap"><b><a href="/wiki/%E8%8B%97%E6%97%8F" title="苗族">苗族</a></b>（含<a href="/wiki/%E8%B5%AB%E8%92%99%E4%BA%BA" class="mw-redirect" title="赫蒙人">赫蒙人</a>） ·</span> <span class="nowrap"><b><a href="/wiki/%E7%91%B6%E6%97%8F" title="瑶族">瑶族</a></b> ·</span> <span class="nowrap"><b><a href="/wiki/%E7%95%B2%E6%97%8F" title="畲族">畲族</a></b> ·</span> <span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/%E5%B7%B4%E5%A4%A9%E6%97%8F" title="巴天族">巴天族</a>（<a href="/wiki/%E7%BA%A2%E7%91%B6" title="红瑶">红瑶</a>） ·</span> <span class="nowrap"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%B8%83%E5%8A%AA%E4%BA%BA&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="布努人（页面不存在）">布努人</a> ·</span> <span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/%F0%B1%8E%BC%E5%AE%B6%E4%BA%BA" title="𱎼家人">𱎼家人</a> ·</span> <span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%9C%E5%AE%B6%E4%BA%BA" title="东家人">东家人</a> ·</span> <span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/%E8%A5%BF%E5%AE%B6%E4%BA%BA" title="西家人">西家人</a> ·</span> <span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/%E7%BB%95%E5%AE%B6%E4%BA%BA" title="绕家人">绕家人</a></span></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/%E8%92%99%E5%8F%A4%E8%AF%AD%E7%B3%BB" title="蒙古语系">蒙古语系</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"><span class="nowrap"><b><a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%AD%E5%9B%BD%E8%92%99%E5%8F%A4%E6%97%8F" title="中国蒙古族">蒙古族</a></b> ·</span> <span class="nowrap"><b><a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%9C%E4%B9%A1%E6%97%8F" title="东乡族">东乡族</a></b> ·</span> <span class="nowrap"><b><a href="/wiki/%E5%9C%9F%E6%97%8F" title="土族">土族</a></b> ·</span> <span class="nowrap"><b><a href="/wiki/%E8%BE%BE%E6%96%A1%E5%B0%94%E6%97%8F" title="达斡尔族">达斡尔族</a></b> ·</span> <span class="nowrap"><b><a href="/wiki/%E4%BF%9D%E5%AE%89%E6%97%8F" title="保安族">保安族</a></b> ·</span> <span class="nowrap"><b><a href="/wiki/%E8%A3%95%E5%9B%BA%E6%97%8F" title="裕固族">裕固族</a></b>（東部） ·</span> <span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/%E8%92%99%E5%8F%A4%E5%9B%9E%E5%9B%9E" title="蒙古回回">蒙古回回</a>（<a href="/wiki/%E8%92%99%E5%8F%A4%E6%97%8F%E7%A9%86%E6%96%AF%E6%9E%97" title="蒙古族穆斯林">蒙古族穆斯林</a> ·</span> <span class="nowrap"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%89%98%E8%8C%82%E4%BA%BA&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="托茂人（页面不存在）">托茂人</a>） ·</span> <span class="nowrap"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%BA%B7%E5%AE%B6%E4%BA%BA&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="康家人（页面不存在）">康家人</a></span></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/%E6%BB%A1-%E9%80%9A%E5%8F%A4%E6%96%AF%E8%AF%AD%E7%B3%BB" title="满-通古斯语系">满-通古斯语系</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">北通古斯語族</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"><span class="nowrap"><b><a href="/wiki/%E9%84%82%E6%B8%A9%E5%85%8B%E6%97%8F" title="鄂温克族">鄂温克族</a></b> ·</span> <span class="nowrap"><b><a href="/wiki/%E9%84%82%E4%BC%A6%E6%98%A5%E6%97%8F" title="鄂伦春族">鄂伦春族</a></b> ·</span> <span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/%E6%96%B0%E7%96%86%E7%B4%A2%E4%BC%A6%E4%BA%BA" title="新疆索伦人">翁闊人</a></span></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">南通古斯語族</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"><span class="nowrap"><b><a href="/wiki/%E6%BB%A1%E6%97%8F" title="满族">满族</a></b> ·</span> <span class="nowrap"><b><a href="/wiki/%E9%94%A1%E4%BC%AF%E6%97%8F" title="锡伯族">锡伯族</a></b> ·</span> <span class="nowrap"><b><a href="/wiki/%E8%B5%AB%E5%93%B2%E6%97%8F" title="赫哲族">赫哲族</a></b> ·</span> <span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/%E5%B7%B4%E6%8B%89%E4%BA%BA" title="巴拉人">巴拉人</a></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/%E7%AA%81%E5%8E%A5%E8%AF%AD%E6%97%8F" class="mw-redirect" title="突厥语族">突厥語系</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/%E8%91%9B%E9%80%BB%E7%A6%84%E8%AF%AD%E6%94%AF" title="葛逻禄语支">葛逻禄语支</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"><span class="nowrap"><b><a href="/wiki/%E7%BB%B4%E5%90%BE%E5%B0%94%E6%97%8F" title="维吾尔族">维吾尔族</a></b> ·</span> <span class="nowrap"><b><a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%AD%E5%9B%BD%E4%B9%8C%E5%AD%9C%E5%88%AB%E5%85%8B%E6%97%8F" title="中国乌孜别克族">乌孜别克族</a></b> ·</span> <span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/%E8%89%BE%E5%8A%AA%E4%BA%BA" title="艾努人">艾努人</a> ·</span> <span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/%E5%85%8B%E9%87%8C%E9%9B%85%E4%BA%BA" title="克里雅人">克里雅人</a> ·</span> <span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/%E5%9C%9F%E5%B0%94%E5%85%8B%E4%BA%BA" title="土尔克人">土尔克人</a></span></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/%E8%A5%BF%E4%BC%AF%E5%88%A9%E4%BA%9E%E8%AA%9E%E6%94%AF" title="西伯利亞語支">西伯利亞語支</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"><span class="nowrap"><b><a href="/wiki/%E8%A3%95%E5%9B%BA%E6%97%8F" title="裕固族">裕固族</a></b>（西部） ·</span> <span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/%E5%9B%BE%E7%93%A6%E4%BA%BA" title="图瓦人">图瓦人</a> ·</span> <span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/%E4%B9%8C%E8%A3%95%E5%B0%94%E6%B2%B3%E7%95%94%E4%BA%94%E5%A7%93%E6%9F%AF%E5%B0%94%E5%85%8B%E5%AD%9C" title="乌裕尔河畔五姓柯尔克孜">富裕柯尔克孜人</a>（<a href="/wiki/%E5%93%88%E5%8D%A1%E6%96%AF%E4%BA%BA" title="哈卡斯人">哈卡斯人</a>） ·</span> <span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/%E9%9B%85%E5%BA%93%E7%89%B9%E4%BA%BA" title="雅库特人">雅库特人</a></span></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/%E9%92%A6%E5%AF%9F%E8%AF%AD%E6%94%AF" title="钦察语支">钦察语支</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"><span class="nowrap"><b><a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%AD%E5%9C%8B%E5%93%88%E8%96%A9%E5%85%8B%E6%97%8F" title="中國哈薩克族">哈薩克族</a></b> ·</span> <span class="nowrap"><b><a href="/wiki/%E6%9F%AF%E5%B0%94%E5%85%8B%E5%AD%9C%E6%97%8F" title="柯尔克孜族">柯尔克孜族</a></b> ·</span> <span class="nowrap"><b><a href="/wiki/%E5%A1%94%E5%A1%94%E5%B0%94%E6%97%8F" title="塔塔尔族">塔塔尔族</a></b></span></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/%E7%83%8F%E5%8F%A4%E6%96%AF%E8%AA%9E%E6%94%AF" title="烏古斯語支">烏古斯語支</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"><span class="nowrap"><b><a href="/wiki/%E6%92%92%E6%8B%89%E6%97%8F" title="撒拉族">撒拉族</a></b></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/%E5%8D%97%E4%BA%9A%E8%AF%AD%E7%B3%BB" title="南亚语系">南亚语系</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"><span class="nowrap"><b><a href="/wiki/%E4%BD%A4%E6%97%8F" title="佤族">佤族</a></b> ·</span> <span class="nowrap"><b><a href="/wiki/%E5%B8%83%E6%9C%97%E6%97%8F" title="布朗族">布朗族</a></b> ·</span> <span class="nowrap"><b><a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%AD%E5%9C%8B%E4%BA%AC%E6%97%8F" title="中國京族">京族</a></b>（<a href="/wiki/%E5%9C%A8%E9%A6%99%E6%B8%AF%E7%9A%84%E8%B6%8A%E5%8D%97%E4%BA%BA" title="在香港的越南人">在港越南人</a>） ·</span> <span class="nowrap"><b><a href="/wiki/%E5%BE%B7%E6%98%82%E6%97%8F" title="德昂族">德昂族</a></b> ·</span> <span class="nowrap"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E4%BF%AB%E4%BA%BA&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="俫人（页面不存在）">俫人</a> ·</span> <span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/%E5%B8%83%E7%94%98%E4%BA%BA" class="mw-redirect" title="布甘人">布甘人</a> ·</span> <span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/%E5%85%8B%E6%9C%A8%E6%97%8F" title="克木族">克木族</a> ·</span> <span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/%E8%8E%BD%E6%97%8F" title="莽族">莽族</a> ·</span> <span class="nowrap"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%9B%BC%E5%92%AA%E4%BA%BA&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="曼咪人（页面不存在）">曼咪人</a></span></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/%E5%8D%97%E5%B3%B6%E8%AA%9E%E7%B3%BB" title="南島語系">南島語系</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/%E5%8F%B0%E7%81%A3%E5%8D%97%E5%B3%B6%E8%AA%9E" title="台灣南島語">台灣南島語族</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"><b><a href="/wiki/%E9%AB%98%E5%B1%B1%E6%97%8F_(%E4%B8%AD%E5%9C%8B%E5%A4%A7%E9%99%B8)" title="高山族 (中國大陸)">高山族</a></b></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/%E9%A9%AC%E6%9D%A5-%E6%B3%A2%E5%88%A9%E5%B0%BC%E8%A5%BF%E4%BA%9A%E8%AF%AD%E6%97%8F" title="马来-波利尼西亚语族">马来-波利尼西亚语族</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/%E9%A9%AC%E6%9D%A5-%E6%B3%A2%E5%88%A9%E5%B0%BC%E8%A5%BF%E4%BA%9A%E8%AF%AD%E6%97%8F#馬來-松巴哇語群_(Adelaar_2005)" title="马来-波利尼西亚语族">馬來-松巴哇語群</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/%E5%8D%A0%E6%97%8F" title="占族">占族</a>（<a href="/wiki/%E5%9B%9E%E8%BE%89%E4%BA%BA" title="回辉人">回辉人</a>） ·</span> <span class="nowrap"> <span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="分类:马来裔中國人" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Category:Chinese people of Malay descent"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Category:%E9%A9%AC%E6%9D%A5%E8%A3%94%E4%B8%AD%E5%9C%8B%E4%BA%BA&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Category:马来裔中國人（页面不存在）">馬來人</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Category:Chinese_people_of_Malay_descent" class="extiw" title="en:Category:Chinese people of Malay descent"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Category:Chinese people of Malay descent</span></a></span>）</span></span> ·</span> <span class="nowrap"><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="Category:印尼裔中國人" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Category:Chinese people of Indonesian descent"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Category:%E5%8D%B0%E5%B0%BC%E8%A3%94%E4%B8%AD%E5%9C%8B%E4%BA%BA&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Category:印尼裔中國人（页面不存在）">印尼人</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Category:Chinese_people_of_Indonesian_descent" class="extiw" title="en:Category:Chinese people of Indonesian descent"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Category:Chinese people of Indonesian descent</span></a></span>）</span></span>（<a href="/wiki/%E5%9C%A8%E6%B8%AF%E5%8D%B0%E5%B0%BC%E4%BA%BA" title="在港印尼人">在港</a>）</span></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/%E8%8F%B2%E5%BE%8B%E8%B3%93%E8%AA%9E%E6%97%8F" title="菲律賓語族">菲律賓語族</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/%E5%9C%A8%E5%8D%8E%E8%8F%B2%E5%BE%8B%E5%AE%BE%E4%BA%BA" title="在华菲律宾人">菲律宾人</a> ·</span> <span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/%E4%BC%8A%E8%90%AC%E7%89%B9%E4%BA%BA" title="伊萬特人">伊萬特人</a>（<a href="/wiki/%E9%81%94%E6%82%9F%E4%BA%BA" class="mw-redirect" title="達悟人">達悟人</a>）</span></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/%E5%8D%B0%E6%AC%A7%E8%AF%AD%E7%B3%BB" title="印欧语系">印欧语系</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/%E6%96%AF%E6%8B%89%E5%A4%AB%E8%AF%AD%E6%97%8F" title="斯拉夫语族">斯拉夫语族</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"><b><a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%AD%E5%9B%BD%E4%BF%84%E7%BD%97%E6%96%AF%E6%97%8F" title="中国俄罗斯族">俄羅斯族</a></b></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/%E5%8D%B0%E5%BA%A6-%E4%BC%8A%E6%9C%97%E8%AF%AD%E6%97%8F" title="印度-伊朗语族">印度-伊朗语族</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"><span class="nowrap"><b><a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%AD%E5%9B%BD%E5%A1%94%E5%90%89%E5%85%8B%E6%97%8F" title="中国塔吉克族">塔吉克族</a></b>（<a href="/wiki/%E8%89%B2%E5%8B%92%E5%BA%93%E5%B0%94%E4%BA%BA" class="mw-redirect" title="色勒库尔人">色勒库尔人</a> ·</span> <span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/%E7%93%A6%E7%BD%95%E4%BA%BA" title="瓦罕人">瓦罕人</a>） ·</span> <span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/%E5%9C%A8%E5%8D%8E%E5%B0%BC%E6%B3%8A%E5%B0%94%E4%BA%BA" title="在华尼泊尔人">尼泊爾人</a> ·</span> <span class="nowrap"><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="在华印度人" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Indians in China"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%9C%A8%E5%8D%8E%E5%8D%B0%E5%BA%A6%E4%BA%BA&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="在华印度人（页面不存在）">印度人</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Indians_in_China" class="extiw" title="en:Indians in China"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Indians in China</span></a></span>）</span></span>（<a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%AD%E5%8D%B0%E6%B7%B7%E8%A1%80%E5%84%BF" title="中印混血儿">中印混血儿</a> ·</span> <span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/%E9%A6%99%E6%B8%AF%E5%B0%91%E6%95%B8%E6%97%8F%E8%A3%94" title="香港少數族裔">在港</a><a href="/wiki/%E5%8D%97%E4%BA%9E%E8%A3%94" title="南亞裔">南亞裔</a>）</span></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/%E7%BD%97%E6%9B%BC%E8%AF%AD%E6%97%8F" title="罗曼语族">罗曼语族</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"><a href="/wiki/%E8%91%A1%E8%90%84%E7%89%99%E4%BA%BA" title="葡萄牙人">葡萄牙人</a>（<a href="/wiki/%E6%BE%B3%E9%96%80%E5%9C%9F%E7%94%9F%E8%91%A1%E4%BA%BA" title="澳門土生葡人">澳門土生葡人</a>）</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/%E6%97%A5%E8%80%B3%E6%9B%BC%E8%AA%9E%E6%97%8F" class="mw-redirect" title="日耳曼語族">日耳曼語族</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"><span class="nowrap"><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="在華英國人" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Britons in China"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%9C%A8%E8%8F%AF%E8%8B%B1%E5%9C%8B%E4%BA%BA&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="在華英國人（页面不存在）">不列顛人</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Britons_in_China" class="extiw" title="en:Britons in China"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Britons in China</span></a></span>）</span></span>（<span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="英裔香港人" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Britons in Hong Kong"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%8B%B1%E8%A3%94%E9%A6%99%E6%B8%AF%E4%BA%BA&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="英裔香港人（页面不存在）">在香港</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Britons_in_Hong_Kong" class="extiw" title="en:Britons in Hong Kong"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Britons in Hong Kong</span></a></span>）</span></span>） ·</span> <span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/%E6%AD%90%E4%BA%9E%E4%BA%BA" class="mw-redirect" title="歐亞人">歐亞人</a>（<a href="/wiki/%E9%A6%99%E6%B8%AF%E6%AD%90%E4%BA%9E%E6%B7%B7%E8%A1%80%E5%85%92" title="香港歐亞混血兒">香港歐亞混血兒</a>）</span></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">其他語系</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"><span class="nowrap"><b><a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%AD%E5%9C%8B%E6%9C%9D%E9%AE%AE%E6%97%8F" title="中國朝鮮族">朝鮮族</a></b>（<a href="/wiki/%E5%9C%A8%E9%A6%99%E6%B8%AF%E7%9A%84%E6%9C%9D%E9%AE%AE%E5%8D%8A%E5%B3%B6%E4%BA%BA" title="在香港的朝鮮半島人">在港</a> ·</span> <span class="nowrap"><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="在中國的朝鲜半岛人" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Koreans in China"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%9C%A8%E4%B8%AD%E5%9C%8B%E7%9A%84%E6%9C%9D%E9%B2%9C%E5%8D%8A%E5%B2%9B%E4%BA%BA&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="在中國的朝鲜半岛人（页面不存在）">在華韓僑</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Koreans_in_China" class="extiw" title="en:Koreans in China"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Koreans in China</span></a></span>）</span></span>（<a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%8A%E6%B5%B7%E9%9F%93%E5%83%91" title="上海韓僑">在滬</a>）） ·</span> <span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/%E6%97%A5%E8%A3%94%E4%B8%AD%E5%9B%BD%E4%BA%BA" title="日裔中国人">和族</a>（<a href="/wiki/%E9%81%97%E5%8D%8E%E6%97%A5%E4%BE%A8" title="遗华日侨">遗华日侨</a> ·</span> <span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/%E5%9C%A8%E6%B8%AF%E6%97%A5%E6%9C%AC%E4%BA%BA" title="在港日本人">在港</a>） ·</span> <span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%AD%E5%9C%8B%E7%8C%B6%E5%A4%AA%E4%BA%BA" title="中國猶太人">犹太人</a>（<a href="/wiki/%E9%A6%99%E6%B8%AF%E7%8C%B6%E5%A4%AA%E4%BA%BA" title="香港猶太人">在香港</a> ·</span> <span class="nowrap"><a class="mw-selflink selflink">在开封</a>） ·</span> <span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/%E5%9C%A8%E4%B8%AD%E5%9C%8B%E7%9A%84%E9%9D%9E%E6%B4%B2%E8%A3%94" title="在中國的非洲裔">在華非裔</a>（<a href="/wiki/%E5%9C%A8%E5%BB%A3%E5%B7%9E%E7%9A%84%E9%9D%9E%E6%B4%B2%E4%BA%BA" title="在廣州的非洲人">在廣州</a> ·</span> <span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/%E5%9C%A8%E9%A6%99%E6%B8%AF%E7%9A%84%E9%BB%91%E4%BA%BA" title="在香港的黑人">在香港</a>） ·</span> <span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/%E6%B7%B7%E8%A1%80%E5%84%BF" class="mw-redirect" title="混血儿">混血儿</a>（<span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="中國混血儿" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Multiracial people in China"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E4%B8%AD%E5%9C%8B%E6%B7%B7%E8%A1%80%E5%84%BF&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="中國混血儿（页面不存在）">多種族中國人</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Multiracial_people_in_China" class="extiw" title="en:Multiracial people in China"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Multiracial people in China</span></a></span>）</span></span>） ·</span> <span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%AD%E5%8D%8E%E4%BA%BA%E6%B0%91%E5%85%B1%E5%92%8C%E5%9B%BD%E6%9C%AA%E8%AF%86%E5%88%AB%E6%B0%91%E6%97%8F" title="中华人民共和国未识别民族">未识别民族</a>（<a href="/wiki/%E8%B4%B5%E5%B7%9E%E6%9C%AA%E8%AF%86%E5%88%AB%E6%B0%91%E6%97%8F" title="贵州未识别民族">在貴州</a>）</span></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">海外侨民和移民</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="collapsible-title navbox-title" colspan="2"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:%E6%B5%B7%E5%A4%96%E8%8F%AF%E4%BA%BA" title="Template:海外華人"><abbr title="查看该模板">查</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:%E6%B5%B7%E5%A4%96%E8%8F%AF%E4%BA%BA" title="Template talk:海外華人"><abbr title="讨论该模板">论</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:%E7%BC%96%E8%BE%91%E9%A1%B5%E9%9D%A2/Template:%E6%B5%B7%E5%A4%96%E8%8F%AF%E4%BA%BA" title="Special:编辑页面/Template:海外華人"><abbr title="编辑该模板">编</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="海外華人" style="font-size:110%;margin:0 5em"><a href="/wiki/%E8%8F%AF%E5%83%91%E8%8F%AF%E4%BA%BA" title="華僑華人">海外華人</a></div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E5%8D%8E%E4%BA%BA" title="华人">华人</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%8F%AF%E4%BA%BA%E5%9C%B0%E5%8D%80" title="華人地區">華人地區</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%9C%9F%E7%94%9F%E8%8F%AF%E4%BA%BA" class="mw-disambig" title="土生華人">土生華人</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%AD%B8%E5%9C%8B%E8%8F%AF%E5%83%91" title="歸國華僑">歸國華僑</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%B5%B7%E5%A4%96%E8%97%8F%E4%BA%BA" title="海外藏人">海外藏人</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%B5%B7%E5%A4%96%E6%B8%AF%E4%BA%BA" title="海外港人">海外香港人</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%87%BA%E7%81%A3%E8%A3%94" title="臺灣裔">海外台湾人</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%87%91%E9%96%80%E5%83%91%E6%B0%91" title="金門僑民">海外金門人</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/%E9%9D%9E%E6%B4%B2%E5%8D%8E%E4%BA%BA" title="非洲华人">非洲</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">北非</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E9%98%BF%E7%88%BE%E5%8F%8A%E5%88%A9%E4%BA%9E%E8%8F%AF%E4%BA%BA" title="阿爾及利亞華人">阿爾及利亞</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%9F%83%E5%8F%8A%E8%8F%AF%E4%BA%BA" title="埃及華人">埃及</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%88%A9%E6%AF%94%E4%BA%9E%E8%8F%AF%E4%BA%BA" title="利比亞華人">利比亞</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%91%A9%E6%B4%9B%E5%93%A5%E8%8F%AF%E4%BA%BA" title="摩洛哥華人">摩洛哥</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">西非</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E5%B8%83%E5%9F%BA%E7%B4%8D%E6%B3%95%E7%B4%A2%E8%8F%AF%E4%BA%BA" class="mw-redirect" title="布基納法索華人">布基纳法索</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%BD%9B%E5%BE%97%E8%A7%92%E8%8F%AF%E4%BA%BA" title="佛得角華人">維德角</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%8A%A0%E7%BA%B3%E5%8D%8E%E4%BA%BA" title="加纳华人">迦納</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%A6%AC%E9%87%8C%E8%8F%AF%E4%BA%BA" title="馬里華人">马里</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%B0%BC%E6%97%A5%E5%88%A9%E4%BA%9E%E8%8F%AF%E4%BA%BA" title="尼日利亞華人">奈及利亞</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%A1%9E%E5%85%A7%E5%8A%A0%E7%88%BE%E8%8F%AF%E4%BA%BA" title="塞內加爾華人">塞內加爾</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">中非</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E5%96%80%E9%BA%A6%E9%9A%86%E5%8D%8E%E4%BA%BA" title="喀麦隆华人">喀麥隆</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%89%9B%E6%9E%9C%E5%85%B1%E5%92%8C%E5%9C%8B%E8%8F%AF%E4%BA%BA" title="剛果共和國華人">剛果共和國</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%89%9B%E6%9E%9C%E6%B0%91%E4%B8%BB%E5%85%B1%E5%92%8C%E5%9C%8B%E8%8F%AF%E4%BA%BA" title="剛果民主共和國華人">剛果民主共和國</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">南非</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E5%AE%89%E5%93%A5%E6%8B%89%E8%8F%AF%E4%BA%BA" title="安哥拉華人">安哥拉</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%8D%9A%E8%8C%A8%E7%93%A6%E7%BA%B3%E5%8D%8E%E4%BA%BA" title="博茨瓦纳华人">波札那</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%90%8A%E7%B4%A2%E6%89%98%E8%8F%AF%E4%BA%BA" title="萊索托華人">賴索托</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%A6%AC%E9%81%94%E5%8A%A0%E6%96%AF%E5%8A%A0%E8%8F%AF%E4%BA%BA" title="馬達加斯加華人">馬達加斯加</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%A6%AC%E6%8B%89%E5%A8%81%E8%8F%AF%E4%BA%BA" title="馬拉威華人">馬拉威</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%8D%8E%E8%A3%94%E6%AF%9B%E9%87%8C%E6%B1%82%E6%96%AF%E4%BA%BA" title="华裔毛里求斯人">模里西斯</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%8E%AB%E6%A1%91%E6%AF%94%E5%85%8B%E8%8F%AF%E4%BA%BA" title="莫桑比克華人">莫三比克</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%B4%8D%E7%B1%B3%E6%AF%94%E4%BA%9E%E8%8F%AF%E4%BA%BA" title="納米比亞華人">納米比亞</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%95%99%E5%B0%BC%E6%97%BA%E8%8F%AF%E4%BA%BA" title="留尼旺華人">留尼旺</a><small>［法］</small></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%A1%9E%E8%88%8C%E7%88%BE%E8%8F%AF%E4%BA%BA" title="塞舌爾華人">塞席爾</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%8D%97%E9%9D%9E%E5%8D%8E%E4%BA%BA" title="南非华人">南非</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%B4%8A%E6%AF%94%E4%BA%9E%E8%8F%AF%E4%BA%BA" title="贊比亞華人">尚比亞</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%B4%A5%E5%B7%B4%E5%B8%83%E9%9F%8B%E8%8F%AF%E4%BA%BA" title="津巴布韋華人">辛巴威</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">東非</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="衣索比亞華人" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Chinese people in Ethiopia"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%A1%A3%E7%B4%A2%E6%AF%94%E4%BA%9E%E8%8F%AF%E4%BA%BA&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="衣索比亞華人（页面不存在）">衣索比亞</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chinese_people_in_Ethiopia" class="extiw" title="en:Chinese people in Ethiopia"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Chinese people in Ethiopia</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%82%AF%E5%B0%BC%E4%BA%9E%E8%8F%AF%E4%BA%BA" title="肯尼亞華人">肯亞</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%9D%A6%E6%A1%91%E5%B0%BC%E4%BA%9E%E8%8F%AF%E4%BA%BA" title="坦桑尼亞華人">坦尚尼亞</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%83%8F%E5%B9%B2%E9%81%94%E8%8F%AF%E4%BA%BA" title="烏干達華人">烏干達</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">美洲</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/%E5%8A%A0%E5%8B%92%E6%AF%94%E5%8D%8E%E4%BA%BA" title="加勒比华人">加勒比</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="貝里斯華人" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Ethnic Chinese in Belize"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%B2%9D%E9%87%8C%E6%96%AF%E8%8F%AF%E4%BA%BA&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="貝里斯華人（页面不存在）">貝里斯</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ethnic_Chinese_in_Belize" class="extiw" title="en:Ethnic Chinese in Belize"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Ethnic Chinese in Belize</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%8F%A4%E5%B7%B4%E8%8F%AF%E4%BA%BA" title="古巴華人">古巴</a></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="多明尼加華人" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Ethnic Chinese in the Dominican Republic"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%A4%9A%E6%98%8E%E5%B0%BC%E5%8A%A0%E8%8F%AF%E4%BA%BA&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="多明尼加華人（页面不存在）">多明尼加</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ethnic_Chinese_in_the_Dominican_Republic" class="extiw" title="en:Ethnic Chinese in the Dominican Republic"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Ethnic Chinese in the Dominican Republic</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%9C%AD%E4%BA%9A%E9%82%A3%E5%8D%8E%E4%BA%BA" title="圭亚那华人">蓋亞那</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%B5%B7%E5%9C%B0%E8%8F%AF%E4%BA%BA" title="海地華人">海地</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%89%99%E8%B2%B7%E5%8A%A0%E8%8F%AF%E4%BA%BA" title="牙買加華人">牙買加</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%B3%A2%E5%A4%9A%E9%BB%8E%E5%90%84%E8%8F%AF%E4%BA%BA" title="波多黎各華人">波多黎各</a><small>［美］</small></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%8B%8F%E9%87%8C%E5%8D%97%E5%8D%8E%E4%BA%BA" title="苏里南华人">蘇利南</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%89%B9%E7%AB%8B%E5%B0%BC%E8%BE%BE%E5%92%8C%E5%A4%9A%E5%B7%B4%E5%93%A5%E5%8D%8E%E4%BA%BA" title="特立尼达和多巴哥华人">千里達及托巴哥</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">北美</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E5%8D%8E%E8%A3%94%E5%8A%A0%E6%8B%BF%E5%A4%A7%E4%BA%BA" title="华裔加拿大人">加拿大</a> <ul><li><small><a href="/wiki/%E9%A6%99%E6%B8%AF%E8%A3%94%E5%8A%A0%E6%8B%BF%E5%A4%A7%E4%BA%BA" title="香港裔加拿大人">香港人</a></small></li> <li><small><a href="/wiki/%E8%87%BA%E7%81%A3%E8%A3%94%E5%8A%A0%E6%8B%BF%E5%A4%A7%E4%BA%BA" title="臺灣裔加拿大人">臺灣人</a></small></li> <li><small><a href="/wiki/%E8%97%8F%E8%A3%94%E5%8A%A0%E6%8B%BF%E5%A4%A7%E4%BA%BA" title="藏裔加拿大人">藏人</a></small></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="加拿大英屬哥倫比亞華人" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Chinese Canadians in British Columbia"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%8A%A0%E6%8B%BF%E5%A4%A7%E8%8B%B1%E5%B1%AC%E5%93%A5%E5%80%AB%E6%AF%94%E4%BA%9E%E8%8F%AF%E4%BA%BA&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="加拿大英屬哥倫比亞華人（页面不存在）">英屬哥倫比亞</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chinese_Canadians_in_British_Columbia" class="extiw" title="en:Chinese Canadians in British Columbia"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Chinese Canadians in British Columbia</span></a></span>）</span></span> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%A7%E6%B8%A9%E5%93%A5%E5%8D%8E%E5%9C%B0%E5%8C%BA%E7%9A%84%E5%8D%8E%E8%A3%94%E5%8A%A0%E6%8B%BF%E5%A4%A7%E4%BA%BA" title="大温哥华地区的华裔加拿大人">溫哥華</a></li></ul></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="加拿大大多倫多地區華人" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Chinese Canadians in the Greater Toronto Area"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%8A%A0%E6%8B%BF%E5%A4%A7%E5%A4%A7%E5%A4%9A%E5%80%AB%E5%A4%9A%E5%9C%B0%E5%8D%80%E8%8F%AF%E4%BA%BA&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="加拿大大多倫多地區華人（页面不存在）">多倫多</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chinese_Canadians_in_the_Greater_Toronto_Area" class="extiw" title="en:Chinese Canadians in the Greater Toronto Area"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Chinese Canadians in the Greater Toronto Area</span></a></span>）</span></span></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%8D%8E%E8%A3%94%E5%A2%A8%E8%A5%BF%E5%93%A5%E4%BA%BA" title="华裔墨西哥人">墨西哥</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%8D%8E%E8%A3%94%E7%BE%8E%E5%9B%BD%E4%BA%BA" title="华裔美国人">美國</a> <ul><li><small><a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%89%E6%B1%9F%E4%BA%BA" title="三江人">三江人</a></small></li> <li><small><a href="/wiki/%E9%A6%99%E6%B8%AF%E8%A3%94%E7%BE%8E%E5%9B%BD%E4%BA%BA" title="香港裔美国人">香港人</a></small></li> <li><small><a href="/wiki/%E8%87%BA%E7%81%A3%E8%A3%94%E7%BE%8E%E5%9C%8B%E4%BA%BA" title="臺灣裔美國人">臺灣人</a></small></li> <li><small><a href="/wiki/%E8%97%8F%E8%A3%94%E7%BE%8E%E5%9B%BD%E4%BA%BA" title="藏裔美国人">藏人</a></small></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">中美</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E5%93%A5%E6%96%AF%E8%BE%BE%E9%BB%8E%E5%8A%A0%E5%8D%8E%E4%BA%BA" title="哥斯达黎加华人">哥斯大黎加</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%B4%AA%E9%83%BD%E6%8B%89%E6%96%AF%E5%8D%8E%E4%BA%BA" title="洪都拉斯华人">洪都拉斯</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%B0%BC%E5%8A%A0%E6%8B%89%E7%93%9C%E5%8D%8E%E4%BA%BA" title="尼加拉瓜华人">尼加拉瓜</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%B7%B4%E6%8B%BF%E9%A9%AC%E5%8D%8E%E4%BA%BA" title="巴拿马华人">巴拿馬</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">南美</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E9%98%BF%E6%A0%B9%E5%BB%B7%E5%8D%8E%E4%BA%BA" title="阿根廷华人">阿根廷</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%B7%B4%E8%A5%BF%E5%8D%8E%E4%BA%BA" title="巴西华人">巴西</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%99%BA%E5%88%A9%E5%8D%8E%E4%BA%BA" title="智利华人">智利</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%8E%84%E7%93%9C%E5%A4%9A%E5%B0%94%E5%8D%8E%E4%BA%BA" title="厄瓜多尔华人">厄瓜多</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%9C%AD%E4%BA%9A%E9%82%A3%E5%8D%8E%E4%BA%BA" title="圭亚那华人">蓋亞那</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%B7%B4%E6%8B%89%E5%9C%AD%E5%8D%8E%E4%BA%BA" title="巴拉圭华人">巴拉圭</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%A7%98%E9%B2%81%E5%8D%8E%E4%BA%BA" title="秘鲁华人">秘魯</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%8B%8F%E9%87%8C%E5%8D%97%E5%8D%8E%E4%BA%BA" title="苏里南华人">蘇利南</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%83%8F%E6%8B%89%E5%9C%AD%E8%8F%AF%E4%BA%BA" title="烏拉圭華人">烏拉圭</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%A7%94%E5%86%85%E7%91%9E%E6%8B%89%E5%8D%8E%E4%BA%BA" title="委内瑞拉华人">委內瑞拉</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">亞洲</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">西亞</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E4%BC%8A%E6%9C%97%E8%8F%AF%E4%BA%BA" title="伊朗華人">伊朗</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%BB%A5%E8%89%B2%E5%88%97%E8%8F%AF%E4%BA%BA" title="以色列華人">以色列</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%9C%9F%E8%80%B3%E5%85%B6%E8%8F%AF%E4%BA%BA" title="土耳其華人">土耳其</a> <ul><li><small><a href="/wiki/%E5%9C%9F%E8%80%B3%E5%85%B6%E7%9A%84%E7%B6%AD%E5%90%BE%E7%88%BE%E4%BA%BA" title="土耳其的維吾爾人">維吾爾人</a></small></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%98%BF%E8%81%AF%E9%85%8B%E8%8F%AF%E4%BA%BA" title="阿聯酋華人">阿聯酋</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">中亞</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E5%93%88%E8%90%A8%E5%85%8B%E6%96%AF%E5%9D%A6%E5%8D%8E%E4%BA%BA" title="哈萨克斯坦华人">哈薩克</a> <ul><li><small><a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%9C%E5%B9%B2%E6%97%8F" title="东干族">東干人</a></small></li> <li><small><a href="/wiki/%E5%93%88%E8%96%A9%E5%85%8B%E6%96%AF%E5%9D%A6%E7%9A%84%E7%B6%AD%E5%90%BE%E7%88%BE%E4%BA%BA" title="哈薩克斯坦的維吾爾人">維吾爾人</a></small> <ul><li><small><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="阿拉木圖維吾爾人" data-lang-code="ru" data-lang-name="俄语" data-foreign-title="Уйгурская община Алма-Аты"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E9%98%BF%E6%8B%89%E6%9C%A8%E5%9C%96%E7%B6%AD%E5%90%BE%E7%88%BE%E4%BA%BA&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="阿拉木圖維吾爾人（页面不存在）">阿拉木圖</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">俄语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A3%D0%B9%D0%B3%D1%83%D1%80%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%8F_%D0%BE%D0%B1%D1%89%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D0%90%D0%BB%D0%BC%D0%B0-%D0%90%D1%82%D1%8B" class="extiw" title="ru:Уйгурская община Алма-Аты"><span lang="ru" dir="auto">Уйгурская община Алма-Аты</span></a></span>）</span></span></small></li></ul></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%90%89%E7%88%BE%E5%90%89%E6%96%AF%E6%96%AF%E5%9D%A6%E8%8F%AF%E4%BA%BA" title="吉爾吉斯斯坦華人">吉爾吉斯</a> <ul><li><small><a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%9C%E5%B9%B2%E6%97%8F" title="东干族">東干人</a></small></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">南亞</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E8%8F%AF%E8%A3%94%E5%AD%9F%E5%8A%A0%E6%8B%89%E4%BA%BA" title="華裔孟加拉人">孟加拉国</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%8D%B0%E5%BA%A6%E8%8F%AF%E4%BA%BA" title="印度華人">印度</a> <ul><li><small><a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%AD%E5%8D%B0%E6%B7%B7%E8%A1%80%E5%84%BF" title="中印混血儿">中印人</a></small></li> <li><small><a href="/wiki/%E6%B5%B7%E5%A4%96%E8%97%8F%E4%BA%BA#在印度" title="海外藏人">藏人</a></small></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%B7%B4%E5%9F%BA%E6%96%AF%E5%9D%A6%E5%8D%8E%E4%BA%BA" title="巴基斯坦华人">巴基斯坦</a> <ul><li><small><a href="/wiki/%E5%9C%A8%E5%B7%B4%E5%9F%BA%E6%96%AF%E5%9D%A6%E7%B6%AD%E5%90%BE%E7%88%BE%E4%BA%BA" title="在巴基斯坦維吾爾人">維吾爾人</a></small></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%96%AF%E9%87%8C%E8%98%AD%E5%8D%A1%E8%8F%AF%E4%BA%BA" title="斯里蘭卡華人">斯里蘭卡</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">東南亞</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E6%B1%B6%E8%90%8A%E8%8F%AF%E4%BA%BA" title="汶萊華人">汶萊</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%9F%AC%E5%9F%94%E5%AF%A8%E8%8F%AF%E4%BA%BA" title="柬埔寨華人">柬埔寨</a> <ul><li><small><a href="/wiki/%E6%9F%AC%E5%9F%94%E5%AF%A8%E7%A6%8F%E5%BB%BA%E4%BA%BA" title="柬埔寨福建人">福建人</a></small></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%9D%B1%E5%B8%9D%E6%B1%B6%E8%8F%AF%E4%BA%BA" title="東帝汶華人">東帝汶</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%8D%B0%E5%BA%A6%E5%B0%BC%E8%A5%BF%E4%BA%9E%E8%8F%AF%E4%BA%BA" title="印度尼西亞華人">印度尼西亞</a> <ul><li><small><a href="/wiki/%E5%B3%87%E5%B3%87%E5%A8%98%E6%83%B9" title="峇峇娘惹">峇峇娘惹</a></small></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="邦加－勿里洞華人" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Chinese in Bangka-Belitung Islands"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E9%82%A6%E5%8A%A0%EF%BC%8D%E5%8B%BF%E9%87%8C%E6%B4%9E%E8%8F%AF%E4%BA%BA&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="邦加－勿里洞華人（页面不存在）">邦加－勿里洞</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chinese_in_Bangka-Belitung_Islands" class="extiw" title="en:Chinese in Bangka-Belitung Islands"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Chinese in Bangka-Belitung Islands</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%96%87%E7%99%BB%E8%8F%AF%E4%BA%BA" title="文登華人">文登</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%80%81%E6%92%BE%E8%8F%AF%E4%BA%BA" title="老撾華人">寮國</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%A6%AC%E4%BE%86%E8%A5%BF%E4%BA%9E%E8%8F%AF%E4%BA%BA" title="馬來西亞華人">馬來西亞</a> <ul><li><small><a href="/wiki/%E6%A7%9F%E5%9F%8E%E5%8D%8E%E4%BA%BA" title="槟城华人">槟城</a></small></li> <li><small><a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%89%E6%B1%9F%E4%BA%BA" title="三江人">三江人</a></small></li> <li><small><a href="/wiki/%E5%B3%87%E5%B3%87%E5%A8%98%E6%83%B9" title="峇峇娘惹">峇峇娘惹</a></small></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%B7%AC%E7%94%B8%E8%8F%AF%E4%BA%BA" title="緬甸華人">緬甸</a> <ul><li><small><a href="/wiki/%E7%B7%AC%E7%94%B8%E8%97%8F%E4%BA%BA" title="緬甸藏人">藏人</a></small></li> <li><small><a href="/wiki/%E7%BC%85%E7%94%B8%E7%8B%AC%E9%BE%99%E6%97%8F" title="缅甸独龙族">獨龍人</a></small></li> <li><small><a href="/wiki/%E6%9E%9C%E6%95%A2%E6%97%8F" title="果敢族">果敢人</a></small></li> <li><small><a href="/wiki/%E5%8B%90%E7%A8%B3%E4%BA%BA" title="勐稳人">勐稳人</a></small></li> <li><small><a href="/wiki/%E6%BD%98%E6%B3%B0%E4%BA%BA" title="潘泰人">潘泰人</a></small></li> <li><small><a href="/wiki/%E5%B3%87%E5%B3%87%E5%A8%98%E6%83%B9" title="峇峇娘惹">峇峇娘惹</a></small></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%9C%A8%E5%8F%B0%E7%B7%AC%E7%94%B8%E8%8F%AF%E4%BA%BA" title="在台緬甸華人">臺灣</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%8F%B2%E5%BE%8B%E5%AE%BE%E5%8D%8E%E4%BA%BA" title="菲律宾华人">菲律賓</a> <ul><li><small><a href="/wiki/%E5%B8%B8%E4%BE%86%E4%BA%BA" title="常來人">常來人</a></small></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%96%B0%E5%8A%A0%E5%9D%A1%E8%8F%AF%E4%BA%BA" title="新加坡華人">新加坡</a> <ul><li><small><a href="/wiki/%E5%B1%85%E4%BD%8F%E6%96%B0%E5%8A%A0%E5%9D%A1%E7%9A%84%E4%B8%AD%E5%9C%8B%E5%9C%8B%E6%B0%91" title="居住新加坡的中國國民">中國國民</a></small></li> <li><small><a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%89%E6%B1%9F%E4%BA%BA" title="三江人">三江人</a></small></li> <li><small><a href="/wiki/%E5%B3%87%E5%B3%87%E5%A8%98%E6%83%B9" title="峇峇娘惹">峇峇娘惹</a></small></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%8F%AF%E8%A3%94%E6%B3%B0%E5%9C%8B%E4%BA%BA" title="華裔泰國人">泰國</a> <ul><li><small><a href="/wiki/%E7%A7%A6%E9%9C%8D%E4%BA%BA" title="秦霍人">秦霍人</a></small></li> <li><small><a href="/wiki/%E5%B3%87%E5%B3%87%E5%A8%98%E6%83%B9" title="峇峇娘惹">峇峇娘惹</a></small></li> <li><small><a href="/wiki/%E8%87%BA%E7%81%A3%E8%A3%94%E6%B3%B0%E5%9C%8B%E4%BA%BA" title="臺灣裔泰國人">臺灣人</a></small></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%B6%8A%E5%8D%97%E8%8F%AF%E4%BA%BA" title="越南華人">越南</a> <ul><li><small><a href="/wiki/%E6%98%8E%E9%84%89%E4%BA%BA" title="明鄉人">明鄉人</a></small></li> <li><small><a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%8B%E6%96%B9%E6%97%8F" title="下方族">下方人</a></small></li> <li><small><a href="/wiki/%E8%89%BE%E6%97%8F" title="艾族">艾人</a></small></li> <li><small><a href="/wiki/%E5%8D%8E%E6%97%8F%E5%86%9C%E4%BA%BA" title="华族农人">儂人</a></small></li> <li><small><a href="/wiki/%E5%B1%B1%E7%94%B1%E6%97%8F" title="山由族">山由人</a></small></li> <li><small><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="潮汕裔越南人" data-lang-code="vi" data-lang-name="越南语" data-foreign-title="Người Tiều (Việt Nam)"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%BD%AE%E6%B1%95%E8%A3%94%E8%B6%8A%E5%8D%97%E4%BA%BA&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="潮汕裔越南人（页面不存在）">潮汕人</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">越南语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ng%C6%B0%E1%BB%9Di_Ti%E1%BB%81u_(Vi%E1%BB%87t_Nam)" class="extiw" title="vi:Người Tiều (Việt Nam)"><span lang="vi" dir="auto">Người Tiều (Việt Nam)</span></a></span>）</span></span></small></li> <li><small><a href="/wiki/%E8%87%BA%E7%81%A3%E8%A3%94%E8%B6%8A%E5%8D%97%E4%BA%BA" title="臺灣裔越南人">臺灣人</a></small></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%83%A1%E5%BF%97%E6%98%8E%E5%B8%82%E8%8F%AF%E4%BA%BA" title="胡志明市華人">胡志明</a></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="潘切市華人" data-lang-code="vi" data-lang-name="越南语" data-foreign-title="Người Hoa ở Phan Thiết"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%BD%98%E5%88%87%E5%B8%82%E8%8F%AF%E4%BA%BA&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="潘切市華人（页面不存在）">潘切</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">越南语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ng%C6%B0%E1%BB%9Di_Hoa_%E1%BB%9F_Phan_Thi%E1%BA%BFt" class="extiw" title="vi:Người Hoa ở Phan Thiết"><span lang="vi" dir="auto">Người Hoa ở Phan Thiết</span></a></span>）</span></span></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">東亞</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E6%97%A5%E6%9C%AC%E8%8F%AF%E4%BA%BA" title="日本華人">日本</a> <ul><li><small><a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%89%E6%B1%9F%E4%BA%BA" title="三江人">三江人</a></small></li> <li><small><a href="/wiki/%E8%87%BA%E7%81%A3%E8%A3%94%E6%97%A5%E6%9C%AC%E4%BA%BA" title="臺灣裔日本人">臺灣人</a></small></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%96%A9%E4%BA%BA%E4%B8%89%E5%8D%81%E5%85%AD%E5%A7%93" title="閩人三十六姓">琉球</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%9C%9D%E9%B2%9C%E5%8D%8A%E5%B2%9B%E5%8D%8E%E4%BA%BA" title="朝鲜半岛华人">朝鮮半島</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%92%99%E5%8F%A4%E5%9C%8B%E8%8F%AF%E4%BA%BA" title="蒙古國華人">蒙古</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">歐洲</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">北歐</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%B9%E9%BA%A5%E8%8F%AF%E4%BA%BA" title="丹麥華人">丹麥</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%8A%AC%E5%85%B0%E5%8D%8E%E4%BA%BA" title="芬兰华人">芬蘭</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%86%B0%E5%B2%9B%E5%8D%8E%E4%BA%BA" title="冰岛华人">冰島</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%8C%AA%E5%A8%81%E5%8D%8E%E4%BA%BA" title="挪威华人">挪威</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%91%9E%E5%85%B8%E8%8F%AF%E4%BA%BA" title="瑞典華人">瑞典</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">西歐</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E6%AF%94%E5%88%A9%E6%97%B6%E5%8D%8E%E4%BA%BA" title="比利时华人">比利時</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%8D%8E%E8%A3%94%E6%B3%95%E5%9B%BD%E4%BA%BA" title="华裔法国人">法國</a> <ul><li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="巴黎華人" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Chinese community in Paris"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%B7%B4%E9%BB%8E%E8%8F%AF%E4%BA%BA&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="巴黎華人（页面不存在）">巴黎</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chinese_community_in_Paris" class="extiw" title="en:Chinese community in Paris"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Chinese community in Paris</span></a></span>）</span></span></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%8D%8E%E8%A3%94%E5%BE%B7%E5%9B%BD%E4%BA%BA" title="华裔德国人">德國</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%84%9B%E7%88%BE%E8%98%AD%E8%8F%AF%E4%BA%BA" title="愛爾蘭華人">愛爾蘭</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%8D%B7%E5%85%B0%E5%8D%8E%E4%BA%BA" title="荷兰华人">荷蘭</a></li> <li>瑞士 <ul><li><small><a href="/wiki/%E7%91%9E%E5%A3%AB%E8%97%8F%E4%BA%BA" title="瑞士藏人">藏人</a></small></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%8F%AF%E8%A3%94%E8%8B%B1%E5%9C%8B%E4%BA%BA" title="華裔英國人">英國</a> <ul><li><small><a href="/wiki/%E9%A6%99%E6%B8%AF%E8%A3%94%E8%8B%B1%E5%9C%8B%E4%BA%BA" title="香港裔英國人">香港人</a></small></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="倫敦華人" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Chinese community in London"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%80%AB%E6%95%A6%E8%8F%AF%E4%BA%BA&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="倫敦華人（页面不存在）">倫敦</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chinese_community_in_London" class="extiw" title="en:Chinese community in London"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Chinese community in London</span></a></span>）</span></span></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">南歐</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E5%B8%8C%E8%85%8A%E5%8D%8E%E4%BA%BA" title="希腊华人">希腊</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%BE%A9%E5%A4%A7%E5%88%A9%E8%8F%AF%E4%BA%BA" title="義大利華人">義大利</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%91%A1%E8%90%84%E7%89%99%E5%8D%8E%E4%BA%BA" title="葡萄牙华人">葡萄牙</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%A5%BF%E7%8F%AD%E7%89%99%E8%8F%AF%E4%BA%BA" title="西班牙華人">西班牙</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">東歐</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E4%BF%9D%E5%8A%A0%E5%88%A9%E4%BA%9A%E5%8D%8E%E4%BA%BA" title="保加利亚华人">保加利亞</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%8D%B7%E5%85%8B%E5%8D%8E%E4%BA%BA" title="捷克华人">捷克</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%AD%E5%9C%8B%E2%80%94%E6%B3%A2%E8%98%AD%E9%97%9C%E4%BF%82#文化" title="中國—波蘭關係">波蘭</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%BD%97%E9%A9%AC%E5%B0%BC%E4%BA%9A%E5%8D%8E%E4%BA%BA" title="罗马尼亚华人">羅馬尼亞</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%8D%8E%E8%A3%94%E4%BF%84%E7%BD%97%E6%96%AF%E4%BA%BA" title="华裔俄罗斯人">俄羅斯</a> <ul><li><small><a href="/wiki/%E4%BF%84%E7%BE%85%E6%96%AF%E7%9A%84%E6%BB%BF%E6%B4%B2%E4%BA%BA" title="俄羅斯的滿洲人">滿人</a></small></li> <li><small><a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%9C%E5%B9%B2%E6%97%8F" title="东干族">東干人</a></small></li> <li><small><a href="/wiki/%E5%A1%94%E5%85%B9%E6%97%8F" title="塔兹族">塔兹人</a></small></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%A5%BF%E4%BC%AF%E5%88%A9%E4%BA%9E%E8%8F%AF%E4%BA%BA" title="西伯利亞華人">西伯利亞</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%A1%9E%E7%88%BE%E7%B6%AD%E4%BA%9E%E8%8F%AF%E4%BA%BA" title="塞爾維亞華人">塞爾維亞</a></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="烏克蘭華人" data-lang-code="uk" data-lang-name="烏克蘭語" data-foreign-title="Китайці в Україні"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%83%8F%E5%85%8B%E8%98%AD%E8%8F%AF%E4%BA%BA&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="烏克蘭華人（页面不存在）">烏克蘭</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">烏克蘭語</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%B9%D1%86%D1%96_%D0%B2_%D0%A3%D0%BA%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%97%D0%BD%D1%96" class="extiw" title="uk:Китайці в Україні"><span lang="uk" dir="auto">Китайці в Україні</span></a></span>）</span></span></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">大洋洲</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E6%BE%B3%E5%A4%A7%E5%88%A9%E4%BA%9A%E5%8D%8E%E4%BA%BA" title="澳大利亚华人">澳大利亞</a> <ul><li><small><a href="/wiki/%E9%A6%99%E6%B8%AF%E8%A3%94%E6%BE%B3%E6%B4%B2%E4%BA%BA" title="香港裔澳洲人">香港人</a></small></li> <li><small><a href="/wiki/%E5%8F%B0%E6%B9%BE%E8%A3%94%E6%BE%B3%E5%A4%A7%E5%88%A9%E4%BA%9A%E4%BA%BA" title="台湾裔澳大利亚人">臺灣人</a></small></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%96%90%E6%BF%9F%E8%8F%AF%E4%BA%BA" title="斐濟華人">斐濟</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%8F%E5%A8%81%E5%A4%B7%E8%8F%AF%E4%BA%BA" title="夏威夷華人">夏威夷</a><small>［美］</small></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%96%B0%E5%96%80%E9%87%8C%E5%A4%9A%E5%B0%BC%E4%BA%9A%E5%8D%8E%E4%BA%BA" class="mw-redirect" title="新喀里多尼亚华人">新喀里多尼亚</a><small>［法］</small></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%8D%8E%E8%A3%94%E6%96%B0%E8%A5%BF%E5%85%B0%E4%BA%BA" title="华裔新西兰人">紐西蘭</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%B8%9B%E7%90%89%E8%8F%AF%E4%BA%BA" title="帛琉華人">帛琉</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%B7%B4%E5%B8%83%E4%BA%9E%E6%96%B0%E5%B9%BE%E5%85%A7%E4%BA%9E%E8%8F%AF%E4%BA%BA" title="巴布亞新幾內亞華人">巴布亞紐幾內亞</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%96%A9%E6%91%A9%E4%BA%9E%E8%8F%AF%E4%BA%BA" title="薩摩亞華人">薩摩亞</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%B9%AF%E5%8A%A0%E8%8F%AF%E4%BA%BA" title="湯加華人">東加</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%93%A6%E5%8A%AA%E9%98%BF%E5%9C%96%E8%8F%AF%E4%BA%BA" title="瓦努阿圖華人">萬那杜</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">相關條目</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">組織、團體</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E5%94%90%E4%BA%BA%E8%A1%97" title="唐人街">唐人街</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%8D%8E%E4%BA%BA%E7%A4%BE%E5%9B%A2" title="华人社团">华人社团</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%8D%8E%E4%BA%BA%E9%BB%91%E7%A4%BE%E4%BC%9A" title="华人黑社会">华人黑社会</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%8D%8E%E4%BA%BA%E6%96%B0%E6%9D%91" title="华人新村">华人新村</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%AD%E8%8F%AF%E6%B0%91%E5%9C%8B%E5%83%91%E5%8B%99%E5%A7%94%E5%93%A1%E6%9C%83" title="中華民國僑務委員會">中華民國僑務委員會</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%9B%BD%E5%8A%A1%E9%99%A2%E4%BE%A8%E5%8A%A1%E5%8A%9E%E5%85%AC%E5%AE%A4" title="国务院侨务办公室">中華人民共和國國務院僑務辦公室</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">身份、稱謂</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E5%83%91%E9%A0%98" title="僑領">僑領</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%83%91%E7%94%9F" title="僑生">僑生</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%8F%AF%E5%B7%A5" title="華工">華工</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%8F%AF%E5%95%86" title="華商">華商</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%96%B0%E5%AE%A2" class="mw-disambig" title="新客">新客</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%96%B0%E7%A7%BB%E6%B0%91" title="新移民">新移民</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">歷史、文化</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E8%8F%AF%E4%BA%BA%E7%A7%BB%E6%B0%91%E5%8F%B2" title="華人移民史">華人移民史</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E6%AE%B7%E4%BA%BA%E4%B8%9C%E6%B8%A1%E7%BE%8E%E6%B4%B2%E8%AE%BA" title="殷人东渡美洲论">殷人东渡美洲论</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%B5%B7%E5%A4%96%E8%8F%AF%E4%BA%BA%E8%AA%9E%E8%A8%80" title="海外華人語言">海外華人語言</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div>參見：{{<a href="/wiki/Template:%E6%BC%A2%E6%97%8F%E6%B0%91%E7%B3%BB" title="Template:漢族民系">漢族民系</a>}}、{{<a href="/wiki/Template:%E9%A6%99%E6%B8%AF%E4%BE%A8%E6%B0%91" title="Template:香港侨民">香港侨民</a>}}、{{<a href="/wiki/Template:%E6%B5%B7%E5%A4%96%E8%87%BA%E7%81%A3%E4%BA%BA" title="Template:海外臺灣人">海外臺灣人</a>}}、{{<a href="/wiki/Template:%E5%94%90%E4%BA%BA%E8%A1%97" title="Template:唐人街">唐人街</a>}}</div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">外来人口</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="collapsible-title navbox-title" colspan="2"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:%E4%B8%AD%E5%9C%8B%E7%9A%84%E5%A4%96%E4%BE%86%E4%BA%BA%E5%8F%A3" title="Template:中國的外來人口"><abbr title="查看该模板">查</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Template_talk:%E4%B8%AD%E5%9C%8B%E7%9A%84%E5%A4%96%E4%BE%86%E4%BA%BA%E5%8F%A3&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Template talk:中國的外來人口（页面不存在）"><abbr title="讨论该模板">论</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:%E7%BC%96%E8%BE%91%E9%A1%B5%E9%9D%A2/Template:%E4%B8%AD%E5%9C%8B%E7%9A%84%E5%A4%96%E4%BE%86%E4%BA%BA%E5%8F%A3" title="Special:编辑页面/Template:中國的外來人口"><abbr title="编辑该模板">编</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="中國的外來人口" style="font-size:110%;margin:0 5em"><a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%AD%E5%9B%BD%E5%A4%A7%E9%99%86%E4%BA%BA%E5%8F%A3#在华外国人" title="中国大陆人口">中國的外來人口</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">来自其它亚洲国家</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Armenians_in_China" class="extiw" title="en:Armenians in China">亚美尼亚人</a></li> <li><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Burmese_people_in_China" class="extiw" title="en:Burmese people in China">缅甸人</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%9C%A8%E5%8D%8E%E8%8F%B2%E5%BE%8B%E5%AE%BE%E4%BA%BA" title="在华菲律宾人">菲律宾人</a></li> <li><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Indians_in_China" class="extiw" title="en:Indians in China">印度人</a></li> <li><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Israelis_in_China" class="extiw" title="en:Israelis in China">以色列人</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%AD%E5%9C%8B%E7%8C%B6%E5%A4%AA%E4%BA%BA" title="中國猶太人">犹太人</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%A6%99%E6%B8%AF%E7%8C%B6%E5%A4%AA%E4%BA%BA" title="香港猶太人">在香港</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">在开封</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Iranians_in_China" class="extiw" title="en:Iranians in China">伊朗人</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%97%A5%E8%A3%94%E4%B8%AD%E5%9B%BD%E4%BA%BA" title="日裔中国人">日本人</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%8A%E6%B5%B7%E6%97%A5%E6%9C%AC%E4%BA%BA%E8%81%9A%E5%B1%85%E5%8C%BA" title="上海日本人聚居区">在上海</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Koreans_in_China" class="extiw" title="en:Koreans in China">韩国与朝鲜人</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%8A%E6%B5%B7%E9%9F%93%E5%83%91" title="上海韓僑">在上海</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%9C%A8%E5%8D%8E%E5%B0%BC%E6%B3%8A%E5%B0%94%E4%BA%BA" title="在华尼泊尔人">尼泊尔人</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%9C%A8%E4%B8%AD%E5%9B%BD%E7%9A%84%E5%B7%B4%E5%9F%BA%E6%96%AF%E5%9D%A6%E4%BA%BA" title="在中国的巴基斯坦人">巴基斯坦人</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">来自亚洲之外的国家</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E5%9C%A8%E4%B8%AD%E5%9C%8B%E7%9A%84%E9%9D%9E%E6%B4%B2%E8%A3%94" title="在中國的非洲裔">黑人</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E5%9C%A8%E5%BB%A3%E5%B7%9E%E7%9A%84%E9%9D%9E%E6%B4%B2%E4%BA%BA" title="在廣州的非洲人">在广州</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%9C%A8%E9%A6%99%E6%B8%AF%E7%9A%84%E9%BB%91%E4%BA%BA" title="在香港的黑人">在香港</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%9C%A8%E5%8D%8E%E7%BE%8E%E5%9B%BD%E4%BA%BA" title="在华美国人">美国人</a></li> <li><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Australians_in_China" class="extiw" title="en:Australians in China">澳大利亚人</a></li> <li><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Britons_in_China" class="extiw" title="en:Britons in China">英国人</a> <ul><li><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Britons_in_Hong_Kong" class="extiw" title="en:Britons in Hong Kong">在香港</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Canadians_in_China" class="extiw" title="en:Canadians in China">加拿大人</a></li> <li><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nigerians_in_China" class="extiw" title="en:Nigerians in China">尼日利亚人</a></li> <li><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Poles_in_China" class="extiw" title="en:Poles in China">波兰人</a></li> <li>葡萄牙人 <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E6%BE%B3%E9%96%80%E5%9C%9F%E7%94%9F%E8%91%A1%E4%BA%BA" title="澳門土生葡人">在澳门</a></li></ul></li> <li>俄罗斯人 <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E9%98%BF%E5%B0%94%E5%B7%B4%E6%B4%A5%E4%BA%BA" title="阿尔巴津人">阿尔巴津人</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%93%88%E5%B0%94%E6%BB%A8%E7%99%BD%E4%BF%84" title="哈尔滨白俄">在哈尔滨</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%8A%E6%B5%B7%E7%99%BD%E4%BF%84" title="上海白俄">在上海</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">其它</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Illegal_immigration_to_China" class="extiw" title="en:Illegal immigration to China">非法外来人口</a></li> <li><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Immigration_to_Hong_Kong" class="extiw" title="en:Immigration to Hong Kong">香港的外来人口</a></li> <li><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Immigration_to_Macau" class="extiw" title="en:Immigration to Macau">澳门的外来人口</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div><small>此处中国专指中华人民共和国实际统治区域，不包括中华民国实际统治区域，关于中华民国实际统治区域的外来人口，详见<a href="/wiki/%E5%8F%B0%E7%81%A3%E6%96%B0%E4%BD%8F%E6%B0%91" class="mw-redirect" title="台灣新住民">台湾新住民</a>。</small></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div><span class="nowrap"><b>粗體字</b>：中華人民共和國政府官方認定的56個民族（包括<a href="/wiki/%E6%B1%89%E6%97%8F" title="汉族">汉族</a>和<a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%AD%E5%9B%BD%E5%B0%91%E6%95%B0%E6%B0%91%E6%97%8F" title="中国少数民族">少數民族</a>）<br />參見：<a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%AD%E5%8D%8E%E6%B0%91%E6%97%8F" title="中华民族">中华民族</a> ·</span> <span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%AD%E5%9B%BD%E5%90%84%E6%B0%91%E6%97%8F%E7%94%9F%E8%82%B2%E7%8E%87%E8%A1%A8" title="中国各民族生育率表">中国各民族生育率表</a> ·</span> <span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%AD%E5%9B%BD%E5%8F%A4%E4%BB%A3%E6%B0%91%E6%97%8F" title="中国古代民族">中国古代民族</a></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r84265675"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r84261037"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="中國的外來人口" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="collapsible-title navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r84265675"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r84244141"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:%E4%B8%AD%E5%9C%8B%E7%9A%84%E5%A4%96%E4%BE%86%E4%BA%BA%E5%8F%A3" title="Template:中國的外來人口"><abbr title="查看该模板">查</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Template_talk:%E4%B8%AD%E5%9C%8B%E7%9A%84%E5%A4%96%E4%BE%86%E4%BA%BA%E5%8F%A3&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Template talk:中國的外來人口（页面不存在）"><abbr title="讨论该模板">论</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:%E7%BC%96%E8%BE%91%E9%A1%B5%E9%9D%A2/Template:%E4%B8%AD%E5%9C%8B%E7%9A%84%E5%A4%96%E4%BE%86%E4%BA%BA%E5%8F%A3" title="Special:编辑页面/Template:中國的外來人口"><abbr title="编辑该模板">编</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="中國的外來人口" style="font-size:110%;margin:0 5em"><a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%AD%E5%9B%BD%E5%A4%A7%E9%99%86%E4%BA%BA%E5%8F%A3#在华外国人" title="中国大陆人口">中國的外來人口</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">来自其它亚洲国家</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Armenians_in_China" class="extiw" title="en:Armenians in China">亚美尼亚人</a></li> <li><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Burmese_people_in_China" class="extiw" title="en:Burmese people in China">缅甸人</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%9C%A8%E5%8D%8E%E8%8F%B2%E5%BE%8B%E5%AE%BE%E4%BA%BA" title="在华菲律宾人">菲律宾人</a></li> <li><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Indians_in_China" class="extiw" title="en:Indians in China">印度人</a></li> <li><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Israelis_in_China" class="extiw" title="en:Israelis in China">以色列人</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%AD%E5%9C%8B%E7%8C%B6%E5%A4%AA%E4%BA%BA" title="中國猶太人">犹太人</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%A6%99%E6%B8%AF%E7%8C%B6%E5%A4%AA%E4%BA%BA" title="香港猶太人">在香港</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">在开封</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Iranians_in_China" class="extiw" title="en:Iranians in China">伊朗人</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%97%A5%E8%A3%94%E4%B8%AD%E5%9B%BD%E4%BA%BA" title="日裔中国人">日本人</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%8A%E6%B5%B7%E6%97%A5%E6%9C%AC%E4%BA%BA%E8%81%9A%E5%B1%85%E5%8C%BA" title="上海日本人聚居区">在上海</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Koreans_in_China" class="extiw" title="en:Koreans in China">韩国与朝鲜人</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%8A%E6%B5%B7%E9%9F%93%E5%83%91" title="上海韓僑">在上海</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%9C%A8%E5%8D%8E%E5%B0%BC%E6%B3%8A%E5%B0%94%E4%BA%BA" title="在华尼泊尔人">尼泊尔人</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%9C%A8%E4%B8%AD%E5%9B%BD%E7%9A%84%E5%B7%B4%E5%9F%BA%E6%96%AF%E5%9D%A6%E4%BA%BA" title="在中国的巴基斯坦人">巴基斯坦人</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">来自亚洲之外的国家</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E5%9C%A8%E4%B8%AD%E5%9C%8B%E7%9A%84%E9%9D%9E%E6%B4%B2%E8%A3%94" title="在中國的非洲裔">黑人</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E5%9C%A8%E5%BB%A3%E5%B7%9E%E7%9A%84%E9%9D%9E%E6%B4%B2%E4%BA%BA" title="在廣州的非洲人">在广州</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%9C%A8%E9%A6%99%E6%B8%AF%E7%9A%84%E9%BB%91%E4%BA%BA" title="在香港的黑人">在香港</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%9C%A8%E5%8D%8E%E7%BE%8E%E5%9B%BD%E4%BA%BA" title="在华美国人">美国人</a></li> <li><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Australians_in_China" class="extiw" title="en:Australians in China">澳大利亚人</a></li> <li><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Britons_in_China" class="extiw" title="en:Britons in China">英国人</a> <ul><li><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Britons_in_Hong_Kong" class="extiw" title="en:Britons in Hong Kong">在香港</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Canadians_in_China" class="extiw" title="en:Canadians in China">加拿大人</a></li> <li><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nigerians_in_China" class="extiw" title="en:Nigerians in China">尼日利亚人</a></li> <li><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Poles_in_China" class="extiw" title="en:Poles in China">波兰人</a></li> <li>葡萄牙人 <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E6%BE%B3%E9%96%80%E5%9C%9F%E7%94%9F%E8%91%A1%E4%BA%BA" title="澳門土生葡人">在澳门</a></li></ul></li> <li>俄罗斯人 <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E9%98%BF%E5%B0%94%E5%B7%B4%E6%B4%A5%E4%BA%BA" title="阿尔巴津人">阿尔巴津人</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%93%88%E5%B0%94%E6%BB%A8%E7%99%BD%E4%BF%84" title="哈尔滨白俄">在哈尔滨</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%8A%E6%B5%B7%E7%99%BD%E4%BF%84" title="上海白俄">在上海</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">其它</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Illegal_immigration_to_China" class="extiw" title="en:Illegal immigration to China">非法外来人口</a></li> <li><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Immigration_to_Hong_Kong" class="extiw" title="en:Immigration to Hong Kong">香港的外来人口</a></li> <li><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Immigration_to_Macau" class="extiw" title="en:Immigration to Macau">澳门的外来人口</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div><small>此处中国专指中华人民共和国实际统治区域，不包括中华民国实际统治区域，关于中华民国实际统治区域的外来人口，详见<a href="/wiki/%E5%8F%B0%E7%81%A3%E6%96%B0%E4%BD%8F%E6%B0%91" class="mw-redirect" title="台灣新住民">台湾新住民</a>。</small></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?useformat=desktop&type=1x1&usesul3=0" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">检索自“<a dir="ltr" href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=开封犹太人&oldid=85214751">https://zh.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=开封犹太人&oldid=85214751</a>”</div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface"><div id="mw-normal-catlinks" class="mw-normal-catlinks"><a href="/wiki/Special:%E9%A1%B5%E9%9D%A2%E5%88%86%E7%B1%BB" title="Special:页面分类">分类</a>：<ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:%E4%B8%AD%E5%9B%BD%E7%8A%B9%E5%A4%AA%E4%BA%BA" title="Category:中国犹太人">中国犹太人</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:%E6%B2%B3%E5%8D%97%E7%A4%BE%E4%BC%9A%E5%8F%B2" title="Category:河南社会史">河南社会史</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:%E6%B2%B3%E5%8D%97%E6%97%8F%E7%BE%A4" title="Category:河南族群">河南族群</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:%E5%BC%80%E5%B0%81%E5%8E%86%E5%8F%B2" title="Category:开封历史">开封历史</a></li></ul></div><div id="mw-hidden-catlinks" class="mw-hidden-catlinks mw-hidden-cats-hidden">隐藏分类：<ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Webarchive%E6%A8%A1%E6%9D%BFwayback%E9%93%BE%E6%8E%A5" title="Category:Webarchive模板wayback链接">Webarchive模板wayback链接</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:%E4%BD%BF%E7%94%A8ISBN%E9%AD%94%E6%9C%AF%E9%93%BE%E6%8E%A5%E7%9A%84%E9%A1%B5%E9%9D%A2" title="Category:使用ISBN魔术链接的页面">使用ISBN魔术链接的页面</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:%E4%BD%BF%E7%94%A8%E8%BF%87%E6%97%B6%E5%9B%BE%E5%83%8F%E8%AF%AD%E6%B3%95%E7%9A%84%E9%A1%B5%E9%9D%A2" 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