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id="p-vector-user-menu-userpage" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="หน้าตา"> <div id="vector-appearance-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown " title="Change the appearance of the page's font size, width, and color" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-appearance-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-appearance-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="หน้าตา" > <label id="vector-appearance-dropdown-label" for="vector-appearance-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-appearance mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-appearance"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">หน้าตา</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-notifications" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-overflow" class="vector-menu mw-portlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="//donate.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FundraiserRedirector?utm_source=donate&utm_medium=sidebar&utm_campaign=C13_th.wikipedia.org&uselang=th" class=""><span>บริจาคให้วิกิพีเดีย</span></a> </li> <li id="pt-createaccount-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%B8%9E%E0%B8%B4%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%A8%E0%B8%A9:%E0%B8%AA%E0%B8%A3%E0%B9%89%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%87%E0%B8%9A%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%8D%E0%B8%8A%E0%B8%B5%E0%B8%9C%E0%B8%B9%E0%B9%89%E0%B9%83%E0%B8%8A%E0%B9%89%E0%B9%83%E0%B8%AB%E0%B8%A1%E0%B9%88&returnto=%E0%B8%8B%E0%B8%B8%E0%B9%89%E0%B8%A1%E0%B8%9B%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B0%E0%B8%95%E0%B8%B9%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%A7%E0%B8%A1%E0%B8%8A%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%95%E0%B8%B4" title="แนะนำให้คุณสร้างบัญชีและเข้าสู่ระบบ แต่ไม่บังคับ" class=""><span>สร้างบัญชี</span></a> </li> <li id="pt-login-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%B8%9E%E0%B8%B4%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%A8%E0%B8%A9:%E0%B8%A5%E0%B9%87%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%99&returnto=%E0%B8%8B%E0%B8%B8%E0%B9%89%E0%B8%A1%E0%B8%9B%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B0%E0%B8%95%E0%B8%B9%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%A7%E0%B8%A1%E0%B8%8A%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%95%E0%B8%B4" title="แนะนำให้คุณเข้าสู่ระบบ แต่ไม่บังคับ [o]" accesskey="o" class=""><span>เข้าสู่ระบบ</span></a> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> <div id="vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-user-menu vector-button-flush-right vector-user-menu-logged-out" title="ตัวเลือกเพิ่มเติม" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="เครื่องมือส่วนตัว" > <label id="vector-user-links-dropdown-label" for="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-ellipsis mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-ellipsis"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">เครื่องมือส่วนตัว</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-personal" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-personal user-links-collapsible-item" title="เมนูผู้ใช้" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="//donate.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FundraiserRedirector?utm_source=donate&utm_medium=sidebar&utm_campaign=C13_th.wikipedia.org&uselang=th"><span>บริจาคให้วิกิพีเดีย</span></a></li><li id="pt-createaccount" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%B8%9E%E0%B8%B4%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%A8%E0%B8%A9:%E0%B8%AA%E0%B8%A3%E0%B9%89%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%87%E0%B8%9A%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%8D%E0%B8%8A%E0%B8%B5%E0%B8%9C%E0%B8%B9%E0%B9%89%E0%B9%83%E0%B8%8A%E0%B9%89%E0%B9%83%E0%B8%AB%E0%B8%A1%E0%B9%88&returnto=%E0%B8%8B%E0%B8%B8%E0%B9%89%E0%B8%A1%E0%B8%9B%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B0%E0%B8%95%E0%B8%B9%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%A7%E0%B8%A1%E0%B8%8A%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%95%E0%B8%B4" title="แนะนำให้คุณสร้างบัญชีและเข้าสู่ระบบ แต่ไม่บังคับ"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-userAdd mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-userAdd"></span> <span>สร้างบัญชี</span></a></li><li id="pt-login" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%B8%9E%E0%B8%B4%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%A8%E0%B8%A9:%E0%B8%A5%E0%B9%87%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%99&returnto=%E0%B8%8B%E0%B8%B8%E0%B9%89%E0%B8%A1%E0%B8%9B%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B0%E0%B8%95%E0%B8%B9%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%A7%E0%B8%A1%E0%B8%8A%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%95%E0%B8%B4" title="แนะนำให้คุณเข้าสู่ระบบ แต่ไม่บังคับ [o]" accesskey="o"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-logIn mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-logIn"></span> <span>เข้าสู่ระบบ</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-user-menu-anon-editor" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-user-menu-anon-editor" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> หน้าสำหรับผู้แก้ไขที่ออกจากระบบ <a href="/wiki/%E0%B8%A7%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%98%E0%B8%B5%E0%B9%83%E0%B8%8A%E0%B9%89:%E0%B8%9A%E0%B8%97%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%B3" aria-label="เรียนรู้เพิ่มเกี่ยวกับการแก้ไข"><span>เรียนรู้เพิ่มเติม</span></a> </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-anoncontribs" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%E0%B8%9E%E0%B8%B4%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%A8%E0%B8%A9:%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B7%E0%B9%88%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%87%E0%B8%97%E0%B8%B5%E0%B9%88%E0%B8%89%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%99%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%82%E0%B8%B5%E0%B8%A2%E0%B8%99" title="รายการการแก้ไขจากเลขที่อยู่ไอพีนี้ [y]" accesskey="y"><span>ส่วนร่วม</span></a></li><li id="pt-anontalk" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%E0%B8%9E%E0%B8%B4%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%A8%E0%B8%A9:%E0%B8%AB%E0%B8%99%E0%B9%89%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%9E%E0%B8%B9%E0%B8%94%E0%B8%84%E0%B8%B8%E0%B8%A2%E0%B8%82%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%87%E0%B8%89%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%99" title="อภิปรายเกี่ยวกับการแก้ไขจากเลขที่อยู่ไอพีนี้ [n]" accesskey="n"><span>คุย</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </header> </div> <div class="mw-page-container"> <div class="mw-page-container-inner"> <div class="vector-sitenotice-container"> <div id="siteNotice"></div> </div> <div class="vector-column-start"> <div class="vector-main-menu-container"> <div id="mw-navigation"> <nav id="mw-panel" class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="ไซต์"> <div id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav id="mw-panel-toc" aria-label="สารบัญ" data-event-name="ui.sidebar-toc" class="mw-table-of-contents-container vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-toc-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-toc" class="vector-toc vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-toc-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="toc-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-toc" > <h2 class="vector-pinnable-header-label">สารบัญ</h2> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.pin">ย้ายเมนูไปที่แถบด้านข้าง</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.unpin">ซ่อน</button> </div> <ul class="vector-toc-contents" id="mw-panel-toc-list"> <li id="toc-mw-content-text" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a href="#" class="vector-toc-link"> <div class="vector-toc-text">บทนำ</div> </a> </li> <li id="toc-ประวัติศาสตร์" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#ประวัติศาสตร์"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1</span> <span>ประวัติศาสตร์</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-ประวัติศาสตร์-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle ประวัติศาสตร์ subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-ประวัติศาสตร์-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-การรื้อถอน" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#การรื้อถอน"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.1</span> <span>การรื้อถอน</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-การรื้อถอน-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-การออกแบบ" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#การออกแบบ"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>การออกแบบ</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-การออกแบบ-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-อ้างอิง" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#อ้างอิง"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>อ้างอิง</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-อ้างอิง-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="สารบัญ" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Toggle the table of contents</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">ซุ้มประตูการรวมชาติ</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="ไปที่บทความในภาษาอื่น ซึ่งมีใน 27 ภาษา" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-27" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">27 ภาษา</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%82%D9%88%D8%B3_%D8%A5%D8%B9%D8%A7%D8%AF%D8%A9_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AA%D9%88%D8%AD%D9%8A%D8%AF" title="قوس إعادة التوحيد – อาหรับ" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="قوس إعادة التوحيد" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="อาหรับ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Birl%C9%99%C5%9Fm%C9%99_Ta%C4%9F%C4%B1" title="Birləşmə Tağı – อาเซอร์ไบจาน" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Birləşmə Tağı" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="อาเซอร์ไบจาน" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arc_de_la_reunificaci%C3%B3" title="Arc de la reunificació – คาตาลัน" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Arc de la reunificació" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="คาตาลัน" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Denkmal_f%C3%BCr_die_Wiedervereinigung" title="Denkmal für die Wiedervereinigung – เยอรมัน" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Denkmal für die Wiedervereinigung" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="เยอรมัน" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en mw-list-item"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arch_of_Reunification" title="Arch of Reunification – อังกฤษ" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="Arch of Reunification" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="อังกฤษ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arko_de_Reunui%C4%9Do" title="Arko de Reunuiĝo – เอสเปรันโต" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Arko de Reunuiĝo" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="เอสเปรันโต" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arco_de_la_Reunificaci%C3%B3n" title="Arco de la Reunificación – สเปน" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Arco de la Reunificación" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="สเปน" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B7%D8%A7%D9%82_%D9%88%D8%AD%D8%AF%D8%AA" title="طاق وحدت – เปอร์เซีย" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="طاق وحدت" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="เปอร์เซีย" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yhdistymisen_riemukaari" title="Yhdistymisen riemukaari – ฟินแลนด์" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Yhdistymisen riemukaari" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="ฟินแลนด์" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arche_de_la_R%C3%A9unification" title="Arche de la Réunification – ฝรั่งเศส" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Arche de la Réunification" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="ฝรั่งเศส" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%A7%D7%A9%D7%AA_%D7%94%D7%90%D7%99%D7%97%D7%95%D7%93" title="קשת האיחוד – ฮิบรู" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="קשת האיחוד" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="ฮิบรู" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D5%8E%D5%A5%D6%80%D5%A1%D5%B4%D5%AB%D5%A1%D5%BE%D5%B8%D6%80%D5%B4%D5%A1%D5%B6_%D5%AF%D5%A1%D5%B4%D5%A1%D6%80" title="Վերամիավորման կամար – อาร์เมเนีย" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Վերամիավորման կամար" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="อาร์เมเนีย" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gapura_Penyatuan_Kembali" title="Gapura Penyatuan Kembali – อินโดนีเซีย" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Gapura Penyatuan Kembali" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="อินโดนีเซีย" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arco_della_Riunificazione" title="Arco della Riunificazione – อิตาลี" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Arco della Riunificazione" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="อิตาลี" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E7%A5%96%E5%9B%BD%E7%B5%B1%E4%B8%80%E4%B8%89%E5%A4%A7%E6%86%B2%E7%AB%A0%E8%A8%98%E5%BF%B5%E5%A1%94" title="祖国統一三大憲章記念塔 – ญี่ปุ่น" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="祖国統一三大憲章記念塔" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="ญี่ปุ่น" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EC%A1%B0%EA%B5%AD%ED%86%B5%EC%9D%BC3%EB%8C%80%ED%97%8C%EC%9E%A5%EA%B8%B0%EB%85%90%ED%83%91" title="조국통일3대헌장기념탑 – เกาหลี" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="조국통일3대헌장기념탑" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="เกาหลี" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gerbang_Penyatuan_Semula" title="Gerbang Penyatuan Semula – มาเลย์" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Gerbang Penyatuan Semula" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="มาเลย์" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Boog_van_de_Hereniging" title="Boog van de Hereniging – ดัตช์" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Boog van de Hereniging" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="ดัตช์" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gjenforeningsbuen" title="Gjenforeningsbuen – นอร์เวย์บุคมอล" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Gjenforeningsbuen" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="นอร์เวย์บุคมอล" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C5%81uk_Zjednoczenia" title="Łuk Zjednoczenia – โปแลนด์" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Łuk Zjednoczenia" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="โปแลนด์" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arco_da_Reunifica%C3%A7%C3%A3o" title="Arco da Reunificação – โปรตุเกส" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Arco da Reunificação" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="โปรตุเกส" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arcul_Reunific%C4%83rii" title="Arcul Reunificării – โรมาเนีย" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Arcul Reunificării" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="โรมาเนีย" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D1%80%D0%BA%D0%B0_%D0%92%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%81%D0%BE%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Арка Воссоединения – รัสเซีย" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Арка Воссоединения" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="รัสเซีย" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%85terf%C3%B6renandeb%C3%A5gen" title="Återförenandebågen – สวีเดน" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Återförenandebågen" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="สวีเดน" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D1%80%D0%BA%D0%B0_%D0%92%D0%BE%D0%B7%D0%B7%27%D1%94%D0%B4%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%BD%D1%8F" title="Арка Возз'єднання – ยูเครน" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Арка Возз'єднання" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="ยูเครน" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/C%E1%BB%95ng_Th%E1%BB%91ng_Nh%E1%BA%A5t" title="Cổng Thống Nhất – เวียดนาม" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Cổng Thống Nhất" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" 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class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/60/Monument-to-National-Reunification-2014.jpg/330px-Monument-to-National-Reunification-2014.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/60/Monument-to-National-Reunification-2014.jpg/440px-Monument-to-National-Reunification-2014.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4608" data-file-height="3456" /></a></span><div>ภาพถ่าย ค.ศ. 2014</div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" style="text-align:center"><a class="mw-kartographer-map notheme mw-kartographer-container center" style="width: 250px; height: 200px;" data-mw-kartographer="mapframe" data-style="osm-intl" data-width="250" data-height="200" data-zoom="13" data-lat="38.964527777778" data-lon="125.71581666667" data-overlays="["_a9ad46ac6f533539e7b0d52068d1942a38471e55"]" href="/wiki/%E0%B8%9E%E0%B8%B4%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%A8%E0%B8%A9:Map/13/38.964527777778/125.71581666667/th"><img src="https://maps.wikimedia.org/img/osm-intl,13,38.964527777778,125.71581666667,250x200.png?lang=th&domain=th.wikipedia.org&title=%E0%B8%8B%E0%B8%B8%E0%B9%89%E0%B8%A1%E0%B8%9B%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B0%E0%B8%95%E0%B8%B9%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%A7%E0%B8%A1%E0%B8%8A%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%95%E0%B8%B4&revid=11927651&groups=_a9ad46ac6f533539e7b0d52068d1942a38471e55" width="250" height="200" decoding="async" srcset="https://maps.wikimedia.org/img/osm-intl,13,38.964527777778,125.71581666667,250x200@2x.png?lang=th&domain=th.wikipedia.org&title=%E0%B8%8B%E0%B8%B8%E0%B9%89%E0%B8%A1%E0%B8%9B%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B0%E0%B8%95%E0%B8%B9%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%A7%E0%B8%A1%E0%B8%8A%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%95%E0%B8%B4&revid=11927651&groups=_a9ad46ac6f533539e7b0d52068d1942a38471e55 2x" alt="แผนที่" /></a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row">พิกัด</th><td><span class="geo-inline"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r11440494">.mw-parser-output .geo-default,.mw-parser-output .geo-dms,.mw-parser-output .geo-dec{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .geo-nondefault,.mw-parser-output .geo-multi-punct,.mw-parser-output .geo-inline-hidden{display:none}.mw-parser-output .longitude,.mw-parser-output .latitude{white-space:nowrap}</style><span class="plainlinks nourlexpansion load-gadget" data-gadget="WikiMiniAtlas"><a class="external text" href="https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=%E0%B8%8B%E0%B8%B8%E0%B9%89%E0%B8%A1%E0%B8%9B%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B0%E0%B8%95%E0%B8%B9%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%A7%E0%B8%A1%E0%B8%8A%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%95%E0%B8%B4&params=38_57_52.300_N_125_42_56.940_E_type:landmark_region:KP"><span class="geo-default"><span class="geo-dms" title="แผนที่ ภาพถ่ายทางอากาศ และข้อมูลอื่นเกี่ยวกับสถานที่นี้"><span class="latitude">38°57′52.300″N</span> <span class="longitude">125°42′56.940″E</span></span></span><span class="geo-multi-punct"> / </span><span class="geo-nondefault"><span class="geo-dec" title="แผนที่ ภาพถ่ายทางอากาศ และข้อมูลอื่นเกี่ยวกับสถานที่นี้">38.96452778°N 125.71581667°E</span><span style="display:none"> / <span class="geo">38.96452778; 125.71581667</span></span></span></a></span></span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row">ที่ตั้ง</th><td class="label"><a href="/wiki/%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%9B%E0%B8%B5%E0%B8%A2%E0%B8%87%E0%B8%A2%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%87" title="เปียงยาง">เปียงยาง</a> <a href="/wiki/%E0%B8%9B%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B0%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%97%E0%B8%A8%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%AB%E0%B8%A5%E0%B8%B5%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%AB%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%B7%E0%B8%AD" title="ประเทศเกาหลีเหนือ">ประเทศเกาหลีเหนือ</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row">ความกว้าง</th><td>61.5 เมตร (202 ฟุต)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row">ความสูง</th><td>30 เมตร (98 ฟุต)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row">การเปิด</th><td>สิงหาคม 2001<span class="noprint">; 23 ปีที่แล้ว</span><span style="display:none"> (<span class="bday dtstart published updated">2001-08</span>)</span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row">อุทิศแด่</th><td><div><ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Three_Principles_of_National_Reunification&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Three Principles of National Reunification (ไม่มีหน้านี้)">กฎบัตรสามประการ</a></li><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Plan_of_Establishing_the_Democratic_Federal_Republic_of_Koryo&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Plan of Establishing the Democratic Federal Republic of Koryo (ไม่มีหน้านี้)">แผนสถปานาสหพันธรัฐเกาหลี</a></li><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ten_Point_Programme_for_Reunification_of_the_Country&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ten Point Programme for Reunification of the Country (ไม่มีหน้านี้)">โครงการสิบประการ</a></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row">วันที่รื้อ</th><td>มกราคม 2024<span class="noprint">; 10 เดือนที่แล้ว</span><span style="display:none"> (<span class="dtend">2024-01</span>)</span></td></tr></tbody></table> <table class="infobox" style="width: 22em"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" style="text-align:center;font-size: 125%; background-color: #b0c4de;">Arch of Reunification</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" style="font-weight: normal;"><a href="/wiki/%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%A9%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%AE%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%B6%E0%B8%A5" title="อักษรฮันกึล">โชซ็อนกึล</a></th><td><div style="display:inline;font-size:1rem;"><span title="ข้อความภาษาเกาหลี"><span lang="ko-Hang">조국통일3대헌장기념탑</span></span></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" style="font-weight: normal;"><a href="/wiki/%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%A9%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%AE%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%88%E0%B8%B2" title="อักษรฮันจา">ฮันจา</a></th><td><div style="display:inline;font-size:1rem;"><span title="ข้อความภาษาเกาหลี"><span lang="ko-Hani"><a href="https://th.wiktionary.org/wiki/%E7%A5%96" class="extiw" title="wikt:祖">祖</a><a href="https://th.wiktionary.org/wiki/%E5%9C%8B" class="extiw" title="wikt:國">國</a><a href="https://th.wiktionary.org/wiki/%E7%B5%B1" class="extiw" title="wikt:統">統</a><a href="https://th.wiktionary.org/wiki/%E4%B8%80" class="extiw" title="wikt:一">一</a><a href="https://th.wiktionary.org/wiki/%E4%B8%89" class="extiw" title="wikt:三">三</a><a href="https://th.wiktionary.org/wiki/%E5%A4%A7" class="extiw" title="wikt:大">大</a><a href="https://th.wiktionary.org/wiki/%E6%86%B2" class="extiw" title="wikt:憲">憲</a><a href="https://th.wiktionary.org/wiki/%E7%AB%A0" class="extiw" title="wikt:章">章</a><a href="https://th.wiktionary.org/wiki/%E7%B4%80" class="extiw" title="wikt:紀">紀</a><a href="https://th.wiktionary.org/wiki/%E5%BF%B5" class="extiw" title="wikt:念">念</a><a href="https://th.wiktionary.org/wiki/%E5%A1%94" class="extiw" title="wikt:塔">塔</a></span></span></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" style="font-weight: normal;"><a href="/wiki/%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B0%E0%B8%9A%E0%B8%9A%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B0%E0%B8%97%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%A7%E0%B8%87%E0%B8%A7%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%92%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%98%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%A1%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%AB%E0%B8%A5%E0%B8%B5_2000" title="ระบบกระทรวงวัฒนธรรมเกาหลี 2000">อาร์อาร์</a></th><td><span lang="ko-Latn" title="ko rr transliteration" class="Unicode" style="white-space:normal; text-decoration: none">Joguk Tongil Samdae Heonjang Ginyeomtap </span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" style="font-weight: normal;"><a href="/wiki/%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B0%E0%B8%9A%E0%B8%9A%E0%B9%81%E0%B8%A1%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%84%E0%B8%B9%E0%B8%99-%E0%B9%84%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%8B%E0%B9%8C%E0%B8%8A%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A7%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%A3%E0%B9%8C" title="ระบบแมกคูน-ไรซ์ชาวเออร์">เอ็มอาร์</a></th><td><span lang="ko-Latn" title="ko mr transliteration" class="Unicode" style="white-space:normal; text-decoration: none">Choguk T'ongil Samtae Hŏnjang Kinyŏmt'ap </span></td></tr></tbody></table> <p><b>ซุ้มประตูการรวมชาติ</b> (<a href="/wiki/%E0%B8%A0%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A9%E0%B8%B2%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%AB%E0%B8%A5%E0%B8%B5" title="ภาษาเกาหลี">เกาหลี</a>: <span lang="ko">조국통일3대헌장기념탑</span>) หรือ <b>อนุสรณ์กฎบัตรหลักสามประการเพื่อการรวมคืนชาติ</b><sup id="cite_ref-Corfield2013_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Corfield2013-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> เป็นซุ้มประตูอนุสรณ์ใน<a href="/wiki/%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%9B%E0%B8%B5%E0%B8%A2%E0%B8%87%E0%B8%A2%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%87" title="เปียงยาง">เปียงยาง</a>ใต้ <a href="/wiki/%E0%B8%9B%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B0%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%97%E0%B8%A8%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%AB%E0%B8%A5%E0%B8%B5%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%AB%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%B7%E0%B8%AD" title="ประเทศเกาหลีเหนือ">ประเทศเกาหลีเหนือ</a> เปิดในเดือนสิงหาคม ค.ศ. 2001 เพื่อระลึกถึงข้อเสนอ<a href="/wiki/Korean_reunification" class="mw-redirect" title="Korean reunification">การรวมชาติเกาหลี</a>ที่ผลักดันโดย<a href="/wiki/%E0%B8%84%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%A1_%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%A5-%E0%B8%8B%E0%B9%87%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%87" title="คิม อิล-ซ็อง">คิม อิล-ซ็อง</a><sup id="cite_ref-Harris37_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Harris37-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-KCNA_Watch_2015_n632_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-KCNA_Watch_2015_n632-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> ตัวโครงสร้างทำมาจาก<a href="/wiki/%E0%B8%84%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B5%E0%B8%95" title="คอนกรีต">คอนกรีต</a>และสร้างครอบ<a href="/w/index.php?title=Reunification_Highway&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Reunification Highway (ไม่มีหน้านี้)">ทางหลวงสายรวมชาติ</a>ที่วิ่งจากเปียงยางไป<a href="/wiki/Korean_Demilitarized_Zone" class="mw-redirect" title="Korean Demilitarized Zone">เขตปลอดทหาร</a> ซุ้มประตูนี้ปรากฏบนดวงตราไปรษณียากรจาก ค.ศ. 2002, ค.ศ. 2015, ค.ศ. 2016 และ ค.ศ. 2021 ก่อนที่จะถูกรื้อถอนในต้น ค.ศ. 2024<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="ประวัติศาสตร์"><span id=".E0.B8.9B.E0.B8.A3.E0.B8.B0.E0.B8.A7.E0.B8.B1.E0.B8.95.E0.B8.B4.E0.B8.A8.E0.B8.B2.E0.B8.AA.E0.B8.95.E0.B8.A3.E0.B9.8C"></span>ประวัติศาสตร์</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%B8%8B%E0%B8%B8%E0%B9%89%E0%B8%A1%E0%B8%9B%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B0%E0%B8%95%E0%B8%B9%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%A7%E0%B8%A1%E0%B8%8A%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%95%E0%B8%B4&action=edit&section=1" title="แก้ไขส่วน: ประวัติศาสตร์"><span>แก้</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>เกาหลีเหนือเริ่มการก่อสร้างซุ้มประตูในวันที่ 14 สิงหาคม ค.ศ. 1999 และตั้งใจจะแล้วเสร็จในวันที่ 15 สิงหาคม ค.ศ. 2000 ซึ่งตรงกับวันครอบรอบ 55 ปี <a href="/w/index.php?title=National_Liberation_Day_of_Korea&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="National Liberation Day of Korea (ไม่มีหน้านี้)">การปลดแอกเกาหลีจากญี่ปุ่น</a><sup id="cite_ref-:0_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> การก่อสร้างแล้วเสร็จในเดือนสิงหาคม ค.ศ. 2001 โดยหนังสือพิมพ์ของรัฐ <i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Rodong_Sinmun&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Rodong Sinmun (ไม่มีหน้านี้)">Rodong Sinmun</a></i> รายงานถึงอนุสรณ์นี้ว่าเป็น "อนุสรณ์สถานใหญ่ที่ระลึกถึงแผนการใหญ่ 10,000 ปีของยุคสมัยแห่งพรรคแรงงานเกาหลี"<sup id="cite_ref-:0_5-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="การรื้อถอน"><span id=".E0.B8.81.E0.B8.B2.E0.B8.A3.E0.B8.A3.E0.B8.B7.E0.B9.89.E0.B8.AD.E0.B8.96.E0.B8.AD.E0.B8.99"></span>การรื้อถอน</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%B8%8B%E0%B8%B8%E0%B9%89%E0%B8%A1%E0%B8%9B%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B0%E0%B8%95%E0%B8%B9%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%A7%E0%B8%A1%E0%B8%8A%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%95%E0%B8%B4&action=edit&section=2" title="แก้ไขส่วน: การรื้อถอน"><span>แก้</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>ในเดือนธันวาคม ค.ศ. 2023 <a href="/wiki/%E0%B8%84%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%A1_%E0%B8%88%E0%B9%87%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%87-%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%B6%E0%B8%99" title="คิม จ็อง-อึน">คิม จ็อง-อึน</a> กล่าวโทษเกาหลีใต้ว่ากลายมาเป็น "ฐานทัพและฐานอาวุธนิวเคลียร์" ของสหรัฐ ท่ามกลางการฝึกทางทหารของสหรัฐและการประจำการของทหารสหรัฐใกล้กับคาบสมุทรเกาหลี <sup id="cite_ref-reuters2_6-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-reuters2-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> และประกาศพร้อมกันว่าเขาได้ปัดตกความเป็นไปได้ในการรวมชาติกับเกาหลีใต้โดยสันติ และเกาหลีเหนือจะต้องเปลี่ยนความสัมพันธ์กับเกาหลีใต้โดยรากฐาน<sup id="cite_ref-reuters2_6-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-reuters2-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>ในเดือนมกราคม ค.ศ. 2024 คิมได้ประกาศให้มีการรื้อถอนซุ้มประตูการรวมชาติ ในฐานะส่วนหนึ่งของการละทิ้งเป้าหมายในการรวมชาติโดยสันติ<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> ในสุนทรพจน์ที่<a href="/wiki/Supreme_People%27s_Assembly" class="mw-redirect" title="Supreme People's Assembly">การประชุมสภาประชาชน</a>ในวันที่ 15 มกราคม คิมเรียกอนุสรณ์นี้ว่า "อุจาดตา" (eyesore)<sup id="cite_ref-reuters_8-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-reuters-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>ซุ้มประตูถูกรื้อถอนระหว่างวันที่ 19 และ 23 มกราคม ค.ศ. 2024 ตามที่ปรากฏบน<a href="/w/index.php?title=Satellite_imagery&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Satellite imagery (ไม่มีหน้านี้)">ภาพถ่ายดาวเทียม</a><sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-reuters_8-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-reuters-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> ข่าวการรื้อถอนซุ้มประตูการรวมชาติได้รับการยืนยันโดย<a href="/w/index.php?title=Ministry_of_Unification&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ministry of Unification (ไม่มีหน้านี้)">กระทรวงการรวมชาติ</a>ของเกาหลีใต้ในวันที่ 24 มกราคม ค.ศ. 2024<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="การออกแบบ"><span id=".E0.B8.81.E0.B8.B2.E0.B8.A3.E0.B8.AD.E0.B8.AD.E0.B8.81.E0.B9.81.E0.B8.9A.E0.B8.9A"></span>การออกแบบ</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%B8%8B%E0%B8%B8%E0%B9%89%E0%B8%A1%E0%B8%9B%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B0%E0%B8%95%E0%B8%B9%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%A7%E0%B8%A1%E0%B8%8A%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%95%E0%B8%B4&action=edit&section=3" title="แก้ไขส่วน: การออกแบบ"><span>แก้</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>ซุ้มประตูมีลักษณะเป็นรูปสตรีเกาหลีสองคนในชุดฮันบก แทนเกาหลีเหนือและใต้<sup id="cite_ref-Harris37_2-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Harris37-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> โน้มตัวมาข้างหน้าเข้าหากัน ร่วมกันถือแผนที่<a href="/wiki/%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%A7%E0%B8%A1%E0%B8%8A%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%95%E0%B8%B4%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%AB%E0%B8%A5%E0%B8%B5" title="การรวมชาติเกาหลี">การรวมชาติเกาหลี</a> ส่วนล่างของซุ้มประตูเป็นประติมากรรมโลหะสัมฤทธิ์นูนต่ำ แสดงเหตุการณ์<a href="/w/index.php?title=Korean_independence_movement&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Korean independence movement (ไม่มีหน้านี้)">ขบวนการเอกราชเกาหลี</a> ความกว้างของซุ้มประตูที่ 61.5 เมตร เป็นตัวเลขแทน<a href="/w/index.php?title=June_15th_North%E2%80%93South_Joint_Declaration&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="June 15th North–South Joint Declaration (ไม่มีหน้านี้)">การประกาศร่วมของเกาหลีเหนือและใต้</a> ในวันที่ 15 มิถุนายน 2000 (ตัวเลขของวันที่และเดือนเรียงกลับเป็นเลข 615) และความสูงที่ 30 เมตร แทน<a href="/w/index.php?title=Three_Principles_of_National_Reunification&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Three Principles of National Reunification (ไม่มีหน้านี้)">หลักสามประการของการรวมชาติ</a><sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <ul class="gallery mw-gallery-traditional"> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/%E0%B9%84%E0%B8%9F%E0%B8%A5%E0%B9%8C:REUNIFICATION_MONUMENT_PYONGYANG_DPR_KOREA_OCT_2012_(8150413808).jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="ซุ้มประตูยามค่ำคืน"><img alt="ซุ้มประตูยามค่ำคืน" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e2/REUNIFICATION_MONUMENT_PYONGYANG_DPR_KOREA_OCT_2012_%288150413808%29.jpg/120px-REUNIFICATION_MONUMENT_PYONGYANG_DPR_KOREA_OCT_2012_%288150413808%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="90" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e2/REUNIFICATION_MONUMENT_PYONGYANG_DPR_KOREA_OCT_2012_%288150413808%29.jpg/180px-REUNIFICATION_MONUMENT_PYONGYANG_DPR_KOREA_OCT_2012_%288150413808%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e2/REUNIFICATION_MONUMENT_PYONGYANG_DPR_KOREA_OCT_2012_%288150413808%29.jpg/240px-REUNIFICATION_MONUMENT_PYONGYANG_DPR_KOREA_OCT_2012_%288150413808%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4528" data-file-height="3398" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">ซุ้มประตูยามค่ำคืน</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/%E0%B9%84%E0%B8%9F%E0%B8%A5%E0%B9%8C:Arch_of_Reunification,_North_Korea_09.JPG" class="mw-file-description" title="ยอดของซุ้มประตู รูปคาบสมุทรเกาหลี"><img alt="ยอดของซุ้มประตู รูปคาบสมุทรเกาหลี" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/88/Arch_of_Reunification%2C_North_Korea_09.JPG/120px-Arch_of_Reunification%2C_North_Korea_09.JPG" decoding="async" width="120" height="90" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/88/Arch_of_Reunification%2C_North_Korea_09.JPG/180px-Arch_of_Reunification%2C_North_Korea_09.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/88/Arch_of_Reunification%2C_North_Korea_09.JPG/240px-Arch_of_Reunification%2C_North_Korea_09.JPG 2x" data-file-width="3488" data-file-height="2616" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">ยอดของซุ้มประตู รูปคาบสมุทรเกาหลี</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/%E0%B9%84%E0%B8%9F%E0%B8%A5%E0%B9%8C:Arch_of_Reunification,_North_Korea_04.JPG" class="mw-file-description" title="ประติมากรรมนูนต่ำที่ฐาน"><img alt="ประติมากรรมนูนต่ำที่ฐาน" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5e/Arch_of_Reunification%2C_North_Korea_04.JPG/120px-Arch_of_Reunification%2C_North_Korea_04.JPG" decoding="async" width="120" height="90" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5e/Arch_of_Reunification%2C_North_Korea_04.JPG/180px-Arch_of_Reunification%2C_North_Korea_04.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5e/Arch_of_Reunification%2C_North_Korea_04.JPG/240px-Arch_of_Reunification%2C_North_Korea_04.JPG 2x" data-file-width="3488" data-file-height="2616" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">ประติมากรรมนูนต่ำที่ฐาน</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/%E0%B9%84%E0%B8%9F%E0%B8%A5%E0%B9%8C:Arch_of_Reunification,_North_Korea_05.JPG" class="mw-file-description" title="ประติมากรรมนูนต่ำที่ฐาน"><img alt="ประติมากรรมนูนต่ำที่ฐาน" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/30/Arch_of_Reunification%2C_North_Korea_05.JPG/120px-Arch_of_Reunification%2C_North_Korea_05.JPG" decoding="async" width="120" height="90" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/30/Arch_of_Reunification%2C_North_Korea_05.JPG/180px-Arch_of_Reunification%2C_North_Korea_05.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/30/Arch_of_Reunification%2C_North_Korea_05.JPG/240px-Arch_of_Reunification%2C_North_Korea_05.JPG 2x" data-file-width="3488" data-file-height="2616" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">ประติมากรรมนูนต่ำที่ฐาน</div> </li> </ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="อ้างอิง"><span id=".E0.B8.AD.E0.B9.89.E0.B8.B2.E0.B8.87.E0.B8.AD.E0.B8.B4.E0.B8.87"></span>อ้างอิง</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%B8%8B%E0%B8%B8%E0%B9%89%E0%B8%A1%E0%B8%9B%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B0%E0%B8%95%E0%B8%B9%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%A7%E0%B8%A1%E0%B8%8A%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%95%E0%B8%B4&action=edit&section=4" title="แก้ไขส่วน: อ้างอิง"><span>แก้</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r10827797">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #aaa;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em;background-color:#f9f9f9;display:flow-root}.mw-parser-output .side-box-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{padding:0.25em 0.9em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-image{padding:2px 0 2px 0.9em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-imageright{padding:2px 0.9em 2px 0;text-align:center}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .side-box-flex{display:flex;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{flex:1}}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .side-box{width:238px}.mw-parser-output .side-box-right{clear:right;float:right;margin-left:1em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-left{margin-right:1em}}</style><div class="side-box side-box-right plainlinks sistersitebox"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r9259874">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none none;margin:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{list-style:none;padding-left:0}</style> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/30px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="30" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/45px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/59px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></span></span></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:Search" class="extiw" title="commons:Special:Search">วิกิมีเดียคอมมอนส์</a>มีสื่อที่เกี่ยวข้องกับ <b><a class="external text" href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Arch_of_Reunification?setlang=th">ซุ้มประตูการรวมชาติ</a></b></div></div> </div> <div class="reflist" style="list-style-type: decimal;"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-Corfield2013-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-Corfield2013_1-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r10205087">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-free a{background:linear-gradient(transparent,transparent),url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-registration a{background:linear-gradient(transparent,transparent),url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-subscription a{background:linear-gradient(transparent,transparent),url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:linear-gradient(transparent,transparent),url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:#d33}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:#d33}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#3a3;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}</style><cite id="CITEREFJustin_Corfield2013" class="citation book cs1">Justin Corfield (July 2013). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=a46gFDWr3aMC&pg=PA8"><i>Historical Dictionary of Pyongyang</i></a>. Anthem Press. p. 8. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/%E0%B8%9E%E0%B8%B4%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%A8%E0%B8%A9:%E0%B9%81%E0%B8%AB%E0%B8%A5%E0%B9%88%E0%B8%87%E0%B8%AB%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%87%E0%B8%AA%E0%B8%B7%E0%B8%AD/978-0-85728-234-7" title="พิเศษ:แหล่งหนังสือ/978-0-85728-234-7"><bdi>978-0-85728-234-7</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Historical+Dictionary+of+Pyongyang&rft.pages=8&rft.pub=Anthem+Press&rft.date=2013-07&rft.isbn=978-0-85728-234-7&rft.au=Justin+Corfield&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3Da46gFDWr3aMC%26pg%3DPA8&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fth.wikipedia.org%3A%E0%B8%8B%E0%B8%B8%E0%B9%89%E0%B8%A1%E0%B8%9B%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B0%E0%B8%95%E0%B8%B9%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%A7%E0%B8%A1%E0%B8%8A%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%95%E0%B8%B4" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Harris37-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">↑ <sup><a href="#cite_ref-Harris37_2-0">2.0</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-Harris37_2-1">2.1</a></sup></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r10205087"><cite id="CITEREFHarris2007" class="citation book cs1">Harris, Mark Edward (2007). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=tc-_8GoNB3gC&pg=PA37"><i>Inside North Korea</i></a>. <a href="/w/index.php?title=Chronicle_Books&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Chronicle Books (ไม่มีหน้านี้)">Chronicle Books</a>. p. 37. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/%E0%B8%9E%E0%B8%B4%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%A8%E0%B8%A9:%E0%B9%81%E0%B8%AB%E0%B8%A5%E0%B9%88%E0%B8%87%E0%B8%AB%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%87%E0%B8%AA%E0%B8%B7%E0%B8%AD/978-0-8118-5751-2" title="พิเศษ:แหล่งหนังสือ/978-0-8118-5751-2"><bdi>978-0-8118-5751-2</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Inside+North+Korea&rft.pages=37&rft.pub=Chronicle+Books&rft.date=2007&rft.isbn=978-0-8118-5751-2&rft.aulast=Harris&rft.aufirst=Mark+Edward&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3Dtc-_8GoNB3gC%26pg%3DPA37&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fth.wikipedia.org%3A%E0%B8%8B%E0%B8%B8%E0%B9%89%E0%B8%A1%E0%B8%9B%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B0%E0%B8%95%E0%B8%B9%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%A7%E0%B8%A1%E0%B8%8A%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%95%E0%B8%B4" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-KCNA_Watch_2015_n632-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-KCNA_Watch_2015_n632_3-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r10205087"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://kcnawatch.org/newstream/1565258174-436065989/monument-to-the-three-charters-for-national-reunification-1/">"Monument to the Three Charters for National Reunification"</a>. <i><a href="/w/index.php?title=KCNA_Watch&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="KCNA Watch (ไม่มีหน้านี้)">KCNA Watch</a></i>. 29 November 2015. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240123131652/https://kcnawatch.org/newstream/1565258174-436065989/monument-to-the-three-charters-for-national-reunification-1/">เก็บ</a>จากแหล่งเดิมเมื่อ 23 January 2024<span class="reference-accessdate">. สืบค้นเมื่อ <span class="nowrap">23 January</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=KCNA+Watch&rft.atitle=Monument+to+the+Three+Charters+for+National+Reunification&rft.date=2015-11-29&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fkcnawatch.org%2Fnewstream%2F1565258174-436065989%2Fmonument-to-the-three-charters-for-national-reunification-1%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fth.wikipedia.org%3A%E0%B8%8B%E0%B8%B8%E0%B9%89%E0%B8%A1%E0%B8%9B%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B0%E0%B8%95%E0%B8%B9%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%A7%E0%B8%A1%E0%B8%8A%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%95%E0%B8%B4" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-4">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r10205087"><cite id="CITEREFHall2024" class="citation web cs1">Hall, David (6 February 2024). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://theconversation.com/north-korea-has-demolished-its-monument-to-reunification-but-it-cant-fully-erase-the-dream-222183">"North Korea has demolished its monument to reunification but it can't fully erase the dream"</a>. <i>The Conversation</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240206160322/https://theconversation.com/north-korea-has-demolished-its-monument-to-reunification-but-it-cant-fully-erase-the-dream-222183">เก็บ</a>จากแหล่งเดิมเมื่อ 6 February 2024<span class="reference-accessdate">. สืบค้นเมื่อ <span class="nowrap">6 February</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+Conversation&rft.atitle=North+Korea+has+demolished+its+monument+to+reunification+but+it+can%27t+fully+erase+the+dream&rft.date=2024-02-06&rft.aulast=Hall&rft.aufirst=David&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Ftheconversation.com%2Fnorth-korea-has-demolished-its-monument-to-reunification-but-it-cant-fully-erase-the-dream-222183&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fth.wikipedia.org%3A%E0%B8%8B%E0%B8%B8%E0%B9%89%E0%B8%A1%E0%B8%9B%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B0%E0%B8%95%E0%B8%B9%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%A7%E0%B8%A1%E0%B8%8A%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%95%E0%B8%B4" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:0-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">↑ <sup><a href="#cite_ref-:0_5-0">5.0</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-:0_5-1">5.1</a></sup></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r10205087"><cite id="CITEREFFretwell2024" class="citation news cs1">Fretwell, James (30 January 2024). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nknews.org/2024/01/arch-nemesis-kim-jong-un-dismantled-a-monument-and-his-grandfathers-legacy/">"Arch nemesis: Kim Jong Un dismantled a monument — and his grandfather's legacy"</a>. <i><a href="/w/index.php?title=NK_News&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="NK News (ไม่มีหน้านี้)">NK News</a></i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240130040501/https://www.nknews.org/2024/01/arch-nemesis-kim-jong-un-dismantled-a-monument-and-his-grandfathers-legacy/">เก็บ</a>จากแหล่งเดิมเมื่อ 30 January 2024<span class="reference-accessdate">. สืบค้นเมื่อ <span class="nowrap">30 January</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=NK+News&rft.atitle=Arch+nemesis%3A+Kim+Jong+Un+dismantled+a+monument+%E2%80%94+and+his+grandfather%27s+legacy&rft.date=2024-01-30&rft.aulast=Fretwell&rft.aufirst=James&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nknews.org%2F2024%2F01%2Farch-nemesis-kim-jong-un-dismantled-a-monument-and-his-grandfathers-legacy%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fth.wikipedia.org%3A%E0%B8%8B%E0%B8%B8%E0%B9%89%E0%B8%A1%E0%B8%9B%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B0%E0%B8%95%E0%B8%B9%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%A7%E0%B8%A1%E0%B8%8A%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%95%E0%B8%B4" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-reuters2-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">↑ <sup><a href="#cite_ref-reuters2_6-0">6.0</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-reuters2_6-1">6.1</a></sup></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r10205087"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.reuters.com/world/asia-pacific/north-korea-plans-launch-three-more-reconnaissance-satellites-2024-kcna-reports-2023-12-30/">"North Korea to launch new spy satellites, build drones, says war inevitable"</a>. Reuters. 31 December 2023<span class="reference-accessdate">. สืบค้นเมื่อ <span class="nowrap">23 January</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=North+Korea+to+launch+new+spy+satellites%2C+build+drones%2C+says+war+inevitable&rft.pub=Reuters&rft.date=2023-12-31&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.reuters.com%2Fworld%2Fasia-pacific%2Fnorth-korea-plans-launch-three-more-reconnaissance-satellites-2024-kcna-reports-2023-12-30%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fth.wikipedia.org%3A%E0%B8%8B%E0%B8%B8%E0%B9%89%E0%B8%A1%E0%B8%9B%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B0%E0%B8%95%E0%B8%B9%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%A7%E0%B8%A1%E0%B8%8A%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%95%E0%B8%B4" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-7">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r10205087"><cite id="CITEREFYim2024" class="citation news cs1">Yim, Hyunsu (16 January 2024). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.reuters.com/world/asia-pacific/north-koreas-kim-calls-change-status-south-warns-war-2024-01-15/">"North Korea's Kim calls for South to be seen as "primary foe", warns of war"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Reuters" class="mw-redirect" title="Reuters">Reuters</a></i><span class="reference-accessdate">. สืบค้นเมื่อ <span class="nowrap">16 January</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Reuters&rft.atitle=North+Korea%27s+Kim+calls+for+South+to+be+seen+as+%22primary+foe%22%2C+warns+of+war&rft.date=2024-01-16&rft.aulast=Yim&rft.aufirst=Hyunsu&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.reuters.com%2Fworld%2Fasia-pacific%2Fnorth-koreas-kim-calls-change-status-south-warns-war-2024-01-15%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fth.wikipedia.org%3A%E0%B8%8B%E0%B8%B8%E0%B9%89%E0%B8%A1%E0%B8%9B%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B0%E0%B8%95%E0%B8%B9%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%A7%E0%B8%A1%E0%B8%8A%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%95%E0%B8%B4" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-reuters-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">↑ <sup><a href="#cite_ref-reuters_8-0">8.0</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-reuters_8-1">8.1</a></sup></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r10205087"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.reuters.com/world/asia-pacific/north-korea-tears-down-monument-symbolizing-union-with-south-report-2024-01-23/">"North Korea tears down monument symbolizing union with the South - report"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Reuters" class="mw-redirect" title="Reuters">Reuters</a></i>. 23 January 2024<span class="reference-accessdate">. สืบค้นเมื่อ <span class="nowrap">23 January</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Reuters&rft.atitle=North+Korea+tears+down+monument+symbolizing+union+with+the+South+-+report&rft.date=2024-01-23&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.reuters.com%2Fworld%2Fasia-pacific%2Fnorth-korea-tears-down-monument-symbolizing-union-with-south-report-2024-01-23%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fth.wikipedia.org%3A%E0%B8%8B%E0%B8%B8%E0%B9%89%E0%B8%A1%E0%B8%9B%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B0%E0%B8%95%E0%B8%B9%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%A7%E0%B8%A1%E0%B8%8A%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%95%E0%B8%B4" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-9">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r10205087"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.today/20240123121022/https://www.nknews.org/2024/01/north-korea-demolishes-symbolic-unification-arch-satellite-imagery-suggests/">"North Korea demolishes symbolic unification arch, satellite imagery suggests"</a>. <a href="/w/index.php?title=NK_News&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="NK News (ไม่มีหน้านี้)">NK News</a>. คลังข้อมูลเก่าเก็บจาก<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nknews.org/2024/01/north-korea-demolishes-symbolic-unification-arch-satellite-imagery-suggests/">แหล่งเดิม</a>เมื่อ 23 January 2024<span class="reference-accessdate">. สืบค้นเมื่อ <span class="nowrap">23 January</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=North+Korea+demolishes+symbolic+unification+arch%2C+satellite+imagery+suggests&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nknews.org%2F2024%2F01%2Fnorth-korea-demolishes-symbolic-unification-arch-satellite-imagery-suggests%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fth.wikipedia.org%3A%E0%B8%8B%E0%B8%B8%E0%B9%89%E0%B8%A1%E0%B8%9B%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B0%E0%B8%95%E0%B8%B9%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%A7%E0%B8%A1%E0%B8%8A%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%95%E0%B8%B4" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-10">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r10205087"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://imnews.imbc.com/news/2024/politics/article/6565383_36431.html">"통일부 "북한, 평양서 '조국통일 기념탑' 철거"<span class="cs1-kern-right"></span>"</a> [Ministry of Unification: "North Korea demolishes 'National Unification Monument' in Pyongyang"]. <i><a href="/wiki/Munhwa_Broadcasting_Corporation" class="mw-redirect" title="Munhwa Broadcasting Corporation">Munhwa Broadcasting Corporation</a></i> (ภาษาเกาหลี). 2024-01-24. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240125013730/https://imnews.imbc.com/news/2024/politics/article/6565383_36431.html">เก็บ</a>จากแหล่งเดิมเมื่อ 25 January 2024<span class="reference-accessdate">. สืบค้นเมื่อ <span class="nowrap">2024-01-24</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Munhwa+Broadcasting+Corporation&rft.atitle=%ED%86%B5%EC%9D%BC%EB%B6%80+%22%EB%B6%81%ED%95%9C%2C+%ED%8F%89%EC%96%91%EC%84%9C+%27%EC%A1%B0%EA%B5%AD%ED%86%B5%EC%9D%BC+%EA%B8%B0%EB%85%90%ED%83%91%27+%EC%B2%A0%EA%B1%B0%22&rft.date=2024-01-24&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fimnews.imbc.com%2Fnews%2F2024%2Fpolitics%2Farticle%2F6565383_36431.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fth.wikipedia.org%3A%E0%B8%8B%E0%B8%B8%E0%B9%89%E0%B8%A1%E0%B8%9B%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B0%E0%B8%95%E0%B8%B9%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%A7%E0%B8%A1%E0%B8%8A%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%95%E0%B8%B4" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-11">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r10205087"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.tongilnews.com/news/articleView.html?idxno=121651">"북 통일정책의 집대성 '조국통일 3대헌장'<span class="cs1-kern-right"></span>"</a>. <i>통일뉴스</i> (ภาษาเกาหลี). 2017-08-04. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180620124725/http://www.tongilnews.com/news/articleView.html?idxno=121651">เก็บ</a>จากแหล่งเดิมเมื่อ 20 June 2018<span class="reference-accessdate">. สืบค้นเมื่อ <span class="nowrap">2024-02-17</span></span>.</cite><span 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