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Restall</title> <meta name="description" content="Search results for: Christopher Restall"> <meta name="keywords" content="Christopher Restall"> <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1, minimum-scale=1, maximum-scale=1, user-scalable=no"> <meta charset="utf-8"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/favicon.ico" type="image/x-icon" rel="shortcut icon"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/static/plugins/bootstrap-4.2.1/css/bootstrap.min.css" rel="stylesheet"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/static/plugins/fontawesome/css/all.min.css" rel="stylesheet"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/static/css/site.css?v=150220211555" rel="stylesheet"> </head> <body> <header> <div class="container"> <nav class="navbar navbar-expand-lg navbar-light"> <a class="navbar-brand" href="https://waset.org"> <img src="https://cdn.waset.org/static/images/wasetc.png" alt="Open Science Research Excellence" title="Open Science Research Excellence" /> </a> <button class="d-block d-lg-none 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action="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search"> <div id="custom-search-input"> <div class="input-group"> <i class="fas fa-search"></i> <input type="text" class="search-query" name="q" placeholder="Author, Title, Abstract, Keywords" value="Christopher Restall"> <input type="submit" class="btn_search" value="Search"> </div> </div> </form> </div> </div> <div class="row mt-3"> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Commenced</strong> in January 2007</div> </div> </div> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Frequency:</strong> Monthly</div> </div> </div> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Edition:</strong> International</div> </div> </div> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Paper Count:</strong> 201</div> </div> </div> </div> <h1 class="mt-3 mb-3 text-center" style="font-size:1.6rem;">Search results for: Christopher Restall</h1> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">201</span> Light-Entropy Continuum Theory</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Christopher%20Restall">Christopher Restall</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> ﬁeld causing attraction between mixed charges of matter during charge exchanges with antimatter. This asymmetry is caused from none-trinary quark amount variation in matter and anti-matter during entropy progression. This document explains how a circularity critique exercise assessed scientiﬁc knowledge and develop a uniﬁed theory from the information collected. The circularity critique, creates greater intuition leaps than an individual would naturally, the information collected can be integrated and assessed thoroughly for correctness. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=unified%20theory%20of%20everything" title="unified theory of everything">unified theory of everything</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=gravity" title=" gravity"> gravity</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=quantum%20gravity" title=" quantum gravity"> quantum gravity</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=standard%20model" title=" standard model"> standard model</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/188187/light-entropy-continuum-theory" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/188187.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">41</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">200</span> Spatial Practice Towards Urban Identity: The Shift, Limitation and Contemporary Value of Christopher</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Botao%20Zhao">Botao Zhao</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Hong%20Jiang"> Hong Jiang</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Christopher Alexander's urban design theory challenges the technical rationality of the empiricism that prevailsin the first half of the 20th century. Alexander emphasizes the wholeness of the city through progressive design, conceptual-based participation, shaping of centrality, and other principles. Based on Christopher Alexander’s comprehensive book “a new theory of urban design” and by combining with other major works, this paper puts Alexander into the history of the post-modern shift of architecture and urban planning in the middle and late 20th century and analyzes the uniqueness of Alexander’s systematization of spatial context. Despite the overemphasis on the initiative of design, Alexander's attempt to discover the “objectivity” of good space -the ability to generate people's urban identity-through an expanded concept of space, and a systematic approach to design restructures the visceral connection between urban space and human. The concept of urban identity is then decomposed into the identity of the physical setting, identity of process, and identity of meaning. Professionals need to learn from the reality and history of urban space to construct spatial“vocabulary libraries” and create the wholeness of the city, and in which process strengthen the subjectivity of the discipline simultaneously, to generate living structures in which urban identity could be ultimately cultivated. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=christopher%20alexander" title="christopher alexander">christopher alexander</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=a%20new%20theory%20of%20urban%20design" title=" a new theory of urban design"> a new theory of urban design</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Urban%20identity" title=" Urban identity"> Urban identity</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=pattern%20language" title=" pattern language"> pattern language</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=urban%20design" title=" urban design"> urban design</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/152655/spatial-practice-towards-urban-identity-the-shift-limitation-and-contemporary-value-of-christopher" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/152655.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">151</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">199</span> Splenic Artery Aneurysms: A Rare, Insidious Cause of Abdominal Pain</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Christopher%20Oyediran">Christopher Oyediran</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Nicola%20Ubayasiri"> Nicola Ubayasiri</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Christopher%20Gough"> Christopher Gough</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Splenic artery aneurysms are often clinically occult, occasionally identified incidentally with imaging. The pathogenesis of aneurysms is complex, but certain factors are thought to contribute to their development. Given the potential fatal complications of rupture, a high index of suspicion is required to make an early diagnosis. We present a case of a 36-year-old female with a history of endometriosis and multiple sclerosis who presented to the Emergency Department with sudden onset epigastric pain and collapse. On arrival, she was pale and clammy with profound tachycardia and hypotension. An ultrasound done in the resuscitation department revealed abdominal free fluid. She was resuscitated with blood and transferred for emergent laparotomy. Laparotomy revealed massive haemoperitoneum from the spleen. She underwent emergency splenectomy and inspection of the spleen revealed a splenic artery aneurysm. She received our massive transfusion protocol followed by a short stay on ITU, making a good post-operative recovery and was discharged home a week later. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=aneurysm" title="aneurysm">aneurysm</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=human%20chorionic%20gonadotrophin%20%28hCG%29" title=" human chorionic gonadotrophin (hCG)"> human chorionic gonadotrophin (hCG)</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=resuscitation" title=" resuscitation"> resuscitation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=laparotomy" title=" laparotomy"> laparotomy</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/18273/splenic-artery-aneurysms-a-rare-insidious-cause-of-abdominal-pain" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/18273.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">431</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">198</span> “Self” and “The Other” in Dunkirk (2017)</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ebtesam%20Dessouki">Ebtesam Dessouki</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Yasaman%20Mousavi"> Yasaman Mousavi</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Christopher Nolan’s Dunkirk (2017) is not a conventional war film. He invites the audience to see the war from within, from the characters’ experiences, through suspense and fear, with the help of talented sound designers and musicians such as Hans Zimmer for an extra dimension creating those feelings. This experience of being among the surviving soldiers makes room for an interpretation of this film using the concept of the Self and the Other. The Self is the soldiers and the audience who try to make sense of their reality given limited information about the enemy and their situation, and the Other is the faceless enemy. However, this film can be taken under an even more detailed analysis theorizing that the Other also exists on different occasions in the film. Overall, Nolan leaves a lot of cues for the audience to track the Other and sometimes breaks the rules for the Other. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=film" title="film">film</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Dunkirk" title=" Dunkirk"> Dunkirk</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=other" title=" other"> other</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=self" title=" self"> self</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/166703/self-and-the-other-in-dunkirk-2017" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/166703.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">72</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">197</span> Principles to Design Urbanism in Cinema; An Aesthetic Study on Identity and Representation of a City in a Movie</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Dorsa%20Moayedi">Dorsa Moayedi</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> ‘The Cities’ and Cinema have a history going as far back as silent films; however, the standards of picturing a city in a film are somewhat vague. ‘Genius Loci’ of a city can be easily described with parameters that architects have detected; nevertheless, the genius loci of an ‘urban movie’ is untouched. Cities have been among the provocative matters that pushed filmmakers to ponder upon them and to picture them along with their urban identity thoroughly in their artworks, though the impacts of the urban life on the plot and characters is neglected, and so a city in a movie is usually restricted to ‘the place where the story happens’. Cities and urban life are among those that are in constant change and ongoing expansion; therefore, they are always fresh and ready to challenge people with their existence. Thus, the relationship between the city and cinema is metamorphic, though it could be defined and explored. The dominant research on the idea of urbanism has been conducted by outstanding scholars of architecture, like Christian Norberg-Schulz, and the studies on Cinema have been done by theorists of cinema, like Christian Metz, who have mastered defining their own realm; still, the idea to mingle the domains to reach a unified theory which could be applied to ‘urban movies’ is barely worked on. In this research, we have sought mutual grounds to discuss ‘urbanism in cinema,’ the grounds that cinema could benefit from and get to a more accurate audio-visual representation of a city, in accordance with the ideas of Christopher Alexander and the term he coined ‘The Timeless Way of Building.’ We concentrate on movies that are dependent on urban life, mainly those that possess the names of cities, like ‘Nashville (1975), Manhattan (1979), Fargo (1996), Midnight in Paris (2011) or Roma (2018), according to the ideas of urban design and narratives of cinema. Contrary to what has often been assumed, cinema and architecture could be defined in line with similar parameters, and architectural terms could be applied to the research done on movies. Our findings indicate that the theories of Christopher Alexander can best fit the paradigm to study an ‘Urban Movie’, definitions of a timeless building, elaborate on the characteristics of a design that could be applied to definitions of an urban movie, and set a prototype for further filmmaking regarding the urban life. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=city" title="city">city</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=urbanism" title=" urbanism"> urbanism</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=urban%20movies" title=" urban movies"> urban movies</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=identity" title=" identity"> identity</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=representation" title=" representation"> representation</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/182855/principles-to-design-urbanism-in-cinema-an-aesthetic-study-on-identity-and-representation-of-a-city-in-a-movie" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/182855.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">66</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">196</span> Greywater Water Reuse in South Africa</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Onyeka%20Nkwonta">Onyeka Nkwonta</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Christopher%20Iheukwumere"> Christopher Iheukwumere</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> It is a waste to irrigate with great quantities of drinking water when plants thrive on used water containing small bits of compost. Unlike a lot of ecological stopgap measures, greywater reuse is a part of the fundamental solution to many ecological problems and will probably remain essentially unchanged in the distant future. Water is abused and wasted by both the wealthy and the poor. Education about water conservation is also needed. This study gives an outline of the sources of grey water in our home and provides a process of creating awareness on the importance of re-using grey water in our home, in order to achieve the 7th aim of the millennium development goals by 2015, which is ensuring environmental sustainability. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=tickling%20filter" title="tickling filter">tickling filter</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=education" title=" education"> education</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=grey%20water" title=" grey water"> grey water</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=environmental%20sustainability" title=" environmental sustainability"> environmental sustainability</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/62636/greywater-water-reuse-in-south-africa" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/62636.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">372</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">195</span> Beyond Possibilities: Re-Reading Republican Ankara</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Zelal%20%C3%87%C4%B1nar">Zelal Çınar</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> This paper aims to expose the effects of the ideological program of Turkish Republic on city planning, through the first plan of Ankara. As the new capital, Ankara was planned to be the ‘showcase’ of modern Turkey. It was to represent all new ideologies and the country’s cultural similarities with the west. At the same time it was to underline the national identity and independence of Turkish republic. To this end, a new plan for the capital was designed by German city planner Carl Christopher Lörcher. Diametrically opposed with the existing fabric of the city, this plan was built on the basis of papers and plans, on ideological aims. On the contrary, this paper argues that the city is a machine of possibilities, rather than a clear, materialized system. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=architecture" title="architecture">architecture</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=ideology" title=" ideology"> ideology</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=modernization" title=" modernization"> modernization</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=urban%20planning" title=" urban planning"> urban planning</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/7519/beyond-possibilities-re-reading-republican-ankara" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/7519.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">273</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">194</span> The Feasibility of Online, Interactive Workshops to Facilitate Anatomy Education during the UK COVID-19 Lockdowns</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Prabhvir%20Singh%20Marway">Prabhvir Singh Marway</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Kai%20Lok%20Chan"> Kai Lok Chan</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Maria-Ruxandra%20Jinga"> Maria-Ruxandra Jinga</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Rachel%20Bok%20Ying%20Lee"> Rachel Bok Ying Lee</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Matthew%20Bok%20Kit%20Lee"> Matthew Bok Kit Lee</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Krishan%20Nandapalan"> Krishan Nandapalan</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Sze%20Yi%20Beh"> Sze Yi Beh</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Harry%20Carr"> Harry Carr</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Christopher%20Kui"> Christopher Kui</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> We piloted a structured series of online workshops on the 3D segmentation of anatomical structures from CT scans. 33 participants were recruited from four UK universities for two-day workshops between 2020 and 2021. Open-source software (3D-Slicer) was used. We hypothesized that active participation via real-time screen-sharing and voice-communication via Discord would enable improved engagement and learning, despite national lockdowns. Written feedback indicated positive learning experiences, with subjective measures of anatomical understanding and software confidence improving. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=medical%20education" title="medical education">medical education</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=workshop" title=" workshop"> workshop</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=segmentation" title=" segmentation"> segmentation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=anatomy" title=" anatomy"> anatomy</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/142850/the-feasibility-of-online-interactive-workshops-to-facilitate-anatomy-education-during-the-uk-covid-19-lockdowns" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/142850.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">200</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">193</span> Full-Wave Analysis of Magnetic Meta-Surfaces for Microwave Component Applications </h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Christopher%20Hardly%20Joseph">Christopher Hardly Joseph</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Nicola%20Pelagalli"> Nicola Pelagalli</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Davide%20Mencarelli"> Davide Mencarelli</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Luca%20Pierantoni"> Luca Pierantoni</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> In this contribution, we report the electromagnetic response of a split ring resonator (SRR) based magnetic metamaterial unit cell in free space nature by means of a full-wave electromagnetic simulation. The effective parameters of these designed structures have been analyzed. The structures have been specifically designed to work at high frequency considering the development of many microwave and lower mm-wave devices. In addition to that, the application of the designed metamaterial structures is also proposed, namely metamaterial loaded planar transmission lines, potentially useful to optimize size and quality factor of circuit components and radiating elements. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=CPW" title="CPW">CPW</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Microwave%20Components" title=" Microwave Components"> Microwave Components</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Negative%20Permeability" title=" Negative Permeability"> Negative Permeability</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Split%20Ring%20Resonator%20%28SRR%29" title=" Split Ring Resonator (SRR)"> Split Ring Resonator (SRR)</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/122917/full-wave-analysis-of-magnetic-meta-surfaces-for-microwave-component-applications" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/122917.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">179</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">192</span> Effect of Sand Particle Distribution in Oil and Gas Pipeline Erosion</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Christopher%20Deekia%20Nwimae">Christopher Deekia Nwimae</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Nigel%20Simms"> Nigel Simms</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Liyun%20Lao"> Liyun Lao</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Erosion in pipe bends caused by particles is a major obstacle in the oil and gas fields and might cause the breakdown of production equipment. This work studied the effects imposed by flow velocity and impact of solid particles diameter in an elbow; erosion rate was verified with experimental data using the computational ﬂuid dynamics (CFD) approach. Two-way coupled Euler-Lagrange and discrete phase model was employed to calculate the air/solid particle ﬂow in an elbow. One erosion model and three-particle rebound models were used to predict the erosion rate on the 90° elbows. The generic erosion model was used in the CFD-based erosion model, and after comparing it with experimental data, results showed agreement with the CFD-based predictions as observed. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=erosion" title="erosion">erosion</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=prediction" title=" prediction"> prediction</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=elbow" title=" elbow"> elbow</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=computational%20fluid%20dynamics" title=" computational fluid dynamics"> computational fluid dynamics</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/147246/effect-of-sand-particle-distribution-in-oil-and-gas-pipeline-erosion" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/147246.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">157</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">191</span> Social Media Use and Exercise Behaviors</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Justin%20M.%20Swanson">Justin M. Swanson</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Anna%20Nelson"> Anna Nelson</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Daniel%20Handysides"> Daniel Handysides</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Patti%20Herring"> Patti Herring</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Christopher%20Hill"> Christopher Hill</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Not only may social media use have a psychological impact, but increased use may be tied to decreases in physical activity and influencing sedentary behaviors. Social media can be used to share physically active lifestyles and possibly influence others to participate. In contrast, social media use may have adverse effects by decreasing participation in exercise. This study used a qualitative design to examine the relationship between social media use and exercise patterns. Participants were asked questions about their social media habits and how it might impact their physical activity behaviors. Self-reported exercise seemed to increase after viewing others engage in relatable activities or viewing someone that has overcame challenges. To increase the likelihood of engaging in exercise, exercise related posts should be low in difficulty, require few materials, or displayed progress from the individual posting. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=social%20media" title="social media">social media</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=exercise" title=" exercise"> exercise</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=physical%20activity" title=" physical activity"> physical activity</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=adults" title=" adults"> adults</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/142278/social-media-use-and-exercise-behaviors" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/142278.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">265</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">190</span> Feasibility Study of Distributed Lightless Intersection Control with Level 1 Autonomous Vehicles</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Bo%20Yang">Bo Yang</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Christopher%20Monterola"> Christopher Monterola</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Urban intersection control without the use of the traffic light has the potential to vastly improve the efficiency of the urban traffic flow. For most proposals in the literature, such lightless intersection control depends on the mass market commercialization of highly intelligent autonomous vehicles (AV), which limits the prospects of near future implementation. We present an efficient lightless intersection traffic control scheme that only requires Level 1 AV as defined by NHTSA. The technological barriers of such lightless intersection control are thus very low. Our algorithm can also accommodate a mixture of AVs and conventional vehicles. We also carry out large scale numerical analysis to illustrate the feasibility, safety and robustness, comfort level, and control efficiency of our intersection control scheme. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=intersection%20control" title="intersection control">intersection control</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=autonomous%20vehicles" title=" autonomous vehicles"> autonomous vehicles</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=traffic%20modelling" title=" traffic modelling"> traffic modelling</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=intelligent%20transport%20system" title=" intelligent transport system"> intelligent transport system</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/52464/feasibility-study-of-distributed-lightless-intersection-control-with-level-1-autonomous-vehicles" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/52464.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">457</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">189</span> Distributed Cyber Physical Secure Framework for DC Microgrids: DC Ship Power System Applications</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Grace%20karimi%20Muriithi">Grace karimi Muriithi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Behnaz%20Papari"> Behnaz Papari</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ali%20Arsalan"> Ali Arsalan</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Christopher%20Shannon%20Edrington"> Christopher Shannon Edrington</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Complexity and nonlinearity of the control system design is increasing for DC microgrid applications when the cyber concept associated with the technology constraints will added to the picture. Controllers’ functionality during the critical operation mode is required to guaranteed specifically for a high profile applications such as NAVY DC ship power system (SPS) as an small-scaled DC microgrid. Thus, SPS is susceptible to cyber-attacks and, accordingly, can provide the disastrous effects. In this study, a machine learning (ML) approach is demonstrated to offer the promising performance of SPS for developing an effective and robust functionality over attacks time. Simulation results analysis demonstrate that the proposed method can improve the controllability successfully. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=controlability" title="controlability">controlability</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=cyber%20attacks" title=" cyber attacks"> cyber attacks</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=distribute%20control" title=" distribute control"> distribute control</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=machine%20learning" title=" machine learning"> machine learning</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/157878/distributed-cyber-physical-secure-framework-for-dc-microgrids-dc-ship-power-system-applications" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/157878.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">114</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">188</span> Modeling and Control of a 4DoF Robotic Assistive Device for Hand Rehabilitation</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Christopher%20Spiewak">Christopher Spiewak</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=M.%20R.%20Islam"> M. R. Islam</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mohammad%20Arifur%20Rahaman"> Mohammad Arifur Rahaman</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mohammad%20H.%20Rahman"> Mohammad H. Rahman</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Roger%20Smith"> Roger Smith</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Maarouf%20Saad"> Maarouf Saad</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> For those who have lost the ability to move their hand, going through repetitious motions with the assistance of a therapist is the main method of recovery. We have been developed a robotic assistive device to rehabilitate the hand motions in place of the traditional therapy. The developed assistive device (RAD-HR) is comprised of four degrees of freedom enabling basic movements, hand function, and assists in supporting the hand during rehabilitation. We used a nonlinear computed torque control technique to control the RAD-HR. The accuracy of the controller was evaluated in simulations (MATLAB/Simulink environment). To see the robustness of the controller external disturbance as modelling uncertainty (±10% of joint torques) were added in each joints. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=biorobotics" title="biorobotics">biorobotics</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=rehabilitation" title=" rehabilitation"> rehabilitation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=robotic%20assistive%20device" title=" robotic assistive device"> robotic assistive device</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=exoskeleton" title=" exoskeleton"> exoskeleton</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=nonlinear%20control" title=" nonlinear control"> nonlinear control</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/50770/modeling-and-control-of-a-4dof-robotic-assistive-device-for-hand-rehabilitation" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/50770.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">479</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">187</span> Strategic Workplace Security: The Role of Malware and the Threat of Internal Vulnerability</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Modesta%20E.%20Ezema">Modesta E. Ezema</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Christopher%20C.%20Ezema"> Christopher C. Ezema</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Christian%20C.%20Ugwu"> Christian C. Ugwu</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Udoka%20F.%20Eze"> Udoka F. Eze</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Florence%20M.%20Babalola"> Florence M. Babalola</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Some employees knowingly or unknowingly contribute to loss of data and also expose data to threat in the process of getting their jobs done. Many organizations today are faced with the challenges of how to secure their data as cyber criminals constantly devise new ways of attacking the organization’s secret data. However, this paper enlists the latest strategies that must be put in place in order to protect these important data from being attacked in a collaborative work place. It also introduces us to Advanced Persistent Threats (APTs) and how it works. The empirical study was conducted to collect data from the employee in data centers on how data could be protected from malicious codes and cyber criminals and their responses are highly considered to help checkmate the activities of malicious code and cyber criminals in our work places. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=data" title="data">data</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=employee" title=" employee"> employee</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=malware" title=" malware"> malware</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=work%20place" title=" work place"> work place</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/61588/strategic-workplace-security-the-role-of-malware-and-the-threat-of-internal-vulnerability" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/61588.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">383</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">186</span> An Adjusted Network Information Criterion for Model Selection in Statistical Neural Network Models</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Christopher%20Godwin%20Udomboso">Christopher Godwin Udomboso</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Angela%20Unna%20Chukwu"> Angela Unna Chukwu</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Isaac%20Kwame%20Dontwi"> Isaac Kwame Dontwi</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> In selecting a Statistical Neural Network model, the Network Information Criterion (NIC) has been observed to be sample biased, because it does not account for sample sizes. The selection of a model from a set of fitted candidate models requires objective data-driven criteria. In this paper, we derived and investigated the Adjusted Network Information Criterion (ANIC), based on Kullback’s symmetric divergence, which has been designed to be an asymptotically unbiased estimator of the expected Kullback-Leibler information of a fitted model. The analyses show that on a general note, the ANIC improves model selection in more sample sizes than does the NIC. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=statistical%20neural%20network" title="statistical neural network">statistical neural network</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=network%20information%20criterion" title=" network information criterion"> network information criterion</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=adjusted%20network" title=" adjusted network"> adjusted network</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=information%20criterion" title=" information criterion"> information criterion</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=transfer%20function" title=" transfer function"> transfer function</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/28771/an-adjusted-network-information-criterion-for-model-selection-in-statistical-neural-network-models" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/28771.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">566</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">185</span> General and Sport Specific Fitness Testing Practices: Global Developments</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Peter%20Smolianov">Peter Smolianov</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Jed%20Smith"> Jed Smith</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Lisa%20Chen"> Lisa Chen</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Steven%20Dion"> Steven Dion</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Christopher%20Schoen"> Christopher Schoen</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Jaclyn%20Norberg"> Jaclyn Norberg</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> This study compared general conditioning and sport specific fitness tests used in China, European Union (EU), Russia, and the United States. A constant content comparison method was used to identify the differences. Data from the study indicated that there were shared test components, including aerobic fitness, muscular strength, endurance, and flexibility. However, the testing components and items, as well as the cut-off values of the analyzed tests varied by country for the same gender and age. Culturally unique methods of testing and preparing for the tests were identified. Additionally, evidence revealed support for lifelong fitness and long-term sport participation through comprehensive fitness and wellness guidelines for different age groups and through new internet-based technologies. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=fitness%20testing" title="fitness testing">fitness testing</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=global%20trends" title=" global trends"> global trends</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=new%20developments" title=" new developments"> new developments</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=worldwide%20comparison" title=" worldwide comparison"> worldwide comparison</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/101800/general-and-sport-specific-fitness-testing-practices-global-developments" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/101800.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">158</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">184</span> Compromised Sexual Territoriality under Reflexive Cosmopolitanism: From Coffee Bean to Gay Bean in South Korea</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Robert%20Christopher%20Hamilton">Robert Christopher Hamilton</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> This research examined the effects of reflexive cosmopolitanism on the competition for sexual territoriality. By adopting Michel De Certeau’s (1984) spatial didactic model, the article maps out the key elements at play and the dynamics explaining how gays gay place in the backdrop of rapid modernization. It found that heterosexual space and heteronormative assumptions helped to create temporal and spatial opportunities that allow for sexual performativity of gay males. Moreover, using data collected from multiple semi-controlled one-on-one interviews over 13 months, this article illustrates how spatial competition culminates in non-zero sum game outcomes and particularly to compromise of sexual territoriality while further demonstrating the need to understand the sexual coping tactics used in cultures with similar backgrounds. The findings enable researchers to better understand how gay men gay space, and how space performatively embodies gay men. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=South%20Korea" title="South Korea">South Korea</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=coffee%20bean" title=" coffee bean"> coffee bean</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=sexual%20territoriality" title=" sexual territoriality"> sexual territoriality</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=reflexive%20cosmopolitanism" title=" reflexive cosmopolitanism"> reflexive cosmopolitanism</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/50652/compromised-sexual-territoriality-under-reflexive-cosmopolitanism-from-coffee-bean-to-gay-bean-in-south-korea" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/50652.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">327</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">183</span> Analysis of Stress and Strain in Head Based Control of Cooperative Robots through Tetraplegics</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Jochen%20Nelles">Jochen Nelles</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Susanne%20Kohns"> Susanne Kohns</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Julia%20Spies"> Julia Spies</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Friederike%20Schmitz-Buhl"> Friederike Schmitz-Buhl</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Roland%20Thietje"> Roland Thietje</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Christopher%20Brandl"> Christopher Brandl</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Alexander%20Mertens"> Alexander Mertens</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Christopher%20M.%20Schlick"> Christopher M. Schlick</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Industrial robots as part of highly automated manufacturing are recently developed to cooperative (light-weight) robots. This offers the opportunity of using them as assistance robots and to improve the participation in professional life of disabled or handicapped people such as tetraplegics. Robots under development are located within a cooperation area together with the working person at the same workplace. This cooperation area is an area where the robot and the working person can perform tasks at the same time. Thus, working people and robots are operating in the immediate proximity. Considering the physical restrictions and the limited mobility of tetraplegics, a hands-free robot control could be an appropriate approach for a cooperative assistance robot. To meet these requirements, the research project MeRoSy (human-robot synergy) develops methods for cooperative assistance robots based on the measurement of head movements of the working person. One research objective is to improve the participation in professional life of people with disabilities and, in particular, mobility impaired persons (e.g. wheelchair users or tetraplegics), whose participation in a self-determined working life is denied. This raises the research question, how a human-robot cooperation workplace can be designed for hands-free robot control. Here, the example of a library scenario is demonstrated. In this paper, an empirical study that focuses on the impact of head movement related stress is presented. 12 test subjects with tetraplegia participated in the study. Tetraplegia also known as quadriplegia is the worst type of spinal cord injury. In the experiment, three various basic head movements were examined. Data of the head posture were collected by a motion capture system; muscle activity was measured via surface electromyography and the subjective mental stress was assessed via a mental effort questionnaire. The muscle activity was measured for the sternocleidomastoid (SCM), the upper trapezius (UT) or trapezius pars descendens, and the splenius capitis (SPL) muscle. For this purpose, six non-invasive surface electromyography sensors were mounted on the head and neck area. An analysis of variance shows differentiated muscular strains depending on the type of head movement. Systematically investigating the influence of different basic head movements on the resulting strain is an important issue to relate the research results to other scenarios. At the end of this paper, a conclusion will be drawn and an outlook of future work will be presented. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=assistance%20robot" title="assistance robot">assistance robot</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=human-robot%20interaction" title=" human-robot interaction"> human-robot interaction</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=motion%20capture" title=" motion capture"> motion capture</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=stress-strain-concept" title=" stress-strain-concept"> stress-strain-concept</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=surface%20electromyography" title=" surface electromyography"> surface electromyography</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=tetraplegia" title=" tetraplegia"> tetraplegia</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/58464/analysis-of-stress-and-strain-in-head-based-control-of-cooperative-robots-through-tetraplegics" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/58464.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">315</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">182</span> Potentials and Influencing Factors of Dynamic Pricing in Business: Empirical Insights of European Experts</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Christopher%20Reichstein">Christopher Reichstein</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ralf-Christian%20H%C3%A4rting"> Ralf-Christian Härting</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Martina%20H%C3%A4u%C3%9Fler"> Martina Häußler</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> With a continuously increasing speed of information exchange on the World Wide Web, retailers in the E-Commerce sector are faced with immense possibilities regarding different online purchase processes like dynamic price settings. By use of Dynamic Pricing, retailers are able to set short time price changes in order to optimize producer surplus. The empirical research illustrates the basics of Dynamic Pricing and identifies six influencing factors of Dynamic Pricing. The results of a structural equation modeling approach show five main drivers increasing the potential of dynamic price settings in the E-Commerce. Influencing factors are the knowledge of customers’ individual willingness to pay, rising sales, the possibility of customization, the data volume and the information about competitors’ pricing strategy. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=e-commerce" title="e-commerce">e-commerce</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=empirical%20research" title=" empirical research"> empirical research</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=experts" title=" experts"> experts</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=dynamic%20pricing%20%28DP%29" title=" dynamic pricing (DP)"> dynamic pricing (DP)</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=influencing%20factors" title=" influencing factors"> influencing factors</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=potentials" title=" potentials"> potentials</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/72524/potentials-and-influencing-factors-of-dynamic-pricing-in-business-empirical-insights-of-european-experts" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/72524.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">262</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">181</span> Development of a Nurse Led Tranexamic Acid Administration Protocol for Trauma Patients in Rural South Africa</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Christopher%20Wearmouth">Christopher Wearmouth</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Jacob%20Smith"> Jacob Smith</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Administration of tranexamic acid (TXA) reduces all-cause mortality in trauma patients when given within 3 hours of injury. Due to geographical distance and lack of emergency medical services patients often present late, following trauma, to our emergency department. Additionally, we found patients that may have benefited from TXA did not receive it, often due to lack of staff awareness, staff shortages out of hours and lack of equipment for delivering infusions. Our objective was to develop a protocol for nurse-led administration of TXA in the emergency department. We developed a protocol using physiological observations along with criteria from the South African Triage Scale to allow nursing staff to identify patients with, or at risk of, significant haemorrhage. We will monitor the use of the protocol to ensure appropriate compliance and for any adverse events reported. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=emergency%20department" title="emergency department">emergency department</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=emergency%20nursing" title=" emergency nursing"> emergency nursing</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=rural%20healthcare" title=" rural healthcare"> rural healthcare</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=tranexamic%20acid" title=" tranexamic acid"> tranexamic acid</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=trauma" title=" trauma"> trauma</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=triage" title=" triage"> triage</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/75645/development-of-a-nurse-led-tranexamic-acid-administration-protocol-for-trauma-patients-in-rural-south-africa" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/75645.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">230</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">180</span> Solar Technology: A Review of Government-Sponsored Green Energy</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Christopher%20Battle">Christopher Battle</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The pursuit of a sustainable future is dependent on the ability of governments from the national to municipal level. The politics of energy and the development of state-sponsored photovoltaic cell expansion can nebulize in several ways based on a state or nation's physical and human geography. This study conducts a comparative analysis of the energy and solar program of Turkey, Pennsylvania, and Philadelphia. The study aims to assess the city of Philadelphia's solar policies in contrast with both its political history and the photovoltaic programs of Turkey, a world leader in solar system development, and Pennsylvania's history of energy regulation. This comparative study found that after hundreds of bills and regulations over decades, sustainable energy development in affordable housing and new construction is the next phase of State-Sponsored Green energy for the city of Philadelphia. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Turkey" title="Turkey">Turkey</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=solar%20power" title=" solar power"> solar power</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Philadelphia" title=" Philadelphia"> Philadelphia</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=affordable%20energy%20development" title=" affordable energy development"> affordable energy development</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/151125/solar-technology-a-review-of-government-sponsored-green-energy" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/151125.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">94</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">179</span> Jet-Stream Airsail: Study of the Shape and the Behavior of the Connecting Cable</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Christopher%20Frank">Christopher Frank</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Yoshiki%20Miyairi"> Yoshiki Miyairi</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> A jet-stream airsail concept takes advantage of aerology in order to fly without propulsion. Weather phenomena, especially jet streams, are relatively permanent high winds blowing from west to east, located at average altitudes and latitudes in both hemispheres. To continuously extract energy from the jet-stream, the system is composed of a propelled plane and a wind turbine interconnected by a cable. This work presents the aerodynamic characteristics and the behavior of the cable that links the two subsystems and transmits energy from the turbine to the aircraft. Two ways of solving this problem are explored: numerically and analytically. After obtaining the optimal shape of the cross-section of the cable, its behavior is analyzed as a 2D problem solved numerically and analytically. Finally, a 3D extension could be considered by adding lateral forces. The results of this work can be further used in the design process of the overall system: aircraft-turbine. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=jet-stream" title="jet-stream">jet-stream</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=cable" title=" cable"> cable</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=tether" title=" tether"> tether</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=aerodynamics" title=" aerodynamics"> aerodynamics</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=aircraft" title=" aircraft"> aircraft</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=airsail" title=" airsail"> airsail</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=wind" title=" wind"> wind</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/11611/jet-stream-airsail-study-of-the-shape-and-the-behavior-of-the-connecting-cable" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/11611.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">370</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">178</span> Correlation between Consumer Knowledge of the Circular Economy and Consumer Behavior towards Its Application: A Canadian Exploratory Study</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Christopher%20E.%20A.%20Ramsey">Christopher E. A. Ramsey</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Halia%20Valladares%20Montemayor"> Halia Valladares Montemayor</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> This study examined whether the dissemination of information about the circular economy (CE) has any bearing on the likelihood of the implementation of its concepts on an individual basis. Specifically, the goal of this research study was to investigate the impact of consumer knowledge about the circular economy on their behavior in applying such concepts. Given that our current linear supply chains are unsustainable, it is of great importance that we understand what mechanisms are most effective in encouraging consumers to embrace CE. The theoretical framework employed was the theory of planned behavior (TPB). TPB, with its analysis of how attitude, subjective norms, and perceived behavioral control affect intention, provided an adequate model for testing the effects of increased information about the CE on the implementation of its recommendations. The empirical research consisted of a survey distributed among university students, faculty, and staff at a Canadian University in British Columbia. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=circular%20economy" title="circular economy">circular economy</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=consumer%20behavior" title=" consumer behavior"> consumer behavior</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=sustainability" title=" sustainability"> sustainability</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=theory%20of%20planned%20behavior" title=" theory of planned behavior"> theory of planned behavior</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/156094/correlation-between-consumer-knowledge-of-the-circular-economy-and-consumer-behavior-towards-its-application-a-canadian-exploratory-study" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/156094.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">124</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">177</span> Mesalazine-Induced Myopericarditis in a Professional Athlete</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Tristan%20R.%20Fraser">Tristan R. Fraser</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Christopher%20D.%20Steadman"> Christopher D. Steadman</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Christopher%20J.%20Boos"> Christopher J. Boos</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Myopericarditis is an inflammation syndrome characterised by clinical diagnostic criteria for pericarditis, such as chest pain, combined with evidence of myocardial involvement, such as elevation of biomarkers of myocardial damage, e.g., troponins. It can rarely be a complication of therapeutics used for dysregulated immune-mediated diseases such as inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), for example, mesalazine. The infrequency of mesalazine-induced myopericarditis adds to the challenge in its recognition. Rapid diagnosis and the early introduction of treatment are crucial. This case report follows a 24-year-old professional footballer with a past medical history of ulcerative colitis, recently started on mesalazine for disease control. Three weeks after mesalazine was initiated, he was admitted with fever, shortness of breath, and chest pain worse whilst supine and on deep inspiration, as well as elevated venous blood cardiac troponin T level (cTnT, 288ng/L; normal: <13ng/L). Myocarditis was confirmed on initial inpatient cardiac MRI, revealing the presence of florid myocarditis with preserved left ventricular systolic function and an ejection fraction of 67%. This was a longitudinal case study following the progress of a single individual with myopericarditis over four acute hospital admissions over nine weeks, with admissions ranging from two to five days. Parameters examined included clinical signs and symptoms, serum troponin, transthoracic echocardiogram, and cardiac MRI. Serial measurements of cardiac function, including cardiac MRI and transthoracic echocardiogram, showed progressive deterioration of cardiac function whilst mesalazine was continued. Prior to cessation of mesalazine, transthoracic echocardiography revealed a small global pericardial effusion of < 1cm and worsening left ventricular systolic function with an ejection fraction of 45%. After recognition of mesalazine as a potential cause and consequent cessation of the drug, symptoms resolved, with cardiac MRI performed as an outpatient showing resolution of myocardial oedema. The patient plans to make a return to competitive sport. Patients suffering from myopericarditis are advised to refrain from competitive sport for at least six months in order to reduce the risk of cardiac remodelling and sudden cardiac death. Additional considerations must be taken in individuals for whom competitive sport is an essential component of their livelihood, such as professional athletes. Myopericarditis is an uncommon, however potentially serious medical condition with a wide variety of aetiologies, including viral, autoimmune, and drug-related causes. Management is mainly supportive and relies on prompt recognition and removal of the aetiological process. Mesalazine-induced myopericarditis is a rare condition; as such increasing awareness of mesalazine as a precipitant of myopericarditis is vital for optimising the management of these patients. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=myopericarditis" title="myopericarditis">myopericarditis</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=mesalazine" title=" mesalazine"> mesalazine</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=inflammatory%20bowel%20disease" title=" inflammatory bowel disease"> inflammatory bowel disease</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=professional%20athlete" title=" professional athlete"> professional athlete</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/142406/mesalazine-induced-myopericarditis-in-a-professional-athlete" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/142406.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">135</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">176</span> Analysis of the Contribution of Drude and Brendel Model Terms to the Dielectric Function</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Christopher%20Mkirema%20Maghanga">Christopher Mkirema Maghanga</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Maurice%20Mghendi%20Mwamburi"> Maurice Mghendi Mwamburi</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Parametric modeling provides a means to deeper understand the properties of materials. Drude, Brendel, Lorentz and OJL incorporated in SCOUT® software are some of the models used to study dielectric films. In our work, we utilized Brendel and Drude models to extract the optical constants from spectroscopic data of fabricated undoped and niobium doped titanium oxide thin films. The individual contributions by the two models were studied to establish how they influence the dielectric function. The effect of dopants on their influences was also analyzed. For the undoped films, results indicate minimal contribution from the Drude term due to the dielectric nature of the films. However as doping levels increase, the rise in the concentration of free electrons favors the use of Drude model. Brendel model was confirmed to work well with dielectric films - the undoped titanium Oxide films in our case. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=modeling" title="modeling">modeling</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Brendel%20model" title=" Brendel model"> Brendel model</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=optical%20constants" title=" optical constants"> optical constants</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=titanium%20oxide" title=" titanium oxide"> titanium oxide</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Drude%20Model" title=" Drude Model"> Drude Model</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/74460/analysis-of-the-contribution-of-drude-and-brendel-model-terms-to-the-dielectric-function" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/74460.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">183</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">175</span> Incorporating Information Gain in Regular Expressions Based Classifiers</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Rosa%20L.%20Figueroa">Rosa L. Figueroa</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Christopher%20A.%20Flores"> Christopher A. Flores</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Qing%20Zeng-Treitler"> Qing Zeng-Treitler</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> A regular expression consists of sequence characters which allow describing a text path. Usually, in clinical research, regular expressions are manually created by programmers together with domain experts. Lately, there have been several efforts to investigate how to generate them automatically. This article presents a text classification algorithm based on regexes. The algorithm named REX was designed, and then, implemented as a simplified method to create regexes to classify Spanish text automatically. In order to classify ambiguous cases, such as, when multiple labels are assigned to a testing example, REX includes an information gain method Two sets of data were used to evaluate the algorithm’s effectiveness in clinical text classification tasks. The results indicate that the regular expression based classifier proposed in this work performs statically better regarding accuracy and F-measure than Support Vector Machine and Naïve Bayes for both datasets. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=information%20gain" title="information gain">information gain</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=regular%20expressions" title=" regular expressions"> regular expressions</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=smith-waterman%20algorithm" title=" smith-waterman algorithm"> smith-waterman algorithm</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=text%20classification" title=" text classification"> text classification</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/71695/incorporating-information-gain-in-regular-expressions-based-classifiers" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/71695.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">320</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">174</span> A Curricular Approach to Organizational Mentoring Programs: The Integrated Mentoring Curriculum Model</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Christopher%20Webb">Christopher Webb</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> This work presents a new model of mentoring in an organizational environment and has important implications for both practice and research, the model frames the organizational environment as organizational curriculum, which includes the elements that affect learning within the organization. This includes the organizational structure and culture, roles within the organization, and accessibility of knowledge. The program curriculum includes the elements of the mentoring program, including materials, training, and scheduled events for the program participants. The term dyadic curriculum is coined in this work. The dyadic curriculum describes the participation, behavior, and identities of the pairs participating in mentorships. This also includes the identity work of the participants and their views of each other. Much of this curriculum is unprescribed and is unique within each dyad. It describes how participants mediate the elements of organizational and program curricula. These three curricula interact and affect each other in predictable ways. A detailed example of a mentoring program framed in this model is provided. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=curriculum" title="curriculum">curriculum</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=mentoring" title=" mentoring"> mentoring</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=organizational%20learning%20and%20development" title=" organizational learning and development"> organizational learning and development</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=social%20learning" title=" social learning"> social learning</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/138124/a-curricular-approach-to-organizational-mentoring-programs-the-integrated-mentoring-curriculum-model" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/138124.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">202</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">173</span> A Quantitative Study of Blackboard Utilisation at a University of Technology in South Africa</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Lawrence%20Meda">Lawrence Meda</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Christopher%20Dumas"> Christopher Dumas</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Moses%20Moyo"> Moses Moyo</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Zayd%20Waghid"> Zayd Waghid</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> As a result of some schools embracing technology to enhance students’ learning experiences in the digital era, the Faculty of Education at a University of Technology in South Africa has mandated lecturers to scale up their utilisation of technology in their teaching. Lecturers have been challenged to utilise the institution’s Learning Management System - Blackboard among other technologies - to adequately prepare trainee teachers to be able to teach competently in schools. The purpose of this study is to investigate the extent to which lecturers are utilising Blackboard to enhance their teaching. The study will be conducted using a quantitative approach, and its paradigmatic position will be positivist. The study will be done as a case study of the university’s Faculty of Education. Data will be extracted from all 100 lecturers’ Blackboard sites according to their respective modules, and it will be analysed using the four pillars of Blackboard as a conceptual framework. It is presumed that there is an imbalance on the lecturers’ utilisation of the four pillars of Blackboard as the majority use it as a content dumping site. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=blackboard" title="blackboard">blackboard</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=digital" title=" digital"> digital</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=education" title=" education"> education</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=technology" title=" technology"> technology</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/100397/a-quantitative-study-of-blackboard-utilisation-at-a-university-of-technology-in-south-africa" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/100397.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">140</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">172</span> The Determination of Sodium/Potassium Ion Ratio in Selected Edible Leafy Vegetables in North-Eastern Nigeria</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Raymond%20D.%20Uzoh">Raymond D. Uzoh</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Philip%20K.%20Shallsuku"> Philip K. Shallsuku</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Christopher%20S.%20Vaachia"> Christopher S. Vaachia</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Selected edible leafy vegetables from North-eastern Nigeria were analysed for their sodium and potassium content in mg/100 g and the ratio Na+/K+ worked out. From experimental results, Venonia amydalina (bitter leaf) contained 150 mg (0.15 g) of sodium and 20500 mg (20.5 g) potassium with a ratio of 0.007, Brassica oleracea var capitata (cabbage) contained 300 mg (0.3 g) of sodium and 19000 mg (19 g) of potassium with a ration of 0.012. Others are Telfairia occidentalis (fluted pumpkin) with 400 mg (0.45 g) of sodium and 19500 mg (19.5 g) of potassium with a ratio of 0.020; Hibiscus sabdriffa (sorrel) has 200 mg (0.2 g) of sodium and 600 mg (0.6 g) of potassium with a ratio of 0.300; and Amarantus caudatus (spinach) contained 450 mg (0.45 g) of sodium and 23000 mg (23 g) of potassium with a ratio of 0.020. The presence of sodium and potassium in foods has become increasingly important as recent studies and dietary information gathered in this research has shown that sodium intake is not the sole consideration in elevated blood pressure but its considered as a ratio Na+/K+ fixed at 0.6. This ratio has been found to be a more important factor, suggesting that our diet should contain 67 % more potassium than sodium. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=vegetables" title="vegetables">vegetables</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=sodium" title=" sodium"> sodium</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=potassium" title=" potassium"> potassium</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=blood%20pressure" title=" blood pressure"> blood pressure</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=diet" title=" diet"> diet</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=foods" title=" foods "> foods </a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/11091/the-determination-of-sodiumpotassium-ion-ratio-in-selected-edible-leafy-vegetables-in-north-eastern-nigeria" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/11091.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">478</span> </span> </div> </div> <ul class="pagination"> <li class="page-item disabled"><span class="page-link">&lsaquo;</span></li> <li class="page-item active"><span class="page-link">1</span></li> <li class="page-item"><a class="page-link" href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Christopher%20Restall&page=2">2</a></li> <li class="page-item"><a class="page-link" href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Christopher%20Restall&page=3">3</a></li> <li class="page-item"><a class="page-link" href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Christopher%20Restall&page=4">4</a></li> <li class="page-item"><a class="page-link" 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