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href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q7076694" title="Collegamento all'elemento connesso dell'archivio dati [g]" accesskey="g"><span>Elemento Wikidata</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-column-end"> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Strumenti pagine"> <div id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="Aspetto"> <div id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-appearance" class="vector-appearance vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-appearance-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="appearance-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-appearance" data-pinned-container-id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Aspetto</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.pin">sposta nella barra laterale</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.unpin">nascondi</button> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div id="bodyContent" class="vector-body" aria-labelledby="firstHeading" data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">Da Wikipedia, l'enciclopedia libera.</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="it" dir="ltr"><p>In astronomia <b>octaeteride</b> (dal greco antico okta=otto ed etos=anno) indica un periodo di otto anni solari; periodo durante il quale si verificano esattamente 99 lunazioni (con un errore di circa un giorno e mezzo), cioè 8 <a href="/wiki/Anno_lunare" title="Anno lunare">anni lunari</a>, di cui 3 embolismici. Questo <a href="/wiki/Fasi_lunari" title="Fasi lunari">ciclo lunare</a> fu usato nei <a href="/wiki/Calendario_lunisolare" title="Calendario lunisolare">calendari lunisolari</a> prima dell'introduzione del <a href="/wiki/Ciclo_metonico" title="Ciclo metonico">ciclo metonico</a>, che è molto più accurato. Secondo <a href="/wiki/Censorino" title="Censorino">Censorino</a> la octaeteride sarebbe stata scoperta dall'astronomo greco <a href="/wiki/Cleostrato_di_Tenedo" title="Cleostrato di Tenedo">Cleostrato di Tenedo</a>, per il quale una octaeteride durava esattamente 2923,5 giorni. </p><p>Si osservi che anche <a href="/wiki/Venere_(astronomia)" title="Venere (astronomia)">Venere</a> segue un ciclo ottennale, perciò al termine di una octaeteride non solo le fasi lunari si verificano quasi nello stesso giorno del calendario solare, ma anche il pianeta Venere si trova approssimativamente nella stessa posizione. Perciò anche le congiunzioni della Luna con Venere seguono approssimativamente un periodo ottennale. </p> <table class="wikitable"> <caption>Confronto di diversi periodi astronomici con la durata di una octaeteride </caption> <tbody><tr> <td>Periodo astronomico </td> <td>Numero in una octateride </td> <td>Durata totale (giorni) </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Anno_tropico" title="Anno tropico">Anno tropico</a> </td> <td>8 </td> <td>2921.93754 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Anno_siderale" title="Anno siderale">Anno siderale</a> </td> <td>8 </td> <td>2922,0512 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Mese_sinodico" title="Mese sinodico">Mese lunare sinodico</a> </td> <td>99 </td> <td>2923.528230 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Mese_siderale" title="Mese siderale">Mese siderale</a> lunare </td> <td>107 </td> <td>2923.417787 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Periodo_sinodico" class="mw-redirect" title="Periodo sinodico">Periodo sinodico</a> di <a href="/wiki/Venere_(astronomia)" title="Venere (astronomia)">Venere</a> </td> <td>5 </td> <td>2919.6 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Periodo_siderale" class="mw-redirect" title="Periodo siderale">Periodo siderale</a> di Venere </td> <td>13 </td> <td>2921.07595 </td></tr></tbody></table> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Diffusione_e_sviluppi">Diffusione e sviluppi</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Octaeteride&veaction=edit&section=1" title="Modifica la sezione Diffusione e sviluppi" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modifica</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Octaeteride&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section's source code: Diffusione e sviluppi"><span>modifica wikitesto</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Cicli ottennali simili all'octaeteride ebbero largo utilizzo anche al di fuori del Mediterraneo. In Egitto, invece, il ciclo lunare venne raccordato non con gli anni solari tropici, ma con l'anno "civile" di 365 giorni utilizzando un ciclo di 25 anni solari e 309 mesi lunari, descritto nel <a href="/wiki/Papiro_Carlsberg" title="Papiro Carlsberg">papiro Carlsberg</a> 9 (ca. 144 d.C.). Infatti 309 mesi lunari sono 9124,95 giorni, cioè quasi esattamente 25 anni "civili" egiziani: 25x365=9125. Nel ciclo lunare vi erano 16 anni ordinari e 9 embolismici, gli anni 1,3,6.9.12,14,17, 20, 23 del ciclo.<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Note">Note</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Octaeteride&veaction=edit&section=2" title="Modifica la sezione Note" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modifica</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Octaeteride&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section's source code: Note"><span>modifica wikitesto</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><a href="#cite_ref-1"><b>^</b></a> <span class="reference-text">Richard A. Parker, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://oi.uchicago.edu/sites/oi.uchicago.edu/files/uploads/shared/docs/saoc26.pdf">The Calendars of Ancient Egypt</a>, The University of Chicago Press, Chicago 1950, p.15</span> </li> </ol></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Bibliografia">Bibliografia</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Octaeteride&veaction=edit&section=3" title="Modifica la sezione Bibliografia" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modifica</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Octaeteride&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section's source code: Bibliografia"><span>modifica wikitesto</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>Jean Meeus, <i>Mathematical Astronomy Morsels</i>, Willmann-Bell, Inc., 1997 (Cap. 9, p. 51, Tavola 9.A: Some eclipse Periodicities)</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Voci_correlate">Voci correlate</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Octaeteride&veaction=edit&section=4" title="Modifica la sezione Voci correlate" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modifica</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Octaeteride&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section's source code: Voci correlate"><span>modifica wikitesto</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ciclo_metonico" title="Ciclo metonico">Ciclo metonico</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Congiunzione_di_Venere_col_Sole" title="Congiunzione di Venere col Sole">Congiunzione di Venere col Sole</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Collegamenti_esterni">Collegamenti esterni</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Octaeteride&veaction=edit&section=5" title="Modifica la sezione Collegamenti esterni" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modifica</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Octaeteride&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section's source code: Collegamenti esterni"><span>modifica wikitesto</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li class="mw-empty-elt"></li> <li><cite id="CITEREFBritannica.com" class="citation web" style="font-style:normal">(<span style="font-weight:bolder; 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